-CITE-
    15 USC CHAPTER 52 - ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE RESEARCH,
           DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION                  01/03/2007
-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 15 - COMMERCE AND TRADE
    CHAPTER 52 - ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
                  DEMONSTRATION                   
-HEAD-
    CHAPTER 52 - ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
                               DEMONSTRATION
-MISC1-
    Sec.                                                     
    2501.       Congressional findings and policy.                    
    2502.       Definitions.                                          
    2503.       Duties of Secretary of Energy.                        
    2504.       Coordination between Secretary of Energy and other
                 agencies.                                            
    2505.       Research and development.                             
    2506.       Demonstrations.                                       
    2507.       Contracts.                                            
    2508.       Encouragement and protection of small business.       
    2509.       Loan guarantees.                                      
    2510.       Use of electric and hybrid vehicles by Federal
                 agencies.                                            
    2511.       Patents.                                              
    2512.       Studies.                                              
    2513.       Repealed.                                             
    2514.       Authorization for appropriations.                     
-End-
-CITE-
    15 USC Sec. 2501                                            01/03/2007
-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 15 - COMMERCE AND TRADE
    CHAPTER 52 - ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
                  DEMONSTRATION                   
-HEAD-
    Sec. 2501. Congressional findings and policy
-STATUTE-
      (a) The Congress finds and declares that - 
        (1) the Nation's dependence on foreign sources of petroleum
      must be reduced, as such dependence jeopardizes national
      security, inhibits foreign policy, and undermines economic well-
      being;
        (2) the Nation's balance of payments is threatened by the need
      to import oil for the production of liquid fuel for gasoline-
      powered vehicles;
        (3) the single largest use of petroleum supplies is in the
      field of transportation, for gasoline- and diesel-powered motor
      vehicles;
        (4) the expeditious introduction of electric and hybrid
      vehicles into the Nation's transportation fleet would
      substantially reduce such use and dependence;
        (5) such introduction is practicable and would be advantageous
      because - 
          (A) most urban driving consists of short trips, which are
        within the capability of electric and hybrid vehicles;
          (B) much rural and agricultural driving of automobiles,
        tractors, and trucks is within the capability of such vehicles;
          (C) electric and hybrid vehicles are more reliable and
        practical now than in the past because propulsion, control, and
        battery technologies have improved, and further significant
        improvements in such technologies are possible in the near
        term;
          (D) electric and hybrid vehicles use little or no energy when
        stopped in traffic, in contrast to conventional automobiles and
        trucks;
          (E) the power requirements of such vehicles could be
        satisfied by charging them during off-peak periods when
        existing electric generating plants are underutilized, thereby
        permitting more efficient use of existing generating capacity;
          (F) such vehicles do not emit any significant pollutants or
        noise; and
          (G) it is environmentally desirable for transportation
        systems to be powered from central sources, because pollutants
        emitted from stationary sources (such as electric generating
        plants) are potentially easier to control than pollutants
        emitted from moving vehicles; and
        (6) the introduction of electric and hybrid vehicles would be
      facilitated by the establishment of a Federal program of
      research, development, and demonstration to explore electric and
      hybrid vehicle technologies.
      (b) It is therefore declared to be the policy of the Congress in
    this chapter to - 
        (1) encourage and support accelerated research into, and
      development of, electric and hybrid vehicle technologies;
        (2) demonstrate the economic and technological practicability
      of electric and hybrid vehicles for personal and commercial use
      in urban areas and for agricultural and personal use in rural
      areas;
        (3) facilitate, and remove barriers to, the use of electric and
      hybrid vehicles in lieu of gasoline- and diesel-powered motor
      vehicles, where practicable; and
        (4) promote the substitution of electric and hybrid vehicles
      for many gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles currently used in
      routine short-haul, low-load applications, where such
      substitution would be beneficial.
-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 94-413, Sec. 2, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1260.)
-MISC1-
                                SHORT TITLE                            
      Section 1 of Pub. L. 94-413 provided: "That this Act [enacting
    this chapter and amending sections 2451 and 2473 of Title 42, The
    Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the 'Electric and Hybrid
    Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1976'."
-End-
-CITE-
    15 USC Sec. 2502                                            01/03/2007
-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 15 - COMMERCE AND TRADE
    CHAPTER 52 - ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
                  DEMONSTRATION                   
-HEAD-
    Sec. 2502. Definitions
-STATUTE-
      As used in this chapter, the term - 
        (1) Omitted
        (2) "advanced electric or hybrid vehicle" means a vehicle which
      - 
          (A) minimizes the total amount of energy to be consumed with
        respect to its fabrication, operation, and disposal, and
        represents a substantial improvement over existing electric and
        hybrid vehicles with respect to the total amount of energy so
        consumed;
          (B) is capable of being mass-produced and operated at a cost
        and in a manner which is sufficiently competitive to enable it
        to be produced and sold in numbers representing a reasonable
        portion of the market;
          (C) is safe, damage-resistant, easy to repair, durable, and
        operates with sufficient performance with respect to
        acceleration, cold-weather starting, cruising speed, and other
        performance factors; and
          (D) at a minimum, can be produced, distributed, operated, and
        disposed of in compliance with any applicable requirement of
        Federal law;
        (3) "commercial electric or hybrid vehicle" includes any
      electric or hybrid vehicle which can be used (A) for business or
      agricultural production purposes on farms (e.g. tractors and
      trucks) or in rural areas, or (B) for commercial purposes in
      urban areas;
        (4) "electric vehicle" means a vehicle which is powered by an
      electric motor drawing current from rechargeable storage
      batteries, fuel cells, or other portable sources of electrical
      current, and which may include a nonelectrical source of power
      designed to charge batteries and components thereof;
        (5) "hybrid vehicle" means a vehicle propelled by a combination
      of an electric motor and an internal combustion engine or other
      power source and components thereof;
        (6) "project" means the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research,
      Development, and Demonstration Project established under section
      2503(a) of this title;
        (7) Omitted
        (8) "small business concern" shall have the meaning prescribed
      by the Secretary of Energy after consultation with the Small
      Business Administration.
-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 94-413, Sec. 3, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1261; Pub. L. 95-
    91, title III, Sec. 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577.)
-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      Par. (1), which read " 'Administrator' means the Administrator of
    the Energy Research and Development Administration", has been
    omitted from the Code in view of the termination of the Energy
    Research and Development Administration and the transfer of the
    functions of the Administration and the Administrator thereof to
    the Secretary of Energy pursuant to sections 301(a) and 703 of Pub.
    L. 95-91 which are classified to sections 7151(a) and 7293 of Title
    42, The Public Health and Welfare. "Secretary of Energy" has been
    substituted for "Administrator" wherever appearing in this chapter.
      Par. (7), which read " 'Secretary' means the Secretary of
    Transportation", has been omitted from the Code as unnecessary. In
    view of the substitution of "Secretary of Energy" for
    "Administrator" in this chapter, and for clarity, "Secretary of
    Transportation" has been substituted for "Secretary" wherever
    appearing in this chapter.
-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      In par. (8), "Secretary of Energy" substituted for
    "Administrator" pursuant to section 301(a) of Pub. L. 95-91, see
    Codification note set out above.
-End-
-CITE-
    15 USC Sec. 2503                                            01/03/2007
-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 15 - COMMERCE AND TRADE
    CHAPTER 52 - ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
                  DEMONSTRATION                   
-HEAD-
    Sec. 2503. Duties of Secretary of Energy
-STATUTE-
    (a) Establishment of project
      The Secretary of Energy shall promptly establish, as an
    organizational entity within the Department of Energy, the Electric
    and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration
    Project.
    (b) Management of project; arrangements with competent agencies
      The Secretary of Energy shall have the responsibility for the
    overall management of the project. The Secretary of Energy may
    enter into any agreement or other arrangement with the National
    Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of
    Transportation, the National Science Foundation, the Environmental
    Protection Agency, the Department of Housing and Urban Development,
    the Department of Agriculture, or any other Federal agency,
    pursuant to which such agency shall conduct such specified parts or
    aspects of the project as the Secretary of Energy deems necessary
    or appropriate and within the particular competence of such agency,
    to the extent that such agency has capabilities which would enable
    it to contribute to the success of the project and the attainment
    of the purposes of this chapter.
    (c) Promotion of research and development; demonstration projects;
      consumer needs; resulting changes
      In providing for the effective management of this project, the
    Secretary of Energy shall have specific responsibility to - 
        (1) promote basic and applied research on electric and hybrid
      vehicle batteries, controls, and motors;
        (2) determine optimum overall electric and hybrid vehicle
      design;
        (3) conduct demonstration projects with respect to the
      feasibility of commercial electric and hybrid vehicles (A) by
      contracting for the purchase or lease of electric and hybrid
      vehicles for practical use, and (B) by entering into
      arrangements, with other governmental entities and with
      nongovernmental entities, for the operation of such vehicles;
        (4) ascertain consumer needs and desires so as to match the
      design of electric and hybrid vehicles to their potential market;
      and
        (5) ascertain the long-term changes in road design, urban
      planning, traffic management, maintenance facilities, utility
      rate structures, and tax policies which are needed to facilitate
      the manufacture and use of electric and hybrid vehicles in
      accordance with sections 2512 and 2513 (!1) of this title.
-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 94-413, Sec. 4, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1262; Pub. L. 95-
    91, title III, Sec. 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577.)
-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      Section 2513 of this title, referred to in subsec. (c)(5), was
    repealed by Pub. L. 104-66, title I, Sec. 1051(o), Dec. 21, 1995,
    109 Stat. 717.
-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      "Department of Energy" substituted for "Energy Research and
    Development Administration" in subsec. (a), and "Secretary of
    Energy" substituted for "Administrator" wherever appearing,
    pursuant to section 301(a) of Pub. L. 95-91, see Codification note
    set out under section 2502 of this title.
-FOOTNOTE-
    (!1) See References in Text note below.
-End-
-CITE-
    15 USC Sec. 2504                                            01/03/2007
-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 15 - COMMERCE AND TRADE
    CHAPTER 52 - ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
                  DEMONSTRATION                   
-HEAD-
    Sec. 2504. Coordination between Secretary of Energy and other
      agencies
-STATUTE-
    (a) Consultation with Secretary of Transportation
      In carrying out the project established under section 2503 of
    this title, the Secretary of Energy shall, to the maximum extent
    practicable, consult and coordinate with the Secretary of
    Transportation, with respect to any functions of the Secretary of
    Energy under this chapter which relate to regulatory activities or
    other responsibilities of the Secretary of Transportation,
    including safety and damageability programs.
    (b) Assistance from other agencies
      Each department, agency, and instrumentality of the executive
    branch of the Federal Government shall carefully consider any
    written request from the Secretary of Energy, or the head of any
    agency to which the Secretary of Energy has delegated
    responsibility for specified parts or aspects of the project, to
    furnish such assistance, on a reimbursable basis, as the Secretary
    of Energy or such head deems necessary to carry out the project and
    to achieve the purposes of this chapter. Such assistance may
    include transfer of personnel with their consent and without
    prejudice to their position and rating.
-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 94-413, Sec. 5, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1262; Pub. L. 95-
    91, title III, Sec. 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577.)
-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      In subsec. (a), "Secretary of Transportation" substituted for
    "Secretary" for clarity, see Codification note set out under
    section 2502 of this title.
-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      "Secretary of Energy" substituted in text for "Administrator"
    pursuant to section 301(a) of Pub. L. 95-91, see Codification note
    set out under section 2502 of this title.
-End-
-CITE-
    15 USC Sec. 2505                                            01/03/2007
-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 15 - COMMERCE AND TRADE
    CHAPTER 52 - ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
                  DEMONSTRATION                   
-HEAD-
    Sec. 2505. Research and development
-STATUTE-
      The Secretary of Energy, acting through appropriate agencies and
    contractors, shall initiate and provide for the conduct of research
    and development in areas related to electric and hybrid vehicles,
    including - 
        (1) energy storage technology, including batteries and their
      potential for convenient recharging;
        (2) vehicle control systems and overall design for energy
      conservation, including the use of regenerative braking;
        (3) urban design and traffic management to promote maximum
      transportation-related energy conservation and minimum
      transportation-related degradation of the environment; and
        (4) vehicle design which emphasizes durability, length of
      practical lifetime, ease of repair, and interchangeability and
      replaceability of parts.
-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 94-413, Sec. 6, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1263; Pub. L. 95-
    91, title III, Sec. 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577.)
-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      "Secretary of Energy" substituted in text for "Administrator"
    pursuant to section 301(a) of Pub. L. 95-91, see Codification note
    set out under section 2502 of this title.
-End-
-CITE-
    15 USC Sec. 2506                                            01/03/2007
-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 15 - COMMERCE AND TRADE
    CHAPTER 52 - ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
                  DEMONSTRATION                   
-HEAD-
    Sec. 2506. Demonstrations
-STATUTE-
    (a) Data development; baseline data; acquisition of vehicles
      Within 12 months after September 17, 1976, the Secretary of
    Energy shall develop data characterizing the present state-of-the-
    art with respect to electric and hybrid vehicles. The data so
    developed shall serve as baseline data to be utilized in order (1)
    to compare improvements in electric and hybrid vehicle
    technologies; (2) to assist in establishing the performance
    standards under subsection (b)(1) of this section; and (3) to
    otherwise assist in carrying out the purposes of this section. In
    developing any such data, the Secretary of Energy shall purchase or
    lease a reasonable number of such vehicles or enter into such other
    arrangements as the Secretary of Energy deems necessary to carry
    out the purposes of this subsection.
    (b) Performance standards; factors considered; vehicle uses;
      revision; transmission of standards to Congress
      (1) Within 15 months after September 17, 1976, the Secretary of
    Energy shall promulgate rules establishing performance standards
    for electric and hybrid vehicles to be purchased or leased pursuant
    to subsection (c)(1) of this section. The standards so developed
    shall take into account the factors of energy conservation, urban
    traffic characteristics, patterns of use for "second" vehicles,
    consumer preferences, maintenance needs, battery recharging
    characteristics, agricultural requirements, materials demand and
    their ability to be recycled, vehicle safety and insurability,
    cost, and other relevant considerations, as such factors and
    considerations particularly apply to or affect vehicles with
    electric or hybrid propulsion systems. Such standards are to be
    developed taking into account (A) the best current state-of-the-
    art, and (B) reasonable estimates as to the future state-of-the-
    art, based on projections of results from the research and
    development conducted under section 2505 of this title. In
    developing such standards, the Secretary of Energy shall consult
    with appropriate experts concerning design needs for electric and
    hybrid vehicles which are compatible with long-range urban
    planning, traffic management, and vehicle safety.
      (2) Separate performance standards shall be established under
    subsection (b)(1) of this section with respect to (A) electric or
    hybrid vehicles for personal use, and (B) commercial electric or
    hybrid vehicles. Such performance standards shall represent the
    minimum level of performance which is required with respect to any
    vehicles purchased or leased pursuant to subsection (c) of this
    section. Initial performance standards under subsection (b)(1) of
    this section shall be set at such levels as the Secretary of Energy
    determines are necessary to promote the acquisition and use of such
    vehicles for transportation purposes which are within the
    capability (as determined by the Secretary of Energy) of electric
    and hybrid vehicles.
      (3) Such performance standards shall be revised, by rule,
    periodically as the state-of-the-art improves.
      (4) The Secretary of Energy shall transmit to the Speaker of the
    House of Representatives and the President of the Senate, and to
    the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
    of the Senate, the performance standards developed under paragraph
    (1) and all revised performance standards established in connection
    with the demonstrations specified in subsection (c)(2) of this
    section.
    (c) Contracts for vehicle purchase or lease; delivery requirements;
      demonstration criteria and duration; availability of information
      for leasing and procurements
      (1) The Secretary of Energy shall, within 6 months after the date
    of promulgation of performance standards pursuant to subsection
    (b)(1) of this section, institute the first contracts for the
    purchase or lease of electric or hybrid vehicles which satisfy the
    performance standards set forth under subsection (b)(1) of this
    section. The delivery of such vehicles shall be completed according
    to the expedited best effort of the administering agency and the
    selected manufacturer. To the extent practicable, vehicles
    purchased or leased under such contracts shall represent a cross-
    section of the available technologies and of actual or potential
    vehicle use.
      (2) Thereafter, according to a planned schedule, the Secretary of
    Energy shall contract for the purchase or lease of additional
    electric or hybrid vehicles which satisfy amended performance
    standards and represent continuing improvements in state-of-the-
    art. In conducting demonstrations, the Secretary of Energy shall
    consider - 
        (A) the need and intent of the Congress to stimulate and
      encourage private sector production as well as public knowledge,
      acceptance, and use of electric and hybrid vehicles; and
        (B) demonstration of varying degrees of vehicle operations,
      management, and control for maximum widespread effectiveness and
      exposure to public use.
      (3) The demonstration period shall extend through the fiscal year
    1986, with purchase or leasing continuing through the fiscal year
    1984. During the demonstration period the Secretary of Energy shall
    demonstrate 7,500 to 10,000 electric and hybrid vehicles. No more
    than 400 vehicles may be procured for this purpose during fiscal
    year 1978. In order to allow industry time for advanced planning,
    the size and nature of projected electric and hybrid vehicle
    leasing and procurements will be made public by the administering
    agency. Publications under the preceding sentence (each covering a
    period of two years) shall be released annually starting at an
    appropriate time in the fiscal year 1978.
    (d) Arrangements for the demonstration of vehicles
      The Secretary of Energy, in supervising the demonstration of
    vehicles acquired under subsection (c) of this section, shall make
    such arrangements as may be necessary or appropriate - 
        (1)(A) to make such vehicles available to Federal agencies and
      to State or local governments and other persons for individual or
      business use (including farms). The individuals and businesses
      involved shall be selected by an equitable process which assures
      that the Secretary of Energy will receive accurate and adequate
      data on vehicle performance, including representative
      geographical and climatological information and data on user
      reaction to the utilization of electric and hybrid vehicles. Such
      individuals and businesses shall be given the option of
      purchasing or leasing such vehicles under terms and conditions
      which will promote their widespread use;
        (B) to pay the differential operating costs of such vehicles to
      the extent necessary to assure the adequate demonstration of such
      vehicles;
        (2) for demonstration maintenance projects, including
      maintenance organization and equipment needs and model training
      projects for maintenance procedures; and
        (3) for the dissemination of data on electric and hybrid
      vehicle safety and operating characteristics (including
      nontechnical descriptive data which shall be made available by
      the Government Printing Office) (A) to Federal, State, and local
      consumer affairs agencies and groups; (B) to Federal, State, and
      local agricultural and rural agencies and groups; and (C) to the
      public.
    (e) Displacement of private procurement; reports to congressional
      committees; reduction of number purchased
      (1) At least 60 days prior to entering into any contract for the
    purchase or lease of any electric or hybrid vehicle under
    subsection (c)(1) of this section or any advanced electric or
    hybrid vehicle under subsection (c)(2) of this section, the
    Secretary of Energy shall determine (A) if the purchase or lease of
    the number of such vehicles specified in such subsection (c)(1) or
    (c)(2) of this section will, with high probability, displace the
    normal level of private procurement of such vehicles which would
    conform to the applicable performance standards promulgated
    pursuant to subsection (b) of this section and which would be used
    in the United States, and (B) if such displacement will occur, the
    necessary extent of such displacement in order to carry out the
    purposes of this chapter.
      (2) The Secretary of Energy shall reduce the number of vehicles
    for which he shall contract for the purchase or lease under
    subsection (c)(1) or (c)(2) of this section by the number
    determined under subsection (e)(1)(A) of this section as modified
    by subsection (e)(1)(B) of this section, except in no event shall
    he contract for the purchase or lease pursuant to subsection (c)(1)
    of this section of less than 1,000 electric or hybrid vehicles, and
    in no event shall he contract for the purchase or lease pursuant to
    subsection (c)(2) of this section of less than 2,500 advanced
    electric or hybrid vehicles unless he determines on the basis of
    responses to the solicitations for proposals for such contracts,
    under the provisions of subsections (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this
    section that lesser numbers of such vehicles which satisfy the
    applicable performance standards will be available within the
    delivery periods. All other provisions of subsection (c) of this
    section shall apply.
-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 94-413, Sec. 7, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1263; Pub. L. 95-
    91, title III, Sec. 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577; Pub. L. 95-
    238, title VI, Sec. 601, Feb. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 91; Pub. L. 96-
    470, title I, Sec. 105, Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2238; Pub. L. 97-
    375, title I, Sec. 106(b), Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1820; Pub. L.
    103-437, Sec. 5(d)(1), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4582.)
-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1994 - Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 103-437 substituted "Committee on
    Science, Space, and Technology" for "Committee on Science and
    Technology".
      1982 - Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 97-375 struck out provision that
    at the time any determination on the displacement of private
    procurement of hybrid vehicles was made, that Secretary of Energy
    transmit such determination, with relevant supporting information,
    to the Committee on Science and Technology of the House and the
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
      1980 - Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 96-470 struck out par. (4) which
    provided that if the Administrator determines on the basis of his
    annual review of the program that at least 200 vehicles cannot be
    added to the project during fiscal year 1978, at least 600 during
    fiscal year 1979, at least 1,700 during fiscal year 1980, and at
    least 7,500 in the aggregate during the fiscal years 1981 through
    1984, he immediately forward a detailed explanation to Congress.
      1978 - Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 95-238, Sec. 601(a), struck out
    requirement that rules promulgated under par. (1) be amended not
    later than 6 months prior to the date for contracts specified in
    subsec. (c)(2) of this section.
      Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 95-238, Sec. 601(b), substituted
    provisions relating to transmission of standards developed under
    par. (1) and all revised standards established in connection with
    the demonstrations specified in subsec. (c)(2) of this section, for
    provisions relating to transmission of standards developed under
    par. (1) as revised and currently in effect prior to contracts for
    the production of vehicles under subsec. (c)(2) of this section.
      Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95-238, Sec. 601(c), in par. (1) substituted
    provisions relating to the first contracts for purchase or lease of
    vehicles and delivery of such vehicles, for provisions relating to
    contracts for the purchase or lease of 2,500 vehicles and delivery
    of such vehicles within 39 months after Sept. 17, 1976, in par. (2)
    substituted provisions relating to contracts for the purchase or
    lease of additional vehicles which satisfy amended performance
    standards and are improvements in the state-of-the-art and criteria
    for demonstrations, for provisions relating to contracts for the
    purchase or lease of 5,000 advanced vehicles and delivery of such
    vehicles within 72 months after Sept. 17, 1976, with an extention
    of the delivery period for 6 additional months, and added pars. (3)
    and (4).
-CHANGE-
                              CHANGE OF NAME                          
      Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of House of
    Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Science of
    House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104-14, set out
    as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress.
-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      "Secretary of Energy" substituted for "Administrator" in subsecs.
    (a), (b)(1), (2), (d), and (e) pursuant to section 301(a) of Pub.
    L. 95-91, see Codification note set out under section 2502 of this
    title.
-End-
-CITE-
    15 USC Sec. 2507                                            01/03/2007
-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 15 - COMMERCE AND TRADE
    CHAPTER 52 - ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
                  DEMONSTRATION                   
-HEAD-
    Sec. 2507. Contracts
-STATUTE-
    (a) Research, development, and demonstration
      The Secretary of Energy shall provide funds, by contract, to
    initiate, continue, supplement, and maintain research, development,
    and demonstration activities which are necessary to carry out the
    purposes of the project. The Secretary of Energy may enter into
    such contracts with any Federal agency, laboratory, university,
    nonprofit organization, industrial organization, public or private
    agency, institution, organization, corporation, partnership, or
    individual.
    (b) Consultation
      In addition to the requirements of sections 2503 and 2504 of this
    title, the Secretary of Energy, in the exercise of his duties and
    responsibilities under this section, shall consult with the
    Department of Transportation, the Environmental Protection Agency,
    the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department
    of Agriculture, and representatives of other appropriate Federal
    agencies, and shall establish procedures for periodic consultation
    with representatives of science, industry, and such other groups as
    may have special expertise in electric and hybrid vehicle research,
    development, and demonstration.
    (c) Rules of Secretary of Energy; funding applications; required
      advertising
      Each contract under this section shall be entered into in
    accordance with such rules as the Secretary of Energy may prescribe
    in accordance with the provisions of this section. Each application
    for funding shall be made in writing in such form and with such
    content and other submissions as the Secretary of Energy shall
    require. The Secretary of Energy may enter into contracts under
    this section without regard to section 5 of title 41.
    (d) Purchase or lease of demonstration vehicles pursuant to
      agreements and utilization of Federal forms of assistance and
      participation authorized under other statutory provisions
      In addition to contracting for the purchase or lease of vehicles
    when conducting the demonstrations established under section 2506
    of this title, the Secretary of Energy may acquire or secure use of
    such vehicles, or have such vehicles acquired or used by others, by
    making agreements and utilizing various forms of Federal assistance
    and participation which is authorized under the Energy
    Reorganization Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-438) [42 U.S.C. 5801 et
    seq.] and the Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research and Development
    Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-577) [42 U.S.C. 5901 et seq.].
    (e) Cost-sharing and use of American materials for demonstrations
      When contracting and otherwise using Federal funds to conduct
    demonstrations under this chapter, the Secretary of Energy shall
    seek cost-sharing with others to the maximum extent practical.
    During the first 2 years of demonstration activities the Secretary
    of Energy may enter into procurement or lease contracts for
    purposes of carrying out demonstrations under this chapter without
    regard to the provisions of title III of the Act of March 3, 1933
    (47 Stat. 1520; 41 U.S.C. 10a-10c).
-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 94-413, Sec. 8, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1266; Pub. L. 95-
    91, title III, Sec. 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577; Pub. L. 95-
    238, title VI, Sec. 602, Feb. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 92.)
-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-438),
    referred to in subsec. (d), is Pub. L. 93-438, Oct. 11, 1974, 88
    Stat. 1233, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter
    73 (Sec. 5801 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
    For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short
    Title note set out under section 5801 of Title 42 and Tables.
      The Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research and Development Act of
    1974 (Public Law 93-577), referred to in subsec. (d), is Pub. L. 93-
    577, Dec. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 1878, as amended, which is classified
    generally to chapter 74 (Sec. 5901 et seq.) of Title 42. For
    complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title
    note set out under section 5901 of Title 42 and Tables.
      Title III of the Act of March 3, 1933 (47 Stat. 1520; 41 U.S.C.
    10a-10c), referred to in subsec. (e), is title III of act Mar. 3,
    1933, ch. 212, 47 Stat. 1520, as amended, known as the Buy American
    Act, which is classified generally to sections 10a, 10b, and 10c of
    Title 41, Public Contracts. For complete classification of this Act
    to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 10a of
    Title 41 and Tables.
-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      In subsec. (b), the words "the Federal Energy Administration,"
    which followed "Environmental Protection Agency," have been omitted
    from the Code in view of the termination of the Federal Energy
    Administration and the transfer of the functions of the
    Administration to the Secretary of Energy pursuant to sections
    301(a) and 703 of Pub. L. 95-91 which are classified to sections
    7151(a) and 7293 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. This
    transfer would result in this phrase being redundant in that it
    would provide for the Secretary of Energy to consult with the
    Secretary of Energy.
-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1978 - Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 95-238 added subsecs. (d) and
    (e).
-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      "Secretary of Energy" substituted for "Administrator" in subsecs.
    (a) to (c) and the first time it appears in subsec. (e) pursuant to
    section 301(a) of Pub. L. 95-91, see Codification note set out
    under section 2502 of this title.
-End-
-CITE-
    15 USC Sec. 2508                                            01/03/2007
-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 15 - COMMERCE AND TRADE
    CHAPTER 52 - ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
                  DEMONSTRATION                   
-HEAD-
    Sec. 2508. Encouragement and protection of small business
-STATUTE-
    (a) Opportunity to participate
      The Secretary of Energy shall take such steps as are feasible to
    assure that small business concerns have a realistic and adequate
    opportunity to participate in the project.
    (b) Reservation of funds
      To assist in accomplishing the objectives of subsection (a) of
    this section, the Secretary of Energy shall reserve, for contracts
    with small business concerns, a reasonable portion of the funds
    made available pursuant to this chapter for research, development,
    or demonstration of electric or hybrid vehicles.
    (c) Contract terms and conditions; planning grants
      The Secretary of Energy shall, in addition to the requirements
    set forth in subsections (a) and (b) of this section - 
        (1) include in all contracts for research, development, or
      demonstration of electric or hybrid vehicles such terms,
      conditions, and payment schedules as may assist in meeting the
      needs of small business concerns, and shall take steps to avoid
      the inclusion in such contracts of any terms, conditions, or
      penalties which would tend to prevent such concerns from
      participating in the program under this chapter; and
        (2) make planning grants available to qualified small business
      concerns which require assistance in developing, submitting, and
      entering into such contracts.
-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 94-413, Sec. 9, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1266; Pub. L. 95-
    91, title III, Sec. 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577.)
-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      "Secretary of Energy" substituted in text for "Administrator"
    pursuant to section 301(a) of Pub. L. 95-91, see Codification note
    set out under section 2502 of this title.
-End-
-CITE-
    15 USC Sec. 2509                                            01/03/2007
-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 15 - COMMERCE AND TRADE
    CHAPTER 52 - ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
                  DEMONSTRATION                   
-HEAD-
    Sec. 2509. Loan guarantees
-STATUTE-
    (a) Congressional policy
      It is the policy of the Congress to assist in the introduction
    into the Nation's transportation fleet of electric and hybrid
    vehicles and to assure that qualified small business concerns and
    other qualified borrowers are not excluded from participation in
    such development due to lack of adequate capital. Accordingly, it
    is the policy of the Congress to provide guarantees of loans made
    for such purposes.
    (b) Encouragement of commercial production; purpose of loans
      In order to encourage the commercial production of electric and
    hybrid vehicles, the Secretary of Energy is authorized to
    guarantee, and to enter into commitments to guarantee, principal
    and interest on loans made by lenders to qualified borrowers,
    primarily small business concerns, for the purposes of - 
        (1) research and development related to electric and hybrid
      vehicle technology;
        (2) prototype development for such vehicles and parts thereof;
        (3) construction of capital equipment related to research on,
      and development and production of, electric and hybrid vehicles
      and components; or
        (4) initial operating expenses associated with the development
      and production of electric and hybrid vehicles and components.
    (c) Maximum amount of loan guarantee
      Any guarantee under this section shall apply only to so much of
    the principal amount of the loan involved as does not exceed 90
    percentum of the aggregate cost of the activity with respect to
    which the loan is made.
    (d) Terms and conditions of guarantee
      Loan guarantees under this section shall be on such terms and
    conditions as the Secretary of Energy determines, except that a
    guarantee shall be made under this section only if - 
        (1) the loan bears interest at a rate not to exceed such annual
      percent on the principal obligation outstanding as the Secretary
      of Energy determines to be reasonable, taking into account the
      range of interest rates prevailing in the private sector for
      similar loans and risks by the United States;
        (2) the terms of such loan require full repayment over a period
      not to exceed 15 years;
        (3) in the judgment of the Secretary of Energy, the amount of
      the loan (when combined with amounts available to the qualified
      borrower from other sources) will be sufficient to carry out the
      activity with respect to which the loan is made;
        (4) in the judgment of the Secretary of Energy, there is
      reasonable assurance of repayment of the loan by the qualified
      borrower; and
        (5) no loan shall be guaranteed by the Secretary of Energy
      under subsection (b) of this section unless the Secretary of
      Energy finds that no other reasonable means of financing or
      refinancing is reasonably available to the applicant.
    (e) Maximum guarantee per loan; maximum of aggregate guarantees;
      Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Development Fund; establishment,
      funding, etc.
      (1) The amount of the guarantee of any loan shall not exceed
    $3,000,000, unless the Secretary of Energy finds that a higher
    guarantee level for specific loan guarantees is necessary in order
    to carry out the purposes of this chapter. If the Secretary of
    Energy makes such finding, he shall immediately report that finding
    to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the President of
    the Senate, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the
    House of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science,
    and Transportation of the Senate.
      (2) The aggregate amount of guarantees outstanding under this
    section at any one time shall not exceed $60,000,000.
      (3)(A) There is established in the Treasury of the United States
    an Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Development Fund (hereinafter in
    this paragraph referred to as the "fund"), which shall be available
    to the Secretary of Energy for carrying out the loan guarantee and
    principal and interest assistance program authorized by this
    chapter, including the payment of administrative expenses incurred
    in connection therewith. Moneys in the fund not needed for current
    operations may, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury,
    be invested in bonds or other obligations of, or guaranteed by, the
    United States.
      (B) There shall be paid into the fund such part of the amounts
    appropriated pursuant to section 2514 of this title as the
    Secretary of Energy deems necessary to carry out the purposes of
    this chapter and such amounts as may be returned to the United
    States pursuant to subsection (g) of this section, and the amounts
    in the fund shall remain available until expended, except that
    after the expiration of the 7-year period established by subsection
    (h) of this section such amounts in the fund as are not required to
    secure outstanding guarantee obligations shall be paid into the
    general fund of the Treasury.
      (C) If at any time the moneys available in the fund are
    insufficient to enable the Secretary of Energy to discharge his
    responsibilities under this section, he shall issue to the
    Secretary of the Treasury notes or other obligations in such forms
    and denominations, bearing such maturities, and subject to such
    terms and conditions as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the
    Treasury. This borrowing authority shall be effective only to such
    extent or in such amounts as are specified in appropriation Acts.
    Such authority shall be without fiscal year limitation. Redemption
    of such notes or obligations shall be made by the Secretary of
    Energy from appropriations or other moneys available under this
    chapter. Such notes or other obligations shall bear interest at a
    rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, which shall not
    be less than a rate determined by taking into consideration the
    average market yield on outstanding marketable obligations of the
    United States of comparable maturities during the month preceding
    the issuance of the notes or other obligations. The Secretary of
    the Treasury shall purchase any notes or other obligations issued
    hereunder and for that purpose he is authorized to use as a public
    debt transaction the proceeds from the sale of any securities
    issued under chapter 31 of title 31, and the purposes for which
    securities may be issued under that chapter are extended to include
    any purchase of such notes or obligations. The Secretary of the
    Treasury may at any time sell any of the notes or other obligations
    acquired by him under this subsection. All redemptions, purchases,
    and sales by the Secretary of the Treasury of such notes or other
    obligations shall be treated as public debt transactions of the
    United States.
      (D) Business-type financial reports covering the operations of
    the fund shall be submitted to the Congress by the Secretary of
    Energy annually upon the completion of the appropriate accounting
    period.
    (f) Qualified borrower
      As used in this section, the term "qualified borrower" means any
    partnership, corporation, or other legal entity which (as
    determined by the Secretary of Energy) has presented satisfactory
    evidence of an interest in electric or hybrid vehicle technology
    and is capable of performing research or completing the development
    and production of electric or hybrid vehicles or any components
    thereof in an acceptable manner.
    (g) Payment of principal and interest; default; recovery of losses
      (1) With respect to any loan guaranteed pursuant to this section,
    the Secretary of Energy is authorized to enter into a contract to
    pay, and to pay, the lender for and on behalf of the borrower the
    principal and interest charges which become due and payable on the
    unpaid balance of such loan if the Secretary of Energy finds - 
        (A) that the borrower is unable to meet principal and interest
      charges, that it is in the public interest to permit the borrower
      to continue to pursue the purposes of the project, and that the
      probable net cost to the Federal Government in paying such
      principal will be less than that which would result in the event
      of a default; and
        (B) that the amount of such principal and interest charges
      which the Secretary of Energy is authorized to pay shall be no
      greater than the amount of principal and interest which the
      borrower is obligated to pay under the loan agreement.
      (2) In the event of any default by a qualified borrower on a
    guaranteed loan, the Secretary of Energy is authorized to make
    payment in accordance with the guarantee, and the Attorney General
    shall take such action as may be appropriate to recover the amounts
    of such payments (including any payment of principal and interest
    under paragraph (1)) from such assets of the defaulting borrower as
    are associated with the activity with respect to which the loan was
    made or from any other surety included in the terms of the
    guarantee.
    (h) Seven year limitation
      No loan guarantee shall be made, or interest assistance contracts
    entered into, pursuant to this section, after the expiration of the
    7-year period following September 17, 1976.
    (i) Citizenship of applicant; corporations; waiver
      An applicant seeking a guarantee under this section must be a
    citizen or national of the United States. A corporation,
    partnership, firm, or association shall not be deemed to be a
    citizen or national of the United States unless the Secretary of
    Energy determines that it satisfactorily meets all the requirements
    of section 50501 of title 46, for determining such citizenship,
    except that the provisions in subsections (a) and (b) of such
    section 50501 concerning (1) the citizenship of officers or
    directors of a corporation, and (2) the interest required to be
    owned in the case of a corporation, association, or partnership
    operating a vessel in the coastwise trade, shall not be applicable.
    The Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of
    State, may waive such requirements in the case of a corporation,
    partnership, firm, or association, controlling interest in which is
    owned by citizens of countries which are participants in the
    International Energy Agreement.
    (j) Pledge of full faith and credit of United States
      The full faith and credit of the United States is pledged to the
    payment of all obligations incurred under this section.
-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 94-413, Sec. 10, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1267; Pub. L. 95-
    91, title III, Sec. 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577; Pub. L. 95-
    238, title VI, Sec. 603, Feb. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 93; Pub. L. 103-
    437, Sec. 5(d)(2), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4582.)
-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      In subsec. (e)(3)(C), "chapter 31 of title 31" and "that chapter"
    substituted for "the Second Liberty Bond Act, as amended" and "that
    Act", respectively, on authority of Pub. L. 97-258, Sec. 4(b),
    Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which enacted
    Title 31, Money and Finance.
      In subsec. (i), "section 50501 of title 46" substituted for
    "section 2 of the Shipping Act of 1916 (46 U.S.C. 802)" and
    "subsections (a) and (b) of such section 50501" substituted for
    "subsection (a) of such section 2" on authority of Pub. L. 109-304,
    Sec. 18(c), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1709, section 8(b) of which
    enacted parts A and B of subtitle V of Title 46, Shipping.
-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1994 - Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 103-437 substituted "Committee on
    Science, Space, and Technology" for "Committee on Science and
    Technology" and "Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation" for "Committee on Commerce".
      1978 - Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 95-238, Sec. 603(a)(1), added par.
    (3).
      Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95-238, Sec. 603(b), inserted provisions
    relating to payment of principal by the Administrator.
      Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95-238, Sec. 603(c), substituted "7" for
    "5".
      Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 95-238, Sec. 603(a)(2), added subsec. (j).
-CHANGE-
                              CHANGE OF NAME                          
      Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of House of
    Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Science of
    House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104-14, set out
    as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress.
-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      "Secretary of Energy" substituted for "Administrator" in subsecs.
    (b), (d), (e)(1), (f), and (i) pursuant to section 301(a) of Pub.
    L. 95-91, see Codification note set out under section 2502 of this
    title.
-End-
-CITE-
    15 USC Sec. 2510                                            01/03/2007
-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 15 - COMMERCE AND TRADE
    CHAPTER 52 - ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
                  DEMONSTRATION                   
-HEAD-
    Sec. 2510. Use of electric and hybrid vehicles by Federal agencies
-STATUTE-
      The Postmaster General of the United States Postal Service, the
    Administrator of the General Services Administration, the Secretary
    of Defense, and the heads of other Federal agencies shall - 
        (1) carry out a study of the practicability of using electric
      and hybrid vehicles in the performance of some or all of the
      functions of their agencies; and
        (2) arrange for the introduction of electric and hybrid
      vehicles into their fleets as soon as possible.
    For competitive procurement purposes in purchasing such vehicles,
    life-cycle costing and any beneficial air pollution control
    characteristics of electric and hybrid vehicles shall be fully
    taken into account. If the head of the agency involved determines
    that electric or hybrid vehicles are technologically practicable,
    but that they are not completely economically competitive with
    conventional vehicles, the Secretary of Energy may, for purposes of
    the demonstration program described in section 2506 of this title,
    pay to such agency the incremental costs of the electric or hybrid
    vehicles, including differential operating costs.
-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 94-413, Sec. 11, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1268; Pub. L. 95-
    91, title III, Sec. 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577.)
-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      "Secretary of Energy" substituted in text for "Administrator"
    pursuant to section 301(a) of Pub. L. 95-91, see Codification note
    set out under section 2502 of this title.
-End-
-CITE-
    15 USC Sec. 2511                                            01/03/2007
-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 15 - COMMERCE AND TRADE
    CHAPTER 52 - ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
                  DEMONSTRATION                   
-HEAD-
    Sec. 2511. Patents
-STATUTE-
      Section 5908 of title 42 shall apply to any contract (including
    any assignment, substitution of parties, or subcontract
    thereunder), entered into, made, or issued by the Secretary of
    Energy pursuant to section 2507 of this title.
-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 94-413, Sec. 12, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1269; Pub. L. 95-
    91, title III, Sec. 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577.)
-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      "Secretary of Energy" substituted in text for "Administrator"
    pursuant to section 301(a) of Pub. L. 95-91, see Codification note
    set out under section 2502 of this title.
-End-
-CITE-
    15 USC Sec. 2512                                            01/03/2007
-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 15 - COMMERCE AND TRADE
    CHAPTER 52 - ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
                  DEMONSTRATION                   
-HEAD-
    Sec. 2512. Studies
-STATUTE-
    (a) Bias of surface transportation systems; submission of report
      The Secretary of Energy shall conduct a study to determine the
    existence of any tax, regulatory, traffic, urban design, rural
    electrical, or other institutional factor which tends or may tend
    to bias surface transportation systems toward vehicles of
    particular characteristics. The Secretary of Energy shall submit a
    report to the Congress on the findings and conclusions of such
    study, within 1 year after September 17, 1976. The report shall
    include any legislative or other recommendations of the Secretary
    of Energy.
    (b) Material demand and pollution effect; impact statement
      The Secretary of Energy shall conduct a continuing assessment of
    the long-range material demand and pollution effects which may
    result from or in connection with the electrification of urban
    traffic. Such assessment shall include a statement of the Secretary
    of Energy's current findings in each report submitted under section
    2513 (!1) of this title. Any environmental impact statement which
    may be filed under a Federal law with respect to research,
    development, or demonstration activities under this chapter shall
    include reference to the matters which are subject to assessment
    under this subsection.
    (c) Incentives to encourage utilization; inclusion of electric
      vehicles in calculation of average fuel economy; evaluation
      program; annual report; final report and recommendations to
      Congress on January 1, 1987
      The Secretary of Energy shall perform, or cause to be performed,
    studies and research on incentives to promote broader utilization
    and consumer acceptance of electric and hybrid vehicle
    technologies. A description and a statement of the findings of such
    studies and research activities shall be included in each report
    submitted under section 2513 (!1) of this title.
        (1) The Secretary of Energy in consultation with the Secretary
      of Transportation and the Administrator of the Environmental
      Protection Agency is authorized and directed to conduct a seven-
      year evaluation program of the inclusion of electric vehicles,
      as defined in section 512(b)(2) (!1) of the Motor Vehicle
      Information and Cost Savings Act (15 U.S.C. 2012(b)(2)), in the
      calculation of average fuel economy pursuant to section
      32904(a)(1) of title 49 to determine the value and implications
      of such inclusion as an incentive for the early initiation of
      industrial engineering development and initial commercialization
      of electric vehicles in the United States. The evaluation program
      shall be conducted in parallel with the research and development
      activities of section 2505 of this title and demonstration
      activities of section 2506 of this title to provide all necessary
      information no later than January 1, 1987, for the private sector
      and Federal, State and local officials to make required decisions
      for the full commercialization of electric vehicles in the United
      States.
        (2) The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency,
      in consultation with the Secretary of Energy and the Secretary of
      Transportation, shall implement immediately the evaluation
      program by promulgating, within sixty days of January 7, 1980,
      regulations to include electric vehicles in average fuel economy
      calculations under section 32904(a)(1) of title 49.
        (3) The Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary
      of Transportation and the Administrator of the Environmental
      Protection Agency, shall include a full discussion of this
      evaluation program in the annual report required by section 2513
      (!1) of this title in each year after promulgation of the
      regulations under paragraph (2). The Secretary of Energy, in
      consultation with the Secretary of Transportation and the
      Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall
      submit to the Congress on January 1, 1987, a final report on the
      results of the evaluation program and any recommendations
      regarding the continued inclusion of electric vehicles in the
      average fuel economy calculations under part C of subtitle VI of
      title 49.
    (d) Safety standards and regulations
      The Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a study of the
    current and future applicability of safety standards and
    regulations to electric and hybrid vehicles. The Secretary of
    Transportation shall report the results of such study to the
    Secretary of Energy and the Congress within 1 year after September
    17, 1976.
    (e) Regenerative braking systems
      The Secretary of Energy shall conduct a study to determine the
    overall effectiveness and feasibility of including regenerative
    braking systems on electric and other automobiles in order to
    recover energy. In such study the Secretary of Energy shall - 
        (1) review the history of regenerative braking devices;
        (2) describe relevant experimental test data and theoretical
      calculations with respect to such devices;
        (3) assess the net energy impacts and cost effectiveness of
      such devices;
        (4) examine present patents and patent policy regarding such
      devices; and
        (5) determine whether regenerative braking should be used on
      some of the advanced electric or hybrid vehicles to be purchased
      or leased pursuant to section 2506(c)(2) of this title.
    The Secretary of Energy shall submit a report to the Congress on
    the findings and conclusions of such study within 1 year after
    September 17, 1976.
-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 94-413, Sec. 13, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1269; Pub. L. 95-
    91, title III, Sec. 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577; Pub. L. 96-
    185, Sec. 18, Jan. 7, 1980, 93 Stat. 1336.)
-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      Section 2513 of this title, referred to in subsecs. (b) and (c),
    was repealed by Pub. L. 104-66, title I, Sec. 1051(o), Dec. 21,
    1995, 109 Stat. 717.
      Section 512(b)(2) of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost
    Savings Act (15 U.S.C. 2012(b)(2)), referred to in subsec. (c)(1),
    was repealed by Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat.
    1379, the first section of which enacted subtitles II, III, and V
    to X of Title 49, Transportation.
-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      In subsec. (c), "section 32904(a)(1) of title 49" substituted for
    "section 503(a)(1) and (2) of the Motor Vehicle Information and
    Cost Savings Act (15 U.S.C. 2003(a)(1) and (2))" and "section
    503(a)(1) and (2) of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings
    Act", and "part C of subtitle VI of title 49" substituted for "the
    Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act [15 U.S.C. 1901 et
    seq.]" on authority of Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 6(b), July 5, 1994,
    108 Stat. 1378, the first section of which enacted subtitles II,
    III, and V to X of Title 49, Transportation, and on authority of
    Pub. L. 103-429, Sec. 10(b), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4391, section
    6(43)(B) of which enacted section 32918 as part of part C of
    subtitle VI of Title 49.
      January 7, 1980, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), was in the
    original "enactment of the Act" which has been translated as
    meaning the date of enactment of Pub. L. 96-185 as the probable
    intent of Congress in view of the fact that section 18 of Pub. L.
    96-185 enacted subsec. (c)(1) to (3) of this section.
      A part of par. (2) of section 2512(c) of the Electric and Hybrid
    Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1976, as
    added by Pub. L. 96-185, has not been included in the text of
    subsec. (c)(2) of this section. The omitted provision consists of
    directory language for an amendment of section 2003 of this title
    and the indicated amendment has been executed to the text of that
    section as directed.
      In subsec. (d), "Secretary of Transportation" substituted for
    "Secretary" in two places for clarity, see Codification note set
    out under section 2502 of this title.
-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1980 - Subsec. (c)(1) to (3). Pub. L. 96-185 added pars. (1) to
    (3).
-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      "Secretary of Energy" substituted for "Administrator" in subsecs.
    (a), (b), (d), and (e) pursuant to section 301(a) of Pub. L. 95-91,
    see Codification note set out under section 2502 of this title.
-MISC2-
                             ELECTRIC VEHICLES                         
      Pub. L. 100-494, Sec. 7, Oct. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 2452, directed
    Secretary of Transportation to study whether regulations should be
    amended or promulgated to stimulate production and introduction of
    electric and solar-powered vehicles into commerce and to report to
    Congress on results of study, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103-272,
    Sec. 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379.
-FOOTNOTE-
    (!1) See References in Text note below.
-End-
-CITE-
    15 USC Sec. 2513                                            01/03/2007
-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 15 - COMMERCE AND TRADE
    CHAPTER 52 - ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
                  DEMONSTRATION                   
-HEAD-
    Sec. 2513. Repealed.
-MISC1-
    Sec. 2513. Repealed. Pub. L. 104-66, title I, Sec. 1051(o), Dec.
      21, 1995, 109 Stat. 717.
      Section, Pub. L. 94-413, Sec. 14, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1270;
    Pub. L. 95-91, title III, Sec. 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577,
    directed Secretary of Energy to submit to Congress annual reports
    on activities under this chapter.
-End-
-CITE-
    15 USC Sec. 2514                                            01/03/2007
-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 15 - COMMERCE AND TRADE
    CHAPTER 52 - ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
                  DEMONSTRATION                   
-HEAD-
    Sec. 2514. Authorization for appropriations
-STATUTE-
      (a) There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of
    Energy, for purposes of carrying out this chapter, (1) not to
    exceed $30,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1977,
    except that at least $10,000,000 of such authorization shall be
    allocated for battery research and development; (2) not to exceed
    $40,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978; (3) not
    to exceed $25,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30,
    1979; (4) not to exceed $20,000,000 for the fiscal year ending
    September 30, 1980; and (5) not to exceed $45,000,000 for the
    fiscal year ending September 30, 1981. Any amount appropriated
    pursuant to this section shall remain available until expended, and
    any amount authorized for any fiscal year prior to the fiscal year
    ending September 30, 1981, but not appropriated, may be
    appropriated for any succeeding fiscal year through the fiscal year
    ending September 30, 1983.
      (b) Any moneys received by the Secretary of Energy from vehicle
    sales or leases or other activities under this chapter may be
    retained and used for purposes of carrying out this chapter,
    notwithstanding the provisions of section 3302(b) of title 31, and
    may remain available until expended; but the amount authorized to
    be appropriated for any fiscal year under subsection (a) of this
    section shall be reduced by the amount of the moneys so received in
    that year.
-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 94-413, Sec. 16, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1270; Pub. L. 95-
    91, title III, Sec. 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577.)
-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      In subsec. (b), "section 3302(b) of title 31" substituted for
    "section 3617 of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 484)" on authority
    of Pub. L. 97-258, Sec. 4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the
    first section of which enacted Title 31, Money and Finance.
-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      "Secretary of Energy" substituted in text for "Administrator"
    pursuant to section 301(a) of Pub. L. 95-91, see Codification note
    set out under section 2502 of this title.
-End-