RESEARCH INFORMATION BULLETIN
           NO. 1

DNA Mediated Bacterial Transformation
      A Bibliography, 1955-61

Syntex Institute for Molecular Biology
         3221 Porter Drive
       Stanford Industrial Park
       Palo Alto, California


DNA Mediated Bacterial Transformation

   A bibliography compiled by
        Martha W. West
Syntex Institute for Molecular Biology
        1 November 1961

   An attempt has been made at comprehensive coverage of the
literature on bacterial transformation during the period
January, 1955-June, 1961.  The main criterion for inclusion
was that the material dealt with the transforming activity of
DNA and/or bacteria in the process of transformation.  Wherever
possible,  abstracts of material not available for examination
(marked *) are cited.

1)   Abe, M.  An intermediate stage of pneumococcus transformation as
     revealed by the effect of 8-azaguanine.  Japan J. Med. Sci. &
    Biol. 12:441-52, 1959.

2)   Abe, M. and Mizuno, D.  A contribution to the knowledge of
     pneumococcus transformation during the period between the
     incorporation of deoxyribonucleic acid and the appearance of
     streptomycin resistance.   Biochim. et Biophys. Acta 32:464-9,
      1959.

    3)   Alexander, H. E. and Leidy, G.  Origin of species in micro-
           organisms:  use of transformation as a tool.  Am. J. Diseases
I           Children 90:860-l, 1955.

     4)   Anagnostopoulos, C. and Crawford, I. P.  Linkage studies by
             transformation in Bacillus subtilis.  Bacterial. Proc. 61:89,
             1961.

5)   Anagnostopoulos, C. and Crawford, I. P.  Transformation studies
     on the linkage of markers in the tryptophan pathway in
      Bacillus subtilis.   Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 47:378-90, 1961.

6)   Anagnostopoulos, C. and Spizizen, J.  Requirements for trans-
      formation in Bacillus subtilis.  J. Bacterial. 81:741-6, 1961.

7)   Austrian, R. and Bernheimer, H. P.  Some biological properties of
     doubly capsulated pneumococci.  J. Clin. Invest. 34:920-l,
      1955.

8)   Austrian, R., Bernheimer, H. P., Smith, E. E. B. and Mills, G. T.
     Genetic biochemistry of double encapsulation in pneumococcus.
     Intern. Congr. Microbial., 7th Congr., Stockholm, 1958. Abstr.
     p. 48.

9)   Austrian, R., Bernheimer, H. P., Smith, E. E. B. and Mills, G. T.
     Acquisition of new capsular type by pneumococcus, a multi-
       factor transformation.  Cold Spring Harbor Symposia Chant.
     Biol. 23:99-100, 1958.


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10) Austrian, R. and Bernheimer, H. P.  Simultaneous production of
    two capsular polysaccharides by pneumococcus. I. Properties
     of a pneumococcus manifesting binary capsulation.  J. Exp.
     Med. 110:571-83, 1959.

11) Austrian, R., Bernheimer, H. P., Smith, E. E. B. and Mills, G. T.
    Simultaneous production of two capsular polysaccharides by
      pneumococcus. II. The genetic and biochemical basis of binary
     capsulation.  J. Exp. Med. 110:585-602, 1959.
12) Balassa, R.  Durch desoxyribonucleinsguren induzierte
     Veranderungen an Rhizobien.  Naturwiss. 42:133, 1955.

13)  Balassa, R.  In viva induzierte Transformationen bei Rhizobien.
     Naturwiss. 43:422-3, 1956.

14) *Balassa, R.  Induced changes by deoxyribonucleic acids in
      Rhizobium.  Acta Microbial. Acad. Sci. Hung. 4:77-84, 1957.
       CA 51:12206b, 1957.
                -
15) *Balassa, R.  Some limitations in the formation of deoxyribo-
    nucleic acid-induced low streptomycin resistance by Rhizobium.
    Acta Microbial. Acad. Sci. Hung. 4:85-95, 1957.
        CA 51:12206d, 1957.
                -
16) Balassa, R.  Transformationserscheinungen bei Rhizobien.   Intern.
    Congr. Microbial., 7th Congr., Stockholm, 1958. Abstr., p. 49.

17) Balassa, R.  Transformation of a strain of Rhizobium lupine.
     Nature 188:246-7, 1960.

18) Balows, A., Weaver, R. H. and Humphries, ,T. C.  Attempts to
    demonstrate type formation with Klebsiella pneumoniae. J
    Bacterial. 69:139-41, 1955.                                      -L

19) Beiser, S. M. and Ellison, S. A.   The effect of ultraviolet
     irradiation on pneumococcus transforming factor.   Intern.
    Congr. Microbial., 7th Congr., Stockholm, 1958. Abstr., p. 51.

20)  Beiser, S. M., Pahl, H. B., Rosenkranz, H. S. and Bendich, A.
    Studies on the fractionation of transforming deoxyribonucleic
     acid of pneumococcus. I. Recovery and dose-response relations.
     Biochem. et. Biophys. Acta 34:497-502, 1959.

21) Bellin, J. S. and Oster, G.  Photodynamic inactivation of
     transforming principle.  Biochim.  et Biophys. Acta 42:533-5,
     42:533-5, 1960.

22)  Bendich, A., Fresco, J. R., Rosenkranz, H. S. and Beiser, S. M.
    Fractionation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by ion exchange.
    J. Am. Chem. Sot. 77:3671-72, 1955.


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23) Bendich, A., Pahl, H. B. and Beiser, S. M.  Chromatographic
     fractionation of deoxyribonucleic acid w~ith special
     emphasis on the transforming factor of pneumococcus.   Cold
     Spring Harbor Symposia Cuant. Biol. 21:31-48, 1956.

24)  Bendich, A., Pahl, H. B. and Brown, G. B.  Chromatographic
      fractionation of E. coli DNA containing 5-Bromouracil-2-C14.
     Discussion,in Symposium on the Chemical Basis of Heredity,
     ed. by W. D. McElroy a&Bentley Glass.   Baltimore:   John
     Hopkins Press, 1957. Pp. 378-96.

25) Bendich, A, Pahl, H. B., Rosenkranz, H. S. and Rosoff, M.
     Studies of deoxyribonucleic acids with the acid of anion
    exchangers. Symposia Sot. Exp. 'BiaL 12:31-48, 1958.

26) Bloch, H., Walter, A. and Yamamura, Y.  Failure of deoxyribo-
     nucleic acid from mycobacteria to induce bacterial trans-
      formation.  Am. Rev. Respirat. Diseases 80:911, 1959.

27) Bracco, R. M., Krauss, M. R., Rot, A. S. and MacLeod, C. M.
     Transformation reactions between pneumococcus and three
     strains of streptococci.  J. Exp. Med. 106:247-59, 1957.

28) Catlin, B. W.  Activities of deoxyribonucleates and of a
     deoxyribonuclease from meningococcus.  Bacterial. Proc. 59:
     28-29, 1959.

29) Catlin, B. W.   Transformation reactions within and between
     species of Neisseria.  Bacterial. Proc. 60:74, 1960.

30) Catlin, B. W.  Transformation of Neisseria meningitidis by
     deoxyribonucleates from cells and from culture slime.
     J. Bacterial. 79:579-90, 1960.

31) Catlin, B.
       culture
     608-10,

w.  Interspecific transformation of Neisseria by
slime containing deoxyribonucleate.   Science 131:
1960.

32) Catlin, B.  w.  Affinities among Neisseria as revealed by studies
      of DNAs  and DNases.  Bacterial. Proc. 61:90, 1961.

33) Cavalieri,

       L. F.  Paucidisperse deoxyribonucleic acid and its
use in the study of genetic determinants.   J. Am. Chem. Sot.
79:5319-20, 1957.

34) Cavalieri, L. F. and Rosenberg, B.  The interpretation of
      bacterial transformation data.   Proc.  Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.
     44:853-7, 1958.

35) Chakrabarti,  S. G. and Litwack, G.  Apparent transfer of
     lysozyme resistance by DNA preparations.   Bacterial. Proc.
     60:75, 1960.


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CIBA Foundation Symposium.  Drug Resistance in Micro-organisms:
  Mechanisms of Development.  Boston: Little, Brown, 1957.

Corey, R. R. and Starr, M. P.  Genetic transformation of colony
type in Xantomenas phaseoli.  J. Bacterial. 74:141-5, 1957.

Corey, R. R. and Starr, M. P. Genetic transformation of
  streptomycin resistance in Xanthomonas  phaseoli. J-
Bacterial. 74:146-50, 1957.

DeFillipes, F. M. and Guild, W. R.   Irradiation of solutions of
transforming DNA.  Radiation Research 11:38-53, 1959.

Demerec, M., et. al.  Bacterial genetics.  Carnegie Inst. Wash.
  Yearbook 56:368-76, 1956-57.

Demerec, M., et. al.  Bacterial genetics.  Carnegie Inst. Wash.
Yearbook 57:390-406, 1957-58.

Doty, P., Marmur, J. and Sueoka, N.  The heterogeneity in
  properties and functioning of deoxyribonucleic acids.   Brook-
  haven Symposia in Biol. 12:1-16, 1959.

Doty, P., Marmur, J. Eigner, J. and Schildkraut, C.   Strand
  separation and specific recombination in deoxyribonucleic
  acids: physical chemical studies. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 46:
461-76, 1960.

Dove, W. F. and Yamane, T.  The complete retention of transforming
  activity after reversal of the interaction of DNA with
  mercuric ion.  Biochem. Biophys. Res. Communs. 3:608-12, 1960.

Drew, R. M.  y-irradiation of pneumoaoccus deoxyribonucleic acid.
Radiation Research 3:116-20, 1955.

Drew, R. M.  Induction of resistance to A-methopterin in
Diplococcus pneumoniae by deoxyribonucleic acid.  Nature 179:
  1251-2, 1957.

Ellison, 0. A. and Beiser, S. A.  The ultraviolet inactivation of
  pneumococcus transforming factor. Radiation Research 12:381-8,
  1960.

Ephrati-Elizur, E. and Zamenhof, S.  Incorporation of 5-
  bromouracil into transforming principle of Bacillus subtilis
  and its biological effects.  Nature 184:472-3, 1959.

Ephrati-Elieur, E., Srinivasan, P. R. and Zamenhof, S.  Genetic
analysis by means of transformation of histidine linkage
  groups in Bacillus subtilis. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 47:
  56-63, 1961.


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Ephrussi-Taylor.   Genetic function and molecular structure of
  DNA.   Proc. Intern. Congr. Biochem., 3rd Congr., Brussels,
1955.  N-Y.2 Academic, 1956. Pp. 333-9.

Ephrussi-Taylor, H. and Lafar et, R.  Inactivation, par les
  rayons X, d'un facteur transformant du pneumocoque.
  Biochim. et Biophgs. Acta 16:183-97, 1955.

Ephrussi-Taylor, Harriett.  X-ray inactivation studies on
  solutions of transforming DNA of pneumococcus, in S.ymosium
  on the Chemical Basis of Heredity, ed. by W. D. McElroy and
  Bentley Glass.  Baltimore:  John Hopkins Press, 1957.
  Pp 299-320.

Ephrussi-Taylor, H.  State of transforming deoxyribonucleic acid
  (DNA) during the first phase of bacterial transformation.
  Compt. rend. SOC. biol. 154:1951-5, 1960.

Fox, M. S. and Hotchkiss, R. D.  Phenotypic expression of a
  selective genetic character introduced by transformation.
  Congr. intern. biochim,, Re'sume's Communs., 3rd Congr. Brussels,
  1955.  P. 74.

Fox, M. S.  Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) incorporation by
  transformed bacteria.   Biochem.  et Biophys. Acta 26:83-5, 1957.

Fox, M. S. and Hotchkiss, R. D.   Initiation of bacterial trans-
  formation.  Nature 179:1322-5, 1957.

Fox, M. S. and Hotchkiss, R. D.  Fate of transforming deoxy-
  ribonucleate following fixation by transformable bacteria. I.
  Nature 187:1002-3, 1960.

Fox, M. S.  Fate of transforming deoxyribonucleate following
  fixation by transformable bacteria.  II. Nature 187:1004-6,
  1960.

Fuerst, C. R., Jacob, F., and Wollman, E. L.  D&termination de
liaisons gknQtiques, chez Escherichia coli K-12, a l'aide
  de radiophosphore.  Compt rend.  243:2162-4, 1956.

Fukuda, S. and Tsuzuki, K.  Interspecific induction of
transformation of bacteria with respect to phage-susceptibility.
  Nature 190:937-8, 1961.

Ginoza, W. and Guild, W. R.  On the inactivation of transforming
DNA by temperatures below the melting point.   Proc. Nat. Acad.
  Sci. U.S. 47:633-9, 1961.

Ginoza, W. and Zimm, B. H.  Mechanisms of inactivation of
  deoxyribonucleic acids by heat.
  47:639-52, 1961.           Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. w


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Goodgal, S. H. and Herriott, R. M.  Uptake of transforming
DNA and its penetration into Hemophilus influenzae.
Federation Proc. 15:590A, 1956.

Goodgal, S. H. and Herriott, R. M. Studies on transformation
of Hemophilus influenzae, in Symposium on the Chemical
Basis of Heredity, ed. by W. D. McElroy and Bentley Glass.
  Baltimore:  John Hopkins Press, 1957. Pp. 336-340.

Goodgal, S. H., Rubert, C. S. and Herriott, R. M. Photo-
reactivation of Hemophilus influenzae transforming factor
for streptomycin resistance by an extract of Escherichia
  coli B. Discussion, in Symposium on the Chemical Basis of
  Heredity, ed. by W. D. McElroy and Bentley Glass.   Baltimore:
John Hopkins Press, 1957. Pp. 341-50.

Goodgal, S. H. and Herriott, R. M.  A study of linked trans-
formations in Hemophilus influenzae.   Records Genet. Sac.
Am. 26:372-3, 1957.
   -

Goodgal, S. H., Rupert, C. S., and Herriott, R. M.   Molecular
weight and in vitro photorestoration studies of a trans-
forming factor for Hemophilus influenxae.  Trans. Faraday
& 53:257d, 1957.

Goodgal, S. H.  Expression and segregation in Hemophilus
  influenzae transformations.   Proc.  Intern. Congr. Genet.,
  10th Congr., Montreal, 1958.  1I:lOO.

Goodgal, S. H. and Melechen, N. E.  Synthesis of transforming
DNA in the presence of chloramphenicol.  Biochem. Biophys.
Research Communs. 3:114-8, 1960.

Green, D. MacDonald.  A host-specific variation affecting
relative frequency of transformation of two markers in
pneumococcus. Exp. Cell Research 18:466-80, 1959.

Greer, S., Heldemuth, L. and Zamenhof, S.  Transformation to
  auxotrophy in B. subtilis.  Federation Proc. 20:255, 1961.

Guild, W. R. and DeFillppes, F. M.  Ionizing radiation and
ultrasonic evidence for a minimum unit of transforming
  principle DNA.   Biochim. et  Biophys. Acta 26:241-51, 1957.

Guild, W. R.  Physical studies of transforming principle.
  Proc.  1st Natl.Biophys. Conf.  New Haven: Yale University
  Press,  1959. P. 228.

Guild, W. R.  Radiation sensitivity of transforming DNA with
  and without oxygen.  Radiation Research 11:444-5, 1959.

Hall, R. H. and Gale, G. 0.  New observations on pneumococcal
  transformations in viva. Proc. Sac. Exp. Biol. Med. 101:
  487-91, 1959.


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Hall, R. H. and Gale, G. 0.  New observations on pneumococcal
  transformations in viva.  Proc. Sac. Exp. Biol. Med. 101:
487-91, 1959.

*Hashimoto, K.  The transformation of streptomycin resistance
   in pneumococcus.  I. Transformation of streptomycin indif-

ference and resistance. Nippon Saikingaku-Zasshi (Japan. J.
Bacteriol.1 10:933-8, 1955.
  & 51:1061b, 1957.

*Hashimoto, K.  II. Transformation of the streptomycin
  dependence. Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi (Japan. J. Bacterial.)
  10:1049-53, 1955.
     CA 51:10651f, 1957.
           -

Hashimoto, K.  Further studies on the transformation of
  streptomycin resistance in pneumococci.  Japan'J. Microbial.
  l:l-9, 1957.

Herriott, R. M.  Formation of heterozygotea by annealing a
mixture of transforming DNAs.   Proc.  Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 47:
  146-53, 1961.

Hotchkiss, R. D.  The biological role of the deoxypentose nucleic
  acids, in The Nucleic Acids, ed. by E. Chargaff and
  J. N. Davidson.  New York:  Academic, 1955.   11:443-453.

Hotchkiss, Il. D.  Bacterial transformation.  J. Cellular Comp.
  Physiol. 45:1-22, 1955.

Hotchkiss, R. D.  The genetic organization of the deoxyribo-
nucleate units functioning in bacterial transformation, in
Enzymes: Units of Biological Structure and Function, ed. by
  0. H. Gaebler,  New Yorkr  Academic, 1956. Pp. 119-30.

Hotchkiss, R. D.  Criteria for quantitative genetic transfor-
mation of bacteria, in Symposium on the Chemical Basis of
Heredity; ed. by W. D. McElroy and Bentley Glass.  Baltimore:
John Hopkins Press, 1957. Pp. 321-335.

Hotchkiss, R. D.  Size limitations governing the incorporation
  of genetic material in the bacterial transformations and
other nonreciprocal recombinations. Symposia Sot. Exp. Biol.
  12:49-59, 1958.

Hotchkiss, R. D. and Evans, A. H.  Analysis of the complex
  sulfonamide resistance locus of pneumococcus.  Cold Spring
Harbor Symposia &ant. Biol. 23:85-97, 1958.

Hutchinson, P. and Arena, J.  Destruction of the activity of
deoxyribonucleic acid in irradiated cells. Radiation
Research 13:137-47, 1960.


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87) Imshenetskii, A. A., Perova, K. Z., Zaitseva, T. A. and
      Belozerskil ,9 A. N.  Transformation of streptom.ycin
    resistance~.in staphylococci by means of DNA. -Microbiology
    28:175-a, 1960. (Tr. from Mikrobiologiya 28:187-90, 1959.)

88) Imshenetskii, A. A. and Perova, K. Z.  Transformation carried
     out by cell-free extracts.
     (Tr.                Microbiology 28:371-374, 1961.
       from Mikrobiologiya 29:505-11, 1960.)

89) Imshenetskii, A. A. and Perova, K. Z.   Transformation in
    microbes induced by filtrates passed through bacterial
      filters.  Microbiology 29:486-9, 1961. (Tr. from
    Mikrobiologiya 29:673-8, 1960.)

90) *Jablofiski, L. and Poplawski, S, Deoxyribonucleic acid in
     Brucella. Preliminary study of transformation.   Acta
     Microbial Polon. 101147-155, 1961.

91) Jackson, S., Macleod, C. M. and Krauss, M. R. Determination
    of type in capsulated transformants on penumococcus by the
    genome of non-capsulated donor and recipient strains.
    J. Exp. Med. 109:429-38, 1959.

92) *Jarai, M.  Transformation in streptomyces.  Acta Microbial.
    Acad. Sci. Hung. 8:81-7, 1961.

93) Hogness, D. S. and Kaiser, A. D.  The transformation of
    Escherichia coli with deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from
     bacteriophage hdg.  J. Mol. Biol. 2:392-415, 1960.
94) *Kimura, Y.  The streptomycin resistance induced by deoxy-
    rinonucleic acid from streptomycin-resistant bacteria.
     II. The induced streptomycin resistance and the R+S
       variation.  Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi (Japan.J. Bacteriol.1
     11:199-204, 1956.
        CA 51:18013b, 1957.
                -
95) *Kinoshita, K.  The streptomycin resistance induced by the
    deoxyribonucleic acid from streptomycin-resistant
      bacteria.  Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi 10:463-a, 1955.
        CA 51:6764e, 1957.
                -
96) Kohiyama, M. and Saito, H.  Stimulation of genetic transfor-
    mation in Bacillus subtilis by biological inactive DNA
     and polyphosphate.  Biochim.
      1960.                et Biophys. Acta 41:180-l,

97) Kohiyama, M.  Genetic research on Bacillus subtilis.
     rend. sot. biol. 154:690-2, 1960.            Compt.

98) Kohiyama, M., Saito, H. and Ikeda, Y.  An hypothesis on
     genetic transformation in Bacillus subtilis.  Compt. rend.
         sot. biol. 154:1893-4, 1960.


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,,I

99) *Kohoutov&, M.  The effect of monovalent cations on the
    trn,nsformxti on of type specificity in pneumococci.   Cesko-
         ~k~3;:44-53, 1958.
                            77

______ - --_..- -- .~.
slov. Mikrobiol
   BA 32:4111~, 1720.
      -

100) Kohoutova, M.  Effect of univalent cations on type specifi-
     city transformation in pneumococci.  Nature 182:188-9, 1958.
101) *Kohoutova, M.  The sodium and potassium concentration in
     rabbit anti-R pneumococcal sera and its relationship to
     type-specific transformation. Folia Mikrobiol. 4:130-2,
       1959.
        BA 35:13824; 1960.
                  -
102) Kohoutov&, M.  Mechanism of the transformation of poly-
     saccharide capsule in pneumococcus.  Nature 190:1171-3, 1961.

103) Lacks, S. and Hotchkiss, R. D.  Genetic material determining
     and enzyme activity in pneumococcus.   Biochim.  et Bioph.ys.
     Acta 39:508-18, 1960.

104) Latarjet, R.  Effects of radiation and peroxides on viral and
     bacterial functions linked to DNA specificity, in Ciba
     Foundation Symposium on Ionizing Radiation and Cell
       Metabolism.  Boston:  Little, Brown, 1956. Pp. 275-99.

105) Latarjet, R.  Photorestauration, katalase-restauration and
     "pox"-effect bei bakterien und bakteriophagen.   Strahlen-
     therapie 101:580-98, 1956.

106) *Latarjet, R. and Cherrier, N.  Intern. Congr. Photobiol., 2nd
     Congr., Turin, 1957. P. 131.

107) Latarjet, R., Rebeyrotte, N. and Demerseman, P.   Action of
     organic peroxides on a transforming factor of pneumococcus,
    in Organic Peroxides in Radiobiology, ed. b,y M. Haissinskv,
     New York: Pergamon, 1958. Pp. 61-72.

108)  Latarjet, R., Rebeyrotte, N. and Demerseman, P.   Action de
     peroxydes organigues sur un facteur transformant du
       pneumocogue.  Actions chim. et biol. radiations 4:61-72, 1958.
109) Latarjet, R.  Radiobiological studies on transforming nucleic
       acids.  Strahlentherapie 110:443-50, 1959.

110)  Latarjet, R., Ephrussi-Taylor, H. and Rebeyrotte, N.   On the
     target size of a transforming factor based on x-ray
       inactivation.  Radiation Research Suppl. 1:417-30, 1959.

111)  Leidy, G., Hahn, E. and Alexander, H. E.  On the specificity
     of the desoxyribonucleic acid which induces streptomycin
     resistance in Hemophilus.  J. Exp. Med. 104:305-20, 1956.


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il2)  Leidy, G., Hahn, E. and Alexander, H. E.  Interspecific
     transformation in Hemophilus; a possible index of
     relationship between H. influenzae and H. aegyptius.
       Proc. Sot. Exp. Biol. Med. 102:86-S, 1959.

113) *Lejeune, J.  The structure of hereditary substance.  Rev. M&d.
     Liege 13:533-41, 1958.

114)  Lerman, L. S.  Chromatographic fractionation of the transforming
     principle of the pneumococcus.   Biochim.  et Biophys. Acta
      18:132-4, 1955.

115) Lerman, L. S. and Tolmach, L. J.  Kinetic studies of genetic
      transformation in pneumococcus.   Proc.  1st. Natl. Biophys.
     Conf.,  1957.  New Haven:  Yale University Press, 1959.
       P. 436.

116) Lerman, L. S. and Tolmach, L. J.   Genetic transformation. I.
     Cellular incorporation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
      accompanying transformation in pneumococcus.   Biochim. et
     Biophys. Acta 26:68-82, 1957.

117) Lerman, L. S.  Estimation of the critical DNA segment required
      for genetic transformation.  Intern. Congr. Genet.
                                 Proc.
     10th Congr., Montreal, 1958 2:164.

118) Lerman, L. S. and Tolmach, L. S.   Genetic transformation. II.
      The significance of damage to the DNA molecule.   Biochim. et
     Biophys. Acta 33:371-87, 1959.

119) *Lindegren, C. C.  The biological function of deoxyribonucleic
       acid.  J. Theoretical Biol. 1:107-19, 1961.
         BA 36:54675, 1961.
                  -

120) Litman, R. M. and Ephrussi-Taylor, H.   Inactivation and
     mutation of the genetic factors of the desoyribonucleic
     acid of pneumococcus by ultraviolet light and by nitrous
       acid.  Compt. rend. 249:838-40, 1959.
121) Litt, M., Marmur, J., Ephrussi-Taylor, H. and Doty, P.   The
      dependence of pneumococcal transformation on the molecular
     weight of deoxyribose nucleic acid.  Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
      44:144-52, 1958.

122)  Loginova, L. G.  Changes in characteristics of microorganisms
      by tranformation substances.
     (Tr.                           26:483-95, 1958.
         from Microbiologiya 26:485-99, 1957.

123) Lorkiewicz, Z., Opara-Kubinska, Z. and Szybalski, W.   Molecular
     fate of transforming DNA.  Federation Proc. 20:360, 1961.
124) MacLeod, C. M. and Krauss, M. R.   Transformation reactions
       with two non-allelic R mutants of the same strain of
      pneumococcus type VIII.  J. Exp. Med. 103:623-32, 1956.


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125) Marmur, J. and Fluke, D. J.  Uniformity of ionizing radiation
      action on several transforming factors of pneumococcus.
     Arch. BiochekBiophys. 57:506-14, 1955.

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