Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator:
        John W. Jones

        Virginia Carter (retired); Nancy B. Rybicki; Justin T. Reel; Henry
        A. Ruhl; David W. Stewart
      Publication_Date: 199907
      Title: Vegetation Map of the SICS area
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: Third International Symposium on Ecohydraulics
        Issue_Identification: Proceedings
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Salt Lake City, UT
        Publisher: International Association for Hydraulic Research
      Other_Citation_Details:
        The map was published as part of a paper presented at the Third
        International Symposium on Ecohydraulics, sponsored by the
        International Association for Hydraulic Research (IAHR), held in
        Salt Lake City, UT, on July 12-16, 1999.
      Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/sheet_flow/sicsmap.html
  Description:
    Abstract:
      The map shows the 8-class vegetation cover developed from Landsat TM
      data used for the SICS area.
    Purpose:
      This map was created specifically for surface-water flow velocity
      indexing  within hydrodynamic models created by the U.S. Geological
      Survey.  Vegetation classes in this map represent mixes of vegetation
      types that share structural characteristics and ranges of flow
      resistance as determined through field,  laboratory, and hydrodynamic
      model experiments.  Some of these vegetation types are more typically
      segregated into separate classes. Therefore, the user is cautioned not
      to treat this map as a standard vegetation classification.   This
      map's characteristics and your requirements should be carefully
      considered before adopting this map for your particular use.  Surface
      water flow velocity in the wetlands of Taylor Slough, Everglades
      National Park, is controlled by factors such as water depth,
      land-surface gradient, wind effects, and the type and density of
      vegetation. To evaluate the effect of vegetation on this shallow
      surface-water flow for model development, it is necessary to
      extrapolate from point measurements of velocity and surface-water
      slope made concurrently with characterization of vegetation at
      locations throughout the slough to the entire model area. This map was
      created solely for the purpose of extrapolating field and laboratory
      measured vegetation resistances to flow to the area of Taylor
      Slough/The Everglades National Park being modeled in the Southern
      Inland Coastal System (SICS) model domain.
    Supplemental_Information:
      The SICS study area is located in the southeast quadrant of Everglades
      National Park (ENP). It encompasses the interface of the wetlands of
      the Taylor Slough and southern C-111 canal drainage basins with
      nearshore tidal embayments of Florida Bay.  The study area is bounded
      on the east by U.S. Highway 1, and C-111 canal and levee; on the north
      and west by ENP Road (SR27) and Old Ingraham Highway; and on the south
      by Florida Bay.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 1997
        Ending_Date: 1999
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.33
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.5
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 25
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Theme_Keyword: vegetation
      Theme_Keyword: remote sensing
      Theme_Keyword: hydrology
      Theme_Keyword: mapping
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: environment
      Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
      Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters
      Theme_Keyword: 007
      Theme_Keyword: 010
      Theme_Keyword: 012
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:
        Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, Dependencies, Areas of
        Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions, 
        Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 10-4, Washington, DC,
        National Institute of Standards and Technology
      Place_Keyword: United States
      Place_Keyword: US
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:
        U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the identification of
        the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of the
        United States, and associated areas (Federal Information Processing
        Standard 5-2): Washington, DC, NIST
      Place_Keyword: Florida
      Place_Keyword: FL
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:
        Department of Commerce, 1990, Counties and Equivalent Entities of
        the United States, Its Possessions, and Associated Areas, FIPS 6-3,
        Washington, DC, National Institute of Standards and Technology
      Place_Keyword: Miami-Dade County
      Place_Keyword: Monroe County
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System
      Place_Keyword: Everglades National Park
      Place_Keyword: C-111 Canal
      Place_Keyword: Taylor Slough
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Place_Keyword: SICS
      Place_Keyword: Southern Inland Coastal System
      Place_Keyword: Old Inghram Highway
      Place_Keyword: Central Everglades
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: none
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: John Jones
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Position: Project chief
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 521 National Center
        City: Reston
        State_or_Province: VA
        Postal_Code: 20192
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648-5543
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703 648-4165
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jwjones@usgs.gov
  Browse_Graphic:
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://time.er.usgs.gov/sics/vegmap.html
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description: SICS vegetation map
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Geotiff image and exported ARC/INFO grid
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator:
        Carter, Virginia

        Rybicki, Nancy B.; Reel, Justin T.; Ruhl, Henry A.; Stewart, David
        W.; Jones, John W.
      Publication_Date: 199907
      Title:
        Classification of Vegetation for Surface-Water Flow Models in Taylor
        Slough, Everglades National Park
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: Third International Symposium on Ecohydraulics
        Issue_Identification: Proceedings
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Salt Lake City, UT
        Publisher:
          International Association for Hydraulic Research Association for
          Hydraulic Research (IAHR)
      Online_Linkage: http://time.er.usgs.gov/sics/vegclass/vegclass.pdf
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator:
        Olmsted, I. C.

        Loope, L. L.; Russell, R. P.
      Publication_Date: 1981
      Title:
        Vegetation of the southern coastal region of Everglades National
        Park between Flamingo and Joe Bay
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: Report
        Issue_Identification: T-620
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Florida
        Publisher: National Park Service South Florida Research Center
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator:
        Olmsted, I. C.

        Loope, L. L.; Rintz, R. E.
      Publication_Date: 1980
      Title:
        A survey and baseline analysis of aspects of the vegetation of
        Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: Report
        Issue_Identification: T-586
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Florida
        Publisher: National Park Service South Florida Research Center
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Stewart, D. W.
      Publication_Date: 1997
      Title:
        A GIS interface for environmental systems analysis: application to
        the south Florida ecosystem
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: fact sheeet
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: USGS Fact Sheet
        Issue_Identification: 193-97
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Reston, VA
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/FS-193-97/
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator:
        Rintz, R. E.

        Loope, L. L.
      Publication_Date: 1978
      Title: Vegetation map of Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Florida
        Publisher: National Park Service South Florida Research Center
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Craighead, F. C.
      Publication_Date: 1969
      Title: Vegetation and recent sedimentation in Everglades National Park
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: The Florida Naturalist
        Issue_Identification: October
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Maitland, FL
        Publisher: Florida Audubon Society
Data_Quality_Information:
  Logical_Consistency_Report: not applicable
  Completeness_Report: not applicable
  Lineage:
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Unknown
          Publication_Date: 1997
          Title: Landsat TM
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
      Type_of_Source_Media: remote sensing image
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 19970103
        Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: image
      Source_Contribution:
        The Landsat TM satellite image was used as the basis of the
        vegetation classification and as the background on which to add
        ground truth data.
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        Measurements of flow velocity and surface-water slope were made on
        four different dates on three west-to-east transects across Taylor
        Slough. Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates were used to
        establish the location of sampling points so that measurements could
        be repeated at the same site as desired. On three of these sampling
        dates, vegetation, including periphyton, was harvested from 0.5-m 2
        quadrats in horizontal layers, either 10 or 20 cm thick, from the
        bed through the water column to the top of the plants.  The plant
        material was sorted and measured and both plant material and
        periphyton were oven-dried at 105 deg. C for 12 hours or more to
        determine biomass of the individual components in grams dry weight
        per square meter (gdw/m 2 ). Species composition, density, leaf
        and(or) culm number and size, leaf area index (LAI), and biomass
        were determined for each layer.

        In addition, total biomass, total biomass minus periphyton biomass,
        and total LAI were calculated for each individual quadrat.  The
        quadrats were grouped according to species composition and
        subsequently into density classes based on total biomass minus
        periphyton: sparse = 0-500 gdw/m 2, medium = 500-1000 gdw/m 2, dense
        = 1000-2000 gdw/m 2, and very dense = >2000 gdw/m 2.

        A variety of remotely sensed products were available for developing
        the vegetation cover maps, including 1:12,000-scale color digital
        orthophoto quadrangles and the color infrared (IR) aerial
        photographs from which these were made, a 68-class 1993-94 Landsat
        vegetation cover classification map of southern Florida developed by
        the former National Biological Service and the University of
        Florida, and several vegetation maps of parts of the Taylor Slough
        model area (Rintz and Loope, 1978; Olmsted et al., 1980; Olmsted et
        al., 1981).  In addition, we acquired a set of 1997 Landsat Thematic
        Mapper (TM) images that covered the model area.

        A geographic information system graphical user interface (DBView),
        which was developed specifically to assimilate and interpret spatial
        data (Stewart,1997), was used to manipulate and recombine the 68
        classes in the south Florida Landsat map into six vegetation cover
        classes plus water using the color IR photographs, digital
        orthophoto quadrangles, and vegetation maps for guidance.

        Following a detailed examination of this vegetation map and
        correlation of the map with ground-truth information, a second
        vegetation cover map was developed using a January 1997 TM image.
        The Landsat TM instrument records both reflected (six bands) and
        emitted (thermal band) energy, respectively, for each ground area
        sampled. The ground spacing of reflected light  measurements is
        nominally 30 m,while each thermal measurement represents an area 120
        m on a side. Typically, the reflected and thermal data are processed
        separately.  However, for this effort, the thermal data were
        oversampled to the 30-m resolution of the reflected bands. All data
        points within the resulting 7-band image were statistically grouped
        into 20 land-cover classes. The result of this process was then
        geometrically rectified to match the coordinate system used for all
        other field and remote sensing data collection. Using DBView,
        vegetation data collected in the field, and field observations, the
        20 land-cover classes were further grouped into the seven vegetation
        classes and one water class.

        Evaluation of these two vegetation cover maps required field trips
        to many sites within or on the periphery of Taylor Slough, including
        the area to the east that includes the C-111 canal area
        criss-crossed by drainage canals and the area to the west along the
        main park road to Flamingo and the Old Ingraham Highway. A special
        field reconnaissance was made to northern Florida Bay to check the
        map classes along the Buttonwood Embankment (Craighead, 1969) and
        the edges of the tidal embayments where Taylor Slough flows into
        Florida Bay. In addition, the GPS locations of the samples were
        plotted directly on the vegetation cover maps using DBView to
        identify the vegetation class from which each sample came.
      Process_Date: Unknown
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: John Jones
            Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
          Contact_Position: Project chief
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing address
            Address: 521 National Center
            City: Reston
            State_or_Province: VA
            Postal_Code: 20192
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648-5543
          Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703 648-4165
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jwjones@usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Indirect_Spatial_Reference: SICS area
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
  Raster_Object_Information:
    Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Grid_Coordinate_System:
        Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
        Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
          UTM_Zone_Number: 17
          Transverse_Mercator:
            Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
            Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -81
            Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
            False_Easting: 500000
            False_Northing: 0
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Row and Column
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 30
          Ordinate_Resolution: 30
        Planar_Distance_Units: meters
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
      Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
      Vegetation type is represented by the following colors:

      red - sawgrass dark blue - sawgrass/bunchgrass brown - sawgrass/rush
      yellow - rush (other) purple - evergreen blue-green - mangrove/water
      green - mangrove/buttonwood cyan - open water
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: USGS personnel
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Heather S.Henkel
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 600 Fourth St. South
        City: St. Petersburg
        State_or_Province: FL
        Postal_Code: 33701
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3028
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: hhenkel@usgs.gov
  Resource_Description: Vegetation map of the SICS area
  Distribution_Liability: No warrantees are implied or explicit for the data
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: Arc/Info grid
        Format_Version_Number: unknown
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: http://time.er.usgs.gov/sics/sics_veg.e00
          Access_Instructions: The file may be downloaded from the SOFIA website
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: Georeferenced TIFF (geotiff)
        Format_Version_Number: unknown
        Format_Information_Content:
          Both the geotiff and the tfw files are necessary to use this
          version of the map
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/sheet_flow/sicsmap.html
          Access_Instructions: The files may be downloaded from the SOFIA website
    Fees: none
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20070326
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Heather Henkel
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 600 Fourth Street South
        City: St. Petersburg
        State_or_Province: FL
        Postal_Code: 33701
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3028
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sofia-metadata@usgs.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998