-CITE-
    49 USC CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH    01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION
    SUBTITLE VII - AVIATION PROGRAMS
    PART A - AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY
    subpart iii - safety
    CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH

-HEAD-
             CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH         

-MISC1-
    Sec.                                                     
    44501.      Plans and policy.                                     
    44502.      General facilities and personnel authority.           
    44503.      Reducing nonessential expenditures.                   
    44504.      Improved aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers, and
                 appliances.                                          
    44505.      Systems, procedures, facilities, and devices.         
    44506.      Air traffic controllers.                              
    44507.      Civil aeromedical research.                           
    44508.      Research advisory committee.                          
    44509.      Demonstration projects.                               
    44510.      Airway science curriculum grants.                     
    44511.      Aviation research grants.                             
    44512.      Catastrophic failure prevention research grants.      
    44513.      Regional centers of air transportation excellence.    
    44514.      Flight service stations.                              
    44515.      Advanced training facilities for maintenance
                 technicians for air carrier aircraft.                
    44516.      Human factors program.                                
    44517.      Program to permit cost sharing of air traffic
                 modernization projects.                              

                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2003 - Pub. L. 108-176, title I, Sec. 183(b), Dec. 12, 2003, 117
    Stat. 2517, added item 44517.
      2000 - Pub. L. 106-181, title VII, Sec. 713(c), Apr. 5, 2000, 114
    Stat. 161, added item 44516.

-End-

-CITE-
    49 USC Sec. 44501                                           01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION
    SUBTITLE VII - AVIATION PROGRAMS
    PART A - AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY
    subpart iii - safety
    CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH

-HEAD-
    Sec. 44501. Plans and policy

-STATUTE-
      (a) Long Range Plans and Policy Requirements. - The Administrator
    of the Federal Aviation Administration shall make long range plans
    and policy for the orderly development and use of the navigable
    airspace, and the orderly development and location of air
    navigation facilities, that will best meet the needs of, and serve
    the interests of, civil aeronautics and the national defense,
    except for needs of the armed forces that are peculiar to air
    warfare and primarily of military concern.
      (b) Airway Capital Investment Plan. - The Administrator of the
    Federal Aviation Administration shall review, revise, and publish a
    national airways system plan, known as the Airway Capital
    Investment Plan, before the beginning of each fiscal year. The plan
    shall set forth - 
        (1) for a 10-year period, the research, engineering, and
      development programs and the facilities and equipment that the
      Administrator considers necessary for a system of airways, air
      traffic services, and navigation aids that will - 
          (A) meet the forecasted needs of civil aeronautics;
          (B) meet the requirements that the Secretary of Defense
        establishes for the support of the national defense; and
          (C) provide the highest degree of safety in air commerce;

        (2) for the first and 2d years of the plan, detailed annual
      estimates of - 
          (A) the number, type, location, and cost of acquiring,
        operating, and maintaining required facilities and services;
          (B) the cost of research, engineering, and development
        required to improve safety, system capacity, and efficiency;
        and
          (C) personnel levels required for the activities described in
        subclauses (A) and (B) of this clause;

        (3) for the 3d, 4th, and 5th years of the plan, estimates of
      the total cost of each major program for the 3-year period, and
      additional major research programs, acquisition of systems and
      facilities, and changes in personnel levels that may be required
      to meet long range objectives and that may have significant
      impact on future funding requirements; and
        (4) a 10-year investment plan that considers long range
      objectives that the Administrator considers necessary to - 
          (A) ensure that safety is given the highest priority in
        providing for a safe and efficient airway system; and
          (B) meet the current and projected growth of aviation and the
        requirements of interstate commerce, the United States Postal
        Service, and the national defense.

      (c) National Aviation Research Plan. - (1) The Administrator of
    the Federal Aviation Administration shall prepare and publish
    annually a national aviation research plan and submit the plan to
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
    Senate and the Committee on Science of the House of
    Representatives. The plan shall be submitted not later than the
    date of submission of the President's budget to Congress.
      (2)(A) The plan shall describe, for a 5-year period, the
    research, engineering, and development that the Administrator of
    the Federal Aviation Administration considers necessary - 
        (i) to ensure the continued capacity, safety, and efficiency of
      aviation in the United States, considering emerging technologies
      and forecasted needs of civil aeronautics; and
        (ii) to provide the highest degree of safety in air travel.

      (B) The plan shall - 
        (i) provide estimates by year of the schedule, cost, and work
      force levels for each active and planned major research and
      development project under sections 40119, 44504, 44505, 44507,
      44509, 44511-44513, and 44912 of this title, including activities
      carried out under cooperative agreements with other Federal
      departments and agencies;
        (ii) specify the goals and the priorities for allocation of
      resources among the major categories of research and development
      activities, including the rationale for the priorities
      identified;
        (iii) identify the allocation of resources among long-term
      research, near-term research, and development activities;
        (iv) identify the individual research and development projects
      in each funding category that are described in the annual budget
      request;
        (v) highlight the research and development activities that
      address specific recommendations of the research advisory
      committee established under section 44508 of this title, and
      document the recommendations of the committee that are not
      accepted, specifying the reasons for nonacceptance; and
        (vi) highlight the research and development technology transfer
      activities that promote technology sharing among government,
      industry, and academia through the Stevenson-Wydler Technology
      Innovation Act of 1980.

      (3) Subject to section 40119(b) of this title and regulations
    prescribed under section 40119(b), the Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration shall submit to the committees named in
    paragraph (1) of this subsection an annual report on the
    accomplishments of the research completed during the prior fiscal
    year, including a description of the dissemination to the private
    sector of research results and a description of any new
    technologies developed. The report shall be submitted with the plan
    required under paragraph (1) and be organized to allow comparison
    with the plan in effect for the prior fiscal year. The report shall
    be prepared in accordance with requirements of section 1116 of
    title 31.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1173; Pub. L.
    104-264, title XI, Sec. 1105, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3279; Pub. L.
    104-287, Sec. 5(74), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3396; Pub. L. 106-
    181, title IX, Sec. 902(a), Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 195.)

-MISC1-

                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
      Revised       Source (U.S. Code)       Source (Statutes at Large) 
      Section                                                           
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    44501(a)       49 App.:1353(a).        Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L.       
                                            85-726, Sec. 312(a), 72     
                                            Stat. 752.                  
                   49 App.:1655(c)(1).     Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L.       
                                            89-670, Sec. 6(c)(1), 80    
                                            Stat. 938; Jan. 12, 1983,   
                                            Pub. L. 97-449, Sec. 7(b),  
                                            96 Stat. 2444.              
    44501(b)       49 App.:2203(b).        Sept. 3, 1982, Pub. L.       
                                            97-248, Sec. 504(b), 96     
                                            Stat. 675; Nov. 5, 1990,    
                                            Pub. L. 101-508, Sec.       
                                            9105(a), 104 Stat. 1388-355;
                                            Oct. 31, 1992, Pub. L.      
                                            102-581, Sec. 114, 106 Stat.
                                            4881.                       
    44501(c)       49 App.:1353(d).        Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L.       
                                            85-726, 72 Stat. 731, Sec.  
                                            312(d); added Nov. 3, 1988, 
                                            Pub. L. 100-591, Sec. 4(a), 
                                            102 Stat. 3011.             
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

      In subsection (a), the word "Administrator" in section 312(a) of
    the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (Public Law 85-726, 72 Stat. 752)
    is retained on authority of 49:106(g). The words "air navigation
    facilities" are substituted for "landing areas, Federal airways,
    radar installations and all other aids and facilities for air
    navigation" because of the definition of "air navigation facility"
    in section 40102(a) of the revised title. The words "the armed
    forces" are substituted for "military agencies" because of 10:101.
      In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words "the requirements
    of" are omitted as surplus. The text of 49 App.:2203(b) (1st
    sentence) is omitted as executed. The words "thereafter" and "For
    fiscal year 1991 and thereafter" are omitted as obsolete. In
    clauses (2)(C) and (3), the word "personnel" is substituted for
    "manpower" for consistency in the revised title. In clause (2)(C),
    the word "all" is omitted as surplus.
      In subsection (c), before clause (1), the word "completed" is
    omitted as surplus.
      In subsection (d)(1), the words "review, revise" are omitted as
    surplus. The word "annually" is substituted for "for fiscal year
    1990, and for each fiscal year thereafter" to eliminate obsolete
    language.
      In subsection (d)(2)(B), before clause (i), the words "an
    appropriation" are substituted for "funding", and in clause (ii),
    the word "appropriations" is substituted for "funding", for clarity
    and consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the
    United States Code.
      In subsection (d)(3), the words "beginning with the date of
    transmission of the first aviation research plan as required by
    paragraph (1)" are omitted as obsolete.

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      The Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980, referred
    to in subsec. (c)(2)(B)(vi), is Pub. L. 96-480, Oct. 21, 1980, 94
    Stat. 2311, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 63
    (Sec. 3701 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete
    classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set
    out under section 3701 of Title 15 and Tables.

-MISC2-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2000 - Subsec. (c)(2)(B)(iv) to (vi). Pub. L. 106-181, Sec.
    902(a)(1), added cls. (iv) and (vi) and redesignated former cl.
    (iv) as (v).
      Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 106-181, Sec. 902(a)(2), inserted at end
    "The report shall be prepared in accordance with requirements of
    section 1116 of title 31."
      1996 - Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 104-287 substituted "Committee on
    Science" for "Committee on Science, Space, and Technology".
      Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 104-264, Sec. 1105(1), substituted "5-
    year period" for "15-year period".
      Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 104-264, Sec. 1105(2), amended subpar.
    (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) set out the
    requirements for research plans including specific requirements for
    the first two years of the plan, for the 3rd, 4th, and 5th years,
    and for the 6th and subsequent years.
      Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 104-264, Sec. 1105(3), inserted ",
    including a description of the dissemination to the private sector
    of research results and a description of any new technologies
    developed" after "during the prior fiscal year".

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT                 
      Amendment by Pub. L. 106-181 applicable only to fiscal years
    beginning after Sept. 30, 1999, see section 3 of Pub. L. 106-181,
    set out as a note under section 106 of this title.

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT                 
      Except as otherwise specifically provided, amendment by Pub. L.
    104-264 applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30,
    1996, and not to be construed as affecting funds made available for
    a fiscal year ending before Oct. 1, 1996, see section 3 of Pub. L.
    104-264, set out as a note under section 106 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    49 USC Sec. 44502                                           01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION
    SUBTITLE VII - AVIATION PROGRAMS
    PART A - AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY
    subpart iii - safety
    CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH

-HEAD-
    Sec. 44502. General facilities and personnel authority

-STATUTE-
      (a) General Authority. - (1) The Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration may - 
        (A) acquire, establish, improve, operate, and maintain air
      navigation facilities; and
        (B) provide facilities and personnel to regulate and protect
      air traffic.

      (2) The cost of site preparation work associated with acquiring,
    establishing, or improving an air navigation facility under
    paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection shall be charged to amounts
    available for that purpose appropriated under section 48101(a) of
    this title. The Secretary of Transportation may make an agreement
    with an airport owner or sponsor (as defined in section 47102 of
    this title) so that the owner or sponsor will provide the work and
    be paid or reimbursed by the Secretary from the appropriated
    amounts.
      (3) The Secretary of Transportation may authorize a department,
    agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government to carry
    out any duty or power under this subsection with the consent of the
    head of the department, agency, or instrumentality.
      (4) Purchase of instrument landing system. - 
        (A) Establishment of program. - The Secretary shall purchase
      precision approach instrument landing system equipment for
      installation at airports on an expedited basis.
        (B) Authorization. - No less than $30,000,000 of the amounts
      appropriated under section 48101(a) for each of fiscal years 2000
      through 2002 shall be used for the purpose of carrying out this
      paragraph, including acquisition under new or existing contracts,
      site preparation work, installation, and related expenditures.

      (5) Improvements on leased properties. - The Administrator may
    make improvements to real property leased for no or nominal
    consideration for an air navigation facility, regardless of whether
    the cost of making the improvements exceeds the cost of leasing the
    real property, if - 
        (A) the improvements primarily benefit the Government;
        (B) the improvements are essential for accomplishment of the
      mission of the Federal Aviation Administration; and
        (C) the interest of the United States Government in the
      improvements is protected.

      (b) Certification of Necessity. - Except for Government money
    expended under this part or for a military purpose, Government
    money may be expended to acquire, establish, construct, operate,
    repair, alter, or maintain an air navigation facility only if the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration certifies in
    writing that the facility is reasonably necessary for use in air
    commerce or for the national defense. An interested person may
    apply for a certificate for a facility to be acquired, established,
    constructed, operated, repaired, altered, or maintained by or for
    the person.
      (c) Ensuring Conformity With Plans and Policies. - (1) To ensure
    conformity with plans and policies for, and allocation of, airspace
    by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration under
    section 40103(b)(1) of this title, a military airport, military
    landing area, or missile or rocket site may be acquired,
    established, or constructed, or a runway may be altered
    substantially, only if the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration is given reasonable prior notice so that the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration may advise the
    appropriate committees of Congress and interested departments,
    agencies, and instrumentalities of the Government on the effect of
    the acquisition, establishment, construction, or alteration on the
    use of airspace by aircraft. A disagreement between the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration and the
    Secretary of Defense or the Administrator of the National
    Aeronautics and Space Administration may be appealed to the
    President for a final decision.
      (2) To ensure conformity, an airport or landing area not
    involving the expenditure of Government money may be established or
    constructed, or a runway may be altered substantially, only if the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration is given
    reasonable prior notice so that the Administrator may provide
    advice on the effects of the establishment, construction, or
    alteration on the use of airspace by aircraft.
      (d) Public Use and Emergency Assistance. - (1) The head of a
    department, agency, or instrumentality of the Government having
    jurisdiction over an air navigation facility owned or operated by
    the Government may provide, under regulations the head of the
    department, agency, or instrumentality prescribes, for public use
    of the facility.
      (2) The head of a department, agency, or instrumentality of the
    Government having jurisdiction over an airport or emergency landing
    field owned or operated by the Government may provide, under
    regulations the head of the department, agency, or instrumentality
    prescribes, for assistance, and the sale of fuel, oil, equipment,
    and supplies, to an aircraft, but only when necessary, because of
    an emergency, to allow the aircraft to continue to the nearest
    airport operated by private enterprise. The head of the department,
    agency, or instrumentality shall provide for the assistance and
    sale at the prevailing local fair market value as determined by the
    head of the department, agency, or instrumentality. An amount that
    the head decides is equal to the cost of the assistance provided
    and the fuel, oil, equipment, and supplies sold shall be credited
    to the appropriation from which the cost was paid. The balance
    shall be credited to miscellaneous receipts.
      (e) Transfers of Instrument Landing Systems. - An airport may
    transfer, without consideration, to the Administrator of the
    Federal Aviation Administration an instrument landing system (and
    associated approach lighting equipment and runway visual range
    equipment) that conforms to performance specifications of the
    Administrator if a Government airport aid program, airport
    development aid program, or airport improvement project grant was
    used to assist in purchasing the system. The Administrator shall
    accept the system and operate and maintain it under criteria of the
    Administrator.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1175; Pub. L.
    103-305, title I, Sec. 120(a), Aug. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 1581; Pub.
    L. 103-429, Sec. 6(54), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4385; Pub. L. 104-
    287, Sec. 5(75), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3396; Pub. L. 106-181,
    title I, Sec. 153, title VII, Sec. 712, Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 87,
    160.)

-MISC1-

                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
                              PUB. L. 103-272                          
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
      Revised       Source (U.S. Code)       Source (Statutes at Large) 
      Section                                                           
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    44502(a)(1)    49 App.:1348(b)         Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L.       
                    (1st sentence less      85-726, Sec. 307(b) (1st    
                    cl. (3)).               sentence less cl. (3), 2d   
                                            sentence), 72 Stat. 750;    
                                            Jan. 12, 1983, Pub. L.      
                                            97-449, Sec. 4(c), 96 Stat. 
                                            2442.                       
                   49 App.:1655(c)(1).     Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L.       
                                            89-670, Sec. 6(c)(1), 80    
                                            Stat. 938; Jan. 12, 1983,   
                                            Pub. L. 97-449, Sec. 7(b),  
                                            96 Stat. 2444.              
    44502(a)(2)    49 App.:2205(a)(3).     Sept. 3, 1982, Pub. L.       
                                            97-248, Sec. 506(a)(3), 96  
                                            Stat. 677; Dec. 30, 1987,   
                                            Pub. L. 100-223, Sec.       
                                            105(a)(1), (g)(1), 101 Stat.
                                            1489, 1494.                 
    44502(a)(3)    49 App.:1348(b) (2d                                  
                    sentence).                                          
    44502(b)       49 App.:1349(a)         Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L.       
                    (1st, 2d sentences).     85-726, Secs. 308(a) (1st,  
                                            2d sentences), (b), 309,    
                                            1107, 72 Stat. 750, 751, 798.
                   49 App.:1655(c)(1).                                  
    44502(c)(1)    49 App.:1349(b).                                     
                   49 App.:1655(c)(1).                                  
    44502(c)(2)    49 App.:1350.                                        
                   49 App.:1655(c)(1).                                  
    44502(d)       49 App.:1507.                                        
    44502(e)       49 App.:1743.           Aug. 11, 1959, Pub. L.       
                                            86-154, 73 Stat. 333.       
    44502(f)       49 App.:2205            Nov. 21, 1989, Pub. L.       
                    (notes).                101-164, Sec. 331, 103 Stat.
                                            1097.                       
                                           Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L.        
                                            101-516, Sec. 324, 104 Stat.
                                            2182.                       
                                           Oct. 28, 1991, Pub. L.       
                                            102-143, Sec. 324, 105 Stat.
                                            943.                        
                                           Oct. 6, 1992, Pub. L.        
                                            102-388, Sec. 324, 106 Stat.
                                            1547.                       
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

      In this section, the words "department, agency, or
    instrumentality of the United States Government" are substituted
    for "Federal department or agency" in 49 App.:1348(b), "agencies"
    in 49 App.:1349(b), and "department or other agency" and
    "Government department or other agency" in 49 App.:1507 for
    consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the
    United States Code.
      In subsections (a)(1), (b), and (c), the word "Administrator" in
    sections 303(c) (1st sentence), 307(b), 308(a) (1st and 2d
    sentences) and (b), and 309 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958
    (Public Law 85-726, 72 Stat. 750, 751) is retained on authority of
    49:106(g).
      In subsection (a)(1), before clause (A), the words "within the
    limits of available appropriations made by the Congress" are
    omitted as surplus. In clause (A), the words "wherever necessary"
    are omitted as surplus. In clause (B), the word "necessary" is
    omitted as surplus.
      In subsection (a)(2), the words "by the Secretary" and "to the
    Secretary" are omitted as surplus. The last sentence is substituted
    for 49 App.:2205(a)(3) (last sentence) to eliminate unnecessary
    words.
      In subsection (a)(3), the words "subject to such regulations,
    supervision, and review as he may prescribe" are omitted because of
    49:322(a). The words "from time to time make such provision as he
    shall deem appropriate" are omitted as surplus. The words "duty or
    power" are substituted for "function" for consistency in the
    revised title and with other titles of the Code. The words "the
    head of" are added for clarity and consistency.
      In subsection (b), the words "(whether or not in cooperation with
    State or other local governmental agencies)" and "thereon" are
    omitted as surplus. The words "landing area" are omitted as being
    included in the definition of "air navigation facility" in section
    40102(a) of the revised title. The words "recommendation and" are
    omitted as surplus. The words "under regulations prescribed by him"
    are omitted because of 49:322(a). The word "proposed" is omitted as
    surplus. The word "acquired" is added for consistency in this
    subsection.
      In subsection (c)(1), the words "In order", "layout", and "In
    case of . . . the matter" are omitted as surplus. The words
    "Secretary of Defense" are substituted for "Department of Defense"
    because of 10:133(a). The words "the Administrator of" are added
    because of 42:2472(a).
      In subsection (c)(2), the word "layout" is omitted as surplus.
    The words "pursuant to regulations prescribed by him" are omitted
    because of 49:322(a). The words "the establishment, building, or
    alteration" are substituted for "such construction" for clarity and
    consistency in this section.
      In subsection (d)(1), the words "under such conditions and to
    such extent as . . . deems advisable and" are omitted as surplus.
    The word "provide" is substituted for "be made available", and the
    words "of the facility" are added, for clarity.
      In subsection (d)(2), the words "All amounts received under this
    subsection shall be covered into the Treasury" are omitted because
    of 31:3302(b). The words "services, shelter . . . other" and "if
    any" are omitted as surplus.
      In subsection (e), the words "or compact" are omitted as surplus.
    The words "or States" are omitted because of 1:1. The text of 49
    App.:1743 (last sentence) is omitted as surplus.
      In subsection (f), the words "Notwithstanding any other provision
    of law" and "thereafter" are omitted as surplus.

                              PUB. L. 103-429                          
      This amends 49:44502(b) to clarify the restatement of 49
    App.:1349(a) (1st, 2d sentences) by section 1 of the Act of July 5,
    1994 (Public Law 103-272, 108 Stat. 1175).

                      PUB. L. 104-287, SEC. 5(75)(A)                  
      This amends 49:44502(c)(1) to correct an error in the
    codification enacted by section 1 of the Act of July 5, 1994
    (Public Law 103-272, 108 Stat. 1175).

                      PUB. L. 104-287, SEC. 5(75)(B)                  
      This strikes 49:44502(e) and redesignates 49:44502(f) as
    49:44502(e) because of the restatement of former 49:44502(e) as
    49:40121.

                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2000 - Subsec. (a)(4)(B). Pub. L. 106-181, Sec. 153, substituted
    "each of fiscal years 2000 through 2002" for "each of fiscal years
    1995 and 1996" and inserted "under new or existing contracts" after
    "including acquisition".
      Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 106-181, Sec. 712, added par. (5).
      1996 - Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 104-287, Sec. 5(75)(A),
    substituted "To ensure" for "To ensure that".
      Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 104-287, Sec. 5(75)(B), redesignated
    subsec. (f) as (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which read as
    follows:
      "(e) Consent of Congress. - Congress consents to a State making
    an agreement, not in conflict with a law of the United States, with
    another State to develop or operate an airport facility."
      1994 - Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 103-305 added par. (4).
      Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103-429 inserted "Government" before "money
    may be expended".

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT                 
      Amendment by Pub. L. 106-181 applicable only to fiscal years
    beginning after Sept. 30, 1999, see section 3 of Pub. L. 106-181,
    set out as a note under section 106 of this title.

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1994 AMENDMENT                 
      Amendment by Pub. L. 103-429 effective July 5, 1994, see section
    9 of Pub. L. 103-429, set out as a note under section 321 of this
    title.

       PILOT PROGRAM FOR INNOVATIVE FINANCING OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
                                 EQUIPMENT
      Pub. L. 108-176, title I, Sec. 182, Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat.
    2515, provided that:
      "(a) In General. - In order to test the cost effectiveness and
    feasibility of long-term financing of modernization of major air
    traffic control systems, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration may establish a pilot program to test innovative
    financing techniques through amending, subject to section 1341 of
    title 31, United States Code, a contract for more than one, but not
    more than 20, fiscal years to purchase and install air traffic
    control equipment for the Administration. Such amendments may be
    for more than one, but not more than 10, fiscal years.
      "(b) Cancellation. - A contract described in subsection (a) may
    include a cancellation provision if the Administrator determines
    that such a provision is necessary and in the best interest of the
    United States. Any such provision shall include a cancellation
    liability schedule that covers reasonable and allocable costs
    incurred by the contractor through the date of cancellation plus
    reasonable profit, if any, on those costs. Any such provision shall
    not apply if the contract is terminated by default of the
    contractor.
      "(c) Contract Provisions. - If feasible and practicable for the
    pilot program, the Administrator may make an advance contract
    provision to achieve economic-lot purchases and more efficient
    production rates.
      "(d) Limitation. - The Administrator may not amend a contract
    under this section until the program for the terminal automation
    replacement systems has been rebaselined in accordance with the
    acquisition management system of the Administration.
      "(e) Annual Reports. - At the end of each fiscal year during the
    term of the pilot program, the Administrator shall transmit to the
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate
    and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House
    of Representatives a report on how the Administrator has
    implemented in such fiscal year the pilot program, the number and
    types of contracts or contract amendments that are entered into
    under the program, and the program's cost effectiveness.
      "(f) Funding. - Out of amounts appropriated under section 48101
    [probably means section 48101 of title 49, United States Code] for
    fiscal year 2004, such sums as may be necessary shall be available
    to carry out this section."

                       ENHANCED VISION TECHNOLOGIES                   
      Pub. L. 106-181, title I, Sec. 124, Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 75,
    provided that:
      "(a) Study. - The Administrator [of the Federal Aviation
    Administration] shall enter into a cooperative research and
    development agreement to study the benefits of utilizing enhanced
    vision technologies to replace, enhance, or add to conventional
    airport approach and runway lighting systems.
      "(b) Report. - Not later than 180 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act [Apr. 5, 2000], the Administrator shall
    transmit to Congress a progress report on the work accomplished
    under the cooperative agreements detailing the evaluations
    performed to determine the potential of enhanced vision technology
    to meet the operational requirements of the intended application.
      "(c) Certification. - Not later than 180 days after the
    conclusion of work under the research agreements, the Administrator
    shall transmit to Congress a report on the potential of enhanced
    vision technology to satisfy the operational requirements of the
    Federal Aviation Administration and a schedule for the development
    of performance standards for certification appropriate to the
    application of the enhanced vision technologies. If the
    Administrator certifies an enhanced vision technology as meeting
    such performance standards, the technology shall be treated as a
    navigation aid or other aid for purposes of section 47102(3)(B)(i)
    of title 49, United States Code."

     TRANSFER BY AIRPORTS OF INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEMS AND ASSOCIATED
               EQUIPMENT TO FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
      Pub. L. 109-115, div. A, title I, Sec. 101, Nov. 30, 2005, 119
    Stat. 2401, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of
    law, airports may transfer without consideration to the Federal
    Aviation Administration (FAA) instrument landing systems (along
    with associated approach lighting equipment and runway visual range
    equipment) which conform to FAA design and performance
    specifications, the purchase of which was assisted by a Federal
    airport-aid program, airport development aid program or airport
    improvement program grant: Provided, That the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall accept such equipment, which shall thereafter
    be operated and maintained by FAA in accordance with agency
    criteria."
      Similar provisions were contained in the following prior
    appropriation acts:
      Pub. L. 108-447, div. H, title I, Sec. 101, Dec. 8, 2004, 118
    Stat. 3203.
      Pub. L. 108-199, div. F, title I, Sec. 101, Jan. 23, 2004, 118
    Stat. 284.
      Pub. L. 108-7, div. I, title III, Sec. 313, Feb. 20, 2003, 117
    Stat. 410.
      Pub. L. 107-87, title III, Sec. 313, Dec. 18, 2001, 115 Stat.
    858.
      Pub. L. 106-346, Sec. 101(a) [title III, Sec. 314], Oct. 23,
    2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A-27.
      Pub. L. 106-69, title III, Sec. 314, Oct. 9, 1999, 113 Stat.
    1018.
      Pub. L. 105-277, div. A, Sec. 101(g) [title III, Sec. 314], Oct.
    21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-439, 2681-468.
      Pub. L. 105-66, title III, Sec. 314, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat.
    1443.
      Pub. L. 104-205, title III, Sec. 314, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat.
    2971.
      Pub. L. 104-50, title III, Sec. 317, Nov. 15, 1995, 109 Stat.
    455.
      Pub. L. 103-331, title III, Sec. 317, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat.
    2491, repealed by Pub. L. 104-287, Sec. 7(4), Oct. 11, 1996, 110
    Stat. 3400.

                   COST SAVINGS ASSOCIATED WITH PURCHASE               
      Section 120(b) of Pub. L. 103-305 provided that: "Notwithstanding
    other provisions of law or regulations to the contrary, the
    Administrator [of the Federal Aviation Administration] shall
    establish, within 120 days after the date of the enactment of this
    Act [Aug. 23, 1994], a process through which airport sponsors may
    take advantage of cost savings associated with the purchase and
    installation of instrument landing systems, along with associated
    equipment, under existing or future Federal Aviation Administration
    contracts. The process established by the Administrator may provide
    for the direct reimbursement (including administrative costs) of
    the Administrator by an airport sponsor using grants funds under
    subchapter I of chapter 471 of subtitle VII of title 49, United
    States Code, relating to airport improvement, for the ordering of
    such equipment and installation or for the direct ordering of such
    equipment and installation by an airport sponsor, using such grant
    funds, from the suppliers with which the Administrator has
    contracted."

            GRANDFATHER PROVISION FOR FAA DEMONSTRATION PROJECT        
      Pub. L. 103-260, title IV, Sec. 401, May 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 702,
    provided that:
      "(a) In general. - Notwithstanding the termination of the
    personnel demonstration project for certain Federal Aviation
    Administration employees on June 17, 1994, pursuant to section 4703
    of title 5, United States Code, the Federal Aviation
    Administration, subject to subsection (d), shall continue to pay
    quarterly retention allowance payments in accordance with
    subsection (b) to those employees who are entitled to quarterly
    retention allowance payments under the demonstration project as of
    June 16, 1994.
      "(b) Computation Rules. - 
        "(1) In general. - The amount of each quarterly retention
      allowance payment to which an employee is entitled under
      subsection (a) shall be the amount of the last quarterly
      retention allowance payment paid to such employee under the
      personnel demonstration project prior to June 17, 1994, reduced
      by that portion of the amount of any increase in the employee's
      annual rate of basic pay subsequent to June 17, 1994, from any
      source, which is allocable to the quarter for which the allowance
      is to be paid (or, if applicable, to that portion of the quarter
      for which the allowance is to be paid). For purposes of the
      preceding sentence, the increase in an employee's annual rate of
      basic pay includes - 
          "(A) any increase under section 5303 of title 5, United
        States Code;
          "(B) any increase in locality-based comparability payments
        under section 5304 of such title 5 (except if, or to the extent
        that, such increase is offset by a reduction of an interim
        geographic adjustment under section 302 of the Federal
        Employees Pay Comparability Act of 1990 (5 U.S.C. 5304 note));
          "(C) any establishment or increase in a special rate of pay
        under section 5305 of such title 5;
          "(D) any increase in basic pay pursuant to a promotion under
        section 5334 of such title 5;
          "(E) any periodic step-increase under section 5335 of such
        title 5;
          "(F) any additional step-increase under section 5336 of such
        title 5; and
          "(G) any other increase in annual rate of basic pay under any
        other provision of law.
        "(2) Section rule. - In the case of an employee on leave
      without pay or other similar status for any part of the quarter
      prior to June 17, 1994, based on which the amount of the
      allowance payments for such employee under subsection (a) are
      computed, the 'amount of the last quarterly retention allowance
      payment paid to such employee under the personnel demonstration
      project prior to June 17, 1994' shall, for purposes of paragraph
      (1), be deemed to be the amount of the allowance which would have
      been payable to such employee for such quarter under such project
      had such employee been in pay status throughout such quarter.
      "(c) Termination. - An employee's entitlement to quarterly
    retention allowance payments under this section shall cease when - 
        "(1) the amount of such allowance is reduced to zero under
      subsection (b), or
        "(2) the employee separates or moves to a position in which the
      employee would not, prior to June 17, 1994, have been entitled to
      receive an allowance under the demonstration project,
    whichever is earlier.
      "(d) Special Payment Rule. - The Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration may make payment for the costs incurred
    under the program established by subsection (a) for the period
    between June 18, 1994, and September 30, 1994, following the end of
    the first full pay period that begins on or after October 1, 1994,
    subject to appropriations made available in fiscal year 1995.
      "(e) Study of Recruitment and Retention Incentives. - The
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall conduct
    a study of impediments that may exist to achieving appropriate air
    traffic controller staffing levels at hard-to-staff facilities. In
    conducting such study, the Administrator shall identify and
    evaluate the extent to which special incentives, of a financial or
    non-financial nature, could be useful in recruiting or retaining
    air traffic controllers at such facilities. The Administrator shall
    submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of
    the Senate and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of
    the House of Representatives not later than 180 days after the date
    of enactment of this Act [May 26, 1994] a report on (1) the results
    of such study, (2) planned administrative actions, and (3) any
    recommended legislation."

-End-

-CITE-
    49 USC Sec. 44503                                           01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION
    SUBTITLE VII - AVIATION PROGRAMS
    PART A - AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY
    subpart iii - safety
    CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH

-HEAD-
    Sec. 44503. Reducing nonessential expenditures

-STATUTE-
      The Secretary of Transportation shall attempt to reduce the
    capital, operating, maintenance, and administrative costs of the
    national airport and airway system to the maximum extent
    practicable consistent with the highest degree of aviation safety.
    At least annually, the Secretary shall consult with and consider
    the recommendations of users of the system on ways to reduce
    nonessential expenditures of the United States Government for
    aviation. The Secretary shall give particular attention to a
    recommendation that may reduce, with no adverse effect on safety,
    future personnel requirements and costs to the Government required
    to be recovered from user charges.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1176.)

-MISC1-

                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
      Revised       Source (U.S. Code)       Source (Statutes at Large) 
      Section                                                           
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    44503          49 App.:1704.           July 12, 1976, Pub. L.       
                                            94-353, Sec. 25, 90 Stat.   
                                            885.                        
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

      The words "in accordance with this section" and "due" are omitted
    as surplus. The word "personnel" is substituted for "manpower" for
    consistency in the revised title.

-End-

-CITE-
    49 USC Sec. 44504                                           01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION
    SUBTITLE VII - AVIATION PROGRAMS
    PART A - AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY
    subpart iii - safety
    CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH

-HEAD-
    Sec. 44504. Improved aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers, and
      appliances

-STATUTE-
      (a) Developmental Work and Service Testing. - The Administrator
    of the Federal Aviation Administration may conduct or supervise
    developmental work and service testing to improve aircraft,
    aircraft engines, propellers, and appliances.
      (b) Research. - The Administrator shall conduct or supervise
    research - 
        (1) to develop technologies and analyze information to predict
      the effects of aircraft design, maintenance, testing, wear, and
      fatigue on the life of aircraft, including nonstructural aircraft
      systems, and air safety;
        (2) to develop methods of analyzing and improving aircraft
      maintenance technology and practices, including nondestructive
      evaluation of aircraft structures;
        (3) to assess the fire and smoke resistance of aircraft
      material;
        (4) to develop improved fire and smoke resistant material for
      aircraft interiors;
        (5) to develop and improve fire and smoke containment systems
      for inflight aircraft fires;
        (6) to develop advanced aircraft fuels with low flammability
      and technologies that will contain aircraft fuels to minimize
      post-crash fire hazards; and
        (7) to develop technologies and methods to assess the risk of
      and prevent defects, failures, and malfunctions of products,
      parts, processes, and articles manufactured for use in aircraft,
      aircraft engines, propellers, and appliances that could result in
      a catastrophic failure of an aircraft.

      (c) Authority To Buy Items Offering Special Advantages. - In
    carrying out this section, the Administrator, by negotiation or
    otherwise, may buy or exchange experimental aircraft, aircraft
    engines, propellers, and appliances that the Administrator decides
    may offer special advantages to aeronautics.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1176; Pub. L.
    106-181, title IX, Sec. 904, Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 196.)

-MISC1-

                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
      Revised       Source (U.S. Code)       Source (Statutes at Large) 
      Section                                                           
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    44504(a)       49 App.:1353(b)         Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L.       
                    (1st sentence).         85-726, Sec. 312(b) (1st,   
                                            last sentences), 72 Stat.   
                                            752.                        
                   49 App.:1655(c)(1).     Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L.       
                                            89-670, Sec. 6(c)(1), 80    
                                            Stat. 938; Jan. 12, 1983,   
                                            Pub. L. 97-449, Sec. 7(b),  
                                            96 Stat. 2444.              
    44504(b)       49 App.:1353(b) (2d     Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L.       
                    sentence).              85-726, 72 Stat. 731, Sec.  
                                            312(b) (2d sentence); added 
                                            Nov. 3, 1988, Pub. L.       
                                            100-591, Sec. 2, 102 Stat.  
                                            3011; Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 
                                            101-508, Sec. 9208(a), 104  
                                            Stat. 1388-376.             
    44504(c)       49 App.:1353(b)                                      
                    (last sentence)                                     
                   49 App.:1655(c)(1).                                  
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

      In this section, the word "Administrator" in section 312(b) of
    the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (Public Law 85-726, 72 Stat. 752)
    is retained on authority of 49:106(g).
      In subsection (a), the words "to improve" are substituted for
    "such . . . as tends to the creation of improved" to eliminate
    unnecessary words.

                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2000 - Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 106-181 inserted ", including
    nonstructural aircraft systems," after "life of aircraft".

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT                 
      Amendment by Pub. L. 106-181 applicable only to fiscal years
    beginning after Sept. 30, 1999, see section 3 of Pub. L. 106-181,
    set out as a note under section 106 of this title.

    FAA CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE FOR APPLIED RESEARCH AND TRAINING IN THE
              USE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS IN TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT
      Pub. L. 108-176, title VII, Sec. 708, Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat.
    2582, provided that:
      "(a) In General. - The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall develop a Center for Excellence focused on
    applied research and training on the durability and maintainability
    of advanced materials in transport airframe structures. The Center
    shall - 
        "(1) promote and facilitate collaboration among academia, the
      Federal Aviation Administration's Transportation Division, and
      the commercial aircraft industry, including manufacturers,
      commercial air carriers, and suppliers; and
        "(2) establish goals set to advance technology, improve
      engineering practices, and facilitate continuing education in
      relevant areas of study.
      "(b) Authorization of Appropriations. - There is authorized to be
    appropriated to the Administrator $500,000 for fiscal year 2004 to
    carry out this section."

              ROTORCRAFT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE          
      Pub. L. 108-176, title VII, Sec. 711, Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat.
    2585, provided that:
      "(a) Objective. - The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall establish a rotorcraft initiative with the
    objective of developing, and demonstrating in a relevant
    environment, within 10 years after the date of the enactment of
    this Act [Dec. 12, 2003], technologies to enable rotorcraft with
    the following improvements relative to rotorcraft existing as of
    the date of the enactment of this Act:
        "(1) 80 percent reduction in noise levels on takeoff and on
      approach and landing as perceived by a human observer.
        "(2) Factor of 10 reduction in vibration.
        "(3) 30 percent reduction in empty weight.
        "(4) Predicted accident rate equivalent to that of fixed-wing
      aircraft in commercial service within 10 years after the date of
      the enactment of this Act.
        "(5) Capability for zero-ceiling, zero-visibility operations.
      "(b) Implementation. - Within 180 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 2003], the Administrator of the
    Federal Aviation Administration, in cooperation with the
    Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
    shall provide a plan to the Committee on Science of the House of
    Representatives and to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate for the implementation of the
    initiative described in subsection (a)."

                        SPECIALTY METALS CONSORTIUM                    
      Pub. L. 106-181, title VII, Sec. 742, Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat.
    175, provided that:
      "(a) In General. - The Administrator [of the Federal Aviation
    Administration] may work with a consortium of domestic metal
    producers and aircraft engine manufacturers to improve the quality
    of turbine engine materials and to address melting technology
    enhancements.
      "(b) Report. - Not later than 6 months after entering into an
    agreement with a consortium described in subsection (a), the
    Administrator shall transmit to Congress a report on the goals and
    efforts of the consortium."

-End-

-CITE-
    49 USC Sec. 44505                                           01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION
    SUBTITLE VII - AVIATION PROGRAMS
    PART A - AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY
    subpart iii - safety
    CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH

-HEAD-
    Sec. 44505. Systems, procedures, facilities, and devices

-STATUTE-
      (a) General Requirements. - (1) The Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration shall - 
        (A) develop, alter, test, and evaluate systems, procedures,
      facilities, and devices, and define their performance
      characteristics, to meet the needs for safe and efficient
      navigation and traffic control of civil and military aviation,
      except for needs of the armed forces that are peculiar to air
      warfare and primarily of military concern; and
        (B) select systems, procedures, facilities, and devices that
      will best serve those needs and promote maximum coordination of
      air traffic control and air defense systems.

      (2) The Administrator may make contracts to carry out this
    subsection without regard to section 3324(a) and (b) of title 31.
      (3) When a substantial question exists under paragraph (1) of
    this subsection about whether a matter is of primary concern to the
    armed forces, the Administrator shall decide whether the
    Administrator or the Secretary of the appropriate military
    department has responsibility. The Administrator shall be given
    technical information related to each research and development
    project of the armed forces that potentially applies to, or
    potentially conflicts with, the common system to ensure that
    potential application to the common system is considered properly
    and that potential conflicts with the system are eliminated.
      (b) Research on Human Factors and Simulation Models. - The
    Administrator shall conduct or supervise research - 
        (1) to develop a better understanding of the relationship
      between human factors and aviation accidents and between human
      factors and air safety;
        (2) to enhance air traffic controller, mechanic, and flight
      crew performance;
        (3) to develop a human-factor analysis of the hazards
      associated with new technologies to be used by air traffic
      controllers, mechanics, and flight crews;
        (4) to identify innovative and effective corrective measures
      for human errors that adversely affect air safety; and
        (5) to develop dynamic simulation models of the air traffic
      control system and airport design and operating procedures that
      will provide analytical technology - 
          (A) to predict airport and air traffic control safety and
        capacity problems;
          (B) to evaluate planned research projects; and
          (C) to test proposed revisions in airport and air traffic
        control operations programs.

      (c) Research on Developing and Maintaining a Safe and Efficient
    System. - The Administrator shall conduct or supervise research on -
     
        (1) airspace and airport planning and design;
        (2) airport capacity enhancement techniques;
        (3) human performance in the air transportation environment;
        (4) aviation safety and security;
        (5) the supply of trained air transportation personnel,
      including pilots and mechanics; and
        (6) other aviation issues related to developing and maintaining
      a safe and efficient air transportation system.

      (d) Cooperative Agreements. - The Administrator may enter into
    cooperative agreements on a cost-shared basis with Federal and non-
    Federal entities that the Administrator may select in order to
    conduct, encourage, and promote aviation research, engineering, and
    development, including the development of prototypes and
    demonstration models.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1177; Pub. L.
    103-305, title III, Sec. 307, Aug. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 1593.)

-MISC1-

                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
      Revised       Source (U.S. Code)       Source (Statutes at Large) 
      Section                                                           
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    44505(a)(1)    49 App.:1353(c)         Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L.       
                    (1st sentence).         85-726, Sec. 312(c) (1st,   
                                            5th-last sentences), 72     
                                            Stat. 752.                  
                   49 App.:1655(c)(1).     Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L.       
                                            89-670, Sec. 6(c)(1), 80    
                                            Stat. 938; Jan. 12, 1983,   
                                            Pub. L. 97-449, Sec. 7(b),  
                                            96 Stat. 2444.              
    44505(a)(2)    49 App.:1353(c)                                      
                    (5th sentence).                                     
                   49 App.:1655(c)(1).                                  
    44505(a)(3)    49 App.:1353(c)                                      
                    (6th, last                                          
                    sentences).                                         
                   49 App.:1655(c)(1).                                  
    44505(b)       49 App.:1353(c)         Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L.       
                    (2d, 3d sentences).     85-726, 72 Stat. 731, Sec.  
                                            312(c) (2d, 3d sentences);  
                                            added Nov. 3, 1988, Pub. L. 
                                            100-591, Sec. 3, 102 Stat.  
                                            3011.                       
    44505(c)       49 App.:1353(c)         Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L.       
                    (4th sentence).         85-726, 72 Stat. 731, Sec.  
                                            312(c) (4th sentence); added
                                            Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L.       
                                            101-508, Sec. 9209(c), 104  
                                            Stat. 1388-378.             
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

      In this section, the word "Administrator" in section 312(c) of
    the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (Public Law 85-726, 72 Stat. 752)
    is retained on authority of 49:106(g).
      In subsection (a)(1) and (3), the words "the armed forces" are
    substituted for "military agencies" and "the military" because of
    the definition of "armed forces" in 10:101.
      In subsection (a)(3), the words "military department" are
    substituted for "military agency" because of the definition of
    "military department" in 10:101. The words "the needs of" and "to
    the maximum extent necessary" are omitted as surplus.

                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1994 - Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103-305 added subsec. (d).

      ASSESSMENT OF WAKE TURBULENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM  
      Pub. L. 108-176, title V, Sec. 505, Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat.
    2559, provided that:
      "(a) Assessment. - The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall enter into an arrangement with the National
    Research Council for an assessment of the Federal Aviation
    Administration's proposed wake turbulence research and development
    program. The assessment shall include - 
        "(1) an evaluation of the research and development goals and
      objectives of the program;
        "(2) a listing of any additional research and development
      objectives that should be included in the program;
        "(3) any modifications that will be necessary for the program
      to achieve the program's goals and objectives on schedule and
      within the proposed level of resources; and
        "(4) an evaluation of the roles, if any, that should be played
      by other Federal agencies, such as the National Aeronautics and
      Space Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
      Administration, in wake turbulence research and development, and
      how those efforts could be coordinated.
      "(b) Report. - A report containing the results of the assessment
    shall be provided to the Committee on Science of the House of
    Representatives and to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate not later than 1 year after the date
    of enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 2003].
      "(c) Authorization of Appropriations. - There is authorized to be
    appropriated to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration $500,000 for fiscal year 2004 to carry out this
    section."

           ENSURING APPROPRIATE STANDARDS FOR AIRFIELD PAVEMENTS       
      Pub. L. 108-176, title VII, Sec. 705, Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat.
    2581, provided that:
      "(a) In General. - The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall review and determine whether the Federal
    Aviation Administration's standards used to determine the
    appropriate thickness for asphalt and concrete airfield pavements
    are in accordance with the Federal Aviation Administration's
    standard 20-year-life requirement using the most up-to-date
    available information on the life of airfield pavements. If the
    Administrator determines that such standards are not in accordance
    with that requirement, the Administrator shall make appropriate
    adjustments to the Federal Aviation Administration's standards for
    airfield pavements.
      "(b) Report. - Within 1 year after the date of enactment of this
    Act [Dec. 12, 2003], the Administrator shall report the results of
    the review conducted under subsection (a) and the adjustments, if
    any, made on the basis of that review to the Senate Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the House of
    Representatives Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and
    Committee on Science."

                         USE OF RECYCLED MATERIALS                     
      Pub. L. 106-181, title I, Sec. 157, Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 89,
    provided that:
      "(a) Study. - The Administrator [of the Federal Aviation
    Administration] shall conduct a study of the use of recycled
    materials (including recycled pavements, waste materials, and
    byproducts) in pavement used for runways, taxiways, and aprons and
    the specification standards in tests necessary for the use of
    recycled materials in such pavement. The primary focus of the study
    shall be on the long-term physical performance, safety
    implications, and environmental benefits of using recycled
    materials in aviation pavement.
      "(b) Contracting. - The Administrator may carry out the study by
    entering into a contract with a university of higher education with
    expertise necessary to carry out the study.
      "(c) Report. - Not later than 1 year after the date of the
    enactment of this Act [Apr. 5, 2000], the Administrator shall
    transmit to Congress a report on the results of the study, together
    with recommendations concerning the use of recycled materials in
    aviation pavement.
      "(d) Funding. - Of the amounts appropriated pursuant to section
    106(k) of title 49, United States Code, not to exceed $1,500,000
    may be used to carry out this section."

                       AIRFIELD PAVEMENT CONDITIONS                   
      Pub. L. 106-181, title I, Sec. 160, Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 90,
    provided that:
      "(a) Evaluation of Options. - The Administrator [of the Federal
    Aviation Administration] shall evaluate options for improving the
    quality of information available to the Federal Aviation
    Administration on airfield pavement conditions for airports that
    are part of the national air transportation system, including - 
        "(1) improving the existing runway condition information
      contained in the airport safety data program by reviewing and
      revising rating criteria and providing increased training for
      inspectors;
        "(2) requiring such airports to submit pavement condition index
      information as part of their airport master plan or as support in
      applications for airport improvement grants; and
        "(3) requiring all such airports to submit pavement condition
      index information on a regular basis and using this information
      to create a pavement condition database that could be used in
      evaluating the cost-effectiveness of project applications and
      forecasting anticipated pavement needs.
      "(b) Report to Congress. - Not later than 12 months after the
    date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 5, 2000], the Administrator
    shall transmit a report containing an evaluation of the options
    described in subsection (a) to the Senate Committee on Commerce,
    Science, and Transportation and the House of Representatives
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure."

     PILOT PROGRAM TO PERMIT COST-SHARING OF AIR TRAFFIC MODERNIZATION
                                 PROJECTS
      Pub. L. 106-181, title III, Sec. 304, Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat.
    122, provided that:
      "(a) Purpose. - It is the purpose of this section to improve
    aviation safety and enhance mobility of the Nation's air
    transportation system by encouraging non-Federal investment on a
    pilot program basis in critical air traffic control facilities and
    equipment.
      "(b) In General. - Subject to the requirements of this section,
    the Secretary [of Transportation] shall carry out a pilot program
    under which the Secretary may make grants to project sponsors for
    not more than 10 eligible projects.
      "(c) Federal Share. - The Federal share of the cost of an
    eligible project carried out under the program shall not exceed 33
    percent. The non-Federal share of the cost of an eligible project
    shall be provided from non-Federal sources, including revenues
    collected pursuant to section 40117 of title 49, United States
    Code.
      "(d) Limitation on Grant Amounts. - No eligible project may
    receive more than $15,000,000 under the program.
      "(e) Funding. - The Secretary shall use amounts appropriated
    under section 48101(a) of title 49, United States Code, for fiscal
    years 2001 through 2003 to carry out the program.
      "(f) Definitions. - In this section, the following definitions
    apply:
        "(1) Eligible project. - The term 'eligible project' means a
      project relating to the Nation's air traffic control system that
      is certified or approved by the Administrator [of the Federal
      Aviation Administration] and that promotes safety, efficiency, or
      mobility. Such projects may include - 
          "(A) airport-specific air traffic facilities and equipment,
        including local area augmentation systems, instrument landings
        systems, weather and wind shear detection equipment, lighting
        improvements, and control towers;
          "(B) automation tools to effect improvements in airport
        capacity, including passive final approach spacing tools and
        traffic management advisory equipment; and
          "(C) facilities and equipment that enhance airspace control
        procedures, including consolidation of terminal radar control
        facilities and equipment, or assist in en route surveillance,
        including oceanic and offshore flight tracking.
        "(2) Project sponsor. - The term 'project sponsor' means a
      public-use airport or a joint venture between a public-use
      airport and one or more air carriers.
      "(g) Transfers of Equipment. - Notwithstanding any other
    provision of law, project sponsors may transfer, without
    consideration, to the Federal Aviation Administration, facilities,
    equipment, and automation tools, the purchase of which was assisted
    by a grant made under this section. The Administration shall accept
    such facilities, equipment, and automation tools, which shall
    thereafter be operated and maintained by the Administration in
    accordance with criteria of the Administration.
      "(h) Guidelines. - Not later than 90 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act [Apr. 5, 2000], the Administrator shall issue
    advisory guidelines on the implementation of the program."

                           AIRCRAFT DISPATCHERS                       
      Pub. L. 106-181, title V, Sec. 516, Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 145,
    provided that:
      "(a) Study. - The Administrator [of the Federal Aviation
    Administration] shall conduct a study of the role of aircraft
    dispatchers in enhancing aviation safety.
      "(b) Contents. - The study shall include an assessment of whether
    or not aircraft dispatchers should be required for those operations
    not presently requiring aircraft dispatcher assistance, operational
    control issues related to the aircraft dispatching functions, and
    whether or not designation of positions within the Federal Aviation
    Administration for oversight of dispatchers would enhance aviation
    safety.
      "(c) Report. - Not later than 1 year after the date of the
    enactment of this Act [Apr. 5, 2000], the Administrator shall
    transmit to Congress a report on the results of the study conducted
    under this section."

                 OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES OF AIRPORT WORKERS             
      Pub. L. 106-181, title V, Sec. 520, Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 149,
    provided that:
      "(a) Study. - The Administrator [of the Federal Aviation
    Administration] shall conduct a study to determine the number of
    persons working at airports who are injured or killed as a result
    of being struck by a moving vehicle while on an airport tarmac, the
    seriousness of the injuries to such persons, and whether or not
    reflective safety vests or other actions should be required to
    enhance the safety of such workers.
      "(b) Report. - Not later than 1 year after the date of the
    enactment of this Act [Apr. 5, 2000], the Administrator shall
    transmit to Congress a report on the results of the study conducted
    under this section."

                     ALKALI SILICA REACTIVITY DISTRESS                 
      Pub. L. 106-181, title VII, Sec. 743, Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat.
    175, provided that:
      "(a) In General. - The Administrator [of the Federal Aviation
    Administration] may conduct a study on the impact of alkali silica
    reactivity distress on airport runways and taxiways and the use of
    lithium salts and other alternatives for mitigation and prevention
    of such distress. The study shall include a determination based on
    in-the-field inspections followed by petrographic analysis or other
    similar techniques.
      "(b) Authority To Make Grants. - The Administrator may carry out
    the study by making a grant to, or entering into a cooperative
    agreement with, a nonprofit organization for the conduct of all or
    a part of the study.
      "(c) Report. - Not later than 18 months after the date of
    initiation of the study under subsection (a), the Administrator
    shall transmit to Congress a report on the results of the study."

              RESEARCH PROGRAM TO IMPROVE AIRFIELD PAVEMENTS          
      Pub. L. 108-176, title VII, Sec. 704, Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat.
    2581, provided that:
      "(a) Continuation of Program. - The Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration shall continue the program to consider
    awards to nonprofit concrete and asphalt pavement research
    foundations to improve the design, construction, rehabilitation,
    and repair of airfield pavements to aid in the development of
    safer, more cost effective, and more durable airfield pavements.
      "(b) Use of Grants or Cooperative Agreements. - The Administrator
    may use grants or cooperative agreements in carrying out this
    section.
      "(c) Statutory Construction. - Nothing in this section requires
    the Administrator to prioritize an airfield pavement research
    program above safety, security, Flight 21, environment, or energy
    research programs."
      Pub. L. 106-181, title IX, Sec. 905, Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 196,
    provided that: "The Administrator [of the Federal Aviation
    Administration] shall consider awards to nonprofit concrete
    pavement research foundations to improve the design, construction,
    rehabilitation, and repair of rigid concrete airfield pavements to
    aid in the development of safer, more cost-effective, and durable
    airfield pavements. The Administrator may use a grant or
    cooperative agreement for this purpose. Nothing in this section
    shall require the Administrator to prioritize an airfield pavement
    research program above safety, security, Flight 21, environment, or
    energy research programs."

-End-

-CITE-
    49 USC Sec. 44506                                           01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION
    SUBTITLE VII - AVIATION PROGRAMS
    PART A - AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY
    subpart iii - safety
    CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH

-HEAD-
    Sec. 44506. Air traffic controllers

-STATUTE-
      (a) Research on Effect of Automation on Performance. - To develop
    the means necessary to establish appropriate selection criteria and
    training methodologies for the next generation of air traffic
    controllers, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall conduct research to study the effect of
    automation on the performance of the next generation of air traffic
    controllers and the air traffic control system. The research shall
    include investigating - 
        (1) methods for improving and accelerating future air traffic
      controller training through the application of advanced training
      techniques, including the use of simulation technology;
        (2) the role of automation in the air traffic control system
      and its physical and psychological effects on air traffic
      controllers;
        (3) the attributes and aptitudes needed to function well in a
      highly automated air traffic control system and the development
      of appropriate testing methods for identifying individuals with
      those attributes and aptitudes;
        (4) innovative methods for training potential air traffic
      controllers to enhance the benefits of automation and maximize
      the effectiveness of the air traffic control system; and
        (5) new technologies and procedures for exploiting automated
      communication systems, including Mode S Transponders, to improve
      information transfers between air traffic controllers and
      aircraft pilots.

      (b) Research on Human Factor Aspects of Automation. - The
    Administrators of the Federal Aviation Administration and National
    Aeronautics and Space Administration may make an agreement for the
    use of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's unique
    human factor facilities and expertise in conducting research
    activities to study the human factor aspects of the highly
    automated environment for the next generation of air traffic
    controllers. The research activities shall include investigating - 
        (1) human perceptual capabilities and the effect of computer-
      aided decision making on the workload and performance of air
      traffic controllers;
        (2) information management techniques for advanced air traffic
      control display systems; and
        (3) air traffic controller workload and performance measures,
      including the development of predictive models.

      (c) Collegiate Training Initiative. - (1) The Administrator of
    the Federal Aviation Administration may maintain the Collegiate
    Training Initiative program by making new agreements and continuing
    existing agreements with institutions of higher education (as
    defined by the Administrator) under which the institutions prepare
    students for the position of air traffic controller with the
    Department of Transportation (as defined in section 2109 of title
    5). The Administrator may establish standards for the entry of
    institutions into the program and for their continued
    participation.
      (2)(A) The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
    may appoint an individual who has successfully completed a course
    of training in a program described in paragraph (1) of this
    subsection to the position of air traffic controller
    noncompetitively in the excepted service (as defined in section
    2103 of title 5). An individual appointed under this paragraph
    serves at the pleasure of the Administrator, subject to section
    7511 of title 5. However, an appointment under this paragraph may
    be converted from one in the excepted service to a career
    conditional or career appointment in the competitive civil service
    (as defined in section 2102 of title 5) when the individual
    achieves full performance level air traffic controller status, as
    decided by the Administrator.
      (B) The authority under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph to
    make appointments in the excepted service expires on October 6,
    1997, except that the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration may extend the authority for one or more successive
    one-year periods.
      (d) Staffing Report. - The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall submit annually to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives
    and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
    Senate a report containing - 
        (1) the staffing standards used to determine the number of air
      traffic controllers needed to operate the air traffic control
      system of the United States;
        (2) a 3-year projection of the number of controllers needed to
      be employed to operate the system to meet the standards; and
        (3) a detailed plan for employing the controllers, including
      projected budget requests.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1178; Pub. L.
    104-287, Sec. 5(9), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3389.)

-MISC1-

                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
      Revised       Source (U.S. Code)       Source (Statutes at Large) 
      Section                                                           
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    44506(a),      49 App.:1353 (note).    Nov. 3, 1988, Pub. L.        
     (b)                                    100-591, Sec. 8(a)-(c), 102 
                                            Stat. 3015; Nov. 17, 1988,  
                                            Pub. L. 100-685, Secs.      
                                            601-603, 102 Stat. 4102.    
    44506(c)       49 App.:1348a.          Oct. 6, 1992, Pub. L.        
                                            102-388, Sec. 362, 106 Stat.
                                            1560.                       
    44506(d)       49 App.:1348 (note).    Oct. 31, 1992, Pub. L.       
                                            102-581, Sec. 120, 106 Stat.
                                            4884.                       
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

      In subsections (a) and (b), the text of section 8(a) and (b)(3)
    of the Aviation Safety Research Act of 1988 (Public Law 100-581,
    102 Stat. 3015, 3016) and sections 601 and 602(3) of the National
    Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act, Fiscal Year
    1989 (Public Law 100-685, 102 Stat. 4102, 4103) is omitted as
    executed.
      In subsection (c), the words "institutions of higher education"
    are substituted for "post-secondary educational institutions" for
    consistency in the revised title.

                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1996 - Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104-287 substituted "Transportation
    and Infrastructure" for "Public Works and Transportation".

                            CONTROLLER STAFFING                        
      Pub. L. 108-176, title II, Sec. 221, Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat.
    2526, provided that:
      "(a) Annual Report. - Beginning with the submission of the Budget
    of the United States to the Congress for fiscal year 2005, the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall transmit
    a report to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation and the House of Representatives Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure that describes the overall air
    traffic controller staffing plan, including strategies to address
    anticipated retirement and replacement of air traffic controllers.
      "(b) Human Capital Workforce Strategy. - 
        "(1) Development. - The Administrator shall develop a
      comprehensive human capital workforce strategy to determine the
      most effective method for addressing the need for more air
      traffic controllers that is identified in the June 2002 report of
      the General Accounting Office [now Government Accountability
      Office].
        "(2) Completion date. - Not later than 1 year after the date of
      enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 2003], the Administrator shall
      complete development of the strategy.
        "(3) Report. - Not later than 30 days after the date on which
      the strategy is completed, the Administrator shall transmit to
      Congress a report describing the strategy."

-End-

-CITE-
    49 USC Sec. 44507                                           01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION
    SUBTITLE VII - AVIATION PROGRAMS
    PART A - AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY
    subpart iii - safety
    CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH

-HEAD-
    Sec. 44507. Civil aeromedical research

-STATUTE-
      The Civil Aeromedical Institute established by section 106(j) of
    this title may - 
        (1) conduct civil aeromedical research, including research
      related to - 
          (A) the protection and survival of aircraft occupants;
          (B) medical accident investigation and airman medical
        certification;
          (C) toxicology and the effects of drugs on human performance;
          (D) the impact of disease and disability on human
        performance;
          (E) vision and its relationship to human performance and
        equipment design;
          (F) human factors of flight crews, air traffic controllers,
        mechanics, inspectors, airway facility technicians, and other
        individuals involved in operating and maintaining aircraft and
        air traffic control equipment; and
          (G) agency work force optimization, including training,
        equipment design, reduction of errors, and identification of
        candidate tasks for automation;

        (2) make comments to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation
      Administration on human factors aspects of proposed air safety
      regulations;
        (3) make comments to the Administrator on human factors aspects
      of proposed training programs, equipment requirements, standards,
      and procedures for aviation personnel;
        (4) advise, assist, and represent the Federal Aviation
      Administration in the human factors aspects of joint projects
      between the Administration and the National Aeronautics and Space
      Administration, other departments, agencies, and
      instrumentalities of the United States Government, industry, and
      governments of foreign countries; and
        (5) provide medical consultation services to the Administrator
      about medical certification of airmen.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1179.)

-MISC1-

                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
      Revised       Source (U.S. Code)       Source (Statutes at Large) 
      Section                                                           
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    44507          49 App.:1353(e).        Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L.       
                                            85-726, 72 Stat. 731, Sec.  
                                            312(e); added Nov. 3, 1988, 
                                            Pub. L. 100-591, Sec. 5(b), 
                                            102 Stat. 3013.             
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

      In clause (4), the words "departments, agencies, and
    instrumentalities of the United States Government" are substituted
    for "Government agencies" for consistency in the revised title and
    with other titles of the United States Code.

-End-

-CITE-
    49 USC Sec. 44508                                           01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION
    SUBTITLE VII - AVIATION PROGRAMS
    PART A - AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY
    subpart iii - safety
    CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH

-HEAD-
    Sec. 44508. Research advisory committee

-STATUTE-
      (a) Establishment and Duties. - (1) There is a research advisory
    committee in the Federal Aviation Administration. The committee
    shall - 
        (A) provide advice and recommendations to the Administrator of
      the Federal Aviation Administration about needs, objectives,
      plans, approaches, content, and accomplishments of the aviation
      research program carried out under sections 40119, 44504, 44505,
      44507, 44511-44513, and 44912 of this title;
        (B) assist in ensuring that the research is coordinated with
      similar research being conducted outside the Administration;
        (C) review the operations of the regional centers of air
      transportation excellence established under section 44513 of this
      title; and
        (D) annually review the allocation made by the Administrator of
      the amounts authorized by section 48102(a) of this title among
      the major categories of research and development activities
      carried out by the Administration and provide advice and
      recommendations to the Administrator on whether such allocation
      is appropriate to meet the needs and objectives identified under
      subparagraph (A).

      (2) The Administrator may establish subordinate committees to
    provide advice on specific areas of research conducted under
    sections 40119, 44504, 44505, 44507, 44511-44513, and 44912 of this
    title.
      (b) Members, Chairman, Pay, and Expenses. - (1) The committee is
    composed of not more than 30 members appointed by the Administrator
    from among individuals who are not employees of the Administration
    and who are specially qualified to serve on the committee because
    of their education, training, or experience. In appointing members
    of the committee, the Administrator shall ensure that the regional
    centers of air transportation excellence, universities,
    corporations, associations, consumers, and other departments,
    agencies, and instrumentalities of the United States Government are
    represented.
      (2) The Administrator shall designate the chairman of the
    committee.
      (3) A member of the committee serves without pay. However, the
    Administrator may allow a member, when attending meetings of the
    committee or a subordinate committee, expenses as authorized under
    section 5703 of title 5.
      (c) Support Staff, Information, and Services. - The Administrator
    shall provide support staff for the committee. On request of the
    committee, the Administrator shall provide information,
    administrative services, and supplies that the Administrator
    considers necessary for the committee to carry out its duties and
    powers.
      (d) Nonapplication. - Section 14 of the Federal Advisory
    Committee Act (5 App. U.S.C.) does not apply to the committee.
      (e) Use and Limitation of Amounts. - (1) Not more than .1 percent
    of the amounts made available to conduct research under sections
    40119, 44504, 44505, 44507, 44511-44513, and 44912 of this title
    may be used by the Administrator to carry out this section.
      (2) A limitation on amounts available for obligation by or for
    the committee does not apply to amounts made available to carry out
    this section.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1180; Pub. L.
    104-264, title XI, Sec. 1104, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3279.)

-MISC1-

                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
      Revised       Source (U.S. Code)       Source (Statutes at Large) 
      Section                                                           
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    44508(a)(1)    49 App.:1353(f)(1),     Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L.       
                    (2).                    85-726, 72 Stat. 731, Sec.  
                                            312(f); added Nov. 3, 1988, 
                                            Pub. L. 100-591, Sec. 6, 102
                                            Stat. 3013; Nov. 5, 1990,   
                                            Pub. L. 101-508, Sec.       
                                            9209(b), 104 Stat. 1388-377.
    44508(a)(2)    49 App.:1353(f)(6)                                   
                    (last sentence).                                    
    44508(b)       49                                                   
                    App.:1353(f)(3)-(5).                                 
    44508(c)       49 App.:1353(f)(6)                                   
                    (1st sentence), (7).                                 
    44508(d)       49 App.:1353(f)(8).                                  
    44508(e)       49 App.:1353(f)(9).                                  
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

      In subsection (a)(1), before clause (A), the words "There is a"
    are substituted for "Not later than 180 days after November 3,
    1988, the Administrator shall establish" to eliminate obsolete
    words. In clause (C), the words "operations of" are substituted for
    "research and training to be carried out by" for consistency with
    section 44513 of the revised title.
      In subsection (a)(2), the words "to the advisory committee" are
    omitted as surplus.
      In subsection (b)(1), the words "departments, agencies, and
    instrumentalities" are substituted for "agencies" for consistency
    in the revised title and with other titles of the United States
    Code.
      In subsection (b)(3), the words "travel or transportation" are
    omitted as surplus.
      In subsection (e), the words "for fiscal years beginning after
    September 30, 1988" are omitted as obsolete.

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, referred to in
    subsec. (d), is section 14 of Pub. L. 92-463, which is set out in
    the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

-MISC2-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1996 - Subsec. (a)(1)(D). Pub. L. 104-264 added subpar. (D).

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT                 
      Except as otherwise specifically provided, amendment by Pub. L.
    104-264 applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30,
    1996, and not to be construed as affecting funds made available for
    a fiscal year ending before Oct. 1, 1996, see section 3 of Pub. L.
    104-264, set out as a note under section 106 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    49 USC Sec. 44509                                           01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION
    SUBTITLE VII - AVIATION PROGRAMS
    PART A - AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY
    subpart iii - safety
    CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH

-HEAD-
    Sec. 44509. Demonstration projects

-STATUTE-
      The Secretary of Transportation may carry out under this chapter
    demonstration projects that the Secretary considers necessary for
    research and development activities under this chapter.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1181.)

-MISC1-

                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
      Revised       Source (U.S. Code)       Source (Statutes at Large) 
      Section                                                           
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    44509          49 App.:2205(b)(1).     Sept. 3, 1982, Pub. L.       
                                            97-248, Sec. 506(b)(1), 96  
                                            Stat. 678; restated Dec. 30,
                                            1987, Pub. L. 100-223, Sec. 
                                            105(b)(1), 101 Stat. 1490.  
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

-End-

-CITE-
    49 USC Sec. 44510                                           01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION
    SUBTITLE VII - AVIATION PROGRAMS
    PART A - AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY
    subpart iii - safety
    CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH

-HEAD-
    Sec. 44510. Airway science curriculum grants

-STATUTE-
      (a) General Authority. - The Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration may make competitive grant agreements with
    institutions of higher education having airway science curricula
    for the United States Government's share of the allowable direct
    costs of the following categories of items to the extent that the
    items are in support of airway science curricula:
        (1) the construction, purchase, or lease with an option to
      purchase, of buildings and associated facilities.
        (2) instructional material and equipment.

      (b) Cost Guidelines. - The Administrator shall establish
    guidelines to determine the direct costs allowable under a grant to
    be made under this section. The Government's share of the allowable
    cost of a project assisted by a grant under this section may not be
    more than 65 percent.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1181.)

-MISC1-

                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
      Revised       Source (U.S. Code)       Source (Statutes at Large) 
      Section                                                           
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    44510(a)       49 App.:1354a (1st      Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L.        
                    sentence).              101-516, (1st sentence last 
                                            proviso, 3d, last sentences 
                                            in par. under heading       
                                            "Facilities and Equipment"),
                                            104 Stat. 2160.             
                                           Oct. 28, 1991, Pub. L.       
                                            102-143, (1st sentence last 
                                            proviso, 3d, last sentences 
                                            in par. under heading       
                                            "Facilities and Equipment"),
                                            105 Stat. 922.              
                                           Oct. 6, 1992, Pub. L.        
                                            102-388, (1st sentence last 
                                            proviso, 3d, last sentences 
                                            in par. under heading       
                                            "Facilities and Equipment"),
                                            106 Stat. 1525.             
    44510(b)       49 App.:1354a (3d,                                   
                    last sentences).                                    
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

      In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "With
    appropriations made for the Airway Science Program, as authorized
    below in this section" are omitted as unnecessary because of
    section 48106 of the revised title.
      In subsection (b), the proviso is omitted as executed.

-End-

-CITE-
    49 USC Sec. 44511                                           01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION
    SUBTITLE VII - AVIATION PROGRAMS
    PART A - AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY
    subpart iii - safety
    CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH

-HEAD-
    Sec. 44511. Aviation research grants

-STATUTE-
      (a) General Authority. - The Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration may make grants to institutions of higher
    education and nonprofit research organizations to conduct aviation
    research in areas the Administrator considers necessary for the
    long-term growth of civil aviation.
      (b) Applications. - An institution of higher education or
    nonprofit research organization interested in receiving a grant
    under this section may submit an application to the Administrator.
    The application must be in the form and contain the information the
    Administrator requires.
      (c) Solicitation, Review, and Evaluation Process. - The
    Administrator shall establish a solicitation, review, and
    evaluation process that ensures - 
        (1) providing grants under this section for proposals having
      adequate merit and relevancy to the mission of the
      Administration;
        (2) a fair geographical distribution of grants under this
      section; and
        (3) the inclusion of historically black institutions of higher
      education and other minority nonprofit research organizations for
      grant consideration under this section.

      (d) Records. - Each person receiving a grant under this section
    shall maintain records that the Administrator requires as being
    necessary to facilitate an effective audit and evaluation of the
    use of money provided under the grant.
      (e) Annual Report. - The Administrator shall submit an annual
    report to the Committee on Science of the House of Representatives
    and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
    Senate on carrying out this section.
      (f) Airport Cooperative Research Program. - 
        (1) Establishment. - The Secretary of Transportation shall
      establish a 4-year pilot airport cooperative research program to -
       
          (A) identify problems that are shared by airport operating
        agencies and can be solved through applied research but that
        are not being adequately addressed by existing Federal research
        programs; and
          (B) fund research to address those problems.

        (2) Governance. - The Secretary of Transportation shall appoint
      an independent governing board for the research program
      established under this subsection. The governing board shall be
      appointed from candidates nominated by national associations
      representing public airport operating agencies, airport
      executives, State aviation officials, and the scheduled airlines,
      and shall include representatives of appropriate Federal
      agencies. Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act shall
      not apply to the governing board.
        (3) Implementation. - The Secretary of Transportation shall
      enter into an arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences
      to provide staff support to the governing board established under
      paragraph (2) and to carry out projects proposed by the governing
      board that the Secretary considers appropriate.
        (4) Report. - Not later than 6 months after the expiration of
      the program under this subsection, the Secretary shall transmit
      to the Congress a report on the program, including
      recommendations as to the need for establishing a permanent
      airport cooperative research program.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1181; Pub. L.
    104-287, Sec. 5(74), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3396; Pub. L. 108-
    176, title VII, Sec. 712, Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2586.)

-MISC1-

                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
      Revised       Source (U.S. Code)       Source (Statutes at Large) 
      Section                                                           
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    44511          49 App.:1353(g).        Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L.       
                                            85-726, 72 Stat. 731, Sec.  
                                            312(g); added Nov. 5, 1990, 
                                            Pub. L. 101-508, Sec.       
                                            9205(a), 104 Stat. 1388-373.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

      In this section, the words "institutions of higher education" and
    "institution of higher education" are substituted for "colleges,
    universities", "university, college", and "colleges and
    universities" for consistency in the revised title.
      In subsection (c), the words "providing grants" are substituted
    for "the funding", the word "grants" is substituted for "grant
    funds", and the words "grant consideration" are substituted for
    "funding consideration", for consistency in the revised title.
      In subsection (d), the words "money provided under the grant" are
    substituted for "grant funds" for consistency.

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, referred to in
    subsec. (f)(2), is section 14 of Pub. L. 92-463, which is set out
    in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

-MISC2-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2003 - Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 108-176 added subsec. (f).
      1996 - Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104-287 substituted "Committee on
    Science" for "Committee on Science, Space, and Technology".

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2003 AMENDMENT                 
      Amendment by Pub. L. 108-176 applicable only to fiscal years
    beginning after Sept. 30, 2003, except as otherwise specifically
    provided, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108-176, set out as a note under
    section 106 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    49 USC Sec. 44512                                           01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION
    SUBTITLE VII - AVIATION PROGRAMS
    PART A - AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY
    subpart iii - safety
    CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH

-HEAD-
    Sec. 44512. Catastrophic failure prevention research grants

-STATUTE-
      (a) General Authority. - The Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration may make grants to institutions of higher
    education and nonprofit research organizations - 
        (1) to conduct aviation research related to the development of
      technologies and methods to assess the risk of, and prevent,
      defects, failures, and malfunctions of products, parts,
      processes, and articles manufactured for use in aircraft,
      aircraft engines, propellers, and appliances that could result in
      a catastrophic failure of an aircraft; and
        (2) to establish centers of excellence for continuing the
      research.

      (b) Solicitation, Application, Review, and Evaluation Process. -
    The Administrator shall establish a solicitation, application,
    review, and evaluation process that ensures providing grants under
    this section for proposals having adequate merit and relevancy to
    the research described in subsection (a) of this section.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1182.)

-MISC1-

                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
      Revised       Source (U.S. Code)       Source (Statutes at Large) 
      Section                                                           
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    44512          49 App.:1353(h).        Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L.       
                                            85-726, 72 Stat. 731, Sec.  
                                            312(h); added Nov. 5, 1990, 
                                            Pub. L. 101-508, Sec.       
                                            9208(b), 104 Stat. 1388-376.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

      In this section, the words "institutions of higher education" are
    substituted for "colleges, universities" for consistency in the
    revised title.
      In subsection (b), the words "providing grants" are substituted
    for "the funding" for consistency in the revised title.

-End-

-CITE-
    49 USC Sec. 44513                                           01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION
    SUBTITLE VII - AVIATION PROGRAMS
    PART A - AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY
    subpart iii - safety
    CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH

-HEAD-
    Sec. 44513. Regional centers of air transportation excellence

-STATUTE-
      (a) General Authority. - The Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration may make grants to institutions of higher
    education to establish and operate regional centers of air
    transportation excellence. The locations shall be distributed in a
    geographically fair way.
      (b) Responsibilities. - (1) The responsibilities of each center
    established under this section shall include - 
        (A) conducting research on - 
          (i) airspace and airport planning and design;
          (ii) airport capacity enhancement techniques;
          (iii) human performance in the air transportation
        environment;
          (iv) aviation safety and security;
          (v) the supply of trained air transportation personnel,
        including pilots and mechanics; and
          (vi) other aviation issues related to developing and
        maintaining a safe and efficient air transportation system; and

        (B) interpreting, publishing, and disseminating the results of
      the research.

      (2) In conducting research described in paragraph (1)(A) of this
    subsection, each center may make contracts with nonprofit research
    organizations and other appropriate persons.
      (c) Applications. - An institution of higher education interested
    in receiving a grant under this section may submit an application
    to the Administrator. The application must be in the form and
    contain the information that the Administrator requires by
    regulation.
      (d) Selection Criteria. - The Administrator shall select
    recipients of grants under this section on the basis of the
    following criteria:
        (1) the extent to which the needs of the State in which the
      applicant is located are representative of the needs of the
      region for improved air transportation services and facilities.
        (2) the demonstrated research and extension resources available
      to the applicant to carry out this section.
        (3) the ability of the applicant to provide leadership in
      making national and regional contributions to the solution of
      both long-range and immediate air transportation problems.
        (4) the extent to which the applicant has an established air
      transportation program.
        (5) the demonstrated ability of the applicant to disseminate
      results of air transportation research and educational programs
      through a statewide or regionwide continuing education program.
        (6) the projects the applicant proposes to carry out under the
      grant.

      (e) Expenditure Agreements. - A grant may be made under this
    section in a fiscal year only if the recipient makes an agreement
    with the Administrator that the Administrator requires to ensure
    that the recipient will maintain its total expenditures from all
    other sources for establishing and operating the center and related
    research activities at a level at least equal to the average level
    of those expenditures in the 2 fiscal years of the recipient
    occurring immediately before November 5, 1990.
      (f) Government's Share of Costs. - The United States Government's
    share of a grant under this section is 50 percent of the costs of
    establishing and operating the center and related research
    activities that the grant recipient carries out.
      (g) Allocating Amounts. - The Administrator shall allocate
    amounts made available to carry out this section in a
    geographically fair way.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1182.)

-MISC1-

                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
      Revised       Source (U.S. Code)       Source (Statutes at Large) 
      Section                                                           
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    44513          49 App.:1353(i).        Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L.       
                                            85-726, 72 Stat. 731, Sec.  
                                            312(i); added Nov. 5, 1990, 
                                            Pub. L. 101-508, Sec.       
                                            9209(a), 104 Stat. 1388-376.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

      In this section, the words "institutions of higher education" and
    "institution of higher education" are substituted for "colleges or
    universities" and "college or university" for consistency in the
    revised title.
      In subsection (a), the words "one or more" are omitted as
    surplus.

-End-

-CITE-
    49 USC Sec. 44514                                           01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION
    SUBTITLE VII - AVIATION PROGRAMS
    PART A - AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY
    subpart iii - safety
    CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH

-HEAD-
    Sec. 44514. Flight service stations

-STATUTE-
      (a) Hours of Operation. - (1) The Secretary of Transportation may
    close, or reduce the hours of operation of, a flight service
    station in an area only if the service provided in the area after
    the closing or during the hours the station is not in operation is
    provided by an automated flight service station with at least model
    1 equipment.
      (2) The Secretary shall reopen a flight service station closed
    after March 24, 1987, but before July 15, 1987, as soon as
    practicable if the service in the area in which the station is
    located has not been provided since the closing by an automatic
    flight service station with at least model 1 equipment. The hours
    of operation for the reopened station shall be the same as were the
    hours of operation for the station on March 25, 1987. After
    reopening the station, the Secretary may close, or reduce the hours
    of operation of, the station only as provided in paragraph (1) of
    this subsection.
      (b) Manned Auxiliary Stations. - The Secretary and the
    Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall
    establish a system of manned auxiliary flight service stations. The
    manned auxiliary flight service stations shall supplement the
    services of the planned consolidation to 61 automated flight
    service stations under the flight service station modernization
    program. A manned auxiliary flight service station shall be located
    in an area of unique weather or operational conditions that are
    critical to the safety of flight.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1183.)

-MISC1-

                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
      Revised       Source (U.S. Code)       Source (Statutes at Large) 
      Section                                                           
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    44514(a)       49 App.:2224.           Sept. 3, 1982, Pub. L.       
                                            97-248, Sec. 528, 96 Stat.  
                                            699; restated Dec. 30, 1987,
                                            Pub. L. 100-223, Sec. 113,  
                                            101 Stat. 1505.             
    44514(b)       49 App.:1348            Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L.        
                    (notes).                101-508, Sec. 9115, 104     
                                            Stat. 1388-364.             
                                           Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L.        
                                            101-516, Sec. 330(a), 104   
                                            Stat. 2184.                 
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

      In subsection (a)(1), the words "On or after July 15, 1987" are
    omitted as obsolete.
      In subsection (a)(2), the words "after December 30, 1987" are
    omitted as obsolete. The words "the date of" are omitted as
    surplus.
      In subsection (b), the text of section 9115(b) of the Omnibus
    Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-508, 104 Stat.
    1388-364) and section 330(a) (last sentence) of the Department of
    Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991
    (Public Law 101-516, 104 Stat. 2184) is omitted as obsolete.

-End-

-CITE-
    49 USC Sec. 44515                                           01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION
    SUBTITLE VII - AVIATION PROGRAMS
    PART A - AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY
    subpart iii - safety
    CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH

-HEAD-
    Sec. 44515. Advanced training facilities for maintenance
      technicians for air carrier aircraft

-STATUTE-
      (a) General Authority. - The Administrator of the Federal
    Aviation Administration may make grants to not more than 4
    vocational technical educational institutions to acquire or
    construct facilities to be used for the advanced training of
    maintenance technicians for air carrier aircraft.
      (b) Eligibility. - The Administrator may make a grant under this
    section to a vocational technical educational institution only if
    the institution has a training curriculum that prepares aircraft
    maintenance technicians who hold airframe and power plant
    certificates under subpart D of part 65 of title 14, Code of
    Federal Regulations, to maintain, without direct supervision, air
    carrier aircraft.
      (c) Limitation. - A vocational technical educational institution
    may not receive more than a total of $5,000,000 in grants under
    this section.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1184.)

-MISC1-

                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
      Revised       Source (U.S. Code)       Source (Statutes at Large) 
      Section                                                           
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    44515          49 App.:1354 (note).    Oct., 31, 1992, Pub. L.      
                                            102-581, Sec. 119(a)-(c),   
                                            106 Stat. 4883.             
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

      The words "vocational technical educational institution" are used
    throughout this section for consistency in this section.

       IMPROVEMENT OF CURRICULUM STANDARDS FOR AVIATION MAINTENANCE
                                TECHNICIANS
      Pub. L. 108-176, title V, Sec. 504, Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat.
    2559, provided that:
      "(a) In General. - The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
    Administration shall ensure that the training standards for
    airframe and powerplant mechanics under part 65 of title 14, Code
    of Federal Regulations, are updated and revised in accordance with
    this section. The Administrator may update and revise the training
    standards through the initiation of a formal rulemaking or by
    issuing an advisory circular or other agency guidance.
      "(b) Elements for Consideration. - The updated and revised
    standards required under subsection (a) shall include those
    curriculum adjustments that are necessary to more accurately
    reflect current technology and maintenance practices.
      "(c) Certification. - Any adjustment or modification of current
    curriculum standards made pursuant to this section shall be
    reflected in the certification examinations of airframe and
    powerplant mechanics.
      "(d) Completion. - The revised and updated training standards
    required by subsection (a) shall be completed not later than 12
    months after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 2003].
      "(e) Periodic Reviews and Updates. - The Administrator shall
    review the content of the curriculum standards for training
    airframe and powerplant mechanics referred to in subsection (a)
    every 3 years after completion of the revised and updated training
    standards required under subsection (a) as necessary to reflect
    current technology and maintenance practices."

          IMPROVED TRAINING FOR AIRFRAME AND POWERPLANT MECHANICS      
      Pub. L. 106-181, title V, Sec. 517, Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 145,
    provided that: "The Administrator [of the Federal Aviation
    Administration] shall form a partnership with industry and labor to
    develop a model program to improve the curricula, teaching methods,
    and quality of instructors for training individuals that need
    certification as airframe and powerplant mechanics."

-End-

-CITE-
    49 USC Sec. 44516                                           01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION
    SUBTITLE VII - AVIATION PROGRAMS
    PART A - AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY
    subpart iii - safety
    CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH

-HEAD-
    Sec. 44516. Human factors program

-STATUTE-
      (a) Human Factors Training. - 
        (1) Air traffic controllers. - The Administrator of the Federal
      Aviation Administration shall - 
          (A) address the problems and concerns raised by the National
        Research Council in its report "The Future of Air Traffic
        Control" on air traffic control automation; and
          (B) respond to the recommendations made by the National
        Research Council.

        (2) Pilots and flight crews. - The Administrator shall work
      with representatives of the aviation industry and appropriate
      aviation programs associated with universities to develop
      specific training curricula to address critical safety problems,
      including problems of pilots - 
          (A) in recovering from loss of control of an aircraft,
        including handling unusual attitudes and mechanical
        malfunctions;
          (B) in deviating from standard operating procedures,
        including inappropriate responses to emergencies and hazardous
        weather;
          (C) in awareness of altitude and location relative to terrain
        to prevent controlled flight into terrain; and
          (D) in landing and approaches, including nonprecision
        approaches and go-around procedures.

      (b) Test Program. - The Administrator shall establish a test
    program in cooperation with air carriers to use model Jeppesen
    approach plates or other similar tools to improve precision-like
    landing approaches for aircraft.
      (c) Report. - Not later than 1 year after the date of the
    enactment of this section, the Administrator shall transmit to the
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate
    and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House
    of Representatives a report on the status of the Administration's
    efforts to encourage the adoption and implementation of advanced
    qualification programs for air carriers under this section.
      (d) Advanced Qualification Program Defined. - In this section,
    the term "advanced qualification program" means an alternative
    method for qualifying, training, certifying, and ensuring the
    competency of flight crews and other commercial aviation operations
    personnel subject to the training and evaluation requirements of
    parts 121 and 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.

-SOURCE-
    (Added Pub. L. 106-181, title VII, Sec. 713(a), Apr. 5, 2000, 114
    Stat. 160.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      The date of the enactment of this section, referred to in subsec.
    (c), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 106-181, which was
    approved Apr. 5, 2000.

-MISC1-
                              EFFECTIVE DATE                          
      Section applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30,
    1999, see section 3 of Pub. L. 106-181, set out as an Effective
    Date of 2000 Amendments note under section 106 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    49 USC Sec. 44517                                           01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION
    SUBTITLE VII - AVIATION PROGRAMS
    PART A - AIR COMMERCE AND SAFETY
    subpart iii - safety
    CHAPTER 445 - FACILITIES, PERSONNEL, AND RESEARCH

-HEAD-
    Sec. 44517. Program to permit cost sharing of air traffic
      modernization projects

-STATUTE-
      (a) In General. - Subject to the requirements of this section,
    the Secretary may carry out a program under which the Secretary may
    make grants to project sponsors for not more than 10 eligible
    projects per fiscal year for the purpose of improving aviation
    safety and enhancing mobility of the Nation's air transportation
    system by encouraging non-Federal investment in critical air
    traffic control equipment and software.
      (b) Federal Share. - The Federal share of the cost of an eligible
    project carried out under the program shall not exceed 33 percent.
    The non-Federal share of the cost of an eligible project shall be
    provided from non-Federal sources, including revenues collected
    pursuant to section 40117.
      (c) Limitation on Grant Amounts. - No eligible project may
    receive more than $5,000,000 in Federal funds under the program.
      (d) Funding. - The Secretary shall use amounts appropriated under
    section 48101(a) to carry out the program.
      (e) Definitions. - In this section, the following definitions
    apply:
        (1) Eligible project. - The term "eligible project" means a
      project to purchase equipment or software relating to the
      Nation's air traffic control system that is certified or approved
      by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration and
      that promotes safety, efficiency, or mobility. Such projects may
      include - 
          (A) airport-specific air traffic facilities and equipment,
        including local area augmentation systems, instrument landing
        systems, weather and wind shear detection equipment, and
        lighting improvements;
          (B) automation tools to effect improvements in airport
        capacity, including passive final approach spacing tools and
        traffic management advisory equipment; and
          (C) equipment and software that enhance airspace control
        procedures or assist in en route surveillance, including
        oceanic and offshore flight tracking.

        (2) Project sponsor. - The term "project sponsor" means any
      major user of the national airspace system, as determined by the
      Secretary, including a public-use airport or a joint venture
      between a public-use airport and one or more air carriers.

      (f) Transfers of Equipment. - Notwithstanding any other provision
    of law, and upon agreement by the Administrator, a project sponsor
    may transfer, without consideration, to the Federal Aviation
    Administration, facilities, equipment, or automation tools, the
    purchase of which was assisted by a grant made under this section,
    if such facilities, equipment or tools meet Federal Aviation
    Administration operation and maintenance criteria.
      (g) Guidelines. - The Administrator shall issue advisory
    guidelines on the implementation of the program. The guidelines
    shall not be subject to administrative rulemaking requirements
    under subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5.

-SOURCE-
    (Added Pub. L. 108-176, title I, Sec. 183(a), Dec. 12, 2003, 117
    Stat. 2516.)

-MISC1-
                              EFFECTIVE DATE                          
      Section applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30,
    2003, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 3 of
    Pub. L. 108-176, set out as an Effective Date of 2003 Amendment
    note under section 106 of this title.

-End-