Yates Center, Kan., 18th; Zsdepeudence, Kans., 4th to-llth, ldth, 17th to 29th; Ft. Sill, 25th; Dodge City; 7th \ and 9th ; Ft. Gibson, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 9th, loth, 11th and 22nd ; Chattanooga, 'Fenn., 24th and 25th.
Sui, Spots.-The following record of observatious, made by Mr. D. P. Todd, Assistant, has been for-
warded by Prof. S. Newcomb, U. S. Navy, Superinteudent Nautical Almanic Ofice, Washington, D. C.:
PlUiS ............................................. lCiS96. 1699-1751. IiX-97, 1s IM-75.. 161
Pndila .......................................... 17% to 1 R i S .................................. 154
England (Bvnions' table) .............. 1i'Sfi to 1S65 .................................... 1111
Mllan ........ ................................... 1761 to 1S78 ................................... 115
London ......................................... 1915 to 1R?S .................................. 66
Madras ........................................ IS13 to 1877 .................................... BII
Pliiladellihia ................................ lSlll to 18137 .................................... 68
Edinburgh .................................. ltZ2 to 187s ......................... 57
New Bedford ................................ 1614 tu Ifill? .................................... M
Rome ............................................. 18'2.5 tu 1675 ................................. b.4
No. of new-
. . .- .-. I . __ -
~-.___ ..
is& 10 a. m... U
zud, 9 a. m... (1
srd, 4p.m 1 4th. 9a. m... 0
L p. m... U
dth, sp. m... u 6th, 3p.m .... 0
7th. 2 ]I. In... I t
.. n 9th. Yp. m... U llth, 3p.m ... I1
Mh, sa. m 0
- ---- __ I
! ?lsr, Y 11. m... 1
j %3nd.11 a. in.. II
. 3rcl. 98.m ... (I
1 24th. Sa. in ... U
i 25th 9 % in... 11
! 2B.h' 3 1-1: m...! II
~
27th: .?m ...... i 1 1
!!gt\i, IZm ...... ' I I
4 . I I I
SpOta
I .... -_ ..........
*Approxini:t tcd.
troupl
Total number iisible.
troups Spots
-12-
i
3
3
{
3
:: 1
II
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
.... ---- ...........
R~MAEKS.
............ . .-
Faculae.
I ElPlI1:l.
S e v i ~;i l extensive Aelds of fsculm. appeared t1.v so'ar rotation.
Mr. Win. D:tmsoii, itt Spicelmd, Ind., roportu: '* lst, R large group of 12 spots in NE. quadrant, one large
sjmt, south of the group ; both group and spot 4' from E. cclge; :jrd, 3 groups. 18 spots ; one new spot at E. edge;
4th, 3 groups, 8 spots ; 5th, .3 groups, 8 spots ; Gth, 3 groups, 22 spots ; 8th, 4 grmps, 15 epots ; loth, 4
groups, 33 spots; lritli, 110 spots; 2Oth, one spot very close to edge; 21st, 3 ilpots near E. edge ; 22ud, 3
spots. 1 group; %th, (i spots, 1 group; %th, 1 large spot mid 2 little' ones near it, nearly S. of centre."
Mr. F. Hess, :It Ft. Dodge, In., reports: lst, noon, 2 groups in NE. quadraut-upper, 2 large and 10 or 12
sniiill spots aiid Cmx~la ; lower, 1 large spot and fiicula ; 2utl. 9 n. in., same-in all, 3 liirge and 6 sniall spota,
no facula; 3rd, 9 a. m., same, and a large new spot uear NE. limb ant1 1 it1 8E. quadrant and ficuls ; 4th,
no sun all day ; 5th, 9 a. IU., two large and one sniall spot in NW. qutidrmt, one large spot i u 8W. quadrant,
ouc Iarze spot in NE. qunclraut and facuke ; G i h , 9 a. w., same four large spots and several small ones-nothing
new since yesterrlap; 7th, 9 :I. in., same fourlags spots nearer to W. limb-nothing new; sth, 10 8. rn., four
groups, 8 io NW. qu:tdrmt, 1 in 8W. cliiadrnnt ; 9th, 10 a. m., five groups, 4 iu NW. quadrant, 1 in SW.
quadrant-in all 15 distinct spota and insuy faculs ; loth, 10 a. rn., saine five graups of 15 spots-3 spots very
large; Ilth, 10 8. in., only 6 spots; first twogroups have disappeared by rotation; l%th, 10 a. m., four large
and seven small spots nud many faculx? i u N W. quadrant ; 13th, 10 a. in., one iarge and five small s nts, a
new group of fnculre uear E. limb; 14th, 10 a. m., uo spots, but two groups of faciilre near NE. an c f NW. liiubs; 15th to 40th, no spots nr i~culre; alst., uoou, oue large spot and brilliant faculsnear SE. limb ; 22nd,
noon, one large spot and 2 distiuct smaller ones besides a nuiuber of others indistinct; 23rd. noon, one large
spot and two smaller ones, no faculre ; 24th, noon, same 2s on previous day ; 25th, no observation made ; 26th,
8. a. m., same group uear centre E. zud W., nothing new ; 27th and 28th, no observations : 29th, noon, one
large spot i n SW. quadrant and a group of facuke near SE limb.
N O T E S ANI) E X T R A C T S ,
[Nafwe, February 5, 1880.1
Rem& of nn liiqz~iy into the Periodicity of RninjalZ.-Mr. G. M. Whipple, the author, has collected
the following serics of rainfall observations, all of which contain more thau fifty years, records :
I
..
Btztion. I Prrlotls.
I--
No. of years. Authority.
...... - ........... - ...
Annuniiv de l'ObsPrvstoire de Montnourln. 187%
N l S 8 . from P. Denzs. B. A. Heport. 1866.
MBS. from P. Denza.
Uint.r and Symons. Na I'L'RE. rol. xeiii, p. 585.
Smitliaoninn Tahles. p. 97. NATL:I~E. vol. xviil. 11. 97.
Sinithsonian Tables. p. 90.
MSR. from P. Denxa.
17
. - - . -. .................. ..... .... .. .........
/Year .................. I 18fIl1 l s i l l i lsfvz 1 !slt;b
.................. . +11.2 -1.9 -2.5 2 1 .1 1 . +:i.n
Im4 . 1FnA I lRllr:
, +11d +1111 +1 1 l l , -11 +l l r I +I b l ' -t 1 l !l
__j ! &--! I
................. i -1.7 : r 1 .l +.t.:: +.!.: -4.t)
.- . . - .. .- -
I lSll7 ! lsils . ism I Isin i
+:;.J j -2.s : -2.A I +I.?
~
+11ll ' +l i t 1 +11,1 ' +lln I
:-I I -__---'---_'
i -4 .7 -.;.e I
+?.ij I +:::R I
18
eastward most rapidly, the rain-area generally estends to an unusual distance OD the east side ; and the
storm-centre ndvnnces less rapidly than usual when the rain-area extends brit little on the east side. Thene
facts seem to iodicate that io Europe the center of r;iiu-area must precede the ceuter of least pressure by a
less distance than it does in the Uuited States. I have endeavored to decide this question by a comparison
of oboervatious. * * * * * From these observations we must conclude that storms may travel eastward even though the center of
the rain-area is somewhat west of the center of loa pressure. I n m y tenth paper (this Jour., xvii, p. 12) I hnve shown that the chauge of wiud which accompanies a barometric miuitnutu generally begius nt the sur-
face of the earth. before it does a t elevated stations, iutlicntiug that the west niud in the rear of the storm
pushes under the east wind, lifting i t from the surface of the e.irth, so that a change of wind and an incrnnse
of barometric pressure is observed a t the surfice before there is m y change of wiud a t the elevatiou of 2,000
or 3,000 feet,. This movemeDt of the winds does nrit prevent thestorni-centre from advancing eastaard, but
the storm advances less rapid!y than when the centre of the rain-fall is considerably east of the centre of
low pressure, as is geiierally the case in the United States.
PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR.
E%. Qm. (Bvt. Ass$!,) Chkf &nal Oj&m. 0: S. A.
Copy furnished for
Entered at the Pmk Oleee nt WOshin,@l, D. C.. SB SecondCloss Matter.