Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model Rev 00 ICN 01

ANL-NBS-MD-000010

October 2001

1. PURPOSE 
The purpose of the flow boundary conditions analysis is to provide specified-flux 
boundary conditions for the saturated zone (SZ) site-scale flow and transport model. This 
analysis is designed to use existing modeling and analysis results as the basis for 
estimated groundwater flow rates into the SZ site-scale model domain, both as recharge 
at the upper (water table) boundary and as underflow at the lateral boundaries. The 
objective is to provide consistency at the boundaries between the SZ site-scale flow 
model and other groundwater flow models. The scope of this analysis includes extraction 
of the volumetric groundwater flow rates simulated by the SZ regional-scale flow model 
to occur at the lateral boundaries of the SZ site-scale flow model and the internal 
qualification of the regional-scale model for use in this analysis model report (AMR). In 
addition, the scope includes compilation of information on the recharge boundary 
condition taken from three sources: 1) distributed recharge as taken from the SZ regionalscale 
flow model, 2) recharge below the area of the unsaturated zone (UZ) site-scale flow 
model, and 3) focused recharge along the Fortymile Wash channel. 
Revision 00 of this analysis was governed by the OCRWM work direction and planning 
document entitled Development of Flow Boundary Conditions for SZ Flow and Transport 
Model (CRWMS M&O 1999a). The technical scope, content, and management of ICN 
01 to this AMR is governed by Rev. 02 of the Technical Work Plan for Saturated Zone 
Flow and Transport Modeling and Testing (BSC 2001c). Addendum N to this technical 
work plan controls the internal data qualification included in ICN 01 to this AMR. The 
scope for the to be verified (TBV) resolution actions in this ICN is described in the 
Technical Work Plan for: Integrated Management of Technical Product Input 
Department (BSC 2001b, Addendum B, Section 4.1). 
2. QUALITY ASSURANCE 
The applicability of the YMP quality assurance program to the activities reported in 
Revision 00 of this AMR is documented in an activity evaluation (Wemheuer 1999) 
conducted per QAP-2-0, Conduct of Activities. The activity evaluation applicable to ICN 
01 of this AMR is documented in Rev. 02 of the Technical Work Plan for Saturated Zone 
Flow and Transport Modeling and Testing (BSC 2001c, Addendum M). The applicable 
implementing procedures are defined in the OCRWM work direction and planning 
document Development of Flow Boundary Conditions for SZ Flow and Transport Model 
(CRWMS M&O 1999a). 
3. COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND MODEL USAGE 
The following industry standard software was used in this analysis and documentation:

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 6 of 32 October 2001 
Excel 97-SR-1 
Used for spreadsheet calculations. Specific applications are discussed in Section 6 of 
this report. Exel 97-SR-1 is an exempt software product in accordance with APSI.
1Q, Software Management. 
Surfer 6.03 
Used for plotting and visualization of analysis results in the figures shown in this 
report. 
3.1. RECHARGE 
No controlled software codes are used to synthesize the estimates of recharge for the 
boundary conditions of the SZ site-scale model. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet is used 
to combine the components of the recharge model. 
3.1.1. Distributed Recharge 
A set of software routines is developed and used to extract the distributed recharge from 
the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) SZ regional-scale flow model and write the values of 
recharge for input to the SZ site-scale flow model. The software routines 
xread_distr_rech.f (version 1.0) and xread_distr_rech_-uz.f (version 1.0) are documented 
in Section 6 of this report and in Attachments I and II, respectively. 
3.1.2. Recharge From UZ Site-Scale Model Area 
A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet is used to perform calculations and unit conversions of 
data extracted from the output files of the UZ site-scale flow model. In order to combine 
the output from the UZ site-scale flow model with the other components of the recharge 
model, the location coordinates from the UZ model (see Assumptions, Section 5.1.2) are 
converted from the Nevada State Plane coordinate system to the UTM coordinate system 
with the exempt routine Corpscon, Version 5.11. The accuracy of this routine is 
documented in Attachment VI. 
3.1.3. Focused Recharge From Fortymile Wash 
A software routine is used to designate the value of recharge from Fortymile Wash and 
superimpose this value on the distributed recharge from the USGS SZ regional-scale flow 
model. The software routine xread_reaches.f (version 1.0xxx) is documented in Section 
6 of this report and in Attachment III. 
A software routine is used to superimpose the values of recharge from the three recharge 
components for use in the SZ site-scale flow model. The software routine

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 7 of 32 October 2001 
xwrite_flow_new.f (version 1.0xxx) is documented in Section 6 of this report and in 
Attachment IV. 
3.2. LATERAL BOUNDARIES 
A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet is used to compile simulated groundwater flux values 
from the USGS Death Valley regional-scale flow model. The regional scale model results 
are calculated using the MODFLOWP computer code. The executable file Modflowp and 
a set of input files were obtained from the Technical Data Management System (TDMS) 
directory GS960808312144.003/milrep/finalmod/ and copied to a Sun workstation. All 
files needed to perform the analyses in this AMR were obtained from TDMS out of data 
tracking number (DTN) GS960808312144.003. As discussed in Section 4, this DTN has 
been internally qualified for use in this AMR. In order to extract flow terms from the 
output of MODFLOWP for the lateral boundaries of the SZ site-scale model, the routine 
extract.f (version 1.0) was developed. The routine is documented in Section 6 of this 
report and in Attachment V. 
4. INPUTS 
Input information used in this analysis comes from several sources that are summarized 
in Table 4-1. DTN GS960808312144.003, which documents inputs and outputs from the 
USGS Death Valley regional groundwater flow model (DAgnese et al. 1997), was 
internally qualified for use in this report in accordance with AP 3.10Q, Rev. 02, ICN 04, 
ECN 01, Analyses and Models. That qualification is documented in Attachment VII of 
this report. Recharge data from the UZ site-scale flow model is unqualified output from a 
preliminary YMP model and is assumed to be reasonably representative of site 
conditions. This use of UZ model data is further discussed in Section 5.1.2. Focused 
recharge data for Fortymile Wash were separately qualified (BSC 2001a) in accordance 
with AP-SIII.2Q, Rev. 0, ICN 3, Qualification of Unqualified Data and the 
Documentation of Rationale for Accepted Data. 
Table 4-1. Input Data Sources 
Data Set Data Description Data Tracking Number Data Type Data Status 
Distributed 
Recharge 
File: rchp 
Recharge input file from 
USGS SZ regional-scale 
flow model 
GS960808312144.003 Developed Internally 
Qualified 
Recharge from UZ 
Site-Scale Model 
Area 
Files: 
mnaqb_p.out and 
mesh_bas.2k 
Output files from UZ 
site-scale flow model 
containing outflow to SZ 
and mesh location 
coordinates 
See Assumptions 
Section 5.1.2 
Developed Assumption 
Focused Recharge 
from Fortymile 
Wash 
Estimates of recharge 
along four reaches of 
Fortymile Wash 
MO0102DQRGWREC.001 Developed Qualified

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 8 of 32 October 2001 
Groundwater Flow 
at Lateral 
Boundaries 
Files: modflowp, 
aap.fix2, 
baspcnst.pahdvfix 
5, bcfp2, 
cnsthd1new, 
cnsthd2new, 
cnsthd3new, 
drnp, 
dvparwel14, 
etmpar, 
flows.new, 
ghbp4, 
heads.sum5.spr, 
lay1str170.asc, 
lay2str170.asc, 
lay3str170.asc, 
newfinnd.evt, 
otc, pcg2, 
rchp, 
rechs13fix3.asc, 
and welp 
MODFLOWP executable 
and input files from 
USGS SZ regional-scale 
flow model 
GS960808312144.003 Developed Internally 
Qualified

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 9 of 32 October 2001 
5. ASSUMPTIONS 
5.1. RECHARGE 
In the analysis presented in this report it is assumed that the three components of recharge 
(i.e., distributed recharge, recharge from the UZ site-scale model area, and focused 
recharge from Fortymile Wash) considered in the analysis provide a reasonable estimate 
of the magnitude and spatial pattern of recharge, when combined. In particular, it is 
assumed that the resulting estimate of groundwater recharge is suitable and adequate for 
the purposes of flow model calibration for the SZ site-scale flow model. Although the 
estimates of recharge for the three different components of the recharge analysis were 
derived by different methods, it is assumed that the results are sufficiently consistent for 
the purposes of the combined recharge model in the SZ site-scale flow model. This 
assumption is supported by the observation that the total volumetric flow rate of recharge 
is a relatively small fraction of the total volumetric groundwater flow rate through the SZ 
site-scale model domain from the lateral boundaries of the model, as shown in Sections 
7.1 and 7.2 of this report. 
5.1.1. Distributed Recharge 
The pattern of distributed recharge is taken from the SZ regional-scale flow model (DTN 
GS960808312144.003), which is constructed with a grid resolution of 1500 m. It is 
assumed that this relatively coarse resolution is adequate for use at the higher resolution 
of the SZ site-scale flow model. All of the underlying assumptions embodied in the 
recharge model for the SZ regional-scale flow model (DAgnese et al., 1997) apply to the 
results of that model as extracted in this analysis. The basis of these assumptions is that 
the SZ regional-scale flow model is based on measurements of groundwater discharge 
and is consequently constrained by the water balance of the entire groundwater system. 
As such, the regional-scale flow model results provide the best available estimate of the 
volumetric groundwater flow rate at the scale of the SZ site-scale flow model. These 
assumptions are used in Section 6.1.1 of this report. 
5.1.2. Recharge From UZ Site-Scale Model Area 
The pattern of recharge is taken from the bottom boundary of a preliminary version of the 
UZ site-scale flow model in the area of the UZ model. The output and grid files used in 
this AMR were taken from DTN LB971212001254.001. These files provided the most 
current estimate of recharge to the saturated zone within the area of the UZ model at the 
time the analysis described in Rev. 00 of this AMR was performed and it is assumed that 
these data are reasonably representative of site conditions. No confirmation of this 
assumption is required for this version of the AMR.

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 10 of 32 October 2001 
The UZ site-scale flow model has variable grid resolution that is generally finer than the 
grid resolution for the SZ site-scale flow model. It is assumed that the integration of 
recharge flux extracted from the UZ model for use at the grid resolution of the SZ sitescale 
flow model is adequate to represent the recharge pattern in this area. 
The infiltration model employed in the UZ site-scale flow model differs in resolution and 
conceptual basis from the recharge model used in the SZ regional-scale model. It is 
assumed that this inconsistency is not significant for the purpose of calibrating the SZ 
site-scale flow model. In addition, the UZ site-scale flow model results used in this 
analysis are from the expected case among several alternative models that consider 
uncertainty in the infiltration flux and UZ flow model parameters. It is assumed that the 
expected case of the UZ site-scale flow model is the most representative estimate to use 
for the recharge analysis. The relatively small total groundwater contribution from the 
UZ model area relative to the distributed recharge model (see Section 7.1 of this report) 
indicates that these assumptions are not of large consequence for the purpose of SZ sitescale 
flow model calibration. These assumptions are used in Section 6.1.1 of this report. 
5.1.3. Focused Recharge From Fortymile Wash 
The estimates of recharge from the Fortymile Wash channel were taken from DTN 
MO0102DQRGWREC.001 and are based on streamflow losses during brief runoff events 
over a maximum of 26 years (Savard 1998). It is assumed that the observations are 
representative of the long-term recharge from this source. The estimates of recharge for 
the Fortymile Canyon reach and the Amargosa Desert reach are extrapolated and 
interpolated, respectively, to estimate the recharge rates for reaches of the wash within 
the area of the SZ site-scale model (see Section 6.1.3 of this report). It is assumed that 
the recharge is uniform along each of the stream reaches and that the effective width of 
the Fortymile Wash channel for recharge at the water table is approximately 500 m. It is 
also assumed that recharge is uniformly distributed over the area of the distributary 
channels of Fortymile Wash in the Amargosa Desert. One basis for these assumptions is 
the relatively small total groundwater contribution from the focused recharge along 
Fortymile Wash relative to the distributed recharge model (see Section 7.1 of this report). 
These assumptions are used in Section 6.1.3 of this report. 
5.2. LATERAL BOUNDARIES 
The TDMS contains an executable file of the MODFLOWP code as well as input files in 
DTN GS960808312144.003. It is assumed that running this executable with these input 
files accurately calculates the cell-by-cell flow terms of the final 1997 USGS model. In 
addition, it is assumed that modifying the input files, as discussed in the Analysis section 
below, does not alter the calculated flow terms. The basis of this assumption is that the 
authors of the USGS regional-scale flow model provided the executable file of

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 11 of 32 October 2001 
MODFLOWP in the TDMS to allow generation of the output files from the input files 
contained therein. 
The regional model assumes that the density of water is constant, but does not specify a 
specific value. An arbitrary value of 1000 kg/m3 is assumed for fluid density in this 
analysis to convert from volumetric [m3/day] to mass [kg/s] flows. The mass flow rates 
presented by this analysis could be easily modified to represent an alternative assumption 
about fluid density.

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 12 of 32 October 2001 
6. ANALYSIS 
6.1. RECHARGE 
The approach taken to the analysis of recharge over the domain of the SZ site-scale flow 
model involves taking interpretations of recharge from three sources and combining this 
information into a single model for the spatial distribution of recharge. The starting point 
of the analysis is the model of distributed recharge used in the SZ regional-scale flow 
model. Within the area of the UZ site-scale flow model the estimates of distributed 
recharge are replaced by the simulated values of groundwater flow at the water table 
boundary of the UZ flow model. In the areas beneath the Fortymile Wash channel the 
distributed recharge estimate is replaced by the estimates of recharge based on 
streamflow loss measurements. 
6.1.1. Distributed Recharge 
The values of distributed recharge are extracted from the SZ regional-scale flow model 
input file for recharge. The recharge input file for the SZ regional-scale flow model is 
rchp and is taken from the TDMS (DTN: GS960808312144.003). The FORTRAN 
routine xread_distr_rech.f is used to extract the values of recharge from the rchp file 
and write an output file rech_site.dat that contains the UTM coordinates on 1500 m 
centers and the recharge in units of m/year. Electronic copies of these files are included 
in the electronic archive (DTN: SN9908T0581999.001) along with this report. 
Documentation of the software routine xread_distr_rech.f is included as Attachment I 
of this report. 
The FORTRAN routine xread_distr_rech_-uz.f is used to convert the values of 
distributed recharge contained in the file rech_site.dat to a 125 m grid within the area 
of the SZ site-scale model and writes the output to file rech_distr.dat in units of 
mm/year. The 125 m grid is used because this is the finest discetization anticipated for 
the SZ site-scale flow model. In addition, this routine excludes any grid locations inside 
the area of the UZ site-scale flow model. A plot of the spatial distribution of recharge in 
file rech_distr.dat is shown in Figure 6.1.1-1. Electronic copies of these files are 
included in the electronic archive (DTN: SN9908T0581999.001) along with this report. 
Documentation of the software routine xread_distr_rech_-uz.f is included as 
Attachment II of this report.

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 13 of 32 October 2001 
Figure 6.1.1-1. Map of distributed recharge from the SZ regional-scale flow model. Recharge 
within the area of the UZ site-scale model is not included. Recharge data taken from file 
rech_distr.dat. 
535000 540000 545000 550000 555000 560000 
UTM Easting (m) 
4050000 
4055000 
4060000 
4065000 
4070000 
4075000 
4080000 
4085000 
4090000 
UTM Northing (m) 
0.0 
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
4.0 
5.0 
6.0 
7.0 
8.0 
9.0 
10.0 
Recharge 
(mm/yr) 
Recharge Map from the SZ Regional-Scale Flow Model 
(DTN # GS960809312144.003) 
Values Mapped onto 125 m Grid of SZ Site-Scale Model Domain 
Area of UZ Site-Scale Model Removed

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 14 of 32 October 2001 
6.1.2. Recharge From UZ Site-Scale Model Area 
The recharge in the area of the UZ site-scale flow model is taken from the output file for 
the UZ flow simulations mnaqb_p.out, which is taken from the TDMS (see 
assumptions in Section 5.1.2). This TOUGH2, Version 1.11, output file corresponds to 
the base-case, mean alpha, present day infiltration scenario in Total System Performance 
Assessment  Viability Assessment (TSPA-VA) (CRWMS M&O 1998). 
Elements in the UZ site-scale flow model at the bottom boundary of the model (i.e., the 
water table) are identified by the prefix BT in the input and output files. Elements that 
are associated with fracture flow use the prefix F and elements for matrix flow use the 
prefix M in this dual-permeability model. These prefixes are used to extract the 1470 
elements at the water table in the UZ site-scale flow model using the UNIX grep 
command. The following two commands are used to perform the extraction: 
grep BT..F mnaqb_p.out>extract_F.out 
grep BT..M mnaqb_p.out>extract_M.out 
The two output files extract_F.out and extract_M.out contain the groundwater flux at 
the water table boundary (in kg/s) in the fourth column of the files for the fracture and 
matrix components of flow, respectively. 
The numerical grid file for the UZ site-scale flow model mesh_bas.2k is taken from the 
TDMS (see assumptions in Section 5.1.2) to obtain information on the x and y 
coordinates of each element and information on the connection area for each element. 
The following UNIX command is used to perform the extraction: 
grep BT..  mesh_bas.2k>meshgrep2.out 
The output file meshgrep2.out contains the connection area of the element in column 
numbers 21 to 29, the x coordinate (Nevada State Plane in meters) in column numbers 51 
to 60 and the y coordinate in column numbers 61 to 70. 
These data are combined in an Excel spreadsheet in the file wt_flux_uz.xls. This 
spreadsheet is constructed by taking columns from the extract_F.out , extract_M.out, 
and meshgrep2.out files and performing additional operations to calculate total 
volumetric flow rate and average percolation flux. The first additional operation is to add 
column G of the spreadsheet (fracture flux in kg/s) to column H (matrix flux in kg/s) to 
get column I (total flux in kg/s). The second operation is to divide the resulting column I 
by column J (cell connect area in m2) to get column K (flux per area in kg/s m2). The 
final operation is to multiply the resulting column K by the constant 31557600 to convert 
the units of flux per area to mm/yr. This result is stored in column L. The results are 
plotted in Figure 6.1.2-1 and are overlain by the UZ site-scale flow model grid.

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 15 of 32 October 2001 
Figure 6.1.2-1. Map of groundwater flux simulated at the bottom boundary of the UZ site-scale 
flow model. The model grid is shown overlain on the map of simulated recharge to the SZ. 
16900 
0 
17000 
0 
17100 
0 
17200 
0 
17300 
0 NSP Easting 
23000 
0
23100 
0
23200 
0
23300 
0
23400 
0
23500 
0
23600 
0
23700 
0
23800 
0
23900 
0 
N S P 
N o rt 
hi 
n g ( 
m ) 
0.0 
2.0 
4.0 
6.0 
8.0 
10.0 
12.0 
14.0 
16.0 
18.0 
20.0 
Groundwat 
er Flux 
(mm/yr) 
Groundwater Flux at the Water Table from UZ Site-Scale Flow Model 
Base Case, Present Climate, Output File: mnaqb_p.out 
(See Assumptions in Section 5.1.2)

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 16 of 32 October 2001 
To combine the output from the UZ site-scale flow model with the other components of 
the recharge model, the geographical coordinates from the UZ model are converted from 
the Nevada State Plane coordinate system to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) 
coordinate system. The results of this coordinate conversion are given in the spreadsheet 
in the file wt_flux_uz.xls. The software routine Corpscon is used to perform the 
coordinate conversion. This Windows routine is included in the archive of files (DTN: 
SN9908T0581999.001) for this analysis. Checking and verification of the coordinate 
transformation was conducted by visual inspection of the plotted recharge location, as 
shown in Figure 6.1.3-2. In addition, confirmation of the accuracy of the Corpscon 
routine output for the Yucca Mountain area, with some example coordinate conversions, 
is contained in Attachment VI. 
6.1.3. Focused Recharge From Fortymile Wash 
Recharge data from infiltration along Fortymile Wash were taken from DTN 
MO0102DQRGWREC.001. These data are based on estimates of streamflow loss along 
four reaches of Fortymile Wash as described in Savard (1998). These reaches are the 
Fortymile Canyon reach, Upper Jackass Flats reach, Lower Jackass Flats reach, and 
Amargosa Desert reach, listed from north to south and shown in Figure 6.1.3-1. The 
estimate of recharge along the northernmost reach of Fortymile Wash (Fortymile Canyon 
reach) has been extrapolated to the north boundary of the SZ site-scale model domain. 
The lengths of the Fortymile Canyon reach within the Savard (1998) study and within the 
SZ site-scale model domain were estimated graphically from Figure 6.1.3-1. The 
estimate of recharge along the Upper Jackass Flats reach presented in Savard (1998) is 
anomalously low relative to the other reaches as estimated in the same report. 
Consequently, an interpolated value of recharge for the Upper Jackass Flats reach is 
applied. The volumetric groundwater recharge rates per kilometer of reach are averaged 
for the Fortymile Canyon reach and the Lower Jackass Flats reach and this value is 
applied for the Upper Jackass Flats reach. The recharge rate along the Amargosa Desert 
reach is scaled in proportion to the length of this reach within the SZ site-scale model 
area. The resulting estimates of the recharge rates are summarized in Table 6.1.3-1.

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 17 of 32 October 2001 
Table 6.1.3-1. Fortymile Wash Recharge Estimates 
Fortymile 
Wash Reach 
Reach Length 
(from Savard, 
1998) (km) 
Estimated 
Recharge 
(m3/year) DTN 
MO0102DQRGW 
REC.001 
Reach 
Length in SZ 
Site-Scale 
Model (km) 
Estimated 
Recharge in 
SZ Site-Scale 
Model Area 
(m3/year) 
Estimated 
Recharge 
Flux 
(mm/year) 
Fortymile 
Canyon 
6.5 27000 9.5 39500b 5.77 
Upper 
Jackass Flats 
10.1 13600a 10.1 13600 2.21 
Lower 
Jackass Flats 
16.8 16400 16.8 16400 1.53 
Amargosa 
Desert 
25.0 64300 10.0 25700b 0.22 
a Interpolated value. 
b Scaled in proportion to length within the SZ site-scale model area. 
The first step of the analysis is to identify those nodes that correspond to the Fortymile 
Wash channel for each of the reaches on a 125 m resolution grid as shown in Figure 
6.1.3-1. Along most of the length of the Fortymile Wash channel, nodes within an 
approximately 500 m wide zone are designated to receive recharge from the wash. The 
nodes corresponding to a broad area of distributary channels in the Amargosa Desert are 
identified for the southernmost reach within the area of the SZ site-scale model domain. 
The results are 438 nodes in the Fortymile Canyon reach, 394 nodes in the Upper Jackass 
Flats reach, 687 nodes in the Lower Jackass Flats reach, and 7544 nodes in the Amargosa 
Desert reach. 
Processing of the data is performed with the FORTRAN routine xread_reaches.f, 
which is included as Attachment III to this report. This routine reads in the file 
digit.dat, which contains a set of digitized points defining the stream channel location 
for the four reaches of Fortymile Wash within the SZ site-scale model domain and the 
recharge rates for those reaches as tabulated in Table 6.1.3-1. The file digit.dat was 
generated using the digitize function from the Surfer program from Figure 6.1.3-1. The 
routine also reads in the file rech_distr.dat, which contains the values of distributed 
recharge within the SZ site-scale model domain, as described in section 6.1.1 of this 
report. The routine xread_reaches.f combines the estimates of distributed recharge and 
the estimates of focused recharge and outputs the file rech_distr_stream.dat. This file 
contains location coordintates (UTM m) and recharge (mm/year) on a 125 m grid for all 
locations with nonzero values of recharge. The file rech_distr_stream.dat also 
excludes grid locations within the area of the UZ site-scale model.

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 18 of 32 October 2001 
6.1.4. Combined Recharge Model 
The estimates of distributed recharge and focused recharge contained in the file 
rech_distr_stream.dat are combined with the simulated recharge at the water table 
boundary of the UZ site-scale flow model contained in file wt_flux_uz.xls in an Excel 
spreadsheet in the file rech_all_new.xls. In the rech_all_new.xls spreadsheet, the 
groundwater mass flux (kg/s) into each grid node is calculated. The first 1470 entries in 
the spreadsheet are for the output of the UZ site-scale flow model and the remaining 
entries are for the distributed recharge and focused recharge components of the analysis. 
The result of the combined estimates is shown in the map in Figure 6.1.3-2. 
These results are reformatted for input to the FEHM code using the FORTRAN routine 
xwrite_flow_new.f, which is included as Attachment IV of this report. The 
xwrite_flow_new.f routine reads in the data in the rech_all_new.xls spreadsheet 
(saved in the text file rech_all_new.txt, which has the header lines removed). The 
xwrite_flow_new.f routine writes output in a format suitable for input to the flow 
macro of FEHM for specified groundwater mass flux (kg/s). The resolution of the grid 
nodes in the output from the xwrite_flow_new.f routine is specified within the routine. 
The output assumes that grid nodes are numbered sequentially from the southwest corner 
of the SZ site-scale model domain, moving from west to east and south to north. Output 
files were generated for 1000 m, 500 m, 250 m, and 125 m nodal resolutions in the files 
wt_flow_1000.dat, wt_flow_500.dat, wt_flow_250.dat, wt_flow_125.dat, 
respectively.

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 19 of 32 October 2001 
Figure 6.1.3-1. Map of recharge along the Fortymile Wash stream channel. The base image of 
the figure is a false-color satellite photo of the Yucca Mountain area. The four reaches of 
Fortymile Wash are shown by the different colors overlying the wash. The boundaries of the SZ 
site-scale model and the UTM coordinates (m) are shown by the blue line. The approximate 
outline of the repository is shown by the red line and the outline of the UZ site-scale model is 
shown with the yellow line. 
535000 540000 545000 550000 555000 560000 
4050000 
4055000 
4060000 
4065000 
4070000 
4075000 
4080000 
4085000 
4090000

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 20 of 32 October 2001 
Figure 6.1.3-2. Map of recharge to the SZ site-scale flow model, combining the components of 
distributed recharge, recharge below the UZ site-scale flow model domain, and focused recharge 
along Fortymile Wash. 
6.2. LATERAL BOUNDARIES 
Extracting fluxes from the SZ regional-scale flow model is performed in three steps. 
Because the TDMS does not include output files from the 1997 U. S. Geological Survey 
model of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, the first step is to re-run 
the regional model to generate an unformatted output file containing cell-by-cell flow 
values. Second, a FORTRAN routine is used to read the unformatted file and write 
535000 540000 545000 550000 555000 560000 
UTM Easting 
4050000 
4055000 
4060000 
4065000 
4070000 
4075000 
4080000 
4085000 
4090000 
UTMNorthing (m) 
0.0 
0.5 
1.0 
1.5 
2.0 
2.5 
3.0 
3.5 
4.0 
4.5 
5.0 
5.5 
6.0 
6.5 
7.0 
7.5 
8.0 
8.5 
9.0 
9.5 
Recharge Map from the SZ Regional-Scale Flow Model 
Output file: rchp (DTN # GS960809312144.003) 
Recharge Along Fortymile Wash Taken from DTN MO0102DQRGWREC.001 
Groundwater Flux at the Water Table from UZ Site-Scale Flow Model 
Base Case, Present Climate, Output File: mnaqb_p.out 
(see assumptions in Section 5.1.2) 
Recharge 
(mm/yr)

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 21 of 32 October 2001 
selected values to formatted files. Finally, an Excel spreadsheet is used to sum the flow 
terms for selected segments along the site-scale boundaries and convert from volumetric 
to mass flows. 
Running the regional model: 
1) The regional scale model results are calculated using the MODFLOWP computer 
code. An executable file (Modflowp) and a set of input files are obtained from the TDMS 
(DTN GS960808312144.003) and copied to a Sun workstation, node=Picard, with the 
following 4 processors: 
cpu0: SUNW,UltraSPARC-II (upaid 0 impl 0x11 ver 0x11 clock 296 MHz) 
cpu1: SUNW,UltraSPARC-II (upaid 1 impl 0x11 ver 0x11 clock 296 MHz) 
cpu2: SUNW,UltraSPARC-II (upaid 2 impl 0x11 ver 0x11 clock 296 MHz) 
cpu3: SUNW,UltraSPARC-II (upaid 3 impl 0x11 ver 0x11 clock 296 MHz). 
2) The input files for the SZ regional-scale flow model in the TDMS are set up to 
calculate certain statistics, but the input files required for these statistics (BEALE.DAT 
and BEALE2.DAT) are not present. Because these statistics are not required for this 
analysis, two changes are made to the input files to allow MODFLOWP to run without 
these files. In the input file dvparwel14, the 5th entry of line 7 (in columns 24 and 25) 
is changed from 72 to zero. This is a switch which tells MODFLOWP not to calculate 
the statistics that require BEALE.DAT and BEALE2.DAT. Second, the a line 
containing the file name BEALE.DAT and a line containing the filename 
BEALE2.DAT are deleted from the input file Files. This file contains file names and 
their corresponding logical unit numbers. Deleting these file names from Files 
prevents MODFLOWP from trying to open a file that was not present. 
3) The executable (Modflowp) is then run. The output file used in this analysis is the 
cbcf.new file, which contains cell-by-cell flow terms. 
Extract cell-by-cell flow terms along the boundaries of the site-scale domain: 
The coordinates of site-scale domain are: 
xmin 533,340 m E 
xmax 563,340 m E 
ymin 4,046,780 m N 
ymax 4,091,780 m N 
The regional model is 163 rows by 153 columns, SW corner at 440,340; 3,944,782 
(DAgnese et al, 1997, page 75). Row 1 is to the north. Column 1 is to the west. Each 
model cell is 1,500 m square in the lateral directions. Then,

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 22 of 32 October 2001 
the x coordinates at east face of column 62 = 440340+((62)(1500))= 533,340 
the x coordinates at east face of column 82 = 440340+((82)(1500))= 563,340 
the y coordinates at south face of row 95 = 3,944,782+((163-95)(1500))=4,046,782 
the y coordinates at south face of row 65 = 3,944,782+((163-65)(1500))=4,091,782 
Thus the domain outlined by the east faces of columns 62 and 82, and the south faces of 
rows 65 and 95 of the regional model form a domain that is shifted 2 m north of the sitescale 
domain. The west boundary of the site-scale model consists of the east face of 
column 62 for rows 66-95. The east boundary consists of the east face of column 82 for 
rows 66-95. The north boundary consists of the south face of row 65 for columns 63-82. 
The south boundary consists of the south face of row 95 for columns 63-82. 
A FORTRAN routine (extract.f) to extract and write the flow terms was developed and 
used. The routine is compiled using the FORTRAN77 compiler on the Sun workstation 
(WorkShop Compilers 4.2 30 Oct 1996 FORTRAN 77 4.2). Documentation of the 
routine is included as Attachment V. This routine writes the flow terms along each 
boundary to a separate file. The files are named west_bdy, east_bdy, north_bdy, 
and south_bdy. Details of the routine are given in comment statements in the source 
code of the routine. 
These files were entered into an Excel workbook (electronic copy attached, file 
boundaries.xls). Excel is used for two calculations, to sum flow terms for segments 
along the site model boundaries and to convert the volumetric flows [m3/day] to mass 
flows [kg/s]. The segments are selected to group fluxes of similar direction and 
magnitude. 
7. CONCLUSIONS 
7.1. RECHARGE 
The results of the combined estimates of recharge from distributed recharge, focused 
recharge along Fortymile Wash, and recharge in the area of the UZ site-scale flow model 
are shown graphically in Figure 6.1.3-2 and presented in output DTN 
SN9908T0581999.001. Focused recharge data for Fortymile Wash were qualified in a 
separate data qualification report (BSC 2001a). These data were reviewed and modified 
for appropriate use in this AMR as described in Section 6.1.3. Distributed recharge data 
developed for the USGS regional flow model (DTN GS960808312144.003) were 
internally qualified as documented in Attachment VII to this AMR and found to be 
appropriate for use in this AMR. The majority of the recharge entering the system in the 
area of the SZ site-scale flow model occurs in the northern part of the model domain. An 
estimated total of 48.9 kg/s (1.55 x 106 m3/year) of groundwater enters the saturated-zone 
system as recharge in the SZ site-scale model area. Of this total, about 6.7 kg/s recharge 
occurs in the area of the UZ site-scale flow model and about 3.0 kg/s recharge occurs 
from focused recharge along Fortymile Wash.

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 23 of 32 October 2001 
7.2. LATERAL BOUNDARIES 
The cell-by-cell flow terms extracted from the 1997 U. S. Geological Survey model of 
the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system are given in Tables 7.2-1 to 7.2-4 
and presented in output DTN SN9908T0581999.001. Lateral flow data developed from 
the USGS regional flow model (DTN GS960808312144.003) were internally qualified as 
documented in Attachment VII to this AMR and found to be appropriate for use in this 
AMR. These tables contain the flow terms as calculated by MODFLOWP, i.e. in units of 
m3/day. The final column of each table is the sum of the terms for the three model layers 
for each row/column position. Flow terms for the west and east boundaries are for the 
(east) right cell faces, and terms for the north and south boundaries are for the south 
(front) faces. Row, column, and layer numbers are those of the regional model grid. 
The total mass flux [kg/s] for segments along the west, north, and east site model 
boundaries follows. These boundaries are the current candidates for specified flux in the 
SZ site-scale flow model. The fluxes are for the boundaries of a region that is shifted 2 m 
north relative to the domain of the site-scale model. The coordinates of the boundary 
segments are in UTM (meters). Fluxes are the total flux for that boundary segment, from 
the water table to a depth of 2750 m (i.e., all three layers of the SZ regional-scale flow 
model). A positive value indicates flow into the SZ site-scale model domain. 
East Boundary: 
from y=4,046,780 to 4,058,780: flux = +555.45 kg/s 
from y=4,058,780 to 4,081,280: flux = +5.46 
from y=4,081,280 to 4,087,280: flux = -2.65 
from y=4,087,280 to 4,091,780: flux = +3.07 
North Boundary: 
from x=533340 to 543840: flux = +101.64 kg/s 
from x=543840 to 552840: flux = +18.86 
from x=552840 to 560340: flux = +64.70 
from x=560340 to 563340: flux = +10.63 
West Boundary: 
from y=4,046,780 to 4,054,280: flux = -3.45 kg/s 
from y=4,054,280 to 4,063,280: flux = +71.00 
from y=4,063,280 to 4,072,280: flux = +6.90 
from y=4,072,280 to 4,082,780: flux = -2.73 
from y=4,082,780 to 4,091,780: flux = +46.99

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 24 of 32 October 2001 
Table 7.2-1. Cell-by-cell flow terms [m3/day] from the 1997 U. S. Geological Survey model of the 
Death Valley regional ground-water flow system along the west boundary of the site-scale model 
column row layer1 layer2 layer3 sum 
62 66 300.2210 116.4051 172.6758 589.3019 
62 67 385.4388 128.9357 283.9898 798.3643 
62 68 91.2969 118.8400 182.6684 392.8053 
62 69 81.6321 528.7921 163.5032 773.9274 
62 70 119.7977 761.6837 117.8837 999.3651 
62 71 102.2948 226.3122 177.2012 505.8082 
62 72 3.5854 4.5799 4.5910 12.7563 
62 73 0.9552 1.5968 -0.2015 2.3505 
62 74 -43.1638 -0.7436 0.2239 -43.6835 
62 75 -22.9567 -0.5382 1.9569 -21.5380 
62 76 -26.6496 -0.5568 2.1711 -25.0353 
62 77 -132.7272 -0.6117 1.8454 -131.4935 
62 78 -30.6877 -0.1970 1.3879 -29.4968 
62 79 67.7964 0.1506 1.0450 68.9920 
62 80 99.1461 0.2877 0.9304 100.3642 
62 81 102.5495 0.2189 0.6025 103.3709 
62 82 150.8397 0.5854 0.4216 151.8467 
62 83 33.8089 0.4745 0.6808 34.9642 
62 84 23.4775 112.0292 0.8068 136.3135 
62 85 115.8098 156.8466 45.4742 318.1306 
62 86 545.1091 226.8207 656.8904 1428.8202 
62 87 435.0265 644.8766 799.3350 1879.2381 
62 88 389.4053 582.7269 31.7153 1003.8475 
62 89 339.5885 482.1666 16.0400 837.7951 
62 90 63.1286 604.9294 -1.8066 666.2514 
62 91 -0.7494 7.4360 -1.9344 4.7522 
62 92 -51.7265 -1.1885 -2.1722 -55.0872 
62 93 -59.8463 -2.5714 -2.6846 -65.1023 
62 94 -80.7184 -3.5531 -3.7052 -87.9767 
62 95 -86.0093 -4.1979 -4.3128 -94.5200

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 25 of 32 October 2001 
Table 7.2-2. Cell-by-cell flow terms [m3/day] from the 1997 U. S. Geological Survey model of the 
Death Valley regional ground-water flow system along the east boundary of the site-scale model 
column row layer1 layer2 layer3 sum 
82 66 35.0744 104.1892 1.0335 140.2971 
82 67 32.4961 59.5407 2.8732 94.9100 
82 68 10.3283 17.9262 1.8526 30.1071 
82 69 -3.4922 -6.7300 0.0019 -10.2203 
82 70 -21.2585 -30.6522 0.0163 -51.8944 
82 71 -31.1982 -40.6015 0.0209 -71.7788 
82 72 -95.0790 -0.0151 0.0088 -95.0853 
82 73 0.0957 22.1619 0.1119 22.3695 
82 74 -0.0253 -4.9123 0.3112 -4.6264 
82 75 5.1671 38.1532 0.3185 43.6388 
82 76 5.3195 32.5464 14.2158 52.0817 
82 77 23.1081 29.8514 36.8918 89.8513 
82 78 21.1946 19.7791 14.2273 55.2010 
82 79 5.6187 15.7595 4.4241 25.8023 
82 80 1.4321 1.8868 -0.6955 2.6234 
82 81 4.4139 1.3365 -0.0422 5.7082 
82 82 14.2843 3.2528 0.0438 17.5809 
82 83 13.3643 3.5229 -0.7694 16.1178 
82 84 7.0857 2.9896 -1.4877 8.5876 
82 85 6.2192 5.0456 0.1849 11.4497 
82 86 29.3401 5.3988 31.3175 66.0564 
82 87 1.9728 16.1808 41.1021 59.2557 
82 88 0.2848 1548.8440 3119.2073 4668.3361 
82 89 0.3887 2089.5090 4151.5591 6241.4568 
82 90 0.4157 2228.8079 4423.1963 6652.4199 
82 91 0.4114 2201.4536 4385.2954 6587.1604 
82 92 3.1997 2140.7375 4301.0850 6445.0222 
82 93 5.1691 2058.0015 4210.7461 6273.9167 
82 94 14.4602 1854.5498 3990.9055 5859.9155 
82 95 13.8338 1559.0319 3689.5305 5262.3962

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 26 of 32 October 2001 
Table 7.2-3. Cell-by-cell flow terms [m3/day] from the 1997 U. S. Geological Survey model of the 
Death Valley regional ground-water flow system along the north boundary of the site-scale model 
column row layer1 layer2 layer3 sum 
63 65 436.7631 158.6168 88.8833 684.2632 
64 65 445.4616 666.2696 126.6694 1238.4006 
65 65 470.4084 705.4063 142.2845 1318.0992 
66 65 496.7751 743.2569 145.7451 1385.7771 
67 65 511.1288 766.8786 141.3761 1419.3835 
68 65 513.3553 770.7878 131.1927 1415.3358 
69 65 500.4772 703.2574 116.6735 1320.4081 
70 65 90.0194 124.4723 99.4196 313.9113 
71 65 94.3074 135.7408 79.1619 309.2101 
72 65 81.8713 125.9834 54.6917 262.5464 
73 65 79.1612 122.4325 45.4847 247.0784 
74 65 81.7757 123.9266 2.4599 208.1622 
75 65 78.1031 207.5337 3.3195 288.9563 
76 65 71.3560 834.7631 24.5218 930.6409 
77 65 77.1166 911.6486 24.9287 1013.6939 
78 65 84.7914 990.1692 26.3804 1101.3410 
79 65 160.8794 1060.8494 27.2710 1248.9998 
80 65 166.6360 1100.9541 27.4993 1295.0894 
81 65 204.6464 321.8176 38.1635 564.6275 
82 65 82.4114 226.1308 45.4612 354.0034

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 27 of 32 October 2001 
Table 7.2-4. Cell-by-cell flow terms [m3/day] from the 1997 U. S. Geological Survey model of the 
Death Valley regional ground-water flow system along the south boundary of the site-scale model 
column row layer1 layer2 layer3 sum 
63 95 -10.1696 -27.0123 -2.3935 -39.5754 
64 95 -162.1753 -65.2793 -3.1454 -230.6000 
65 95 -82.6131 -757.2695 -165.6998 -1005.5824 
66 95 -358.8732 -600.8329 -192.5924 -1152.2985 
67 95 -371.3719 -612.0051 -242.7134 -1226.0904 
68 95 -511.8046 -755.4321 -249.1117 -1516.3484 
69 95 -555.7947 -830.3972 -1310.7151 -2696.9070 
70 95 -592.0862 -885.5881 -1346.3021 -2823.9764 
71 95 -609.6418 -913.7783 -1431.5834 -2955.0035 
72 95 -557.9603 -853.9814 -1365.4269 -2777.3686 
73 95 -487.4033 -749.4507 -1280.9761 -2517.8301 
74 95 -296.7092 -462.6852 -1192.6534 -1952.0478 
75 95 -134.0494 -45.4739 -1074.3965 -1253.9198 
76 95 -75.9106 -35.3944 -54.2203 -165.5253 
77 95 -1.0317 16.2062 21.8088 36.9833 
78 95 -10.1687 -97.8409 -152.0629 -260.0725 
79 95 -6.4307 -3467.8037 -7410.0439 -10884.2783 
80 95 -5.3251 -3423.5581 -7539.6074 -10968.4906 
81 95 -32.0253 -3663.1204 -7828.6636 -11523.8093 
82 95 -35.7936 -4120.3281 -8149.0601 -12305.1818

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 28 of 32 October 2001 
8. REFERENCES 
8.1. DOCUMENTS CITED 
BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2001a. Data Qualification Report: Groundwater 
Recharge Data For Use On The Yucca Mountain Project. TDR-NBS-HS-000011 REV 
00. Las Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. ACC: MOL.20010405.0008. 
BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2001b. Technical Work Plan for: Integrated Management 
of Technical Product Input Department. TWP-MGR-MD-000004 REV 02. Las Vegas, 
Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. ACC: MOL.20010814.0324. 
BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2001c. Technical Work Plan for Saturated Zone Flow 
and Transport Modeling and Testing. TWP-NBS-MD-000001 REV 02. Las Vegas, 
Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: MOL.20010924.0269. 
CRWMS M&O 1998. "Unsaturated Zone Hydrology Model." Chapter 2 of Total System 
Performance Assessment-Viability Assessment (TSPA-VA) Analyses Technical Basis 
Document. B00000000-01717-4301-00002 REV 01. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS 
M&O. ACC: MOL.19981008.0002. 
CRWMS M&O 1999a. Development of Flow Boundary Conditions for SZ Flow and 
Transport Model. Work Direction and Planning Document. Las Vegas, Nevada: 
CRWMS M&O. ACC: MOL.19990707.0296. 
CRWMS M&O 1999b. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions 
for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model. ANL-NBS-MD-000010 
REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: MOL.19991118.0188. 
CRWMS M&O 2000. Calibration of the Site-Scale Saturated Zone Flow Model. MDLNBS-
HS-000011 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: 
MOL.20000825.0122 
Czarnecki, J.B. and Waddell, R.K. 1984. Finite-Element Simulation of Ground-Water 
Flow in the Vicinity of Yucca Mountain, Nevada-California. Water-Resources 
Investigations Report 84-4349. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey. ACC: 
NNA.19870407.0173. 
DAgnese, Frank A., Faunt C.C., Turner, A.K.; and Hill, M.C.1997. Hydrogeologic 
Evaluation and Numerical Simulation of the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow 
System, Nevada and California. Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4300, Denver, 
Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey. ACC: MOL.19980306.0253.

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 29 of 32 October 2001 
DOE (U.S. Department of Energy) 1997. Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project 
Site Atlas 1997. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy. TIC: 236826. 
Maxey, G.B. and Eakin, T.E. 1950. Ground Water in White River Valley, White Pine, 
Nye, and Lincoln Counties, Nevada. Water Resources Bulletin No. 8. Carson City, 
Nevada: State of Nevada, Office of the State Engineer. TIC: 216819. 
Mellington, S.P. 2000. "Office of Project Execution (OPE) Concurrence of Request of 
August 21, 2000, as Accepted Data." Letter from S.P. Mellington (DOE/YMSCO) to 
R.W. Craig (USGS), September 26, 2000, OPE:ERC-2105, with enclosure. ACC: 
MOL.20001030.0065. 
Mellington, S.P. 2001. Office of Project Execution (OPE) Proper Use of Yucca Mountain 
Site Characterization Project (YMP) Collected Data, Letter from S.P. Mellington 
(DOE/YMSCO) to R.F. Wemheuer (BSC), January 9, 2001, OPE: JMW-0426 with 
enclosures ACC: MOL.20010306.0376. 
Rice, W.A. 1984. Preliminary Two-Dimensional Regional Hydrologic Model of the 
Nevada Test Site and Vicinity. SAND83-7466. Albuquerque, New Mexico: Sandia 
National Laboratories. ACC: NNA.19900810.0286. 
Savard, C.S. 1998. Estimated Ground-Water Recharge from Streamflow in Fortymile 
Wash Near Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4273. 
Denver, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey. TIC: 236848. 
Sinton, P.O. 1987. Three-Dimensional, Steady-State, Finite-Difference Model of the 
Ground-Water Flow System in the Death Valley Ground-Water Basin, Nevada- 
California. Master's thesis. Golden, Colorado: Colorado School of Mines. TIC: 236959. 
USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) 2000. Simulation of Net Infiltration for Modern and 
Potential Future Climates. ANL-NBS-HS-000032 REV 00. Denver, Colorado: U.S. 
Geological Survey. ACC: MOL.20000801.0004. 
Waddell, R.K. 1982. Two-Dimensional, Steady-State Model of Ground-Water Flow, 
Nevada Test Site and Vicinity, Nevada-California. Water Resources Investigations 
Report 82-4085. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey. ACC: NNA.19870518.0055. 
Wemheuer, R.F. 1999. "First Issue of FY00 NEPO QAP-2-0 Activity Evaluations." 
Interoffice correspondence from R.F. Wemheuer (CRWMS M&O) to R.A. Morgan, 
October 1, 1999, LV.NEPO.RTPS.TAG.10/99-155, with enclosures. ACC: 
MOL.19991028.0162.

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 30 of 32 October 2001 
8.2. PROCEDURES 
AP-3.10Q, Rev. 2, ICN 4, ECN 1. Analyses and Models. Washington, D.C.: U.S. 
Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: 
MOL.20010827.0114. 
AP-3.15Q, Rev. 3, ICN 0. Managing Technical Product Inputs. Washington, D.C.: U.S. 
Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: 
MOL.20010801.0318. 
AP-SI.1Q, Rev. 1, ICN 0. Software Management. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of 
Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: 
MOL.19990630.0395. 
AP-SIII.2Q, Rev. 0, ICN 3, Qualification of Unqualified Data and the Documentation of 
Rationale for Accepted Data. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of 
Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.20001002.0152. 
QAP-2-0, Rev. 5. Conduct of Activities. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: 
MOL.19980826.0209.

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 31 of 32 October 2001 
8.3. SOURCE DATA, LISTED BY DATA TRACKING NUMBER 
GS960808312144.003. Hydrogeologic Evaluation and Numerical Simulation of the 
Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California, Using 
Geoscientific Information Systems. Submittal date: 08/29/96. 
LB971212001254.001. DKM Basecase Parameter Set for UZ Model with Mean Fracture 
Alpha, Present Day Infiltration, and Estimated Welded, Non-Welded and Zeolitic FMX. 
Submittal date: 12/12/97. 
MO0102DQRGWREC.001. Groundwater Recharge Rate Data for the Four Reaches of 
Fortymile Wash Near Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Submittal date: 02/26/2001. 
MO9906GPS98410.000. Yucca Mountain Project (YMP) Borehole Locations. Submittal 
date: 06/23/1999. 
8.4 OUTPUT DATA, LISTED BY DATA TRACKING NUMBER 
SN9908T0581999.001. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions 
for the Saturated Zone (SZ) Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model. 
Submittal date: 08/19/1999. 
9. ATTACHMENTS 
Attachment Title 
I Documentation of the xread_distr_rech.f Version 1.0 FORTRAN 
Routine 
II Documentation of the xread_distr_rech_-uz.f Version 1.0 FORTRAN 
Routine 
III Documentation of the xread_reaches.f Version 1.0 FORTRAN 
Routine 
IV Documentation of Four xwrite_flow_new.f Version 1.0-XXX 
FORTRAN Routines 
V Documentation of the extract.f Version 1.0 FORTRAN Routine

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 32 of 32 October 2001 
VI Documentation of the Corpscon Version 5.11 Routine 
VII Internal Qualification of the Death Valley Regional Groundwater Flow 
Model

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 I-1 October 2001 
ATTACHMENT I 
DOCUMENTATION OF THE xread_distr_rech.f VERSION 1.0 FORTRAN 
ROUTINE

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 I-2 October 2001 
ROUTINE IDENTIFICATION 
The routine xread_distr_rech.f is at version 1.0. This is a FORTRAN routine that was 
compiled using the FORTRAN 77 compiler on a Sun workstation. 
INPUT AND OUTPUT FILES 
The input file for xread_distr_rech.f v. 1.0 is the SZ regional-scale flow model file for 
recharge named rchp from (DTN GS960808312144.003). The routine xread_distr_rech.f 
extracts the values of recharge from the rchp file and writes an output file rech_site.dat 
that contains the UTM coordinates on 1500 m centers and the recharge in units of m/year. 
DESCRIPTION 
This routine begins by reading in the values of recharge from the SZ regional-scale model 
as a one-dimensional array with variable rech1 in the loop ending with line 10. This 
array is converted to a two-dimensional array with variable rech2 consisting of 163 
rows and 153 columns in the loop ending with line 20. The rows and columns 
correspond to the rows and columns in the SZ regional-scale flow model (DAgnese 
et al., 1997, p. 75). Output is written for those rows (66 to 95) and columns (63 to 82) 
that correspond to the area of the SZ site-scale model (see Section 6.2 of this report) with 
the loop ending with line 30. The xo and yo values defined in the routine are the UTM 
coordinates of the middle of the 1500 m cell in the southwest corner of the SZ site-scale 
model domain. 
VALIDATION 
Below are provided excerpts of the input and output files of the routine 
xread_distr_rech.f v. 1.0. Note that the highlighted value of recharge in m/year from the 
input file is correctly extracted and written to the output file in the proper location in units 
of m/year. The concept of a range of validation is not applicable to this routine since its 
purpose is to just extract values from one specified file and write them in a different 
format to another file. The files are specified in the code itself as can be seen in the code 
listing provided in this attachment. The routine is valid for all values in the specified 
input file. 
Input file rchp 
Following are lines 1115 through 1118 of the input file rchp. There are three header lines 
in this file. Consequently these lines correspond to lines 1112 through 1115 of the onedimensional 
array of recharge values. Each line contains 9 values of recharge. 
Consequently, values for array indices 10,000 through 10,035 are contained in this 
excerpt. Values for indices 10,008 through 10,027 are highlighted. These indices 
correspond to the northern-most row of values in the output file rech_site.dat.

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 I-3 October 2001 
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 
0.000000 
0.000000 0.000000 0.005283 0.000576 
0.013663 0.010264 0.010553 0.007710 
0.001733 
0.032282 0.003264 0.005660 0.000000 
0.000000 0.008502 0.008533 0.000701 
0.034101 
0.030516 0.008270 0.032626 0.036288 
0.012243 0.035966 0.000000 0.000000 
0.000000 
Output file rech_site.dat 
Following are lines 581 through 600 of the output file rech_site.dat. The first two 
columns of each line are the UTM coordinates of the cell centers. The third column 
contains the recharge values corresponding to the highlighted values in the excerpt from 
the input file above, demonstrating correct functionality. 
534090. 4.09103E+06 0. 
535590. 4.09103E+06 0. 
537090. 4.09103E+06 0. 
538590. 4.09103E+06 5.28300E-03 
540090. 4.09103E+06 5.76000E-04 
541590. 4.09103E+06 1.36630E-02 
543090. 4.09103E+06 1.02640E-02 
544590. 4.09103E+06 1.05530E-02 
546090. 4.09103E+06 7.71000E-03 
547590. 4.09103E+06 1.73300E-03 
549090. 4.09103E+06 3.22820E-02 
550590. 4.09103E+06 3.26400E-03 
552090. 4.09103E+06 5.66000E-03 
553590. 4.09103E+06 0. 
555090. 4.09103E+06 0. 
556590. 4.09103E+06 8.50200E-03 
558090. 4.09103E+06 8.53300E-03 
559590. 4.09103E+06 7.01000E-04 
561090. 4.09103E+06 3.41010E-02 
562590. 4.09103E+06 3.05160E-02

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 I-4 October 2001 
CODE LISTING 
C 
program xread_distr_rech 
C
C This program extracts the values of recharge in the SZ 
C regional-scale flow model input file "rchp" within the 
C domain of the SZ site-scale flow model. The output 
C consists of x and y coordinates (UTM) on 1500 m centers and 
C the value of recharge (m/year). 
C 
DIMENSION rech1(24939),rech2(153,163) 
open(file='rchp',unit=11,status='old') 
open(file='rech_site.dat',unit=12,status='new') 
xo=534090. 
yo=4091030. 
do 10 i=1,3 
READ(11,*) 
10 continue 
read (11,*) rech1 
do 20 j=1,163 
do 20 i=1,153 
nnum=((j-1)*153)+i 
rech2(i,j)=rech1(nnum) 
20 continue 
do 30 j=95,66,-1 
do 30 i=63,82 
x=xo+(i-63)*1500. 
y=yo+(66-j)*1500. 
WRITE(12,*) x,y,rech2(i,j) 
30 continue 
99 format (i6,3f12.1) 
end

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 II-1 October 2001 
ATTACHMENT II 
DOCUMENTATION OF THE xread_distr_rech_-uz.f VERSION 1.0 FORTRAN 
ROUTINE

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 II-2 October 2001 
ROUTINE IDENTIFICATION 
The routine xread_distr_rech_-uz.f is at version 1.0. This is a FORTRAN routine that 
was compiled using the FORTRAN 77 compiler on a Sun workstation. 
INPUT AND OUTPUT FILES 
The input file for xread_distr_rech_-uz.f v. 1.0 is rech_site.dat (Note that this is the 
output file from the previous routine documented in Attachment I.) The routine 
xread_distr_rech_-uz.f translates the values of distributed recharge in the input file to a 
125 m grid within the area of the SZ site-scale model and writes the output to file 
rech_distr.dat in units of mm/year. 
DESCRIPTION 
This routine begins by reading in the coordinates and values of recharge from the SZ 
regional-scale flow model (from the input file rech_site.dat) within the area of the SZ 
site-scale model in the loop ending at line 10. The routine then loops through a 125 m 
grid (239 columns by 359 rows) for the SZ site-scale model domain in the loop that ends 
at line 100. For each fine grid location the routine finds the nearest node from the 
1500 m grid of the SZ regional-scale model and assigns that value of recharge to the 
125 m grid node in the loop ending at line 110. The values of recharge are converted 
from m/year to mm/year by multiplying by 1000 mm/m. The routine then uses a function 
call to the inside function to determine if the 125 m grid node is inside or outside of the 
UZ site-scale flow model area. The area of the UZ site-scale flow model is defined by 
the six points at the vertices of a polygon. Finally, the coordinates of the 125 m grid node 
and the value of recharge are written out by the routine, if the node is outside the area of 
the UZ site-scale flow model domain. 
VALIDATION 
As is apparent from the above description, the routine xread_distr_rech_-uz.f has three 
functions: 1) translating appropriate values of recharge from the 1500 m grid to the fine 
125 m grid, 2) performing a simple unit conversion of m/year to mm/year, and 
3) discriminating between areas and only writing output for the specified area. 
Validation will be by inspection of excerpts of input and output files. The concept of a 
range of validation is not applicable to this routine. The routine reads only one specified 
input file, performs the functions listed above, and writes to one specified output file. 
This can be confirmed by inspection of the code, which is provided in this attachment. 
The routine is valid for all values on the specified input file. 
Input file rech_site.dat 
Following are lines 461-480. These lines contain recharge values for the seventh row of 
grid cells from the northern boundary of the site-scale model domain. Only two cells

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 II-3 October 2001 
have non-zero values. These are the two southern-most grid cells with non-zero recharge 
in Figure 6.1.3-2. As shown in this figure, only the western-most of these two grid cells 
intersects the domain of the UZ model domain. 
534090. 4.08203E+06 0. 
535590. 4.08203E+06 0. 
537090. 4.08203E+06 0. 
538590. 4.08203E+06 0. 
540090. 4.08203E+06 0. 
541590. 4.08203E+06 0. 
543090. 4.08203E+06 0. 
544590. 4.08203E+06 0. 
546090. 4.08203E+06 5.71800E-03 
547590. 4.08203E+06 0. 
549090. 4.08203E+06 0. 
550590. 4.08203E+06 0. 
552090. 4.08203E+06 0. 
553590. 4.08203E+06 0. 
555090. 4.08203E+06 0. 
556590. 4.08203E+06 0. 
558090. 4.08203E+06 0. 
559590. 4.08203E+06 9.81100E-03 
561090. 4.08203E+06 0. 
562590. 4.08203E+06 0. 
Output file rech_distr.dat 
Following are lines 65023  65140. These are the lines in rech_distr.dat with a Y UTM 
coordinate equal to 4082030 m, and an X UTM coordinate greater than 544000 m. By 
inspection, it is clear that the recharge values for the two cells in the excerpt of the input 
file are represented in the finer 125 m grid. The highlighted values in this file are one 
thousand times greater, showing that the conversion from m/year to mm/year works 
correctly. Note that there are 9 cells in the fine grid with a value of 5.72 and 12 cells with 
a value of 9.81. Twelve cells with a width of 125 m are required to cover the 1500-m 
width of a cell in the coarse grid. There are only 9 cells with a value of 5.72 because the 
eastern-most 3 cells corresponding to the single cell in the coarse grid with this discharge 
value fall within the domain of the UZ model. This shows that the routine is correctly not 
writing entries to the output file for cells within the domain of the UZ model. 
544090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
544215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
544340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
544465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
544590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
544715.00 4082030.00 0.00

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 II-4 October 2001 
544840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
544965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
545090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
545215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
545340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
545465.00 4082030.00 5.72 
545590.00 4082030.00 5.72 
545715.00 4082030.00 5.72 
545840.00 4082030.00 5.72 
545965.00 4082030.00 5.72 
546090.00 4082030.00 5.72 
546215.00 4082030.00 5.72 
546340.00 4082030.00 5.72 
546465.00 4082030.00 5.72 
551090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
551215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
551340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
551465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
551590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
551715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
551840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
551965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
552090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
552215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
552340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
552465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
552590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
552715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
552840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
552965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
553090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
553215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
553340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
553465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
553590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
553715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
553840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
553965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
554090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
554215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
554340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
554465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
554590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
554715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
554840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
554965.00 4082030.00 0.00

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 II-5 October 2001 
555090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
555215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
555340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
555465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
555590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
555715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
555840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
555965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
556090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
556215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
556340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
556465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
556590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
556715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
556840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
556965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
557090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
557215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
557340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
557465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
557590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
557715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
557840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
557965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
558090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
558215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
558340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
558465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
558590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
558715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
558840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
558965.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559090.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559215.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559340.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559465.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559590.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559715.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559840.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559965.00 4082030.00 9.81 
560090.00 4082030.00 9.81 
560215.00 4082030.00 9.81 
560340.00 4082030.00 9.81 
560465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
560590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
560715.00 4082030.00 0.00

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 II-6 October 2001 
560840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
560965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
561090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
561215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
561340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
561465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
561590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
561715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
561840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
561965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
562090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
562215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
562340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
562465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
562590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
562715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
562840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
562965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
563090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
563215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
CODE LISTING 
C 
program xread_distr_rech_uz 
C
C This routine reads in the values of recharge (m/year) taken 
C from the SZ regional-scale flow model within the area of the 
C SZ site-scale flow model on a 1500 m grid. The routine writes 
C out values of recharge (mm/year) on a 125 m grid over the same 
C domain with grid points inside the area of the UZ site-scale 
C flow model excluded. 
dimension x(20),y(20) 
dimension rech1(600) 
dimension x_reg(600),y_reg(600) 
open(file='rech_site.dat',unit=11,status='old') 
open(file='rech_distr.dat',unit=12,status='new') 
C Limits of the SZ site-scale model domain 
xmin=533340. 
xmax=563340. 
ymin=4046780. 
ymax=4091780. 
C Coordinates of the polygon bounding the UZ site-scale model 
domain 
x(1)=545424.9 
x(2)=546891.3

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 II-7 October 2001 
x(3)=549290.6 
x(4)=551045.7 
x(5)=551054.5 
x(6)=550323.5 
y(1)=4074660.5 
y(2)=4084163.0 
y(3)=4084171.4 
y(4)=4082578.0 
y(5)=4080078.7 
y(6)=4074677.6 
cx=548308. 
cy=4079169. 
delx=125. 
n=6 
do 10 i=1,600 
read(11,*) x_reg(i),y_reg(i),rech1(i) 
10 continue 
do 100 j=2,360 
do 100 i=2,240 
distmin=10000. 
do 110 k=1,600 
xx=(i-1)*delx+xmin 
yy=(j-1)*delx+ymin 
xdist=xx-x_reg(k) 
ydist=yy-y_reg(k) 
dist=sqrt((xdist*xdist)+(ydist*ydist)) 
if(dist.lt.distmin) then 
distmin=dist 
nmin=k 
endif 
110 continue 
rech=rech1(nmin)*1000. 
nin=inside(xx,yy,n,x,y,cx,cy) 
if(nin.eq.0) then 
write(12,99) xx,yy,rech 
endif 
100 continue 
99 format(3f15.2) 
C 
end 
INTEGER FUNCTION INSIDE (XX, YY, N, X, Y, CX, CY) 
C
C
C (CX,CY) is a point inside the polygon

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 II-8 October 2001 
C (X,Y) are the vectors of the coordinates of the polygon 
C (XX,YY) is the point in question as to whether it is in the 
polygon 
C
C Returns 
C 0 - if outside polygon 
C 1 - if inside polygon 
C 
dimension x(20),y(20) 
C 
INSIDE = 0 
K = N 
xmin=x(1) 
xmax=x(1) 
ymin=y(1) 
ymax=y(1) 
do 50 i=2,n 
if(x(i).le.xmin) xmin=x(i) 
if(x(i).ge.xmax) xmax=x(i) 
if(y(i).le.ymin) ymin=y(i) 
if(y(i).ge.ymax) ymax=y(i) 
50 continue 
if(xx.le.xmin) goto 100 
if(xx.ge.xmax) goto 100 
if(yy.le.ymin) goto 100 
if(yy.ge.ymax) goto 100 
C 
DO 20 I = 1, N 
C 
IF (X(I) .EQ. X(K) ) THEN 
C 
IF ( (YY .LE. Y(I) .AND. YY .GE. Y(K) ) .OR. 
* (YY .GE. Y(I) .AND. YY .LE. Y(K) ) ) THEN 
IF ((XX .LT. X(I) .AND. CX .GT. X(K) ) .OR. 
* (XX .GT. X(I) .AND. CX .LT. X(K) )) GO TO 100 
END IF 
C 
ELSE 
sM = (Y(K) - Y(I) ) / (X(K) - X(I) ) 
Y1 = Y(K) + (XX - X(K) ) * sM 
Y2 = Y(K) + (CX - X(K) ) * sM 
C 
IF ( (YY .LE. Y(I) .AND. YY .GE. Y(K) ) .OR. 
* (YY .GE. Y(I) .AND. YY .LE. Y(K) ) ) THEN 
IF ( (YY .LT. Y1 .AND. CY .GT. Y2) .OR. 
* (YY .GT. Y1 .AND. CY .LT. Y2) ) GO TO 100 
END IF 
C 
END IF 
C 
K = I 
C 
20 CONTINUE

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 II-9 October 2001 
INSIDE = 1 
C 
100 CONTINUE 
RETURN 
END

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 III-1 October 2001 
ATTACHMENT III 
DOCUMENTATION OF THE xread_reaches.f VERSION 1.0 FORTRAN 
ROUTINE

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 III-2 October 2001 
ROUTINE IDENTIFICATION 
The routine xread_reaches.f is at version 1.0. This is a FORTRAN routine that was 
compiled using the FORTRAN 77 compiler on a Sun workstation. 
INPUT AND OUTPUT FILES 
The input for xread_reaches.f v. 1.0 consists of two files, rech_distr.dat (note that this is 
the output from the previous routine documented in Attachment II) and digit.dat. This 
second file (digit.dat) contains a set of digitized points defining the stream channel 
location for the four reaches of Fortymile Wash within the SZ site-scale model domain 
and the recharge rates for those reaches as tabulated in Table 6.1.3-1 of this AMR. The 
routine xread_reaches.fcombines the estimates of distributed recharge and the estimates 
of focused recharge from the two input files and outputs the file rech_distr_stream.dat. 
DESCRIPTION 
This routine begins by reading in the coordinates and values of distributed recharge on 
the 125 m grid within the SZ site-scale model domain (from the input file rech_distr.dat) 
in the loop ending at line 100. The routine then reads in the coordinates of digitized 
locations within the stream channel reaches of Fortymile Wash (from the input file 
digit.dat), finds all 125 m grid nodes within 250 m of those locations, and resets the value 
of recharge at those nodes to the focused recharge value assigned to that reach of 
Fortymile Wash in the nested loops ending at line 400. This process is repeated for the 
Amargosa Reach of Fortymile Wash for all nodes within a greater (500 m) distance of the 
digitized locations of that part of the drainage in the loops ending at line 310. The 
coordinates and values of recharge are then written out to the rech_distr_stream.dat file 
for the 125 m grid nodes in the loop ending at line 40. 
VALIDATION 
As can be seen from the above description, the routine xread_reaches.f performs a 
replacement function for grid nodes within certain specified distances of various reaches 
of Fortymile Wash. Distributed recharge values are replaced by focused discharge 
values. Validation will be by inspection of excerpts of input and output files. The 
concept of a range of validation is not applicable to this routine. The routine reads two 
specified input files, performs the replacement function described above, and writes to 
one specified output file. This can be confirmed by inspection of the code, which is 
provided in this attachment. The routine is valid for all values on the specified input 
files. 
Input file rech_distr.dat 
Following are lines 65023  65140. These are the lines in rech_distr.dat with a Y UTM 
coordinate equal to 4082030 m, and an X UTM coordinate greater than 544000 m. By

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 III-3 October 2001 
inspection, it is clear that the recharge values for the two cells in the excerpt of the input 
file are represented in the finer 125 m grid. The highlighted values in this file are one 
thousand times greater, showing that the conversion from m/year to mm/year works 
correctly. Note that there are 9 cells in the fine grid with a value of 5.72 and 12 cells with 
a value of 9.81. Twelve cells with a width of 125 m are required to cover the 1500-m 
width of a cell in the coarse grid. There are only 9 cells with a value of 5.72 because the 
eastern-most 3 cells corresponding to the single cell in the coarse grid with this discharge 
value fall within the domain of the UZ model. This shows that the routine is correctly not 
writing entries to the output file for cells within the domain of the UZ model. 
544090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
544215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
544340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
544465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
544590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
544715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
544840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
544965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
545090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
545215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
545340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
545465.00 4082030.00 5.72 
545590.00 4082030.00 5.72 
545715.00 4082030.00 5.72 
545840.00 4082030.00 5.72 
545965.00 4082030.00 5.72 
546090.00 4082030.00 5.72 
546215.00 4082030.00 5.72 
546340.00 4082030.00 5.72 
546465.00 4082030.00 5.72 
551090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
551215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
551340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
551465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
551590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
551715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
551840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
551965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
552090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
552215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
552340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
552465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
552590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
552715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
552840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
552965.00 4082030.00 0.00

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 III-4 October 2001 
553090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
553215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
553340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
553465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
553590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
553715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
553840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
553965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
554090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
554215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
554340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
554465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
554590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
554715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
554840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
554965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
555090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
555215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
555340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
555465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
555590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
555715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
555840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
555965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
556090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
556215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
556340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
556465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
556590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
556715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
556840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
556965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
557090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
557215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
557340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
557465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
557590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
557715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
557840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
557965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
558090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
558215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
558340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
558465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
558590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
558715.00 4082030.00 0.00

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 III-5 October 2001 
558840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
558965.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559090.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559215.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559340.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559465.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559590.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559715.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559840.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559965.00 4082030.00 9.81 
560090.00 4082030.00 9.81 
560215.00 4082030.00 9.81 
560340.00 4082030.00 9.81 
560465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
560590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
560715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
560840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
560965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
561090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
561215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
561340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
561465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
561590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
561715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
561840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
561965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
562090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
562215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
562340.00 4082030.00 0.00 
562465.00 4082030.00 0.00 
562590.00 4082030.00 0.00 
562715.00 4082030.00 0.00 
562840.00 4082030.00 0.00 
562965.00 4082030.00 0.00 
563090.00 4082030.00 0.00 
563215.00 4082030.00 0.00 
Input file digit.dat 
Following are lines 1  37 from the input file. These lines define the first polygon in the 
file. This is the only polygon that extends as far north as X UTM coordinate 4082030. 
An excerpt from the output file showing all values with this X UTM coordinate is 
provided below for comparison. The routine should assign a recharge value (highlighted) 
of 5.77 mm/yr to all cells with centers that fall within this polygon.

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 III-6 October 2001 
5.77 36 
555964, 4.09161E+006 
555964, 4.09132E+006 
555964, 4.09105E+006 
555964, 4.09076E+006 
555701, 4.09053E+006 
555656, 4.0902E+006 
555416, 4.08994E+006 
555679, 4.08964E+006 
555656, 4.08938E+006 
555679, 4.0891E+006 
555964, 4.08883E+006 
555964, 4.08853E+006 
555964, 4.08825E+006 
555941, 4.08797E+006 
555964, 4.08769E+006 
555964, 4.08743E+006 
555679, 4.08715E+006 
555679, 4.08687E+006 
555679, 4.08659E+006 
555964, 4.0863E+006 
555964, 4.08602E+006 
555679, 4.08574E+006 
555679, 4.08548E+006 
555679, 4.0852E+006

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 III-7 October 2001 
555679, 4.08492E+006 
555679, 4.08464E+006 
555679, 4.08436E+006 
555679, 4.08407E+006 
555679, 4.08381E+006 
555394, 4.08353E+006 
555394, 4.08325E+006 
555394, 4.08297E+006 
555379, 4.08271E+006 
555394, 4.08243E+006 
555379, 4.08215E+006 
555394, 4.08185E+006 
Output file rech_distr_stream.dat 
Following are lines 3875- 3911. These lines contain all entries in the file with an X UTM 
coordinate of 4082030 m. Note that this file only contains values for cells with non-zero 
recharge values. Four cells (highlighted) have been assigned the correct value of 5.77 
mm/year. The other entries in this excerpt match the non-zero entries in the excerpt of 
file rech_distr.dat in Attachment II. 
545465.00 4082030.00 5.72 
545590.00 4082030.00 5.72 
545715.00 4082030.00 5.72 
545840.00 4082030.00 5.72 
545965.00 4082030.00 5.72 
546090.00 4082030.00 5.72 
546215.00 4082030.00 5.72 
546340.00 4082030.00 5.72 
546465.00 4082030.00 5.72 
554965.00 4082030.00 5.77 
555090.00 4082030.00 5.77 
555215.00 4082030.00 5.77 
555340.00 4082030.00 5.77 
558965.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559090.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559215.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559340.00 4082030.00 9.81

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 III-8 October 2001 
559465.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559590.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559715.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559840.00 4082030.00 9.81 
559965.00 4082030.00 9.81 
560090.00 4082030.00 9.81 
560215.00 4082030.00 9.81 
560340.00 4082030.00 9.81 
CODE LISTING 
program xreadreaches 
C
C This program reads approximate nodal coordinates digitized 
C from map of stream reaches. It finds the nearest node in the 
C 125 m recharge map and changes the infiltration value to 
C the value specified in the first line of the digitized 
C coordinate file. 
dimension x(83054),y(83054),rech(83054) 
open(file='digit.dat',unit=10,status='old') 
open(file='rech_distr.dat',unit=11,status='old') 
open(file='rech_distr_stream.dat',unit=12,status='new') 
C Read in values of distributed recharge on 125 m mesh. 
C This file contains "hole" where UZ flow model exists. 
do 100 i=1,83054 
read(11,*) x(i),y(i),rech(i) 
100 continue 
C Read in approximate digitized locations of nodes (on 250 m 
C centers) of the Fortymile Canyon reach, Upper Jackass Flats 
C reach and the Lower Jackass Flats reach of Fortymile Wash. 
C Loop through locations on 125 m grid and find nodes within 
C 250 m of digitized channel locations. Assign recharge (mm/year) 
C associated with that reach to the 125 m grid node. 
do 400 k=1,3 
read(10,*)rech_new,ndig 
do 300 j=1,ndig 
read(10,*) xx,yy 
distmin=5000. 
do 200 i=1,83054 
xadj=xx-250. 
dist=sqrt((xadj-x(i))*(xadj-x(i))+(yy-y(i))* 
& (yy-y(i)))

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 III-9 October 2001 
if(dist.lt.250.) then 
rech(i)=rech_new 
endif 
200 continue 
300 continue 
400 continue 
C Read in approximate digitized locations of nodes (on 250 m 
C centers) of the Amargosa Desert reach of Fortymile Wash. 
C Loop through locations on 125 m grid and find nodes within 
C 500 m of digitized channel locations. Assign recharge (mm/year) 
C associated with that reach to the 125 m grid node. 
read(10,*)rech_new,ndig 
do 310 j=1,ndig 
read(10,*) xx,yy 
distmin=5000. 
do 210 i=1,83054 
xadj=xx 
dist=sqrt((xadj-x(i))*(xadj-x(i))+(yy-y(i))* 
& (yy-y(i))) 
if(dist.lt.500.) then 
rech(i)=rech_new 
endif 
210 continue 
310 continue 
C Write out locations and recharge value (mm/year) for all 
C 125 m grid nodes that have nonzero recharge (for distributed 
C recharge and focused recharge along Fortymile Wash. 
do 40 i=1,83054 
if(rech(i).ne.0.) then 
write(12,99) x(i),y(i),rech(i) 
endif 
40 continue 
99 format(3f15.2) 
C 
end

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-1 October 2001 
ATTACHMENT IV 
DOCUMENTATION OF FOUR xwrite_flow_new.f VERSION 1.0-XXX 
FORTRAN ROUTINES

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-2 October 2001 
ROUTINE IDENTIFICATION 
The routine xwrite_flow_new.f is actually a group of four nearly identical routines that 
differ by only the three lines of code that control the grid size of the output. The version 
designator incorporates the grid size in meters. The four versions are; 1.0-1000, 1.0-500, 
1.0-250, and 1.0-125 for the 1000 m, 500 m, 250 m, and 125 m grid sizes respectively. 
These FORTRAN routines were compiled using the FORTRAN 77 compiler on a Sun 
workstation. 
INPUT AND OUTPUT FILES 
The input for all versions of xwrite_flow_new.f is rech_all_new.txt. This file contains 
the data from the Excel spreadsheet file rech_all_new.xls that has been saved in the text 
file rech_all_new.txt, which has the header lines removed. The output of all versions of 
the routine xwrite_flow_new.f is in a format suitable for input to the flow macro of 
FEHM for specified groundwater mass flux (kg/s). The resolution of the grid nodes in 
the output from the xwrite_flow_new.f routine is specified within the routine. The output 
assumes that grid nodes are numbered sequentially from the southwest corner of the SZ 
site-scale model domain, moving from west to east and south to north. Output files were 
generated for 1000 m, 500 m, 250 m, and 125 m nodal resolutions in the files 
wt_flow_1000.dat, wt_flow_500.dat, wt_flow_250.dat, and wt_flow_125.dat, 
respectively. 
DESCRIPTION 
All versions of this routine begin by reading in the coordinates and value of flux for all 
nodes from the input file rech_all_new.txt that includes information from 
rech_distr_stream.dat (see Attachment III) and from the UZ site-scale flow model (see 
section 6.1.4 of this AMR). The total flux for the output grid as defined by the number of 
nodes in the x direction (nx), number of nodes in the y direction (ny) and the grid spacing 
(delx), is calculated by finding the nearest node in the output grid for each node on the 
input grid, and summing the contribution to each output grid node. This is accomplished 
in the loops ending on line 300. The resolution of the output grid was changed to 
correspond to various resolution grids used in the SZ site-scale flow model by changing 
the values of nx, ny, and delx and recompiling the routine. Finally, the routine writes out 
the values of flux in the format required by the flow macro in the FEHM simulator for 
each node in the loop ending on line 40. 
VALIDATION 
As can be seen from the above description, all versions of the routine xwrite_flow_new.f 
perform two main functions: 1) find the closest node in the output grid to each entry in 
the input file and assign the flux associated with the entry to the identified closest node, 
and 2) sum the values of flux assigned to each node in the output grid. This second task 
is necessary because a node in the output grid can be the node closest to multiple entries

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-3 October 2001 
in the input file. In addition, all versions calculate the node number of each node in the 
output grid and write this number and the associated total flux in a format that can be 
read as input to the FEHM code. Validation will be by inspection of input and output 
files and hand calculation to ensure that locating the nearest node in the output grid and 
summing of flux are occurring correctly. A truncated input file with only two entries will 
be used so that the results can be confirmed by inspection and hand calculation. The 
actual input file has 13,489 entries. The concept of a range of validation is not applicable 
to these routines. The routines all read a single specified input file, perform the 
formatting function and the grid size change/summing function described above, and 
write to one specified output file. This can be confirmed by inspection of the code, which 
is provided in this attachment. The routine is valid for all values on the specified input 
file. 
Input file rech_all_new.txt (truncated) 
The truncated input file was created as follows. First line 12,405 of the full input file was 
copied to the truncated input file. This line was selected because it is at the center of the 
western-most grid cell containing distributed recharge (Figure 6.1.3-2). It is located 
5250 m east and 750 m south of the northwest corner of the grids. Second, an artificial 
entry was created that varies from line 12,405 only in that the coordinates of the original 
entry were shifted by 1 meter to the south and west. This provides a second value of 
recharge to be summed at the same node on the out put grid. 
538590.0 4091030.0 15625.00 5.280 0.002609562 
538589.0 4091029.0 15625.00 5.280 0.002609562 
Output file wt_flow_125.dat 
Each of the grids contains a node in the northwest corner (i.e. at the minimum value of X 
UTM and the maximum value of Y UTM). The offset of the first entry in the input file 
(5250 m east and 750 m south) is divisible by the 125 m spacing of this grid. It is clear 
that a node of the output grid will be located exactly at the location of the input entry. 
Also the second entry, located only about 1.4 m from the first, will have that same node 
as the closest on the output grid. Therefore, the correct result will be an output file 
containing the same location as the first entry of the input file, but with a flux twice the 
value of that entry. 
However the output file gives locations by node number rather than position coordinates. 
The 125 m output grid has 241 columns and 361 rows. Column numbers increase to the 
east and row numbers increase from the south. By inspection of the offset from the 
northwest corner, it is clear that the correct node will be in column 43 and row 355. The 
number of this node can be calculated by hand as : 
(row number 1) number columns + column number 
or 
(355  1) 241 + 43 = 85357

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-4 October 2001 
Consequently the correct result is a single entry in the output file with node number 
85357 and flux equal to two times 0.002609562. 
The entire output file follows. The node number is repeated as the first and second 
columns of the output entry and the flux is the fourth column, as high lighted. To match 
FEHM input convention, this routine reverses the sign on the flux value. 
85357 85357 1 -0.5219E-02 1.00 0.00 
Output file wt_flow_250.dat 
The same reasoning for the location of the nearest node in the 250 m grid holds. The 
node at the same location as the input entry will be in column 22, row 178. There are 121 
columns and 181 rows in this grid. Consequently the correct node number is determined 
by the hand calculation: 
(178  1) 121 + 22 = 21439 
The correct result is a single entry in the output file with node number 85357 and flux 
equal to the negative of two times 0.002609562. The entire output file follows. 
21439 21439 1 -0.5219E-02 1.00 0.00 
Output file wt_flow_500.dat 
The validation of this version differs in that the offset of the location in the input file is 
not divisible by 500m. By inspection the closest node in the output grid will have an 
offset from the northwest corner of 5000 m east and 1000 m south. This node is in 
column 11, row 89. There are 61 columns and 91 rows in this grid. Consequently the 
correct node number is determined by the hand calculation: 
(89  1) 61 + 11 = 5379 
The correct result is a single entry in the output file with node number 5379 and flux 
equal to the negative of two times 0.002609562. The entire output file follows. 
5379 5379 1 -0.5219E-02 1.00 0.00 
Output file wt_flow_1000.dat 
The closest point on the 1000 m grid is the same as that on the 500m grid. This node is in 
column 6, row 45. There are 31 columns and 46 rows in this grid. Consequently the 
correct node number is determined by the hand calculation: 
(45  1) 31 + 6 = 1370 
The correct result is a single entry in the output file with node number 1370 and flux 
equal to the negative of two times 0.002609562. The entire output file follows.

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-5 October 2001 
1370 1370 1 -0.5219E-02 1.00 0.00 
CODE LISTING FOR VERSION 1.0-1000 
program xwrite_flow_new 
C
C This program reads in the file containing the spatial distribution 
C of estimated recharge which combines distributed recharge, focused 
C recharge, and recharge from the area of the UZ site-scale model. 
C This program also loops through a regular grid and sums up the 
C groundwater mass flux (kg/s) for each grid node. Note that the 
C grid node spacing is defined by the delx parameter below and the 
C number of nodes in the x and y directions by the parameters nx 
C and ny. To generate output at different nodal spacings the values 
C of delx, nx, and ny must be changed accordingly and the code must 
C be recompiled. The output file from this routine is in the 
C format required by the "flow" macro in FEHM for specified flux. 
C The node numbering in the output file assumes that nodes are 
C numbered sequentially from the southwest corner of the grid, 
C begining with node number 1 and cycling west to east and south 
C to north. 
dimension totflux(100000) 
open(file='rech_all_new.txt',unit=10,status='old') 
open(file='wt_flow.dat',unit=12,status='new') 
xmin=533340. 
xmax=563340. 
ymin=4046780. 
ymax=4091780. 
delx=1000. 
nx=31 
ny=46 
do 300 j=1,13489 
read(10,*) xx,yy,stuff1,stuff2,flux 
distmin=5000. 
do 200 i=2,ny-1 
do 200 ii=2,nx-1 
x=(ii-1)*delx+xmin 
y=(i-1)*delx+ymin 
nnode=(i-1)*nx+ii 
dist=sqrt((xx-x)*(xx-x)+(yy-y)* 
& (yy-y)) 
if(dist.lt.distmin) then 
distmin=dist 
imin=nnode 
endif 
200 continue 
totflux(imin)=totflux(imin)+flux 
300 continue

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-6 October 2001 
do 40 j=2,ny-1 
do 40 i=2,nx-1 
nn=((j-1)*nx)+i 
if(totflux(nn).ne.0.) then 
write(12,99) nn,nn,1,-1*totflux(nn),1.,0. 
endif 
40 continue 
99 format(3i6,e12.4,2f10.2) 
C 
end 
CODE LISTING FOR VERSION 1.0-500 
program xwrite_flow_new 
C
C This program reads in the file containing the spatial distribution 
C of estimated recharge which combines distributed recharge, focused 
C recharge, and recharge from the area of the UZ site-scale model. 
C This program also loops through a regular grid and sums up the 
C groundwater mass flux (kg/s) for each grid node. Note that the 
C grid node spacing is defined by the delx parameter below and the 
C number of nodes in the x and y directions by the parameters nx 
C and ny. To generate output at different nodal spacings the values 
C of delx, nx, and ny must be changed accordingly and the code must 
C be recompiled. The output file from this routine is in the 
C format required by the "flow" macro in FEHM for specified flux. 
C The node numbering in the output file assumes that nodes are 
C numbered sequentially from the southwest corner of the grid, 
C begining with node number 1 and cycling west to east and south 
C to north. 
dimension totflux(100000) 
open(file='rech_all_new.txt',unit=10,status='old') 
open(file='wt_flow.dat',unit=12,status='new') 
xmin=533340. 
xmax=563340. 
ymin=4046780. 
ymax=4091780. 
delx=500. 
nx=61 
ny=91 
do 300 j=1,13489 
read(10,*) xx,yy,stuff1,stuff2,flux 
distmin=5000. 
do 200 i=2,ny-1 
do 200 ii=2,nx-1

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-7 October 2001 
x=(ii-1)*delx+xmin 
y=(i-1)*delx+ymin 
nnode=(i-1)*nx+ii 
dist=sqrt((xx-x)*(xx-x)+(yy-y)* 
& (yy-y)) 
if(dist.lt.distmin) then 
distmin=dist 
imin=nnode 
endif 
200 continue 
totflux(imin)=totflux(imin)+flux 
300 continue 
do 40 j=2,ny-1 
do 40 i=2,nx-1 
nn=((j-1)*nx)+i 
if(totflux(nn).ne.0.) then 
write(12,99) nn,nn,1,-1*totflux(nn),1.,0. 
endif 
40 continue 
99 format(3i6,e12.4,2f10.2) 
C 
end 
CODE LISTING FOR VERSION 1.0-250 
program xwrite_flow_new 
C
C This program reads in the file containing the spatial distribution 
C of estimated recharge which combines distributed recharge, focused 
C recharge, and recharge from the area of the UZ site-scale model. 
C This program also loops through a regular grid and sums up the 
C groundwater mass flux (kg/s) for each grid node. Note that the 
C grid node spacing is defined by the delx parameter below and the 
C number of nodes in the x and y directions by the parameters nx 
C and ny. To generate output at different nodal spacings the values 
C of delx, nx, and ny must be changed accordingly and the code must 
C be recompiled. The output file from this routine is in the 
C format required by the "flow" macro in FEHM for specified flux. 
C The node numbering in the output file assumes that nodes are 
C numbered sequentially from the southwest corner of the grid, 
C begining with node number 1 and cycling west to east and south 
C to north. 
dimension totflux(100000) 
open(file='rech_all_new.txt',unit=10,status='old')

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-8 October 2001 
open(file='wt_flow.dat',unit=12,status='new') 
xmin=533340. 
xmax=563340. 
ymin=4046780. 
ymax=4091780. 
delx=250. 
nx=121 
ny=181 
do 300 j=1,13489 
read(10,*) xx,yy,stuff1,stuff2,flux 
distmin=5000. 
do 200 i=2,ny-1 
do 200 ii=2,nx-1 
x=(ii-1)*delx+xmin 
y=(i-1)*delx+ymin 
nnode=(i-1)*nx+ii 
dist=sqrt((xx-x)*(xx-x)+(yy-y)* 
& (yy-y)) 
if(dist.lt.distmin) then 
distmin=dist 
imin=nnode 
endif 
200 continue 
totflux(imin)=totflux(imin)+flux 
300 continue 
do 40 j=2,ny-1 
do 40 i=2,nx-1 
nn=((j-1)*nx)+i 
if(totflux(nn).ne.0.) then 
write(12,99) nn,nn,1,-1*totflux(nn),1.,0. 
endif 
40 continue 
99 format(3i6,e12.4,2f10.2) 
C 
end 
CODE LISTING FOR VERSION 1.0-125 
program xwrite_flow_new 
C
C This program reads in the file containing the spatial distribution 
C of estimated recharge which combines distributed recharge, focused 
C recharge, and recharge from the area of the UZ site-scale model. 
C This program also loops through a regular grid and sums up the

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-9 October 2001 
C groundwater mass flux (kg/s) for each grid node. Note that the 
C grid node spacing is defined by the delx parameter below and the 
C number of nodes in the x and y directions by the parameters nx 
C and ny. To generate output at different nodal spacings the values 
C of delx, nx, and ny must be changed accordingly and the code must 
C be recompiled. The output file from this routine is in the 
C format required by the "flow" macro in FEHM for specified flux. 
C The node numbering in the output file assumes that nodes are 
C numbered sequentially from the southwest corner of the grid, 
C begining with node number 1 and cycling west to east and south 
C to north. 
dimension totflux(100000) 
open(file='rech_all_new.txt',unit=10,status='old') 
open(file='wt_flow.dat',unit=12,status='new') 
xmin=533340. 
xmax=563340. 
ymin=4046780. 
ymax=4091780. 
delx=125. 
nx=241 
ny=361 
do 300 j=1,13489 
read(10,*) xx,yy,stuff1,stuff2,flux 
distmin=5000. 
do 200 i=2,ny-1 
do 200 ii=2,nx-1 
x=(ii-1)*delx+xmin 
y=(i-1)*delx+ymin 
nnode=(i-1)*nx+ii 
dist=sqrt((xx-x)*(xx-x)+(yy-y)* 
& (yy-y)) 
if(dist.lt.distmin) then 
distmin=dist 
imin=nnode 
endif 
200 continue 
totflux(imin)=totflux(imin)+flux 
300 continue 
do 40 j=2,ny-1 
do 40 i=2,nx-1 
nn=((j-1)*nx)+i 
if(totflux(nn).ne.0.) then 
write(12,99) nn,nn,1,-1*totflux(nn),1.,0. 
endif 
40 continue

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-10 October 2001 
99 format(3i6,e12.4,2f10.2) 
C 
end

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 V-1 October 2001 
ATTACHMENT V 
DOCUMENTATION OF THE extract.f VERSION 1.0 FORTRAN ROUTINE

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 V-2 October 2001 
ROUTINE IDENTIFICATION 
The routine extract.f is at version 1.0. This is a FORTRAN routine that was compiled 
using the FORTRAN 77 compiler on a Sun workstation. 
INPUT AND OUTPUT FILES 
The input file for extract.f v. 1.0 is cbcf.new which is an unformatted output file from 
MODFLOWP containing flow terms. The routine writes the flow terms along each 
boundary of the SZ site-scale model to four separate output files named west_bdy, 
east_bdy, north_bdy, and south_bdy. A fifth output file named headers is also written. 
The headers file contains an echo of the header line for each of the four data arrays. 
DESCRIPTION 
This routine first reads a header line (first read statement) and then a block of data 
(second read statement). This first block of data is not used. This process is repeated 
three times (next six read statements). The final three blocks of data contain the values of 
fluxes across the right, front, and lower face of each model cell, respectively. 
Values of flux across the right faces are written to output files along column 62 (loop 
ending at statement number 20), and along column 82 (loop ending at statement number 
40). Values of flux across the front faces are written to output files along row 65 (loop 
ending at statement number 60), and along row 95 (loop ending at statement number 80). 
The sign of flux is reversed in loops ending in statements 40 and 60 so that, in the output 
files, flux into the model domain has a positive sign. 
VALIDATION 
As can be seen from the above description, the routine extract.f performs three functions. 
It reads flux terms from a binary input file, writes values along selected rows and 
columns that correspond to the boundaries of the site-scale model, and performs a sign 
reversal function for the east and south boundaries so that all lateral flows into the model 
domain are positive and all lateral flows out of the model domain are negative. 
Validation by inspecting excerpts of input and output files is not possible because the 
input file is binary. Any routine used to generate or display a non-binary version of the 
input file would be essentially the same as this routine. Instead validation was achieved 
by two methods. First, by detailed inspection of the source code to ensure that 
information from the correct rows and columns was being extracted from the input file, 
and second by checking that the distribution of flux values corresponds correctly to 
known rock properties during calibration of the site-scale model. Both of these methods 
demonstrated that the code was performing correctly. 
The concept of a range of validation is not applicable to this routine. The routine reads a 
single specified input file, performs the extraction and sign reversal functions described

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 V-3 October 2001 
above, and writes to the four specified boundary output files, plus the header file. This 
can be confirmed by inspection of the code, which is provided in this attachment. The 
routine is valid for all values on the input file. 
CODE LISTING 
program extract 
c
c T. Corbet 
c 5 May 1999 
c
c This program extracts cell-by-cell flow values from a 
c Modflowp binary output file (cbcf.new). This output 
c file was generated by running the executable and input 
c files contained in the Technical Data Management 
c System DTN GS960808312144.003 for the USGS 1997 
c flow model of the Death Valley regional ground-water 
c flow system. The flow terms extracted are for the 
c latteral boundaries of the site-scale model. The 
c following values are extracted: 
c west boundary: east (right) face of column 62 for rows 66-95 
c east boundary: east (right) face of column 82 for rows 66-95 
c north boundary: south (front) face of row 65 for columns 63-82 
c south boundary: south (front) face of row 95 for columns 63-82 
c
c The Modflowp output is written in arrays dimensioned 
c (number columns, number rows, number layers) or 
c (153,163,3). Four arrarys are in the file. The first 
c records flows due to constant head nodes and is read 
c but not written by this program. The next three arrays contain 
c flows across the right (xcomp), front (ycomp), and lower (zcomp) 
c faces of each model cell,respectively. Values for flow 
c across the lower face are also read but not written. 
c
c Values are for volumetric flows with units of cubic meters per 
day. 
c
c This program reads the unformatted file cbcf.new and 
c writes to formatted files west_bdy, east_bdy, north_bdy, 
c south_bdy, and headers. The headers file contains an 
c echo of the header line for each of the four data 
c arrays. 
c
c Modflowp writes flows such that positive values are in 
c the direction of increasing index value, i.e positive 
c to the east (right), south (front), and downward. 
c This progarm reverses the sign for flows on the east 
c and south boundaries so that flows into the 
c site-scale domain are positive inward on all 
c boundaries. 
c 
character*4 text 
character*4 textx

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 V-4 October 2001 
character*4 texty 
character*4 textz 
c 
dimension text(4) 
dimension textx(4) 
dimension texty(4) 
dimension textz(4) 
dimension dummy(153,163,3) 
dimension xcomp(153,163,3),ycomp(153,163,3),zcomp(153,163,3) 
c 
open (10,file='cbcf.new',status='old',form='unformatted') 
open (11,file='west_bdy',status='unknown') 
open (12,file='east_bdy',status='unknown') 
open (13,file='north_bdy',status='unknown') 
open (14,file='south_bdy',status='unknown') 
open (15,file='headers',status='unknown') 
c
c read Modflowp cell-by-cell flow terms from binary file 
read (10) kstp,kper,text,ncol,nrow,nlay 
read (10) dummy 
read (10) kstpx,kperx,textx,ncolx,nrowx,nlayx 
read (10) xcomp 
read (10) kstpy,kpery,texty,ncoly,nrowy,nlayy 
read (10) ycomp 
read (10) kstpz,kperz,textz,ncolz,nrowz,nlayz 
read (10) zcomp 
c
c echo header information 
write (15,*) kstp,kper,text,ncol,nrow,nlay 
write (15,*) kstpx,kperx,textx,ncolx,nrowx,nlayx 
write (15,*) kstpy,kpery,texty,ncoly,nrowy,nlayy 
write (15,*) kstpz,kperz,textz,ncolz,nrowz,nlayz 
c
c write new headers 
write (11,*) ' col row layer1 layer2 layer3' 
write (12,*) ' col row layer1 layer2 layer3' 
write (13,*) ' col row layer1 layer2 layer3' 
write (14,*) ' col row layer1 layer2 layer3' 
c
c extract flows on west boundary 
i=62 
do 20 j=66,95 
write (11,1) i,j,(xcomp(i,j,k), k=1,3) 
20 continue 
c
c extract flows on east boundary, reverse sign 
i=82 
do 40 j=66,95 
write (12,1) i,j,(-xcomp(i,j,k), k=1,3) 
40 continue 
c
c extract flows on north boundary 
j=65 
do 60 i=63,82 
write (13,1) i,j,(ycomp(i,j,k), k=1,3)

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 V-5 October 2001 
60 continue 
c
c extract flows on south boundary, reverse sign 
j=95 
do 80 i=63,82 
write (14,1) i,j,(-ycomp(i,j,k), k=1,3) 
80 continue 
c 
1 format (2i5,3f12.4) 
c 
stop 
end

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VI-1 October 2001 
ATTACHMENT VI 
DOCUMENTATION OF THE Corpscon VERSION 5.11 ROUTINE

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VI-2 October 2001 
ROUTINE IDENTIFICATION 
The Corpscon routine used in the AMR is at version 5.11. It is a public domain routine 
developed by and available through the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. 
DESCRIPTION 
The Corpscon Windows-based routine is for performing simple geographical coordinate 
conversions from state plane coordinates to UTM coordinates. The routine is considered 
to be exempt software since its only function is to perform coordinate conversions in a 
manner analogous to a hand calculator performing metric to English conversions. The 
executable file and supporting files for this routine are contained in the electronic archive 
for this report in the TDMS (DTN SN9908T0581999.001). 
VALIDATION 
Though the Corpscon routine is considered exempt, it was deemed prudent to check the 
accuracy of the routine in the Yucca Mountain area. For the purpose of this AMR, an 
agreement to within one meter (1.0 m) between the results of Corpscon and published 
values was considered acceptable. Validation is performed by using the routine to 
calculate the UTM coordinates for some example locations, given the coordinates in the 
Nevada State Plane coordinate system. The results are compared to published values of 
the UTM coordinates for those example locations. The example locations used in the 
validation are for borehole locations taken from the Yucca Mountain Project 
Geographical Information database. The coordinates of the boreholes in the Nevada 
State Plane coordinate system used to validate the Corpscon routine are contained in a 
table (DTN MO9906GPS98410.000, file bores2.xls) and the coordinates of the same 
boreholes in the UTM system are contained in another table (DOE 1997, Table YMP97- 
05-04). The results of the validation exercise are shown in Table VI-1. 
Table VI-1. Validation Results for the Corpscon Software Routine. 
Borehole 
Identifier 
Nevada State 
Plane 
Northing (ft) a 
Nevada State 
Plane 
Easting (ft) a 
UTM 
Northing 
(m) b 
UTM 
Easting 
(m) b 
UTM 
Northing (m) 
(Corpscon) 
UTM 
Easting (m) 
(Corpscon) 
WT-10 748771.56 553302.31 4073388.6 545976.0 4073388.8 545976.1 
WT-12 739726.69 567011.81 4070647.0 550162.9 4070647.2 550163.1 
WT-14 761651.38 575210.19 4077336.5 552638.0 4077336.7 552638.0 
WT-15 766117.00 579806.25 4078702.2 554033.6 4078702.4 554033.8 
a Source: DTN: MO9906GPS98410.000. 
b Source: DOE 1997, Table YMP97-05-04. 
Comparison of the UTM coordinate values from the published source (DOE 1997, Table 
YMP97-05-04) and from the Corpscon routine indicates a maximum discrepancy of 0.2

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VI-3 October 2001 
m. This degree of accuracy is well within the 1.0 m acceptance criterion and is therefore 
sufficient for the application of the routine in this analysis.

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-1 October 2001 
ATTACHMENT VII 
INTERNAL QUALIFICATION OF THE DEATH VALLEY REGIONAL 
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODEL

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-2 October 2001 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 
This Internal Data Qualification Report uses technical assessment methods to evaluate 
the appropriateness of unqualified inputs and outputs from the Death Valley regional 
groundwater flow model (DAgnese et al. 1997) for use in Analysis/Model Report S0010, 
Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone 
Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, ANL-NBS-MD-000010 (CRWMS M&0 1999b). 
This qualification report was prepared as an attachment to this document in conformance 
with AP-3.10Q, Rev. 2, ICN 4, ECN 1, Analyses and Models. The Death Valley regional 
groundwater flow model was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey and has been 
published by the U.S. Geological Survey as a Water Resources Investigations Report. 
Inputs to the regional model were used to identify groundwater recharge across the upper 
surface of the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Projects saturated zone site-scale 
flow and transport model, and outputs from the regional model were used to identify 
groundwater flow across the lateral boundaries of the site-scale model. 
The Data Qualification Team found the Death Valley regional flow model database to be 
well researched, the model to be appropriately constructed, and the resulting output to 
provide a reasonable simulation of regional groundwater flow. Several approaches to 
estimating recharge from precipitation were evaluated by the regional models authors 
before deciding on a modification of an empirical relationship developed by Maxey and 
Eakin (1950). Shortcomings of other, more recent techniques were identified, 
particularly for application to desert areas where small amounts of recharge were ignored. 
Within the area of the saturated zone site-scale model, the recharge fluxes from the 
regional model are consistent with similar magnitude fluxes independently estimated 
from the unsaturated zone flow model and from focused recharge from Fortymile Wash. 
The Maxey-Eakin method is widely used and accepted by the technical community and is 
appropriate for use in the regional model. 
The effective residual between actual and simulated heads was determined to be 45 m for 
most wells in the regional model. The Data Qualification Team considers this overall 
goodness-of-fit to be not good but acceptable. Because the goodness-of-fit is a measure 
of the models accuracy, a degree of uncertainty must be associated with the regional 
model outputs used to identify lateral flux boundary conditions for the site-scale model. 
These uncertainties were adequately addressed by using the regional model fluxes not as 
absolute values but as targets during site-scale model calibration. 
The Data Qualification Team has concluded that the Death Valley regional flow model 
provides a qualified source of data for establishing recharge and lateral flux boundary 
conditions for the saturated zone site-scale flow and transport model. In accordance with 
AP-3.10Q, this finding qualifies these data only for their intended uses in this document. 
The regional models source DTN GS960808312144.003 will remain unqualified for 
other uses.

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-3 October 2001 
CONTENTS 
Pages 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................VII-2 
VII-1. INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................VII-4 
VII-1.1 PURPOSE.............................................................................................VII-4 
VII-1.2 SCOPE..................................................................................................VII-4 
VII-1.3 DATA QUALIFICATION TEAM.......................................................VII-5 
VII-1.4 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................VII-5 
VII-2. QUALIFICATION APPROACH..................................................................VII-6 
VII-2.1 QUALIFICATION METHODS...........................................................VII-6 
VII-2.2 EVALUATION CRITERIA .................................................................VII-7 
VII-3. EVALUATION RESULTS ...........................................................................VII-7 
VII-3.1 INPUT DATABASE ............................................................................VII-7 
VII-3.1.1 Discharge Component...........................................................................VII-8 
VII-3.1.2 Recharge Component............................................................................VII-8 
VII-3.1.3 Regional Hydrogeologic Framework..................................................VII-10 
VII-3.1.4 Regional Groundwater Movement......................................................VII-11 
VII-3.1.5 Discussion ...........................................................................................VII-11 
VII-3.2 CODE SELECTION AND MODEL DEVELOPMENT ...................VII-12 
VII-3.3 MODEL OUTPUT..............................................................................VII-13 
VII-3.4 SUMMARY OF EVALUATION RESULTS ....................................VII-16 
VII-4. EVALUATION CONCLUSIONS...............................................................VII-17 
VII-5. RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................VII-18 
TABLES 
Pages 
Table VII-1. Unqualified DTN Considered in this Attachment ...................................VII-5

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-4 October 2001 
VII-1. INTRODUCTION 
VII-1.1 PURPOSE 
This Internal Data Qualification Report evaluates the appropriateness of unqualified 
inputs and outputs from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) flow model of the Death 
Valley regional groundwater system for use in this Analysis/Model Report (AMR), 
Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone 
Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, ANL-NBS-MD-000010, Rev. 00 (CRWMS M&O 
1999b). This qualification report also evaluates the methods used in this AMR to 
develop boundary conditions from the regional modeling results. 
The regional model was developed in part to support site-scale modeling for the Yucca 
Mountain Site Characterization Project (YMP). Inputs to the regional model were used 
in this AMR to identify groundwater recharge across the upper surface of the site-scale 
model and outputs from the regional model were used to identify groundwater flow 
across the lateral boundaries of the site-scale model. This evaluation was performed in 
accordance with the internal data qualification requirements of AP-3.10Q, Rev. 2, ICN 4, 
ECN 1, Analyses and Models. A limited finding that the regional model is internally 
qualified means that it is qualified to support the Site Recommendation and may also be 
used to support the License Application, but only for the uses made in this AMR. The 
appropriateness and limitations of the data with respect to intended use are addressed in 
this attachment. 
In accordance with Attachment 1 of AP-3.15Q, Rev. 3, Managing Technical Product 
Inputs, it has been determined that the unqualified data evaluated in this attachment are 
not used in the direct calculation of Principal Factors for postclosure safety or disruptive 
events. Therefore, in accordance with AP-SIII.2Q, Rev. 0, ICN 3, Qualification of 
Unqualified Data and the Documentation of Rationale for Accepted Data, Section 5.1.1, 
concurrence by the U.S. Department of Energy Assistant Manager, Office of Project 
Execution, is not required. 
VII-1.2 SCOPE 
This attachment was prepared according to the internal data qualification plan presented 
in Addendum N of the Technical Work Plan for Saturated Zone Flow and Transport 
Modeling and Testing (BSC 2001c). The Internal Data Qualification Plan identifies one 
data tracking number (DTN GS960808312144.003) containing unqualified, developed 
hydrogeological data associated with the Death Valley regional groundwater flow model. 
This DTN is identified in Table VII-1. These data consist of the groundwater flow model 
and its input database. The model and database are archived in the YMPs Model 
Warehouse directory GS960808312144.003/milrep/finalmod/ and can be accessed 
through the aforementioned DTN. The USGS WRIR 96-4300, Hydrogeologic 
Evaluation and Numerical Simulation of the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow 
System, Nevada and California (DAgnese et al. 1997), is cited in the Model Warehouse 
Dataset as providing information on the model.

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-5 October 2001 
Table VII-1. Unqualified DTN Considered in this Attachment 
DTN Title 
GS960808312144.003 Hydrogeologic Evaluation and Numerical Simulation of the Death 
Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California, 
Using Geoscientific Information Systems. 
DTN GS960808312144.003 is unqualified because it contains data collected prior to 
implementation of a YMP-approved USGS quality assurance program. In addition to the 
recharge and lateral flow data used in this AMR, the data set contains other information 
that was not directly used in the AMR and is not within the scope of this qualification 
activity. This qualification report focuses on the specific data selected to support the 
saturated zone site-scale groundwater flow model in this AMR. To the extent that only 
subsets of data within this DTN were used, only those data are evaluated for 
qualification. 
VII-1.3 DATA QUALIFICATION TEAM 
Chairperson. The Chairperson for this internal data qualification, Bill Arnold, is the 
originator of this AMR. 
Team Member. The team member for this internal data qualification, Jan Bostelman, is 
the checker for the ICN to this AMR. 
VII-1.4 BACKGROUND 
Development of the data from DTN GS960808312144.003 that were used in this AMR 
is described in USGS WRIR 96-4300, Hydrogeologic Evaluation and Numerical 
Simulation of the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and 
California (DAgnese et al. 1997). Although the regional groundwater flow model is 
unqualified because its database does not fully meet the YMP quality assurance 
requirements, the model construction and review were performed in accordance with 
YMP quality assurance procedures, the model was developed and reviewed in accordance 
with USGS policy, and the model results were formally published in a WRIR after 
receiving the USGS Directors approval (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 4). 
The domain of the YMP saturated zone site-scale flow and transport model lies entirely 
within the larger domain of the regional flow model. Three sources of information were 
used in this AMR to develop estimates of groundwater recharge across the upper surface 
of the site-scale model. The first of these was the regional models input database, which 
contains estimates of recharge across the entire Death Valley region including the area of 
the site-scale model. The second information source for recharge was the flow across the 
lower, water table boundary of the YMP unsaturated zone site-scale flow model. The 
domain of the unsaturated zone site-scale model lies entirely within the larger domain of 
the saturated zone site-scale model. Within the unsaturated zone model domain, recharge

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-6 October 2001 
from the unsaturated zone model replaces recharge from the regional model. The third 
information source was a USGS WRIR that provided an estimate of focused recharge 
along Fortymile Wash (Savard 1998). Within the area of Fortymile Wash, recharge to 
the saturated zone site-scale model is equal to the estimated recharge from flow in the 
wash. Only the first of these data sources, the regional model, is addressed in this 
attachment. Outflow from the unsaturated zone model is technical product output, and 
the estimates of recharge from Fortymile Wash have been separately qualified (BSC 
2001a). 
Output from the regional model was used in this AMR to develop estimates of 
groundwater flow across the lateral boundaries of the saturated zone site-scale model. 
The AMR uses a nested model approach, where uncertainties in boundary conditions for 
the smaller model are reduced by developing them from internal flow patterns calculated 
within a larger model. The increased precision and accuracy required in a site-specific 
study, such as at Yucca Mountain, requires fine gridding. To increase computational 
efficiency, the site model is reduced in size with the consequence that the model 
boundaries are often not optimally located where groundwater flow conditions are well 
understood. To increase the accuracy of the assigned boundary conditions, it is common 
to develop them from a larger, coarser gridded model that allows boundaries to be more 
optimally located, for example, at groundwater divides. This is the process followed in 
this AMR by using the regional model to develop boundary conditions for the saturated 
zone site-scale model. 
VII-2. QUALIFICATION APPROACH 
VII-2.1 QUALIFICATION METHODS 
The regional model is unqualified because its input data are unqualified. The regional 
hydrologic and geologic data required for the model were collected outside the YMP 
because no other data were available (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 4). However, model 
construction and review were performed in accordance with accepted YMP quality 
assurance procedures and USGS policy (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 4). In view of these 
conditions and the essentially unique status of the model in depicting regional 
groundwater flow, the data were evaluated for their intended use in this AMR by 
technical assessment. 
An evaluation was performed of the appropriateness and accuracy of the methods used by 
the USGS to develop the regional model inputs and outputs used in this AMR. Technical 
assessments focused on the methodology used to prepare the model inputs and perform 
the modeling. The assessments also considered the appropriateness of the model results 
for the applied uses in this AMR and the accuracy requirements associated with those 
uses. Because the modeling was performed on a regional basis in an area with unevenly 
distributed data and complex hydrogeology, the modeling results were expected to be

Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and 
Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 
ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-7 October 2001 
approximate. Such results can be appropriately used so long as consideration is given to 
limitations on their accuracy, precision, and representativeness for an intended use. 
VII-2.2 EVALUATION CRITERIA 
Evaluation Criteria: The unqualified data were evaluated for use in this document based 
on consideration of the following evaluation criteria. These criteria were selected to 
incorporate the considerations in AP-SIII.2Q, Attachment 2, the applicable qualification 
process attributes listed in AP-SIII.2Q, Attachment 3, and the data-specific 
considerations identified in Section VII-3. 
1. Are the methods used to develop the Death Valley regional groundwater model 
reasonable and generally accepted by the technical community? 
2. Are the methods used in this AMR to develop boundary conditions from the regional 
modeling results reasonable and generally accepted by the technical community? 
3. Are there more appropriate sources of information for developing the boundary 
conditions required in this AMR? 
4. Are the boundary condition data and their associated uncertainties acceptable for their 
intended use? 
Recommendation Criteria: A recommendation for internal qualification is based on the 
satisfactory resolution of the evaluation criteria. Although these criteria are considered in 
determining whether the data are appropriate for their intended use in this AMR, the final 
conclusions of the Data Qualification Team are based on a preponderance of evidence, 
and not all of the evaluation criteria may be applied. 
VII-3. EVALUATION RESULTS 
A technical assessment of the Death Valley regional flow model (DAgnese et al. 1997) 
was performed by evaluating the approach used to develop the model's input database, 
the code selection and model development processes, and the assessment of the model 
output. Each of these elements of the review is discussed in the following sections of this 
attachment. 
VII-3.1 INPUT DATABASE 
The methods used to compile the regional models input database were reviewed with 
special emphasis on the recharge data that were directly used in this AMR. The model 
was constructed using methods that have been widely accepted within the technical 
community. The model was based primarily on existing data, accompanied by extensive 
analysis and synthesis. In compiling the input database, heavy reliance was placed on the 
USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) database and on formal USGS 
publications, such as Professional Papers, Water Resources Investigations Reports, and 
Water Supply Papers. These are considered accepted data sources by the YMP. 
Accepted data from NWIS include data collected before May 27, 1986, as well as data 
collected after that date that were not funded through the YMP (Mellington 2001).

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Accepted data from formal USGS publications include data collected prior to May 3, 
1989, as well as data collected after that date that were not collected as part of site 
characterization activities for the YMP (Mellington 2000). 
New methods of storage, retrieval, and analysis of the complex input database were used 
that take advantage of recent advances in the technology of Geoscientific Information 
Systems (GSIS). Emphasis on the input database focused on identifying regional 
discharge, recharge including interbasin flows, the regional hydrogeologic framework, 
and the regional patterns of groundwater movement. 
VII-3.1.1 Discharge Component 
The discharge component of groundwater movement within the region was quantified by 
measuring spring flows, estimating evapotranspiration by phreatophytes and wet playas, 
and estimating groundwater pumping (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 43). The greatest 
discharges were found to be evaporation from wet playas and evapotranspiration by 
plants. Detailed maps of the distributions of specific phreatophytes were developed for 
this study that included all areas in the region where significant groundwater discharges 
may occur from vegetation or moist, bare soil. Springs that discharge from the regional 
groundwater flow system were included in this study (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 44). 
These springs typically emerge from the valley fill and carbonate aquifer at low 
elevations along the borders or on the floor of some valleys. Groundwater pumping was 
estimated based on average annual consumptive use for the various commercial, 
irrigation, mining, and domestic applications in the region. These average rates were 
assumed based on best estimate information and were believed to offer the best available 
data on pumping rates (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 47). 
VII-3.1.2 Recharge Component 
The recharge component of groundwater movement was quantified from precipitation 
data and estimates of interbasin flows at the model boundaries. Because of the 
uncertainty in some significant elements of the water balance, such as evapotranspiration 
rates and interbasin flows, the smaller contributions of surface water runoff and irrigation 
return flows were ignored in the study. Several approaches to estimating recharge from 
precipitation were evaluated by DAgnese et al. (1997) before deciding on a modification 
of an empirical relationship developed by Maxey and Eakin (1950). Shortcomings of 
other, more recent techniques were discussed, particularly for application to desert areas 
where small amounts of recharge, such as the amount that probably occurs at Yucca 
Mountain, were ignored (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 51). Although acknowledged to 
provide an empirical estimate, the Maxey-Eakin method is widely used and accepted by 
the technical community and was also used in preparing the YMP AMR, Simulation of 
Net Infiltration for Modern and Potential Future Climates (USGS 2000). 
The Maxey-Eakin method was modified in the regional model to make it more sensitive 
to the four critical potential recharge indicators within the region: altitude, slope-aspect, 
relative rock and soil permeability, and vegetation (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 52).

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Regional maps were prepared for each of these indicators and the recharge potential for 
each area was classified on a six-point scale. The four maps were then overlaid to 
produce a single map that combined the recharge ratings and a final recharge database, 
reclassified into six zones, was prepared. As with the Maxey-Eakin method, these 
recharge potential classes were assigned distinctive percentages of mean annual 
precipitation that are expected to contribute to recharge. Within the study area, these 
percentages ranged from zero in areas of no (or very low) recharge potential to 30 percent 
in areas of highest potential. 
The accuracy and suitability of the refined Maxey-Eakin method were evaluated by 
DAgnese et al. (1997, p. 55). The locations of low-temperature springs (indicative of 
shallow groundwater flow) were compared with uphill area recharge potentials. Areas 
uphill from low temperature springs, regardless of altitude, were found to coincide with 
predicted regional recharge areas. Also, because of the vegetation constraints imposed, 
all predicted recharge areas were restricted to zones classified as either coniferous forests, 
pinon-juniper woodlands, or mixed transition shrublands. The suitability of the method 
was also evaluated by comparing total recharge volumes in individual hydrographic 
basins with those estimated in previous investigations. Generally higher rates were 
estimated for the regional model in higher elevation basins and generally lower rates 
were estimated in the central and southern parts of the region. Overall, the DAgnese et 
al. (1997, p. 55) estimates were 30 percent higher than if the unmodified Maxey-Eakin 
method had been used. Reasons forwarded for this difference include a slightly higher 
estimated average annual rainfall, greater recharge potential in high elevation areas than 
previously estimated, and a reduced accuracy of the Maxey-Eakin method outside the 
area of the northern Great Basin where the empirical relationships of Maxey and Eakin 
(1950) were developed (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 55). DAgnese et al. (1997, p. 55) 
conclude that while the prepared maps may not exactly describe recharge locations on a 
local scale, they appear to be appropriate for delineating large-scale zones of recharge. 
They note, however, that even with the better defined potential recharge areas, the rates 
are still based on empirical estimates rather than actual measurements and reflect a 
significant unknown flux in the regional modeling (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 55). 
The recharge fluxes from the regional model are consistent with similar magnitude fluxes 
independently estimated from the unsaturated zone site-scale flow model and from the 
focused recharge from Fortymile Wash. This consistency is illustrated in Figure 6.1.3-2 
of this AMR, which shows recharge rates from all three sources on the same map. The 
correlation between topography and recharge is similar in the regional and the 
unsaturated zone models, both of which show decreasing recharge with decreasing 
elevations to the south. The magnitudes of recharge are also similar, although the range 
of values is larger at the more-refined site- scale. Figure 6.1.2-1 shows localized regions 
within the domain of the UZ site-scale model in which simulated recharge exceeds 
20 mm/year. Simulated values approach 100 mm/year in several model cells and the 
maximum value is 729 mm/year.

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The more refined site-scale and Fortymile Wash analyses supplement the coarser, 
regional-scale analysis. The regional model focuses on broad topographical and vegetal 
considerations. It does not account for the refined topography of Yucca Mountain 
captured in the site-scale model, nor does it specifically account for localized recharge 
from runoff in Fortymile Wash. Although residual uncertainties affect all three sources 
of recharge data, the total recharge mass flux of about 49 kg/s into the saturated zone sitescale 
flow and transport model is small compared to the total mass flux of about 870 kg/s 
calculated for the lateral boundaries of the model. Residual uncertainties in the recharge 
will therefore have relatively little impact on the overall modeling results. The recharge 
data developed from the regional model input files were directly used in the saturated 
zone site-scale flow and transport model but were redistributed prior to use to avoid 
artificially high heads in areas of high recharge rates (CRWMS M&O 2000, Section 
6.1.4). Beneath the potential repository site, where vertical seepage may be an important 
transport mechanism for migrating radionuclides, the recharge is comprehensively 
defined and integrated into the upper boundary of the saturated zone site-scale flow and 
transport model. 
Although lateral flow is expected across all boundaries of the saturated zone site-scale 
flow model, most lateral boundaries of the regional model are located where no 
groundwater flow occurs. Most of these boundaries result from the presence of lowpermeability 
bedrock. Interbasin flows occur where the permeability of the bedrock is 
high enough to allow significant groundwater flow and where a hydraulic gradient exists 
across the boundary. Significant inflows may occur into the modeled region at ten 
different locations, most of which have little of the data needed to estimate flow rates 
(DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 59). No significant discharge from the region is thought to 
occur through interbasin flow. Although flows were estimated for each of these areas 
based on available information and the uncertainties in these estimates are high 
(DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 71), the recharge from these sources is small compared to 
infiltration from precipitation and the effects of boundary condition uncertainties on the 
regional model are therefore also assessed to be small. The practice of determining 
boundary conditions for a smaller, nested model from the internal flow patterns of a 
larger model with better-defined boundary conditions is appropriately used to reduce 
uncertainty in the smaller model. 
VII-3.1.3 Regional Hydrogeologic Framework 
The regional hydrogeologic framework accounts for the influences of stratigraphy and 
geologic structure on groundwater movement, the hydrologic properties of the 
hydrogeologic units, and the regional potentiometric surface. The framework is a 
geometrical configuration of the regional hydrogeologic structure designed to support the 
regional model. A regional digital elevation model was combined with geologic maps to 
provide a three-dimensional series of points locating the outcrops of individual geologic 
formations, geologic cross sections and borehole lithologic logs. The surface and 
subsurface data were then interpolated to define the tops of hydrogeologic units

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(DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 33). Minor faults and other structures that were not considered 
to influence regional hydrology were not generally included in the model. 
The distribution of hydraulic conductivity values was defined as part of the 
hydrogeologic framework. The conductivities initially assigned to each model cell were 
varied by rock type, depth, degree of faulting, degree of weathering, grain size, and 
degree of welding, as appropriate to the rock type (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 42). 
A new potentiometric surface was constructed for this study using regional water level 
data from wells, boundaries of perennial marshes and ponds, topographic elevations, 
regional spring locations, the locations of recharge and discharge areas, and 
hydrogeologic information (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 56). In this sparsely-populated area, 
well data are concentrated in alluvial valleys and data are generally lacking in 
consolidated bedrock. Supplemental information was developed from other sources such 
as the elevations of perennial marshes and ponds, and the elevations of regional springs 
and playa discharge areas. Manual adjustments to the potentiometric surface were made 
to reflect the steeper hydraulic gradients in lower permeability rocks and the development 
of groundwater highs in regional recharge areas. 
GSIS methods were used to represent the considerable array of three-dimensional data 
used in constructing the regional model. The GSIS is a relatively new, three-dimensional 
extension of the traditional two-dimensional Geographic Information System (GIS), and 
its development and application to the Death Valley regional modeling is extensively 
described by DAgnese et al. (1997, pp. 22 through 33). 
VII-3.1.4 Regional Groundwater Movement 
For purposes of discussing groundwater movement, the regional system was divided into 
three subregional flow systems. Conceptual descriptions of groundwater movement in 
each of these systems are presented by DAgnese et al. (1997, p. 62) and are used to help 
evaluate the modeling results. Compilations of inflows and outflows from these 
subregions were used by DAgnese et al. (1997, p. 71) to prepare an estimated water 
budget for the region. DAgnese et al. (1997, p. 71) are correct in stating that, because of 
the uncertainties involved, water budgets generally provide only gross indications of the 
accuracy of the major flow components. Based only on the aforementioned estimates of 
inflows and outflows and not on modeling results, regional outflows (about 374,000 
m3/day) were found to exceed regional inflows (about 344,000 m3/day) by about 30,000 
m3/day (DAgnese et al. 1997, Table 13). Not included in the water budget is an 
estimated 89,000 m3/day groundwater pumping which is represented as a change in 
storage. However, because the regional model is steady-state, changes in storage cannot 
be accommodated because they represent nonequilibrium conditions (DAgnese et al. 
1997, p. 72). The pumping was treated as a groundwater discharge in the final modeling. 
VII-3.1.5 Discussion 
The regional models input database was diligently compiled using appropriate 
methodologies that take into account the difficulties of handling large amounts of data for

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a large and complex region, as well as the uncertainties that are present in much of the 
developed information. The care taken in developing the regional hydrogeologic 
framework was appreciated, as was the use of the new GSIS techniques for managing the 
data. 
Discharges from evapotranspiration, playa evaporation, spring flow, and pumping were 
well researched, particularly the evapotranspiration component which constituted the 
largest single source of discharge. Recharge was dominated by infiltration of 
precipitation, which remained somewhat uncertain despite the large effort put into its 
quantification. The effort expended by DAgnese et al. (1997) to corroborate the various 
model inputs lent credibility to their results. Given that the average estimated regional 
recharge from infiltration of 312,300 m3/day (DAgnese et al. 1997, Table 13) amounts to 
over 90 percent of the total regional inflow, it is not surprising that the model should be 
quite sensitive to this parameter (DAgnese et al. 1997, Figure 43). DAgnese et al. 
(1997, p. 55) make the statement that the ...recharge rates are still based on empirical 
estimates rather than actual measured rates and reflect a significant unknown flux in 
modeling this region. This statement is overly cautious. While the uncertainty 
associated with this parameter is certainly high, its value is far from being unknown. 
Although a high degree of uncertainty is also associated with interbasin flow at the model 
boundaries, the volumes involved are estimated to be small relative to the total water 
budget in the model, and the modeling results are not expected to be sensitive to this 
parameter. 
DAgnese et al. (1997, p. 72) are appropriately concerned about the inability of a steady 
state model to adequately incorporate changes in the volume of groundwater in storage 
from pumping. Incorporating such withdrawals as discharges in a steady state model 
results in other discharges being proportionately reduced so that a balance between 
recharge and discharge is maintained. While this may, in part, explain the models 
tendency to underestimate current discharges from the larger springs, including pumping 
as a constant discharge in the model will tend to make it more representative of long 
term, developed conditions that are of primary interest to performance assessment at 
Yucca Mountain. 
VII-3.2 CODE SELECTION AND MODEL DEVELOPMENT 
The MODFLOWP code was used for the Death Valley regional flow study. 
MODFLOWP is an adaptation of the USGS MODFLOW code that allows nonlinear 
regression to be used in the calibration process (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 72). Although 
more refined interim databases were developed, the final model was constructed with 
three vertical layers (DAgnese et al. 1997, p.75) and a 1,500 m grid spacing (DAgnese 
et al. 1997, p. 37). DAgnese et al. (1997, p. 37) found this configuration to be 
sufficiently detailed to support the regional modeling effort and allowed the entire area to 
be displayed as a single model using available computers. The two upper model layers 
simulate local and subregional flow mostly within valley-fill alluvium, volcanic rocks, 
and shallow carbonate rocks. The third and deepest layer simulates regional flow in

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volcanic, carbonate and clastic rocks (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 75). Each model layer 
contains several hydrogeologic framework model units (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 77). 
The bottom of the model is located 2,750 m below the interpreted water table (DAgnese 
et al. 1997, p. 75). 
The mapped input databases were resampled to a 1,500 m lateral grid spacing and 
reclassified to simplify the final model. For example, simplification of the hydraulic 
conductivity database in the final model resulted in the definition of four hydraulic 
conductivity zones representing very small to large conductivity values and the 50th 
percentile conductivity values were used as initial estimates in the model (DAgnese et al. 
1997, p. 77). This simplified the number of parameters that were varied in the calibration 
process. The model was calibrated by varying the locations and types of boundary 
conditions and the interpretation of the hydrogeologic framework until acceptable 
matches were made with measured hydraulic heads and spring flows. Nonlinear 
regression methods were used to estimate parameter values that produced the best fit to 
observed heads and flows (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 72). Hydraulic conductivities, 
vertical anisotropy ratios, recharge potentials, spring conductance, and groundwater 
pumping were varied during the calibration process (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 84). No 
modifications were made to conceptual models during calibration simply to improve the 
model fit (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 86) and the parameter values estimated by the 
regression process remained reasonable. Supporting independent hydrogeologic criteria 
were needed before modifications were made (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 86). Detailed 
analysis of the calibration results identified previously overlooked spurious data, such as 
head observations from perched zones, incorrectly recorded head data, springs that issued 
from local instead of regional groundwater, and incorrect spring altitudes. 
Use of the MODFLOWP code in constructing the model is appropriate. The 
MODFLOW code has become an industry standard and the advantages of the 
MODFLOWP adaptation in simplifying the calibration process and evaluating the model 
results are clearly explained by DAgnese et al. (1997, p. 95). It is always regretful when 
a detailed model database has to be simplified to accommodate operational constraints, 
but the reasons for such simplification are understood. The restraint exercised by 
DAgnese et al. in not modifying the model without supporting hydrogeologic criteria 
and in maintaining the hydraulic parameter values within reasonable bounds is also 
appreciated. 
VII-3.3 MODEL OUTPUT 
The regional flow model was validated by comparing model outputs with the regional 
potentiometric surface, hydraulic head measurements in individual wells, hydraulic 
gradients, and spring discharges (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 94). DAgnese et al. (1997, 
p. 104) conclude that a general comparison of the simulated hydraulic heads with the 
regional potentiometric surface map indicates that the regional model depicts major 
features of the head distribution very well. Although this conclusion was confirmed by a 
comparison of the estimated potentiometric surface in D'Agnese et al.'s (1997) Figure 27

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with the simulated surfaces in their Figures 48 through 53, the simulated surfaces are 
considerably smoother and do not exhibit the variability of the estimated surface. 
In areas of flatter hydraulic gradients, simulated heads were within 75 m of observed well 
levels everywhere in the model and generally within 50 m. Based on the standard error 
of the regression of simulated and observed heads, the effective model fit for most wells 
is 45 m (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 94). In areas of steep gradients, the differences 
between simulated and measured heads are as large as 300 m. DAgnese et al. (1997, p. 
94) consider this match to be good in view of the 2,000 m head drop across the system. 
DAgnese et al. (1997, p. 104) consider good fits to have residuals of less than 20 m (one 
percent of the total head drop), moderate fits to have residuals of 20 m to 60 m, and poor 
fits to have residuals greater than 60 m. By this definition, the overall goodness-of-fit 
would be considered moderate. Matching spring flows was found to be difficult and the 
measured values were generally underestimated. The sum of all simulated spring flows is 
51,700 m3/day, whereas the sum of all observed spring flows is 120,000 m3/day 
(DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 94). This difference may be primarily due to the models 
inability to allow for changes in storage. 
DAgnese et al. (1997, p. 104) note that an indication of nonrandom distribution of head 
residuals in the model subregions suggests that the model may be in error. However, 
across the entire model the residuals do generally vary randomly about zero (DAgnese 
et al. 1997, Figure 56). The overall water budget for the model is good, with inflows 
balancing outflows within 2,000 m3/day (DAgnese et al. 1997, Table 17). In this water 
budget calculation, pumping is included among the regional discharges. 
DAgnese et al.s (1997, p. 104) definitions of goodness-of-fit are appropriate and 
indicate that this model provides a moderately accurate simulation of the Death Valley 
regional flow system. Considering the large size of the region, the hydrogeologic 
complexity, and the relatively sparse data, achieving any better overall validation 
accuracy would have been surprising. The team found that the Death Valley regional 
flow model database was well researched, the model was appropriately constructed, and 
the resulting output provides a reasonable simulation of regional groundwater flow 
despite the possibility of model error indicated by the authors (DAgnese et al. 1997, p. 
112). 
The residual uncertainty in the model simulations is well described by its authors 
(DAgnese et al. 1997, pp. 95 to 112). Uncertainties in the model output are of potential 
concern because the simulated fluxes along the boundaries of the saturated zone site-scale 
model account for most of the flow through that model. Available measures of overall 
model uncertainty include comparisons of predicted and measured heads, and the water 
balance residual. As previously mentioned, the overall goodness-of-fit to measured 
heads is considered moderate, and the water budget residual of 2,000 m3/day is about 0.5 
percent of the total daily flow of about 406,000 m3/day through the model domain 
(DAgnese et al. 1997, Table 17).

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In this AMR, the fluxes in the three regional model layers were combined to provide total 
flow across the boundary for vertical panels of various widths extending from the water 
table to a depth of 2,750 m below the water table. The uncertainties are incorporated into 
the saturated zone site-scale model by treating the fluxes as target values during model 
calibration (CRWMS M&O 2000, p. 47). Fixed head boundary conditions were derived 
around the perimeter of the site-scale model from regional water level and head data, 
where heads were varied laterally along the model perimeter but were held constant in the 
vertical direction and in time (CRWMS M&O 2000, p. 25). Other targets that affect 
fluxes were also considered during site-scale model calibration, including rock 
permeabilities and specific discharge estimates given by the Saturated Zone Expert 
Elicitation Panel (CRWMS M&O 2000, p. 42). A comparison of the resulting calibrated 
boundary fluxes of the site-scale model with those determined from the regional model 
shows that total fluxes reasonably match within 8 to 21 percent for the northern, eastern, 
and southern boundaries, but a difference on the order of 100 percent was found for the 
western boundary (CRWMS M&O 2000, Section 6.1.4). The western and southern 
boundaries were not used as calibration targets in the site-scale model (CRWMS M&O 
2000, Table 14). The reasons for these differences are attributed primarily to the greater 
resolution of the site-scale model (CRWMS M&O 2000, p. 81). Use of the regional 
model flux data as target rather than absolute values in the site-scale model is appropriate 
considering the uncertainties inherent in those data. 
The Death Valley regional flow model was the most recent saturated zone model of the 
Yucca Mountain region at the time the study in this AMR was performed. It incorporates 
updated geological and hydrogeological data, it benefits from the recent geological and 
hydrogeological conceptual models, and it provides a three-dimensional representation of 
the region. The earlier models substanially simplified the complex 3-dimensional 
heterogeneity of the natural flow systems. For example, Waddell (1982) used a 2- 
dimensional model to simulate the regional groundwater system for the Nevada Test Site. 
Shortcomings of that study included poorly represented structural controls on flow, an 
inability to consider vertical groundwater movement, and large uncertainties in 
transmissivity values (Waddell 1982, p. 65). Czarnecki and Waddell (1984) used a 2- 
dimensional model to evaluate sub-regional groundwater flow in the Amargosa Desert. 
This model had many of the same shortcomings of Waddells earlier (1982) work, with 
particular difficulty in matching observed heads in areas of strongly vertical groundwater 
flow (Czarnecki and Waddell 1984, p. 30). Rices (1984) model of the Nevada Test Site 
was again 2-dimensional and also had difficulties in areas of vertical groundwater flow 
(Rice 1984, p. 34). Sinton (1987) developed a quasi 3-dimensional model for the Nevada 
Test Site covering essentially the same area modeled by Waddell (1982). Sintons model 
had two transmissive layers in which horizontal flow could occur, a lower layer 
consisting primarily of the deep carbonate aquifer and an upper layer consisting primarily 
of basin fill and volcanic rocks. Vertical flow was simulated as leakage between the 
layers. Studies conducted by Sinton showed that the model was particularly sensitive to 
small changes in recharge and discharge rates and recommended that these be further 
investigated in future studies (Sinton 1987, p. 81). Although the Death Valley regional 
groundwater flow model prepared by DAgnese et al. (1997) still considerably simplifies

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the actual flow system, the extensively researched input database, the fully 3-dimensional 
modeling, and the use of three conductive layers represent substantial improvements over 
past modeling efforts. Upon review of the alternative models, the Death Valley regional 
flow model was found to be the most appropriate source of information for both 
distributed recharge and lateral flow boundary conditions for the saturated zone site-scale 
flow and transport model. 
VII-3.4 SUMMARY OF EVALUATION RESULTS 
The Death Valley regional flow model database was well researched, the model to be 
appropriately constructed, and the resulting output to provide a reasonable simulation of 
regional groundwater flow. Quantification of the recharge component of flow was 
reviewed in particular detail because of the reliance placed on those data in this AMR. 
Several approaches to estimating recharge from precipitation were evaluated by the 
regional models authors before deciding on a modification of an empirical relationship 
developed by Maxey and Eakin (1950). Shortcomings of other, more recent techniques 
were identified, particularly for application to desert areas where small amounts of 
recharge are ignored. A modified Maxey-Eakin method was also used by the YMP in 
preparing the AMR, Simulation of Net Infiltration for Modern and Potential Future 
Climates (USGS 2000), and the method is widely used and accepted by the technical 
community. 
The Maxey-Eakin method was modified in the regional model to make it more sensitive 
to the four critical potential recharge indicators within the region: altitude, slope-aspect, 
relative rock and soil permeability, and vegetation. Regional maps were prepared for 
each of these indicators and through a series of steps a final recharge database was 
produced. The accuracy and suitability of the database were evaluated by the model 
authors and found to be appropriate for regional modeling. It is noted, however, that 
even with the better defined potential recharge areas, the rates are still based on empirical 
estimates rather than actual measurements and reflect a significant uncertainty in the 
regional modeling. 
Within the area of the saturated zone site-scale flow and transport model, the recharge 
fluxes from the regional model are consistent with similar magnitude fluxes 
independently estimated from the unsaturated zone site-scale flow model and with 
focused recharge from Fortymile Wash. 
The regional models input database was diligently compiled using appropriate 
methodologies that take into account the difficulties of handling large amounts of data for 
a large region as well as the relatively large uncertainties that are present in much of the 
developed information. Discharges from evapotranspiration, playa evaporation, spring 
flow, and pumping were well researched, particularly the evapotranspiration component 
which constituted the largest single source of discharge. As expected, recharge was 
dominated by infiltration of precipitation. The effort expended by the model authors to 
corroborate the various model inputs lent credibility to their results.

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Use of the MODFLOWP code in constructing the model is appropriate. The 
MODFLOW code has become an industry standard and the advantages of the 
MODFLOWP adaptation in simplifying the calibration process and evaluating the model 
results are important. The restraint exercised by the model authors in not modifying the 
model without supporting hydrogeologic criteria and in maintaining the hydraulic 
parameter values within reasonable bounds is appropriate. 
Based on the standard error of the regression of simulated and observed heads, the 
effective residual between actual and simulated heads was 45 m for most wells. A good 
fit would have residuals of less than 20 m (one percent of the total head drop), a moderate 
fit would have residuals of 20 m to 60 m, and a poor fit would have residuals greater than 
60 m. By these definitions, the overall goodness-of-fit of the regional model would be 
considered moderate. As a result, a degree of uncertainty must be associated with the 
model outputs. 
Uncertainties in the simulated fluxes along the lateral boundaries of the saturated zone 
site-scale model are potentially significant because these fluxes constitute the greatest 
sources of flow in the site-scale model and they are not independently corroborated. The 
use of nested models to estimate those fluxes provides an appropriate approach to 
reducing these uncertainties. The uncertainties were recognized in calibrating the sitescale 
model by using the regional model fluxes along with other data sources in a 
generalized manner as calibration targets rather than as fixed model inputs. Actual 
boundary conditions in the site-scale model were defined by fixed heads, which are better 
known than the boundary fluxes. This approach made the fluxes largely a function of the 
calibrated model permeabilities. A comparison of the resulting calibrated regional and 
site-scale model boundary fluxes shows reasonable matching of total fluxes but greater 
differences, some on the order of 100 percent, for individual boundary segments. These 
observations indicate that the use of the regional model flux data in the site-scale model 
is appropriately generalized considering the uncertainties inherent in those data. 
VII-4. EVALUATION CONCLUSIONS 
The conclusions of the Data Qualification Team's review of the regional model are 
presented below in terms of the evaluation criteria presented in the controlling plan (BSC 
2001b, Addendum N). 
1. Are the methods used to develop the Death Valley regional groundwater model 
reasonable and generally accepted by the technical community? 
The methods used to develop the database, the choice of models, the methods of 
calibration, and the analysis of the results are all reasonable and generally accepted by the 
technical community. The use of GSIS to store, manipulate, and analyze the data, 
although relatively new, is also accepted by the technical community and represents a 
welcome addition that will ease the burden of dealing with large data sets.

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2. Are the methods used in this AMR to develop boundary conditions from the regional 
modeling results reasonable and generally accepted by the technical community? 
The method used to obtain distributed recharge data was to take them directly from the 
regional model input files and the method of nested models was used to obtain lateral 
flux boundary conditions. The recharge data were developed using the well-established 
and accepted Maxey-Eakin method and use of the regional model as a source for those 
data provides consistency among the YMP saturated zone flow models. The nested 
model approach for reducing the uncertainty in lateral flow boundary conditions for 
smaller models is also well-established and accepted by the technical community. Use of 
the regional model to determine the lateral flows is reasonable and provides additional 
consistency among the YMP saturated zone models. . 
3. Are there more appropriate sources of information for developing the boundary 
conditions required in this AMR? 
Other sources of similar information for distributed groundwater recharge and lateral 
fluxes were older and less well developed than the Death Valley regional flow model. 
The regional model was developed in part to support the site-scale modeling. It provides 
a reasonable and comprehensive simulation of regional flow, and is the most appropriate 
source of information for developing hydrologic boundary conditions for the site-scale 
model. 
4. Are the boundary condition data and their associated uncertainties acceptable for their 
intended use? 
Uncertainties in the lateral boundary condition data have been appropriately addressed by 
making them target values for site-scale model calibration. The calibration has been 
successfully completed using this approach, indicating that the boundary condition data 
have been successfully used and are therefore acceptable for their intended use. In 
addition, much of the source data for the regional model are YMP-accepted data, the 
regional model has been validated and residual uncertainties have been identified, and the 
modeling effort was adequately reviewed and documented. 
VII-5. RECOMMENDATIONS 
The Death Valley regional flow model database was well researched, the model was 
appropriately constructed, and the resulting output provides a reasonable simulation of 
regional groundwater flow. This model is the most recent and best saturated zone flow 
model of the Yucca Mountain region. It incorporates updated geological and 
hydrogeological data, it benefits from recent geological and hydrogeological conceptual 
models, and it provides a three-dimensional representation of the region. Upon review of 
the alternatives, the Death Valley regional flow model was found to be an appropriate

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source of information for both recharge and lateral flux boundary conditions for the 
saturated zone site-scale flow and transport model. 
Based on the foregoing evaluation, the Death Valley regional flow model was found to 
provide a qualified source of data for establishing recharge and lateral flux boundary 
conditions for the saturated zone site-scale flow and transport model. In accordance with 
AP-3.10Q, this finding qualifies these data only for their intended uses in this AMR. The 
source DTN GS960808312144.003 will remain unqualified for other uses.