Metadata:
  Identification_Information:
    Citation:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Robert S. Thompson
        Originator: C.G. Oviatt
        Originator: A.P. Roberts
        Originator: J. Buchner
        Originator: R. Kelsey
        Originator: C. Bracht
        Originator: R.M. Forester
        Originator: J.P. Bradbury
        Publication_Date: 1995
        Title:
          Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, Paleontology, and Paleomagnetism of
          Pliocene-Early Pleistocene Lacustrine Deposits in Two Cores from
          Western Utah
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
          Issue_Identification: 95-1
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Denver, CO
          Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
        Online_Linkage: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of95-001/>
        Edition: 1
    Description:
      Abstract:
        The data contained in this report represent our preliminary findings
        of the analyses of two cores of Pliocene and early Pleistocene
        sediments from the eastern Great Basin.  This is a collaborative
        project involving specialists from the USGS, Kansas State University,
        and the University of California-Davis in paleontology (Thompson,
        Buchner, Forester, Bradbury), stratigraphy and sedimentology (Oviatt,
        Kelsey, Bracht), and paleomagnetism and environmental magnetism
        (Roberts).
      Purpose:
        We are investigating the paleoclimatic history of western Utah as part of the USGS Global
        Change and Climate History Program studies of long-term climatic changes in the western
        United States.  Our initial objective is to document the environmental conditions during
        the mid-Pliocene period of warmer-than-modern global climates (the focus of the USGS
        Pliocene Research, Interpretation, and Synoptic Mapping [PRISM] project).  We also seek to
        determine how and when these conditions gave way to the late Quaternary pattern of climatic
        variations (in which short periods of very moist climates have been separated by long
        periods of arid conditions).
    Time_Period_of_Content:
      Time_Period_Information:
        Range_of_Dates/Times:
          Beginning_Geologic_Age:
            Geologic_Age:
              Geologic_Time_Scale: Chronostratigraphic
              Geologic_Age_Estimate: post-Miocene
              Geologic_Age_Explanation:
                Gravels occur at the depth of 420 to 470 ft. in the Pit
                of Death core. Tephrochronology indicates a Miocene age
                for the lacustrine sequence below the gravels but the
                zone cannot be correlated to the geomagnetic polarity
                timescale, therefore, a more precise age cannot be
                assigned to the the lowermost part of the core.
          Ending_Geologic_Age:
            Geologic_Age:
              Geologic_Time_Scale: Geomagnetic polarity
              Geologic_Age_Estimate: lowermost Brunhes chron
              Geologic_Age_Explanation:
                The paleomagnetic study of the Black Rock Core shows that
                normal polarity directions are obtained from the
                lacustrine record immediately below the Black Rock
                basalt.  Bishop ash (0.759 Ma) is known to be preserved
                in silts above the Black Rock basalt. Therefore this
                represents the lowermost Brunhes Chron (<0.78 Ma).
      Currentness_Reference: ground condition
    Status:
      Progress: Complete
      Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
    Spatial_Domain:
      Bounding_Coordinates:
        West_Bounding_Coordinate: -113.217
        East_Bounding_Coordinate: -112.950
        North_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.035
        South_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.715
    Keywords:
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
        Theme_Keyword: Paleoclimate
        Theme_Keyword: Paleontology
        Theme_Keyword: Stratigraphy
        Theme_Keyword: Sedimentology
        Theme_Keyword: Paleomagnetism
        Theme_Keyword: Vegetation
        Theme_Keyword: Precipitation
        Theme_Keyword: Sediment
        Theme_Keyword: Palynology
        Theme_Keyword: Ostracode
        Theme_Keyword: Diatom
        Theme_Keyword: Pollen
        Theme_Keyword: Petrology
        Theme_Keyword: Lacustrine
        Theme_Keyword: Carbonate
      Place:
        Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
        Place_Keyword: western United States
        Place_Keyword: Utah
        Place_Keyword: UT
        Place_Keyword: Black Rock
        Place_Keyword: Sevier Lake
        Place_Keyword: Beaver River
        Place_Keyword: Pit of Death
      Stratum:
        Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
        Stratum_Keyword: Bishop Ash
        Stratum_Keyword: Black Rock Basalt
        Stratum_Keyword: Lava Creek B tephra
      Temporal:
        Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
        Temporal_Keyword: Holocene
        Temporal_Keyword: Pleistocene
        Temporal_Keyword: Pliocene
        Temporal_Keyword: Brunhes
        Temporal_Keyword: Matuyama
        Temporal_Keyword: Gauss
        Temporal_Keyword: Jaramillo
        Temporal_Keyword: Cobb Mountain
        Temporal_Keyword: Olduvai
        Temporal_Keyword: Reunion
        Temporal_Keyword: Kaena
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Geologic Map Database Catalog themes, augmented
        Theme_Keyword: 1700 - Paleontology
        Theme_Keyword: 1800 - Paleobotany
        Theme_Keyword: 1900 - Geochemistry
        Theme_Keyword: 1600 - Geochronology
    Access_Constraints: None
    Use_Constraints: None
    Point_of_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Person_Primary:
          Contact_Person: Robert S. Thompson
          Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
        Contact_Position: Geologist
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing address
          Address:
            U.S. Geological Survey
            Box 25046, Mail Stop 919
            Denver Federal Center
          City: Denver
          State_or_Province: CO
          Postal_Code: 80225
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-5347
        Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-236-5349
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rthompson@usgs.gov
    Browse_Graphic:
      Browse_Graphic_File_Name: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of95-001/2-material/fig1.gif>
      Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
        Locations of sites discussed in text.  The shaded areas represent elevations above 6000
        ft (1829 m).  Woodland and forest vegetation generally occurs above this elevation,
        steppe and desert below.
      Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF
    Browse_Graphic:
      Browse_Graphic_File_Name: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of95-001/3-black_rock/fig3.gif>
      Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
        Black Rock core stratigraphy plotted against the magnetostratigraphy, macrofossil
        occurrences, and magnetic susceptibility.  BR = Brunhes, J = Jaramillo, C = Cobb
        Mountain, O = Olduvai, R = Reunion, X = Anomaly X, K = Kaena.
      Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF
    Browse_Graphic:
      Browse_Graphic_File_Name: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of95-001/4-pit_of_death/fig9.gif>
      Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Pit of Death Stratigraphy.  Br = Brunhes, J = Jaramillo, O = Olduvai, R = R&#233;union, X = Anomaly X.
      Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF
    Browse_Graphic:
      Browse_Graphic_File_Name: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of95-001/4-pit_of_death/fig13.gif>
      Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Comparison of Black Rock and Pit of Death chronologies.
      Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF
    Data_Set_Credit:
      This report is the preliminary result of a collaborative project
      involving specialists from the USGS, Kansas State University, and the
      University of California-Davis in paleontology (Robert S. Thompson,
      Jennifer Rose Buchner, R.M. Forester, J.P. Bradbury), stratigraphy and
      sedimentology (Charles G. Oviatt, Rachel Kelsey, Christopher Bracht),
      and paleomagnetism and environmental magnetism (Andrew P. Roberts).
    Security_Information:
      Security_Classification_System: None
      Security_Classification: Unclassified
      Security_Handling_Description: none
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Robert S. Thompson
        Publication_Date: 1995
        Publication_Time: Unknown
        Title:
          Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, Paleontology, and Paleomagnetism of Pliocene-Early
          Pleistocene Lacustrine Deposits in Two Cores from Western Utah
        Edition: 1
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: diagram
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report Series
          Issue_Identification: 95-1
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Denver, CO, USA
          Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
        Online_Linkage: <http//pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of95-001/>
  Data_Quality_Information:
    Attribute_Accuracy:
      Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
        Accuracy of measurements and processes is discussed in detail in the
        "Materials and Methods" section of the report.
    Logical_Consistency_Report:
      Coring equipment and original logs record core depths for both cores in
      the English units of "decimal feet". The depths recorded in the Metric
      units of "meters" were calculated from the English measurements.

      Both alternating-field and thermal methods were used for
      demagnetization of paleomagnetic samples.  When the thermal method was
      used, magnetic susceptibility was measured at each demagnetization
      step to monitor for thermal alteration.
    Completeness_Report:
      Core Collection
      Black Rock Core

      Approximately 8 ft (2.4 m) of tan silt overlies 17 ft (5.2 m) of
      basalt at the Black Rock site. The coring process did not recover any
      of the silt or basalt (although some of the silt was recovered in
      Shelby tubes), 	nor was it possible to recover the uppermost few feet
      of sediment underlying the basalt.  Core recovery began at 25.25 ft
      (7.7 m) and extended down to 896.83 ft (273.35 m). As shown in
      Appendix 1, core recovery was excellent throughout most of this depth
      range.

      Pit of Death Core

      The only unrecovered section of significant thickness in the Pit of
      Death core is near the bottom. Pebbly mud in the interval between
      428 and 431 ft overlies an interval of about 40 ft of sand and
      gravel, from which no core was recovered.  From 472 ft to the base
      of the core at 512 ft, is a sequence of moderately cemented, poorly
      sorted, tuffaceous sand.

      Palynological Analysis

      Of the 159 samples processed from the Black Rock site, 142 contained
      sufficient pollen for analysis.  Ten samples were processed from the
      Pit of Death core, and all were barren of pollen.

      Plant Macrofossil Analysis

      The occurrences of these plant macrofossils has been recorded during the sediment
      descriptions and by examination of slides prepared for ostracode analysis.

      Ostracode Analysis

      Approximately 920 samples have been prepared from the Black Rock
      core, and 10 from the Pit of Death Core.

      Diatom Analysis

      Twenty-four samples have been analyzed from the Black Rock core and
      10 from the Pit of Death core.

    Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
        Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
          The horizontal coordinates of the drilling sites are given in degrees,
          minutes and seconds of latitude and longitude.  A second of longitude
          at 39 degrees latitude is approximately 19.45 meters. A second of
          latitude is approximately 30.92 meters.  This suggests that the
          longitude of the sites is known to within 19.45 meters and the
          latitude of the sites is known to within 30.92 meters.
      Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
        Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
          The elevation of the Black Rock site is given as 4930 feet and the
          elevation of the Pit of Death site is given as 4535 feet. This
          suggests that the measurements are accurate to within 5 vertical feet.

          Core logs (Appendix 1, Appendix 4) indicate that the drilling
          machinery indicated drilling depth in increments of 1/100th of a foot.
    Lineage:
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Billings, W.D.
            Publication_Date: 1949
            Publication_Time: Unknown
            Title:
              The shadscale vegetation zone of Nevada and eastern California in
              relation to climate and soils
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: American Midland Naturalist
              Issue_Identification: v. 42, p. 87-109
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Billings (1949)
        Source_Contribution: Ecology of shadescale vegetation
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Single_Date/Time:
              Calendar_Date: 1949
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Cande, S.C.
            Originator: Kent, D.V
            Publication_Date: 1992
            Title:
              A new geomagnetic polarity time scale for the Late Cretaceous and
              Cenozoic
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research
              Issue_Identification: v. 97, p. 13, 917-13,951
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Cande and Kent (1992)
        Source_Contribution: Paleomagnetic framework
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Range_of_Dates/Times:
              Beginning_Date: cc82000000
              Ending_Date: Present
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Canfield, D.E.
            Originator: Berner, R.A.
            Publication_Date: 1987
            Title: Dissolution and pyritization of magnetite in anoxic marine sediments
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
              Issue_Identification: v. 51, p.  645-659.
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Canfield and Berner (1987)
        Source_Contribution: Chemistry of magnetic minerals in reducing environments.
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Range_of_Dates/Times:
              Beginning_Date: cc4500000000
              Ending_Date: Present
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Condie, K.C.
            Originator: Barsky, C.K.
            Publication_Date: 1972
            Title:
              Origin of the Quaternary basalts from the Black Rock Desert region,
              Utah
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Geological Society of America Bulletin
              Issue_Identification: v. 83, p. 333-352.
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Condie and Barsky (1972)
        Source_Contribution: K-Ar dates on the Black Rock basalt
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Range_of_Dates/Times:
              Beginning_Date: cc1900000
              Ending_Date: Present
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Crecraft, H. R.
            Originator: Nash, W. P.
            Originator: Evans, S. H., Jr.
            Publication_Date: 1981
            Title: Late Cenozoic volcanism at Twin Peaks, Utah - Geology and petrology
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research
              Issue_Identification: v. 86: p. 10,303-10,320
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Crecraft, Nash and Evans (1981)
        Source_Contribution:
          K-Ar dates on Black Rock Basalt
          Paleotectonic framework
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Range_of_Dates/Times:
              Beginning_Date: cc24600000
              Ending_Date: Present
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Cui, Y.
            Originator: Roberts, A.P
            Originator: Verosub, K.L.
            Originator: Thompson, R.S.
            Originator: Oviatt, C.G.
            Publication_Date: 1994
            Title:
              A Study of the Matuyama-Brunhes Geomagnetic Polarity Transition From
              Sevier Lake, Utah [abs.]
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Eos
              Issue_Identification: v. 75, p. 194-195
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Cui et al. (1994)
        Source_Contribution: Magnetostratigraphy
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Single_Date/Time:
              Calendar_Date: cc780000
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Davis, O.K.
            Publication_Date: 1984
            Title:
              Pollen frequencies reflect vegetation patterns in a Great Basin
              (U.S.A.) mountain range
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
              Issue_Identification: v. 40, p. 295-315.
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Davis (1984)
        Source_Contribution: Regional studies of modern pollen rain
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Single_Date/Time:
              Calendar_Date: Present
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Davis, O.K.
            Publication_Date: 1993
            Title:
              Preliminary pollen analysis of Neogene sediment of the Great Salt
              Lake, U.S.A [abs]
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists, Inc., Program and Abstracts
              Issue_Identification: 1993 Annual Meeting, Baton Rouge, LA, p. 20.
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Davis (1993)
        Source_Contribution: Palynological data from Indian Cove, Great Salt Lake
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Range_of_Dates/Times:
              Beginning_Date: cc24600000
              Ending_Date: cc1900000
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: DeMenocal, P.B.
            Originator: Ruddiman, W.F.
            Originator: Kent, D.V.
            Publication_Date: 1990
            Title:
              Depth of post-depositional remanence acquisition in deep-sea
              sediments:  a case study of the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal and oxygen
              isotope stage 19.1
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters
              Issue_Identification: v. 99, p. 1-13
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DeMenocal, Ruddiman and Kent (1990)
        Source_Contribution: Magnetic remanence acquisition in sediments.
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Single_Date/Time:
              Calendar_Date: cc780000
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Eardley, A.J.
            Originator: Shuey, R.T.
            Originator: Gvosdetsky, V.
            Originator: Nash, W.P.
            Originator: Picard, M.D.
            Originator: Grey, D.C.
            Originator: Kukla, G.J.
            Publication_Date: 1973
            Title: Lake cycles in the Bonneville Basin, Utah
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Geological Society of America Bulletin
              Issue_Identification: v. 84, p. 211-216
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Eardley, et al (1973)
        Source_Contribution: Climatological interpretation of correlative cores
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Range_of_Dates/Times:
              Beginning_Date: cc3000000
              Ending_Date: Present
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Machette, M. N.
            Publication_Date: 1985
            Title: Late Cenozoic geology of the Beaver basin, southwestern Utah
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Brigham Young University Geology Studies
              Issue_Identification: v. 32, pt. 1, p. 19-37.
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Machette (1985)
        Source_Contribution:
          Paleohydrology of the Beaver River and the Sevier River drainage
          systems.
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Range_of_Dates/Times:
              Beginning_Date: cc24600000
              Ending_Date: Present
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Oviatt, C. G.
            Publication_Date: 1991
            Title: Quaternary geology of the Black Rock Desert, Millard County, Utah
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Special Studies
              Issue_Identification: 73, 23 p.
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Oviatt (1991)
        Source_Contribution: Paleotectonic framework
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Range_of_Dates/Times:
              Beginning_Date: cc1900000
              Ending_Date: Present
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Oviatt, C. G.
            Publication_Date: 1992
            Title: Quaternary geology of the Scipio Valley area, Millard and Juab Counties, Utah
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Utah Geological Survey Special Study
              Issue_Identification: no. 79, 16 p.
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Oviatt (1992)
        Source_Contribution: Depositional history of the Sevier River drainage
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Range_of_Dates/Times:
              Beginning_Date: cc1900000
              Ending_Date: Present
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Oviatt, C. G.
            Publication_Date: 1994
            Title: Review of the Quaternary geology of the Sevier and Black Rock Deserts
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Utah Geological Association Publication
              Issue_Identification: v. 23, p.  97-103.
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Oviatt (1994)
        Source_Contribution: Stratigraphic framework
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Range_of_Dates/Times:
              Beginning_Date: cc1900000
              Ending_Date: Present
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Roberts, A.P.
            Originator: Turner, G.M.
            Publication_Date: 1993
            Title:
              Diagenetic formation of ferrimagnetic iron sulphide minerals in
              rapidly deposited marine sediments.
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
              Issue_Identification: v. 115, p. 257-273.
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Roberts and Turner (1993)
        Source_Contribution: Chemistry of magnetic minerals in reducing environments.
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Single_Date/Time:
              Calendar_Date: Unknown
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Thompson, Robert S.
            Publication_Date: 1991
            Title: Pliocene environments and climates in the western United States
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews
              Issue_Identification: v. 10, p. 115-132.
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Thompson (1991)
        Source_Contribution: Climatological interpretation of the Pliocene pollen record
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Range_of_Dates/Times:
              Beginning_Date: cc5100000
              Ending_Date: cc1900000
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Thompson, R.S.
            Publication_Date: 1996
            Title:
              Pliocene and early Pleistocene environments and climates of the
              western Snake River Plain, Idaho
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Marine Micropaleontology
              Issue_Identification: 1996
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Thompson (in press)
        Source_Contribution: Late Gauss Chron pollen data from southern Idaho
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Range_of_Dates/Times:
              Beginning_Date: cc5100000
              Ending_Date: cc1000000
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Vance, R.E.
            Originator: Mathewes, R.W.
            Publication_Date: 1994
            Title:
              Deposition of modern pollen and plant macrofossils in a hypersaline
              prairie lake basin
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Canadian Journal of Botany
              Issue_Identification: v. 72, p. 539-548.
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Vance and Mathewes (1994)
        Source_Contribution: Palynological framework
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Single_Date/Time:
              Calendar_Date: Unknown
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Verosub, K.L.
            Originator: Roberts, A.P.
            Publication_Date: 1996
            Title: Environmental magnetism: past, present, and future
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research
              Issue_Identification: in press
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Verosub and Roberts (in press)
        Source_Contribution: Magnetostratigraphic correlation of lake-catchment sediments.
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Single_Date/Time:
              Calendar_Date: Unknown
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Williams, S.K.
            Publication_Date: 1994
            Title:
              Late Cenozoic tephrostratigraphy of deep sediment cores from the
              Bonneville Basin, northwest Utah
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Geological Society of America Bulletin
              Issue_Identification: v. 105, p. 1517-1530.
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Williams (1994)
        Source_Contribution: Climatological interpretation of correlative core material
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Range_of_Dates/Times:
              Beginning_Date: cc24600000
              Ending_Date: Present
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Core collection and curation.  The Black Rock and Pit of Death
          sediment cores were drilled in July, August, and September of 1993 with
          a Portadrill 524-3A rotary drilling rig that took a 3" (7.62 cm)
          diameter core.  The cores are archived at the USGS Core Repository on
          the Denver Federal Center.  The coring equipment and original records
          are in English units, and to maintain continuity with those records,
          core depths are reported here in English units.
        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Person_Primary:
              Contact_Person: C. G. Oviatt
              Contact_Organization: Department of Geology, Kansas State University
            Contact_Position: Geologist
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: mailing address
              Address: Department of Geology, Kansas State University
              City: Manhattan
              State_or_Province: Kansas
              Postal_Code: 66506
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: 913-532-6724
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: joviatt@ksuvm.ksu.edu
        Process_Date: 19930930
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Ostracode Analysis.  Sediment samples for ostracode analysis were
          split into two fractions, a larger fraction for isotopic analysis of
          ostracode shells (~15 g) and a smaller fraction for ostracode counts
          (~5 g).  The samples were subjected to a freeze/thaw process to
          disaggregate clay particles and then washed with hot water over a 100
          mm mesh screen.  Approximately 920 samples have been prepared from the
          Black Rock core, and 10 from the Pit of Death Core.
        Process_Date: Unknown
        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Person_Primary:
              Contact_Person: R.M. Forester
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: mailing address
              Address:
                U.S.  Geological Survey
                Mail Stop 919
                Box 25046
                Denver Federal Center
              City: Denver
              State_or_Province: Colorado
              Postal_Code: 80225-0046
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 236-5656
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: forester@usgs.gov
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Stratigraphy and sedimentology.  Core sediments were logged in the
          field, and the stratigraphy and sedimentology was studied in greater
          detail in the laboratory by Oviatt and Kelsey (Black Rock) and Oviatt
          and Bracht (Pit of Death).  These researchers have analyzed samples for
          carbonate, sand, and mud contents at approximately one-foot (30 cm)
          intervals throughout both cores.  X-ray analysis is on-going for
          carbonate minerals from representative samples from both cores.
        Process_Date: Unknown
        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Person_Primary:
              Contact_Person: C. G. Oviatt
              Contact_Organization: Department of Geology, Kansas State University
            Contact_Position: Geologist
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: mailing address
              Address: Department of Geology, Kansas State University
              City: Manhattan
              State_or_Province: Kansas
              Postal_Code: 66506
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: 913-532-6724
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: joviatt@ksuvm.ksu.edu
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Paleomagnetic Analysis.  Oriented paleomagnetic samples were taken by
          carving pedestals into the cores and slipping plastic boxes (2.5 x 2.5
          x 1.5 cm) over the pedestals. In general, samples were collected at 1
          m (3.3 ft) intervals throughout the length of both cores.For
          paleomagnetic studies, 307 and 139 samples were analyzed from the
          Black Rock and Pit of Death cores respectively.  The samples were
          stepwise demagnetized by either alternating field (AF) or thermal
          methods. AF demagnetization was generally carried out at successive
          peak fields of 0, 10, 20, 25, 40, and 60 mT, and in some cases,
          additional intermediate steps were included at peak fields of 5, 15,
          30, and 50 mT. Thermal demagnetization was carried out at successive
          steps of 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, and
          600 degrees C.  Magnetic susceptibility was measured at each thermal
          demagnetization level to monitor for thermal alteration. Remanence
          measurements were made on a 2G Enterprises cryogenic magnetometer. AF
          demagnetization was carried out with a Schonstedt AF demagnetizer and
          thermal demagnetization was carried out with a Schonstedt thermal
          demagnetizing unit.  Magnetic susceptibility was measured with a
          Bartington Instruments magnetic susceptibility meter.

          Characteristic remanence directions were determined from stably
          magnetized samples by linear regression fits to the demagnetization
          data. Three types of demagnetization behavior are evident and are
          designated as types A, B, and C. Type A behavior is displayed by
          demagnetization data that decay to the origin of vector component
          plots with little deviation from linearity (Figure 2a, d). Type B
          behavior is displayed by samples that yield more scattered
          demagnetization data, nevertheless, the direction of magnetization can
          be unambiguously determined (Figure 2b, e). Type C behavior is
          displayed by samples for which no stable direction of remanence, or
          even an indication of polarity, can be determined (Figure 2c, f). In
          general, the data quality from the Pit of Death core are of
          substantially higher quality than those from the Black Rock core. Of
          the 139 samples analyzed from the Pit of Death core, 81%, 16%, and 3%
          of the samples displayed behavior of types A, B, and C, respectively.
          Of the 307 samples analyzed from the Black Rock core, 17%, 54%, and
          29% of the samples displayed behavior of types A, B, and
          C,respectively. The Black Rock and Pit of Death cores were azimuthally
          unoriented. The paleomagnetic polarity was therefore determined solely
          from inclination data. All ages of paleomagnetic datums follow those
          of Cande and Kent (1992).

        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Person_Primary:
              Contact_Person: Andrew P. Roberts
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: mailing address
              Address:
                Department of Geology
                University of California
              City: Davis, CA 95616
              State_or_Province: California
              Postal_Code: 95616
              Country: United States of America
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: (916) 752-1861
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Roberts@geology.ucdavis.edu
        Process_Date: Unknown
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Magnetic susceptibility. The magnetic susceptibility of the Black
          Rock and Pit of Death core sediments was measured by analyzing
          selected depth intervals with a Sapphire whole-core pass-through
          susceptometer.  For susceptibility studies, 766 levels were measured
          from the Black Rock core and 411 from the Pit of Death core.
        Process_Date: Unknown
        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Person_Primary:
              Contact_Person: Andrew P. Roberts
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: mailing address
              Address:
                Department of Geology
                University of California
              City: Davis, CA 95616
              State_or_Province: California
              Postal_Code: 95616
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: (916) 752-1861
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Roberts@geology.ucdavis.edu
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Palynological Analysis.  Sediment samples from the Black Rock and
          Pit of Death cores were processed with chemical reagents (HCl, HF,
          heavy liquids) to remove unwanted mineral materials.  The sample
          residues were analyzed under 400X to 1000X magnification, and a
          minimum of 300 terrestrial pollen grains were counted from each
          sample (except for samples above ~150 ft in the Black Rock core,
          where pollen concentrations were so low that only 200 grain counts
          were possible).  Of the 159 samples processed from the Black Rock
          site, 142 contained sufficient pollen for analysis.  Ten samples
          were processed from the Pit of Death core, and all were barren of
          pollen.
        Process_Date: Unknown
        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Person_Primary:
              Contact_Person: Robert S. Thompson
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: mailing address
              Address:
                U.S. Geological Survey
                Box 25046, Mail Stop 919
                Denver Federal Center
              City: Denver
              State_or_Province: Colorado
              Postal_Code: 80225
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 236-0439
            Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 236-5690
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rthompson@usgs.gov
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Diatom Analysis. Preliminary analysis of diatoms from the two cores
          were conducted using water mounts of unprocessed sediment smears.
          Twenty-four samples have been analyzed from the Black Rock core and 10
          from the Pit of Death core.
        Process_Date: Unknown
        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Person_Primary:
              Contact_Person: J.P. Bradbury
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: mailing address
              Address:
                U.S. Geological Survey
                Mail Stop 919
                Box 25046
                Denver Federal Center
              City: Denver
              State_or_Province: Colorado
              Postal_Code: 80225-0046
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 236-5666
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbradbur@usgs.gov
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Plant macrofossil Analysis.  Seeds and leaf fragments and Ruppia and
          other plants are present throughout most of the Black Rock core.  The
          occurrences of these plant macrofossils have been recorded during the
          sediment descriptions and by examination of slides prepared for
          ostracode analysis.
        Process_Date: Unknown
        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Person_Primary:
              Contact_Person: Robert S. Thompson
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: mailing address
              Address:
                U.S. Geological Survey
                Box 25046, Mail Stop 919
                Denver Federal Center
              City: Denver
              State_or_Province: Colorado
              Postal_Code: 80225
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 236-0439
            Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 236-5690
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rthompson@usgs.gov
  Spatial_Reference_Information:
    Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Geographic:
        Latitude_Resolution: 1
        Longitude_Resolution: 1
        Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Degrees, minutes, and decimal seconds
    Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Altitude_System_Definition:
        Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988
        Altitude_Resolution: 1
        Altitude_Distance_Units: feet
        Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
      Depth_System_Definition:
        Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface
        Depth_Resolution: 0.01
        Depth_Distance_Units: feet
        Depth_Encoding_Method: Explicit depth coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
  Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
    Detailed_Description:
      Entity_Type:
        Entity_Type_Label: Paleomagnetic sample
        Entity_Type_Definition:
          Oriented paleomagnetic samples are 2.5 x 2.5 x 1.5 cm. and were
          collected at 1 meter, (3.3 feet) intervals in both of the studied cores
        Entity_Type_Definition_Source: none
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Paleomagnetic Inclination
        Attribute_Definition:
          Angle at which magnetic field lines dip, measured in degrees from the
          horizontal.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: American Geological Institute Glossary of Geology
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 90
        Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees
        Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
        Attribute_Measurement_Frequency: None planned
    Overview_Description:
      Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

        Black Rock Core Log. Lithologic description containing information
        on grain size, color, bedding structures, sedimentary structures
        and occurance of plant-macrofossils.

        /of95-001/8-append/apx1.tab  1  Depth (feet)
        /of95-001/8-append/apx1.tab  2  Depth (meters)
        /of95-001/8-append/apx1.tab  3  Grain size description
        /of95-001/8-append/apx1.tab  4  Color of material
        /of95-001/8-append/apx1.tab  5  Bedding / sedimentary structures
        /of95-001/8-append/apx1.tab  6  Miscellaneous notes

        Black Rock Core Paleomagnetic Data. Paleomagnetic inclination
        measured by either Alternating Field demagnetization method or
        thermal demagnetization method.

        /of95-001/8-append/apx2.tab  1  Sample Label
        /of95-001/8-append/apx2.tab  2  Depth of sample (feet)
        /of95-001/8-append/apx2.tab  3  Depth of sample (meters)
        /of95-001/8-append/apx2.tab  4  Declination (degrees)
        /of95-001/8-append/apx2.tab  5  Inclination (degrees)
        /of95-001/8-append/apx2.tab  6  Delta (degrees)
        /of95-001/8-append/apx2.tab  7  Intensity
        /of95-001/8-append/apx2.tab  8  Polarity (Reversed/Not Reversed)
        /of95-001/8-append/apx2.tab  9  Method of Demagnetization (Thermal/Alternating Field)

        Black Rock Core Pollen Data. Counts of 57 pollen taxa from 159 samples
        from the Black Rock core.

        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab   1  Depth    (feet)
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab   2  Sum      Terrestrial Pollen Sum
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab   3  Abies    Abies count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab   4  Junip.   Juniperus-type count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab   5  Picea    Picea count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab   6  Pinus    Pinus count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab   7  Ps./La.  Pseudotsuga/Larix count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab   8  Ts.he.   Tsuga heterophylla count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab   9  Ve.un.   Vesiculate conifer undif. count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  10  Ep.tr.   Ephedra trifurca-type count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  11  Ep.vi.   Ephedra viridis-type
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  12  Acer     Acer count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  13  Alnus    Alnus count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  14  Arce.    Arceuthobium count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  15  Betula   Betula count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  16  Celtis   Celtis count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  17  Cerc.    Cercocarpus-type count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  18  Frax.    Fraxinus count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  19  Frem.    Fremontodendron? count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  20  Holo.    Holodiscus-type count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  21  Popu.    Populus count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  22  Pote.    Potentilla count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  23  Pter.    Pterocarya? count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  24  Quer.    Quercus count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  25  Rham.    Rhamnaceae count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  26  Rosa.    Rosaceae count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  27  Salix    Salix count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  28  Sh./E.   Shepherdia/Elaegnus count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  29  Symp.    Symphoricarpos/Lonicera count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  30  Ulmus    Ulmus count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  31  Ambr.    Ambrosia-type count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  32  Arte.    Artemisia count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  33  Tubu.    Tubuliflorae count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  34  Ligu.    Liguliflorae count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  35  Ch.Am.   Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthus count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  36  Sarc.    Sarcobatus count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  37  Poac.    Poaceae count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  38  Apia.    Apiaceae count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  39  Bras.    Brassicaceae count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  40  Cary.    Caryophyllaceae count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  41  Erio.    Eriogonum count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  42  Euph.    Euphorbiaceae count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  43  Faba.    Fabaceae count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  44  Gili.    Gilia-type count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  45  Onag.    Onagraceae count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  46  Phlox    Phlox count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  47  Pole.    Polemonium count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  48  Poly.    Polygonaceae count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  49  Sola.    Solanaceae count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  50  Thal.    Thalictrum count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  51  Unkn.    Unknown count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  52  Inde.    Indeterminate count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  53  Mono.    Monlete spores count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  54  Tril.    Trilete spores count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  55  Cype.    Cyperaceae count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  56  Myri.    Myriophyllum count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  57  Ty.Sp.   Typha/Sparganium count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  58  Pota.    Potamogeton count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  59  Rupp.    Ruppia count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  60  Botr.    Botryococcus count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  61  Pedi.    Pediastrum count
        /of95-001/8-append/apx3.tab  62  Tracers  Tracers count

        Pit of Death Core Log. Lithologic description of the Pit of Death Core
        containing information on grain size, color, bedding structures,
        sedimentary structures and occurance of plant-macrofossils.

        /of95-001/8-append/apx4.tab  1  Depth (feet)
        /of95-001/8-append/apx4.tab  2  Depth (meters)
        /of95-001/8-append/apx4.tab  3  Grain size description
        /of95-001/8-append/apx4.tab  4  Color of material
        /of95-001/8-append/apx4.tab  5  Nature of boundary
        /of95-001/8-append/apx4.tab  6  Bedding / sedimentary structures
        /of95-001/8-append/apx4.tab  7  Miscellaneous notes

        Pit of Death Core Paleomagnetic Data. Paleomagnetic inclination measured by either Alternating Field
        demagnetization method or thermal demagnetization method.

        /of95-001/8-append/apx5.tab  1  Sample Label
        /of95-001/8-append/apx5.tab  2  Depth of sample (feet)
        /of95-001/8-append/apx5.tab  3  Depth of sample (meters)
        /of95-001/8-append/apx5.tab  4  Declination (degrees)
        /of95-001/8-append/apx5.tab  5  Inclination (degrees)
        /of95-001/8-append/apx5.tab  6  Delta (degrees)
        /of95-001/8-append/apx5.tab  7  Intensity
        /of95-001/8-append/apx5.tab  8  Polarity (Reversed/Not Reversed)
        /of95-001/8-append/apx5.tab  9  Method of Demagnetization (Thermal/Alternating Field)

        /of95-001/2-material/fig2.ps

        Vector component diagrams indicating representative
        demagnetizationbehavior of paleomagnetic samples.

        /of95-001/3-black_rock/fig3.gif
        /of95-001/3-black_rock/fig3.ps
        Diagram showing paleomagnetic interpretation, lithology, occurance
        of seeds, occurance of root traces, occurance of leaf impressions
        and magnetic susceptibility in the Black Rock core.

        /of95-001/3-black_rock/fig4.gif
        /of95-001/3-black_rock/fig4.ps
        Diagram showing the paleomagnetic inclination record of the
        Black Rock core.

        /of95-001/3-black_rock/fig5.gif
        /of95-001/3-black_rock/fig5.ps
        Diagram showing age vs. depth relationship based on paleomagnetics
        and tephrochronology in the Black Rock Core.

        /of95-001/3-black_rock/fig6.gif
        /of95-001/3-black_rock/fig6.ps
        Diagram showing paleomagnetic record and pollen percentages of 15
        taxa in the Black Rock core.

        /of95-001/3-black_rock/fig7.gif
        /of95-001/3-black_rock/fig7.ps
        Diagram showing paleomagnetic record and pollen summary diagram of
        Conifers vs. Steppe plants vs. Other taxa. vs aquatic pollen types
        occuring in the Black Rock Core

        /of95-001/3-black_rock/fig8.gif
        /of95-001/3-black_rock/fig8.ps
        Diagram of Three-level moving averages of conifer and steppe pollen
        from the Black Rock Core vs. time.

        /of95-001/4-pit_of_death/fig9.gif
        /of95-001/4-pit_of_death/fig9.ps
        Diagram showing paleomagnetic interpretation, lithology, occurance
        of mud cracks and magnetic susceptibility in the Pit of Death core.

        /of95-001/4-pit_of_death/fig10.gif
        /of95-001/4-pit_of_death/fig10.ps
        Diagram showing the paleomagnetic inclination record of the Pit of
        Death core.

        /of95-001/4-pit_of_death/fig11.gif
        /of95-001/4-pit_of_death/fig11.ps
        Diagram showing age vs. depth relationship based on paleomagnetics
        and tephrochronology in the Pit of Death Core.

        /of95-001/5-discussion/fig12.gif
        /of95-001/5-discussion/fig12.ps
        Diagram comparing the magnetic susceptibiliy records of the Black
        Rock and Pit of Death cores.

        /of95-001/5-discussion/fig13.gif
        /of95-001/5-discussion/fig13.ps
        Diagram comparing the chronologies and depositional rates of the
        Black Rock and Pit of Death cores.

        /of95-001/5-discussion/fig14.gif
        /of95-001/5-discussion/fig14.ps
        Diagram comparing the lacustrine histories of Pliocene through Pleistocene
        sites in western Utah.

        Paleoenvironmental interpretations summarizing the analysis of
        approximately 900 ostracode samples from the Black Rock core.

        Summary of results of analysis of 10 ostracode samples from the Pit
        of Death core.
      Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-1
  Distribution_Information:
    Distributor:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization: USGS ESIC-Open-File Report Sales
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing address
          Address:
            Mail Stop 517
            U.S. Geological Survey
            Box 25286, Building 810
            Denver Federal Center
          City: Denver
          State_or_Province: Colorado
          Postal_Code: 80225-0286
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 202-4210
        Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 236-4031
    Resource_Description: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-1
    Distribution_Liability:
      This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for
      conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or
      with the North American Stratigraphic Code).  Any use of trade,
      product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does
      not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
    Standard_Order_Process:
      Non-digital_Form: The full data set is published in paper form.
      Fees: See http://mapping.usgs.gov/esic/prices/index.html
    Distributor:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Person_Primary:
          Contact_Person: Kevin M. Foley
          Contact_Organization: Global Climate History Program,  U.S. Geological Survey
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing address
          Address:
            Mail Stop 918
            U.S. Geological Survey
            12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
          City: Reston
          State_or_Province: Virginia
          Postal_Code: 20192
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: (703) 648-5285
        Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (703) 648-6560
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kfoley@usgs.gov
    Resource_Description: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-1
    Distribution_Liability:
      This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for
      conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or
      with the North American Stratigraphic Code).  Any use of trade,
      product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does
      not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
    Standard_Order_Process:
      Digital_Form:
        Digital_Transfer_Information:
          Format_Name: TEXT
          Format_Information_Content:
            The information is structured and formatted for retrieval using
            WWW browsers.
        Digital_Transfer_Option:
          Online_Option:
            Computer_Contact_Information:
              Network_Address:
                Network_Resource_Name: <ftp://geochange.er.usgs.gov/pub/PRISM/of95-001>
                Network_Resource_Name: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of95-001/>
            Online_Computer_and_Operating_System:
              Data General AViiON 6220 system running DG/UX version 5.4R3.10
              (UNIX)
      Fees: none
  Metadata_Reference_Information:
    Metadata_Date: 19980930
    Metadata_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Person_Primary:
          Contact_Person: Kevin M. Foley
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing address
          Address:
            Mail Stop 918
            U.S. Geological Survey
            12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
          City: Reston
          State_or_Province: VA
          Postal_Code: 20192
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: (703) 648-5285
        Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (703) 648-6560
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kfoley@usgs.gov
    Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
    Metadata_Standard_Version: 19940608