Identification_Information: 
  Citation: 
    Citation_Information: 
      Originator: NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, Benthic Habitat Mapping Group
      Publication_Date: 200705
      Title: CRED Cumulative Map of Percent Scleractinian Coral Cover at Howland Island, 2002-2004
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital image
      Online_Linkage: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/
      Online_Linkage: ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/data/pria/optical/howland/how_toad.jpg
  Description: 
    Abstract: This map displays optical validation observation locations and percent coverage of scleractinian coral overlaid on bathymetry.
    Purpose: To display locations of optical validation data collected and percent coverage of scleractinian coral at Howland Island.
    Supplemental_Information: Howland, a low-lying 1.84 sq.km. island in the Pacific Remote Island Area (PRIA), is the northernmost of the Phoenix Islands.       Centered at 00.48'N, 176.38'W, it is within one degree latitude of the equator. It lies within an arid zone of the tropical Pacific, with insufficient       groundwater and rainfall to support continuous human habitation. Although Howland was uninhabited at the time of its discovery by Western sailors,       Polynesians probably visited it periodically over many centuries to harvest fish and wildlife. The lack of human habitation allowed Howland's coral       reefs to remain completely pristine until the early 20th century. Even today it lies beyond the influence of urban centers, associated pollutants and       major shipping lanes. In 1857, Howland was claimed by the U.S. under the Guano Act. A short-lived colonization attempt was made between 1935 and World       War II, but was abandoned thereafter. The famed American aviatrix Amelia EARHART disappeared while seeking out Howland Island as a refueling stop       during her 1937 round-the-world flight; Earhart Light, a day beacon near the middle of the west coast, was named in her memory. A no-take island and       marine protected area National Wildlife Refuge administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Howland is under the joint jurisdiction of the       Departments of Interior and Commerce. Ocean currents transport and distribute larvae among and between different atolls and islands, and particularly       in the Pacific equatorial region, define sea surface temperatures
      (SSTs) and available nutrient regimes. The North Equatorial Current (NEC), Equatorial Counter Current (ECC), Equatorial Undercurrent or Cromwell       Current (EUC), and South Equatorial Current (SEC) provide the mechanism by which many species are distributed among the PRIAs, nearby central Pacific       islands, the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI), as well as other distant regions.
      Cruises             CoRIS Metadata Record Names
      TC0201              cred_toad_howland_2002
      OES0401             cred_toad_howland_2004
  Time_Period_of_Content: 
    Time_Period_Information: 
      Range_of_Dates/Times: 
        Beginning_Date: 2002
        Ending_Date: 2004
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status: 
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
  Spatial_Domain: 
    Bounding_Coordinates: 
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -176.64
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -176.60
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 0.84
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 0.78
  Keywords: 
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Benthic Habitat
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Mapping
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Coral Cover
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
      Theme_Keyword: Map Images > Habitats
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: environment
      Theme_Keyword: 007
      Theme_Keyword: biota
      Theme_Keyword: 002
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: Synthesis Map
      Theme_Keyword: TC0201, OES0401
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Howland Island > Howland Island (00S176W0001)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Howland Island (00S176W0001)
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: Pacific Remote Islands Area
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: Please acknowledge the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
    as the source of this information.
  Point_of_Contact: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: Benthic Habitat Mapping Group, Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, PIFSC,NOAA
        Contact_Person: John Rooney
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 1125B Ala Moana Blvd
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96814
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-9729
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: john.rooney@noaa.gov
  Data_Set_Credit: Benthic Habitat Mapping Group, Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science
    Center (PIFSC), NOAA
Distribution_Information: 
  Distributor: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: Benthic Habitat Mapping Group, CRED, PIFSC, NOAA
        Contact_Person: John Rooney
      Contact_Position: Coastal Geomorphologist
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 1125 'B' Ala Moana Blvd
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: Hawaii
        Postal_Code: 96814
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-9729
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: john.rooney@noaa.gov
  Resource_Description: Digital video images that are geo-referenced to navigation files.
  Distribution_Liability: These data are not to be used for navigational purposes.  NOAA makes no warranty regarding
    these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot assume
    liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these
    data to function on a particular system.
  Standard_Order_Process: 
    Digital_Form: 
      Digital_Transfer_Information: 
        Format_Name: JPEG
      Digital_Transfer_Option: 
        Online_Option: 
          Computer_Contact_Information: 
            Network_Address: 
              Network_Resource_Name: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/pibhmc_pria_how_optical.htm
              Network_Resource_Name: ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/data/pria/optical/howland/how_toad.jpg
    Fees: None
Metadata_Reference_Information: 
  Metadata_Date: 20080905
  Metadata_Review_Date: 20080905
  Metadata_Contact: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: Benthic Habitat Mapping Group, CRED, PIFSC, NOAA
        Contact_Person: Dr. Michael Parke
      Contact_Position: Research Biologist
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 1125 'B' Ala Moana Blvd
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: Hawaii
        Postal_Code: 96814
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-592-7025
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: michael.parke@noaa.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: Local Time
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
CoRIS: 
  CoRIS_ID: 20080905031217
  CoRIS_Children: None
  CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 20020101
  CoRIS_Ending_Date: 20041231
  CoRIS_Metadata_Link: http://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/txt/cred_toad_map_howland_2002_2004.txt
  CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 2193