SECTION I

            DEPARTMENT OF
     HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
             FIJBIC HULM SERVICE

APPLICATION FOR RESEARCH GRANT

LEAVE BLANK EXCEPT FOR GRANT NUMBER
NPE     PROGRAM             GRANT NUMBER
5     PO7        FR 0031142
RMEW GROUP                 FORMERLY

CONTlNUATlON SUPPORT

                       I
DATE RECEIVED                  INVENTlO,, STATEMENT
                       0 YES   0 NO

TO BE COMPSETED BY PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

ABEREVVITED l7llE OF RESEARCH PROJECT (SOL* 01 rhom M 1.J tit& of lbvarch Grwt Awa&dJ

Advanced Computer for Medical Research

2 DATES OF ENTRE APPROVED PROJECT PERIOD        3. DATES OF NEK, BUDGET PERlOD /Uwol/y II monfhtl     4. AMT. REQUESTED FOR NEXT BUDGE: PERIOD ,D,w Cain Only)--Last IInn, Pooe 2


FROM              THROUGH           FROM              THROUGH

g-l-66     g-30-69    8-1-67   7-31-68 ' 52O,q3

SA NAME OF PplKlPM INVESTIGATOR (Lort. FinI, In~hal)

Lederberg, Joshua

H. MAIUNG ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR (Str&, City, 3.k
ZP caa)
Department of Genetics

                          D. AREA CODE AND TELEPHONE NO.(S]
`?I

7

Stanford University School of
Palo Alto, California $304

ADDRESS WHERE RESEARCH WILL BE CONDUCTED (If some OS hem 5H)
chskbo.rU

Medicine

Chairman, Computer Policy Committee

Stanford University School of Medicine

F. DEPARTMENT, PRYICE, LABORATORY OR EQUIVALENT
Stanford University School of Medicine

Palo Alto, California 94304

G. MUOR SUBDIMK)N
Stanford University School of Medicine

7. ME FEDERAL FACILITIES TO BE USED FOR THIS RESEARCH~
m NO   0 YES            X OF TIME
[If yn, l;,f kcilitier and indkok cd& of VI, on
CO"h"u.ahO" poser.,

TO BE COMPLETED BY RESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY
8. APPuwT ORGANIZATION /Nams and A&&heel, Cib, Skre. z!p C&J

Stanford University
Stanford, California 94305

9. NAME. TITLE At4D ADDRESS OF OFFICIAL TO WHOM CHECKS SHOULD BE MAlLED

Mr. K. D. Creighton, Controller
Encina Hall, Stanford University
Stanford, California

10. NAME AND TITLE OF OFFICIAL SIGNING FOR APPLICANT ORGANl7ATiON

11. IDENTIFV ORGANlZATlONAL COMPONENT RESFONSIBLE FOR CONDUCl OF
SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF PROJECT (Murr be compkkd. Set lowuctionr ,

School of Medicine

12. TYPE OF ORGANIZATION (Check appk.ble ,hmJ  0 INDIVIDUAL
PlJELlC INSTITUTION:

0 FEDERAl   O STATE   UL-   IJ OTHER

PRtVATE INSIITUtlON:   B NONPROFIT   0 PROFIT

13. PHS ACCOUNT NUMBER (Eota

11. ESTABLISHED INDIRECT COST RATE
(see l"dr"dra.lsJ    55 xsiw

15. TERMS AND CONDITIONS. The undersigned accept, os to any grant awarded, the obligation to comply with Public Health Sekice Research Project Grant Regu-
lations in effect at the time of the award (42 CFR, Part 52) and the terms and conditions in the Grants for Research Projects Policy Statement. The undersigned further
agree to comply with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (P.L. 88.3521, ond the Regulation issued pursuant thereto and state thot the formally filed Assurance of
Compliance with such Regulation (Form HEW-441) applies to this project. The undersigned also certify that they have no commitments or obligations, Including those
with respect to inventions, inconsistent with compliance to the above.

16.                     A. YGNATURE OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR                                    DATE
     SIGNARURRS

                    549/67

L (SAME A5 PERSON NAMED IN lTEM 10                 DATE


                                       SECTION II

                                            FROM             THROUGH           GRANT NUMBER
SECTION H-BUDGET    (USUALLY 12 MONTHS)       8-l-67     7 -31-68      FR 00311-02

,.  \TEM,ZE DIRECT COSTS FOP NEXT BUDGET PER03

                        PERSONNEL                        TIME OR       SALARY         FRINGE BENEFITS
                                                     EFFORT
                                                     WHRS      REQUESTED                       TOTAL
NAME (tart. Fan,, ,,&a,)                       TITLE OF POSITION                                (see l"It"Chm,
                                                               ldl
             bl                        Ibt               (4                       (4             If)

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

See attached schedule

SUPPLIES

Computer
Office
Engineering

$20,000
4,000
20,000

Note 1

* 44,000

         DOMESTIC

TRAVEL

Note 2

* 4,000  -

I FOREIGN

I                                                                         I

            INPATIENT HOSPITALIZATION
HOSPITAUZATIO(*I
(Study pahentr)
            OUTPATIENT COSTS        -I-----

ALTERATIONS ANO RENOVATIONS

PUBLlCATlON COSTS

Note 3

s
8, ooo

ALL OTHER EXPENSES (See htrYChOnrJ   Communication (telephone, p ostage)

.s  2,576
    --

TOTAL DIRECT COSTSiEnter on Page I, hem 4)   $ 520,073. I


Continuation page

Name

Lederberg, Joshua
Wiederhold, Gio
Breitbard, Gary
Crouse, Linda
Cummins, David
Flexer, Jules
Hintz, Gertrude
Holtz, Klaus
Moore, Mabel
Patel, Arunkant
Sanders, William

   ----mm-

   ------e

Class, Charles

   -------


   ------a

Osborne, DeWape
Weatherby, Albert

Zilka, Teresa

      323 00311-02
    Personnel Budget
August 1, 1967 - July 31, 1968

Title
of

Position

Principal Investigator

Associate Director

Systems Programmer
Systems Programmer
Systems Programmer
Engineer (2 mos.)
Systems Programmer
Engineer

Statistician

Systems Programmer
Systems Programmer

User Education

Statistician

Operations Supervisor
Computer Operators

Machinists

Computer Technician
Computer Technician

Part time assistants

Secretary

Time

  or
Effort

106

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100
40

100

100



37 l/2
37 l/2

37 l/2

Salary

Requested

$ 16,538
12,540
9,720
13,608
2,330
10,368
12,960
6,930
9,396
14,040
3,920
9,600
9,639
27, ho*
1,800
5,990
4,992
4,800
5,928

         Administrative Assistance by
          Stanford Computation Center         5,456

Total Salaries                       $187,795

Fringe Benefits (10.5%)                    %i'18

t-operators computed at 24 hour day x $3.38 per hour (av.
operator wage) x 365 days per year x 1.15 (for holidays
sick leave, and vacation) x .80 (ACME Share)

$207,513


Continuation page

  FR 00311-02
Equipment Budget

Equipment Rental
DM 360/50 System
  Less 2% Stanford Campus
     Facility support
     subtotal IBM 360/50
DM 360/67 Utilization
IBM 2741 Communication
   Terminals (20)

IBM 1360 Disk Packs (12) $12/mo.
Data Sets (10) rental@ $3O/mo.
      installation ,g $60.
Rented lines (10) @ $ll.O5/mo.
      installation @ $15.
IBM 1800: additional costs
IBM 1826 @ $5gg/mo.
IBM 1442 @ 212/mo.
  IBM 029 @  62/mo.
IBM 7720 @ 125/mo.
maintenance @ lTl/mo.
State sales tax on rented
equipment, except data set
installation, rented lines
and installation, and 1800
  maintenance

subtotal, rented equipment                 $252,984 Note 4

$232,439
<46,488>
185,951.
20,000

16,800

3,600
600
1,326
1.50

$222,751
1,728

4,200

1,476

14,028

8,801

HS-398 (REV. 6-64)                  page 2-2


SECTION II (ConGnued)

SECTION II-BUDGET (Continued)

Grant Number

m 00311-02

6. Supplemen!al information regarding ITEMS in the proposed budget for the next period which requre explonohon. See Instruchons. (Use Continuation Pager if
necessary.)

(1)

  Due to the higher utilization of the equipment supplies for engineering and
shopwork are higher than expected in the original application ($44,000 rather
than $35,000).

(2)

   The amount requested fro domestic travel is less than half of the amount
requested for the year 1966/1967 because of the lessened need to collect information
and ideas from other centers.  Due to various delays travel was actually largely
paid for by the planning grant provided by the Jos. Macy, Jr. Foundation.   The
requested amount will support professional travel to seminars and meetings of
direct professional value,
(3 >

   We expect during the coming year to complete the system and make it and the
relevant documentation available to other installations facing similar problems.

C. If budget proposed in this submission represent; o significant change (either increase or decrease) from the LEVEL originally recommended for this budget period,
(1) provide on explanation for the change, and (2) indicate the effect that this change will hove, if ony, on the conduct of research and general level of support for
the remainder of the approved project period. (Use Continuoticn Poges if necessary.)

NO CHANGE

D. Designate items contained in the detailed budget presented on poge 2 for which indirect costs WILL NOT be claimed, or ore subject to negotiation. [Use Contlnuo-
tion Pages if necessary.]

NONE


                       Continuation page             m 00311-02


SECTION II  -  BUDGET


(4)

    The delays that  are being experienced with the IBM 360/67 time-sharing system
lessen the benefits  of
plication.(Section 7,  equipment
           page 12)   sharing that were hoped for  in the original ap-
                          But since the utility of the 360/67  to the medical
school is also diminished the net  effect of this delay is negligible.  360/67 time
is needed, however,  to continue system development concurrent with regular time
sharing operations.

PHS-396 (REV. 6-641

b3e 3-l


                                           SECTION III

SECTION MI-FISCAL DATA FOR        FROM

CURRENT BUDGET PERIOD
(USuALLY I2 MOfmHS)           Y/1-/66  ziJ7YJSPHs FR oo311.-ol

                                 I                 I                I
The following ipertains to your CURRENT budget. This Informotlon in coniunctlon wtth that provided on Page 2 wtll be used in determining the amount of additIonal
support for the NEXT budget period.

*. BUDGET CATEGORIES

Personnel (Salaries)

Fringe Benefits

ConsultcxS Services

Equipmenft

  Supplies
-k

  Hospitalimtion

Outpatieai? Costs

Alteraticwus and Renovations

Publication Costs

Other  Tel., Postage
  Camp. Time (Babcock

Total Dirc+t Costs

Indirect Cc&s

TOTALS -y

Use below space to:

CUaRENT
BUDGET

II)

77,675    49,612

7,301

5,209

260,997     10,577    207,721   218,298   -42,699

15,250 .   18,716     15,000    33,716   _a8,466>

4,000       900     1,000     1,900     2,100

29,300     29,300       -----     29,300       ----_

2,750
2,200
2,340

401,813

42,721

444,534

ACTUAL
EXPENDITURES
  THRU

3-31-67

(Insert Dote,

12)

556     1,500
4,382           2,056      694

4,652     2,000    6,382   < 4,182>
        3,000    7,652    < 5,312>

123,904

27,287

151,191

   ESTIMATED
  ADDITIONAL EX-
  PENDITURES FOR
  REMAINDER OF
CURRENT BUDGET
C rnoJE:YpD

TOTAL
ESTIMATED
EXPENDITURES
(Cd 2 plvs
Cd 31

PI

ESTIMATED
UNEXPENDED
BALANCE
(Subhct Cal
4 from Cd. I,


  (51

~8,140 _

4,005

87.552

9,214

(I 0; VT>

< 1,913>

272,366   396,270    5,543

20,977

' 293,343

48,264

444,534

-

6. Explain any significant bolonces shown in column (5).

C. List all other research support pending or approved not previously reported. (Identify by source, project title, and amount.]

NONE

B.    The reduction in equipment rental resulted from delay in delivery.  This was
  offset by an even longer delay in delivery of the software which resulted in increased
project personnel to provide the basic programming system.

  Supplies ran higher than estimated because it was advantageous to purchase the
componerm'ts and have the technical staff fabricate equipment rather than purchase certain
items as: switching equipment, pulse generator and power supplies, equipment rack.
  Terminal services were leased from Allen Babcock Company to serve both the develop-
ment of the ACME system and to provide educational service to the medical school in the
areas of terminal programming.

PHS-2590.1
Rev. 7.65  (All pevlaur edctionr obrolete)                     PAGE 4  (Use Confinval~on Page- 0% necerrory)


SECTION IV

APPLICANT REPEAT GRANi NUM2ER SHOWN ON PAGE I -*          I GRANT NUMBER

SECTION IV SUMMARY PROGRESS REPORT

PROGRAM DIRCTOR {tort. FM. Instic,,)
Lederberg, Joshua
NAME OF ORGANI*ATION

m 00311-02


          PEKOD COvERED BY THIS REPORT
FROM                THROUGH

Stanford University School of Medicine
TITLE OF PROJECT (Reped We rhonr, sn item 1 on firrt pogej

8-1-67       7-31-68
                                -

Advanced Computer for Medical Research
1. Clrt any publtcotions pendlng or pubhshed and not prewously reported.



2. List and describe any foreign trowel undertoken during the above Deriod
3. Dercnbe accomplishments ;~nce lost summary progress report. Specify and describe the significance of any changes in the direction token by the proje:t during the
above period.

  During the report period the research effort was devoted almost exclusively
to the development, programming, and check-out of the ACME computer system.

  Tkhe staff of the project was occupied with a number of tasks which will be
reported in separate paragraphs.  These will cover:

System design and implementation
Program translator

Data acquisition and distribution programming
Improvements in terminal man/machine interaction
Data transmission tests and design
Production and installation of basic transmission units
Design of a CRT display unit for medical data
Development of a basic statistical and text processing library
for interactive use
Consultation with medical staff and faculty
Education for medical staff and faculty
Installation of the computer equipment
Operation of the computer facility

  The progress in most areas has been extremely satisfactory.  In the short time
between receipt and check-out of the basic IBM equipment (December 15, 1966) and
this date (April 15, 1967), we have been able to transfer our systems work from the
variety of computers used for development and to begin offering a very limited but
true timesharing service to the medical school.  The education program has led to
a great deal of enthusiasm on the part of the medical staff and faculty.

  The greatest lack as of this date is the delay in file capability. We can
expect to have this capability available by June 1, 1967.

   During this project much assistance and exchange has been effected between
ACME and the Central Campus Facility at S-f;anford.  With the current delays in soft-
ware delivery of IBM's timesharing system the ACME System will be used at the
Central Facility.

   Continued exchange is going on between ACME and the Stanford Linear Accelerator
Center in the areas of high speed data transmission and graphic support and between
ACME and the Allen-Babcock Company regarding terminal control and systems develop-
ment.  In addition, there has been a joint educational and informational effort in
the 1800 computer area with the Syntex Laboratories of Palo Alto.

  Throughout the ensuing paragraphs references are made to the working papers
of the ACME Project, or ACME Notes, which are appended to this report as Appendix I.


                       Continuation page             273 00311-02


SECTION IV - SUMMARY PROGRESS REPORT (continued)

Interest in the ACME System has been wide-spread.

Presentations have been invited and given at:

  I.

II.







III.

IV.



  v.

VI.






VII.









VIII.




IX.

UCLA Health Sciences Computing Facility

ONR  Workshop on Psycho-biology & Computers
  (Naval Post-Grad School, Monterey,
   California)
  The paper has been published in the
   proceedings of the conference.

3/18/66
?/17/66

IBM  Research in Cambridge, Mass.
IEEE Workshop on Progress in Time Sharing
   Lancaster, Pa.

6/10/66
10/12/66

University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Argonne National Laboratories Conference on
Time-Sharing Model 50's
The paper is due to be published as part of the
proceedings.

8/4/66
ll/1/66

COMMON Meeting, New Orleans, La.            u/29/66
A report has been published through COMMON prior
to this meeting which is the result of a joint
effort of IBM and four 1800 users, including ACME:
Report of the 1800 Time Sharing Executive System
Review Committee.

ACM, Los Angeles Section                2/l/67

The presentation has been reviewed in the March
issue of DATAMATION.
CALTECH, Pasadena

3/29/Q

  In addition, a system description has appeared in IB14's internal
locumentation.

  Even though our system is barely operational, IBM has made arrangements
mder which the University of Witwatersand, Johannesburg,  South Africa and the
Jniversity of Paris, France have visited us, and are currently communicating
extensively on the applicability of the ACME System for their installations.

  The progress experienced would not have been possible without the enthusiastic
support of the staff.


Continuation page

FR 00311-02

   NAME

Gio Wiederhold

.Gary Y. Breitbard

Charles Class
Linda Crouse (part-time)

.David E. Cummins

'Robert Flexer

.Ann Hintz

Klaus Holtz

Zeva LaHorgue (part-time)

Gerald Miller (leave of absence)

Mabel Moore

Arun Pate1

William S. Sanders

Voy Wiederhold (part-time `1

!?IOR ACME STAFF

HIGHEST    YEARS OF    PREVIOUS POSITION
DEGREE    EXPERIENCE   OR EXPERIENCE

BS 1957

MA 1-963


a 1963

I29 units


BA 1963,

MS 1965


BA 196s

BS lg&


BA 1958




BA 1964


BS 1965

MA 1965


MS 1964


MA 1960.

In addition to the secretary there are three

9

Visiting Prof., IIT,
Kanpur, India
Head of Programming,
U.C. Berkeley

Wrote Student Compiler at
U.C. Berkeley
Operator, Stanford

Desert Research Institute
U.C.,  Davis
Programmer, IBM
Post-graduate work, U.C.,
Berkeley
Electrical Engineering
Associate Systems Engineer
Associate Programmer, IBM
Engineer at Linear
Accelerator, Stanford
State Dept. of Public
Health, Berkeley
Bureau of Chronic Diseases

Systems Programmer III,
U.C.) Berkeley
Genetics Dept., Stanford
Electrical Engineering,
U.C. Berkeley

Time sharing project group
General Electric, Phoenix
Programmer, UCLA, Health
Sciences

technician/operators on the full-time


staff and a number of part-time student assistants,

*Charged to funds provided by the Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation.

HS-396 (REV. 6-641                  page 5-2


                       Continuation page              m 00311-02









                   PERSONNEL DISTRIBUTION









                    SENIOR STAFF                CLERICAL MONTHLY OR

                   L                             & JUNIOR CONTRACT
          GW GYE CC LC DEC RF AH KH ZL iMM AP WJS VW          WITH S.C.C.

4anagement,Adm. .5                                      1        1

jystem Dev.               .5             1. .2                  1

Compiler Dev.    .2 1.                             .8

)ata acquisition          .4 .8          .7        2.5
program

lardware Dev.                1. .5

lardware Prod.                 .4                 3.3

%atistics,etc. .l              .4 .7

lonsultation     .2      .3 .l    .2 .l .l .3    .l

:ducation                              .4

bperations          14                                     3









1.5396 (REV. 6-64)                 page 5-3


Continuation page

m 00311-02

1.  SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
  Thanks to the additional funding provided by the Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation

we had been able to do design, simulate, and test hypotheses for the ACME computer
system prior to the grant period.     I
   A simulation, written in Burroughs Algol and run on the Stanford Computation
Center B5500 computer (ACME Note &L-l) indicated that the proposed scheduling algo-
rithm using "yielding" - logic rather than "time-slice-cutoff" logic was valid, For
the simulation data from the MIT timesharing system (MAC) (ACME Note OP-1) and the
large-computer experience from the Stanford and U.C. Berkeley 7090/7094 systems
were used to insure a system responsive to qualitatively large demands.  This
yielding-logic is a radical departure from large timesharing systems (ACME Note AY-1)
currently in existence and promises to give the facilities and computing power
required by serious researchers.  One system using this logic currently in a less
general environment is the MEDLAB system at the LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah,
set up by Dr. Homer Warner.

   Another aspect of a system in a life-science area is that the data tends to be
voluminous.  To aid the researcher in the problem of keeping track of the amount of
data that can be handled by a large computer system a formal method for handling data
is being implemented.  All data stored by the system can be automatically identified
with the user's name , project, the date and time, file sequence numbers and the
actual data name (ACME Notes FC-1, FI-3, FD-1, FF-1, FP-1, FE-l). Indexes to the
data are kept separately to facilitate updating, safekeeping, and search for data
previously collected (ACME Notes FA-1, FLU-l).  Storage modes are limited to
textual data and real type numeric data,  IBM support for the mechanicalstorage
device (the IBM 2321 pie file) did not arrive until February 15, 1967, and a con-
siderable percentage of the ACME effort is now going into the provision of the file
capability.

  The remainder of the system is operational and is able to support the hardware
maximum of 15 users at typewriter terminals,
quests. (ACME Notes IOA-2, 10-2, MA-l)    and to respond to real time data re-

  The majority of the system is written in FORTRAN, including the scheduling and
file supervisory mechanisms so that this system can be transformed to operate on
other equipment with a minimumof effort.  It also enables us to adjust the system
easily on the basis of data gathered from experience, to accommodate equipment change:,
and to introduce new ideas and procedures.

I 2.  THE PROGRAM TRANSLATOR
  The ACME/PL translator is a true incremental compiler.  As far as we can deter-
mine it is the only one currently in existence, even though much discussion on the
usefulness of such a tool in the timesharing environment has taken place.

  It generates absolute binary machine language code from the PL/l statements
typed in by the user.

  Through careful subsetting of the PL/l language (ACME Note PL-2) we can deliver
to the user a quality of computational power which is otherwise limited to batch
systems.  The compiler is operational, although language extensions continue to be
added.  This rapid development was again made possible largely due to the fact that
the predecessor to this compiler, the STUDENT compiler at the Berkeley Computation
Center IBM 7040-7094 system had been written in FORTRAN; that planning funds were
made available by the Josiah Macy foundation; that the Stanford 7090 system and the
IBM 360-50 computers at the Stanford Linear Accelerator and at the Allen-Babcock
Company were made available for testing and development (ACME Notes HL-2, HDC-1 and
YA-1).

PM-398 IREV. 6-64)

page 5-4


I

Continuation page

m 00311-02
     1

  Initial measurements of the performance of the generated code indicate a
slightly higher execution speed than IBM's PL/l compiler currently achieves, al-
though that compiler runs in a batch mode only, and considerably higher speeds than
interpretive systems as are generally in use now in interactive time-sharing systems
(ACME Notes KO-6, MT-2, ND-l, NT-b, NS-1).

  The compiler takes care also of command handling, (ACME Notes RC-1, LA-2, PC-2)
and user debugging facilities (ACME Notes RU-2, IX-3) and is designed to present to
the user a consistent one-level interface,  The user input/output facilities are not
yet completed, but available are the facilities we expect to be used generally: free
format multi-value input in response to system prompts and system formatted multi-
value output (ACME Notes FS-2, OF-l, OP-1, TV-2).

I 3.  DATA ACQUISITION AND DISTRIBUTION PROGRAMMING
   The programming to control realtime data acquisition and distribution has not
yet been integrated into the system.
facility was operating smoothly.    This work could not commence until the computer
                  We initially experienced considerable difficulty
in our efforts to keep information transfer compatible with IBM's Operating System
Standards.

  This goal required intensive and extensive study of the system (ACME Notes CP-2,
OS-2, CL-l, DN-1, DG-2).  We have overcome this hurdle now and we are very satisfied
with IBM design in this area.  A change of IBM support staff recently has helped us
also in the communication required with the manufacturer.  We are not able to com-
municate properly with non-IBM supported devices as PDP-8's, line-computers, dis-
plays, and data transmission apparatus,  The integration of these programs into the
time-sharing system is scheduled to begin May 1, 1967,
is expected in June.                     and limited user availability
            In the meantime, check-out of hardware and some production data
acquisition is taking place on a scheduled non-time-sharing basis using the software
in its current status.

I 4. MAN-MACHINE INTERACTION
  In order to improve the man-machine interaction ACME is equipping its terminals
with an indicator panel (ACME Note CI-2) so that the user is always aware of the
status of the computer and his problem,  In addition an ATTENTION Key has been pro-
grammed (ACME Note PA-2) to give the user ability to immediately interrupt whatever
action the system or his program is carrying out.  Another aspect of satisfying the
responsiveness of the system is the data acquisition implementation, which assures
that the user controls when his equipment is to be sampled (ACME Note HA-l).

I 5.  DATA TRANSMISSION TESTING AND DESIGN
  Considerable effort has been made in testing and developing means for economic
data transmisstion throughout a modern building such as the Stanford Medical School
(ACME Note HDT-1).

  This has led us to connect our IBM terminals to the IBM computer directly. The
use of telephone communication equipment is hereby avoided with an attendant cost
reduction.  The cost reduction is largely due to the fact that data transmission use
of voice telephone facilities,
mind, is less than ideal.    which are engineered with another set of problemsin
             An ACME built switching panel is located at the computer
operator's console for connecting users into the system (ACME Notes KA-1, KB-2, HSW-1
  From remote locations we use data-phone and voice frequency FM coded data trans-
mission.


                    Continuation page             m 00311-02

ACME has to thank the Instrumentation Research Laboratory of the Department of

ienetics who are sharing both their facilities and experience to make the current
Level of work possible.

5.  HARDWARE PRODUCTION AND INSTALLATION
  As a result of the field work detailed above, standard circuits have been

designed and built.  The majority of these used integrated circuit logic, and are
nounted and checked out within the ACME Facility (ACME Note m-1). These are now in
stock as off-the-shelf items and can be combined with standard power supplies in a
rack mounted units containing the required number and types of data input and output
ievices.  Two labs (Respiration and Pediatric Cardiology) are currently routinely
transmitting data via these links to ACME and the ACME Engineering staff is working
st the installation of additional links (ACME Note HT-1). An input/output typewrite:
has been connected to one input line to give lower case alphabetic keypunching cap-
ability (ACME Note KP-1).  A link to a small computer has recently been checked out
and others are being assembled.

  Much of this effort is being done on a cost sharing basis with the laboratories
involved, both to conserve ACME funds, and to insure joint real interest in the pro-
jects.

I

LIST OF TERMINALS REQUESTED TO DATE

NAME

Dr. WassermaqVan Kessel &
Dr. Luetcher
Dr. Bagshar!
Dr. T. Merigan
Dr. George Wertheim

Ed Brown
Dr. J. W. Bellville
Dr. K. M. Colby
Dr. K. L. Chow
Dr. E. Dong
Dr. Djerrassi
Dr. W. Forrest
Dr. Fred Fox
Dr. Allen Gates
Dr. A. Goldstein
Dr. D. Harrison
Dr. L. Herzenberg
Dr. A. M. Iannone
Dr. K. Killam
Dr. Kopell
Dr. J. Lederberg
Dr. S. Liebes
Dr. Mesel/Conn
Dr. Mesel/Northway
Dr. Mesel/Radiology
Dr. T. Nelson
W. Reynolds
Dr. L. Rosenberg
Dr. Stewart (3)
Dr. L. Stryer (2)

Dr. S. Kountz
J. Hwang

`M-398 IREV. 6-64)

DEPARTMENT            DATE OF INSTALLATION

Dept. of Medicine
Anesthesia
Computer Science Dept.
Neurology
Surgery
Genetics/Chemistry
Anesthesia
Clinical Lab.
Gynecology

Pharmacology
Cardiology
Genetics
Neurology
Pharmacology
Psychiatry, VAH
Genetics
Genetics
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
Surgery
Genetics
Med. Micro-Biology
Fleischman Lab.
Biochemistry
Dept. of Medicine
Dept.  of Medicine
Radiology
Infectious Diseases
Psychiatry

12/20/66
l/16/ 67
12/20/66
l/16/67

l/16/67
12/20/66

2/6/67

1/

'16/67

Surgery            l/16/67
Genetics
    Page  5-6


Continuation mae

FR 00311-02

I 7.  CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY
   In order to present data quickly in the high data rate interactive experiments,
cathode ray tube displays are of great value.  The data to be displayed in much
life-science work has the form of time series graphs,  annotated with the results of
the computer analysis.
   With this in mind, as a joint project of ACME and the Instrumentation Research
Laboratory a CRT display has been designed with the following features:
   1) Display tube is driven by digital logic to insure stability of display
   2) The digital logic is controlled by an independent memory to give an economic
      source for the required regeneration cycles.
   3) A memory organization is oriented toward vector display to allow effective
      use of the unit for time-series graphs,

   The proto-type of this unit is currently under test, being driven by FORTRAN
programs in the 360 and has demonstrated the feasibility of the approach,

  The cost of the parts has been about $6,500 of which the majority is accounted
for by the CRT tube itself and the core memory unit.  The connection to the computer
follows ACME small computer conventions and the programming logic is similar to the
driving of the CALCOMP digital plotters so that the same programs may be used,

I 8.  STATISTICAL AND TEXT PROCESSING LIBRARY
   A beginning has been made with the development of a library to process data on

this interactive system.

   A number of statistical highly interactive routines are currently available on
ACME's Babcock terminal (ACME Notes EB-1, EBA-1, EBB-l, EBD-1, EBL-l), while a survey
has been made of existing statistical routines (ACME Note ES-l) which are candidates
for inclusion in the system.  Testing of various of these is currently in progress,
whereas about a dozen are currently available to the users on the Babcock  terminal.
Much experience is being gathered to organize these routines so that they may be used
directly by the medical researcher without having to consult professional or semi-
professional programming staff.  It is hoped that by the end of the summer a fairly
complete statistical library will be available and that the efforts of the group can
then be diverted more to the problems of analyzing continously arriving data.

   As a by-product and extension of the compiler development some text processing
routines have become available.  These are not yet integrated into the timesharing
system, but are available on a stand-alone basis.  The current capabilities include
text sorting (ACME Notes KC-l, KH-5) concordance preparation, word list with fre-
quency count generation, key word in context type indexing and capability for spec-
ifying uninteresting words for deletion (stop words).  In the process of check-out
are options for searching-for sentences-containing-specific-words, text comparisons,
and generation of data for further statistical processing.. The routines are oriented
toward the processing of large files and economic usage of core memory. (ACME Note
WTXT-1) They have been used at Stanford for analyzing Rorschach test responses,
psychiatric diagnosis and setting up clinic appointments.

9.  CONSULTATION
  A fair amount of staff time has been spent in discussing with staff and faculty

of the medical school the feasibility and approach to a large number of projects.
ACME has gathered a good impression of the range of problems that the system will
have to respond Co,  and also found a few that cannot be solved with current technol-
ogy and facilities.  As a result of those discussions we are certain that the medical

school will quickly saturate every resource that can be made available through the
                                                                           ____-
PM-398 (REV. 6-641  system at its present leP981 of support.
                            5-7


                        Continuation page             FR OOJjll-02
I
10.  EDUCATION

   TO educate the medical faculty and staff in a manner that is directly related to
their problems is one of the tasks of a specialized medical facility. To enable an
early start for this area a terminal to the Allen-Babcock time-sharing system is
being rented through the Stanford Computation Center.

   A monthly seminar is being conducted to inform the medical school of the pro-
.gress with the Project, and to give us the opportunity to hear speakers from other
institutions discuss their work in relevant areas.

   During November through February a series of 15 four-and-a-half hour courses
were conducted which were successfully completed by 167 members of the medical school
faculty and staff.  (ACME Notes ABC-l thru 10)
   The current demand for these terminals, exceeds their availability to the
extent that weekly sign-up is required, despite this having only limited computing
capability and no data acquisition facilities.
  A user's manual (ACME Note AM-l) has just been drafted which again is oriented
towards solving medical research problems.  A new series of courses is due to start
in May using ACME's own facilities.

Ill.  EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION
  The installation of the computer equipment in the specially built structure was

finally completed on April 8, 1967.

  Due to delays in approval of the various funds used to construct a special
structure and adapt it to the computer's requirements , primitive and novel means were
used to enclose the computer and keep it operating while the construction progressed,
The dust has finally settled down and the facility is now not only functional, but
also extremely attractive and much commented on by visitors to the STANFORD-PALO ALTO
HOSPITAL and the Medical School.

  Thanks are due here to the Stanford Business School who made a computer floor
available, the medical school architect's office who believed that the impossible
was possible, and IBM who were willing to risk their equipment to the elements and
the construction crews,

12..  COMPUTER OPERATIONS

  The operation of the computer is handled through arrangements with the Stanford

Central Facility which enables us to secure reliable 24-hour-T-day staffing without
having to employ redundant back-up staff.  The technical aspect of operations is
supervised by a member of the ACME staff.  Full staffing has resulted in very reliabl
operations under unfavorable conditions and our machine has shown an availability
during the period from 12/12/66 to 4/09/67 of 4.5 per cent after scheduled main-
tenance (4.9).  Much of the computer's time is being used for ACME hardware check-
out.  The ACME System development takes priority currently, but users problems are
routinely run at least overnight.

  The system has a very poor batch performance since the requirements for time-.
sharing have taken precedence in both hardware and software selection. {ACME Notes
CN-2, CQ-1, DL-1, OD-1) It will be interesting to compare cost to productivity
ratios when the time-sharing service is in full swing,

Gio Wiederhold

PHS-398 (REV. 6.641

Page  5-8