Title                  :CLEDX
Keywords               :EDXS quantitative analysis, Cliff-Lorimer
Computer               :IBM PC family or clones
Operating System       :Microsoft DOS 3.x or higher
Programming Language   :Microsoft FORTRAN Optimizing compiler 4.10
                       :(large library, math-coprocessor emulator mode)
Hardware Requirements  :None
Author(s)              :Pierre TREBBIA
Correspondence Address :Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Bat. 510
                       :F91405 ORSAY CEDEX FRANCE.
                       :Email : Bitnet address : TREBBIA@FRUPS51
 
Documentation:
 
CLEDX is a self-documented FORTRAN program. After compiling and
linking with the Microsoft Optimizing Compiler 4.10, you should
obtain an executable task CLEDX.EXE. Running this task will prompt
you with a lot of explicite questions containing always a suggested
(default) answer. No special user-guide is needed for using CLEDX.
Of course, I strongly suggest to test CLEDX using the following
output example : you must obtain the same results provided you enter
the same set-up and experimental data.
In case of problem, please refer to Ultramicroscopy 27, p.343-348
(1989), and/or print the listing of CLEDX : a lot of valuable
comments are included into the source code giving indications about
both the algorithms and the origin of the formulae and data.
 
Here is now a typical output from CLEDX :
 
                      DEMONSTRATION OF PROGRAM CLEDX
 
                       **** Angular Conditions ****
 
    Specimen tilt angles (deg.) =  25.00 18.00
    Detector elevation angle (deg.) = 33.00
    Detector azimuthal angle (deg.) =  90.00
    Detector inclination angle (deg.) =  30.00
    X-ray take-off angle (deg.) =  58.00
 
Global tilt (deg.) :  25.00
Real foil thickness = Apparent foil thickness *   0.91
 
                *****    AEM Thin Film EDX Analysis    *****
 
                      done on : 10-DEC-88 at 14:04:10
 
                  6 elements.      1 independant analysis.
 
                              *** CAUTION ***
     Remember that this is a compound in which ALL the elements
     are perhaps NOT detectable...: Carbide, Nitride, Oxide ...
 
Elements : As Mo Si Pr Bi Cd
 
 
Operating kV =  100.0
Effective carbon contamination (micr.) =  0.0000
Effective Be window (micr.) = 10.0
Effective Au layer (Angs.) =   300.
Effective dead layer (Angs.) =  3004.
Effective active layer (cm) =  0.300
Calculated C-L factors
NO absorption correction.
No user supplied bulk density
 
 
                   ***** Experiment number :   1 *****
 
 
                   Title : Demonstration output
 
 
Element  Atomic no.  Line type  Integrated Intensity  Integrated Background
 
  As        33        K alpha                 100.                  10.
  Mo        42        K beta                  200.                  15.
  Si        14        K total                 300.                  30.
  Pr        59        L alpha                 250.                  20.
  Bi        83        L beta                  300.                  28.
  Cd        48        L total                 150.                  12.
 
              *** Results of Cliff-Lorimer algorithm ***
 
                        beta = v/c = 0.5482
 
 
                            Element : As
Atomic nb : 33      Atomic weight :  74.922      X-Ray line type : K alpha
Mean wavelength (Ang.) :  1.1774        Mean X-Ray energy (keV) : 10.530
Ionization energy (keV) :  11.8667      Overvoltage :   6.4709
Cross section (cm2) :   0.1786E-21      Fluo yield : 0.5683
Weight of the line : 0.8640             Detection efficiency : 0.9914
                      Overall C-L factor :   1.0000
 
 
                            Element : Mo
Atomic nb : 42      Atomic weight :  95.940      X-Ray line type : K beta
Mean wavelength (Ang.) :  0.6308        Mean X-Ray energy (keV) : 19.653
Ionization energy (keV) :  19.9995      Overvoltage :   3.8395
Cross section (cm2) :   0.8685E-22      Fluo yield : 0.7638
Weight of the line : 0.1649             Detection efficiency : 0.9468
                      Overall C-L factor :  10.7459
 
 
                            Element : Si
Atomic nb : 14      Atomic weight :  28.086      X-Ray line type : K total
Mean wavelength (Ang.) :  7.1170        Mean X-Ray energy (keV) :  1.742
Ionization energy (keV) :   1.8389      Overvoltage :  41.7579
Cross section (cm2) :   0.2581E-20      Fluo yield : 0.0430
Weight of the line : 1.0000             Detection efficiency : 0.7335
                      Overall C-L factor :   0.4002
 
 
                            Element : Pr
Atomic nb : 59      Atomic weight : 140.908      X-Ray line type : L alpha
Mean wavelength (Ang.) :  2.4643        Mean X-Ray energy (keV) :  5.031
Ionization energy (keV) :   5.9643      Overvoltage :  12.8747
Cross section (cm2) :   0.1395E-20      Fluo yield : 0.1180
Weight of the line : 0.4823             Detection efficiency : 0.9385
                      Overall C-L factor :   2.1941
 
 
                            Element : Bi
Atomic nb : 83      Atomic weight : 208.980      X-Ray line type : L beta
Mean wavelength (Ang.) :  0.9519        Mean X-Ray energy (keV) : 13.025
Ionization energy (keV) :  15.7111      Overvoltage :   4.8875
Cross section (cm2) :   0.4765E-21      Fluo yield : 0.3730
Weight of the line : 0.4960             Detection efficiency : 0.9866
                      Overall C-L factor :   2.7877
 
 
                            Element : Cd
Atomic nb : 48      Atomic weight : 112.411      X-Ray line type : L total
Mean wavelength (Ang.) :  3.8565        Mean X-Ray energy (keV) :  3.215
Ionization energy (keV) :   3.5375      Overvoltage :  21.7070
Cross section (cm2) :   0.3006E-20      Fluo yield : 0.0560
Weight of the line : 1.0000             Detection efficiency : 0.8389
                      Overall C-L factor :   0.9234
 
 
              ***** Solution UNCORRECTED for absorption *****
 
 
                   **** Concentration Results ****
 
 
     *** Warning : elements Mo and Cd have been interchanged ***
 
 
              Estimation of Weight Concentrations
              -----------------------------------
 
Elem      Peak    Background    h       Var(P)      Wght %      Sigma(Wght %)
 
 As        100.         10.    2.0        120.       2.5690       0.2809
 Cd        150.         12.    2.0        174.       3.5585       0.3122
 Si        300.         30.    2.0        360.       3.0844       0.1949
 Pr        250.         20.    2.0        290.      14.0913       0.9380
 Bi        300.         28.    2.0        356.      21.4845       1.2896
 Mo        200.         15.    2.0        230.      55.2123       1.5919
 
  Estimation of covariances
  -------------------------
Covariance(As,Cd) =   -0.37849E-07
Covariance(As,Si) =   -0.14708E-07
Covariance(As,Pr) =   -0.35610E-06
Covariance(As,Bi) =   -0.70568E-06
Covariance(Cd,Si) =   -0.18186E-07
Covariance(Cd,Pr) =   -0.44032E-06
Covariance(Cd,Bi) =   -0.87257E-06
Covariance(Si,Pr) =   -0.17110E-06
Covariance(Si,Bi) =   -0.33907E-06
Covariance(Pr,Bi) =   -0.82096E-05
 
  Estimation of confidence intervals assuming NO ERROR on C-L coeff.
  ------------------------------------------------------------------
 
    At the confidence level alpha = 0.10 :
 
Element  As Interval :  2.569  + -  0.462
Element  Cd Interval :  3.558  + -  0.514
Element  Si Interval :  3.084  + -  0.321
Element  Pr Interval : 14.091  + -  1.543
Element  Bi Interval : 21.485  + -  2.121
Element  Mo Interval : 55.212  + -  2.619
 
    At the confidence level alpha = 0.05 :
 
Element  As Interval :  2.569  + -  0.551
Element  Cd Interval :  3.558  + -  0.612
Element  Si Interval :  3.084  + -  0.382
Element  Pr Interval : 14.091  + -  1.839
Element  Bi Interval : 21.485  + -  2.528
Element  Mo Interval : 55.212  + -  3.120
 
    At the confidence level alpha = 0.01 :
 
Element  As Interval :  2.569  + -  0.723
Element  Cd Interval :  3.558  + -  0.804
Element  Si Interval :  3.084  + -  0.502
Element  Pr Interval : 14.091  + -  2.415
Element  Bi Interval : 21.485  + -  3.321
Element  Mo Interval : 55.212  + -  4.099
 
Mu/ro(lamda(As),As) coeff :      37.8399
Mu/ro(lamda(As),Mo) coeff :      76.0130
Mu/ro(lamda(As),Si) coeff :      28.9956
Mu/ro(lamda(As),Pr) coeff :     194.6644
Mu/ro(lamda(As),Bi) coeff :     121.4439
Mu/ro(lamda(As),Cd) coeff :     110.5914
Mu/ro(lamda(Mo),As) coeff :      50.9196
Mu/ro(lamda(Mo),Mo) coeff :      13.9235
Mu/ro(lamda(Mo),Si) coeff :       5.1481
Mu/ro(lamda(Mo),Pr) coeff :      36.5585
Mu/ro(lamda(Mo),Bi) coeff :      94.3361
Mu/ro(lamda(Mo),Cd) coeff :      20.3841
Mu/ro(lamda(Si),As) coeff :    5141.5825
Mu/ro(lamda(Si),Mo) coeff :    1481.8705
Mu/ro(lamda(Si),Si) coeff :     322.7175
Mu/ro(lamda(Si),Pr) coeff :    4334.4004
Mu/ro(lamda(Si),Bi) coeff :    1918.2653
Mu/ro(lamda(Si),Cd) coeff :    2228.8499
Mu/ro(lamda(Pr),As) coeff :     284.2106
Mu/ro(lamda(Pr),Mo) coeff :     566.7220
Mu/ro(lamda(Pr),Si) coeff :     224.3123
Mu/ro(lamda(Pr),Pr) coeff :     275.0118
Mu/ro(lamda(Pr),Bi) coeff :     828.6407
Mu/ro(lamda(Pr),Cd) coeff :     818.4572
Mu/ro(lamda(Bi),As) coeff :     153.9934
Mu/ro(lamda(Bi),Mo) coeff :      42.6310
Mu/ro(lamda(Bi),Si) coeff :      16.0899
Mu/ro(lamda(Bi),Pr) coeff :     110.1079
Mu/ro(lamda(Bi),Bi) coeff :      69.8706
Mu/ro(lamda(Bi),Cd) coeff :      62.1560
Mu/ro(lamda(Cd),As) coeff :     965.2724
Mu/ro(lamda(Cd),Mo) coeff :    1916.1725
Mu/ro(lamda(Cd),Si) coeff :     775.6093
Mu/ro(lamda(Cd),Pr) coeff :     881.2006
Mu/ro(lamda(Cd),Bi) coeff :    1648.9332
Mu/ro(lamda(Cd),Cd) coeff :     453.1339
 
Mu/ro(lamda(As),specimen) coeff :     101.2927
Mu/ro(lamda(Mo),specimen) coeff :      35.2990
Mu/ro(lamda(Si),specimen) coeff :    2062.4331
Mu/ro(lamda(Pr),specimen) coeff :     573.0274
Mu/ro(lamda(Bi),specimen) coeff :      60.7288
Mu/ro(lamda(Cd),specimen) coeff :    1601.2467
 
         The calculated bulk density is  8.42 g/cc
 
 
  If the foil, at this analysis site, is greater than     497.Angstroms,
   an absorption correction may be required.
 
 
                    Absorption correction requested.
                    Apparent foil thickness (Angs.) :   800.
 
 
               ***** Solution CORRECTED for absorption *****
 
 
 
Iteration #   1
Mu/ro(lamda(As),specimen) coeff :     101.2927
Mu/ro(lamda(Mo),specimen) coeff :      35.2990
Mu/ro(lamda(Si),specimen) coeff :    2062.4331
Mu/ro(lamda(Pr),specimen) coeff :     573.0274
Mu/ro(lamda(Bi),specimen) coeff :      60.7288
Mu/ro(lamda(Cd),specimen) coeff :    1601.2467
    Absorption Correction (As,Mo):   1.002
    Absorption Correction (As,Si):   0.932
    Absorption Correction (As,Pr):   0.983
    Absorption Correction (As,Bi):   1.001
    Absorption Correction (As,Cd):   0.947
 
                   **** Concentration Results ****
 
 
     *** Warning : elements Mo and Cd have been interchanged ***
 
 
              Estimation of Weight Concentrations
              -----------------------------------
 
Elem      Peak    Background    h       Var(P)      Wght %      Sigma(Wght %)
 
 As        100.         10.    2.0        120.       2.5562       0.2795
 Cd        150.         12.    2.0        174.       3.7372       0.3278
 Si        300.         30.    2.0        360.       3.2935       0.2081
 Pr        250.         20.    2.0        290.      14.2611       0.9485
 Bi        300.         28.    2.0        356.      21.3459       1.2814
 Mo        200.         15.    2.0        230.      54.8060       1.5933
 
  Estimation of covariances
  -------------------------
Covariance(As,Cd) =   -0.41827E-07
Covariance(As,Si) =   -0.16803E-07
Covariance(As,Pr) =   -0.36544E-06
Covariance(As,Bi) =   -0.69796E-06
Covariance(Cd,Si) =   -0.23147E-07
Covariance(Cd,Pr) =   -0.50342E-06
Covariance(Cd,Bi) =   -0.96149E-06
Covariance(Si,Pr) =   -0.20223E-06
Covariance(Si,Bi) =   -0.38624E-06
Covariance(Pr,Bi) =   -0.84004E-05
 
  Estimation of confidence intervals assuming NO ERROR on C-L coeff.
  ------------------------------------------------------------------
 
    At the confidence level alpha = 0.10 :
 
Element  As Interval :  2.556  + -  0.460
Element  Cd Interval :  3.737  + -  0.539
Element  Si Interval :  3.294  + -  0.342
Element  Pr Interval : 14.261  + -  1.560
Element  Bi Interval : 21.346  + -  2.108
Element  Mo Interval : 54.806  + -  2.621
 
    At the confidence level alpha = 0.05 :
 
Element  As Interval :  2.556  + -  0.548
Element  Cd Interval :  3.737  + -  0.642
Element  Si Interval :  3.294  + -  0.408
Element  Pr Interval : 14.261  + -  1.859
Element  Bi Interval : 21.346  + -  2.511
Element  Mo Interval : 54.806  + -  3.123
 
    At the confidence level alpha = 0.01 :
 
Element  As Interval :  2.556  + -  0.720
Element  Cd Interval :  3.737  + -  0.844
Element  Si Interval :  3.294  + -  0.536
Element  Pr Interval : 14.261  + -  2.442
Element  Bi Interval : 21.346  + -  3.300
Element  Mo Interval : 54.806  + -  4.103
 
 
              Estimation of Atomic Concentrations
              -----------------------------------
 
Element : As   At. Wght. :  74.922   Density :   5.727   Atomic % :  3.5568
Element : Mo   At. Wght. :  95.940   Density :  10.200   Atomic % : 59.5528
Element : Si   At. Wght. :  28.086   Density :   2.330   Atomic % : 12.2252
Element : Pr   At. Wght. : 140.908   Density :   6.773   Atomic % : 10.5510
Element : Bi   At. Wght. : 208.980   Density :   9.800   Atomic % : 10.6484
Element : Cd   At. Wght. : 112.411   Density :   8.642   Atomic % :  3.4659
 
 
    At this analysis point, the apparent foil thickness is  800. Angstroms
             The mean X-Ray path length is  427. Angstroms.
                  The bulk density is  8.425 g/cc.
           **********************************************