OCTOBER, 1592. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. 275
Lincoln, Wis. 29th, Farmington, Me. ; Monroe, hiass. ; Man-
istee and Mottville, Rlich. ; Berlin Mills, N. H. ; Jamestown,
N. Y.; Florence, Wis. 30th, Ansley aiid Kennedy, Nehr.;
Loa, Utah ; Lnsk, Wyo. 31st, Duluth. Minn. ; Valentine,
Nebr. ; Chams, N. files. ; ~hstkwo(Jd. HighInore, Hotch Citp,
Millhank, and Wolsey, S. I h k .
HAIL.
Description of tlie more severe hailstorms of the inonth is
given under  Local storni8. Hail was reported as follows :
Ist, Indiana, Minnesota, Montana, ancl Wisconsin. 211, blon-
tana. 3d, Michigan, New York, ancl Ohio. 4th, Rlarylaud,
New York, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania. Eith, hlary-
land, Massachusetts, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. 8th, Alahania
and California. 10tli, Washington. 11th. California nnd
Washington. ISth, Nehraska nnd Oregon. 13th, hli3souri.
14th, California and Rliwouri. 15th, California. 16th,
California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Nebraska, and New
Tork. 17th ancl 18th, Kansas. 2lst, Colorado. Zd, New
Mexico. S3d, Michigan and New Tork. %th, New York,
North Carolina, and ( Ihio. 27th, California. 28th, Ari-
zona, Californin, Michigan, and Rhode Island. 39th, Arizona,
Alassacliiwtts, New Hampshire, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.
30th, Kansas and Texas. Slst, Arkansas, Colorado, Idaho,
Iowva, Riissouri, and Texas.
SLEET.
Sleet \vas repnrtpd as follows : Eith, New York, Ohio, and
Pennsylmnis. 6th, Terniont. 9th, Priinsylvania. l l t h ,
California and Utah. l l t h , NPW hlrxico. 92d, Pennsylvania.
l%l, Iiansas. %th, Arkansas and Michigan. %th, Georgia,
Nicliigan, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania. %th, Penn- sylvania. 29 th, hlichigan, Ohio. and Pennsylvania. 30th,
Nehraska. :illst, Nel~raska, Nevada, ancl iermont.
The prevailing winds fnr Octo1)er. 1892, tire shown on Clinrt
I1 hy arrows flying with the wind. I n the Nerr England ontl
middle Atlantic states and tlie lower lake region the wintls
were generally from soutliwwt to northwest ; in the south
Atlantic states, froin north to northeast ; nvrr the Florida
Peninsula, froin northrast to east ; in the Gulf States, froiii
northeast to southeast ; in the Ohio Yalley and Tennessee.
from northwest to northeast ; in the upper lake region, the
upper Mississippi valley, (311 the ~iortheast slope of the Rocky
Mountains, and along the inicldle Pacific coast. from south to
northwest: in the extreme northwest, from west to north ; in
the Missouri Valley aiid on the southead slope of the Rocky
Mountains, from southeast to south ; on tlie niiclclle-eastwn
slope of the Rocky Rfonntztiiis, over the middle platrau rrqioii,
and along the north Pacific coast, from southvast to south-
west ; over the soutlirrn plateau region, from east to ~)n t l i ;
along the HOUth Pacific co;tst, froin west to northnrrt ; ancl
over the northern platrau region. variable.
HIGH WINDS (in miles per hour).
Wind velocities of 50 iniler, or inore, per hour were re-
ported a t regular atatioiis of t l i P Weather Bureau as folln\vs :
8th. 51, e., a t Tato~sh Island, IVahh. Dth, 64, RP., :It Fort
Canby, Wash. IOtIi, 73, R., at Fort Chnhp, \Ia~h. l l t h , 72,
sw.? a t Aninrillo, Tex. ; 64. iiw., a t Pueblo, Colo. ltitli, S$,
sw., at Pikes Peak, C O ~U . ; 50, 9.. a t Amarillo, Tex. ; 50, se., at
Huron, S. Dt~k. ; 50, He., a t Dotlge City, IGtns. lith, 52, se.,
at Huron, R. Dak.; 60, s., a t Sttint Vincwt, Illinn. %I, 50,
ne., a t New Orleans, IA. lftli, 57, e., a t Tat(
%th, 6% e., at Tatoosh Islmd, wash. %th, 50. e., a t Tittoosh
Island, Iv\.ash. 2Gth. 60, e., at Tatoos11 Island, Jvash. ?sth,
55, my., a t Chicago, Ill. ; 66, sw., a t Detroit, Mich. ; .51, H W .,
at Clevelnnd, Ohio ; 52, w., a t (3rancl Haven. Micli. ; 50, nn .,
a t Milnaukee, Wis. S9th, 60, iiw., a t C~lerelaiid, Ohio ; 55,
HH., a t Detroit, Rlich.; 50, nw., at Port Huron. RIicli.
LOrAL STORMS.
1st.-High wind unroofed dwellings nnd 1 miis in eabtern
Maine. A heavy thunder and hail btoriii iiioved Pmt over
Saint Paul, Minn., in the afternoon ; 3 hnildings \\ere struck
by lightning. In Laraca Bay, Tes., vessel3 were damaged by
high 11 ind.
2d.-.kt Marqnette, Rlich., a thunclerstorm began in the early nioriiiiig and ended 10.15 a. in. ; a house war struck hy
lightning, and telephone wires were burned out.
Sd.-In the eveiiiiig a house in Clevelnnd, Ohio, \\ as struck
by lightning. A Iiouse and a bani near Mesquite. Tes.. n ere
struck by lightning,
4th.-A report, froin Eden Center, N. Y., states that 3 fun-
nel-shaped cloudr \I. ere oI)wrved over Lake Erie, and that one
IJf the ClOLldS (il I n waterspout which lasted about 30
riiinzites. The \\ I ~T Burenu station n t Kittyhawk, N. C.,
was struck 1)y lightning. In the evening a wind, rain, and
hail storm niovrd northeast over \Vafihington, N. C. ; a church
was struck hy lightning.
6th.--d heavy tliundrr and rain storm occurred a t Ven-
turn, Cnl., in the evening; the electric light plant was struck
by lightning.
7th.--At Vrvay. Ind.. ii hr)use was struck by lightning. A
northwest gale, with rail a t Rlnrqnette, Mich.; sev-
era1 veswls were 01)ligrtl lter in the harbor.
8 th .-At S( )1( )111011S, iderstc win prevailed from
5.50 to 7 1). in. ; trees aiid outhuilclings were blown down. In
a thunderstorm, with rain and a heavy squall of
minor claniaq~ :it Mobile, Ala. The Milwaukee
strniiic.r froin Grand Haven, hlich., wts compelled to return to
port on account ~)f hravy seas and high wind on Lake Michigan.
High sonth~vrst \\ iiicls ani1 henry rain prevailed along the mid-
cllr and north P:ic.ific caoasts.
11=12th.--At Clieyeni~r, Wyo., liigli nnrth~vest wind and
snow I,epiin 10.25 1). in., l l t h , and continued during the 13th ;
srveii inclips of snow frll ; traffic oil railrnacls wits hlockecl ;
and telegraphic conimunication was cut) At, Pueblo, colo.,
rain chanyrd to sii(~\\ a t 10.SO 1%. in., 12th, and snow changtd
to rain in the afternoon, with high west to northwest winds
rrnchrd :t vrlocity o f Ci4 miles per hour at intervals
11 110011 and 1 1. 111. Consideral~le tlaiiiage mas caused
I)y wind. Trains on lines rnniiing north were delayed by
1ir:ivy snow. At Drnwr, C(JlO., rain alternated with snow in
tlir niorning, and the 11 ind reached a velocity of 48 miles per
hour from the northwest a t S a. in., 12th. The storm was
wry severe tlirouglinut eastrrii Coloritdo ; st.veral persons and
a large niimI,er of cattle wrre frozrn. High nind and heavy
rain caiised con~idrralde damagr in Indian Territory. At Titusville, Fla., a heavy rainstorm occurred almut noon, 12th ;
2.60 inchrs of rainfall were recorcled in 50 minutes.
13th.-At Kansas City, N o ., a thunder, rain, and hail
storm liegnii in the nftrrnoon, arid fitin continud until mid-
night ; a Luiltling was struck by lightning. A t Eureka, Cal., rain fell froin a cloudless ~k y froin 10.30 to 11.30 1). in. ; the
raindrops were large and ~cattrrecl ; amount of rainfall, .03
inch.
lGth.--x severe thunderstorm occ1irrecl in Connecticut
and sontherii Xlassachusetts. A t North Stonington, Conn., B
inn11 \vas rqmrtrd killed by lightning. Near Bridgeport, Comi.,
li$tning struck a h r n , severely shocking one person and
killing 2 horses. h i Franciscu, Gal., \%as visited hy a heavy
rain and tliundrr storm in the morning.
276 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. OCTOBER, 1892.
4.9
5.2
5.0
2.3 6.0
3. s
1.9
2.2
6 .0
7 .3
3.0
1.4
2.3
aSd.-High wind delayed traffic and caused some damage
to shipping about New York City and on Long Island Sound.
a8d-A report from Abilene, Tex., stated that the rain-
fall of the preceding five days, 5.66 inches, exceeded by 1.00
inch the greatest depth of rainfall recorded a t that station
for a like period in October ; streams overflowed and roads
were almost impassable.
28d=Z6th.-Northeast gales prevailed along the Caro-
lina coasts.
27th.-At New Orleans, La., a church steeple was struck
by lightning.
2Sth.-An exceptionally heavy thunderstorni occurred in
the mountains northeast of Pasadena, Cal. ; some hail fell,
and heavy rain swelled streams, causing some damage.
ZS=aOth.-Heavy gales prevailed on the Great Lakes.
About 40 vessels were wrecked or damaged, and much dam-
age was caused in the interior. A t Milwaukee, Ris., fir0
driven by high northwest wind destroyed property to the esti-
mated value of $5,000,000 on the 28th. At Marquette, hlich.,
the wind reached a velocity of 46 miles per hour from the
north a t 7.06 p. 111. of the 28th, and continued to hlow heavily
. until the morning of the 29th; the storm was reported the
severest ever experienced a t that station. A schooner was
wrecked 9 miles south of hhnistee, Mich. At Chicago, Ill.,
the wind shifted to northwest and reached a velocity of 58
miles per hour a t 4 p. m., 28th, causing damage of a minor
character.
A t Wilgus, Ariz., a house was blown down.
-___
I
I,* 2
I 1
2
I
1 3 3
1
..................
I
a
8
3
I
-
INLAND NAVIGATION.
1.7 - 1 .0
3.0
1 .0
3.6
2.4
- 0. I
1 .1
5.0
5.9
0.6
0.5
0.7
BTAQE OF WATER IN RIVERS.
The following table shows the danger-points a t the various
river stations; the highest and lowest stages for the month,
with the dates of occurrence, and the monthly ranges :
Heights qf rivers above loa-water mark, Oet., 1893 (in feet and leiiths).
2F31 30
31
30,31 29331
29-31
27-31
26-31
27
17
31
31
..................
27-31
Red River. Shreveport, L a . ................. Arknnrns River.
Fort Smith, Ark ................ Little Rock, Ark ................ iUi8souri River. Fort Buford. N. Dak ................... Bismarck, N. Dak ...................... Pierre, S. Dxk ................... Sioux Cit I o w a . .......... Omaha &br ... ..:':::. .......... Ksnsa,'Cii,,hlo .,. .~ ............
Saint Paul, Minn ................ La Crosse. Wis .................. Dubuque, Iowa.. ................. Davenport, Iowa. ................ Keokuk, Iowa. ..................
Hannibal,,Mo.. .................. Saint Louis, Ma ................. Cairo, 111 ........................
ISSUmppk RWW.
~ ~~
At Red Wing, Minn., the wind reached a velocity of 48
miles per hour from the northeast a t 9.23 a. m.; the storm
was reported the severest of the season a t that place. At Alpena, Mich., the gale began 5.20 p. m., 28th, and ended 1.45
p. m., 29th ; vessels were detained, and .a number of wrecks
were reported. A t Grand Haven, blich., a southwest gale be-
gan the afternoon of the 28th; the wind shifted to west at 5
p. ni., reached a velocity of 52 miles per hour a t 11.07 p. m.,
and continued during the 29th ; a schooner was wrecked near
Muskegon, and the captain was drowned; and much damage
of a minor character was caused in the city.
A t Detroit, hIich., the gale began 8 a. m. of the 28th with B
gust of wind reaching 45 to 60 miles per hour, and continued
until 1.13 p. m. of the 29th. The storm was reported the
most destructive in two years. The wind lowered the water
in the river a t Detroit 4 feet, and the water in Lake Saint
Clair was lowered 2 feet. A t Toledo the wind reached a ve-
locity of 42 miles per hour a t 2.17 a. m. of the 29th. A t San-
dusky, Ohio, a northwest gale during the 29th lowered the
water in the bay 5 feet, grounding several vessels. At Cleve-
land, Ohio, the wind reached a velocity of 60 miles per hour
from the northwest on the 29th ; 3 steamers, 5 barges, and 2
schooners went ashore in the harbor. At Buffalo, N. Y., the
wind reached a velocity of 42 miles per hour from the west
a t 12.54 a. m. of the 29th ; vessels were delayed.
29th.-At Newburyport, Mass., a thunder, rain, and hail
storm prevailed from 5 to 5.30 p. m., causing some damage.
29.9
22.0
23.0
14.0 18.7 1S.o
21.0
14.0
11.8 16.0
15.0
14.0
17.0 30. o
40.0
Highest water.
Ieight
7.3
11.4
5.4 1.8
0.7 7.0
7.1
3. I
2.4 3 .4 2.4
2.3
3.3 6.3
6.7
10.2
.......
Date.
Lowest water.
ieight
- 1.9
0.7
5.4
4 .9
1.5
4.5
5.0
a. 2
1.8
2.7 1.6
1.3
- 0 .2
......
2.2
5.0
3.9
Date.
Heights nf riuers-Continued.
rlIissi81'iuvi Ricer-Continued. I ._ Meniphis, 'I'enn.. ................ V icksburp, MI R B ................. New Orleans, L:i ................. Ohio River.
Parkersburg, W. Va. ............. Cine i nnat I , UIi i o .................
Crmrberlfiild River.
Nashville. 'I'enn ................. T e n n y e e Biver. Zhattanooga. Lenn.. ............. Knoxville, Tenn ................. Munongnheln River.
Pittsburg, Pa .................... Saiwiinnh River.
Augusta, Ga. ..................... Il'illaiuette River. Portland, Oregag ................ Siisptrehnnnn River.
Harrisburg, P a .. ................. Alnbnnin River. Montgomery, Ala.. ..............
Louisville, Ky ...................
33.0 41.0
13.0
3s. 0
45.0
24.0
40. o
29. o
29.0
32.0
15.0
17.0
4s. 0
33.0
Highest water.
The stage of water in the Ohio River and tributaries and
in streams of the east Gulf states was very low throughout
the month.
ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY.
THUNDERSTORMS.
Description of the more severe thunderstorms reported for
the month is given under " Local storms."
Thunderstorms were reported as follows: -East of the
Rocky Mountains they were reported in the greatest number
of states, 16, on the 4th ; in 10 to 15 on the lst, 3d, 7th, 8th,
12tl1, 13th, 14th, and 17th ; in 5 to 9 on the 2d, 5th, loth, l l t h ,
16th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 29th, 30th, and 31st; and in 1 to 4 on
the 6th, 9th, 15th, 2lst, and 23d to 28th. The 22d was the
only date on which thunderstorms were not reported.
East of the Rocky Mountains thunderstorms were reported
on the greatest number of dates, 21, in Texas; on 12 in
Florida; on 5 to 10 in Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,
Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska,
New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota,