CHMOD(1)                       FSF                       CHMOD(1)
NNAAMMEE
       chmod - change file access permissions
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
       cchhmmoodd [_O_P_T_I_O_N]... _M_O_D_E[_,_M_O_D_E]... _F_I_L_E...
       cchhmmoodd [_O_P_T_I_O_N]... _O_C_T_A_L___M_O_D_E _F_I_L_E...
       cchhmmoodd [_O_P_T_I_O_N]... _-_-_r_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e_=_R_F_I_L_E _F_I_L_E...
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       This  manual  page  documents  the  GNU  version of cchhmmoodd.
       cchhmmoodd changes the permissions of each given file according
       to  _m_o_d_e, which can be either a symbolic representation of
       changes to make, or an octal number representing  the  bit
       pattern for the new permissions.
       The  format  of a symbolic mode is `[ugoa...][[+-=][rwxXs
       tugo...]...][,...]'.  Multiple symbolic operations can  be
       given, separated by commas.
       A  combination of the letters `ugoa' controls which users'
       access to the file will be changed: the user who  owns  it
       (u),  other users in the file's group (g), other users not
       in the file's group (o), or all users  (a).   If  none  of
       these  are  given, the effect is as if `a' were given, but
       bits that are set in the umask are not affected.
       The operator `+' causes the  permissions  selected  to  be
       added to the existing permissions of each file; `-' causes
       them to be removed; and `=' causes them  to  be  the  only
       permissions that the file has.
       The letters `rwxXstugo' select the new permissions for the
       affected users: read (r), write (w),  execute  (or  access
       for directories) (x), execute only if the file is a direc
       tory or already has execute permission for some user  (X),
       set  user  or group ID on execution (s), save program text
       on swap device (t), the permissions that the user who owns
       the  file  currently  has for it (u), the permissions that
       other users in the file's group have for it (g),  and  the
       permissions  that other users not in the file's group have
       for it (o).
       A numeric mode is from one to  four  octal  digits  (0-7),
       derived  by  adding  up  the bits with values 4, 2, and 1.
       Any omitted digits are assumed to be leading  zeros.   The
       first  digit  selects the set user ID (4) and set group ID
       (2) and save text image (1) attributes.  The second  digit
       selects  permissions  for the user who owns the file: read
       (4), write (2), and execute (1); the third selects permis
       sions  for  other users in the file's group, with the same
       values; and the fourth for other users not in  the  file's
       group, with the same values.
       cchhmmoodd never changes the permissions of symbolic links; the
       cchhmmoodd system call cannot change their  permissions.   This
       is  not  a problem since the permissions of symbolic links
       are never used.  However, for each symbolic link listed on
       the  command  line,  cchhmmoodd  changes the permissions of the
       pointed-to file.   In  contrast,  cchhmmoodd  ignores  symbolic
       links encountered during recursive directory traversals.
OOPPTTIIOONNSS
       --cc, ----cchhaannggeess
              like verbose but report only when a change is made
       --ff, ----ssiilleenntt, ----qquuiieett
              suppress most error messages
       --vv, ----vveerrbboossee
              output a diagnostic for every file processed
       ----rreeffeerreennccee=_R_F_I_L_E
              use RFILE's mode instead of MODE values
       --RR, ----rreeccuurrssiivvee
              change files and directories recursively
       ----hheellpp display this help and exit
       ----vveerrssiioonn
              output version information and exit
       Each  MODE  is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the
       symbols +-= and one or more of the letters rwxXstugo.
RREEPPOORRTTIINNGG BBUUGGSS
       Report bugs to <bug-fileutils@gnu.org>.
SSEEEE AALLSSOO
       The full documentation for cchhmmoodd is maintained as  a  Tex
       info  manual.  If the iinnffoo and cchhmmoodd programs are properly
       installed at your site, the command
              iinnffoo cchhmmoodd
       should give you access to the complete manual.
GNU fileutils 4.0         November 1998                         1