8 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. JANUARY, 1889.
Greatest.
Saint Vincent, Minn. ................ &Po
Moorhead Minn. .................... 75.0 Fort Aesiholne, Mont. ............ 72.0
Huron Dnk .......................... 67.0 Northheld Vt. 67.0
Winncmudcn, Nev. .................. 63.0 ......................
Y A X W M AND MINIHUM TEMPERATURES.
The highest temperatures for the month were reported along the east coast of southern Florida, and in southeastern Texa west of the coast line, where the .values rose above 80, the highest reading, 88O, being noted at Rio Qrande CitF, Tex. At Kitty Hawk, N. C., at stations in the south Atlantic states, over t h e southern parts of the eastern and middle Gulf states, and a greater portion of Texas, in tho vicinity of Eureka, Cal.: and in southeru California and southwestern Arizona, the read- ings rose to, or above, 'ioo. From northern New Eugland west-
ward to the one hundred and seveuth meridian, and in the Itocky Mountain regions west of that longitude southward into New Mexico and Arizona, the maximum.temperatures fell below
50, except i n north-central Montana,, where 51O and 52O wore reported at Fort Assinaboine and Fort Maginnis, respectively. At Albany, N. Y., Saint Paul, and Saint Vincent Minn., and Fort Canby, Wash., the maximum temperatures were higher than for any previous January during the periods of observn- tion, by 3 O , 3 O , go, a.nd 2O, respectively. At Albany the highest
temperature previously noted occurred in 1876, at Saint Paul and Saint Vincent in 1885, aud a t Fort Cauby in 1888. The
- most notable deficiencies were reported along the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains, where at stations the maximurn tem- peratures were from 20 to 30 below the maximum values for the corresponding month of previous years. The lowest temperatures occurred in the valley of the Red River of the North, where a reading of -36 was noted at Saint Vincent, Minn. Over northern New England and northern
New Pork, Wisconsin, except near the west coast of Lake Michigan, the upper Mississippi and Missouri valleys north of the forty-first pa,rallel, t.he plateau regions of the Rocky Moun- tains southward into central Arizona, except near Salt Lake City, Utah, and in the valleys of the Suake and Columbia rivers, the temperature fell below zero. Unusually lorn tem-
peratures have not beeu reported, aucl tho miuimum readings were above the lowest values previously reported for January in the several districts as follows: New England 14O to 25O, middle and south Atlantic states 17O to 3 7 O Gulf states 1l0
to 25O, La.ke region 2Q0 to 310, Ohio, upper hississippi, and lower Missouri valleys, a .1 ~1 Tennessee 24O to :37O, above the minimum temperatures of 1884; in the middle and northern
Rocky Mountain regions, 220 to 44O ; ou t,he north Pacific slope, 14O to 32O; on the middle and southern Pacific slopes, aud iu
southern Rocky Mountain regions, generally less than 15O. The table of comparative maximum and minimum tempera- tures heretofore published in the EEVIEW has been discou- tinued, as similar data for the regular stations of the Signal Service will be published in the table of' miscellaneous meteoro- logical data, commencing with the current month.
The monthly and the greatest and least daily ranges of tem- perature at Signal Service stations are given in the table of miscellaneous meteorological data. The greatest monthly ranges occurred in the valley of the Red River of the North, where they exceeded 800. In north-central Montana they were more than 700, while in uorthern Vermont, southeastern Iowa, central Colorado, the upper Missouri valley, and at stations in the middle and southern plateau regions they ranged above 603. The monthly ranges were least over the southern extremity of Florida, west-central California, and the western part of Washington Territory, where they were less than 30. Along the middle and west Gulf coasts, in south- western Ohio, in the vicinity of Salt Lake City, Utah, over a greater portion of California and Washington Territory, and in northwestern Oregon, the raliges were less thau 40.
RANGES OF TEXPERATURE.
The following are some of the extreme monthly ranges :
Least.
Pysht, Wash ......................... ~2 .~0
9an Francisco, Cal ................... 24.0 Port Angeles, Weah. ................ 24.0 Key West Flu ....................... 25.0 Cincinnati: Ohio. 39.0
Snlt Lake City, Utah ................. 390 ....................
Monthly moan.
FROST.
Frost occurred in the south Atlantic and Gulf states as fol. lows: lst, Tex; 2d,Ala., Tex. ; 3d, Ala.,Ga., La., Miss., S. C., Tex.; 4th, S. C., Tex. ; 5th, Ala., La., Miss., Tex. ; 6th, Ala., La., Miss., S. C., Tex.; 7th, Ala. Ga., La., Miss., S. C.; 8th,
Ala., Ga., S. C.; 9th, Ala., Qa., &. C., Tex.; loth, Ala., Ga., La., Miss., S. C., Tex.; l l t h , Ala., Ga., La., S. C., Tex. ; 12th, Ala., Ga., La., Miss., 8. C., Tex; 13th, Ala., Ga., La., Miss., 5. C., Tax.; 14th, Ala., Ga., Miss., 8. C.; 15th, Ga., S. C ., Tex.; 17th, La., Tex. ; 18th, 19th, Tex.; 20th, Ala., La., Tex.; 21St, Ala., ea., La., Miss., Tex.; P2d, Ala., Ga., La., Miss., S. C., Tex.; 23d, Ala., 8. C., Tex.; 24th, 26th, 26th, Tex.; 27th, Ala., Tex. ; 28th, Ala., Ga., La., Miss., Tex. ; 29th, Ala., Fla., Ga:, La., Miss., S. C., Tex.; 30th, Ala., Fla., Ga., La., Miss., S. C., Tex. ; 31st, Ala., Ga., La., Miss., S. C., Tex. I n South Carolina and Goorgia no frost was reported along the immediate coast. In Florida frost was not noted until the 29th, except at Pensacola ; it was reported generally throughout the northern half of the state on that and the following date.
In Alabama frost was reported frequently during the month in the interior of t h e state. I n Mississippi and Louisiana it
was observed on fourteen and seventeen dates, respectively, and was of frequent occurrence along the Mississippi River in the southern parts of the states. In Texas frost was reported on twenty-six dates, but was not noted along the immediate coast, save at Corpus Christi, where i t was reported on the 2lst.
Frost was also reported on the 21St a t Rio Grande City. When coinpared with the preceding month the southern limit of frost in Florida for January, 1889, was about 1' fart,her north, while in Texas i t was extended considerably to southward.
LIMITS OF FREEZING WEATHEE.
On chart v are dlown the Routherri and western limits of
freezing weather during J a ~i ~a r y , 1889. East of the Rocky Mountains the temperature fell below 32O, except in Florida south of the thirtieth parallel, and at stations on the immediate Gulf coast. Ou the Pi1cific coast the temperature fell to 320 at Fort Canby, Wash., while to the southward a line represent- ing the western limit of freezing weather i s traced over western California, south of the fortieth parallel, to Lou Angeles, and
thence southeastward to the Southwest portion of Arizona.
The following table shows the maximum, minimum, and mean water temperature as observed at the harbors of the
several stations; the monthly range of water temperature; and the mean temperature of the air for January, 1889:
1 Turnpernture at bottom. I Mean tern-
TEMPERATURE OF WATER.
-
perature of air nt the sta- tion.
Stntiona.
Canby, Fort, WRsh .................... Cedar Keys FIR ...................... Charleston '8. C ...................... ERetport he ......................... Galvestoh 'rex ....................... Key We8t' Flu ........................ New York'City .......................
Portlnnd,bregon .....................
Ponsncola Ia'la ........................
62.0 . 50.3 54.9 1 51.2 40.6 37.1
58.3 47.5 76.1 67.1 38.6 35.2
58.7 51.0 42.3 37.7
0
43.7 57.0
50.0 27.0
52.4 70.3 36. a
51.4 38.6
PRECIPITATION (expressed iu inches and hundredths).
The distribution of precipitation over the United States and of nearly 1,500 stations, is exhibited on c1i:trt iii. In' the Canada for January, 1889, as cletermined from the reports 1 table of miscellaneous meteorological datiL are given, for each
9 JANUARY, 1889. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW- ___ -- -
ltiley ............ McHenry...
V%Y ........... .( Switzerland .I Indiana.
loloa.
Signal Service station, the total precipitation, with the depart- ure from the normal. The figures opposite the names of the geographical districts in the columns for precipitation and departure from the normal show, respectively, the averages
for the several districts. The normal for any district may be found by adding the departure to the current .mean when the Precipitation is below the normal and subtracting when abore.
On the north Pacific coast, over the northern portions of the Plateau districts and eastern Rocky Mountain Slope, over an area extending from Lonisiana, Mississippi, and uortllern Alabama to the upper Ohio valley and Lake region, and in Portions of New England and the Maritime Provinces, the
Precipitation for January, 1889, was below the normal. Iu all other portions of t h e cotintry, with the exception of a small area i n the lower Missouri valley, i t was in-excess of the nor- mal. The marked deficiency 11 the Pacific coast and the equally noteworthy excess in Jlorida and over the greater
Part of the country from the lower Mississippi valley West- ward to Arizona, form the most important features of this month's precipitation. upon the whole there was not more than 40 per cent. of the normal rdinfall on the Paci5c coast, the deficieucy being greatest in northern Cdifornia, where lese than 15 per cent. of tile normal amouut of rain fell. I n south. ern California and on the north Pacific coast the percentage8 of normal rainfall were about 42 and 63,.respectively. A
marked deficiency also occurred in the middle and nortberu plateau districts, northern slope, and Ohio Valley, where the Precipitation ranged from one-half to three-fourths of the monthly normal. There was more than three times the nor mal precipitation over the middle and southern portions of thf eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains; about double thf Average in the sonthem plateau, and from 70 to 80 per cent more than the normal in Florida, the west Gulf states, and Missouri Valley. In the upper lake region, &io Qrande Val ley, middle and south Atlantic states there wa8 an excesf ranging from 20 to 40 per cent. of the normal. In the extremt: northwest, upper Mississippi valley, lower lake region, Nea England, and the ewt Gulf states the monthly precipitntior closely approached the normal, there being 9 slight deficiencj in New England anc1 the extreme northwest, and a slight ex Cess in the other districts mentioned.
DEVIATIONS PROM AVERAGE PRECIPITATION.
Tho following table sllows for curtain stations, as reportec .voluiitary observers, (1) the average precipitation for :
series of years; (2) tile length of record during which the ob servatiom have been taken, %lid from which the average h a
been computed; (3) the total precipitation tor January, 1889
(4) the departure of the current month from the average (5 ) and the extreme monthly precipitation for January dur
W the period of observation and the years Of occurrence :
I
4.04 1' aa
8tate and station.
AT*?l.SW.
Lead Hill ........ Califmia. Bncramcnto ...... Cd6ado.
Boono. .....
&oramento
Bent.. ......
Brevard ....
Monroo .....
Peorin .....
Middlcsex.,
Oounty. Greatest.
Crew0 ........... Howard .....
Monticello .- ..... 3 ones.. ...... I. 65 L0f4m* ........... Earrison .... 2
Least.
-
9 e
;$
- -
c)
'mhu
3.78
0.19
0.53
5 .4
0.11
8.86
1.70
1.86
a. Sa
1.55
1.72-
1.49
Year.
If%
1862
1886
1859
1878
1Rs3
155a
1876
1876
1886
1885' 1881
--
Am't.
--!..--
I n c h .
1.33
0.19
trace.
1.45
0.57
a.aa
0.20
9.45
0.75
0.38
o.ag
0.10
Deviations .from average prm*witation-Continued.
Karwaa. 1 IhuhmiYIori iawrence ........ Uouglae ..... 1.25 zi
Vollinaton ...... Sumner ...... 0.71 IO
m-i8iana. irand Coteau .... I St. Landry ..( 7.12 1 6
Maine.
dia land
Nwachusetts.
iardiner ......... Kennetwc ... 3.72 47
rmherst ......... Hnlnpshire..
iomerset ........ Bristol
,umbe%xl. .... Allegnny .... a.11 17
qewburyport .... Essex ....... ......
Nuhigan.
Miniissoto.
Montana. S'ort Shaw ....... New Hanlpshirb
Nno Jersey.
N m York.
North Cardia
Ohio.
<nlemnzoo ....... Kalnmazoo.. 2.56 1 13
I'hornville ....... Lapeer ...... 1.93 I 12
dinnenpolls ..... Hennnpin ....
:oilcord ......... Merrimack.. 3.23 '
3outhOrnnge .... Essex ....... 3.95 17
:ooperstown ..... Otscgo ....... a.44 ! 35
Palormo ......... Oswego ...... 3.14 35
Lcnoir ........... Caldwoll... .. 4.51
Wauaeon ........ Fulton ...... 1.12
7
loorostown ..... Burlington .. 3.81 1 I5
N. Lewisburgh .. Champaign .. 3.63
hlbany .......... Ltnn... ...... 9.05 Eola ............. Polk ......... 6.20
Pennsvluanin.
...... 3.20
.. 76
..... Snmter ...... 3.72
2:73
3tateebu
Austin ........... ...... Milan ............ Gibeon ...... 5.79 I
wileon
I
5 .4
TQC7.S.
VertnOnl.
Vis inia
K . at Virginia. '
\visconsin
Fort Concho . . , . . Tom Green.. 0.84 New Ulm ........ Auetin ...... 4.04
BLrafford ......... Orange ...... 3.40
W theville ...... Wythe ....... 3.53
Holvetia.. ....... Rnndolph ... 5.05
hindison ......... Dane ........ 1.96
Bird's de,, ...... Northampton 3.68
Wnshington. .... Fort Townaend .. Jefferson 2 .n I 11
t Report n'
,)Extreme itation for monthly January. preoip
Greatest.
-
'ear.
Lenst.
-
m't.
whs.
0.12
0. I8
2.9
0. ga
0.30
0.99 1.60
1.57
0.58
0. c6
-
I . 10
0.00
1.50
I . 13
I. 17
0. la 0.16
I.&
0.44
1 .3
a. P
a.
0.7c
3.7c
a. 14
2. 6(
4.4:
I.?
1.7<
I. 5t
2-91
0.41
0.8
1.21
0. M
1.M
HAIL *
Hail fell during January on the several dates 8s follows :
2d, Conn., La. 3d, Me., Oregon. 6th, Mass. 6th, Me., Maas.,N. H., N. Y. 7th, Me. 8th,La. 9th, N. H., N. J., N. Y., Pa.. Wis. 12th, Oal. 13th, Kans., Tex. 14th, Ariz., Kans., Ohio. 16th, Ariz., Idaho., Ind. T., Kans., Tex., Wis.
16th, Ill., Iowa, Wis. 17th, Mich., Oregon, Wash. 18th, Oregon. 20th, Micb., Oregon. 24th, N. Y., Pa. 27th, Conn., Me., Mass., N. H., Tenn. 31st, D. C., Ind.
Sleet fell during January on the several dates as follows: lst, Oregon, Tex. 2d, Oregon, Vt. 3d, Dak. 4th, Dak., Minn., W. Va. Sth, Dak., Ind. Mich., Minn., Nebr. 6th,
Kans., Mms., N. H., N. Y., W. +a. 7th, N. H., N. Y., Ohio. 8th, Dak., Iowa, Mo., Wis. 9th, Conn., Mass., Mich., Tenn.,
Vt., Wis. 12th, Kans. 13th, Arlz., Kens., Mo. 14th, Ark,
Ind., Kana., Mo.,Nebr. 16th, Ariz:, Iowa, Kans., Mich.,Minn., Nebr., Wis. 16th, Ariz., Iowa, Mlcti., Minn., Wis. 17th, W.
Va. 18th, Miss. 19th, MMO. 20th, Ind,, Icy., Md., N. J., N. O., Ohio Pa. 21st, Cd., Me. 23d, Cd. 24th, Vt., Wash. 26th, Nebr. 26th, Ind. T., La., Md., Tex. 27th, Conn., Me.,
Mass., N. Y., Tenn. 28tb, Me., Mass., Pa, 30th, Minn. 31st, Pa. SNOW.
On the 28th snow reached its southernmost latitude for the
BLEET.
10 MONTHLY WEATHER B E W W .
month and, so far, for the winter also. On the date mentioned
it fell generally throughout the east Gulf and south Atlautic
states, and was reported from stations on both the east Gulf and south Atlantic waste. As usual in the winter season, snow was of daily occurrence in some part of the wuutry. In
Michigan there were but three days during the month, riz., the 2d, 3d, and 23d, on which i t did not occur in some part of the state, aud in Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Pennsylvauia, New York, aiid Vermont i t fell on from twenty to twenty-six days. On the 9th, loth, 13th to 16th, 18th ta
21st, 27th and 28th, snow fell in more than twenty states or territories, being reported from as many as thirty-one on the 20th. The date on which i t waa least extensively reported
was the 2d, when i t occurred only in Montana, New York, Oregon, and Vermont.
YONTELY SNOWFALLS (inches and tenths) IN JANUARY.
While in some portions of the country, vix., uorthern New York and the northern portion of the upper lake region, the monthly snowfalls hare been heavy, and have probably
equalled, or exceeded, the January average, a8 a whole the snowfalls of Jauuary, like those of the two preceding months, have been unusually small. There can be no doubt that the
winter snowfall, to t h e close of January, over much of tbe country, particularly the central and southern portions, is the smallest that has occurred for a number of years. I n the nortbern portions of the country from Dakota eastward to New England, and over limited areas in the Rocky Mountain and plateau regions, the aggregate snowfall for January generally exceeded ten inches, and in portions of the Lake region and New England depths ranging from twenty to fifty inches were reported, t h e greatest occurring in northern New Pork, Low rille, and Number Pour, in that state, reporting 66.1 and 69.9,
respecti vel y . Below are given all monthly snowfalls of teu inches, or more, and in states or territories where the maximum depth was below that amount, the station reporting the greatest is given :
Alabama.-Bermuda, 2. Arizona.-Fort Grant, 11 ; Pres- cott, 10. Arkansm.-Lead Hill, 7.1. California.-Fort Bid-
well, 11.4; Emigrant Gap, 11 ; Coles and Dunsmuir 10. Cob- rado.-Coulter aud Leadville, 11. Uonnecticut.-hew Hart- ford, 8.6. Dakota.-Huron, 15.1; Grand Forks, 12.2; Kim- ball, 11; Fort Sully, 10.6; Webster, 10.4. Delaware---New- ark, 2.6. District of Columbin.-Washington M y , 3. Qeor- gia.-Duck, 1. IdalLo.-BoisB City, 7. Illinois.-ltockibrd,
17; Cedarville aud Warren, 12; Winuebago, 11.6; Mount Morris and Oneida, 11 ; Petersburgh, 10.8 ; Rock Island, 10.
Indiana.-Columbia City, 9.5. Indian Territory.-Fort Gib- &on, 4.6. Iowa.-Iowa City, 13.6; Keokuk, 12.6; Dubuque,
11.6 ; Maquoketa, 11. Kansm.-Seneca, 7.6. Kentucky.- Madisouville, 3. Louieiana. - Arcadia, Farmerrille, Lake
Providence, Liberty Hill, Point Pleasant, Saint Joseph, and Trinity, trace. Maine.-Calais and Lewiston, 17; BeliBst, 16;
Orono, 16.6; Cornish aud Kents Hill, 16; Qardiner, 14.6;
Fairfield, 10. I~aryZand.-Cumberland, 11. Masuchwet&.- Rowe, 16; Deerfield, 13.6; Groton, 13; Fitchburgh b, Gilbert- ville Lawrenco and Leominster, 12.; Amherst, Fitchburgh a,
Newluryport, and Waltham, 10. MwJLigan.-Nrtrquette, 39.2;
Calumet, 38.3; Atlantic, 38; West Branch, 26; Hmisville, 22.8; Hillman, 22; Alpeua, 21.2; Traverse Cityb, 19.9; Ros- common, 19.8; Fletcher, 19.6; Lathrop, 19; Buchanan and Gulliver Lake, 18.8; Benzonia, 18; Traverse City a, 17.6;
Mio, 17.4; Deer Lake and Port Huron, 17; Manistee, 16.4;
Alma, 15.6; Omer and Thornville, 14; Iouia, 13.6; Cassopolia and Washington, 13; May, 12.6; Paw Paw, 12.2; Bear Lake, Benton Harbor, East Tawas, and Vandalia, 12; Fremont, 11.7;
East Saginaw, 10.9; Fort Brady, 10.6; Hudson, Lansing, and Mottville 10.6 ; Ypsilanti, 10.4. Minnesota.-Lakc Winnibi - goshish, 14.8; Pokegama Falls, 12.4; Moorhead, 12.3; Leech Lake, 11.1. Miseie8ippi.-Pa.lo Alto and Pontotoc, 0.2. Mi8-
8ouri.-Miami, 12 ; Mouad City 10.8 ; Withers Mill, 10.7.
Montana.-Sheldon, 13.7; Fort hagiuuis, 10.6. iVebrmka.-
JANUARY, 1889.
Burners Ranch, 45; Tuscarora,19; Pioche, 12.2; Eureka, 12.1 ; Austiu, 12 ; Wellington, 10.8. New Hamphire.-Berlin Falls and Berlin Mills, 26; North Conway, 24; West Milan, 18;
North Chesterfield, 17 ; Autrim, 16; Hanover, 14; Concord and Plymouth, 13 ; Manchester, 10.6 ; Nashua, Shaker Village, and Walpole, 10. New Jersey.-South Orange, 6. New .Ue&co.-
Fort Wingnte, 13; Port union, 22; La8 V8ga5, 11.9. New
Pork.-Number Four, 69.9; Lowrille, 66.1 ; fjaranac Lake,
43.8; Potsdam, 38; Barnes Corners, 36; Canton and North Bammond, 34.4 ; Constableville and UticR, 32 ; Oswego, 26.2;
Buffalo, 24.9 ; Ninereh, 24; Fort Porter, 23 ; Penn Yan, 22.6 ; Auburn, 21.9 ; Queonsborough, 20.6; Ilion, 20; Angelica, Palermo, and Plsttsburgh Barracks, 19.5; Perry City, 19;
HessRoad Station, 17.9 ; Rochester, 17.8 ; Wedgewood 16.7 ;
Ithnca, 14.1; Eden, 14; Genera, 13.8; LeRoy, 13; Atbany,
12.2; Cooperstown, Friendshi@, and Humphrey, 12 ; Factory-
rille, 10.4; Elmira, 10. North Carolina.-Lenoir and Hot Springs, 2. Ohio.-North Lewisburgh, 12.8 ; Caledonia, 12;-
Cleveland, 11.7; Kenton, 11.5; Bellevue, aud Wauseotl, 10.8;
Tiffln, 10.7. Oregon.-Fort Klamath, 16.1; Siskiyou, 14. PenPo-
8yZvania.-Meadville b, 21 ; Eagles Mere, 19.2 ; Coudersport, 17.6; Grampiau Hills, 17; Meadrillea, 14.8; Somerset, 12.8;
Wellsborough, 12.4; Rimersburgh, 12.2; Le Roy, 10.9; New Castle, 10.6 ; Tionesta, 10. Bhode Ishnd.-Woonsocket, 7.
South CaroZina.-Brewers Mines, Cedar Springs, aud Trial, trace. ~~nneesee.-Clarksrille, 3. Tmas.-Decatur, 8. Utah.- Salt Lake City, 6.8. Verniont.-Bnrlington, 33 ; Coventry,
32.6. Northfield, 30.2; Chelsea, 26; Ea& Berkshire, 23; Straf- ford, 22; Conway, 21 ; Middlebury, 19.4; Jacksonville and Saint Johnsbury, 19 ; Lunenburgh, 16; Saxtons River, 16 ;
Vernon, 14; Manchester, 13. Flashington.--Fort Spokane,
20.6 ; Spokane Falls, 16. West Virginia.-Middlebrook, 23 ;
Helvetia, 13.6. TFi8conein.-Green Bay, 33.6; Oshkosh, 20.6 ;
Fond du Lac, 17; Cadiz, 12; Waucousta, 11.6; Phillips, 10. Wyoming.-Carter, 22; Fort Bridger and Fort Washakie a,
11.6 ; Fort Wmhakie b, 10.
DEPTH OF SNOW REMAINING ON GROUND AT 16th AND
OLOSE O F MONTH.
Ou chart v are shown the portions of the country covered by snow at the close of January (also the southern and westeru limits of freeziug weather) aud iu the table of data for volun- tary stations are given the depths as reported by t h e various
observers. In the Red River Valley of the North, northern portion of the upper lake region, and over the greater portiou of New Pork and the New England states there remained at
the end of January upwards of six inches of snow, aud over limited areas iu the distr~cts named the depth waa much
greater. In the upper Mictngan peninsula and in the northern portions of New York and Vermont depths ranging from twenty to thirty inches were reported from numerous stations. South of the 40th parallel eastward of the ltoclcy Mountains
there was very little snow on the ground a t the close of t h e
month, and over much of the country northward of that parallel
t h e depth did not exceed two inches. In the central and northern portions of the Rocky Mountaiu and plateau regions the depths generally range from two to eiglit inches. The fol- lowing are some of the greatest depths reported : Barnes Cor.
ners, N. Y., 36; Number Four, N. Y., 29.8; Canton and Consta- bleville, N.Y., 26; Calumet,.Mich., and North Volney, N.Y., 24.
As was the case at tho middle of the two preceding months, there was not su5cieut snow on the ground on the 15th of January to justify the issue of R chart. While a number of reporta show depths of four inches and upwards at that date, i t appears that these depths covered areas of very limited extent in northern New Pork, portions of Michigan, Wiscon-
sin, Minnesota, Nebraska, Colorado, aud western Kansas. The following are the greatest depths reported on the 16th of
the month : Number Four, N. P,, 16; Barnos Corners, N. Y,,
13; Ouray, Colo., 12; Independeuce, Iowa, 10.
EXOESSIVE PBECIPITATION, JANUARY, 1889.
It will be see11 from the accompanying table of excessive
JANUARY, 1889. MONTHLY WBATHER REVmW. 11
Mount Vernon&wacks
Camden .................................... nele- ..................................... HotBprin 8 ................................ LWeRoL ................................. Little Rock Barracks ...................... Florida. Altnmontesprings ................ Jupiter.. ................................... Merritt's Island .................. Micco ............................ Tituaville ........................ Qeorgia.
Quitman ......................... Indiana. Huntingburg$&....G..
saint Martinville.. .........................
Arkanaaa.
Hephzihh .......................
hfaaeaehuaells.
. .&&;&: .....................
Kosciusko y;j;&;.
p"n',",",S.". ;. ................................. .................................. Plainfield.. ................................. Tom's River.. .............................. Orcgon.
Antoria ........................... Pennsylvania. Wellabwu h ............................. %m4llCasee.
' h n t o n ....................................
Austin ..................................... Brncoria .................. coreicnnn'.' ....................................... Longview.. ................................. Mexin ...................................... T 1er. ............................
Virginia.
Wnslington ~em'tory.
Tam.
d c o .......................................
CapeH@nr .................................
Fort Canby .................................
--_
valentine, 12.6; North Plat@ 10.8; Fairbury, 10. Nmuda-- precipitation that monthly rainfalls exceeding ten inches occurred only in Florida, Georgia, Oregon, and Texas; the largest amount being 13.85, at Tyler, Tex.
Daily fall8 of 2.60, or more, were reported from Alabama, b k a m m , Florida, e o r g i a , Massachusetts, Mississippi, New
Jersey, Pehnsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and Washington, and occurred mostly on the 16th and 16th. The most remark- able daily fall mas 4.00 on the 26th at Saint Martinsrille, La.
The rate of one inch per hour waa attained in but one in- Stance, vi%, Titusville, Fla., where 1.03 fell in 23 minutes on
the 4th giving a rate of 2.21 per hour. -~ - - I I I
.................... 371
2.81 2.72
2.60
:: 8
11.15 .........
IO. 21 f:i: 10.22 3.93
1 0 .9
IO. y 6.03 Io.40 32S
.................... 3. 50
4-00
.........
3.10
.................... 2.75
3. sa
3 6 1 2.96
l ~.6 7 .........
3.00
2.58
2.85
2.60
2.50
10.04 .........
2. 90 3.90 13.85 ......... 2.50
2.65
a.%
or more, in one hour. or more, in a4
State and station.
16 16 8
15-16 15-16
................. .I.. .... ................. .I.. .... ........................ ........................ ........................
16 16
14
15
15 13-14
23
a7
23-24
......................... #I ................... .............. .................. I.. .... .................. i......
.................. I ...... ........................... 1 ...... .................. I ...... .................. I ...... .......... ........I ......
........................... I ...... 11-12 ........................ 23 ........................ 23 ........................ ......... I
1.031 0 2 8 1 4
15-20
16
16
....... ........ ......
.......... I ........ I ...... .... ........ I /....,. .................. I ...... .......... ........,...... 9 ................ ..I.. .... 5-2 I 1 ........................
16 I .................... ......
~
~-
SUMMARY O F EXOESBIVE PRECIPITATION.
The followihg table gives the aggregate number of excessive monthly, daily, arid hollrly rainfalls for the several states and territories, shown by the montlily and supphmentary ta,bles of excessive precipitation , published in the MONTHLY WEATHER
REVIEW duriug 1888 :
;$ET:. ................................
Connecticut .............................. 2F-k;;. ................................ Distrtct o&;i;mb.,;. ....................
Ark*neae ................................. Cnlifornin"".."' ........................
Colorado ................................. ................................
.....................
Ycara Years. 8 1
6 <
6 2
12 1
8 c
'4 r
7
3 4 50 8
Summarg of exmsivcprecipitaEion-Continued.
Btntcs.
___--_--
b'lorida .................................. 344
Georgiu.. ................................. 299
Idaho.. ................................... 0
Illinois .................................. i
82
Indiann.. ................................. 94
lown... ................................... 183
Maine .................................... ~6
Mmsnchusetts ........................... 1 130
Michignn .................................
Indinn T.. ............................... .! 17
Kansas ................................. .i Kentucky ................................ z: Louisiana ................................ 1 179
Narylnnd ................................. 1 46
Minnesota ................................ 1 f
Miasissippi ................................. I 3 Missouri Montann ..................................
Nebraska i New Hampshire. ......................... New Jersey .............................. 85
New Mexico .............................. 5 New York ................................ 17:
Nevadn ................................... North Carolinn .......................... 224 Ohio ...................................... 92 Oregon ................................... 2 6
Pennsylvnnin ............................. 80
Hhode Inland. ............................ 13 a u t h Cerolina ........................... 1 9
Tennessee ................................ I
112
mm .................................... Utah. .................................... 0
Vermont ................................. 8 Virginia. ................................. 79
West Virginia ............................ 5
..............................
................................
Wnahington ............................. .I
166
Wiaconain.. ............................. .( Wyoming ................................ I 2
*The monthly rnlnfall of io inches in March, 187 for MountCi in tnbles. i s considered doubtful and la not noted kercln.
-
.- $ - Y
L m
0
2 9
8
2 -
.... 41 46
5 7
41 16
17
47 '9 15
38 43
a8
34 5
59
45 41
7
I2
.....
21
3"a
; .... 9 a6
14 3
13
.... -
-
5
a. :E
2 2
C
'e0,'S
8 6
9 7 16
8
14 5 1.5 I 2
14 14 14 6
9
9 9 I2
I8
6
14 8
15
8
13 9 IO
6
11
:g
D *
--
....
IO
la
....
11
2 ....
.... -
Yea9.6.
I
I
.........
L!
4
4
7 4
6
4
15
3
4 I 1
6
:
8
I
......... f x 5 IO
a
3 3
......... 15
3
d .........
nel, Utah, published
In referring to the above table for information relative to
the comparative frequency of excessive rainfall in the different
sections, the number of stations which represent the several states and territories, and their dlstrlbution and length of re- cord, &ould be considered. As indicated by the heading, the
t.a,ble presents a summary of excessive rainfalls published in the MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW during 1888. While these
publications coutoined all available data, the summarized re- sults catinot be unreservedly used in determining the compara- tive frequency of excessive ram fall, more particularly for short intervals, as the system aud extent Of raiufall observation vary in the different states and territorles: resulting in complete
and exhaustive reports from some sections and comparatively meagre data from others. It is cqnsidered, however, t h e t the
summary of excessire monthly ralnfall, when considered with the number of stations and average length of record for each state and territory, presents a fairly accurate record for a greater portion of the country. In the column "Average in-
terval of excessive monthly rainfall for each station," it is in- tended to show the probable frequency, in years, of excessive monthly precipitation at each station in the several states, i. e.,
at Alnbnma stations monthly rainfalls of ten iuches occur onc8 in one year; at Arizona stations once in five years. In
this connection it will also be necessary to consider the distri- bution of stations, more particularly as regards their proximity to one another, as, in cases where n number of stations are located in the same portion of the state, the probable interval of excessive monthly rainfall would bo smaller. This fact is the
more rtppereut in cases where stations are numerous, and bunched in river valleys, as in California; in such instances
figures showing general results must be comidered with a due Itllowauce or the distribution and number of stations. This
column also indicates, with a fair degree of accuracy, the com- pnrativ,e frequency of excessive monthly rainfall by states and territories, and any lack of uniformity, or apparent incon-
12
smallest in Oregon, where i t is only eight mouths, and only
slightly greater in the Gulf States, North Oarolina, and Wash- ington, where i t averages about one year. Exclusive of Ver-
mont, the greatest average interval of excessive monthly rain-
MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW.
Excessive hourly rainfalls have been reported in the greatest number of instances, 168, in Texau, and uoue hare been noMd in Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah,aud Wnshington. They havc
JANUARY, 1889.
i t will be seen that by far t h e greatest number of excessive monthly rainfalls (482) have been reported in California, where stations are numerous, and that uone have been noted in Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming, where, while stations are com- paratively few and scattered, it is not probable that rain has fallen in amounts to equal or exceed ten inches in a month.
Following in order of greater frequency are, Florida with 344, and Georgia, North Carolina, Oregon, and Texas, with more
The prevailing wiuds during January, 1889, are shown on
chart ii by arrows flying with the wind. I n the Atlantic coast states north of the thirty-seventh parallel ; over a greater por-
tion of the Lake region; in the upper Mississippi, Missouri, aud Ohio valleys, and along the south Paci5c slope, the wiuds were mostly westerly. In the south Atlantic and Qulf states, and over the eastern slope and plateau regions of the Rocky Mountains, they were variable. On the north Paci5c slope they were from south to east, while along the middle Pacific slope northerly winds were most frequently noted.
Hrcm WINDS (in miles per hour).
Maximum veloci ties of fifty miles, or more, per hour, other than those given in the table of miscellaneous meteorological
data, have been reported as follows: Woods Eoll, Mass., 57,
a, 9th; 50, nw., 19th; 64, se., 21st. Buffalo, N. Y., 62, sw., 16th and 17th; 52, w., 2lst. Block Island, R. I., 64, e., 6th; 54, nw., 10th; 60, se., 2lst; 52, e., 27th. Fort Elliott, Tex., 52, DW., 8th. Fort Canby, Wash., 60, Be., 3d. Valentine, Nebr., 52, nw., 8 t h ; 64, n., 30th.
LOCAL STORMS.
Descriptions of severe local storms which attended the pas- sage of low area iii are given nuder the heading (( Areas of low pressure, and the following reports refer to distnrbances occasioned by the passage of depressions traced ou chart i.
6th. Virginia.-Lynchbnrgh : a severe wind and rain storm occurred during the early morning. It came from the east and
did dome damage in this city and vicinity. Maximum velocity of wind, thirty-six miles per hour from the east, at about 6 a. m.
Hampshire, New Mexico, Ohio, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsiu, and Wyoming, excessive hourly rainfalls have been noted in less than 20 instances.
Over portious ofthe Rocky Mountain regiou where monthly rainfalls equalling or exceeding ten inches have not been re- ported, the largest monthly rainfalls noted in the several states and territories have been published in the tables of excessive precipitation iu the REVIEW during 1888.
~~ ~
than 200, while in Arizona, Colorado, Moutaua, New Mexico, Vermont, and West Virginia, the instauces of their reported occurrence are very limited in number. The greatest niimber of daily excessive rainfalls, 556, hare been reported in Texas, while in Idaho and Nevada none have
been noted. In North Carolina, Georgia, and Florida over 300 instances have been reported in which 2.50 inches, or more, of rain have fallen in twenty-four hours, while in Alabama, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, and Tonnessee excessive daily rainfalls have beeu noted in more than 200 instances. In Arizona., Colorado, Mon- tana, New Mexico, Utah, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wyo- ming the number of excessive daily rainfalls recorded is less than 20. .
ICE IN RIVEES AND HARBORS.
Albany, N. Y., 23d: the Hudson River froze over for the flrst time this season this morniug.
sistency in the results therein shown, may be attributed to a more perfect system of observation in vogne in some of the states. Thns, in New Hampshire the average interval of excemive monthly precipitation is given as two years, while in the ad- joining state of Vermont the interval is 5fteen years. This
discrepancy is donbtless dne to the more complete reports from New Hampshire, the observations taken at several points by the Lake Winipiseogee Cotton and Woolen Manufacturing Go. constituting an exceptionally accurate and valuable record ex- tending over many years. Aside from this most marked ex- ception it will be seen that, as a rule, there is a remarkable uniformity shown in the average interval of monthly excessive rainfalls in contiguous states and territories, the interval beiun
Buffalo, N. Y. r the lake, open to the 28th, mm covered with
Cleveland, Ohio: a transfer ferr1-boat for w e at Detroit,
ice on that date as far as could be seen from this place.
WINDS.
Rain contiuued during the day, 1.26 of an inch being measured
a t the morning and 0.52 at the eveuing observation. 6-?th, New York.-New Pork City: the high northeasterly shifting to westerly winds were very destructive in Brooklyn ;
six houses in course of erection, and numerous trees and fences
in that city were blown down. Watertown : reports show that the sleet storm which prevailed during theso dates destroyed thousands of valuable shade, fruit, and forest trees in Jeffer-
son and Saint Lawrence counties. The telegraph arid tele- phone wires were heavily coated with ice and broke under its weight, seriously interrupting communication.
20-2lst. Ma~sao?~uset~.-Bouton : heavy snow and high wind prevailed during the night. The wind blew a gale of forty to fifty miles per hour for five hours, and attained a maxi-
mum velocity of fifty-four miles per hour 3t 2 a. m., 2lst. The storm waa rery severe in this vicinity; several lives mere lost .
and considerable damage was caused to shipping.
21st. North uaroZina.-Hatteras : storm began from the southwest 2.55 a. m. and ended 3.10 a. m. ; maximum velocity
of the wind thirty-five miles Per hour. The life-saving station at Cape Hatteraa reports five men drowned, one barkentine and one three masted schooner sunk, and other vessels disabled on
Hatteras shoal during the gale.
The Sen Pedro (Cal.) Advocate, of January 19, 1889, states that two water-spouts were observed off San Pedro 15th ;
one on the east side of the bay near Anaheim Landing, and
the other iu the vicinity of C a t a h a Island. They were fuunel shaped, the larger end in the cloud, and the smaller end in the
water. They moved rapidlyandbroke before reachiug thecoast.
WATER - SPOUTS.
e.
INLAND NAVIQATION.