FLS                   - 104 -                    1939

Awil Zlst.       Holiday.   Tirade&es.

           The foibwin& five persons had iltncheon st the laboratory:
Drb:. Kerr, Jacobs, Li&.res, &r. i&m-us and my-serf.

April 22nc.i.

Day at the office.

April ZYrd.

sway *

April 24th.

Left R&o bj Pamir plane at 8 AU arriviw in Buenos Aires
about four iza thtr rifternoon, havine: made only 0~3 stop en
route at Porte Ale&Ire.

Am3.l 25th.      Most of the m Tzith Dr. Sordelli at the Dacteriological
              Ustitute.  LOOK over trte proposed ymrters for the virus
           laboratory uu finti theu highly satisfactory with the
rPodificatiom which Sordelli has planned.  Discuss felfowship candidates and fiad
that tno suitable mm are available.

              Yet-at Dr. Alberta Ferzuxadez of Veneeuela who has been named
Rit%c2'.r>r Of the hew IIIF3tftUte of ByjgieOe in CuTaCaS and is ww visiti&j Othl? South
AWW~LJA countries in order to &et ideas.  (Dr. ?h&mio Suarea of Chile ks recently
be;eh fn Venezuela ti is apparently duplicati% there r&at he did in Lir;r some years
ago.  The end result of &ares qy Well be good altho%h his ir&tial interest is
alwrry 9 the sue, mn~el, , the orociuction of biolodicalv hrivint: ii raar&et v&m).

           Luncheon at Sordelli's hoete, 01-a. Fzrn&ez,
Soriaho beiw the other +ssts.

           i;?L at the Department of iiygiene but fim that Dr. Sussini,
the President, hae trlf. --.y left.

           i'o the Brazilian Consulate only to fizm that sky old friend,
DL*. Psixoto, htis r>cired oacause of a&3 clod is now in Rio.

              Meet the 10.30 train front Tucuplan at the Hetiro Station and
find Dr. Barber without a~ overcoat although it ie uncomc"ort&blji colu.   Dr. and drs.
Del Ponte and Dr. b.r~er have beexa on a five c;2ay jaunt to the psetiopunctt~enn3.s
country between Tucvac*a iind Jujuy.

Aaril 26th. 1

AtttwPpt to secure gassatja for Dr. Barber oa the 26th but find
the pLnne Euu.  Arrange paeaade for Wiy 1st.

           lith Dr. Barber to the Hedth DepMaent u&d call on Dr.
Mi#lel sussini..  Dr. Sussini says he has Laxen up +Lhe uattor oL' Foumation     /
uollaboration in the virus laboratom with tie Yinister of the Xnterior and hasi
secured Covermeat approval.                                                      I


FLS               -&OS -                   1959

Aari.1 26th.
-continued-

Dr. Sussini states that he is leaving the Iiealth Department
on a permanent retirement basis early hext montn.   He is
unwillin& to m&&e a &ess as to ,$hiti probable successor.

       Dr. barber sees and hears, in Spani;jh, Ferciiwndo he1 Toro
to fill in the long wait between tea anti dinner in duenos tires.
Plaza Grill with Dr. anir Us. Sordelli, Dr. ~1 Z&s. aei Ponte,
flarber arlci Dr. FdJ3I4ddQ pWY&lt.   Dr. Sussini was undbie to De
the wedding 0:` hi; on& son tc3iibi.  (Joaephinc%cer nad &so di
Grill but not at our trio&).

April 27th.

F.in;~~~ complete tire wori~ of &ettin& visas for 2jr. Bar:iier and
;ayYel? to sntes Draail.

Club.

Dinner wit!1 Drs. Sussini, BUDGE and l'ernande;: at the Jockey

           Durind the g&St two iiu;*s I have iiau an opportunity to uiscuss   ,
t!lif guM.ae question c;<itn Dr. l&r&~ rind am mruring arrangements for him to go to u'*
nortn-east Braail to look over the local situation there tina dive us mat help he
Carl. Dr. 'BEWLXT explaimd very carefully thtit no is beyond the FoWation age limit
etnd i5 d0:r:1 htX@ at gl'i?S@nt t?iitirely Oti ills 0Wn.   i tidwre ililp I will not tare this-
fuct into consicioration sut will ahameiessly trJ$ to jet jut <is much out of his
vi.jit ay if he mrz WI the ?uuntistion gsqroll.

April 28th.      Leave nuanos Aires at 6 M arriviiy in kio tit S.4:, Pm with just
           enough light to laou comf'ortablji.  The trip is t&e first I
            hrlva igade @ wq. of Paraguay.  &r. Norment aaG z&L liudhes, old
friends from the American College in Asu&ion,
aitn L)r. Ia3&rrZ&ie,                 were at the fiyilk; fielo toi;ether
            the Director of: tns Public Health Dep+Wz,mttnt, wnom I nad not
pKY3ViOUSl;); Ai& Wld il )OUikn UOCtOX', Dr. hmilio Velilla, who is cornin;, to dsatiil
soon for training in yellow fever vllccination.  Cm3 of ny olu dusrdhu, F2&3cha,
wu5 also prese:it.

          At I@~ssu I meet Professor ilaunb of the Universit;, of Porte
Rico, 0nGe ;nore.  i)sunh i;i en route to Buenos Aires to mcide tirangements for the
Educational Congress ?,here 12-i CBY~ the nrazilisn najotidtions fail, entirely.


FL5                  - 106 -

1939

April 29th.         Day at the o.ffice.

jmril 30th.         Sunday.

i4av 1st.          Low discussion with EC regardirq( the orpnization of
                 the W.aria Service in the lorth.   EC states that there
              is good work in the distribution of medicine md Bo@e
baginning of goti work in anti-larval service.  However, the, laborator,; 2md
research end of the aor& is rrot properl3f staffed.  i3C says that we all aLready
know that there are aot uvaihbh in Brasil x+&en to do the work rnich arust be done
if the p&las situation is to be properQ studied.

Dr. Barber arrives.

              Today is a holidtiy and eve rthind is closed after lunch.
                 ?i
The Brahms restaurant closea its doors while we are  unch.  In the p;r(ude &agnars
in favor of Uargas, Roosevelt and Aranha also have words recommending peace.

May 2nd.

Call with Dr. Bb;rber at the Wealth Dqartnmnt on Dr.
Barros Barreto.                                        ,- .

              Also call with Dr. Barber on Dr. Fontea and Dr. tieiva
at the Oswaldo Crux Imtitute.

..I s - _ .., - -- . . . * - 1     _...


* 107 -                    1939

Usy 3rd.

Drs. Barber and Jacobs to uinher with Dr. and Mrs. E.
Chadas ctti &-a. Wilson.

Yw 4th.           Leave Kio by looal Pmair servPce at 6 AM. At Victoria
               the right sPotor refused to do any aore work but we
                 remained on the florlt in the middle of the river from 8
in the rrrorning until three in the afternoon aken the recision was taxen to r8aii.n
the night in Victoria.  le passed by the Bex Botei anti the tistel Imprial to go
to ti;e Majestic Hotel t                    bY-
              I put in a call for Dr. D~rval'LW, the tirec tor of the
SFA for the State of Espirito Santa.  DL arrives at the hotel after comiderable
delay explaini~+~ that hia chauffeur had rssigmd ;osterdzq on arrival in Victoria
sfter a hard trip in the interior stating Frank t.h%t he ~8s unstilfn&' to su'mit
to the discipline OF the SFA.

               with Dt and &l!hif ctiL1. at tne Heai.th kqw"tPPent rr~.I See oole
of IQT olir frientis who -st,tenqhd in crll gooci faith some $ears srr;o to create a mw
subgenus of Anophelee to be called Soperia I  But fortumtely his attempt failed
and further conkafoxs in the entomological literature i~as ;tvoiiied,   we' found tile
director of the State Health Service out ano went on to the SFA bvhere &&nor&co
Oliveira, irisectos of the Stcite Service sooh appeared.

i&d we faund hipp at the iiatith Dspartmmt the km&h of

our visit coulti htrve men determintm by us I ~0 am I bmkssed tile present
situation of yellow fever iu tMState of ,,nnlrrtn
                                              3~` 1. .         I msured ii0 thiit the
epideeaic couch has cost over 90 c&se8 proven by viticerotooqi; is now on the qecl%r~e
and that on& a few cases we to be expected next raouth.  I: admit thnt there have
been failures of vaccinatiou but point out that, even in the uJorst results we have,
at least SO$ of those vwcinated have been imnunixed a8 shown ;by t;ie mouse
protection test.   ?his year's work, ia  :-him vaccination wxs carried out in
i)otober, November azk kcember in tie uis L~icts where outbreaks of yallo.~ f'a~er
iwre anticipated during the sumer uhd where they did in effect ocCur, !S:SU given
us a oetter checir on tho results o? vaccination than *ct m&&t otherwise have ilad
st the end of 5 or 10 yea.r~~ word.  I point out that nothing has been foumi so
far to alter our opiti.od: o!' the value of t:'l~ prerjent a&hod of vaccination ati
also am disagreeable to the paint q.f remindi~ A0 of the big outbrea& of s~~allpox
in Rio in 1926 in which sop~e ~2.500 fatal. cases occurred.  (Dr. 613 has been a
stauzmh mpporter of the WA for maw yersrs anti has t-en an active pzu?t in
getting full collaboration o f d.2, locti authorities for tke vhccinatioa ?rogrEur
in the infected districts.  A3 was in the health Departmnt in 1932 and was sent
to the Valle do Canaan to invsstigate repbd suspect CWBS. A0 mtopsied one
of the three cases frond which liver sections vere obtained in the Canatrn outirmk.)

              Dr. Durvdt shows wit11 pride the organization of the local
office rxrd insists that he n&s no evidence of stegomyicr in the southern part of
the State in recent &mnLhs with tke sxceptio~~ of a fen adults foW near the
railway Ytation which sygevtv to hia (as gas to hsve been expected) th&t the


May 4th.           adult8 were m'ought in from outside the State by the
-continued-            trains.

May 5th.          UB and I leave on the plane which refused to boric
              yesterday and reach RBcife about 3 PM.   We visited
the SFA officu with Dr. Odair France. &et Dr. Gorsldo de made, a 1oca.A
light, who presents ae with a very attractive volum of which he is the author
on the diaignosis of Anaurisnr !  I promise to t&c for the local YIedical Society
some time when passing throq$ Hecife WA the subject of yellow fever sinc8 in
extending the invitatioa GA tissu)['~m that no rmmuscript will be required.

Mav 6th.         &rive in Port&e&a 'by (%mIUodOr8 before three o*cloCk,
               and are met Uy Drs. DBV, Anibal Franca and Hello SilQ&,
              the local regi0m.L airsctor for the Yational Departmnt
of Health,  (S was previously iu a similar position in Matto Gross0 and is said
to have SBD bluffed.  S know3 that R tooir receipts from t&e Pamir Company for
some eight cantos' worth of passages anti plans on using this Knowledge to secure
a trip to Rio and back for himself from R).

            - &ABandIputupatDr. Wileon'a house which is much
more comfortable than is the hotel.

              Sentairganil letter to WAS asking for authorimtion to
pay UAB'S expenses frcm DA to Wami. and suggestini; that I go to l&w Yom for a
conference on the f'uture of the Services in South America.

May 7th.           Spend a fair& quiet Sunday in Fortaleza.   vi% learn that
                             c regard% thasituiltion as
                        m  ?A short
                            time ago*
      of r.-+rts -6,fchat the g-bias is bei% blocked in that-
and he speaks
/       hi&ly of the worit of the three Ilien on the frontiers of the gmbiae
irmasion.
--

May *a* LJ--++/pb wfe for the gambiae district.   Lunch at Guarani which
           1,        is in a zone still free of ysarbiae. After lunch we stop
              cst Cristaes where a large shed for the disinfectiorr of

trucks is beirg built.  This shed ha3 a cement floor, roof and sidewalls of
rtinc covered sheet iron.  The end walls are of cloth on an adjustable frms
which permits the volume of the shed to be disinfected to be varied with the a&m
of the truck and its load.  (At tne present tim there is very little traffic on
the highways but in a few weeks when the crops begin to aove the traffic will be
intense and tight well 'be an important factor in the spread of pambiae 011 towards
Fortalena.  A twenty-four hour staff is `being put in trt Cristaes 4 every car
tu?d every truck coming out o2 c the infected district will be disinfected with a


FLS                 - ;109 -                   1959

WY 8th.          pyrethrW spray.  The application of the spray wiJ.1 be
-continued-        very eatiy since a motor and compressor have b6en
                 installed.  Anothes shed io beiw planed for the upper
end of the infected district in the J~g,uaxUe Valley :~ti wi3.J. probabb be placed
just above Our0 Branco below that point trt which the roa& 'ram Lavras ad
Alagoinhas come together.

            On to Russas where we found Dr. Staff in ckrge of the
work.  We Bee for the first time one of the treatment clinics which f mistook at
first for a school, such is the order and decorum of the large goup seated on
benches awaiting treatment.

              Drive to Limoeiro where we find Dr. CBPrbatin and Dr.
        Drs. Antunes anti Gastao arrive kter to be on hand for a visit to
the ServiceWhere with MAE3 in the morning.

WY 9th.          Spend two or three hours in the mornin& looking over the
            drainage work which seems to have been very successful
           a8 far as it has gone clut which must ba extended z&-,&,-,-
considerably to make it fully effective.  AdditioCL control has tieen gotte8 here
              f Paris Green which is to be seen clearly on the
                       a,; since disappeared.

            Before leavi,ng Limoekro we call on the Prsfeito aho says
that thsrcs has been a        of malaria here and a number of' deaths.   When
he is confronted with the local statkstics he  say.5 that the statistics ara not

valid since a number of

eaaargency situation,  These cemeteries he 3aJ-s w~jrtj opened or&- irfter he hqi
gotten permission frOig the interventor of the State I  In any case the prefeito
admits that the situation is #UC!I better than last year.

            Drive on to J&pariba w:,tira we found Dr. lovis, who is
no heavyweight, in charge.  O@.y now htiitructions to use Fagis Green1
On to &dro where f put up at tj, home of Dr. Luis Lesea (three children -
Ivan 4 years plus, E.l.son 2% ye&3 ana 3drl.y 1 year),  Yith ti:Z and DBW $ofu to
the hotel.

            Late afternoon lookin*j over the Lc$IH. <\o TGrre where some
breedi% of gacabiae hes been found.


Fbs

1939

iday lOth. .L ;' bJJ

Trip to Cajascliras anu bavrlrs. Gqa&a found readily

with the u&rella teckh4lue
the an        at two ku

i3iiaFsra 10%  nww trt the ac&e of
            Lassa states that

breeding&-is found inewma tei ego G& that on&y- one focus with a
few 1tWJ86B right at t ne edge of the road ms .fouzid.   Wilson 2mti I drive on froa

Our0 Bronco in tf amgerous frame of arind. Fortunccteiy .;:e are in ,&iffereat cam
30 that poor Dr. Less& suffers            -
                 from *Uhe Are af or&~ 0138 of us at a the.

kn atteslpt to i'inu adults with t&a gc in Lavras failad.

            hiAtl mu I attempt to fina larvae aad adults tt an asude
at k&meters 30 fro= I&, 0ni.y 4 K.i&metere f'rcm where we found tnera this aorning,
without aucces8.  (Is it possible that t he focus in Ouro &ilecpQwas orn iriolabed
one and that ttio arm between Ic6 ad Uuro Srctnco is infestad mly up to
kilmeter 26 at the present time?) Pariu_i;reen ie not yet bin,; ped mm snd the
;~roblem of coatroZ of apretid is being attacved o&i~, very sup?.zficia.Lly.
/        -                       -

daay llth.        MM deruonstrates uoth tne wet and dry mthoda of uvincj
            Paris m that in aost of our work here
              the dry raethod will ae better and sore eco~omicai. Lesaa
for the first time uegins :o &at some idea of what Paris Green CPD do.  tie hed
tried PELTis Green on b: I'mus bari been ditiappoiuted DBC~W,U tisa ctiex l~v&e were
not itilled.

           We drive toLim;r and r"iad hmgheles ~iunbiae r;ith
the greatest of eam in the houses. A short un;succeBsfti search for &msi&e
a.lon(J tile ilucgin of the u;;ude Bitilout Succe3j.  Adults are, hosever, fou&d tit a
house ciloug the rorrri which goes to Igaatii soma icilwatara above the a.;tie mat
cmout three ;rilcmmter~ away from t1:u iqmuded sater above the apIe. ($hanaon
fiiihd to fiad Ano&des ,mmiae in the iapouuded wcrters iatit :,ear).  In the
ai'temoon D&W remains with bb to work out crd&xiatrtltive tietails for coveri% the

           D&t' calls Lb' 3 cittention to
aad other pints               we" that bdvmqi&
       be b.%te:a&t ~8 thougkl thy were in the infested distr
which has not been carried out.  iirra*ctments are nel send in apechl
cixpture mm and checrc mrefull;y the distri'3ution 0P pmtirre in these regions ad
all potential foci ir, the inrested artm tied iu &I. contiguous areas ara to be
trsrzted with ?aria Green.

            MA.3 and I return to bias Carngos, ha to search for
Anzopheles mmbitce in lake above the dam -ah&la I 60 on tc look for amilts ad
breading along the rosa to IgUELtS.  Hothing w&e foum by either section of the
expedition.

May 12th.

Leave Xc6 with IA3Pt am MAE3 at 7 A& stopping at Jakgaaribe
once am-8 to 88e Dr. lyovis for 30 ainuteu.

              Fiud Dr. Scarf at ibsas where se have lunch. Death8
still continue fro& mlariit here but in smcdrle than last year.    -__L

. .._ --.-    .-


-u.l-

1939

            In the afternoon w Aracaty in the car with
            Dr. am &I-S. Gilberto Freitxw cave just been recently
              mrried and tire travel.lin;: in the compqy of or female
dachshund.  (Trouble &ead mst probabk~),

                  Fhs Drs. fF, Polo Xntunev and Castro Oliveira anxiously;
awaiting arrival of .ikM.  Tw isuoratoi-j is tmgi.mia& to put ou the appearance
of a lamratorgr.

              In the evrtiqg another lona discussion of the Anonbales
yanbiae problem;  ilAB oelieves froea what ilc ms men that we are umierestiartting-
the enemy.  I assure hix~ -is not the case and that i`tom of US are
satisfied with the present situation litit that it taxes tiine to get an
orga~tizd2tion wori&qg esp3cizllJ.y so since there ms been no reserve of trained men
to draw from.  lilAi3 suggests tldt *4e 3llould bme 5 or 4 young-IrLrrhere
to iceep checking everything, that i3 done in the frOnti@? &m&s cind B
               &W states that them is a much better t&a the one-to-a

thousand c&n-& ri        hbve Hestimsts
that more good IU~A u;re n,eh more normy.   I assure iUB that ive have
5-d no refisals Ear money and tmt me began with this project mowi~ that
a
millions of dollars would b+ needed to do the viord anil that even then the attempt
might fail.  4iAB says thitt tne extension of A.&. to other prts of ti36 continent
would~surely be a more tierious SetbacK for the human race than the so-much
discussed European war +.f tbz imediate future.  Once syreaa it wouici undoubtedly
be EL curse to the contimnt for centuries,  AlAB cal.ls the problem a "plametarv"
one rather than mrely a continental onto as we ht~ve oasn duing 1  I Gisure MA.B that
I realize the trut o
       >ht even before Be cue to the field
this time I had written for autftorisation to go to lew Yor& to discuss the needs
of this Service with Dr. Sawyer.

lvlay 13th.

W g3t3 all set dnd the first dkssection of A.&:. was
iude at 9.30 AU.  (T&&e in custody W's pssport mu
$800 of letters of credit for safe IceegsiR in Fortaleaa).
    I.

              Drs. MF, OC rind PA and I jgend uost of the daJr leairniwf
techniyue from Dr. Burrjer and gdtin~ ready f-or to-morrowgs trip to C&F&r&.  ~~
                                                                           Q

              bte in the af'ternooa &ti 100~s f?or kk suitable place for
field Observations m the e&g to adult periou for A.g. under natural coauitions.

               Those present for dinner Lit Chico teite's xere: Dr.
Barber, Chico Leite, Manduco, Paula iintut~eu, W, Oliveira Castro, Gilmrto Freitas
am Bilr~. Freitas.

May              Sumay .  Up dt 4.1; in order to catch the tide out.
             Arrive at Cai.l;tir& at about '7 A& after two huuraf drive,
             party con;3isti~ of UE$.$&&, U, CMco, ~atiuco, OC and  .,
PA. Find Dr. i;ast&o Cezar in Cai;ar& as expected ud the dagts wary begins at
OiAC%.  First~'demonstrotion of Paris Green mixture uyinic; Acerozene with d little   i


FLS               - lx2 -                   3.9 SC3

M&f 14th.
-eontinued-

egg white to prevent aggloaturation of Paris Green
particles.  hCOndj deiWAStr&tiOA of preparation of

                  Paris Green dust mixtures.  Third; CielNAStIXtiOA iA
the ?'ield of the we of Paris Greerl in kerosene and wita sand with a&&al foci

of A.&  Fourth; Search -iTOr iAtereStiAg POiAtS for study of the dist3%.&iOA
of A.g.  Fifth; capture of adult; in houses for tomorrow's dissection.  sixthj
demonstration of LURIJ~*~U~X method 0: findixg whether ii.&. are or DJ% not preseat
in .i house.  Seventh; COlL3CtiOIl 02 bloods fur parasite iadex.  Eii;hth; spleen
izdex on those giviq blood samples.  Plinth; axamiacitiJn of pl&ce~ where PUQJ
Green was used earlier in the da;.   Tenth; sttaG.@s 3-f distriwtion of A,$. in
two aoandoned houses 2irG in nCakIYbj7 i&i&ted bosses.  Eleventh; return to
Araca,ty late 111 sIl3 &:'hmloon a-t low ti-ie once inort3.  All agrwd that they had
never men anything ju;;t like t;ht: panoramti b&ore UE, as we cove over the wet
sund towartis the settin& sus with tilt5 shallow beac& 3~1 our right MXI t& cliffs
weathered by both the wind and the *aves on our left.

              The local collector of federal taxes reports thut he has
riot been ill with fever clnd +&at three otLers had tl:e aae record up to yesterday
nut one of these three took sic& to@,.   It ia believed thizt all of the other
p4m30m living in CaiGar& have had ruabrin this ~etlr.  (Cai$ar$ htts 140 houses).
T&k deaths during                  dur-in& 15. daya of 6.y  19
37 f  and this in tile                  f treatraent against malnria
carried out by our Servica.  ~dsta~lx~~ afternoon 5580 aos~uitoes were ttixen from

              I had an opportunit,i, to demonstrate tile value 0Y the
umbrella method to several of fYhe 'men.  A house AOt previousl3; worKed was '.%lOS%A
and four we
  Viaed ca men turned loose in it for five minutes du.riAg which
                  With the umbrella     od we ,@t 31 Plosyuitoakl iA four
                          owe one squam neter of floor gave 3ti deaa A.g., Another
gave 17 IAnd two square meters iu the lightest room of the house dave 14 more.
There mudt have hen over 500 A.&. in the house when %e began work.

in the morniq g:ave only

payment to YAB 0E eXce8s
living expenses While in

it& 15th.

The afternoon check on the are&s treated wita Paris Green
1 small. larvae a~c( this died later.

Last evening rsceived telegram from VAS uthori%iLLg
air passa&e over boat passage Tram B.A. to&her with
Brazil !           h

Much fun, sport a~d irinuaement kith i&F purchcLsiA$ 4 old
umurellaa with rotten covers and arran&nd to ham
       .                  ,

               covered with white cloth.(Mre eveqthi~ t&&e& a &seat
amount of time tt;ld patience).


- 113 -                    1939

l&y lSt#:1.
-COdAW?d-

DBW says he has decided to taice tha frontier at Icb aww
from Dr. Lessa and may even bring him kc& into thenon-
infected district still Qrtiier 1

MEW 16th.          Invitation received for W to give lecture on mdaria
                b&ore the commercial Ausoc!.stlon in Fortaleza.  This
              invitation comes as a restit \3f EC's :faiLure to give
his talis last week because uf affsirb 9n Bel&.

              Receiva from JAK paper -5 relktin;; to the spziirl credit
                  of ViqEo for the airmappiw anu tFiso a letter
                                        e arrangements which imve Leen mde with the
Ministry.   Au a result of CGIta letter wire Jti as Pollows:

              Disc&s Ait& Dk# his su';iine of la9orator.y activities
for the immediate fut..re which was arepred kg- ilirn after consultation witrl M.F,
(3C and PA.  Advise DbW to get UOo 34.gp3tions ati criticism of this plan.

             As& Dr, Hargettt to join :hu s.ta?Zf OS thti Yaluiti Sm?vice
since this service ia now in the kh.:oea of organbation anti nruch ~ore experience
can be had here than ay spendiw more time in the Yellow Fever Service.  l&i agrees
and sws he is ready for anything.  l&i insists that there is no need of taking
the matter up with hiti chief, Dr. Thonpson, since f&S was dsfmteij: assigned to
work under RF orders kitire.  In WtS pzsence I a&ise LBW tilkt 2&i is in the
gambiae army now cinct .tttlcs;J suggestion fro&t #iIB just t3s regu;ar skiff JWmxTY would,V

umbrella.         Get the first model of the tiarber Ferrsira Soper s+ure
      Further s~g:eati3n;s far mo&fication wer2 made anil a design msde for a
&pare ureurelka with w. detaciisible htsndk which j-3 duo dattichuble for aor& under
3~5 roof or ut ri&t u@ss uder tables, beds etc.  ot; also m'ggosts it have a
spila;e at t&3 tip so i +, can be stuck in tie grolind inside tha houa;es to permit of
one--ntlin operation.

            In the rlfternoorl to the !'ieia or raber to +Aa swamps to
see a demonstration of tile Paris Green a&ication with I&~neco, DBWm Damasceno
Costa, Pfinio a.1~2 ct number of inspectors tintier trttining.


FLS

- xl.4 -

awa&" where ~&aria is norm raging.  Al.1 hilve a good
afternoon.

Yay 17tA           ?&orninc: at Aracat)r.  Get ready to taiw over pa% of the
              atiinistrative raspoaviuility here Liuriw the ntixt week
              or tdn u&j;3 while DB% goes to Mat4..  We agree an aentiny;
DC to Levras, ;rl. Hargett to worr( with Silvn trnii PACti to tha coastal zone &ttitien
here riu;d the capital of the State.

station at Crj5taas.   iiaturn to Fortaie&a in t!x LZ%XXGO~ inqecting &+I 1.1 PI&
           The a&nod is still :'ar from perfect & the shed must-

undergo severai?3iZQes before it will be ready to hanale the big trucics wed to
bring in the season~s crop.  At present the road traffic ia li&ht consisting
most& of closed cam whim can be prop~rl;l hvudled aLPost without usin& the shed
at all.

             Get duly iqwessed OKACB more sd the mount of v:attir there
is In the region close i,o Fort&Letia ;~hich is not yet infested with &mbiae.
Should IL de t into this r&on tha acGlti.oIiaIl coat of control will Ge enomous.

              Arrive Forttllsza at 19.30 anii go to WilsonBs hoLee for
the ai&t.  iWit a coat'ort to 08 all &&kin a house for one night after tile
five dty-a in the free reg~klic of Chico Leite md lmduco I

Yw 18th,

Fortunately I did not ,o to the office last ni&t on
arrivcll so bad a veri- good sleep ia a hmOcLE tit Dr.
Wilson's home.

             Lai;lrrr that iessa has as&d leave to ~i;o to wla~oas to
see his father and step-nother, 30th of whom as-,   The situation in 1~6 is
yuch that I cannot ti~&~ thi&t DM will. give le&va tit this tise.   xa fhct it
comes as a complete surgriue to me that LeJsa wouki a~& for lairvs under my
eirCUmst&nCes xmdl css;pecinll.y after the visit made ly DM :md wself icast week 1


FLS

MY 18th.
-eontinued-

- lls -                    1939

Receive news that Dr. Burke and famiu arrived in Rio
on the 12th of Mtiy- and are now in Bell.0 Horizonte.

              Prepare wire to Kerr reading as followat  ;IDVISE; PIMTTI
AND EMAN DETAILS SITUATIOI ST@ UIDBX W CIiiCU&STANCZS Pi%MIT SUBMISSIORI IJEN
PROPOSAL DZFOKE m aHRIVAL STOP SIG0 ICb SAB~ SOP.&.

           .           Discuss difficulties of construction of disinfection
post at Crystaus with Inman and suggest, short,euih6 th< lan&h b$ about two meters
and putting doors on both ends for the entr:,  Oi' ecu';, ttliu a roll curtrjiin above the
door which can be raised for the passage of trucks with high loads.

              Al+%Jugh todq is Ascension Day a& a federal holiday
most of the SMUE is at wor&.  Dr. Franca remains until after 10.30 PM,   It rezainds

one of the SFA duri;ng the hectic
uhere I get a wonderful' b&Id uy

                Arrange
we from jrirs. Stafford.

clays of 1930 to 1933).  (Lunch at Jangada Club
             gig).

collection of very tras& nooks for Dr. harkrtj

WY 19th.

Purchase Chevrolet station wagon on a 12SW i$heel base
for 25 cantos as an emergency measure.   Yost of the
day spent purchasin, y u~~brellas and other special items
for the Sarvice.

May 20th.

Drive from Furtaleaa to Xc6 stopping for lunch at kssas
with Drs. Da~asceno Costa , ,pv;lndro Chagas, Staff and
GaatZo Ceoar.

                  EC advises that ir case of leishmanioaia has been found
at Agua Fria with the priurtiry infection in wild guinea pig.   He also shows the
results of rti.23 house-flitti
      u. he reports that simple flitting
in all the houses of a district is sufficient to change the dwbiae nysorrhyncw
larval ratio: in foci from 80/20 to ZO/aO.

Arrive at Ic.: at 8 W.

Max Zlst.         Sunday at I&.

xc6 and our0 lm%nco.    Esmerino reports at sogle length on the m -de between
             He reports finding adults at Kilometer 426 in several houses
about the aqude Martiinha.  At Kilometer 429 gambiae larvae were found in the
Riacho Urubu.   Between Kilometer 429 and 430 a barreiro was found with larvae and
was treated with Parid kxen.  At Kilometer 430 one female &ambiae was found in
house captures but no foci were found close to the a&de Maria 3onita.   Between
Kilometer 430 and Ouro Branco, at Kilometer 43d, no larvae nor adults were found.
At Ouro Brsnco, where a sirgle foc-tis was found two weeks ago, '75 houses were
investigated iI;-ith tfne umbrella technique with negative results. An additional
6 kilometers `beyond Ouro Dranco hdve oeen carefully investigated with searches for
both luvae and adults with negative results.                      .


May 21st.
-continued-

      1939

now withih 2 kilometers of

.- .--
lorx is now being done Kithe anti Paris Green.

            Armando Albuquerque awing last week chief of the 6th
  .`
dibt, kilometer 400 to 432, all of which is infected.   When I ask about recent
extmion Of A.g. here he rejdies that he does not know since he is new to the
district.  When asked whether he has worked before, he says in the 8th distriot,
which is that of Iduat\i.  bYhen askeci auout this advance he says that they worked
during three wee&~ without materbit either petroleum or Paris Green !  (Ttib I
presume 1s uue to the fact t&at Lessa did not want to uee Paris Green and diu not
have oil).  Gives, with help of Lessa, details; of his wor& of tne week.
finding k.d.                                      Reports
      ht irilometsr 423 &WA irt a point one league from tne road at the level
of Yaria&ixtila,

             Snr. SebastiBo de Paula Madeira, Gu:it-da Chefs of the 9th
di3trict which includes the ione;: next to Iduat6.
a.bout 2 kilotiers fr
goes fE;om Lima ctuapos    td ;ilotlg         Eia reportti finding getmabiae
                       the road but 1 kilometer from the roa~i p9hic:i
                     This last focus was less than 1 kilometer from
the Jaguaribe River.  This poinf, i.3 some 42 kilometers, frou Forquilhas &ere we
found dsrpbiae last week just above the asucie Lima Caqos.   The duestion then is
whether this point, wae infected by the river or alon& the! road Wy some passirq~
car.           (ptF Hfim)
                  ?o??????? o   Warred #ith Dr. Lessa. Does not know wilat he
did duriq ttie week app~entl;) because of a lack of rscords which he saq-s were
given to Dr. Lessa each &q a:id appiirentl,, because he aorlred with Lessa all week
and is afraid to tell. all that happerled during the week.

             Esmerinfi r:egorts that ne has six men at or6 Brwcog that,
nothing has been found in 3rd Branco aor six zilometers.beyond Orb Branco. It
nouli appear that O.B. itself iu now clean ati tnat there is a cleeuz zone of 6
or 8 kilometers on this side ;mhd at least ti kilometers on the other side I Gave
Esmerino the followinit;: instructions:  1) Rdxrn to O.Branco todq and be&n work
this afternoon on the roads which tiverce from Casumbii towards 3rb ijranco,
Alagoihhas and\ Lavras.  If Bafnbiae are found by capture with uut9rellas they should
continue 6 kilometera beyond the last focus.  2) If no yambiae are found ikvserino
should return to fed with two man ieaving the guarda chefe and thee men with
instructions to make a conplete capture in Pato8.3) If garabiae zire found they
shoulci then work up the river to Lavras sear&in& for both larvae and adults and
noting findings. 11) If uo gambiae are fomd :it Patos they should descends the river
Scskado towards Xc6 searching f'or 'both adult3 and i`oci.  Until $iambiae is located
S) the bgarda chefe should then return to 1~6 for instructions.

Copy of written instructions to M~erinor

sd- 1.  Completar a estrada Our0 Bronco d divisa Q;;L eatrada.


-117 -

slay 21at.
-continued-

2.  Estrada k Ala~oinhau ~913 quilometros.

b .  Utra& k L;tvras seij quiloaetros.

        Si encontrtrr gcunbiae hoje ou z.uuanhg na
estrada acima de Ouro Briinco, &vem continuer a ceiptura
at6 seis quilometros sllern sic) achado.

        Esmerino corn doiv cagturadores deva
voltar a Icb dieixaado o ,-da ehefe tz tre% ~NXY&M
para f&Per (z captura completa em Pates.   Si 16X0
encontrtu: emP&As dc~azi descer 0 Rio Sal&o em
clire@o &o Ic6 procW&ndo .<6co3 e cu~tur&ndo 00~1
guarda-chuvas at6 encontrar ou f&o our &ulto de
gankiae.

              The microscopic exermination confirms gamuiae close to
Iauatb.  Take 1)masceno Costa, Levlsa and the Gum&. Ckwfe of tne 9th district and
            11 a'clock.
     Leave t'kbk&~&kfn&&osses the RH just
                                   1                      "
outside of I,that is, about 3 i&lomoters from tht3 town.   &Ye we tumed to
the left and walked ttbout 1 Halometer before coming to a mud  hole where some
eleven or twelve larvae or" $amui.ae were fount yesterdw.  L!
                                            T' 's focus was the
only one found here and the people give no hidtory of recent malaria.  bpid
captures in two of the nearby houses failed ,to dive gzimLiae even tho*zgh &iziy were
made with Flit and with an umbrella.  On the return trip to the car the kda Chafe
of the 9th district, ~110 w&s lvith us, admitted that he did not &now whether tnere
was water in a rice :'ield we were ?assin;: or not.   We went into the field md
fDund glenty of water and some foci.of Anopheles cilthaugh there were fish in **he
larder pools.  Most of the larvae found ware blyesornynvus but one wlas thou@:, to
be suspicious v DC.   There seemed to 'be some douot in the mind of tile Cuarda
Chefe as to whether tne focus _Cmnd oelonded to the Sth or 9th district. Leosa
has no very clear idea of the &eography of tile river and town.  First, he said
that this focus (which ia at a sitio known as Cajaaeiras) was oo the 3-e side of
the river as &r&r& where the SFA foaur& and delivered to the Cambiae Service three
adults two dqys ago.  Later, in Iguat6 I found that the ~&pa shows Arar~ cvcross
the river from I&uat\i but that &ambi&e were found in lrone 71 of' the same side of
the river as Iguatk  IVe finally reached Iguat6 at about 3.30 after crossing the


FL5                - ll.8 -                   1989

May ast.
-continued-

river irr a boat and walking on Vito the town through the
sand.  Ho lunch tiv&ilrtble excagt eggs and rice and the
canned food we brought with us. After the late lunch

we visited the post and learned (9 mmber of facts.  Proa the map little could
be definitely determined but it is clear tnut the focus founci yesterdw is up-
river from I&utii ilue to the fact that the river nuues a sharp bend here.

Cm ths return trip we met the camionette and U's

secretary who reports that irk impsctor at-Lavras says ho found a focus of
,$moiaa there three weeb ago am tuned it in to the chief i:~pector who failed
to report it to tine office.  (This may or up nat be true).

                Discum the !,ocal eituatlon ivith the Prefeito Dr.
Oouvsia 3f the hOPpita and lFi%turn to ICC nt 7 PM.


FLS

- ll.9 -

1989

             &mined the;, focus froBa the rice field of yesterday failing
               to find-.  Likewise, exeuinaa seven larvae frm the
             sus;Ject focus at Cedro, all of which are PJvssorhpchus,
(This is indeed goo$ news).                                              -~ ._

              Esmrino reports coqlete absence of       in all houses
6 kilo~netera each way from Casumba junction.  On the basis of this information decide
to &ace disinfection 2mt=t this sub of the junction.  Iire Inman Vlace for
pst has been chosen".

              Send Esnrerino and two aen to iuvestidjcte the place close to
Lavras where it was reported      had been found thme wee& a&o but not turned in
     uarda Chefs,            in the day and resorts finding only larvae of
         The rust of the afternoon %t-;m+rim and his two ~ptn work at the Lqoa
das Correias about 21 kflomterri from Xc6 3U the rciati to Our0 Bramo finding only
larvae of $&ss rm althotyh this lake is within the 9 kilometer range. The lake
is in mmy pr& deeper than Iremb;iae ;;rrefers am has much vegetation both rtorisontal
and vertical., ano. has many tiny&abinhas.  I examineu some Q&t larvae collected by
Lessa, DC and q-self' in this lase and confinned the aiapoais of wch\ag. The
                                                                           
lake is 'being givi?n a good dose of AJaris Green but if thiv type of lake and the aSudes
can be shown definitely not to be breading @s a great amount of labor end
ma-&rid can be sevad.

              Rith Lessa end DC and Wilson, the brother of Deusdedite.
spent pert of the morning and the afternoon working along the road to Ouro Bronco.
The hotJksUariazinha2 where       ere found with Dr. Barber, was today negative
as was also another house near      ird, however, which had a shady lean-to
covered with straw ,gave rae3biaa, both in thmean-to and in the damened
beuroom,  Later fou* houses werr? saarcheci at Yalbsda Bonita (also aown in ply records
as Yaria 3oIlita                  is is 1 kilometer 30 fron where Dr. Barber &ud I
failed to fim                 all focus and three adults ih one house were
foilnv a fuw uays ago.

            Drive to Casur& and decide on &acmg the Camella for
uioinfection at a $olnt 3 LIkmete~side of the juncticn of ttie roam to Lavras
and Wagoinhas,  The owner of the house we gicked as heauquarturs was not too
enthu;;iastic at firs% but finally agreed to rent two rooms in the front of the house
and germit a wopruur to come in frown outside to gre+re thd ftiod for our mm @ho xill
be worltihg l&e krrior,

              Tried out the spray-gun with flit i.n the houses worked today
and believe it will be the best equipent to use where transportation of the tank is
easy.

              See one of the impectors working with Paris Green, or
rather see him bossing two laborers who were working with Paris Green.  This was at
the Lagos Gas Correiaa refsrred to above as giving foci of pkrssorhm~ The men were
a&ying, as was to have been exgected at this stage, outirely too mcb'and were
throwing it too close to the ground.  At anothsr pint we found the mm $vor&iry: with


                hwini; the day and in the evening dfter &nner Lessa
constantly refers to happening in the SFA with due ?phn~is on %U &' hio own dood
gaaiitiea rind good work of the pst.  Is it posalSla that Lessa io 3n the ciefensive?

                P
               Programe left for DC and ttr. Losss to carq out: naw
division to be formed with DC in charge first tst IguaM bu*, later Fat Lavras.   The

aost impurtaat thilq,now is protection 0" I&uitti .inci the rfver HBOYB anti below
together %ith t&s raikroclds r6d..tttiflg out oL' I&aatd, Lirdtv to mm z.xm dre to be:

4

river &Ad l?d.lTOilCi t0 580 I1theWj
mikroad and rive ~Crlqu& to ,%o Jo&;
rosd 1~6 to 0~0 iAmmo begimi~ at (u1ct inc1udin.i the
  &Ude at %~~S.&Zinhii kilonater 2Bj
s&xLain prevent Limits of service at Lavras.
d circle of 10 kilometers r&i.uc aimut Ii;uatlC1 as a center is
  to 'be thoroughly investigated am control measure5 orgmized
  to ZOlu3S of kilomzttar!3 lti -- last ?oint in which bwbiae is
   found.

(This is a general order and means that uiork mst be carriea out for 16 kilo~ters
of clean area in every &irect.ion beyond the last lurosn focus.  The 2Arw.i raust be
thoroughly covered w s~a.rc:i~ i'or foci and w house captures with Flit an;i 'abrella
techniq-m):

mgi0i, (1%   fmtrciztioxm are given to det tim_mps of the SFA of this
       stems regrsttaole that Loasa, *faho wormd here with the MA a& knows
these msps perfectQ well, has not airaacr; &otten the&).   I agn3e to letrve &merino


               and the six capture men for survey work.  Transgorta tion
               at present will conrsist of the now sttktion wagon
              puchased four days ago in Fort&ma for this job.   Also
agree ,to leave the railroad trolley if it can !x had from the SFA.

               I explain that, althou& the direct responsibility for
the adminititration of the new division wiU be with A%, I consider&essa*s aost
irPportant work in the neer future is to furnish the best postlible perumnui
Qc's work.  DC requests, aM I agree, that the paymmt of his personnel be aade by
Lessa, thus avoiding tile mcessity of organii;ing a mw offiae forae tr&ined in this
*woriC.   Point Out t0 L86@& that he is to consider those prts 0-C his district which
lie in contact with DC's district ira Barrier aoaes and is to worli thonr most
intensively anci with his beat persomel.

              Lass? is to be in charge of aU necessary treatraent work
in the region rend DC is to do nothing but ati-nosquito work.

              Leave Icb about 2 Pius mi because of loug de&- in
crousbg Jagwrioe river decide to     the night irt Limoeiro.   At Liaoeiro find
one of the capture men              frora the Yellow Fever Stirvice.   He
reports fiaciing 60 hou                      iro with ganbiae,   This does not
look hopeful.

              Find Dr. Gebert~ztrguing thht ~iatv people must oe taking
mxU.cine useslesely since a rather high pGrcentage of his cases am 40 years old and
over,  (G ha read some glttce that mal.aritx in eademiu regions is Xmited to children
under 12 years of age 1) and this is the ;pan .who is chargea with thti troatmikt wax
in this area.  )Vknen I aiecussed the fact that treirt&ent is not bsing given at Peix-
Gordo but Gnat the local store there is seU.i&xg ertebrin tit 700 reis a b&i&, G
mtilizt the guarda there hrrd been ,Counti~,OOO taUets short even accord- to hirs
own records.  It is clear that a careful system of checding treat&mat similar to
th:Lt used marqy years ago in the hook WOFH; caiusaig~ mdt oe inm&gratea,

24th.
raaV              Drive front j&weir0 to &ncbty ~2x2 sgem a coupA of
               hours there resriioing !;or lunch at the Hepkmlbc. Learn
               without surprise t&at Dr. tijtzr>er is not happ21_ovzr the
s-peed with which imediate Wailts can 'be sktisfiea ih this out.A.yiz&& point.

                Start prophylactic atebrfn at 18Wrta.y toiiay instesrd of
waiting until tomorrow its scheduled.  AI-I hour later,en mute to Fortaleza, L
realize af I wa8 havbg mtk her bttacr; of mlaria.  I stop en route at Htlssa~ aM hav
                                                -_... .--
Dr. SC%  mise ~1. smear which uhowecl the ,presence of vivax.  Contfnuerr trip to
Fortaleza, arriving 6.30 W right side up &th c=ae.

,
lJsry 23th.

D&N arrives fro& Rio Crtlnae do riorto ma or&@ a rather
hopeful. report of tne situation there.


FLS

?&w 26th.

            received` 38,000          after riiscuvaion of What wrouiti
be a reatspouable basis of closing out our contributions of' atebrin tj the studies at
Tirabadbas, I agree to authorize Aore w&&g a tutal of !SJ,OOO.

After discussion of 0erSOKlmd 8ftUatiol3 With wfl8On. MX'ee

to request the YFS to trclnsfer Drs. Acquer cind jefferson, wci tile two office e&pl&ees
Caa tanhsfra and Beeicel.
          _..-__ ---                   &,f: *j., 4s`.    J'

Hecife to Hi0 by 2aaair pl:ilne.


lUtsy 50th.

Missa for Dr. and jilrs. Servulo Lima's siJver wedding Li
I promote Princeza to Duqueza copyi% the precedent set
.by Edward, Prince of Wales who beciupe the Du&e of WmYor.

                Learn uetails or the accimmt to trld Panair &me at
                                                                           --
Santaren in whictl PI'. S;, Antunes was a gassei1&er,   Jus.t at the tam off We hull
strucir a log hmi bG& sdven minutes LA*=er.  By &mbit gooci lucir a small canoe '~88
close hy and was able to have all the ~assangers.  (t;SA mver learned to swim).

                Letter from Dr. Torres rs2or-M failure of' present
gcnr~~apybt in Bolfvia to pw tiiehr .,uotu for
new tolit.FiG-W~GGent cipil         ttje Yellow Fever Stirvice.   (There is a
                  some one from t&is office ahoulu have &one over there
before now to get things lined up proper&-.  However, there flas been no pOssible
opportunity for w one to get away frola Braail).

                Dr. Geortres Clarewut id here for study on uehdf of the
                                               _-_--
Medical Service in the A&&in Cowo.   I first mt Dr. Clare'mut at Johanneskq
iA 1935.

Y&Y 313t.            Dr. PiAOtti ;IriAgs iA Dr. CancSj4au who is tiixen on for
                wora in the pamiae region.  Dr. Cand+u is coaing to
                      the gubiae service wit& tile iciea of showing d&ring the
period of om ;it:ar that tie is the typ of' inciiviiiual who shoula be considered for a
fellowship iu the Utitad States.

Ditscuss witk Dra. Servulo r*nu bldancrr the possibility of