man display

     display(1)          ImageMagick (1 May 1994)           display(1)

     NAME
          display - display an image on any workstation running X

     SYNOPSIS
          display [ options ...] file [ [ options ...] file ...]

     DESCRIPTION
          Display is a machine architecture independent image
          processing and display program.  It can display an image on
          any workstation display running an X server.  Display can
          read and write many of the more popular image formats (e.g.
          JPEG, TIFF, PNM, etc.).  You can perform these functions on
          the image:

              o display information about the image
              o write the image to a file
              o print the image to a Postscript printer
              o delete the image file
              o load an image from a file
              o display the next image
              o display the former image
              o display a sequence of images as a slide show
              o select the image to display by its thumbnail rather
          than name
              o undo last image transformation
              o restore the image to its original size
              o refresh the image
              o toggle the colormap type: : Shared or Private
              o half the image size
              o double the image size
              o resize the image
              o trim the image edges
              o crop the image
              o cut the image
              o flop image in the horizontal direction
              o flip image in the vertical direction
              o rotate the image 90 degrees clockwise
              o rotate the image 90 degrees counter-clockwise
              o rotate the image
              o shear the image
              o invert the colors of the image
              o vary the color brightness
              o vary the color saturation
              o vary the image hue
              o gamma correct the image
              o sharpen the image contrast
              o dull the image contrast
              o perform histogram equalization on the image
              o perform histogram normalization on the image
              o negate the image colors
              o reduce the speckles within an image
              o eliminate peak noise from an image
              o detect edges within the image
              o emboss an image
              o oil paint an image
              o convert the image to grayscale
              o set the maximum number of unique colors in the image
              o annotate the image with text
              o add a border to the image
              o composite image with another
              o edit an image pixel color
              o edit the image matte information
              o add an image comment
              o display information about this program
              o discard all images and exit program
              o change the level of magnification

     EXAMPLES
          To scale an image of a cockatoo to exactly 640 pixels in
          width and 480 pixels in height and position the window at
          location (200,200), use:

               display -geometry 640x480+200+200! cockatoo.miff

          To display an image of a cockatoo without a border centered
          on a backdrop, use:

               display +borderwidth -backdrop cockatoo.miff

          To tile an image of a cockatoo onto the root window, use:

               display -window root cockatoo.miff

          To display a visual image directory of all your JPEG images,
          use:

               display 'vid:*.jpg'

          To display a MAP image that is 640 pixels in width and 480
          pixels in height with 256 colors, use:

               display -size 640x480+256 cockatoo.map

     OPTIONS
          -backdrop
               display the image centered on a backdrop.

               This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and
               is useful for hiding other X window activity while
               viewing the image.   The color of the backdrop is
               specified as the background color.  Refer to X
               RESOURCES for details.

          -blur
               blur an image.

          -border <width>x<height>fP
               surround the image with a border or color.  See X(1)
               for details about the geometry specification.

               The color of the border is obtained from the X server
               and is defined as bordercolor (class borderColor).  See
               X(1) for details.

          -colormap type
               the type of colormap: Shared or Private.

               This option only applies when the default X server
               visual is PseudoColor or GrayScale.  Refer to -visual
               for more details.  By default, a shared colormap is
               allocated.  The image shares colors with other X
               clients.  Some image colors could be approximated,
               therefore your image may look very different than
               intended.  Choose Private and the image colors appear
               exactly as they are defined.  However, other clients
               may go "technicolor" when the image colormap is
               installed.

          -colors value
               preferred number of colors in the image.

               The actual number of colors in the image may be less
               than your request, but never more.  Note, this is a
               color reduction option.  Images with less unique colors
               than specified with this option will remain unchanged.
               Refer to quantize(9) for more details.

               Note, options -dither, -colorspace, and -treedepth
               affect the color reduction algorithm.

          -colorspace value
               the type of colorspace: GRAY, OHTA, RGB, XYZ, YCbCr,
               YIQ, YPbPr, or YUV.

               Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB
               color space.  Empirical evidence suggests that
               distances in color spaces such as YUV or YIQ correspond
               to perceptual color differences more closely than do
               distances in RGB space.  These color spaces may give
               better results when color reducing an image.  Refer to
               quantize(9) for more details.

               The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this
               option to take effect.

          -comment string
               annotate an image with a comment.

               By default, each image is commented with its file name.
               Use this option to assign a specific comment to the
               image.  Optionally you can include the image filename,
               type, width, height, or scene number by embedding
               special format characters.  Embed %f for filename, %m
               for magick, %w for width, %h for height, %s for scene
               number, or \n for newline.  For example,

                    -comment "%m:%f %wx%h"

               produces an image comment of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for
               an image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and
               height is 480.

               If the first character of string is @, the image
               comment is read from a file titled by the remaining
               characters in the string.

          -compress type
               the type of image compression: QEncoded or
               RunlengthEncoded.

               Use this option with -write to specify the the type of
               image compression.  See miff(5) for details.

               Specify +compress to store the binary image in an
               uncompressed format.  The default is the compression
               type of the specified image file.

          -contrast
               enhance or reduce the image contrast.

               This option enhances the intensity differences between
               the lighter and darker elements of the image.  Use
               -contrast to enhance the image or +contrast to reduce
               the image contrast.

          -crop <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>
               preferred size and location of the cropped image.  See
               X(1) for details about the geometry specification.

               Use cropping to apply image processing options to, or
               display, a particular area of an image.  Use -crop 0x0
               to remove edges that are the background color.

               The equivalent X resource for this option is
               cropGeometry (class CropGeometry).  See X RESOURCES for
               details.

          -delay seconds
               display the next image after pausing.

               This option is useful when viewing several images in
               sequence.  Each image will display and wait the number
               of seconds specified before the next image is
               displayed.  The default is to display the image and
               wait until you choose to display the next image or
               terminate the program.

          -density <width>x<height>
               vertical and horizontal density of the image.

               This option specifies an image density for a Postscript
               page.  The default is 72 dots per inch in the
               horizontal and vertical direction.  Use this option to
               alter the default density.

          -despeckle
               reduce the speckles within an image.

          -display host:display[.screen]
               specifies the X server to contact; see X(1).

          -dither
               apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image.

               The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity
               resolution for spatial resolution by averaging the
               intensities of several neighboring pixels.  Images
               which suffer from severe contouring when reducing
               colors can be improved with this option.

               The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this
               option to take effect.

          -edge
               detect edges within an image.

          -enhance
               apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image.

          -equalize
               perform histogram equalization to the image.

          -flip
               create a "mirror image" by reflecting the image
               scanlines in the vertical direction.

          -flop
               create a "mirror image" by reflecting the image
               scanlines in the horizontal direction.

          -gamma value
               level of gamma correction.

               The same color image displayed on two different
               workstations may look different due to differences in
               the display monitor.  Use gamma correction to adjust
               for this color difference.  Reasonable values extend
               from 0.8 to 2.3.

               You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green,
               and blue channels of the image with a gamma value list
               delineated with commas (i.e. 1.7,2.3,1.2).

          -geometry <width>{%}x<height>{%}{+-}<x offset>{+-
               }<y offset>{!}
               preferred size and location of the image window.  See
               X(1) for details about the geometry specification.  By
               default, the window size is the image size and the
               location is choosen by you when it is mapped.

               By default, the width and height are maximum values.
               That is, the image is expanded or contracted to fit the
               width and height value while maintaining the aspect
               ratio of the image.  Append an exclamation point to the
               geometry to force the image size to exactly the size
               you specify.  For example, if you specify 640x480! the
               image width is set to 640 pixels and height to 480.  If
               only one factor is specified, both the width and height
               assume the value.

               To specify a percentage width or height instead, append
               %.  The image size is multiplied by the width and
               height percentages to obtain the final image
               dimensions.  To increase the size of an image, use a
               value greater than 100 (e.g. 125%).  To decrease an
               image's size, use a percentage less than 100.

               When displaying an image on an X server, <x offset> and
               <y offset> is relative to the root window.

               The equivalent X resource for this option is
               imageGeometry (class ImageGeometry).  See X RESOURCES
               for details.

          -interlace type
               the type of interlacing scheme: NONE, LINE, or PLANE.

               This option is used to specify the type of interlacing
               scheme for raw image formats such as RGB or YUV.  NONE
               means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...), LINE
               uses scanline interlacing
               (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and PLANE uses
               plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).

          -label name
               assign a label to an image.

               Use this option to assign a specific label to the
               image.  Optionally you can include the image filename,
               type, width, height, or scene number in the label by
               embedding special format characters.   Embed %f for
               filename, %m for magick, %w for width, %h for height,
               or %s for scene number.  For example,
                    -label "%m:%f %wx%h"
               produces an image label of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for
               an image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and
               height is 480.

               If the first character of string is @, the image label
               is read from a file titled by the remaining characters
               in the string.

               When converting to Postscript, use this option to
               specify a header string to print above the image.

          -map type
               display image using this Standard Colormap type.

               Choose from these Standard Colormap types:

                   best
                   default
                   gray
                   red
                   green
                   blue

               The X server must support the Standard Colormap you
               choose, otherwise an error occurs.  Use list as the
               type and display(1) searches the list of colormap types
               in top-to-bottom order until one is located. See
               xstdcmap(1) for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.

          -matte
               store matte channel if the image has one.

          -modulate value
               vary the brightness, saturation, and hue of an image.

               Specify the percent change in brightness, the color
               saturation, and the color hue separated by commas.  For
               example, to increase the color brightness by 20% and
               decrease the color saturation by 10% and leave the hue
               unchanged, use: -modulate 20,-10.

          -monochrome
               transform the image to black and white.

          -negate
               apply color inversion to image.

               The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are
               negated.

          -noise
               reduce the noise in an image with a noise peak
               elimination filter.

               The principal function of noise peak elimination filter
               is to smooth the objects within an image without losing
               edge information and without creating undesired
               structures.  The central idea of the algorithm is to
               replace a pixel with its next neighbor in value within
               a 3 x 3 window, if this pixel has been found to be
               noise.  A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this
               pixel is a maximum or minimum within the 3 x 3 window.

          -normalize
               transform image to span the full range of color values.

               This is a contrast enhancement technique.

          -page <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>
               size and location of the Postscript page.

               Use this option to specify the dimensions of the
               Postscript page in picas or a TEXT page in pixels.  The
               default for a Postscript page is to center the image on
               a letter page 612 by 792 dots per inch. The left and
               right margins are 18 picas and the top and bottom 94
               picas (i.e.  612x792+36+36).  Other common sizes are:

                   540x720   Note
                   612x1008  Legal
                   842x1190  A3
                   595x842   A4
                   421x595   A5
                   297x421   A6
                   709x1002  B4
                   612x936   U.S. Foolscap
                   612x936   European Foolscap
                   396x612   Half Letter
                   792x1224  11x17
                   1224x792  Ledger

               The page geometry is relative to the vertical and
               horizontal density of the Postscript page.  See
               -density for details.

               The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is
               612x792+36+36.

          -quality value
               JPEG quality setting.

               Quality is 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The default is 85.

          -roll {+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>
               roll an image vertically or horizontally.  See X(1) for
               details about the geometry specification.

               A negative x offset rolls the image left-to-right.  A
               negative y offset rolls the image top-to-bottom.

          -rotate degrees
               apply Paeth image rotation to the image.

               Empty triangles left over from rotating the image are
               filled with the color defined as bordercolor (class
               borderColor).  See X(1) for details.

          -sample geometry
               scale image with pixel sampling.  See -geometry for
               details about the geometry specification.

          -scene value
               image scene number.

               Use this option to specify an image sequence with a
               single filename.  See the discussion of file below for
               details.

          -sharpen
               sharpen an image.

          -shear <x degrees>x<y degrees>
               shear the image along the X or Y axis by a positive or
               negative shear angle.

               Shearing slides one edge of an image along the X or Y
               axis, creating a parallelogram.  An X direction shear
               slides an edge along the X axis, while a Y direction
               shear slides an edge along the Y axis.  The amount of
               the shear is controlled by a shear angle.  For X
               direction shears, x degrees> is measured relative to
               the Y axis, and similarly, for Y direction shears y
               degrees is measured relative to the X axis.

               Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are
               filled with the color defined as bordercolor (class
               borderColor).  See X(1) for details.

          -size <width>{%}x<height>{%}{+colors}{!}
               width and height of the image.

               Use this option to specify the width and height of raw
               images whose dimensions are unknown such as GRAY, RGB,
               or CMYK.  In addition to width and height, use -size to
               tell the number of colors in a MAP image file, (e.g.
               -size 640x512+256).

               For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:

                  192x128
                  384x256
                  768x512
                 1536x1024
                 3072x2048

          -treedepth value
               Normally, this integer value is zero or one.  A zero or
               one tells display to choose a optimal tree depth for
               the color reduction algorithm.

               An optimal depth generally allows the best
               representation of the source image with the fastest
               computational speed and the least amount of memory.
               However, the default depth is inappropriate for some
               images.  To assure the best representation, try values
               between 2 and 8 for this parameter.  Refer to
               quantize(9) for more details.

               The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this
               option to take effect.

          -update seconds
               detect when image file is modified and redisplay.

               Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file
               that is currently displayed is over-written.  display
               will automatically detect that the input file has been
               changed and update the displayed image accordingly.

          -verbose
               print detailed information about the image.

               This information is printed: image scene number;  image
               name;  image size; the image class (DirectClass or
               PseudoClass);  the total number of unique colors;  and
               the number of seconds to read and transform the image.
               Refer to miff(5) for a description of the image class.

               If -colors is also specified, the total unique colors
               in the image and color reduction error values are
               printed.  Refer to quantize(9) for a description of
               these values.

          -visual type
               display image using this visual type.

               Choose from these visual classes:

                   StaticGray
                   GrayScale
                   StaticColor
                   PseudoColor
                   TrueColor
                   DirectColor
                   default
                   visual id

               The X server must support the visual you choose,
               otherwise an error occurs.  If a visual is not
               specified, the visual class that can display the most
               simultaneous colors on the default X server screen is
               choosen.

          -window id
               set the background pixmap of this window to the image.

               id can be a window id or name.  Specify root to select
               X's root window as the target window.

               By default the image is tiled onto the background of
               the target window.   If -backdrop or -geometry are
               specified, the image is surrounded by the background
               color.  Refer to X RESOURCES for details.

               The image will not display on the root window if the
               image has more unique colors than the target window
               colormap allows.  Use -colors to reduce the number of
               colors.

          -write filename
               write image to a file.

               If file already exists, you will be prompted as to
               whether it should be overwritten.

               By default, the image is written in the format that it
               was read in as.  To specify a particular image format,
               prefix file with the image type and a colon (i.e.
               ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename
               suffix (i.e. image.ps).  See convert(1) for a list of
               valid image formats.  Specify file as - for standard
               output.  If file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file
               size is compressed using with compress or gzip
               respectively.  Precede the image file name | to pipe to
               a system command. If file already exists, you will be
               prompted as to whether it should be overwritten.

               Use -compress to specify the type of image compression.

               The equivalent X resource for this option is
               writeFilename (class WriteFilename).  See X RESOURCES
               for details.

          In addition to those listed above, you can specify these
          standard X resources as command line options:  -background,
          -bordercolor, -borderwidth, -font, -foreground,
          -iconGeometry, -iconic, -mattecolor, -name, -panGeometry, or
          -title.  See X RESOURCES for details.

          Options are processed in command line order.  Any option you
          specify on the command line remains in effect until it is
          explicitly changed by specifying the option again with a
          different effect.  For example to display two images, the
          first with 32 colors, and the second with only 16 colors,
          use:

               display -colors 32 cockatoo.miff -colors 16 macaw.miff

          Change - to + in any option above to reverse its effect.
          For example, specify +matte to store the image without its
          matte channel.

          By default, the image format is determined by its magic
          number. To specify a particular image format, precede the
          filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e.
          ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix
          (i.e. image.ps).  See convert(1) for a list of valid image
          formats.

          When you specify X as your image type, the filename has
          special meaning.  It specifies an X window by id, name, or
          root.  If no filename is specified, the window is selected
          by clicking the mouse in the desired window.

          Specify file as - for standard input.  If file has the
          extension .Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed with
          uncompress or gunzip respectively.  Precede the image file
          name | to pipe from a system command.

          Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after a file name
          to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image
          format like Photo CD (e.g. img0001.pcd[4]).

          Single images are read with the filename you specify.
          Alternatively, you can display an image sequence with a
          single filename.  Define the range of the image sequence
          with -scene.  Each image in the range is read with the
          filename followed by a period (.)  and the scene number.
          You can change this behavior by embedding a printf format
          specification in the file name.  For example,
                  -scene 0-9 image%02d.miff
          displays files image00.miff, image01.miff, through
          image09.miff.

     BUTTONS
          The effects of each button press is described below.  Three
          buttons are required.  If you have a two button mouse,
          button 1 and 3 are returned.  Press ALT and button 3 to
          simulate button 2.

          1    Press and drag to select a command from a pop-up menu.
               Choose from these menu items:

                   File
                     Image Info
                     Write...
                     Print...
                     Delete...
                     Canvas...
                     Grab...
                     Load...
                     Next
                     Former
                     Select...
                   Edit
                     Undo
                     Restore
                     Refresh
                     Toggle Colormap
                     Slide Show
                   Size
                     Half Size
                     Original Size
                     Double Size
                     Resize...
                   Pixel Transform
                     Trim Edges
                     Crop
                     Cut
                     Flop
                     Flip
                     Rotate Right
                     Rotate Left
                     Rotate...
                   Color Enhance
                     Brightness...
                     Saturation...
                     Hue...
                     Gamma...
                     Sharpen
                     Dull
                     Equalize
                     Normalize
                     Negate
                   Effects
                     Despeckle
                     Peak Noise
                     Sharpen
                     Blur
                     Edge Detect
                     Emboss
                     Oil Painting
                     Grayscale
                     Quantize...
                   Image Edit
                     Annotate
                     Add Border...
                     Composite...
                     Color
                     Matte
                     Comment
                   Help
                   Quit

               The indented items are members of a sub-menu.  Access
               them by moving the pointer toward the right edge of the
               menu.

          2    Press and drag to define a region of the image to
               magnify.

          3    Choose a particular tile of a visual image directory
               and press this button and drag to select a command from
               a pop-up menu.  Choose from these menu items:

                   Delete
                   Load

               If you choose Delete, the image represented by the tile
               is deleted.  Otherwise, it is displayed.  To return to
               the visual image directory, choose Next from the
               command menu (refer to Button 1).  See montage(1) and
               miff(5) for more details.

     KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS
          i    Press to display information about the image.

          w    Press to write the image to a file.

          p    Press to print the image to a Postscript printer.

          d    Press to delete an image file.

          C    Press to create a blank canvas.

          F2   grab an image from the screen.

          l    Press to load an image from a file.

               Refer to IMAGE LOADING for more details.

          n    Press to display the next image.

          f    Press to display the former image.

          F3   Press to select an image from the command line.

          u    Press to undo last image transformation.

          r    Press to restore the image to its original size.

          @    Press to refresh the image window.

          F7   toggle the colormap type: : Shared or Private

          ,    Press to display the next image after pausing.

          <    Press to half the image size.

          <    Press to return to the original image size.

          >    Press to double the image size.

          %    Press to resize the image to a width and height you
               specify.

          t    Press to trim the image edges.

          [    Press to crop the image.

               Refer to IMAGE CROPPING for more details.

          ]    Press to cut the image.

               Refer to IMAGE CUTTING for more details.

          |    Press to flop image in the horizontal direction.

          -    Press to flip image in the vertical direction.

          /    Press to rotate the image 90 degrees clockwise.

          Press to rotate the image 90 degrees counter-clockwise.

          *    Press to rotate the image the number of degrees you
               specify.

               Refer to IMAGE ROTATION for more details.

          s    Press to shear the image the number of degrees you
               specify.

          F8   Press to vary the color brightness.

          F9   Press to vary the color saturation.

          F10  Press to vary the image hue.

          g    Press to gamma correct the image.

          F11  Press to sharpen the image contrast.

          F12  Press to dull the image contrast.

          =    Press to perform histogram equalization on the image.

          N    Press to perform histogram normalization on the image.

          ~    Press to invert the colors of the image.

          D    Press to reduce the speckles in an image.

          P    Press to eliminate peak noise from an image.

          S    Press to sharpen an image.

          B    Press to delete an image file.

          E    Press to detect edges within an image.

          M    Press to emboss an image.

          O    Press to oil paint an image.

          G    Press to convert the image colors to gray.

          #    Press to set the maximum number of unique colors in the
               image.

          a    Press to annotate the image with text.

               Refer to IMAGE ANNOTATION for more details.

          n    Press to add a border to the image.

          x    Press to composite the image with another.

               Refer to IMAGE COMPOSITING for more details.

          C    Press to edit an image pixel color.

               Refer to COLOR EDITING for more details.

          m    Press to edit the image matte information.

               Refer to MATTE EDITING for more details.

          !    Press to add an image comment.

          h    Press to display helpful information about display(1).

               Function keys HELP or F1 are synonomous with the h key.

          v    Press to display the version number of display(1).

          q    Press to discard all images and exit program.

          1-9  Press to change the level of magnification.

          Use the arrow keys to move the image one pixel up, down,
          left, or right within the magnify window.  Be sure to first
          map the magnify window by pressing button 2.

          Press ALT and one of the arrow keys to trim off one pixel
          from any side of the image.

     X RESOURCES
          display options can appear on the command line or in your X
          resource file.  Options on the command line supersede values
          specified in your X resource file.  See X(1) for more
          information on X resources.

          All display options have a corresponding X resource.  In
          addition, display uses the following X resources:

          background (class Background)
               Specifies the preferred color to use for the image
               window background.  The default is #ccc.

          borderColor (class BorderColor)
               Specifies the preferred color to use for the image
               window border.  The default is black.

          borderWidth (class BorderWidth)
               Specifies the width in pixels of the image window
               border.  The default is 2.

          editorCommand (class editorCommand)
               Specifies the name of the preferred editor when editing
               image comments.  The default is nedit  %s.

          font (class FontList)
               Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in
               normal formatted text.  The default is 14 point
               Helvetica.

          font[1-9] (class Font[1-9])
               Specifies the name of the preferred font to use when
               annotating the image window with text.  The default
               fonts are fixed, variable, 5x8, 6x10, 7x13bold,
               8x13bold, 9x15bold, 10x20, and 12x24.  Refer to IMAGE
               ANNOTATION for more details.

          foreground (class Foreground)
               Specifies the preferred color to use for text within
               the image window.  The default is black.

          iconGeometry (class IconGeometry)
               Specifies the preferred size and position of the
               application when iconified.  It is not necessarily
               obeyed by all window managers.

          iconic (class Iconic)
               This resource indicates that you would prefer that the
               application's windows initially not be visible as if
               the windows had be immediately iconified by you.
               Window managers may choose not to honor the
               application's request.

          magnify (class Magnify)
               specifies an integral factor by which the image should
               be enlarged.  The default is 3.

               This value only affects the magnification window which
               is invoked with button number 3 after the image is
               displayed.  Refer to BUTTONS for more details.

          matteColor (class MatteColor)
               Specify the color of windows.  It is used for the
               backgrounds of windows, menus, and notices.  A 3D
               effect  is achieved  by using highlight and shadow
               colors derived from this color.  Default value: #ddd.

          name (class Name)
               This resource specifies the name under which resources
               for the application should be found.  This resource is
               useful in shell aliases to distinguish between
               invocations of an application, without resorting to
               creating links to alter the executable file name.  The
               default is the application name.

          panGeometry (class PanGeometry)
               Specifies the preferred size and position of the image
               panning window.

          pen[1-9] (class Pen[1-9])
               Specifies the color of the preferred font to use when
               annotating the image window with text.  The default
               colors are black, blue, green, cyan, gray, red,
               magenta, yellow, and white.  Refer to IMAGE ANNOTATION
               for more details.

          printCommand (class PrintCommand)
               This command is executed whenever Print is issued (see
               BUTTONS.  In general, it is the command to print
               Postscript to your printer.  Default value: lpr %s.

          sharedMemory (class SharedMemory)
               This resource specifies whether display should attempt
               use shared memory for pixmaps.  ImageMagick must be
               compiled with shared memory support, and the display
               must support the MIT-SHM extension.  Otherwise, this
               resource is ignored.  The default is True.

          text_font (class textFont)
               Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in
               fixed (typewriter style) formatted text.  The default
               is 14 point Courier.

          title (class Title)
               This resource specifies the title to be used for the
               image window.  This information is sometimes used by a
               window manager to provide a header identifying the
               window.  The default is the image file name.

          usePixmap (class UsePixmap)
               Images are maintained as a XImage by default.  Set this
               resource to True to utilize a server Pixmap instead.
               This option is useful if your image exceeds the
               dimensions of your server screen and you intend to pan
               the image.  Panning is much faster with Pixmaps than
               with a XImage.  Pixmaps are considered a precious
               resource, use them with discretion.

     IMAGE LOADING
          To select an image to display, press button 1 and choose
          Load from the command menu.  A file browser is displayed.
          To choose a particular image file, move the pointer to the
          filename and press any button.  The filename is copied to
          the text window.  Next, press Load or press the RETURN key.
          Alternatively, you can type the image file name directly
          into the text window.  To decend directories, choose a
          directory name and press the button twice quickly.  A
          scrollbar allows a large list to be moved through if it
          exceeds the size of the list area.

          You can trim the list of file names by using shell globbing
          characters.  For example, type *.jpg to list only files that
          end with .jpg.  If your filename has globbing characters and
          you press load, a visual image directory is displayed.  In
          our example, all files that end with .jpg are turned into
          thumbnails and tiled onto a single image.  Now move the
          pointer to a particular thumbnail and press button 3.  The
          image represented by the thumbnail is displayed at its full
          size.  Finally, choose Next from the command menu to return
          to the visual image directory.

     IMAGE PANNING
          When an image exceeds the width or height of the X server
          screen, display maps a small panning window.  The rectangle
          within the panning window shows the area that is currently
          displayed in the the image window.  To "pan" about the
          image, press and drag the mouse within the panning window.
          The panning rectangle moves with the mouse and the image
          window is updated to reflect the location of the rectangle
          within the panning window.  When you have selected the area
          of the image you wish to view, just release the mouse
          button.

          Use the arrow keys to pan the image one pixel up, down,
          left, or right within the image window.

          The panning window goes away if the image becomes smaller
          than the dimensions of the X server screen.

     IMAGE CROPPING
          To begin, press button 1 and choose Crop from the command
          menu (see BUTTONS).  Alternatively, press c in the image
          window (see KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS).  To exit immediately,
          press ESC.

          A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in
          the image window.  You are now in crop mode.  To exit
          immediately, press ESC.

          To define a cropping region, press button 1 and drag.  The
          cropping region is defined by a highlighted rectangle that
          expands or contracts as it follows the pointer.  Once you
          are satisfied with the cropping region, release the button.
          You can make adjustments to the cropping rectangle with the
          arrow keys.  Press an arrow key to expand the region by one
          pixel.  Press ALT and an arrow key to contract the cropping
          region.  To expand or contract by more than one pixel,
          precede the arrow key press by the number of pixels you want
          to move.

          Finally, press RETURN to commit your cropping region.  To
          exit without cropping the image, press ESC.

     IMAGE CUTTING
          An image is cut interactively.  There is no command line
          argument to cut an image.  To begin, press button 1 and
          choose Cut from the image edit menu (see BUTTONS).
          Alternatively, press x in the image window (see KEYBOARD
          ACCELERATORS).  To exit immediately, press ESC.

          You are now in cut mode.  To exit immediately, press ESC.
          In cut mode a button press has a different effect than
          described in BUTTONS.  Press a button to affect this
          behavior:

          1    Select a location within the image window to begin your
               cut, press and hold.  Next, move the pointer to another
               location in the image.  As you move a line will connect
               the initial location and the pointer.  When you release
               the button, the area within the image to cut is
               determined by which cut direction you choose with
               button 2.

          3    Press and drag to select a cut operator from a pop-up
               menu.  Choose from these cut operators:

                   horizontal
                   vertical

          If the operator is horizontal, the area of the image between
          the two horizontal endpoints of the cut line is removed.
          Otherwise, the area of the image between the two vertical
          endpoints of the cut line is removed.

          To cancel the image cutting, move the pointer back to the
          starting point of the line and release the button.

     IMAGE ROTATION
          Press the / key to rotate the image 90 degrees or \ to
          rotate -90 degrees (see KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS).  To
          interactively choose the degree of rotation, choose Rotate
          from the image edit menu (see BUTTONS).  Alternatively,
          press | in the image window (see KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS). To
          exit immediately, press any button in the image window
          twice.

          A small horizontal line is drawn next to the pointer.  You
          are now in rotation mode. To exit immediately, press any
          button and release.  In rotation mode a button press has a
          different effect than described in BUTTONS.  Press a button
          to affect this behavior:

          1    Choose a point in the image window and press this
               button and hold.  Next, move the pointer to another
               location in the image.  As you move a line connects the
               initial location and the pointer.  When you release the
               button, the degree of image rotation is determined by
               the slope of the line you just drew.

          2    Press and drag to select a background color from a
               pop-up menu.  Choose from these background colors:

                   black
                   blue
                   cyan
                   green
                   gray
                   red
                   magenta
                   yellow
                   white
                   Browser...

               Other background colors can be specified with the color
               browser or by setting the X resources pen1 through
               pen9.  Refer to X RESOURCES for more details.

               If you select the color browser and press Grab, you can
               choose the font color by moving the pointer to the
               desired color on the screen and press any button.

          3    Press and drag to select a rotate plane from a pop-up
               menu.  Choose from these rotate planes:

                   horizontal
                   vertical

          To cancel the image rotation, move the pointer back to the
          starting point of the line and release the button.

     IMAGE ANNOTATION
          An image is annotated with text interactively.  There is no
          command line argument to annotate an image.  To begin, press
          button 1 and choose Annotate from the image edit menu (see
          BUTTONS).  Alternatively, press a in the image window (see
          KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS).  To exit immediately, press ESC.

          A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in
          the image window.  You are now in annotate mode.  To exit
          immediately, press ESC. In annotate mode a button press has
          a different effect than described in BUTTONS.  Press a
          button to affect this behavior:

          1    Press to select a location within the image window to
               begin entering text.

          2    Press and drag to select a font color from a pop-up
               menu.  Choose from these font colors:

                   black
                   blue
                   cyan
                   green
                   gray
                   red
                   magenta
                   yellow
                   white
                   Browser...

               Other font colors can be specified with the color
               browser or by setting the X resources pen1 through
               pen9.  Refer to X RESOURCES for more details.

               If you select the color browser and press Grab, you can
               choose the font color by moving the pointer to the
               desired color on the screen and press any button.

          3    Press and drag to select a font from a pop-up menu.
               Choose from these fonts:

                   fixed
                   variable
                   5x8
                   6x10
                   7x13bold
                   8x13bold
                   9x15bold
                   10x20
                   12x24
                   Browser...

               Other fonts can be specified with the font browser or
               by setting the X resources font1 through font9.  Refer
               to X RESOURCES for more details.

          Choosing a font and its color is optional.  The default font
          is fixed and the default color is black.  However, you must
          choose a location to begin entering text and press button 1.
          An underscore character will appear at the location of the
          cursor where you pressed button 1.  The cursor changes to a
          pencil to indicate you are in text mode.  To exit
          immediately, press ESC.

          In text mode, any key presses will display the character at
          the location of the underscore and advance the underscore
          cursor.  Enter your text and once completed press ESC to
          finish your image annotation.  To correct errors press BACK
          SPACE.  To delete an entire line of text, press DELETE.  Any
          text that exceeds the boundaries of the image window is
          automatically continued onto the next line.

          The actual color you request for the font is saved in the
          image.  However, the color that appears in your image window
          may be different.  For example, on a monochrome screen the
          text will appear black or white even if you choose the color
          red as the font color.  However, the image saved to a file
          with -write is written with red lettering.  To assure the
          correct color text in the final image, any PseudoClass image
          is promoted to DirectClass (see miff(5)).  To force a
          PseudoClass image to remain PseudoClass, use -colors.

     IMAGE COMPOSITING
          An image composite is created interactively.  There is no
          command line argument to composite an image.  To begin,
          press button 1 and choose Composite Image from the image
          edit menu (see BUTTONS).  Alternatively, press x in the
          image window (see KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS).

          First a popup window is displayed requesting you to enter an
          image name. Press Composite, enter 'X:', or type a file
          name.  Press Cancel if you choose not to create a composite
          image.  When you specify X:  as your file name, the filename
          has special meaning.  It specifies an X window by id, name,
          or root.  If no name is specified, the window is selected by
          clicking the mouse in the desired window.  See import(1) for
          details.

          A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in
          the image window.  You are now in composite mode.  To exit
          immediately, press ESC.  In composite mode a button press
          has a different effect than described in BUTTONS.  Press a
          button to affect this behavior:

          1    Press to select a location within image window to
               composite your image.

          2    Press and drag to select a composite operation from a
               pop-up menu.  Choose from these composite operations:

                   over
                   in
                   out
                   atop
                   xor
                   plus
                   minus
                   add
                   subtract
                   difference
                   replace

          How each operator behaves is described below.  image window
          is the image currently displayed on your X server and image
          is the image obtained with the File Browser widget.

          over     The result is the union of the two image shapes,
                   with image obscuring image window in the region of
                   overlap.

          in       The result is simply image cut by the shape of
                   image window.  None of the image data of image
                   window is in the result.

          out      The resulting image is image with the shape of
                   image window cut out.

          atop     The result is the same shape as image image window,
                   with image obscuring image window where the image
                   shapes overlap.  Note this differs from over
                   because the portion of image outside image window's
                   shape does not appear in the result.

          xor      The result is the image data from both image and
                   image window that is outside the overlap region.
                   The overlap region is blank.

          plus     The result is just the sum of the image data.
                   Output values are cropped to 255 (no overflow).
                   This operation is independent of the matte
                   channels.

          minus    The result of image - image window, with underflow
                   cropped to zero.  The matte channel is ignored (set
                   to 255, full coverage).

          add      The result of image + image window, with overflow
                   wrapping around (mod 256).

          subtract The result of image - image window, with underflow
                   wrapping around (mod 256).  The add and subtract
                   operators can be used to perform reversible
                   transformations.

          difference
                   The result of abs(image - image window).  This is
                   useful for comparing two very similar images.

          replace  The resulting image is image window replaced with
                   image.  Here the matte information is ignored.

          The image compositor requires a matte, or alpha channel in
          the image for some operations.  This extra channel usually
          defines a mask which represents a sort of a cookie-cutter
          for the image.  This is the case when matte is 255 (full
          coverage) for pixels inside the shape, zero outside, and
          between zero and 255 on the boundary.  If image does not
          have a matte channel, it is initialized with 0 for any pixel
          matching in color to pixel location (0,0), otherwise 255.
          See MATTE EDITING for a method of defining a matte channel.

          Note that matte information for image window is not retained
          for colormapped X server visuals (e.g. StaticColor,
          StaticColor, GrayScale, PseudoColor).  Correct compositing
          behavior may require a TrueColor or DirectColor visual or a
          Standard Colormap.

          Choosing a composite operator is optional.  The default
          operator is over.  However, you must choose a location to
          composite your image and press button 1.  Press and hold
          button 1 before releasing and an outline of the image will
          appear to help you identify your location.

          The actual colors of the composite image is saved.  However,
          the color that appears in image window may be different.
          For example, on a monochrome screen image window will appear
          black or white even though your composited image may have
          many colors.  If the image is saved to a file it is written
          with the correct colors.  To assure the correct colors are
          saved in the final image, any PseudoClass image is promoted
          to DirectClass (see miff(5)).  To force a PseudoClass image
          to remain PseudoClass, use -colors.

     COLOR EDITING
          Changing the the color of a set of pixels is performed
          interactively.  There is no command line argument to edit a
          pixel.  To begin, press button 1 and choose Image Edit from
          the command menu (see BUTTONS).  Alternatively, press e in
          the image window (see KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS).  To exit
          immediately, press ESC.

          A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in
          the image window.  You are now in pixel edit mode.  To exit
          immediately, press ESC. In pixel edit mode a button press
          has a different effect than described in BUTTONS.  Press a
          button to affect this behavior:

          1    Press to select a pixel within the image window to
               change its color.  Additional pixels may be recolored
               as prescibed by the method you choose with button 3.

          2    Press and drag to select a pixel color from a pop-up
               menu.  Choose from these pixel colors:

                   black
                   blue
                   cyan
                   green
                   gray
                   red
                   magenta
                   yellow
                   white
                   Browser...

               Other pixel colors are specified with the color browser
               or by setting the X resources pen1 through pen9.  Refer
               to X RESOURCES for more details.

          3    Press and drag to select a color editing method from a
               pop-up menu.  Choose from these methods:

                   point
                   replace
                   floodfill

               The point method recolors just the single pixel
               selected with the pointer.  The replace method recolors
               any pixel that matches the color of the pixel you
               select with button 1.  Floodfill recolors any pixel
               that matches the color of the pixel you select with
               button 1 and is a neighbor.

          The actual color you request for the pixels is saved in the
          image.  However, the color that appears in your image window
          may be different.  For example, on a monochrome screen the
          pixel will appear black or white even if you choose the
          color red as the font color.  However, the image saved to a
          file with -write is written with red pixels.  To assure the
          correct color text in the final image, any PseudoClass image
          is promoted to DirectClass (see miff(5)).  To force a
          PseudoClass image to remain PseudoClass, use -colors.

     MATTE EDITING
          Matte information within an image is useful for some
          operations such as image compositing (See IMAGE
          COMPOSITING).  This extra channel usually defines a mask
          which represents a sort of a cookie-cutter for the image.
          This is the case when matte is 255 (full coverage) for
          pixels inside the shape, zero outside, and between zero and
          255 on the boundary.

          Setting the matte information in an image is done
          interactively.  There is no command line argument to edit a
          pixel.  To begin, press button 1 and choose Matte Edit from
          the command menu (see BUTTONS).  Alternatively, press e in
          the image window (see KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS).  To exit
          immediately, press ESC.

          A small window appears showing the location of the cursor in
          the image window.  You are now in matte edit mode.  To exit
          immediately, press ESC. In matte edit mode a button press
          has a different effect than described in BUTTONS.  Press a
          button to affect this behavior:

          1    Press to select a pixel within the image window to
               change its matte value.  Additional pixels may have
               their matte values changed as prescibed by the method
               you choose with button 3.

          2    Press an a dialog appears requesting a matte value.
               Enter a value between 0 and 255.  This value is
               assigned as the matte value of the selected pixel or
               pixels.

          3    Press and drag to select a matte editing method from a
               pop-up menu.  Choose from these methods:

                   point
                   replace
                   floodfill

               The point method changes the matte value of the single
               pixel selected with the pointer.  The replace method
               changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the
               color of the pixel you select with button 1.  Floodfill
               changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the
               color of the pixel you select with button 1 and is a
               neighbor.

          Matte information is only valid in a DirectClass image.
          Therefore, any PseudoClass image is promoted to DirectClass
          (see miff(5)).  Note that matte information for PseudoClass
          is not retained for colormapped X server visuals (e.g.
          StaticColor, StaticColor, GrayScale, PseudoColor) unless you
          immediatelysave your image to a file (refer to Write).
          Correct matte editing behavior may require a TrueColor or
          DirectColor visual or a Standard Colormap.

     ENVIRONMENT
          display
               To get the default host, display number, and screen.

     SEE ALSO
          animate(1), import(1), montage(1), mogrify(1), convert(1),
          segment(1), combine(1), xtp(1)

     COPYRIGHT
          Copyright 1994 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company

          Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this
          software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby
          granted without fee, provided that the above copyright
          notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright
          notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
          documentation, and that the name of E. I. du Pont de Nemours
          and Company not be used in advertising or publicity
          pertaining to distribution of the software without specific,
          written prior permission.  E. I. du Pont de Nemours and
          Company makes no representations about the suitability of
          this software for any purpose.  It is provided "as is"
          without express or implied warranty.

          E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company disclaims all
          warranties with regard to this software, including all
          implied warranties of merchantability and fitness, in no
          event shall E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company be liable
          for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any
          damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or
          profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or
          other tortuous action, arising out of or in connection with
          the use or performance of this software.

     ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
          The MIT X Consortium for making network transparent graphics
          a reality.

          Rod Bogart and John W. Peterson, University of Utah.  Image
          compositing is loosely based on rlecomp of the Utah Raster
          Toolkit.

          Michael Halle, Spatial Imaging Group at MIT, for the initial
          implementation of Alan Paeth's image rotation algorithm.

          David Pensak, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, for
          providing a computing environment that made this program
          possible.

          Paul Raveling, USC Information Sciences Institute, for the
          original idea of using space subdivision for the color
          reduction algorithm.

     AUTHORS
          John Cristy, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
          Incorporated

     Page 30                                        (printed 10/27/94)