Historical, technical					USDL 02-237
  information:   (202) 691-5618			FOR RELEASE: 10:00 a.m. EDT
Media contact:   (202) 691-5902			Tuesday, April 23, 2002
Internet: http://www.bls.gov/lpc.htm



PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS BY INDUSTRY, 2000


	Labor productivity--defined as output per hour--rose in 2000 in more than three-
fourths of the 170 industries studied by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department 
of Labor.  Output rose in 71 percent of the industries, while hours rose in 44 percent.

	The share of industries with productivity increases during the 1990-2000 period 
was even greater.  From 1990 to 2000, labor productivity increased in 92 percent of the 
industries.  Output rose in 85 percent of the industries, while hours rose in only 46 
percent.

    ******************************************************************************
    * The industry productivity series in this release are based on the Standard *
    * Industrial Classification (SIC) system.  Beginning with the next annual    *
    * update in 2003, which will incorporate 2001 data, the industry series will *
    * be based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).     *
    * In addition, the base year for all index series will be shifted to 1997.   *
    ******************************************************************************

	The attached tables present data for industries for which BLS publishes 
productivity series.  Although the analysis that follows focuses on industries at the 3-digit 
level of the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual, BLS also publishes 
productivity series at the more detailed 4-digit level for many industries.  Data for 
additional industries are available upon request.  These include the remainder of the 3-
digit SIC industries in the manufacturing and retail trade sectors.  (See technical note for 
more information.)  Also included in this news release are productivity and related data 
for some 2-digit SIC major groups in the mining sector, for personal services, and for all 
2-digit major groups in retail trade, as well as measures for the retail trade sector as a 
whole.  An article discussing the retail trade measures through 1999 was published in the 
December 2001 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.


1999-2000 change

	Most of the industries for which BLS publishes data at the 3-digit level recorded 
labor productivity gains in 2000, with output per hour increasing in 85 of the 119 
manufacturing industries.  (See table 1.)  More than two-thirds of the gains in 
manufacturing were greater than 2.5 percent.  Four of the five largest manufacturing 
industries, those with more than 500,000 employees, recorded growth in output per hour.  
Labor productivity rose 3.2 percent in miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c. (SIC 308), 
35.5 percent in electronic components and accessories (SIC 367), 3.2 percent in 
commercial printing (SIC 275), and 1.0 percent in meat products (SIC 201).  Unit labor 
costs, the ratio of total compensation to output, fell in 40 of the 119 industries in the 
manufacturing sector.  (See table 2.)  Among the 85 manufacturing industries with 
increasing productivity, 36 also registered decreasing unit labor costs.  

	Labor productivity rose in 26 of the 28 published 3-digit retail trade industries in 
2000.  The increases ranged from 0.7 percent to 19.3 percent.  Output per hour rose in the 
three largest industries, all of which have 2,000,000 employees or more.  Productivity 
grew 3.1 percent in eating and drinking places (SIC 581), 0.8 percent in grocery stores 
(SIC 541), and 9.9 percent in department stores (SIC 531).  Among the 26 retail trade 
industries with increasing productivity, 16 also experienced decreasing unit labor costs.  
Reflecting the growth among the individual retail trade industries, productivity in the 
retail trade sector as a whole (SIC 52-59) rose 4.1 percent, with output growing 5.3 
percent and hours increasing 1.2 percent.  Unit labor costs increased 0.9 percent in the 
retail sector. 

In 2000, gains in output per hour were posted in seven of the nine industries in 
finance and services for which BLS publishes data at the 3-digit level. The largest 
industry in terms of employment was hotels and motels (SIC 701), where productivity 
increased 3.8 percent.  Unit labor costs declined in three of the nine finance and services 
industries.  In the personal services industry group (SIC 72), labor productivity increased 
1.6 percent.  Output grew 3.5 percent and hours rose 1.9 percent.  Unit labor costs in 
personal services increased by 2.2 percent.

	In 2000, productivity rose in three of the four transportation industries and in all 
of the communications and utilities industries.  The largest productivity gains were 7.3 
percent in railroads (SIC 4011), 8.0 percent in telephone communications (SIC 481), and 
9.1 percent in gas utilities (SIC 492,3 (PT)).  Unit labor costs fell in a third of the 
industries in the transportation, communications, and utilities sectors. 

	Productivity increased in four of the five 3-digit mining industries in 2000. Unit 
labor costs fell 21.4 percent in copper ores (SIC 102), 14.1 percent in gold and silver ores 
(SIC 104), and 3.8 percent in bituminous coal and lignite mining (SIC 122).


Long-term trends

	From 1990 to 2000, a very large proportion of all the industries posted 
productivity gains. (See table 1.)  This was true for the manufacturing sector where 
output per hour increased in 111 of the 119 industries.  Productivity advanced an average 
of 5.0 percent per year or more in 11 manufacturing industries; another 47 experienced 
annual productivity growth in the 2.5-4.9 percent range.  Unit labor costs fell in 29 of the 
119 industries in the manufacturing sector.  In 28 of these 29 industries, labor 
productivity increased.

	Output per hour increased in most of the retail trade industries between 1990 and 
2000.  Labor productivity advanced 5.0 percent per year or more in 9 of the 3-digit retail 
industries, and 11 registered annual growth rates in output per hour in the 2.5-4.9 percent 
range.  Unit labor costs declined in 12 of the 28 retail trade industries.  Productivity in the 
overall retail sector grew 2.4 percent per year during the 1990-2000 period.  Output 
increased 3.9 percent per year, while hours rose 1.4 percent.  Unit labor costs grew 1.2 
percent per year for the retail sector as a whole.

	From 1990 to 2000, all but 1 of the 9 industries in the finance and services sectors 
registered long-term labor productivity growth, with growth rates ranging from 0.3 
percent to 2.9 percent.  Unit labor costs rose in every industry in finance and services 
except barber shops (SIC 724).  In barber shops, unit labor costs dipped an average of 0.2 
percent per year.

	Eight of the nine industries in the transportation, communications, and utilities 
sectors posted gains in labor productivity during the 1990-2000 period.  Output per hour 
grew an average of 5.0 percent or more per year in two industries.  Unit labor costs 
increased in most of the industries.  Railroad transportation (SIC 4011) and telephone 
communications (SIC 481) were the exceptions.  Unit labor costs fell 2.0 percent per year 
and 0.8 percent per year, respectively, in these two industries.

	From 1990 to 2000, four of the five mining industries posted productivity gains.  
The two industries with the fastest growth in labor productivity also reduced unit labor 
costs.  In gold and silver ores (SIC 104), output per hour rose 7.0 percent per year and 
unit labor costs fell 1.7 percent per year.  In bituminous coal and lignite mining (SIC 
122), productivity increased 5.7 percent per year and unit labor costs decreased 2.8 
percent per year.


Productivity growth rates accelerate

	As the economic expansion of the 1990s progressed, productivity growth rates 
accelerated in the overall business sector.  Comparing the 1995-2000 period with the 
1990-95 period, productivity growth rates increased in 97 of the 170 published industries.  
(See table 3.)  In 19 industries, annual output per hour grew at least 5.0 percentage points 
faster in 1995-2000 than in 1990-95.  Another 33 industries posted annual productivity 
growth rates 2.0-4.9 percentage points above their 1990-95 rates.  All of the 21 industries 
that experienced productivity declines in the earlier period registered improved 
performance in the latter period, with decreases becoming increases in 16 of the 
industries.  The number of industries reducing unit labor costs also rose as the economic 
expansion continued.  (See table 4.)  The proportion of industries with falling unit labor 
costs increased from 31 percent in the 1990-95 period to 35 percent in the 1995-2000 
period.
	The acceleration in productivity growth was particularly evident in the retail trade 
sector.  By the latter half of the decade, all industries in this sector were experiencing 
rising labor productivity.  In 22 of the 28 retail trade industries, growth rates were higher 
in the 1995-2000 period than in the 1990-95 period.  The number of retail trade industries 
with declining unit labor costs showed little change between the periods.  Reflecting the 
pattern for individual industries, the retail sector as a whole exhibited stronger 
productivity gains in the latter part of the decade--output per hour grew 1.6 percent per 
year in the 1990-95 period and 3.2 percent per year in the 1995-2000 period.  Unit labor 
costs, however, rose in both periods--1.3 percent per year in 1990-95 and 1.1 percent per 
year in 1995-2000.Technical Note

Revisions

	The data in this news release reflect revisions to series as published in table 46 of 
the Monthly Labor Review and in the news releases Productivity and Costs: 
Manufacturing Industries, 1990-99 (released May 15, 2001) and Productivity and Costs: 
Service-Producing and Mining Industries, 1990-99 (released June 6, 2001).  Indexes of 
productivity by industry have been revised for the years 1978 to 1999 for many of the 
retail trade and services industries included in this news release.  These revisions are due 
to revisions in the research series Consumer Price Index (CPI-U-RS) used to develop 
deflators for most service-producing industries.  In addition, multifactor productivity 
measures have been revised to incorporate the revisions made to the measures for 1999 
and, in some cases, earlier years.  The revised series can be obtained in several ways: by 
visiting the Labor Productivity and Costs web site (http://www.bls.gov/lpc/home.htm); by 
visiting the Multifactor Productivity web site (http://www.bls.gov/mfp/home.htm); by 
calling the Division of Industry Productivity Studies (202-691-5618); or by sending a 
request by e-mail (dipsweb@bls.gov).

	Industry output indexes are prepared from basic data published by various public 
and private agencies, using the greatest level of detail available.  Data from the Bureau of 
the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, are used extensively in developing output 
statistics for manufacturing, trade, and service-producing industries.  Data for 
manufacturing and personal services industries from the 1997 Economic Censuses and 
1998, 1999, and 2000 Annual Surveys were published primarily on the basis of the new 
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS); earlier data and retail trade 
data for all years were published according to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 
system.  In order to update the productivity series for this news release, BLS converted 
the NAICS-based data to an SIC basis.  All of the measures for 2000 in this news release 
are preliminary and subject to revision.

Productivity measurement

	The industry productivity measures describe the relationship between output and 
the labor time involved in its production.  They show the changes from period to period 
in the amount of goods and services produced per hour.  Although these measures relate 
output to hours of employees or all persons engaged in an industry, they do not measure 
the specific contribution of labor, capital, or any other factor of production.  Rather, they 
reflect the joint effects of many influences, including changes in technology; capital 
investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the 
organization of production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and effort of the 
workforce.

	Year-to-year movements in productivity measures for some industries might be 
somewhat erratic, particularly in the smaller industries.  The annual changes in an 
industry's productivity are based on sample data, which are likely to differ from data 
generated by a census of establishments in the industry.  As a result, long-term trends 
tend to be more reliable indicators of the performance of an industry than are the year-to-
year changes.

Unit labor cost measurement

	The unit labor cost series in this release describe the cost of labor input required 
to produce one unit of output.  Unit labor costs are calculated as the ratio of current dollar 
labor compensation to constant dollar output.  The indexes of unit labor costs for each 
industry are computed by dividing an index of current dollar compensation by an index of 
constant dollar output.

	Compensation is a measure of the cost to the employer of securing the services of 
labor.  It is defined as payroll plus supplemental payments.  Payroll includes salaries, 
wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and 
compensation in kind.  Supplemental payments are divided into legally required 
expenditures and payments for voluntary programs.  The legally required expenditures 
include employers' contributions to Social Security, unemployment insurance taxes, and 
workers' compensation.  Payments for voluntary programs include all programs not 
specifically required by legislation, such as the employer portion of private health 
insurance and pension plans.

	The indexes of industry output used in measuring labor productivity and unit 
labor costs are, wherever possible, calculated with a Tornqvist formula.  This formula 
aggregates the growth rates of the various industry products between two periods using 
the products' shares in industry value of production, averaged over the two periods, as 
weights.

	Published productivity and unit labor cost data for 2-, 3-, and 4-digit SIC 
industries are available on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/lpc.htm.  Productivity series 
for additional industries have been withheld from publication because they do not meet 
BLS publication standards.  Unpublished data can be requested by phoning 202-691-5618 
or by sending e-mail to dipsweb@bls.gov.

	Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals 
upon request.  Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-
877-8339.

 
Table 1.   Annual percent change in output per hour and related series:  mining, manufacturing, and service-producing
industries, 1990-2000 and 1999-2000
                                                                            Annual percent change,       Annual percent change,
                                                                                  1990-2000                    1999-2000
                                                               2000     ----------------------------  ----------------------------
SIC                             Industry                   Employment(1)  Output            Employee    Output             Employee
code                                                       (thousands)  per hour(2) Output  hours(3)  per hour(2) Output   hours(3)

                                 Mining

102        Copper ores                                           11         1.8      -1.1      -2.8      11.4     -10.0     -19.2
104        Gold and silver ores                                  12         7.0       1.5      -5.1      21.5       4.7     -13.8
12         Coal mining                                           77         5.7      -0.7      -6.1       5.9      -3.6      -9.0
122        Bituminous coal and lignite mining                    72         5.7      -0.7      -6.1       6.2      -3.6      -9.3
13         Oil and gas extraction                               311         2.0      -0.7      -2.7      -4.3       0.2       4.7
131        Crude petroleum and natural gas                      125         3.9      -0.7      -4.5       6.0       0.2      -5.4
14         Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels                   114         0.2       0.6       0.5      -4.8      -3.3       1.6
142        Crushed and broken stone                              45         0.0       1.4       1.4      -3.0      -1.1       1.9

                             Manufacturing

201        Meat products                                        504         0.6       2.7       2.1       1.0       0.7      -0.3
202        Dairy products                                       146         0.6       0.2      -0.4       0.8       1.6       0.8
203        Preserved fruits and vegetables                      220         2.6       1.6      -1.0       2.6       1.2      -1.4
204        Grain mill products                                  124         1.9       1.7      -0.2      -1.4      -1.1       0.3
205        Bakery products                                      204         1.5       1.2      -0.3       1.2       0.8      -0.4
206        Sugar and confectionery products                      92         2.4       1.9      -0.5       2.8       4.2       1.4
207        Fats and oils                                         28         2.5       0.8      -1.7      -1.9      -6.6      -4.7
208        Beverages                                            187         0.9       1.5       0.6      -0.9       1.1       2.0
209        Miscellaneous food and kindred products              180         1.6       1.2      -0.4       2.1       1.7      -0.5
211        Cigarettes                                            23         2.1      -1.2      -3.3       1.1       1.5       0.4

221        Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton                       62         3.1      -0.4      -3.4       0.6      -5.4      -6.0
222        Broadwoven fabric mills, manmade                      55         4.2       0.8      -3.2      -4.5      -9.2      -4.9
224        Narrow fabric mills                                   20         2.0       0.2      -1.7      -6.2      -6.0       0.3
225        Knitting mills                                       126         3.8      -1.1      -4.7       6.1      -5.4     -10.8
226        Textile finishing, except wool                        58         1.5       0.9      -0.7       3.0      -2.6      -5.4
227        Carpets and rugs                                      66         1.0       1.9       0.9       7.3       8.9       1.5
228        Yarn and thread mills                                 81         3.5       1.6      -1.8      -1.4      -2.7      -1.3
229        Miscellaneous textile goods                           54         2.1       2.6       0.4       5.0       1.9      -3.0
232        Men's and boys' furnishings                          131         7.0      -0.4      -6.9       4.9      -9.2     -13.5
233        Women's and misses' outerwear                        185         6.2       0.7      -5.1       9.2       0.2      -8.3

234        Women's and children's undergarments                  21        13.2       0.8     -11.0      19.6      -8.7     -23.7
235        Hats, caps, and millinery                             15         1.7       1.1      -0.6       6.8       5.9      -0.8
238        Miscellaneous apparel and accessories                 30         2.1      -2.0      -4.0       5.2       3.4      -1.7
239        Miscellaneous fabricated textile products            215         2.9       3.6       0.7       2.8       1.6      -1.2
242        Sawmills and planing mills                           185         2.2       1.7      -0.5      -0.8      -0.6       0.3
243        Millwork, plywood, and structural members            335        -0.7       2.3       3.0       2.6       5.7       3.0
244        Wood containers                                       59        -0.6       2.2       2.9       0.7       3.1       2.4
245        Wood buildings and mobile homes                       91        -0.9       2.8       3.6      -5.7     -18.9     -14.1
249        Miscellaneous wood products                           83         3.1       3.0      -0.2       4.1       1.2      -2.8
251        Household furniture                                  293         2.1       2.4       0.4      -0.4       0.9       1.3

252        Office furniture                                      79         1.6       3.6       1.9       2.2       6.2       4.0
253        Public building and related furniture                 59         5.4      11.3       5.7      -9.2       3.8      14.3
254        Partitions and fixtures                               91         3.3       5.0       1.6       4.8       3.7      -1.0
259        Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures                  43         0.7       2.1       1.4      -7.2      -5.7       1.6
261        Pulp mills                                            13        -3.9      -4.4      -0.6      -7.1      -1.4       6.1
262        Paper mills                                          139         2.7      -0.1      -2.8       5.8      -1.3      -6.7
263        Paperboard mills                                      47         3.0       1.2      -1.7       0.3      -4.4      -4.7
265        Paperboard containers and boxes                      218         1.1       1.6       0.5       0.9      -0.7      -1.5
267        Miscellaneous converted paper products               240         2.4       2.2      -0.2       1.9      -0.8      -2.6
271        Newspapers                                           442        -0.3      -0.9      -0.6       2.7       3.0       0.3

272        Periodicals                                          149         1.6       3.0       1.4      -1.2       2.3       3.6
273        Books                                                126         0.9       1.5       0.6       0.0       1.5       1.5
274        Miscellaneous publishing                              95         3.3       4.6       1.2       0.5       3.3       2.7
275        Commercial printing                                  560         1.5       1.7       0.2       3.2       2.3      -0.9
276        Manifold business forms                               43        -2.9      -4.7      -1.8      -1.7      -8.3      -6.7
277        Greeting cards                                        25         0.4      -0.1      -0.6      -3.9      -7.0      -3.3
278        Blankbooks and bookbinding                            60         2.4       0.8      -1.5       1.9      -1.4      -3.2
279        Printing trade services                               47         1.9      -1.1      -2.9      -1.6      -5.2      -3.7
281        Industrial inorganic chemicals                        72         2.8      -0.3      -3.0      -4.9      -6.5      -1.8
282        Plastics materials and synthetics                    154         4.1       2.5      -1.6       1.6       0.0      -1.6

283        Drugs                                                315         0.2       3.3       3.0       0.6       6.9       6.3
284        Soaps, cleaners, and toilet goods                    155         1.9       1.5      -0.4       8.7       4.1      -4.2
285        Paints and allied products                            52         1.6       0.0      -1.5       1.6      -0.5      -2.0
286        Industrial organic chemicals                         120         2.3      -0.3      -2.6       6.0       0.2      -5.5
287        Agricultural chemicals                                51         0.7      -0.4      -1.0       7.0      -2.0      -8.5
289        Miscellaneous chemical products                       93         2.6       2.1      -0.5       1.9       2.9       1.0
291        Petroleum refining                                    85         5.1       1.4      -3.6       5.9       1.7      -4.0
295        Asphalt paving and roofing materials                  28         2.6       2.4      -0.1       2.2      -2.5      -4.6
299        Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products             15        -1.3       0.8       2.1      -4.2      -2.3       1.9
301        Tires and inner tubes                                 79         3.5       3.2      -0.3       2.6       4.1       1.5

305        Hose and belting and gaskets and packing              74         1.8       3.9       2.0       4.3       3.7      -0.6
306        Fabricated rubber products, n.e.c.                   108         2.9       3.3       0.4       5.7       3.1      -2.4
308        Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c.              744         3.2       5.1       1.8       3.2       2.9      -0.3
314        Footwear, except rubber                               28         3.8      -5.4      -8.8      10.3      -1.7     -10.9
321        Flat glass                                            16         5.2       4.0      -1.1       8.5       4.6      -3.6
322        Glass and glassware, pressed or blown                 67         2.6       0.6      -2.0      -2.5       1.0       3.6
323        Products of purchased glass                           66         4.0       5.2       1.2       5.4       4.4      -0.9
324        Cement, hydraulic                                     18         2.0       2.4       0.4      -1.2       2.2       3.5
325        Structural clay products                              34         1.3       0.5      -0.8       1.1       0.3      -0.7
326        Pottery and related products                          38         2.1       2.5       0.4      -0.7       0.5       1.1

327        Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products               248         0.3       2.5       2.2      -5.4      -2.0       3.7
329        Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products            72         2.0       1.3      -0.6       2.5      -1.8      -4.2
331        Blast furnace and basic steel products               225         3.9       2.2      -1.5       2.9       3.3       0.4
332        Iron and steel foundries                             123         2.2       2.1      -0.1       2.4      -0.2      -2.6
333        Primary nonferrous metals                             36         0.9      -1.4      -2.3      -5.0      -7.4      -2.6
335        Nonferrous rolling and drawing                       176         2.4       2.9       0.4      -2.8       1.2       4.1
336        Nonferrous foundries (castings)                       94         2.2       4.0       1.7       0.0       0.0       0.0
339        Miscellaneous primary metal products                  28         3.1       3.7       0.6       3.6       5.3       1.6
341        Metal cans and shipping containers                    36         3.1       0.2      -2.8       1.0       1.6       0.6
342        Cutlery, handtools, and hardware                     121         2.6       2.0      -0.6       2.9       1.1      -1.7

343        Plumbing and heating, except electric                 60         2.6       2.8       0.2       5.2       4.7      -0.5
344        Fabricated structural metal products                 498         1.3       3.3       1.9       0.0       4.3       4.3
346        Metal forgings and stampings                         255         3.1       4.9       1.7       1.2       1.5       0.3
347        Metal services, n.e.c.                               146         2.6       4.7       2.0       7.6       7.3      -0.2
348        Ordnance and accessories, n.e.c.                      38         1.2      -5.4      -6.5       2.0      -5.7      -7.5
349        Miscellaneous fabricated metal products              277         1.1       2.9       1.7      -0.2       2.9       3.0
351        Engines and turbines                                  85         4.4       4.0      -0.4       8.6       3.1      -5.0
352        Farm and garden machinery                             96         1.8       0.6      -1.2       8.6       6.6      -1.8
353        Construction and related machinery                   240         2.7       3.3       0.6       4.6       3.4      -1.2
354        Metalworking machinery                               330         2.5       2.4      -0.1       5.5       1.9      -3.4

355        Special industry machinery                           172         4.8       5.7       0.8      24.3      27.3       2.4
356        General industrial machinery                         251         1.6       1.7       0.2       5.0       3.7      -1.2
357        Computer and office equipment                        361        31.7      29.1      -2.0      16.6      13.8      -2.5
358        Refrigeration and service machinery                  212         1.7       4.0       2.3      -1.4      -0.3       1.1
359        Industrial machinery, n.e.c.                         373         2.8       4.6       1.7       4.4       7.8       3.2
361        Electric distribution equipment                       85         3.9       2.6      -1.3       4.3       7.8       3.3
362        Electrical industrial apparatus                      150         3.8       2.6      -1.2      -0.9      -0.4       0.4
363        Household appliances                                 116         4.4       3.6      -0.7       8.6       4.5      -3.7
364        Electric lighting and wiring equipment               183         3.0       3.0      -0.1       1.8       1.3      -0.5
366        Communications equipment                             290        13.7      14.7       0.8      20.7      31.2       8.7

367        Electronic components and accessories                682        26.9      29.1       1.8      35.5      44.1       6.3
369        Miscellaneous electrical equipment & supplies        146         5.6       4.2      -1.3       6.0       2.9      -3.0
371        Motor vehicles and equipment                        1013         2.2       4.8       2.6      -7.1      -8.5      -1.6
372        Aircraft and parts                                   465         2.9      -1.2      -4.0      -4.3      -9.7      -5.7
373        Ship and boat building and repairing                 166         1.6       0.1      -1.5       7.5       3.6      -3.7
374        Railroad equipment                                    36         4.5       5.4       0.8       2.7      -2.9      -5.4
375        Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts                      20         2.4       7.1       4.5      -2.4       2.0       4.6
376        Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts                73        -0.3      -9.2      -8.9     -27.4     -39.2     -16.3
381        Search and navigation equipment                      154         3.8      -2.5      -6.0       9.4       2.1      -6.6
382        Measuring and controlling devices                    302         4.1       3.4      -0.6       3.9       7.4       3.3

384        Medical instruments and supplies                     288         3.6       5.3       1.6       4.1       5.1       1.0
385        Ophthalmic goods                                      33         7.5       5.5      -1.9       6.4       5.5      -0.8
386        Photographic equipment & supplies                     70         4.6       1.1      -3.4       5.5       0.8      -4.4
391        Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware                  49         3.9       3.1      -0.8       7.9       3.1      -4.5
393        Musical instruments                                   17         0.8       3.7       2.9       8.4       9.4       1.0
394        Toys and sporting goods                              104         2.7       2.7       0.1      10.9      11.9       0.9
395        Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies               31         0.6      -0.8      -1.3       1.3      -1.0      -2.3
396        Costume jewelry and notions                           19         3.3      -2.8      -5.9      11.1       4.6      -5.8
399        Miscellaneous manufactures                           175         0.8       3.0       2.2       0.9       0.9       0.1

                             Transportation

4011       Railroad transportation                              194         5.1       2.7      -2.4       7.3       2.4      -4.6
4213       Trucking, except local                               917         1.7       3.6       1.9      -0.3       1.4       1.7
43         United States Postal Service(4)                      860         0.9       1.9       1.0       2.4       2.2      -0.2
4512,13,   Air transportation                                   740         1.8       4.4       2.6       1.5       5.6       4.0
  22(PTS)

                      Communications and Utilities

481        Telephone communications                            1134         5.9       8.3       2.3       8.0      12.8       4.4
483        Radio and television broadcasting                    255         0.5       1.7       1.2       1.4       3.9       2.5
484        Cable and other pay television services              216        -0.6       5.5       6.1       3.1       9.0       5.8
491,3(PT)  Electric utilities                                   471         4.4       1.9      -2.4       4.7       2.3      -2.3
492,3(PT)  Gas utilities                                        166         4.3       2.0      -2.2       9.1       4.8      -4.0

                              Retail Trade

           Retail trade                                       24507         2.4       3.9       1.4       4.1       5.3       1.2

52         Building materials, hardware, garden supply,        1050         3.7       5.9       2.2      -0.6       1.7       2.3
                 and mobile homes
521        Lumber and other building materials dealers          642         3.3       7.0       3.6       0.8       4.7       3.9
523        Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores                    70         4.8       3.8      -0.9       3.1       3.5       0.4
525        Hardware stores                                      178         2.4       1.9      -0.4      -1.3      -1.1       0.2
526        Retail nurseries, lawn and garden supply stores      112         6.2       6.7       0.4       2.7       5.4       2.6
53         General merchandise stores                          2843         5.3       6.6       1.3       9.5       8.7      -0.7
531        Department stores                                   2491         5.2       7.0       1.7       9.9       8.9      -0.9
533        Variety stores                                       160         7.9       6.6      -1.2       5.1      14.2       8.7
539        Miscellaneous general merchandise stores             193         6.6       5.0      -1.5      12.4       7.0      -4.8

54         Food stores                                         3639        -0.2       0.5       0.7       1.3       2.3       1.0
541        Grocery stores                                      3179        -0.1       0.5       0.5       0.8       2.1       1.4
542        Meat and fish (seafood) markets                       57         1.1       0.5      -0.5      12.9       8.8      -3.6
546        Retail bakeries                                      214        -0.3       1.4       1.7       6.3       5.3      -0.9
55         Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations    2508         1.9       2.8       0.9       0.5       3.3       2.7
551        New and used car dealers                            1114         0.5       2.3       1.8       0.7       4.3       3.5
553        Auto and home supply stores                          428         1.4       2.9       1.5       3.3       3.4       0.1
554        Gasoline service stations                            671         3.0       1.9      -1.1      -1.9      -2.6      -0.6

56         Apparel and accessory stores                        1243         5.5       4.9      -0.5       6.6       6.9       0.3
561        Men's and boys' wear stores                           86         3.6       1.0      -2.5       6.8       4.0      -2.7
562        Women's clothing stores                              293         6.8       2.7      -3.8       8.1       9.2       1.0
565        Family clothing stores                               456         4.1       7.8       3.6       2.9       6.4       3.4
566        Shoe stores                                          204         4.0       2.3      -1.7       4.8       2.2      -2.5
57         Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores   1239         7.0       9.3       2.2      10.2      12.1       1.7
571        Furniture and homefurnishings stores                 649         3.0       4.5       1.5       4.8       8.0       3.0
572        Household appliance stores                            79         7.2       4.8      -2.2      12.3       9.7      -2.3
573        Radio, television, computer, and music stores        510        11.5      16.3       4.2      16.3      16.9       0.6

58         Eating and drinking places(5)                       8338         0.3       2.4       2.2       3.1       4.9       1.7
59         Miscellaneous merchandise stores                    3647         4.3       5.7       1.4       8.2       8.4       0.2
591        Drug and proprietary stores                          685         2.6       3.5       0.9       5.5       5.7       0.3
592        Liquor stores                                        139         1.9       0.6      -1.3      11.5       4.1      -6.7
593        Used merchandise stores                              209         7.7      11.9       3.9      18.3      17.2      -0.9
594        Miscellaneous shopping goods stores                 1254         3.4       5.1       1.7       4.8       7.3       2.4
596        Nonstore retailers                                   576         9.0      11.3       2.1      19.3      16.1      -2.7
598        Fuel dealers                                          98         3.3       1.5      -1.7       1.8      -1.8      -3.5
599        Retail stores, n.e.c.                                686         3.9       5.5       1.5       3.5       4.5       1.0

                          Finance and Services

602        Commercial banks                                    1430         2.9       2.0      -0.9       5.4       3.1      -2.2
701        Hotels and motels                                   1874         1.7       3.3       1.6       3.8       8.6       4.6
72         Personal services                                   1847         1.2       2.2       1.0       1.6       3.5       1.9
721        Laundry, cleaning, and garment services              518         1.9       1.8      -0.1       2.2       0.9      -1.3
722        Photographic studios, portrait                        86         1.3       3.5       2.1       4.0       4.0       0.0
723        Beauty shops                                         759         1.6       2.9       1.3       1.0       5.8       4.7
724        Barber shops                                          62         2.6       0.4      -2.1      -2.2       1.3       3.5
726        Funeral services and crematories                     107         0.3       0.4       0.1      -6.2      -3.5       2.9
753        Automotive repair shops                              917         1.8       3.0       1.2       1.7       2.2       0.5
783        Motion picture theaters                              139        -0.5       1.7       2.2       3.3       3.1      -0.2


     1  Employment figures are based primarily on data from the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program and the
Current Population Survey (CPS).  Other sources are:  the Association of American Railroads, the Department of Transportation,
and the U.S. Postal Service.
     2  Output per employee hour is measured in mining, manufacturing, transportation, communications, and SICs 531, 551, 602, and 783.
Output per hour of all persons is used for all other trade and services industries.  All persons include self-employed and unpaid family
workers as well as employees.  In SICs 4213 and 4512,13,22(pts), output per employee hour is based on output per employee with the
assumption of constant average weekly hours.
     3  Employee hours are measured in mining, manufacturing, transportation, communications, and SICs 531, 551, 602, and 783.
Hours of all persons are used for all other trade and services industries.  All persons includes self-employed and unpaid family
workers as well as employees.  In SICs 4213 and 4512,13,22(pts), employee hours are based on employees with the assumption
of constant average weekly hours.
     4  The United States Postal Service, SIC 43, is also designated in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and is identical
to the three-digit SIC Group Number, SIC 431, and the four-digit SIC Industry Number, SIC 4311.  Employee hours in SIC 43 are based
on the number of full-time equivalent (FTE) employee years, as reported in the U.S. Postal Service budget.  FTE employee years
are computed by dividing total hours of full-time, part-time, and intermittent workers by the number of hours in a standard work year.
The output and hours for SIC 43 reflect the Federal fiscal year.
     5  Eating and drinking places, SIC 58, is also designated in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and is identical to the
three-digit SIC Group Number, SIC 581.
 
Table 2.  Annual percent change in total compensation, output, and unit labor costs:  mining, manufacturing, and service-producing
industries, 1990-2000 and 1999-2000
                                                                            Annual percent change,        Annual percent change,
                                                                                  1990-2000                       1999-2000
                                                                        -----------------------------  --------------------------
                                                               2000       Total               Unit      Total               Unit 
SIC                             Industry                   Employment(1)  compen-             labor     compen-             labor 
code                                                       (thousands)    sation    Output    costs     sation   Output     costs

                                 Mining

102        Copper ores                                           11         0.3      -1.1       1.5     -29.3     -10.0     -21.4
104        Gold and silver ores                                  12        -0.2       1.5      -1.7     -10.1       4.7     -14.1
12         Coal mining                                           77        -3.8      -0.7      -3.1      -6.6      -3.6      -3.1
122        Bituminous coal and lignite mining                    72        -3.5      -0.7      -2.8      -7.3      -3.6      -3.8
13         Oil and gas extraction                               311         3.7      -0.7       4.5      13.2       0.2      13.0
131        Crude petroleum and natural gas                      125         2.6      -0.7       3.4       7.6       0.2       7.4
14         Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels                   114         3.7       0.6       3.0       1.9      -3.3       5.4
142        Crushed and broken stone                              45         4.7       1.4       3.3       3.3      -1.1       4.4

                             Manufacturing

201        Meat products                                        504         5.1       2.7       2.3       2.6       0.7       1.9
202        Dairy products                                       146         2.7       0.2       2.5       5.0       1.6       3.4
203        Preserved fruits and vegetables                      220         2.7       1.6       1.1       2.3       1.2       1.2
204        Grain mill products                                  124         2.6       1.7       0.9       2.8      -1.1       4.0
205        Bakery products                                      204         3.8       1.2       2.6       3.0       0.8       2.2
206        Sugar and confectionery products                      92         2.5       1.9       0.6       3.4       4.2      -0.8
207        Fats and oils                                         28         1.9       0.8       1.1      -1.5      -6.6       5.4
208        Beverages                                            187         2.8       1.5       1.2       7.2       1.1       6.1
209        Miscellaneous food and kindred products              180         3.0       1.2       1.8       3.8       1.7       2.0
211        Cigarettes                                            23        -0.4      -1.2       0.9       0.1       1.5      -1.3

221        Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton                       62        -0.9      -0.4      -0.5      -4.2      -5.4       1.3
222        Broadwoven fabric mills, manmade                      55         0.6       0.8      -0.3      -4.2      -9.2       5.5
224        Narrow fabric mills                                   20         3.3       0.2       3.1       5.4      -6.0      12.1
225        Knitting mills                                       126        -0.9      -1.1       0.2      -4.9      -5.4       0.4
226        Textile finishing, except wool                        58         2.5       0.9       1.7      -2.2      -2.6       0.4
227        Carpets and rugs                                      66         2.7       1.9       0.8       3.3       8.9      -5.1
228        Yarn and thread mills                                 81         0.7       1.6      -0.9      -0.6      -2.7       2.1
229        Miscellaneous textile goods                           54         4.1       2.6       1.5       5.2       1.9       3.3
232        Men's and boys' furnishings                          131        -2.6      -0.4      -2.2     -12.8      -9.2      -3.9
233        Women's and misses' outerwear                        185        -2.1       0.7      -2.8      -5.0       0.2      -5.2

234        Women's and children's undergarments                  21        -6.3       0.8      -7.0     -10.5      -8.7      -1.9
235        Hats, caps, and millinery                             15         3.2       1.1       2.0       0.2       5.9      -5.4
238        Miscellaneous apparel and accessories                 30        -1.3      -2.0       0.7       2.8       3.4      -0.6
239        Miscellaneous fabricated textile products            215         5.2       3.6       1.6       1.2       1.6      -0.4
242        Sawmills and planing mills                           185         3.5       1.7       1.8       1.8      -0.6       2.3
243        Millwork, plywood, and structural members            335         5.5       2.3       3.1       6.0       5.7       0.3
244        Wood containers                                       59         5.6       2.2       3.3       5.7       3.1       2.5
245        Wood buildings and mobile homes                       91         7.1       2.8       4.3     -10.2     -18.9      10.8
249        Miscellaneous wood products                           83         4.0       3.0       1.0       1.4       1.2       0.2
251        Household furniture                                  293         3.6       2.4       1.1       2.3       0.9       1.4

252        Office furniture                                      79         3.6       3.6       0.0       5.3       6.2      -0.9
253        Public building and related furniture                 59         9.4      11.3      -1.7       0.1       3.8      -3.5
254        Partitions and fixtures                               91         6.8       5.0       1.8       5.9       3.7       2.1
259        Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures                  43         4.3       2.1       2.2       1.9      -5.7       8.1
261        Pulp mills                                            13        -4.6      -4.4      -0.2       6.2      -1.4       7.8
262        Paper mills                                          139         0.5      -0.1       0.6      -3.4      -1.3      -2.1
263        Paperboard mills                                      47         3.0       1.2       1.7       0.7      -4.4       5.3
265        Paperboard containers and boxes                      218         3.8       1.6       2.2       2.0      -0.7       2.7
267        Miscellaneous converted paper products               240         3.5       2.2       1.3       0.5      -0.8       1.4
271        Newspapers                                           442         2.6      -0.9       3.5       4.9       3.0       1.9

272        Periodicals                                          149         8.3       3.0       5.1      15.1       2.3      12.4
273        Books                                                126         4.8       1.5       3.2       3.8       1.5       2.3
274        Miscellaneous publishing                              95         8.3       4.6       3.6      11.2       3.3       7.7
275        Commercial printing                                  560         3.6       1.7       1.9       3.2       2.3       0.9
276        Manifold business forms                               43        -0.9      -4.7       4.0       0.0      -8.3       9.1
277        Greeting cards                                        25         0.0      -0.1       0.1       1.2      -7.0       8.8
278        Blankbooks and bookbinding                            60         1.7       0.8       0.9       1.7      -1.4       3.2
279        Printing trade services                               47        -0.4      -1.1       0.7      -1.1      -5.2       4.3
281        Industrial inorganic chemicals                        72         0.5      -0.3       0.8      -0.3      -6.5       6.7
282        Plastics materials and synthetics                    154         1.6       2.5      -0.9      -2.1       0.0      -2.1

283        Drugs                                                315         5.9       3.3       2.6       5.2       6.9      -1.6
284        Soaps, cleaners, and toilet goods                    155         2.1       1.5       0.6       3.1       4.1      -0.9
285        Paints and allied products                            52         3.1       0.0       3.1       3.6      -0.5       4.1
286        Industrial organic chemicals                         120         2.8      -0.3       3.0       2.4       0.2       2.2
287        Agricultural chemicals                                51         1.4      -0.4       1.8       1.2      -2.0       3.3
289        Miscellaneous chemical products                       93         3.2       2.1       1.1       3.3       2.9       0.3
291        Petroleum refining                                    85         2.3       1.4       0.9      -0.2       1.7      -1.9
295        Asphalt paving and roofing materials                  28         2.1       2.4      -0.3      -1.9      -2.5       0.6
299        Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products             15         2.6       0.8       1.9       2.0      -2.3       4.4
301        Tires and inner tubes                                 79         3.2       3.2       0.0       5.1       4.1       0.9

305        Hose and belting and gaskets and packing              74         5.0       3.9       1.1       5.2       3.7       1.4
306        Fabricated rubber products, n.e.c.                   108         3.8       3.3       0.5       3.7       3.1       0.5
308        Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c.              744         5.5       5.1       0.4       4.3       2.9       1.4
314        Footwear, except rubber                               28        -4.8      -5.4       0.6     -10.5      -1.7      -9.0
321        Flat glass                                            16         0.7       4.0      -3.2      -1.5       4.6      -5.8
322        Glass and glassware, pressed or blown                 67         0.9       0.6       0.3       3.4       1.0       2.4
323        Products of purchased glass                           66         5.5       5.2       0.3       6.4       4.4       1.9
324        Cement, hydraulic                                     18         3.4       2.4       1.0       2.6       2.2       0.5
325        Structural clay products                              34         1.6       0.5       1.1       3.1       0.3       2.8
326        Pottery and related products                          38         2.7       2.5       0.2       0.2       0.5      -0.2

327        Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products               248         5.1       2.5       2.5       4.0      -2.0       6.1
329        Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products            72         2.7       1.3       1.4       1.5      -1.8       3.3
331        Blast furnace and basic steel products               225         0.9       2.2      -1.3       4.1       3.3       0.8
332        Iron and steel foundries                             123         2.4       2.1       0.3       0.9      -0.2       1.1
333        Primary nonferrous metals                             36        -0.9      -1.4       0.5      -6.8      -7.4       0.7
335        Nonferrous rolling and drawing                       176         3.1       2.9       0.2       3.5       1.2       2.3
336        Nonferrous foundries (castings)                       94         4.0       4.0       0.0       0.5       0.0       0.5
339        Miscellaneous primary metal products                  28         3.2       3.7      -0.5       3.8       5.3      -1.4
341        Metal cans and shipping containers                    36        -1.3       0.2      -1.5      -2.7       1.6      -4.2
342        Cutlery, handtools, and hardware                     121         2.7       2.0       0.7       2.6       1.1       1.5

343        Plumbing and heating, except electric                 60         4.3       2.8       1.5       6.0       4.7       1.2
344        Fabricated structural metal products                 498         4.4       3.3       1.1       3.8       4.3      -0.4
346        Metal forgings and stampings                         255         3.6       4.9      -1.2       4.6       1.5       3.0
347        Metal services, n.e.c.                               146         4.9       4.7       0.3       5.2       7.3      -2.0
348        Ordnance and accessories, n.e.c.                      38        -5.4      -5.4      -0.1      -0.3      -5.7       5.7
349        Miscellaneous fabricated metal products              277         4.1       2.9       1.2       3.9       2.9       1.0
351        Engines and turbines                                  85         1.6       4.0      -2.3      -0.1       3.1      -3.1
352        Farm and garden machinery                             96         2.4       0.6       1.8       1.3       6.6      -4.9
353        Construction and related machinery                   240         3.3       3.3       0.0       2.1       3.4      -1.3
354        Metalworking machinery                               330         3.5       2.4       1.0       2.3       1.9       0.4

355        Special industry machinery                           172         4.9       5.7      -0.7      10.3      27.3     -13.3
356        General industrial machinery                         251         3.2       1.7       1.4       2.2       3.7      -1.5
357        Computer and office equipment                        361         0.7      29.1     -22.0      -4.0      13.8     -15.6
358        Refrigeration and service machinery                  212         4.2       4.0       0.2       1.4      -0.3       1.7
359        Industrial machinery, n.e.c.                         373         4.8       4.6       0.2       6.0       7.8      -1.7
361        Electric distribution equipment                       85         2.7       2.6       0.1       3.8       7.8      -3.7
362        Electrical industrial apparatus                      150         2.7       2.6       0.0      -1.0      -0.4      -0.6
363        Household appliances                                 116         3.7       3.6       0.1       5.2       4.5       0.7
364        Electric lighting and wiring equipment               183         2.8       3.0      -0.1       1.8       1.3       0.5
366        Communications equipment                             290         6.3      14.7      -7.3      16.0      31.2     -11.5

367        Electronic components and accessories                682         5.8      29.1     -18.1      11.0      44.1     -22.9
369        Miscellaneous electrical equipment & supplies        146         2.6       4.2      -1.5       4.3       2.9       1.4
371        Motor vehicles and equipment                        1013         4.8       4.8      -0.1       1.7      -8.5      11.1
372        Aircraft and parts                                   465        -1.0      -1.2       0.2      -2.6      -9.7       7.8
373        Ship and boat building and repairing                 166         0.7       0.1       0.6       5.8       3.6       2.1
374        Railroad equipment                                    36         4.3       5.4      -1.0       0.7      -2.9       3.8
375        Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts                      20        12.2       7.1       4.8       8.8       2.0       6.6
376        Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts                73        -7.6      -9.2       1.8     -20.1     -39.2      31.4
381        Search and navigation equipment                      154        -2.2      -2.5       0.2       5.7       2.1       3.5
382        Measuring and controlling devices                    302         2.9       3.4      -0.5       4.4       7.4      -2.8

384        Medical instruments and supplies                     288         5.7       5.3       0.4       3.5       5.1      -1.6
385        Ophthalmic goods                                      33         3.3       5.5      -2.0       1.8       5.5      -3.5
386        Photographic equipment & supplies                     70        -1.1       1.1      -2.2      -4.8       0.8      -5.6
391        Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware                  49         2.7       3.1      -0.3       5.9       3.1       2.7
393        Musical instruments                                   17         6.7       3.7       2.9      10.5       9.4       1.0
394        Toys and sporting goods                              104         3.7       2.7       0.9      10.9      11.9      -0.9
395        Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies               31         1.4      -0.8       2.2       1.0      -1.0       2.1
396        Costume jewelry and notions                           19         0.0      -2.8       3.0       2.9       4.6      -1.7
399        Miscellaneous manufactures                           175         4.3       3.0       1.3       2.2       0.9       1.2

                             Transportation

4011       Railroad transportation                              194         0.6       2.7      -2.0      -1.4       2.4      -3.7
4213       Trucking, except local                               917         5.0       3.6       1.4       4.5       1.4       3.0
43         United States Postal Service(2)                      860         4.1       1.9       2.1       4.6       2.2       2.4
4512,13,   Air transportation                                   740         5.2       4.4       0.8       8.8       5.6       3.1
  22(PTS)

                      Communications and Utilities

481        Telephone communications                            1134         7.5       8.3      -0.8      10.4      12.8      -2.1
483        Radio and television broadcasting                    255         5.6       1.7       3.9      10.7       3.9       6.5
484        Cable and other pay television services              216        12.1       5.5       6.2       8.8       9.0      -0.1
491,3(PT)  Electric utilities                                   471         2.6       1.9       0.7       7.8       2.3       5.4
492,3(PT)  Gas utilities                                        166         3.1       2.0       1.1       7.8       4.8       2.9

                              Retail Trade

           Retail trade                                       24507         5.1       3.9       1.2       6.2       5.3       0.9

52         Building materials, hardware, garden supply,        1050         6.0       5.9       0.0       5.9       1.7       4.1
                 and mobile homes
521        Lumber and other building materials dealers          642         7.3       7.0       0.3       8.3       4.7       3.4
523        Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores                    70         2.6       3.8      -1.2       3.3       3.5      -0.2
525        Hardware stores                                      178         3.4       1.9       1.4       5.1      -1.1       6.3
526        Retail nurseries, lawn and garden supply stores      112         3.9       6.7      -2.5       4.8       5.4      -0.5
53         General merchandise stores                          2843         4.6       6.6      -1.9       8.4       8.7      -0.3
531        Department stores                                   2491         5.1       7.0      -1.8       8.2       8.9      -0.6
533        Variety stores                                       160         0.8       6.6      -5.5      14.4      14.2       0.2
539        Miscellaneous general merchandise stores             193         1.5       5.0      -3.3       7.8       7.0       0.8

54         Food stores                                         3639         3.4       0.5       2.9       3.6       2.3       1.2
541        Grocery stores                                      3179         3.3       0.5       2.8       3.8       2.1       1.6
542        Meat and fish (seafood) markets                       57         1.1       0.5       0.6      -0.8       8.8      -8.8
546        Retail bakeries                                      214         5.2       1.4       3.7       2.7       5.3      -2.5
55         Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations    2508         5.3       2.8       2.4       5.7       3.3       2.3
551        New and used car dealers                            1114         6.1       2.3       3.7       6.1       4.3       1.7
553        Auto and home supply stores                          428         4.4       2.9       1.4       2.3       3.4      -1.1
554        Gasoline service stations                            671         2.3       1.9       0.4       0.3      -2.6       3.0

56         Apparel and accessory stores                        1243         3.6       4.9      -1.2       6.6       6.9      -0.3
561        Men's and boys' wear stores                           86         0.6       1.0      -0.4       2.8       4.0      -1.2
562        Women's clothing stores                              293         0.6       2.7      -2.1       7.4       9.2      -1.7
565        Family clothing stores                               456         7.9       7.8       0.1      11.5       6.4       4.8
566        Shoe stores                                          204         2.5       2.3       0.2       3.6       2.2       1.4
57         Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores   1239         6.6       9.3      -2.5       8.4      12.1      -3.3
571        Furniture and homefurnishings stores                 649         5.2       4.5       0.7       6.9       8.0      -1.1
572        Household appliance stores                            79         0.1       4.8      -4.5      -0.9       9.7      -9.7
573        Radio, television, computer, and music stores        510         9.8      16.3      -5.6      11.3      16.9      -4.8

58         Eating and drinking places(3)                       8338         5.8       2.4       3.3       6.5       4.9       1.6
59         Miscellaneous merchandise stores                    3647         5.7       5.7      -0.1       6.3       8.4      -1.9
591        Drug and proprietary stores                          685         5.5       3.5       1.9       7.1       5.7       1.3
592        Liquor stores                                        139         2.7       0.6       2.1      -2.1       4.1      -5.9
593        Used merchandise stores                              209         7.5      11.9      -4.0       3.7      17.2     -11.5
594        Miscellaneous shopping goods stores                 1254         5.3       5.1       0.2       6.7       7.3      -0.6
596        Nonstore retailers                                   576         8.6      11.3      -2.4      10.9      16.1      -4.5
598        Fuel dealers                                          98         1.9       1.5       0.4       2.9      -1.8       4.7
599        Retail stores, n.e.c.                                686         4.9       5.5      -0.6       2.8       4.5      -1.6

                          Finance and Services

602        Commercial banks                                    1430         5.5       2.0       3.5       3.6       3.1       0.5
701        Hotels and motels                                   1874         5.7       3.3       2.3       8.4       8.6      -0.2
72         Personal services                                   1847         4.8       2.2       2.6       5.9       3.5       2.2
721        Laundry, cleaning, and garment services              518         3.5       1.8       1.6       4.1       0.9       3.1
722        Photographic studios, portrait                        86         4.8       3.5       1.2       5.6       4.0       1.6
723        Beauty shops                                         759         5.8       2.9       2.8      10.6       5.8       4.5
724        Barber shops                                          62         0.3       0.4      -0.2       1.0       1.3      -0.2
726        Funeral services and crematories                     107         4.1       0.4       3.7       2.7      -3.5       6.4
753        Automotive repair shops                              917         4.7       3.0       1.7       5.9       2.2       3.7
783        Motion picture theaters                              139         3.8       1.7       2.1      -3.1       3.1      -6.0


     1  Employment figures are based primarily on data from the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program and the
Current Population Survey (CPS).  Other sources are:  the Association of American Railroads, the Department of Transportation,
and the U.S. Postal Service.
     2  The United States Postal Service, SIC 43, is also designated in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and is identical
to the three-digit SIC Group Number, SIC 431, and the four-digit SIC Industry Number, SIC 4311.
     3  Eating and drinking places, SIC 58, is also designated in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and is identical to the
three-digit SIC Group Number, SIC 581.
 
Table 3.   Annual percent change in output per hour and related series:  mining, manufacturing, and service-producing
industries, 1990-95 and 1995-2000
                                                                           Annual percent change,       Annual percent change,
                                                                                    1990-95                  1995-2000
                                                               2000     ----------------------------  ----------------------------
SIC                             Industry                   Employment(1)  Output            Employee   Output             Employee
code                                                       (thousands)  per hour(2) Output  hours(3)  per hour(2) Output   hours(3)

                                 Mining

102        Copper ores                                           11         2.7       2.9       0.2       0.9      -4.9      -5.7
104        Gold and silver ores                                  12         3.3       1.0      -2.3      10.7       2.1      -7.8
12         Coal mining                                           77         5.6      -0.9      -6.2       5.9      -0.4      -6.0
122        Bituminous coal and lignite mining                    72         5.6      -1.0      -6.2       5.8      -0.4      -5.9
13         Oil and gas extraction                               311         3.4      -0.7      -4.0       0.6      -0.8      -1.4
131        Crude petroleum and natural gas                      125         4.3      -0.7      -4.8       3.6      -0.8      -4.2
14         Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels                   114         0.6       0.1      -0.5      -0.2       1.2       1.4
142        Crushed and broken stone                              45         0.6       0.8       0.2      -0.7       2.0       2.7

                             Manufacturing

201        Meat products                                        504         1.1       3.6       2.6       0.1       1.8       1.7
202        Dairy products                                       146         1.7       1.0      -0.6      -0.5      -0.6      -0.1
203        Preserved fruits and vegetables                      220         2.7       2.3      -0.3       2.5       0.9      -1.6
204        Grain mill products                                  124         1.8       2.1       0.3       2.0       1.4      -0.6
205        Bakery products                                      204         1.0       0.9      -0.1       2.0       1.4      -0.6
206        Sugar and confectionery products                      92         1.0       1.0       0.1       3.8       2.8      -1.0
207        Fats and oils                                         28         0.4       0.4       0.1       4.7       1.2      -3.4
208        Beverages                                            187         2.7       1.8      -0.8      -0.7       1.3       2.0
209        Miscellaneous food and kindred products              180         0.7       0.9       0.2       2.5       1.4      -1.0
211        Cigarettes                                            23         4.8       1.0      -3.6      -0.5      -3.4      -2.9

221        Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton                       62         5.4       3.2      -2.1       0.9      -3.9      -4.8
222        Broadwoven fabric mills, manmade                      55         5.5       3.5      -1.9       2.9      -1.7      -4.5
224        Narrow fabric mills                                   20         4.3       3.2      -1.0      -0.3      -2.6      -2.3
225        Knitting mills                                       126         5.2       4.6      -0.6       2.4      -6.5      -8.7
226        Textile finishing, except wool                        58        -1.2       1.8       3.0       4.4       0.0      -4.2
227        Carpets and rugs                                      66         0.6       1.2       0.6       1.4       2.7       1.2
228        Yarn and thread mills                                 81         4.5       3.3      -1.2       2.5       0.0      -2.4
229        Miscellaneous textile goods                           54         2.5       3.2       0.6       1.7       1.9       0.3
232        Men's and boys' furnishings                          131         3.9       2.2      -1.6      10.2      -3.0     -12.0
233        Women's and misses' outerwear                        185         5.4       2.5      -2.8       7.0      -1.0      -7.4

234        Women's and children's undergarments                  21         9.6       3.8      -5.2      16.9      -2.2     -16.4
235        Hats, caps, and millinery                             15        -1.1       3.2       4.4       4.7      -0.8      -5.3
238        Miscellaneous apparel and accessories                 30         5.2       1.0      -4.0      -1.0      -4.9      -4.0
239        Miscellaneous fabricated textile products            215         1.8       3.6       1.8       3.9       3.6      -0.4
242        Sawmills and planing mills                           185         2.0       1.0      -1.0       2.5       2.4       0.0
243        Millwork, plywood, and structural members            335        -1.1       0.6       1.7      -0.3       4.0       4.3
244        Wood containers                                       59        -0.9       1.4       2.3      -0.3       3.1       3.4
245        Wood buildings and mobile homes                       91        -1.2       5.9       7.2      -0.5      -0.3       0.2
249        Miscellaneous wood products                           83         1.4       2.1       0.7       4.9       3.9      -1.0
251        Household furniture                                  293         2.3       1.7      -0.5       1.9       3.2       1.2

252        Office furniture                                      79         1.3       0.0      -1.3       1.9       7.3       5.2
253        Public building and related furniture                 59         7.7      13.7       5.6       3.1       9.0       5.7
254        Partitions and fixtures                               91         1.1       3.4       2.2       5.5       6.6       1.1
259        Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures                  43         1.2       1.5       0.3       0.1       2.6       2.5
261        Pulp mills                                            13         2.5       1.1      -1.4      -9.8      -9.6       0.2
262        Paper mills                                          139         3.0       1.2      -1.8       2.4      -1.4      -3.7
263        Paperboard mills                                      47         3.5       2.9      -0.5       2.5      -0.5      -2.9
265        Paperboard containers and boxes                      218         0.7       1.8       1.0       1.4       1.4       0.0
267        Miscellaneous converted paper products               240         2.2       2.4       0.1       2.5       2.0      -0.5
271        Newspapers                                           442        -2.7      -3.9      -1.2       2.3       2.2       0.0

272        Periodicals                                          149        -1.3      -1.2       0.2       4.6       7.4       2.7
273        Books                                                126         1.0       1.8       0.8       0.9       1.3       0.4
274        Miscellaneous publishing                              95         0.6       1.2       0.6       6.2       8.1       1.8
275        Commercial printing                                  560         0.9       1.5       0.6       2.1       1.9      -0.1
276        Manifold business forms                               43        -3.7      -5.8      -2.1      -2.0      -3.6      -1.6
277        Greeting cards                                        25        -1.7      -1.1       0.5       2.6       0.9      -1.7
278        Blankbooks and bookbinding                            60         1.8       1.6      -0.2       3.0       0.1      -2.8
279        Printing trade services                               47         3.3       0.0      -3.2       0.5      -2.1      -2.6
281        Industrial inorganic chemicals                        72         0.5      -1.5      -2.0       5.3       1.1      -4.0
282        Plastics materials and synthetics                    154         4.9       2.8      -2.0       3.3       2.2      -1.1

283        Drugs                                                315         0.9       2.9       1.9      -0.5       3.7       4.1
284        Soaps, cleaners, and toilet goods                    155         2.7       1.9      -0.8       1.0       1.1       0.0
285        Paints and allied products                            52         2.1       0.3      -1.8       1.1      -0.2      -1.3
286        Industrial organic chemicals                         120        -0.6      -1.7      -1.2       5.3       1.2      -3.9
287        Agricultural chemicals                                51         0.7      -0.1      -0.8       0.6      -0.7      -1.3
289        Miscellaneous chemical products                       93         2.1       0.9      -1.1       3.1       3.2       0.1
291        Petroleum refining                                    85         3.9       1.2      -2.7       6.4       1.6      -4.5
295        Asphalt paving and roofing materials                  28         2.6       2.0      -0.6       2.5       2.9       0.3
299        Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products             15        -1.6       0.9       2.6      -1.0       0.6       1.6
301        Tires and inner tubes                                 79         4.9       4.4      -0.5       2.2       2.0      -0.1

305        Hose and belting and gaskets and packing              74         1.7       4.0       2.3       2.0       3.8       1.8
306        Fabricated rubber products, n.e.c.                   108         2.2       3.6       1.4       3.6       2.9      -0.6
308        Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c.              744         2.7       5.6       2.7       3.7       4.6       0.8
314        Footwear, except rubber                               28         3.0      -3.6      -6.4       4.5      -7.1     -11.1
321        Flat glass                                            16         3.3       1.7      -1.6       7.1       6.3      -0.7
322        Glass and glassware, pressed or blown                 67         2.0       0.2      -1.8       3.3       0.9      -2.2
323        Products of purchased glass                           66         2.8       4.0       1.3       5.3       6.5       1.1
324        Cement, hydraulic                                     18         2.0       2.1       0.1       2.0       2.7       0.7
325        Structural clay products                              34         0.6       0.0      -0.5       2.1       1.1      -1.0
326        Pottery and related products                          38         2.1       4.1       1.9       2.1       0.9      -1.2

327        Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products               248         0.4       0.6       0.2       0.1       4.4       4.3
329        Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products            72         2.5       2.2      -0.2       1.5       0.5      -1.0
331        Blast furnace and basic steel products               225         5.4       3.1      -2.2       2.3       1.4      -0.9
332        Iron and steel foundries                             123         1.2       1.9       0.7       3.2       2.2      -1.0
333        Primary nonferrous metals                             36         1.7      -1.3      -2.9       0.2      -1.5      -1.7
335        Nonferrous rolling and drawing                       176         1.4       1.3       0.0       3.5       4.5       0.9
336        Nonferrous foundries (castings)                       94         2.5       4.1       1.5       2.0       3.9       1.9
339        Miscellaneous primary metal products                  28         6.0       7.6       1.5       0.3       0.0      -0.2
341        Metal cans and shipping containers                    36         4.2      -0.6      -4.6       2.0       1.0      -1.0
342        Cutlery, handtools, and hardware                     121         2.7       2.6      -0.1       2.4       1.3      -1.1

343        Plumbing and heating, except electric                 60         1.2       0.8      -0.5       3.9       4.9       0.9
344        Fabricated structural metal products                 498         1.4       1.8       0.4       1.3       4.8       3.5
346        Metal forgings and stampings                         255         2.7       6.0       3.2       3.5       3.7       0.2
347        Metal services, n.e.c.                               146         4.1       5.7       1.6       1.2       3.7       2.4
348        Ordnance and accessories, n.e.c.                      38         1.3      -6.1      -7.4       1.2      -4.6      -5.7
349        Miscellaneous fabricated metal products              277         1.8       3.4       1.6       0.5       2.4       1.9
351        Engines and turbines                                  85         2.9       3.1       0.3       6.0       4.9      -1.1
352        Farm and garden machinery                             96         2.9       2.1      -0.8       0.7      -0.9      -1.6
353        Construction and related machinery                   240         2.7       2.7       0.1       2.7       3.8       1.1
354        Metalworking machinery                               330         2.6       3.7       1.1       2.5       1.1      -1.3

355        Special industry machinery                           172         4.2       6.3       2.0       5.4       5.1      -0.3
356        General industrial machinery                         251         1.4       2.4       0.9       1.7       1.1      -0.6
357        Computer and office equipment                        361        27.7      22.6      -4.0      35.8      35.9       0.0
358        Refrigeration and service machinery                  212         1.7       5.3       3.6       1.6       2.7       1.0
359        Industrial machinery, n.e.c.                         373         5.3       6.7       1.4       0.4       2.5       2.1
361        Electric distribution equipment                       85         6.1       2.9      -3.0       1.7       2.2       0.5
362        Electrical industrial apparatus                      150         7.0       5.5      -1.4       0.8      -0.1      -0.9
363        Household appliances                                 116         3.8       3.8       0.0       5.0       3.5      -1.5
364        Electric lighting and wiring equipment               183         2.6       2.0      -0.6       3.5       4.0       0.5
366        Communications equipment                             290        10.1      10.3       0.2      17.5      19.2       1.5

367        Electronic components and accessories                682        24.7      25.0       0.3      29.1      33.3       3.3
369        Miscellaneous electrical equipment & supplies        146         4.7       3.9      -0.8       6.5       4.5      -1.9
371        Motor vehicles and equipment                        1013         0.8       5.5       4.6       3.6       4.2       0.6
372        Aircraft and parts                                   465         1.7      -7.2      -8.8       4.2       5.2       1.0
373        Ship and boat building and repairing                 166        -1.1      -3.8      -2.7       4.4       4.2      -0.2
374        Railroad equipment                                    36         1.2       5.0       3.8       7.8       5.7      -2.0
375        Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts                      20         5.1      14.4       8.8      -0.2       0.2       0.3
376        Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts                73         0.1     -11.8     -11.9      -0.6      -6.5      -5.9
381        Search and navigation equipment                      154         5.8      -5.5     -10.7       1.8       0.7      -1.1
382        Measuring and controlling devices                    302         6.6       4.3      -2.1       1.6       2.5       0.9

384        Medical instruments and supplies                     288         2.4       3.8       1.4       4.9       6.7       1.8
385        Ophthalmic goods                                      33         6.7       3.5      -3.0       8.4       7.5      -0.8
386        Photographic equipment & supplies                     70         3.7       0.8      -2.8       5.5       1.4      -3.9
391        Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware                  49         0.2      -0.4      -0.6       7.7       6.6      -1.0
393        Musical instruments                                   17        -2.2       1.1       3.3       3.9       6.5       2.4
394        Toys and sporting goods                              104         1.0       3.7       2.7       4.3       1.8      -2.4
395        Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies               31         2.7       1.0      -1.7      -1.6      -2.6      -1.0
396        Costume jewelry and notions                           19         6.4       0.6      -5.4       0.2      -6.2      -6.4
399        Miscellaneous manufactures                           175         0.3       2.1       1.8       1.4       4.0       2.6

                             Transportation

4011       Railroad transportation                              194         5.7       3.3      -2.3       4.6       2.0      -2.5
4213       Trucking, except local                               917         2.5       4.3       1.8       0.9       3.0       2.0
43         United States Postal Service(4)                      860         0.5       1.4       1.0       1.3       2.4       1.1
4512,13,   Air transportation                                   740         3.2       3.9       0.7       0.4       4.9       4.5
  22(PTS)

                      Communications and Utilities

481        Telephone communications                            1134         5.5       5.5      -0.1       6.3      11.3       4.7
483        Radio and television broadcasting                    255         0.9       1.1       0.2       0.0       2.2       2.2
484        Cable and other pay television services              216        -1.8       3.0       4.9       0.7       8.2       7.4
491,3(PT)  Electric utilities                                   471        -6.0      -7.7      -1.8      16.0      12.4      -3.1
492,3(PT)  Gas utilities                                        166         5.3       2.9      -2.3       3.2       1.1      -2.1

                              Retail Trade

           Retail trade                                       24507         1.6       2.8       1.2       3.2       5.0       1.7

52         Building materials, hardware, garden supply,        1050         3.3       5.0       1.6       4.1       6.9       2.7
                 and mobile homes
521        Lumber and other building materials dealers          642         2.5       5.4       2.9       4.1       8.5       4.2
523        Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores                    70         4.2       2.3      -1.8       5.4       5.2      -0.1
525        Hardware stores                                      178         0.0       1.0       1.0       4.7       2.9      -1.8
526        Retail nurseries, lawn and garden supply stores      112         6.7       5.3      -1.3       5.7       8.0       2.3
53         General merchandise stores                          2843         4.1       6.2       2.0       6.4       7.1       0.6
531        Department stores                                   2491         3.7       6.6       2.8       6.7       7.5       0.7
533        Variety stores                                       160         6.6       2.6      -3.7       9.3      10.8       1.4
539        Miscellaneous general merchandise stores             193         7.1       5.4      -1.6       6.0       4.6      -1.4

54         Food stores                                         3639        -0.8      -0.2       0.6       0.5       1.2       0.7
541        Grocery stores                                      3179        -0.6      -0.1       0.4       0.5       1.1       0.7
542        Meat and fish (seafood) markets                       57        -0.9      -2.5      -1.6       3.1       3.7       0.5
546        Retail bakeries                                      214        -1.9       0.1       2.0       1.3       2.8       1.5
55         Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations    2508         1.8       2.0       0.1       1.9       3.6       1.7
551        New and used car dealers                            1114         0.3       1.6       1.3       0.8       3.1       2.3
553        Auto and home supply stores                          428         1.0       1.8       0.7       1.8       4.1       2.2
554        Gasoline service stations                            671         4.3       2.3      -1.9       1.8       1.4      -0.4

56         Apparel and accessory stores                        1243         5.4       3.5      -1.8       5.5       6.3       0.8
561        Men's and boys' wear stores                           86         1.0      -2.3      -3.2       6.3       4.4      -1.8
562        Women's clothing stores                              293         5.6       0.7      -4.6       8.0       4.8      -3.0
565        Family clothing stores                               456         5.6       7.5       1.8       2.5       8.2       5.6
566        Shoe stores                                          204         5.2       1.3      -3.7       2.9       3.2       0.4
57         Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores   1239         6.0       7.7       1.6       8.1      11.0       2.7
571        Furniture and homefurnishings stores                 649         2.3       2.8       0.4       3.7       6.3       2.5
572        Household appliance stores                            79         5.9       3.1      -2.6       8.4       6.5      -1.8
573        Radio, television, computer, and music stores        510        10.4      15.5       4.6      12.7      17.0       3.9

58         Eating and drinking places(5)                       8338        -0.5       1.5       2.0       1.0       3.3       2.3
59         Miscellaneous merchandise stores                    3647         2.5       3.6       1.0       6.1       7.9       1.8
591        Drug and proprietary stores                          685         0.9       0.8      -0.1       4.3       6.2       1.9
592        Liquor stores                                        139        -0.2      -2.6      -2.3       4.1       3.8      -0.2
593        Used merchandise stores                              209         3.2       7.7       4.4      12.4      16.3       3.4
594        Miscellaneous shopping goods stores                 1254         2.8       3.8       1.0       4.1       6.5       2.3
596        Nonstore retailers                                   576         6.5       9.2       2.5      11.5      13.4       1.6
598        Fuel dealers                                          98         5.6       3.7      -1.9       1.0      -0.6      -1.6
599        Retail stores, n.e.c.                                686         2.1       3.8       1.6       5.8       7.2       1.3

                          Finance and Services

602        Commercial banks                                    1430         3.2       1.9      -1.3       2.5       2.1      -0.4
701        Hotels and motels                                   1874         2.8       3.1       0.3       0.7       3.5       2.8
72         Personal services                                   1847         0.8       1.4       0.7       1.5       2.9       1.3
721        Laundry, cleaning, and garment services              518         0.8       0.8       0.0       3.0       2.8      -0.1
722        Photographic studios, portrait                        86         3.4       5.5       2.0      -0.7       1.5       2.2
723        Beauty shops                                         759         1.4       2.6       1.2       1.8       3.2       1.3
724        Barber shops                                          62         2.8      -0.7      -3.4       2.4       1.6      -0.7
726        Funeral services and crematories                     107         1.9       1.4      -0.5      -1.3      -0.6       0.7
753        Automotive repair shops                              917         2.4       3.0       0.6       1.1       3.0       1.9
783        Motion picture theaters                              139        -2.3      -1.4       1.0       1.3       4.8       3.4


     1  Employment figures are based primarily on data from the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program and the
Current Population Survey (CPS).  Other sources are:  the Association of American Railroads, the Department of Transportation,
and the U.S. Postal Service.
     2  Output per employee hour is measured in mining, manufacturing, transportation, communications, and SICs 531, 551, 602, and 783.
Output per hour of all persons is used for all other trade and services industries.  All persons include self-employed and unpaid family
workers as well as employees.  In SICs 4213 and 4512,13,22(pts), output per employee hour is based on output per employee with the
assumption of constant average weekly hours.
     3  Employee hours are measured in mining, manufacturing, transportation, communications, and SICs 531, 551, 602, and 783.
Hours of all persons are used for all other trade and services industries.  All persons includes self-employed and unpaid family
workers as well as employees.  In SICs 4213 and 4512,13,22(pts), employee hours are based on employees with the assumption
of constant average weekly hours.
     4  The United States Postal Service, SIC 43, is also designated in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and is identical
to the three-digit SIC Group Number, SIC 431, and the four-digit SIC Industry Number, SIC 4311.  Employee hours in SIC 43 are based
on the number of full-time equivalent (FTE) employee years, as reported in the U.S. Postal Service budget.  FTE employee years
are computed by dividing total hours of full-time, part-time, and intermittent workers by the number of hours in a standard work year.
The output and hours for SIC 43 reflect the Federal fiscal year.
     5  Eating and drinking places, SIC 58, is also designated in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and is identical to the
three-digit SIC Group Number, SIC 581.
 
Table 4.  Annual percent change in total compensation, output, and unit labor costs:  mining, manufacturing, and service-producing
industries, 1990-95 and 1995-2000
                                                                            Annual percent change,        Annual percent change,
                                                                                  1990-95                       1995-2000
                                                                        -----------------------------  --------------------------
                                                               2000       Total               Unit      Total               Unit 
SIC                             Industry                   Employment(1)  compen-             labor     compen-             labor 
code                                                       (thousands)    sation    Output    costs     sation   Output     costs

                                 Mining

102        Copper ores                                           11         6.6       2.9       3.6      -5.5      -4.9      -0.7
104        Gold and silver ores                                  12         2.0       1.0       1.0      -2.4       2.1      -4.4
12         Coal mining                                           77        -4.1      -0.9      -3.2      -3.4      -0.4      -3.0
122        Bituminous coal and lignite mining                    72        -3.8      -1.0      -2.9      -3.3      -0.4      -2.8
13         Oil and gas extraction                               311         1.3      -0.7       2.1       6.1      -0.8       7.0
131        Crude petroleum and natural gas                      125         1.0      -0.7       1.7       4.4      -0.8       5.1
14         Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels                   114         2.7       0.1       2.5       4.7       1.2       3.5
142        Crushed and broken stone                              45         3.1       0.8       2.3       6.3       2.0       4.2

                             Manufacturing

201        Meat products                                        504         5.0       3.6       1.3       5.2       1.8       3.3
202        Dairy products                                       146         2.6       1.0       1.5       2.8      -0.6       3.4
203        Preserved fruits and vegetables                      220         3.3       2.3       0.9       2.2       0.9       1.3
204        Grain mill products                                  124         2.9       2.1       0.8       2.3       1.4       0.9
205        Bakery products                                      204         3.5       0.9       2.5       4.1       1.4       2.6
206        Sugar and confectionery products                      92         2.6       1.0       1.6       2.4       2.8      -0.3
207        Fats and oils                                         28         1.0       0.4       0.5       2.8       1.2       1.6
208        Beverages                                            187         1.9       1.8       0.0       3.7       1.3       2.5
209        Miscellaneous food and kindred products              180         3.0       0.9       2.0       3.0       1.4       1.5
211        Cigarettes                                            23         0.2       1.0      -0.7      -1.0      -3.4       2.5

221        Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton                       62         2.6       3.2      -0.5      -4.2      -3.9      -0.4
222        Broadwoven fabric mills, manmade                      55         2.7       3.5      -0.7      -1.5      -1.7       0.2
224        Narrow fabric mills                                   20         4.9       3.2       1.6       1.8      -2.6       4.6
225        Knitting mills                                       126         2.8       4.6      -1.7      -4.5      -6.5       2.1
226        Textile finishing, except wool                        58         5.5       1.8       3.7      -0.3       0.0      -0.3
227        Carpets and rugs                                      66         4.7       1.2       3.4       0.9       2.7      -1.8
228        Yarn and thread mills                                 81         1.4       3.3      -1.8      -0.1       0.0      -0.1
229        Miscellaneous textile goods                           54         6.2       3.2       3.0       2.0       1.9       0.1
232        Men's and boys' furnishings                          131         1.1       2.2      -1.1      -6.2      -3.0      -3.3
233        Women's and misses' outerwear                        185         2.1       2.5      -0.4      -6.1      -1.0      -5.2

234        Women's and children's undergarments                  21        -1.0       3.8      -4.6     -11.3      -2.2      -9.3
235        Hats, caps, and millinery                             15         6.2       3.2       2.9       0.3      -0.8       1.1
238        Miscellaneous apparel and accessories                 30        -0.5       1.0      -1.5      -2.1      -4.9       2.9
239        Miscellaneous fabricated textile products            215         5.8       3.6       2.1       4.6       3.6       1.0
242        Sawmills and planing mills                           185         3.8       1.0       2.8       3.2       2.4       0.8
243        Millwork, plywood, and structural members            335         4.7       0.6       4.1       6.3       4.0       2.2
244        Wood containers                                       59         6.3       1.4       4.9       4.9       3.1       1.7
245        Wood buildings and mobile homes                       91         8.8       5.9       2.7       5.5      -0.3       5.8
249        Miscellaneous wood products                           83         3.4       2.1       1.3       4.7       3.9       0.8
251        Household furniture                                  293         3.1       1.7       1.4       4.1       3.2       0.9

252        Office furniture                                      79         1.8       0.0       1.8       5.4       7.3      -1.8
253        Public building and related furniture                 59        12.3      13.7      -1.3       6.6       9.0      -2.2
254        Partitions and fixtures                               91         4.7       3.4       1.3       9.0       6.6       2.3
259        Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures                  43         4.0       1.5       2.5       4.5       2.6       1.9
261        Pulp mills                                            13         0.7       1.1      -0.4      -9.6      -9.6       0.0
262        Paper mills                                          139         2.0       1.2       0.8      -1.0      -1.4       0.4
263        Paperboard mills                                      47         4.9       2.9       1.9       1.1      -0.5       1.6
265        Paperboard containers and boxes                      218         4.4       1.8       2.6       3.2       1.4       1.8
267        Miscellaneous converted paper products               240         3.5       2.4       1.1       3.6       2.0       1.6
271        Newspapers                                           442         1.2      -3.9       5.3       4.0       2.2       1.8

272        Periodicals                                          149         4.1      -1.2       5.4      12.7       7.4       4.9
273        Books                                                126         5.4       1.8       3.6       4.1       1.3       2.8
274        Miscellaneous publishing                              95         1.9       1.2       0.6      15.2       8.1       6.6
275        Commercial printing                                  560         3.3       1.5       1.8       3.8       1.9       1.9
276        Manifold business forms                               43        -1.5      -5.8       4.5      -0.3      -3.6       3.4
277        Greeting cards                                        25        -0.9      -1.1       0.2       0.9       0.9       0.0
278        Blankbooks and bookbinding                            60         2.6       1.6       1.0       0.8       0.1       0.7
279        Printing trade services                               47         0.7       0.0       0.7      -1.5      -2.1       0.7
281        Industrial inorganic chemicals                        72        -0.7      -1.5       0.9       1.7       1.1       0.6
282        Plastics materials and synthetics                    154         3.3       2.8       0.5      -0.1       2.2      -2.2

283        Drugs                                                315         5.7       2.9       2.7       6.2       3.7       2.4
284        Soaps, cleaners, and toilet goods                    155         2.3       1.9       0.3       1.9       1.1       0.9
285        Paints and allied products                            52         4.4       0.3       4.1       1.9      -0.2       2.2
286        Industrial organic chemicals                         120         3.5      -1.7       5.3       2.0       1.2       0.8
287        Agricultural chemicals                                51         2.0      -0.1       2.1       0.8      -0.7       1.5
289        Miscellaneous chemical products                       93         2.5       0.9       1.6       3.9       3.2       0.6
291        Petroleum refining                                    85         4.0       1.2       2.8       0.6       1.6      -0.9
295        Asphalt paving and roofing materials                  28         2.8       2.0       0.8       1.5       2.9      -1.3
299        Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products             15         4.2       0.9       3.3       1.0       0.6       0.5
301        Tires and inner tubes                                 79         4.4       4.4       0.0       2.1       2.0       0.1

305        Hose and belting and gaskets and packing              74         4.7       4.0       0.6       5.4       3.8       1.5
306        Fabricated rubber products, n.e.c.                   108         4.0       3.6       0.4       3.5       2.9       0.6
308        Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c.              744         5.9       5.6       0.3       5.1       4.6       0.5
314        Footwear, except rubber                               28        -3.1      -3.6       0.5      -6.5      -7.1       0.6
321        Flat glass                                            16         0.0       1.7      -1.7       1.4       6.3      -4.6
322        Glass and glassware, pressed or blown                 67         1.0       0.2       0.9       0.8       0.9      -0.2
323        Products of purchased glass                           66         5.6       4.0       1.5       5.4       6.5      -1.0
324        Cement, hydraulic                                     18         2.4       2.1       0.2       4.4       2.7       1.7
325        Structural clay products                              34         1.6       0.0       1.6       1.7       1.1       0.6
326        Pottery and related products                          38         4.9       4.1       0.8       0.4       0.9      -0.4

327        Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products               248         3.1       0.6       2.5       7.1       4.4       2.6
329        Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products            72         3.2       2.2       0.9       2.3       0.5       1.8
331        Blast furnace and basic steel products               225         1.6       3.1      -1.4       0.2       1.4      -1.3
332        Iron and steel foundries                             123         2.2       1.9       0.3       2.5       2.2       0.3
333        Primary nonferrous metals                             36         0.1      -1.3       1.4      -2.0      -1.5      -0.5
335        Nonferrous rolling and drawing                       176         2.7       1.3       1.3       3.5       4.5      -0.9
336        Nonferrous foundries (castings)                       94         4.7       4.1       0.6       3.4       3.9      -0.5
339        Miscellaneous primary metal products                  28         2.0       7.6      -5.2       4.5       0.0       4.4
341        Metal cans and shipping containers                    36        -1.8      -0.6      -1.2      -0.7       1.0      -1.7
342        Cutlery, handtools, and hardware                     121         3.3       2.6       0.7       2.0       1.3       0.7

343        Plumbing and heating, except electric                 60         3.4       0.8       2.6       5.2       4.9       0.3
344        Fabricated structural metal products                 498         2.3       1.8       0.5       6.7       4.8       1.8
346        Metal forgings and stampings                         255         4.0       6.0      -1.9       3.2       3.7      -0.5
347        Metal services, n.e.c.                               146         5.2       5.7      -0.5       4.7       3.7       1.0
348        Ordnance and accessories, n.e.c.                      38        -7.6      -6.1      -1.6      -3.2      -4.6       1.4
349        Miscellaneous fabricated metal products              277         4.6       3.4       1.1       3.6       2.4       1.3
351        Engines and turbines                                  85         1.9       3.1      -1.2       1.3       4.9      -3.4
352        Farm and garden machinery                             96         3.0       2.1       0.9       1.8      -0.9       2.7
353        Construction and related machinery                   240         1.9       2.7      -0.8       4.7       3.8       0.9
354        Metalworking machinery                               330         4.2       3.7       0.5       2.7       1.1       1.6

355        Special industry machinery                           172         5.9       6.3      -0.4       4.0       5.1      -1.0
356        General industrial machinery                         251         3.5       2.4       1.1       2.9       1.1       1.7
357        Computer and office equipment                        361        -0.1      22.6     -18.5       1.5      35.9     -25.3
358        Refrigeration and service machinery                  212         4.5       5.3      -0.8       3.8       2.7       1.1
359        Industrial machinery, n.e.c.                         373         6.7       6.7       0.0       3.0       2.5       0.5
361        Electric distribution equipment                       85         4.2       2.9       1.3       1.2       2.2      -1.0
362        Electrical industrial apparatus                      150         4.4       5.5      -1.0       0.9      -0.1       1.0
363        Household appliances                                 116         4.1       3.8       0.3       3.3       3.5      -0.2
364        Electric lighting and wiring equipment               183         2.7       2.0       0.7       3.0       4.0      -1.0
366        Communications equipment                             290         2.8      10.3      -6.9       9.9      19.2      -7.8

367        Electronic components and accessories                682         5.4      25.0     -15.7       6.1      33.3     -20.4
369        Miscellaneous electrical equipment & supplies        146         1.8       3.9      -2.0       3.4       4.5      -1.1
371        Motor vehicles and equipment                        1013         6.3       5.5       0.8       3.2       4.2      -1.0
372        Aircraft and parts                                   465        -4.7      -7.2       2.8       2.8       5.2      -2.3
373        Ship and boat building and repairing                 166        -1.2      -3.8       2.7       2.6       4.2      -1.5
374        Railroad equipment                                    36         3.7       5.0      -1.2       4.9       5.7      -0.7
375        Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts                      20        20.7      14.4       5.5       4.3       0.2       4.1
376        Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts                73       -10.5     -11.8       1.5      -4.5      -6.5       2.1
381        Search and navigation equipment                      154        -4.6      -5.5       0.9       0.3       0.7      -0.4
382        Measuring and controlling devices                    302         2.5       4.3      -1.7       3.2       2.5       0.7

384        Medical instruments and supplies                     288         6.2       3.8       2.2       5.2       6.7      -1.5
385        Ophthalmic goods                                      33         2.6       3.5      -0.8       4.1       7.5      -3.2
386        Photographic equipment & supplies                     70        -0.3       0.8      -1.1      -1.9       1.4      -3.3
391        Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware                  49        -0.4      -0.4       0.0       5.9       6.6      -0.7
393        Musical instruments                                   17         5.4       1.1       4.3       8.1       6.5       1.5
394        Toys and sporting goods                              104         5.4       3.7       1.7       1.9       1.8       0.1
395        Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies               31         4.0       1.0       2.9      -1.2      -2.6       1.4
396        Costume jewelry and notions                           19         2.2       0.6       1.6      -2.1      -6.2       4.4
399        Miscellaneous manufactures                           175         4.1       2.1       2.0       4.6       4.0       0.5

                             Transportation

4011       Railroad transportation                              194         0.2       3.3      -3.0       0.9       2.0      -1.1
4213       Trucking, except local                               917         4.6       4.3       0.3       5.5       3.0       2.4
43         United States Postal Service(2)                      860         4.8       1.4       3.3       3.4       2.4       1.0
4512,13,   Air transportation                                   740         3.8       3.9      -0.1       6.6       4.9       1.7
  22(PTS)

                      Communications and Utilities

481        Telephone communications                            1134         4.2       5.5      -1.2      10.8      11.3      -0.5
483        Radio and television broadcasting                    255         3.8       1.1       2.6       7.5       2.2       5.2
484        Cable and other pay television services              216        10.7       3.0       7.5      13.5       8.2       4.9
491,3(PT)  Electric utilities                                   471         2.6      -7.7      11.1       2.7      12.4      -8.7
492,3(PT)  Gas utilities                                        166         2.2       2.9      -0.7       4.0       1.1       2.9

                              Retail Trade

           Retail trade                                       24507         4.1       2.8       1.3       6.2       5.0       1.1

52         Building materials, hardware, garden supply,        1050         4.8       5.0      -0.2       7.3       6.9       0.3
                 and mobile homes
521        Lumber and other building materials dealers          642         5.7       5.4       0.2       8.9       8.5       0.3
523        Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores                    70         1.1       2.3      -1.2       4.0       5.2      -1.1
525        Hardware stores                                      178         3.7       1.0       2.7       3.1       2.9       0.2
526        Retail nurseries, lawn and garden supply stores      112         1.8       5.3      -3.3       6.1       8.0      -1.8
53         General merchandise stores                          2843         3.9       6.2      -2.2       5.4       7.1      -1.6
531        Department stores                                   2491         4.5       6.6      -2.0       5.7       7.5      -1.6
533        Variety stores                                       160        -1.5       2.6      -4.0       3.2      10.8      -6.9
539        Miscellaneous general merchandise stores             193         0.9       5.4      -4.3       2.1       4.6      -2.4

54         Food stores                                         3639         3.1      -0.2       3.3       3.7       1.2       2.5
541        Grocery stores                                      3179         2.9      -0.1       3.0       3.6       1.1       2.5
542        Meat and fish (seafood) markets                       57         0.3      -2.5       2.9       1.9       3.7      -1.7
546        Retail bakeries                                      214         5.3       0.1       5.2       5.0       2.8       2.2
55         Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations    2508         4.7       2.0       2.7       5.9       3.6       2.2
551        New and used car dealers                            1114         5.9       1.6       4.2       6.4       3.1       3.2
553        Auto and home supply stores                          428         3.6       1.8       1.8       5.2       4.1       1.1
554        Gasoline service stations                            671         1.8       2.3      -0.5       2.8       1.4       1.4

56         Apparel and accessory stores                        1243         1.7       3.5      -1.7       5.6       6.3      -0.7
561        Men's and boys' wear stores                           86        -1.4      -2.3       0.8       2.7       4.4      -1.7
562        Women's clothing stores                              293        -1.3       0.7      -2.0       2.5       4.8      -2.1
565        Family clothing stores                               456         5.5       7.5      -1.9      10.4       8.2       2.1
566        Shoe stores                                          204         0.9       1.3      -0.4       4.1       3.2       0.8
57         Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores   1239         4.3       7.7      -3.2       8.9      11.0      -1.9
571        Furniture and homefurnishings stores                 649         3.3       2.8       0.5       7.2       6.3       0.8
572        Household appliance stores                            79        -1.6       3.1      -4.6       1.8       6.5      -4.4
573        Radio, television, computer, and music stores        510         7.4      15.5      -7.0      12.2      17.0      -4.1

58         Eating and drinking places(3)                       8338         4.9       1.5       3.4       6.8       3.3       3.3
59         Miscellaneous merchandise stores                    3647         4.3       3.6       0.7       7.1       7.9      -0.8
591        Drug and proprietary stores                          685         4.1       0.8       3.2       6.8       6.2       0.6
592        Liquor stores                                        139         1.4      -2.6       4.1       3.9       3.8       0.1
593        Used merchandise stores                              209         7.6       7.7      -0.1       7.3      16.3      -7.7
594        Miscellaneous shopping goods stores                 1254         3.9       3.8       0.1       6.7       6.5       0.2
596        Nonstore retailers                                   576         6.8       9.2      -2.2      10.5      13.4      -2.5
598        Fuel dealers                                          98         0.7       3.7      -2.8       3.1      -0.6       3.7
599        Retail stores, n.e.c.                                686         4.0       3.8       0.2       5.7       7.2      -1.3

                          Finance and Services

602        Commercial banks                                    1430         4.2       1.9       2.3       6.9       2.1       4.7
701        Hotels and motels                                   1874         4.0       3.1       0.9       7.4       3.5       3.8
72         Personal services                                   1847         3.9       1.4       2.4       5.7       2.9       2.8
721        Laundry, cleaning, and garment services              518         2.8       0.8       2.0       4.2       2.8       1.3
722        Photographic studios, portrait                        86         5.1       5.5      -0.4       4.4       1.5       2.9
723        Beauty shops                                         759         5.1       2.6       2.4       6.5       3.2       3.2
724        Barber shops                                          62        -1.5      -0.7      -0.8       2.1       1.6       0.5
726        Funeral services and crematories                     107         4.5       1.4       3.0       3.7      -0.6       4.3
753        Automotive repair shops                              917         3.4       3.0       0.3       6.1       3.0       3.0
783        Motion picture theaters                              139         2.2      -1.4       3.6       5.5       4.8       0.6


     1  Employment figures are based primarily on data from the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program and the
Current Population Survey (CPS).  Other sources are:  the Association of American Railroads, the Department of Transportation,
and the U.S. Postal Service.
     2  The United States Postal Service, SIC 43, is also designated in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and is identical
to the three-digit SIC Group Number, SIC 431, and the four-digit SIC Industry Number, SIC 4311.
     3  Eating and drinking places, SIC 58, is also designated in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and is identical to the
three-digit SIC Group Number, SIC 581.