Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
      Publication_Date: 20031209
      Publication_Time: 004929 AKST
      Title:
        Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS), ShakeMap, California Region, Maps of
        ground shaking and intensity for event 32086, 21 miles SSE of Kenai
      Edition: Version 3.0
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map
      Online_Linkage: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/shakemap
  Description:
    Abstract:
      ShakeMap is designed as a rapid response tool to portray the extent and variation of
      ground shaking throughout the affected region immediately following significant
      earthquakes. Ground motion and intensity maps are derived from peak ground motion
      amplitudes recorded on seismic sensors (accelerometers), with interpolation based on
      both estimated amplitudes where data are lacking, and site amplification corrections.
      Color-coded instrumental intensity maps are derived from empirical relations between
      peak ground motions and Modified Mercalli intensity. This ShakeMap describes the
      event: 32086, 21 miles SSE of Kenai
    Purpose:
      As a rapid response tool, the ShakeMap ground motion values are used for emergency
      response, loss estimation, assessment of damage to the lifeline and utility networks,
      and for providing information to the general public.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 20031209
        Time_of_Day: 004929 AKST
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -152.259
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -149.759
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 60.796
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 59.813
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: ShakeMap
      Theme_Keyword: peak ground motions
      Theme_Keyword: shaking intensity
      Theme_Keyword: instrumental intensity
      Theme_Keyword: earthquake damage
      Theme_Keyword: Advanced National Seismic Systems (ANSS)
      Theme_Keyword: California Integrated Seismic Network (CISN)
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: California
  Access_Constraints: none
  Use_Constraints: none
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS)
        Contact_Person: David J. Wald
      Contact_Position: Geophysicist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing
        Address:
          U.S. Geological Survey
          P.O. Box 25046, Mail Stop 966
        City: Denver
        State_or_Province: CO
        Postal_Code: 80225-0046
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 273-8441
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 273-8600
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wald@usgs.gov
  Browse_Graphic:
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/shakemap/sc/shake/32086/intensity.html
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
      Instrumental Intensity ShakeMap within a web page; all other ShakeMap
      maps and products can be accessed from this site. Typically
      the image itself is 600x400 pixels and about 100k bytes in size.
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Wald, D.J.
      Originator: Quitoriano, V.
      Originator: Heaton, T.H.
      Originator: Kanamori, H.
      Originator: Scrivner, C.W.
      Originator: Worden, C.B.
      Title:
        TriNet "ShakeMaps": rapid generation of instrumental
        ground motion and intensity maps for earthquakes in
        Southern California
      Publication_Date: 1999
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: Earthquake Spectra
        Issue_Identification: Vol. 15, No. 3
      Other_Citation_Details: pp 537-556
      Online_Linkage: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/shakemap/sc/shake/about.html#references
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Wald, D.J.
      Originator: Quitoriano, V.
      Originator: Heaton, T.H.
      Originator: Kanamori, H.
      Title: Relationship between Peak Ground Acceleration, Peak Ground Velocity, and Modified Mercalli Intensity for Earthquakes in California
      Publication_Date: 1999
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: Earthquake Spectra
        Issue_Identification: Vol. 15, No. 3
      Other_Citation_Details: pp 557-564
      Online_Linkage: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/shakemap/sc/shake/about.html#references
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Wald, D.J.
      Originator: Worden, C.B.
      Originator: Quitoriano, V.
      Originator: Pankow, K.
      Title: ShakeMap Manual
      Publication_Date: 2003
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey [Open File Report]
        Issue_Identification: [ZZZ-03]
      Other_Citation_Details: [160 pp]
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
      Slight variations in peak ground motions and spectral values may depend on
      processing. Corrections or changes in station and amplitude information are
      reflected by the authoritative seismic network. In addition, changes in magnitude
      may result in changes to estimated ground motions in areas with sparse seismic
      station coverage.
  Completeness_Report:
    Included in this version are data available up to the time processed.
    Additional data (seismic stations) may be added at a later time.
  Logical_Consistency_Report:
    Ground motion data are direct measurements only at the location
    of seismic stations; all other data are interpolated (as
    described in the citations).  Seismic station coverage varies
    in density as well as instrumentation across the region in
    question.  Uncertainty in the reported ground motions generally
    increases with distance from seismic stations, and in areas of
    very low station density may be largely the product of empirical
    relationships.  Uncertainties in ground motions may also arise
    from inaccurate ground motion amplitudes from seismic stations,
    or inaccurate information regarding earthquake epicenter or
    magnitude, as reported by the generating network.
  Lineage:
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        Shaking maps are prepared by contouring shaking information interpolated onto a
        square grid uniformly sampled at a spacing of 1 minute (about 1.6 km) throughout
        California. If there were stations at each of the tens of thousands of grid points,
        then the creation of shaking maps would be relatively simple. Of course stations
        are not available for all of these grid points, and in many cases grid points may
        be tens of kilometers from the nearest reporting station. The overall mapping
        philosophy is to combine information from individual stations, geology (representing
        site amplification), and the distance to the epicenter or causative fault to create
        the best composite map. The procedure produces reasonable estimates at grid points
        located far from available data, while preserving the detailed shaking information
        available for regions where there are stations nearby.
        Estimation of shaking over the regional extent for an earthquake in California is
        obtained by the spatial interpolation of the measured ground motions with
        geologically based frequency and amplitude-dependent site corrections. We use the
        California Site Condition Map (California Geological Survey, CGS) maps of National
        Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) classification site conditions as the
        basis for our site corrections. These site condition maps have coverage throughout
        the state at 1:250,000 scale (Wills et al., 2000). We use the amplification factors
        of Borcherdt et al. (1994). In addition, ShakeMap ground motions in regions of
        sparse station spacing are estimated using ground motion regression, initially from
        a point location at the epicenter. Later, as information about fault dimensions
        became available (in the form of aftershocks, source rupture models, and observed
        surface slip), the fault location and rupture dimensions are used as the basis for
        ground motion estimation.
        First, peak ground motion parameters are recovered for each station and associated
        with a particular earthquake origin time and epicenter. We then create a coarse,
        uniformly spaced grid of 30-km spaced "phantom" stations. Peak ground motions and
        spectral acceleration values are assigned to each coarse grid point using the
        attenuation relationship of Boore et al. (1997) distance attenuation relationship
        for rock sites and the magnitude of the earthquake and distance to each grid point.
        In practice, we apply a static correction to the amplitudes of the regression by
        using the network-determined magnitude, predicting the observed amplitudes, and
        correcting for an amplitude bias term between the predictions and the data.
        Site corrections are then used to interpolate from ground motions recorded on a
        fairly sparse, non-uniformly spaced network of stations to maps showing spatially
        continuous functions (i.e., contours).  Prior to interpolation, we reduce the ground
        motion amplitudes to a common reference, in this case bedrock motions. Peak ground
        motion amplitudes from the seismic stations are corrected to rock site conditions;
        and the observations (corrected to rock) and the coarse phantom stations (computed
        for rock) are then interpolated to a fine rock site grid (roughly 1.6-km spacing).
        We scale the peak acceleration (PGA) amplitude with the Borcherdt et al. (1994)
        short-period amplification factors while the peak ground velocity (PGV) values are
        corrected with the mid-period factors. Response spectral values are scaled by the
        short-period factors at 0.3 sec, and by the mid-period response at 1.0 and 3.0
        seconds. The site correction procedure is applied so that the original data values
        are returned at each station; hence, the actual recorded motions are preserved in
        the process and the final contours reflect the observations wherever they exist.
        Next, the interpolated rock grid is corrected at each point for local site
        amplification and instrumental intensity map is generated by relating the peak
        ground acceleration or velocity at each grid point to intensity as described by Wald
        et al. (1999). This fine grid is saved and exported to the file "grid.xyz". A
        continuous surface is also fit to the fine grid to produce the contour maps and
        GIS formatted maps.
      Process_Date: 20031209
      Process_Time: 004929 AKST
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Geographic:
      Latitude_Resolution: 0.017
      Longitude_Resolution: 0.017
      Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System 1984
      Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 84
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
      File grid.xyz
      Values of the peak amplitudes at the ShakeMap map grid nodes.
      File is ASCII text in the following format:
      First line is a header, space-delimited, with all of the following:
      ><name/CUSPID of event> <mag> <epicentral lat> <epicentral lon>
      ><MMM DD YYYY> <HH:MM:SS timezone>
      ><W bound> <S bound> <E bound> <N bound>
      >(Process time: <time>) <Location String>
      The first 'time' field is the time of the event.
      'Process time' is the time this file was last updated.
      For large or historic earthquakes the "Location String" will
      usually be the name of the earthquake, otherwise it will be
      something of the form "12.1 mi. SSW of Carpinteria, CA"
      The remaining lines are of the form:
      ><lon> <lat> <pga> <pgv> <mmi> <psa03> <psa10> <psa30>
      >pga   = peak ground motion (acceleration, as percent of g)
      >pgv   = peak ground motion (velocity in cm/s)
      >mmi   = estimated instrumental intensity
      >psa03 = spectral acceleration at 0.3 s period, 5% damping (percent of g)
      >psa10 = spectral acceleration at 1.0 s period, 5% damping (percent of g)
      >psa30 = spectral acceleration at 3.0 s period, 5% damping (percent of g)
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/shakemap/sc/shake/32086/about_formats.html
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: mmi.dbf (shapefile from "shape.zip" download file)
      Entity_Type_Definition: Polygons of estimated instrumental intensity
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ESRI Shapefile Technical Description
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: GRID_CODE
      Attribute_Definition: Estimated instrumental intensity (double)
      Attribute_Definition_Source:
        Wald, et al., Relationship between Peak Ground Acceleration, Peak
        Ground Velocity, and Modified Mercalli Intensity for Earthquakes
        in California, Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 15, No. 3, 1999, pp 557-564.
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 10.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Intensity
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: VALUE
      Attribute_Definition: Estimated instrumental intensity (double)
      Attribute_Definition_Source:
        Wald, et al., Relationship between Peak Ground Acceleration, Peak
        Ground Velocity, and Modified Mercalli Intensity for Earthquakes
        in California, Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 15, No. 3, 1999, pp 557-564.
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 10.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Intensity
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: pga.dbf (shapefile from "shape.zip" download file)
      Entity_Type_Definition: Polygons of peak ground motion (acceleration)
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ESRI Shapefile Technical Description
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: GRID_CODE
      Attribute_Definition: Peak ground motion (acceleration, as integer percent of g)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -200.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 200.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent of g
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 4
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: VALUE
      Attribute_Definition: Peak ground motion (acceleration, as fraction of g)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -200.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 200.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: fraction of g
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.04
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: pgv.dbf (shapefile from "shape.zip" download file)
      Entity_Type_Definition: Polygons of peak ground motion (velocity)
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ESRI Shapefile Technical Description
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: GRID_CODE
      Attribute_Definition: Peak ground motion (velocity in cm/s, integer)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -500.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 500.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cm/s
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 4
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: VALUE
      Attribute_Definition: Peak ground motion (velocity in cm/s, double)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -500.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 500.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cm/s
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 4
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: psa03.dbf (shapefile (from "shape.zip" download file)
      Entity_Type_Definition: Polygons of spectral acceleration at 0.3 s period, 5% damping
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ESRI Shapefile Technical Description
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: GRID_CODE
      Attribute_Definition: Spectral acceleration at 0.3 s period, 5% damping (integer percent of g)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -400.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 400.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent of g
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 4
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: VALUE
      Attribute_Definition: Spectral acceleration at 0.3 s period, 5% damping (fraction of g)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -400.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 400.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: fraction of g
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.04
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: psa10.dbf (shapefile from "shape.zip" download file)
      Entity_Type_Definition: Polygons of spectral acceleration at 1.0 s period, 5% damping
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ESRI Shapefile Technical Description
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: GRID_CODE
      Attribute_Definition: Spectral acceleration at 1.0 s period, 5% damping (integer percent of g)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -400.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 400.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent of g
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 4
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: VALUE
      Attribute_Definition: Spectral acceleration at 1.0 s period, 5% damping (fraction of g)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -400.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 400.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: fraction of g
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.04
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: psa30.dbf (shapefile from "shape.zip" download file)
      Entity_Type_Definition: Polygons of spectral acceleration at 3.0 s period, 5% damping
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ESRI Shapefile Technical Description
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: GRID_CODE
      Attribute_Definition: Spectral acceleration at 3.0 s period, 5% damping (integer percent of g)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 2
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 34
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent of g
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 4
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: VALUE
      Attribute_Definition: Spectral acceleration at 3.0 s period, 5% damping (fraction of g)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -400.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 400.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: fraction of g
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.04
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: pga.dbf (shapefile from "hazus.zip" download file)
      Entity_Type_Definition:
        Polygons of "mean" ground motion (acceleration), scaled from recorded peak
        values by 15% (empirical correction from peak to mean) to conform to HAZUS input requirements.
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ESRI Shapefile Technical Description
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: GRID_CODE
      Attribute_Definition: Mean ground motion (acceleration, as integer percent of g)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -200.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 200.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent of g
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 4
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: VALUE
      Attribute_Definition: Mean ground motion (acceleration, as fraction of g)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -200.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 200.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: fraction of g
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.04
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: pgv.dbf (shapefile (from "hazus.zip" download file)
      Entity_Type_Definition:
        Polygons of "mean" ground motion (velocity), scaled from recorded peak
        values by 15% (empirical correction from peak to mean) to conform to HAZUS input requirements.
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ESRI Shapefile Technical Description
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: GRID_CODE
      Attribute_Definition: Mean ground motion (velocity in inches/sec, integer)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -200.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 200.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cm/s
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 2
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: VALUE
      Attribute_Definition: Mean ground motion (velocity in inches/s, double)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -500.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 500.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cm/s
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 2.0
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: psa03.dbf (shapefile from "hazus.zip" download file)
      Entity_Type_Definition:
        Polygons of "mean" spectral acceleration at 0.3 s period, 5% damping, scaled from
        recorded peak values by 15% (empirical correction from peak to mean) to conform to HAZUS input
        requirements.
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ESRI Shapefile Technical Description
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: GRID_CODE
      Attribute_Definition: Mean Spectral acceleration at 0.3 s period, 5% damping (integer percent of g)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -400.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 400.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent of g
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 4
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: VALUE
      Attribute_Definition:
        Mean spectral acceleration at 0.3 s period, 5% damping (fraction of g), scaled
        from recorded peak values by 15% (empirical correction from peak to mean) to conform to HAZUS input
        requirements.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -400.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 400.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: fraction of g
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.04
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: psa10.dbf (shapefile from "hazus.zip" download file)
      Entity_Type_Definition:
        Polygons of mean spectral acceleration at 1.0 s period, 5% damping, scaled from
        recorded peak values by 15% (empirical correction from peak to mean) to conform to HAZUS input
        requirements.
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ESRI Shapefile Technical Description
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: GRID_CODE
      Attribute_Definition: Mean spectral acceleration at 1.0 s period, 5% damping (integer percent of g)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -400.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 400.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent of g
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 4
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: VALUE
      Attribute_Definition:
        Mean spectral acceleration at 1.0 s period, 5% damping (fraction of g), scaled from
        recorded peak values by 15% (empirical correction from peak to mean) to conform to HAZUS input
        requirements.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: self-evident
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -400.0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 400.0
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: fraction of g
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.04
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: David J Wald
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, GEO-CR-GHT
      Contact_Position: Geophysicist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: P.O. Box 25046
        City: Lakewood
        State_or_Province: CO
        Postal_Code: 80225
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-273-8441
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 626-583-7827
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wald@usgs.gov
  Resource_Description: Shakemap data for 32086
  Distribution_Liability:
    Some USGS information accessed through this page may be preliminary in
    nature and presented prior to final review and approval by the
    Director of the USGS. This information is provided with the
    understanding that it is not guaranteed to be correct or complete, and
    conclusions drawn from such information are the sole responsibility of
    the user.
    These are automatic computer generated maps and have not necessarily
    been checked by human oversight, so they may contain errors. Further,
    the input data is raw and unchecked, and may contain errors.
    Contours can be misleading since data gaps may exist. Caution should
    be used in deciding which features in the contour patterns are
    required by the data. Ground motions and intensities can vary greatly
    over small distances, so these maps are only approximate; when maps
    are enlarged beyond the limits of the original data in an effort to
    show small areas, the maps are unreliable.
    These maps are preliminary in nature and will be updated as data
    arrives from distributed sources.
    The estimated intensity map is derived from ground motions recorded by
    seismographs and represents Modified Mercalli Intensities (MMI's) that
    are likely to have been associated with the ground motions. Unlike
    conventional Modified Mercalli Intensities, the estimated intensities
    are not based on observations of the earthquake effects on people or
    structures.
    Locations within the same intensity area will not necessarily
    experience the same level of damage since damage depends heavily on
    the type of structure, the nature of the construction, and the details
    of the ground motion at that site. For this reason more or less damage
    than described in the MMI scale may occur.
    Large earthquakes can generate very long-period ground motions that
    can cause damage at great distances from the epicenter; although the
    intensity estimated from the ground motions may be small, significant
    effects to large structures (bridges, tall buildings, storage tanks)
    may be notable.
    The ground motion levels and descriptions associated with each
    intensity value are based on recent damaging earthquakes. There may be
    revisions in these parameters as more data become available or from
    further improvements in methodology.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: ESRI shapefile
        Format_Information_Content: Ground shaking intensity, acceleration, and velocity contours
        File_Decompression_Technique: unzip
        Transfer_Size: 2 megabytes
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/shakemap/sc/shake/32086/download/shape.zip
              Network_Resource_Name: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/shakemap/sc/shake/32086/download/hazus.zip
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: Text
        Format_Version_Number: 1.0
        Format_Specification:
          Within lines, values are delimited by spaces.
          First line is a header containing <name/CUSPID of event> <mag>
          <epicentral lat> <epicentral lon> <MMM DD YYYY> <HH:MM:SS
          timezone> <W bound> <S bound> <E bound> <N bound> (Process time:
          <time>) <Location String>
          The remaining lines contain <lon> <lat> <pga> <pgv> <mmi>
          <psa03> <psa10> <psa30>
        Format_Information_Content: Ground-shaking intensity and acceleration data
        File_Decompression_Technique: unzip
        Transfer_Size: 0.5 megabytes
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/shakemap/sc/shake/32086/download/grid.xyz.zip
    Fees: none
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20031209
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS)
        Contact_Person: David J. Wald
      Contact_Position: Geophysicist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing
        Address:
          U.S. Geological Survey
          P.O. Box 25046, Mail Stop 966
        City: Denver
        State_or_Province: CO
        Postal_Code: 80225-0046
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 273-8441
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 273-8600
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wald@usgs.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998