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 PUBLIC  NOTICE  Federal  Communications  Commission  445  12  th  St.,  S.  W.  Washington,  D.  C.  20554  News  Media  Information  202  /  418-  0500  Fax-  On-  Demand  202  /  418-  2830  TTY  202  /  418-  2555  Internet:  http://  www.  fcc.  gov  ftp.  fcc.  gov
 DA  02-  2361
 September  24,  2002
 THE  FCC'S  ADVISORY  COMMITTEE  FOR  THE  2003  WORLD  RADIOCOMMUNICATION  CONFERENCE  APPROVES
 DRAFT  PROPOSALS
 On  September  5,  2002,  the  World  Radiocommunication  Conference  Advisory  Committee  (WRC-  03  Advisory  Committee)  adopted  recommendations  to  the  Commission  on  numerous  issues  that  the  2003
 World  Radiocommunication  Conference  (WRC-  03)  will  address.  The  WRC-  03  Advisory  Committee  was  established  by  the  Commission  in  January  2001  to  assist  it  in  the  development  of  proposals  for  WRC-  03.
 To  that  end,  the  WRC-  03  Advisory  Committee  has  forwarded  the  recommendations  it  has  developed  since  the  beginning  of  2001  to  the  Commission  for  consideration.  We  have  attached  to  this  Public  Notice
 the  WRC-  03  Advisory  Committees  recommendations,  which  are  in  the  form  of  recommended  draft  proposals  to  the  WRC-  03.  We  appreciate  the  substantial  amount  of  work  that  the  WRC-  03  Advisory
 Committee  has  put  into  developing  its  recommendations.  This  Public  Notice  requests  comments  on  all  of  these  recommendations.
 Based  upon  our  initial  review  of  the  recommendations  forwarded  to  the  Commission,  the  International  Bureau,  in  coordination  with  other  Commission  Bureaus  and  Offices,  tentatively  concludes  that  we  can
 generally  support  all  of  the  proposals  recommended  by  the  WRC-  03  Advisory  Committee.  We  do,  however,  have  some  reservations  about  the  proposals  reflected  in  documents  WAC/  144,  WAC/  146  and
 WAC/  147.  We  also  take  note  of  differing  views  expressed  by  WRC-  03  Advisory  Committee  participants  in  document  WAC/  144.  We  seek  comment  on  the  recommendations  that  appear  in  all  of  the  WRC-  03
 Advisory  Committee  documents  and  on  our  tentative  conclusions.
 In  addition,  the  National  Telecommunications  and  Information  Administration  (NTIA)  has  submitted  letters  to  the  Commission  containing  draft  proposals  that  have  been  developed  by  the  Executive  Branch
 Agencies.  We  also  request  comment  on  these  draft  proposals,  which  are  attached  hereto  as  well.
 The  FCC  will  consider  the  draft  proposals  and  comments  provided  in  its  upcoming  consultations  with  the  U.  S.  Department  of  State  and  NTIA  in  the  development  of  U.  S.  proposals  to  WRC-  03.  Once  agreed  by
 these  agencies  of  the  U.  S.  Government,  proposals  will  be  used  by  U.  S.  delegations  at  bilateral,  regional  and  international  meetings.  The  draft  proposals  attached  to  this  Public  Notice  may  evolve  as  we  approach
 WRC-  03  and  during  the  course  of  interagency  discussions.  Therefore,  they  do  not  constitute  the  final  national  position  on  these  issues.
 The  complete  texts  of  these  draft  proposals  are  also  available  in  the  FCC's  Reference  Information  Center,  Room  CY-  A257,  445  12th  Street,  SW,  Washington,  DC  20554  and  by  accessing  the  FCC's  WRC-  03
 world  wide  web  site  at  http://  www.  fcc.  gov/  wrc-  03.  To  comment  on  the  proposals,  please  submit  an  original  and  one  copy  of  your  comments  to  the  Office  of  the  Secretary,  Federal  Communications
 Commission,  445  12th  Street,  SW,  Washington,  DC  20554  and  provide  a  courtesy  copy  to  Alex  Roytblat,  FCC  WRC-  03  Director,  Room  6-  A738.  Comments  should  refer  to  specific  proposals  by  document
 number.  The  deadline  for  comments  on  the  draft  proposals  and  NTIA  letters  is  October  18,  2002.
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 I.  Informal  Working  Group  1:  IMT-  2000  and  Terrestrial  Wireless  Interactive  Media
 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  139(  05.09.02)
 WRC-  03  Agenda  Item  1.21:  to  consider  progress  of  the  ITU-  R  studies  concerning  the  technical  and  regulatory  requirements  of  terrestrial  wireless  interactive  multimedia  applications,  in
 accordance  with  Resolution  737  (WRC-  2000),  with  a  view  to  facilitating  global  harmonization;
 Background  Information:  At  WRC-  2000,  a  proposal  from  several  European  administrations  indicated  a  desire  to  address  spectrum  for  terrestrial  wireless  interactive  multimedia  applications.
 After  much  discussion,  WRC-  2000  adopted  Resolution  737,  which  invites  the  ITU-  R  to  pursue  studies  to  facilitate  the  development  of  common,  worldwide  spectrum  allocations  or  identifications
 suitable  for  new  terrestrial  wireless  interactive  multimedia  (TWIM)  technologies  and  applications;  review  the  regulatory  methods  and  appropriate  means  to  facilitate  the  worldwide  harmonization  of
 spectrum  for  terrestrial  wireless  interactive  multimedia,  and  to  review  service  definitions  in  the  light  of  convergence  of  applications,  if  necessary.  In  addition,  WRC-  2000  adopted  agenda  item
 1.21  so  that  WRC-  2003  could  review  the  progress  of  these  studies  and  agenda  item  2.15  for  WRC-2005/  6  to  discuss  the  spectrum  and  regulatory  issues  associated  with  TWIM  applications.
 Studies  on  TWIM  applications  were  managed  by  Joint  Task  Group  1-  6-  8-  9  and  carried  out  through  a  well-  coordinated  process  since  WRC-  2000,  drawing  on  a  variety  of  resources  and  contributors.
 The  results  of  the  Joint  Task  Groups  effort  indicate  that  no  regulatory  impediments  to  TWIM  applications  exist,  suggesting  that  no  further  ITU-  R  work  is  needed  on  the  TWIM  concept.  This
 conclusion  is  reflected  in  Method  B  under  section  7.1.3  (Methods  to  satisfy  the  agenda  item)  of  the  Draft  CPM  Report.
 Proposal:
 USA/  1.21/  1  NOC
 Reason:  No  regulatory  impediments  have  been  identified  to  terrestrial  wireless  interactive  multimedia  applications.  Study  groups  within  ITU-  R  may  prepare  relevant  Questions  and  continue
 their  work  under  the  normal  activities  in  order  to  examine  any  issues  related  to  the  deployments  of  terrestrial  wireless  interactive  multimedia  applications.
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 3
 USA/  1.21/  2  SUP
 Resolution  737  (WRC-  2000)  Review  of  Spectrum  and  Regulatory  Requirements  to  Facilitate  Worldwide  Harmonization  of
 Emerging  Terrestrial  Wireless  Interactive  Multimedia  Applications
 Reason:  No  regulatory  impediments  have  been  identified  to  terrestrial  wireless  interactive  multimedia  applications.  Study  groups  within  ITU-  R  may  prepare  relevant  Questions  and  continue
 their  work  under  the  normal  activities  in  order  to  examine  any  issues  related  to  the  deployments  of  terrestrial  wireless  interactive  multimedia  applications.
 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  140(  05.09.02)
 Agenda  Item  1.22:  To  consider  progress  of  ITU-  R  studies  concerning  future  development  of  IMT-2000  and  systems  beyond  IMT-  2000,  in  accordance  with  Resolution  228  (WRC-  2000).
 Background:  WRC-  2000  considered  issues  related  to  IMT-  2000,  resulting  in  the  identification  of  additional  spectrum  for  the  terrestrial  component  of  IMT-  2000  in  the  Radio  Regulations  5.317A
 and  5.384A.  This  spectrum  was  identified  in  addition  to  that  initially  identified  for  IMT-  2000  at  WARC-  92  in  footnote  5.388.  WRC-  2000  also  identified  existing  global  MSS  allocations  as  being
 available  for  use  by  the  satellite  component  of  IMT-  2000,  in  accordance  with  Resolution  225.
 In  Resolution  228  (WRC-  2000),  the  ITU-  R  was  invited  to  continue  studies  on  overall  objectives,  applications  and  technical  and  operational  implementation  for  the  future  development  of  IMT-  2000
 and  systems  beyond.  These  requirements  are  to  be  reviewed  by  WRC-  05/  06,  taking  into  consideration  the  results  of  ITU-  R  studies  presented  to  WRC-  03.
 Proposal:
 USA/  1.22/  1  NOC
 Article  5,  Frequency  Allocations
 Reason:  ITU-  R  has  not  completed  the  studies  on  spectrum  requirements  and  potential  frequency  ranges  suitable  for  the  future  development  of  IMT-  2000  and  systems  beyond  IMT-  2000.
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 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  141(  05.09.02)
 WRC-  03  Agenda  Item  1.33:  to  review  and  revise  technical,  operational  and  regulatory  provisions,  including  provisional  limits  in  relation  to  the  operation  of  high  altitude  platform  stations  within
 IMT-  2000  in  the  bands  referred  to  in  No.  5.388A,  in  response  to  Resolution  221  (WRC-  2000);
 Background:  Provisions  for  operation  of  HAPS  were  originally  made  at  WRC-  97,  for  HAPS  providing  FS  operations  in  the  47.2  47.5  GHz  and  47.9  48.2  GHz  bands  (5.552A).  A  definition  of
 HAPS  was  also  added  to  1.66A.  The  use  of  HAPS  as  base  stations  to  provide  terrestrial  IMT-  2000  was  approved  at  WRC-  2000,  resulting  in  provisions  to  facilitate  this  being  added  to  the  Radio
 Regulations  (5.388A).  In  accordance  with  No.  5.388A,  HAPS  may  be  used  as  base  stations  within  the  terrestrial  component  of  IMT-  2000  in  the  bands  1  885-  1  980  MHz,  2  010-  2  025  MHz  and
 2  110-  2  170  MHz  in  Regions  1  and  3  and  1  885-  1  980  MHz  and  2  110-  2  160  MHz  in  Region  2;  the  use  by  IMT-  2000  applications  using  HAPS  as  base  stations  does  not  preclude  the  use  of  these  bands
 by  any  station  in  the  services  to  which  they  are  allocated  and  does  not  establish  priority  in  the  Radio  Regulations.
 Resolution  221  from  WRC-  2000  includes  provisional  co-  channel  and  out-  of-  band  power-  flux  density  limits  for  HAPS  operation,  for  the  protection  of  other  stations  either  sharing  the  same  band
 or  operating  in  adjacent  bands  and  asked  for  additional  technical,  operational  and  regulatory  studies  to  be  conducted,  in  order  to  review  and,  if  necessary,  revised,  these  limits.  Resolution  221  also  asks
 for  consideration  of  appropriate  regulatory  and  technical  provisions  to  allow  bilateral  co-  ordination  of  HAPS  in  an  IMT-  2000  system  with  affected  neighbouring  administrations.
 Based  on  updated  information  on  typical  noise  figure  of  IMT-  2000  mobile  stations,  WP-  8F  updated  the  protection  requirement  of  other  IMT-  2000  stations  operating  co-  frequency  has  been  revised  to
 117  dB  (W/(  m  2  MHz)).  This  PFD  threshold  is  appropriate  to  protect  other  IMT-  2000  mobile  stations  from  co-  channel  interference.
 In  order  to  adequately  protect  MMDS  within  IMT-  2000  in  some  neighbouring  countries  in  Region  2  in  the  band  2  150-  2  160  MHz  from  co-  channel  interference,  a  HAPS  operating  as  a  base  station  to
 provide  IMT-  2000  shall  not  exceed  the  following  co-  channel  pfd  at  the  Earths  surface  outside  an  administrations  borders  unless  agreed  otherwise  by  the  administration  of  the  affected  neighbouring
 country:
   127  dB(  W/(  m  2  MHz))  for  angles  of  arrival  ()  less  than  7  above  the  horizontal  plane;
   127+  0.666  (    7)  dB(  W/(  m  2  MHz))  for  angles  of  arrival  between  7  and  22  above  the  horizontal  plane;  and
   117  dB(  W/(  m  2  MHz))  for  angles  of  arrival  between  22  and  90  above  the  horizontal  plane.
 It  is  to  be  noted  that  the  above  is  an  issue  concerning  the  protection  from  co-  channel  interference  of  certain  stations  in  some  neighbouring  countries  in  Region  2  only.
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 Proposal:
 USA/  1.33/  1  MOD
 RESOLUTION  221(  REV.  WRC-  03)
 USE  OF  HIGH  ALTITUDE  PLATFORM  STATIONS  AS  BASE  STATIONS  PROVIDING  IMT-2000  IN  THE  BANDS  1  885-  1  980  MHZ,  2  010-  2  025  MHZ  AND  2  110-  2  170  MHZ  IN
 REGIONS  1  AND  3  AND  1  885-  1  980  MHZ  AND  2  110-  2  160  MHZ  IN  REGION  2
 The  World  Radiocommunication  Conference  (Istanbul,  2000),(  Geneva,  2003),
 considering
 a)  that  the  bands  1  885-  2  025  MHz  and  2  110-  2  200  MHz  are  identified  in  No.  5.388  as  intended  for  use  on  a  worldwide  basis  for  International  Mobile  Telecommunications-  2000
 (IMT-  2000),  IMT-  2000,  including  the  bands  1  980-  2  010  MHz  and  2  170-  2  200  MHz  for  both  the  terrestrial  and  the  satellite  component  of  IMT-  2000;
 b)  that  a  high  altitude  platform  station  (HAPS)  is  defined  in  No.  1.66A  as  a  station  located  on  an  object  at  an  altitude  of  20  to  50  km  and  at  a  specified,  nominal,  fixed  point  relative  to  the  Earth;
 c)  that  HAPS  may  offer  a  new  means  of  providing  IMT-  2000  services  with  minimal  network  infrastructure  as  they  are  capable  of  providing  service  to  a  large  footprint  together  with  a  dense
 coverage;
 d)  that  the  use  of  HAPS  as  base  stations  within  the  terrestrial  component  of  IMT-  2000  is  optional  for  administrations,  and  that  such  use  should  not  have  any  priority  over  other  terrestrial
 IMT-  2000  use;
 e)  that  in  accordance  with  No.  5.388  and  Resolution  212  (Rev.  WRC-  97),  administrations  may  use  the  bands  identified  for  IMT-  2000,  including  the  bands  referred  to  in  this  Resolution,  for
 stations  of  other  primary  services  to  which  they  are  allocated;
 f)  that  these  bands  are  allocated  to  the  fixed  and  mobile  services  on  a  co-  primary  basis;
 g)  that  ITU-  R  has  studied  sharing  and  coordination  between  HAPS  and  other  stations  within  IMT-  2000,  has  considered  compatibility  of  HAPS  within  IMT-  2000  with  some  services  having
 allocations  in  the  adjacent  bands,  and  has  established  Recommendation  ITU-  R  M.  1456;
 h)  that  ITU-  R  did  not  address  sharing  and  coordination  between  HAPS  and  some  existing  systems,  particularly  PCS  (personal  communications  service),  MMDS  (multichannel  multipoint
 distribution  system)  and  systems  in  the  fixed  service,  which  are  currently  operating  in  some  countries  in  the  bands  1  885-  2  025  MHz  and  2  110-  2  200  MHz;
 i),  g)  that  in  accordance  with  No.  5.388A,  HAPS  may  be  used  as  base  stations  within  the  terrestrial  component  of  IMT-  2000  in  the  bands  1  885-  1  980  MHz,  2  010-  2  025  MHz  and  2  110-
 2  170  MHz  in  Regions  1  and  3  and  1  885-  1  980  MHz  and  2  110-  2  160  MHz  in  Region  2;  the  use  by  IMT-  2000  applications  using  HAPS  as  base  stations  does  not  preclude  the  use  of  these  bands  by
 any  station  in  the  services  to  which  they  are  allocated  and  does  not  establish  priority  in  the  Radio  Regulations,
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 9
 II.  IWG-  3:  Fixed-  Satellite  Service/  Broadcasting  Satellite  Service
 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  142(  05.09.02)
 WRC-  03  Agenda  Item  1.27:  to  review,  in  accordance  with  Resolutions  540  (WRC-  2000)  and  735  (WRC-  2000),  the  ITU-  R  studies  requested  in  those  resolutions,  and  modify,  as  appropriate,  the
 relevant  regulatory  procedures  and  associated  sharing  criteria  contained  in  Appendices  30  and  30A  and  in  the  associated  provisions;
 Background  :  Resolution  540  (WRC-  2000)  among  other  things  invited  the  ITU-  R  to  undertake,  as  a  matter  of  urgency,  additional  studies  and  complete  them  by  WRC-  03  on  the  sharing  criteria  in
 Annexes  1,  3,  4,  and  6  to  Appendix  S30  and  Annexes  1  and  4  to  Appendix  S30A,  taking  into  account
   that  the  sharing  criteria  in  Appendices  S30  and  S30A  should  provide  appropriate  protection  to  the  BSS,  FSS  and  terrestrial  services  whilst  not  unduly  constraining  the  services  involved
 (considering  g);
   that,  worldwide,  in  various  sub-  bands  of  the  frequency  range  11.7-  12.7  GHz,  FSS  networks  as  well  as  BSS  networks  are  in  operation,  and  others  will  be  operated  in  the  near  future  and,
 consequently,  difficulties  may  be  experienced  in  modifying  their  characteristics  (considering  h);
   that  there  are  differing  geographic  situations  between  the  ITU  Regions  and  that  this  may  have  an  impact  on  the  sharing  criteria(  recognizing  a)
 The  relevant  ITU-  R  study  groups  have  conducted  the  requested  studies  and  the  results  are  presented  in  Section  3.  2  of  the  CPM  Report.  The  proposals  contained  herein  take  into  account  these  results,
 noting  that  the  question  of  the  minimum  size  of  BSS  and  FSS  earth  station  receiving  antennas  to  be  protected  in  Region  3  was  left  open.  In  that  regard,  the  proposals  contained  herein  are  based  on  the
 following  general  considerations.
   Adequate  protection  should  be  provided  to  the  BSS  and  FSS  assignments  in  all  three  Regions,  taking  into  account  the  characteristics  of  deployed  systems  as  well  as  the  Plan
 assignments.  For  instance,  in  Region  2,  there  are  over  17  million  45-  cm  BSS  receive  antennas  deployed,  in  the  coterminous  U.  S.  alone,  and  BSS  antennas  of  up  to  240  cm  diameter  are  used
 in  northern  Canada,  Alaska  and  Hawaii.  FSS  systems  employ  an  even  wider  range  of  receive  earth  station  antennas,  including  some  with  diameters  as  large  as  11  m.  Similarly,  it  is
 necessary  to  take  the  requirements  of  the  different  services  and  their  deployment  in  Regions  1  and  3  into  account  when  developing  appropriate  inter-  Regional  sharing  criteria.  And
 precisely  because  the  protection  requirements  of  a  service  in  one  Region  can  differ  from  those  in  another  Region,  it  is  not  appropriate  to  require  strict  inter-  Regional  reciprocity;  i.  e.,  there  is
 no  need  to  constrain  a  service  in  one  Region  by  requiring  that  it  provide  more  protection  than  the  same  service  in  another  Region  requires.  The  application  of  inter-  Regional  reciprocity
 without  an  operational  or  technical  basis  may  lead  to  inefficient  use  of  the  limited  orbital  spectrum  resources  and  unnecessary  contraints  on  services.
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 10
 Based  on  the  above  considerations,  these  proposals  outline  sharing  criteria  designed  to  protect  BSS  receive  antennas  of  45  cm  to  2.4  m  in  Region  2,  60  cm  to  2.4  m  in  Regions  1  and  3  and  FSS
 receive  antennas  of  60  cm  to  11m  in  all  ITU  Regions.  As  previously  noted,  the  antenna  patterns  and  protection  objectives  are  consistent  with  those  outlined  in  Section  3.2  of  the  CPM  Report.
 It  is  noted  that  there  is  still  debate  on  minimum  antenna  sizes  for  BSS  and  FSS  receive  antennas  in  Regions  1  and  3  and  the  US  will  continue  to  monitor  studies/  data  with  respect  to  this  issue  and
 update  its  proposals  as  necessary.
 APPENDIX  30
 ANNEX  1  (WRC-  2000)
 Limits  for  determining  whether  a  service  of  an  administration  is  affected  by  a  proposed  modification  to  the  Region  2  Plan  or  by  a  proposed
 new  or  modified  assignment  in  the  Regions  1  and  3  List  or  when  it  is  necessary  under  this  Appendix  to  seek
 the  agreement  of  any  other  administration  14
 (See  Article  4)
 USA/  xx/  1  NOC
 2  Limits  to  the  change  in  the  overall  equivalent  protection  margin  for  frequency  assignments  in  conformity  with  the  Region  2  Plan
 Reason  :  ITU-  R  studies  did  not  identify  a  need  to  modify  this  section.  Therefore  the  current  OEPM  degradation  limit  is  appropriate  and  should  be  maintained.
 14  With  respect  to  this  Annex,  except  for  Section  2,  the  limits  relate  to  the  power  flux-  density  which  would
 be  obtained  assuming  free-  space  propagation  conditions.
 With  respect  to  Section  2  of  this  Annex,  the  limit  specified  relates  to  the  overall  equivalent  protection  margin  calculated  in  accordance  with    2.2.4  of  Annex  5.
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 12
 Reason  :  ITU-  R  studies  determined  this  mask  was  appropriate  for  inter-  regional  protection  of  BSS  networks  from  BSS  networks  utilizing  receive  antenna  sizes  between  45  cm  to  2.4  m  for  Region  2
 and  60  cm  to  11  m  for  Regions  1  and  3.
 USA/  xx/  3
 NOC
 4  Limits  to  the  power  flux-  density  to  protect  the  terrestrial  services  of  other
 administrations  18  ,  19  ,  20
 USA/  xx/  4
 MOD
 6  Limits  to  the  change  in  the  power  flux-  density  of  assignments  in  the  Regions  1  and  3  Plan  or  List  to  protect  the  fixed-  satellite  service  (space-  to-  Earth)  in  the  band  11.7-  12.2
 GHz  in  Region  2  or  in  the  band  12.2-  12.5  GHz  in  Region  3,  and  of  assignments  in  the  Region  2  Plan  to  protect  the  fixed-  satellite  service  (space-  to-  Earth)  in  the  band  12.5-
 12.7  GHz  in  Region  1  and  in  the  band  12.2-  12.7  GHz  in  Region  3
 With  respect  to    4.1.1  e)  of  Article  4,  an  administration  in  Region  2  or  Region  3  shall  be  considered  as  being  affected  if  the  proposed  new  or  modified  assignment  in  the  Regions  1  and  3
 List  would  result  in  an  increase  in  the  power  flux-  density  over  the  service  area  of  a  fixed-  satellite  service  network  in  Region  2  or  Region  3  with  overlapping  frequency  assignments  on  its  territory  of
 0.25  dB  or  more  above  that  resulting  from  the  frequency  assignments  in  the  Plan  or  List  for  Regions  1  and  3  as  established  by  WRC-  2000.
 With  respect  to    4.2.3  e),  an  administration  in  Region  1  or  3  shall  be  considered  as  being  affected  if  the  proposed  modification  to  the  Region  2  Plan  would  result  in  an  increase  in  the  power  flux-density
 over  the  service  area  of  a  fixed-  satelite  service  network  in  Region  1  or  Region  3  with  overlapping  freqeuncy  assignments  on  its  territory  of  0.25  dB  or  more  above  that  resulting  from  the
 frequency  assignments  in  the  Region  2  Plan  at  the  time  of  entry  into  force  of  the  Final  Acts  of  the  1985  Conference.
 With  respect  to    4.1.1  e)  of  Article  4,  where  a  proposed  new  or  modified  assignment  in  the  Regions  1  and  3  List  would  result  in  not  exceeding  thegives  a  power  flux-  densitiesy  given  below  of
 18  See    3.18  of  Annex  5.
 19  In  the  band  12.5-  12.7  GHz  in  Region  1,  these  limits  are  applicable  only  to  the  territory  of  administrations
 mentioned  in  Nos.  5.494  and  5.496.
 20  See  Resolution  34.
12
 17
 USA/  xxx/  7
 MOD
 ANNEX  6  39
 Criteria  for  sharing  between  services
 ADD
 Part  A  Technical  bases  for  the  criteria  for  sharing  between  space  services  in  Annexes  1  and  4  of  this  Appendix
 The  revised  inter-  Regional  sharing  criteria  involving  the  fixed-  satellite  service  and  the  broadcasting-  satellite  service  in  the  bands  governed  by  Appendix  30  are  based  on  the  following
 assumptions.
 1  Reference  antenna  patterns
 1.1  For  earth  station  antennas  in  the  fixed-  satellite  service  or  in  the  broadcasting-  satellite  service  with  diameters  between  45  cm  and  240  cm,  the  gain  of  the  side  lobes  is  given  by
 [Recommendation  ITU-  R  BO.  1213].
 1.2  For  earth  station  antennas  in  the  fixed-  satellite  service  with  diameters  greater  than  240  cm,  the  gain  of  the  side  lobes  is  given  by  Recommendation  ITU-  R  S.  580-  5,  with  29-  25log    side-  lobe
 envelope,  complemented  in  the  main  lobe  by  Annex  III  to  Appendix  8,  which  is  equivalent  to  Section  3  of  Annex  3  to  Appendix  7  (WRC-  2000).
 1.3  For  the  broadcasting-  satellite  service  and  fixed-  satellite  service  earth  stations  an  antenna  efficiency  of  65%  was  used  at  a  freqeuncy  of  11.7  GHz.
 2  Antenna  sizes  and  noise  temperatures
 The  range  of  antenna  sizes  and  associated  noise  temperatures  considered  for  the  protection  of  the  fixed-  satellite  service  and  the  broadcasting-  satellite  service  are  given  in  the  following  table:
 39  Sections  1  and  2  of  Part  B  of  this  Annex  are  applicable  when  the  services  of  Regions  1  or  3  are  involved.
 Section  3  of  Part  B  is  applicable  to  all  Regions.
17
 19
 4  Power  flux-  density  for  FSS  and  BSS  with  specific  antenna  diameters
 The  table  below  contains  power  flux-  density  levels  derived  for  FSS  and  BSS  earth  stations  with  specific  antenna  diamaters  assuming  the  characteristics  defined  in  Sections  1,2  and  3  above.  These
 levels  were  used  to  develop  the  pfd  masks  in  Sections  3  and  6  of  Annex  1  and  in  Annex  4  of  Appendix  30  by  taking  the  envelope  of  the  individual  pfd  masks  for  the  relevant  antenna  sizes.
 Power  flux-  density  (pfd)  in  dB  (W/  m  2  /27  MHz)  corresponding  to  different  antenna  diameters
 Orbital  separation  between  wanted  and
 interfering  space  stations
 45  cm  60  cm  80  cm  120  cm  240  cm  500  cm  800  cm  1  100  cm
 0  134.  2  136.  7  138.  7  142.  2  147.  4  152.  5  155.  6  158.  2
 >  0  For  any  value  of  the  orbital  separation    between  the  wanted  and  interfering  space  stations,  the  applicable  pfd  should  be  relaxed  from  the  value  corresponding  to  0  orbital
 separation  by  adding  the  off-  axis  antenna  discrimination,  as  calculated  under  the  assumptions  in  Section  1  above.
 Reasons:  The  proposed  revisions  to  the  sharing  criteria  in  Sections  3  and  6  of  Annex  1  and  in  Annex  4  to  Appendix  30  are  based  on  assumptions  on  antenna  patterns,  transmission  characteristics
 (antenna  sizes  and  associated  noise  temperatures)  and  protection  criteria  that  should  be  explained  in  this  Annex.
 USA/  xx/  8
 ADD
 Part  B  Sharing  criteria  used  in  establishing  the  WARC  77  Plan
 USA/  xx/  9
 NOC
 Sections  1  to  3  of  Annex  6
 Reasons:  These  sections  are  maintained  for  historical  purposes  since  they  explain  the  sharing  criteria  which  were  used  in  establishing  the  original  WARC-  77  Plan.
19
 20
 USA/  xx/  10  ADD
 Editorial  note:  the  text  provided  should  be  added  to  the  end  of  Section  3.4
 ANNEX  5
 Technical  data  used  in  establishing  the  provisions  and  associated  Plans  and  the  Regions  1  and  3  List,  which  should  be  used
 for  their  application  22  (WRC-  20003)
 3.4  Protection  ratio  between  television  signals
 In  Region  2,  the  following  protection  ratios  have  been  adopted  for  the  purpose  of  calculating  the  overall  equivalent  protection  margin  1  :
 28  dB  for  co-  channel  signals;
 13.6  dB  for  adjacent-  channel  signals;
 9.9  dB  for  second  adjacent-  channel  signals.
 In  Region  2,  as  a  guide  for  planning,  the  reduction  in  the  overall  C/  I  ratio  due  to  co-  channel  interference  in  the  feeder  link  is  taken  as  equivalent  to  a  degradation  in  the  down-  link  co-  channel
 C/  I  ratio  of  approximately  0.5  dB  not  exceeded  for  99%  of  the  worst  month,  but  the  feeder-  link  and  downlink  Plans  are  evaluated  on  the  basis  of  the  overall  equivalent  protection  margin,  which
 includes  the  combined  downlink  and  feeder-  link  contributions.
 In  Region  2,  an  overall  equivalent  protection  margin  of  0  dB,  or  greater,  indicates  that  the  individual  protection  ratios  have  been  met  for  the  co-  channel,  the  adjacent  channels  and  the  second
 adjacent  channels.
 1  The  definitions  in    1.  7,  1.8,  1.9,  1.10  and  1.  11  of  the  Annex  apply  to  these  calculations.
 USA/  xx/  10  MOD
 3.9.4  The  guardbands  at  both  the  lower  and  upper  edges  may  be  used  for  transmission  in  the  space  operation  service  to  provide  space  operations  functions  in  accordance  with  No.  1.23  in
 support  of  thte  operation  of  geostationary-  satellite  networks  in  the  broadcasting-  satellite  service.
 22  In  revising  this  Annex  at  WRC-  97  and  at  WRC-  2000,  no  changes  have  been  made  to  the  technical  data
 applicable  to  the  Region  2  Plan.  However,  for  all  three  Regions,  it  should  be  noted  that  some  of  the  parameters  of  networks  proposed  as  modifications  to  the  Region  2  Plan  and  the  Regions  1  and  3  List  may
 differ  from  the  technical  data  presented  herein.  (WRC-  2000)
 1  The  definitions  in    1.7,  1.8,  1.9,  1.10  and  1.11  of  the  Annex  apply  to  these  calculations.
20
 21
 USA/  xx/  11  NOC
 ANNEX  7  (WRC-  2000)
 Orbital  position  limitations
 Reason:  The  ITU-  R  studies  lead  to  the  conclusion  that  the  proposed  changes  to  the  sharing  criteria  did  not  warrant  changing  the  A3  limitations.
 APPENDIX  30A
 ANNEX  1
 Limits  for  determining  whether  a  service  of  an  administration  is  considered  to  be  affected  by  a  proposed  modification  to  the  Region  2  feeder-  link  Plan
 or  by  a  proposed  new  or  modified  assignment  in  the  Regions  1  and  3  feeder-  link  Lists  or  when  it  is  necessary  under  this  Appendix  to  seek
 the  agreement  of  any  other  administration  (WRC-  2000)
 USA/  xx/  12
 NOC
 3  Limits  to  the  change  in  the  overall  equivalent  protection  margin  with  respect  to  frequency  assignments  in  conformity  with  the  Region  2  feeder-  link
 Plan  18  (WRC-  2000)
 Reason:  There  was  a  consensus  among  Region  2  administrations  participating  in  the  ITU-  R  studies,  that  the  current  OEPM  degradation  limit  was  appropriate  and  should  be  maintained.
 18  With  respect  to    3  the  limit  specified  relates  to  the  overall  equivalent  protection  margin  calculated  in
 accordance  with    1.12  of  Annex  3.
21
 22
 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  143(  05.09.02)
 Draft  Proposal  for  Resolution  136  (WRC-  2000)
 WRC-  03  Agenda  Item  1.29:  to  consider  the  results  of  studies  related  to  Resolutions  136  (WRC-  2000)  and  78  (WRC-  2000)  dealing  with  sharing  between  non-  GSO  and  GSO  systems;
 Background  Information:  Resolution  136  invited  the  ITU-  R  to  undertake  the  appropriate  technical,  operational,  and  regulatory  studies  on  sharing  arrangements  in  order  to  achieve  an
 appropriate  balance  between  GSO  FSS  networks  and  non-  GSO  FSS  systems  in  the  37.5-  50.2  GHz  frequency  range.
 Both  GSO  FSS  networks  and  non-  GSO  FSS  systems  are  planned  for  operation  within  the  37.5-  42.  5  GHz  and  47.2-  50.2  GHz  bands.  FSS  systems  based  on  the  use  of  new  technologies  associated  with
 both  geostationary  and  non-  geostationary  orbits  are  capable  of  providing  both  the  most  densely  populated  and  the  most  isolated  regions  of  the  world  with  high  capacity  and  low-  cost  means  of
 communications.  WRC-  2000,  recognizing  that  there  had  been  little  or  no  deployment  of  satellite  systems  in  the  band  37.5-  50.2  GHz,  correctly  concluded  in  Resolution  136  (WRC-  2000)  that  both
 GSO  FSS  and  non-  GSO  FSS  operators  should  be  expected  to  exhibit  flexibility  in  achieving  the  appropriate  balance  in  the  sharing  environment,  and  urged  administrations,  in  the  application  of
 Article  22  to  their  GSO  FSS  networks  and  non-  GSO  FSS  systems  in  this  range  prior  to  WRC-  03,  to  seek  balanced  sharing  arrangements.  Since  WRC-  2000,  progress  was  made  in  compiling
 information  on  the  characteristics  of  both  GSO  networks  and  non-  GSO  FSS  systems  planned  to  operate  in  the  40/  50  GHz  bands.  At  the  same  time,  it  was  recognized  that  if  no  techniques  were
 employed  to  avoid  direct  coupling  between  the  main  beams  of  satellites  in  a  non-  GSO  system  and  the  main  beams  of  earth  stations  in  a  GSO  network,  and  vice  versa,  during  the  short  periods  when
 "in-  line"  transitions  occur,  the  interference  in  both  directions,  which  is  likely  to  be  modest  for  the  majority  of  the  time,  would  rise  sharply  by  many  dB  for  short  periods  aggregating  to  small
 percentages  of  time.
 To  date  the  ITU-  R  work  done  for  the  40/  50  GHz  bands  has  been  fairly  limited.  One  new  recommendation  discusses  the  use  of  orthogonal  polarizations  and  other  techniques  as  potential
 means  of  sharing  between  GSO  networks  and  non-  GSO  systems  in  this  frequency  range.  However,  the  levels  of  acceptable  interference  for  GSO  FSS  networks  and  non-  GSO  systems  were  not  fully
 assessed.  Moreover  potentially  available  mitigation  techniques  such  as  satellite  diversity  or  arc  avoidance,  geographic  isolation  between  earth  stations,  etc.,  cannot  be  easily  translated  into
 regulatory  provisions  that  may  require  the  development  of  a  set  of  epfd  masks  to  protect  GSO  FSS  networks  and  of  off-  axis  e.  i.  r.  p.  density  masks  to  protect  non-  GSO  FSS  systems.
22
 23
 In  most  cases  sharing  between  a  GSO  FSS  network  and  a  non-  GSO  FSS  system  of  the  LEO  or  MEO  type  will  be  feasible  only  if  mitigation  techniques  to  avoid  main  beam-  to-  main  beam
 coupling  of  "in-  line"  interference  are  applied.  Such  techniques  could  include,  for  example:
   Satellite  diversity  or  arc  avoidance;    Geographical  isolation  between  earth  stations;
   Adaptive  coding;    Link  balancing
   Use  of  orthogonal  polarizations.
 It  is  considered  premature  to  conclude  on  the  advantages  and  disadvantages  of  each  technique  until  the  further  studies  have  been  accomplished.  There  is  no  need  for  modifications  in  Article  22  at  this
 time.  Instead,  modification  of  Resolution  136  (WRC-  2000)  is  required  to  reflect  a  new  date  for  completion  of  studies  and  action  by  a  future  Conference,  and  the  addition  of  an  appropriate  item  to
 a  future  WRC  agenda.
23
 24
 Proposal:
 USA/  1.29(  136)/  1  MOD
 RESOLUTION  136  (WRC-  2000REV  WRC-  03)
 Frequency  sharing  in  the  range  37.5-  50.2  GHz  between  geostationary  fixed-  satellite  service  networks  and  non-  geostationary
 fixed-  satellite  service  systems
 The  World  Radiocommunication  Conference  (Istanbul,  2000Geneva,  2003)
 considering
 a)  that  this  Conference  hasWRC-  2000  made  provisions  for  the  operation  of  geostationary  fixed-  satellite  service  (GSO  FSS)  networks  and  non-  GSO  FSS  systems  in  the  10-  30  GHz  frequency
 range;  b)  that  there  is  an  emerging  interest  in  operating  GSO  FSS  networks  and  non-  GSO  FSS
 systems  in  the  37.5-  50.2  GHz  range;  c)  that  there  is  a  need  to  provide  for  the  orderly  development  and  implementation  of  new
 satellite  technologies  in  the  37.5-  50.2  GHz  frequency  range;  d)  that  systems  based  on  the  use  of  new  technologies  associated  with  both  GSO  FSS  networks
 and  non-  GSO  FSS  systems  are  capable  of  providing  the  most  isolated  regions  of  the  world  with  high-  capacity  and  low-  cost  means  of  communication;
 e)  that  there  should  be  equitable  access  to  the  radio  frequency  spectrum  and  orbital  resources  in  a  mutually  acceptable  manner  that  allows  for  new  entrants  in  the  provision  of  services;
 f)  that  the  Radio  Regulations  should  be  sufficiently  flexible  to  accommodate  the  introduction  and  implementation  of  innovative  technologies  as  they  evolve;
 g)  that  the  CPM  Report  to  WRC-  2000  stated  that  in  the  bands  37.5-  50.2  GHz,  where  there  has  been  little  or  no  deployment  of  satellite  systems  to  date,  both  GSO  FSS  and  non-  GSO  FSS
 operators  should  be  expected  to  exhibit  flexibility  in  achieving  the  appropriate  balance  in  the  sharing  environment,;
 h)  that  this  Conference,  having  considered  the  outcome  of  ITU-  R  studies  on  this  subject  as  summarized  in  the  CPM  Report  to  this  Conference,  decided  that  further  studies  are  needed  before
 the  conditions  for  non-  GSO  FSS  systems  to  share  these  bands  with  GSO  FSS  systems  can  reliably  be  determined,
 resolves  to  urge  administrations
 in  the  application  of  Article  22  to  their  GSO  FSS  networks  and  non-  GSO  FSS  systems  in  the  37.5-  50.2  GHz  frequency  range  prior  to  WRC-  0306,  to  seek  balanced  sharing  arrangements
 between  these  systems,
24
 25
 invites  ITU-  R
 1  to  undertake,  as  a  matter  of  urgency,  the  appropriate  further  technical,  operational  and  regulatory  studies  on  sharing  arrangements  which  achieve  an  appropriate  balance  between  GSO
 FSS  networks  and  non-  GSO  FSS  systems  in  the  frequency  range  37.5-  50.2  GHz.  Such  further  studies  should  embrace,  but  not  necessarily  be  limited  to:
 a)  Techniques  which  individually  or  in  combination  avoid,  or  otherwise  adequately  mitigate,  main  beam-  to-  main  beam  coupling  of  interference  in  both  directions  between
 non-  GSO  FSS  and  GSO  FSS  systems  at  "in-  line"  instants.  The  studies  should  be  based  on  the  key  parameters  of  systems  firmly  planned  to  operate  in  the  bands  concerned,  and
 should  be  pursued  sufficiently  far  to  establish  appropriate  long-  term  and  short-  term  interference  criteria  and  to  compute  the  time  statistics  of  interference  from  non-  GSO
 system  to  GSO  network,  and  from  GSO  network  to  non-  GSO  system,  to  determine  whether  those  criteria  would  be  met.  The  computations  and  comparisons  should  be  made
 firstly  assuming  no  mitigation,  and  subsequently  with  each  of  the  various  mitigation  techniques  or  combinations  of  mitigation  techniques  envisaged.  The  mitigation
 techniques  thus  investigated  should  include:
   Satellite  diversity  or  arc  avoidance.
   Geographical  isolation  between  earth  stations.
   Site  diversity.
   Adaptive  coding.
   Link  balancing.
   Opposite  polarizations  for  GSO  and  non-  GSO  systems.
   Other  appropriate  techniques,  if  any.
 b)  The  development  of  technical,  operational  and  regulatory  guidance  which  would  enable  WRC-  06  to  decide  whether  or  not  to  include,  in  the  Radio  Regulations,  epfd  limits  on
 non-  GSO  FSS  systems  for  the  protection  of  GSO  FSS  networks,  and  off-  axis  e.  i.  r.  p.  density  limits  on  earth  stations  in  GSO  FSS  networks  for  the  protection  of  non-  GSO
 FSS  systems,  in  the  frequency  range  37.5-  50.2  GHz.  Such  guidance  should  include  quantitative  values  for  suitable  epfd  ,  epfd  and  off-  axis  e.  i.  r.  p.  density  limits;
 instructs  the  Director  of  the  BR
 2  to  report  the  results  of  these  studies  to  WRC-  0306.
 Reason:  To  allow  additional  time  for  the  completion  of  the  necessary  ITU-  R  studies.
25
 26
 III.  Informal  Working  Group  4:  Fixed  Service/  Fixed-  Satellite  Service  Sharing
 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  144(  05.09.02)
 WRC-  03  Agenda  Item  1.13:  to  consider  regulatory  provisions  and  possible  identification  of  existing  frequency  allocations  for  services  which  may  be  used  by  high  altitude  platform  stations,
 taking  into  account  No.  5.543A  and  the  results  of  the  ITU-  R  studies  conducted  in  accordance  with  Resolutions  122  (Rev.  WRC-  2000)  and  734  (WRC-  2000);
 Background:  At  WRC-  97,  the  bands  47.2-  47.5  GHz  and  47.9-  48.2  GHz  (which  were  already  allocated  for  the  fixed  service)  were  designated  within  the  fixed  service  for  High-  Altitude  Radio-Relay
 Platform  Stations  (HAPS).  WRC-  2000  confirmed  this  designation  and  under  Resolution  122  (Rev.  WRC-  2000)  requested  that  studies  continue  on  regulatory  and  sharing  issues  in  these  bands.
 While  this  designation  does  not  limit  the  use  of  a  band  by  types  of  services  for  which  it  is  already  allocated,  it  does  give  guidance  to  administrations  wishing  to  implement  specific  service  types.
 WRC-  2000,  through  Resolution  122,  requested  that  the  ITU-  R  conduct  studies,  taking  into  account  the  requirements  of  other  Fixed  Service  systems  and  other  services,  on  the  feasibility  of  identifying
 suitable  frequencies  for  the  use  of  HAPS  in  the  Fixed  Service  in  the  range  18    32  GHz  in  Region  3.  These  studies  were  requested  by  several  Region  3  countries  specifically  because  the  previously
 identified  47  GHz  band  is  highly  susceptible  to  rain  attenuation,  and  therefore  a  suitable  2x300  MHz  identification  in  a  lower  band  was  needed  for  HAPS  in  those  countries.  The  studies  are  to
 focus  particularly,  but  not  exclusively,  on  the  bands  27.5    28.35  GHz  and  31.0    31.3  GHz.  In  addition,  country  footnote  5.537A  was  adopted  to  permit  the  use  of  HAPS  (HAPS-  to-  ground)  in  the
 fixed  service  allocation  in  the  band  27.5-  28.35  GHz  on  a  non-  interference,  non-  protected  basis  in  certain  Region  3  countries  and  one  Region  1  country.  This  band,  by  country  footnote  5.543A,  was
 paired  with  the  31-  31.3  GHz  band  for  use  by  HAPS  (ground-  to-  HAPS),  also  on  a  non-  interference,  non-  protected  basis.  Additionally,  use  of  the  31    31.3  GHz  band  is  subject  to  not  causing  harmful
 interference  to  EESS  (passive)  and  RAS  services  operating  in  the  31.3-  31.8  GHz  band.  The  footnote  urged  the  identified  administrations  to  utilize  only  the  31.0-  31.15  GHz  band  until  studies
 were  completed.
 47  GHz  Band
 With  regard  to  the  bands  47.2-  47.5  GHz  and  47.9-  48.2  GHz,  Resolution  122  (Rev.  WRC-  2000)  indicated  that  sharing  studies  remain  to  be  completed  between  the  fixed-  satellite  service  (FSS)  and
 HAPS  operations  in  the  fixed  service  (FS).  Pending  the  completion  of  studies,  Resolution  122  instructs  the  Radiocommunication  Bureau  that  from  22  November  1997,  and  pending  review  of
 the  sharing  studies  in  considering  h)  and  review  of  the  notification  process  by  WRC-  99,  the  Bureau  shall  accept  notices  in  the  bands  47.2-  47.5  GHz  and  47.9-  48.2  GHz  only  for  high  altitude  platform
 stations  in  the  fixed  service  and  for  feeder  links  for  the  broadcasting-  satellite  service,  shall  continue  to  process  notices  for  fixed-  satellite  service  networks  (except  for  feeder  links  for  the  broadcasting-satellite
 service)  for  which  complete  information  for  advance  publication  has  been  received  prior  to
26
 27
 27  October  1997,  and  shall  inform  the  notifying  administrations  accordingly."  In  other  words,  notices  received  after  22  November,  1997  from  non-  BSS  feeder  link  FSS  networks  in  the  47.2-  47.5
 GHz  and  47.9-  48.2  GHz  bands  have  not  been  accepted.
 The  studies  in  this  band  have  been  completed  and  the  results  are  contained  in  Recommendation  ITU-  R  SF.  1481.  With  the  exception  of  interference  to  and  from  FSS  spacecraft,  and  border  area
 coordination  matters  in  the  FS,  the  deployment  of  HAPS  is  a  national  issue.  The  issue  of  interference  between  the  FSS  satellite  and  HAPS  networks    in  particular,  if  HAPS  networks  in  this
 band  are  not  used  to  provide  ubiquitous  service  and  if  FSS  earth  stations  utilize  antennas  with  diameters  of  at  least  2.4  m  or  other  types  of  antennas  with  similar  performance    can  be  addressed
 through  coordination  using  Articles  9  and  11  of  the  Radio  Regulations.  As  a  result,  all  portions  of  Resolution  122  dealing  with  the  47  GHz  band  can  be  suppressed,  provided  that  reference  to  the  use
 of  Article  9  for  HAPS  is  included  in  the  Radio  Regulations.
 27  and  31  GHz  Bands
 To  date,  all  sharing  studies  in  the  18-  32  GHz  range  under  Resolution  122  within  the  ITU-  R  have  focused  exclusively  on  the  bands  27.5-  28.35  GHz  and  31.0-  31.3  GHz.
 No.  5.543A  of  the  Radio  Regulations  provides  that  the  allocation  to  the  fixed  service  in  the  band  31.0-  31.3  GHz  may  also  be  used  by  HAPS  in  the  ground-  to-  HAPS  direction  in  certain  countries.  In
 such  cases,  HAPS  uplinks  in  the  band  31.0-  31.3  GHz  shall  not  cause  harmful  interference  to,  nor  claim  protection  from,  other  fixed-  service  systems  or  other  co-  primary  services,  as  indicated  in
 No.  5.543A.  In  addition,  the  use  of  HAPS  in  the  band  31.0-  31.3  GHz  shall  not  cause  harmful  interference  to  the  passive  services  having  a  primary  allocation  in  the  band  31.3-  31.8  GHz.  The
 ITU-  R  has  not  yet  developed  Recommendations  regarding  the  compatibility  between  HAPS  and  the  EESS  (passive)  and  RAS.
 No.  5.537A  of  the  Radio  Regulations  provides  that  the  allocation  to  the  fixed  service  in  the  band  27.5-  28.35  GHz  may  also  be  used  by  HAPS  in  certain  countries  listed  in  No.  5.537A.  The  use  of
 the  fixed  service  allocation  at  27.5-  28.35  GHz  by  HAPS  is  limited  to  operation  in  the  HAPS-  to-ground  direction  and  shall  not  cause  harmful  interference  to,  nor  claim  protection  from,  other  types
 of  fixed-  service  systems  or  other  co-  primary  services.  The  ITU-  R  has  adopted  a  new  Recommendation  [Doc.  4/  89-  9/  148]  containing  a  methodology  for  evaluating  interference  from
 HAPS-  to-  ground  transmissions  to  FSS  earth-  to-  space  transmissions,  however  specific  protection  criteria  have  not  yet  been  agreed.
 The  same  concerns  expressed  at  WRC-  00  by  many  Administrations,  including  the  U.  S.,  with  respect  to  identifying  HAPS  use  in  the  fixed  service  in  the  18    32  GHz  band  are  still  valid  today.
 Internationally  the  FSS  is  allocated  on  a  global  basis  in  the  17.7    21.2  GHz  and  27.5    31.0  GHz  bands  and  the  FSS  community  has  invested  large  amounts  of  resources  and  time  in  the  development
 of  global  FSS  systems  that  operate  or  are  planned  to  operate  in  these  bands.  The  FSS  community  remains  very  concerned  about  their  ability  to  deploy  already  planned  global  FSS  satellite  systems  in
 these  bands  without  hindrance  from  HAPS  deployment  in  the  same  bands.  Additionally,  there  is  concern  regarding  compatibility  of  HAPS  with  existing  global  FSS  systems  that  operate  in  these
 bands.  Given  that  the  original  intent  of  these  studies  was  to  find  a  suitable  alternative  to  the  2x300  MHz  of  spectrum  identified  for  FS  HAPS  at  47  GHz  in  Region  3,  and  the  fact  that  the  27.5-  28.35
27
 28
 GHz  range  is  the  only  range  that  has  been  considered  for  the  HAPS-  to-  ground  direction  for  this  alternative,  narrowing  the  frequency  range  of  consideration  for  potential  HAPS  services  to  a
 specific  and  common  300  MHz  band  within  the  27.5-  28.35  GHz  range  in  all  of  the  countries  listed  in  No.  5.537A  would  help  to  ease  the  concerns  of  the  FSS  in  this  regard  and  would  bring  any  final
 allocation  decision  in  line  with  the  original  intent  of  WRC-  2000.  Identification  of  a  specific  and  common  300  MHz  band  within  this  frequency  range  would  also  facilitate  the  design  and
 implementation  of  HAPS  systems  in  this  band.
 The  EESS  (passive)  and  RAS  service  communities  are  also  very  concerned  about  the  possibility  of  interference  from  HAPS  FS  stations  in  the  31  31.3  GHz  band,  which  is  adjacent  to  the  31.3-  31.5
 GHz  passive  band  allocated  on  a  primary  basis  to  the  Earth  exploration-  satellite  (passive)  and  space  research  (passive)  services  for  passive  remote  sensing  of  the  Earth.  This  passive  sensing  band  is  of
 vital  importance  in  Earth  observation  and  weather  forecasting  because  it  is  the  reference  band  used  in  conjunction  with  the  unique  oxygen  absorption  bands  from  50.2  59.3  GHz.  Unwanted
 interference  in  this  band  from  out-  of-  band  emissions  from  HAPS  would  be  particularly  harmful  to  the  remote  sensing  use  of  the  band.  The  31.3-  31.8  GHz  band  is  also  allocated  to  the  RAS  on  a
 primary  basis,  and  is  extensively  used,  e.  g.  for  studies  of  the  Cosmic  Microwave  Background.
 For  the  case  of  HAPS  compatibility  with  passive  services  (both  passive  sensing  and  radio  astronomy  service),  studies  have  indicated  that  certain  types  of  HAPS  systems  may  be  compatible
 with  these  passive  services.  HAPS  uplinks  may  have  to  operate  with  certain  constraints  in  order  to  limit  unwanted  emissions;  however,  experimental  hardware  has  been  developed  to  demonstrate  the
 feasibility  of  such  operation.  The  results  of  these  studies  leading  to  compatible  operation  between  HAPS  and  passive  services  should  be  incorporated  in  an  ITU-  R  Recommendation(  s).
 Proposal:
 USA/  1.13/  1
 MOD
 5.537A  In  Bhutan,  Indonesia,  Iran  (Islamic  Republic  of),  Japan,  Maldives,  Mongolia,  Myanmar,  Pakistan,  the  Dem.  Peoples  Rep.  of  Korea,  Sri  Lanka,  Thailand  and  Viet  Nam,  the  allocation  to  the
 fixed  service  in  the  band  27.5-  28.35  GHz  may  also  be  used  by  high  altitude  platform  stations  (HAPS).  The  use  of  HAPS  within  the  band  27.5-  28.35  GHz  by  HAPS  is  limited  within  the  territory
 of  each  Administration  to  a  single  300  MHz  sub-  band.  Such  use  of  300  MHz  of  the  FS  allocation  by  HAPS  in  the  above  countries  is  further  limited  to  operation  in  the  HAPS-  to-  ground  direction  and
 shall  not  cause  harmful  interference  to,  nor  claim  protection  from,  other  types  of  fixed-  service  systems  or  other  co-  primary  services.  See  Resolution  HAPS  28-  31  (WRC-  03).  (WRC-  20030)
 Reason:  The  identification  of  300  MHz  of  spectrum  within  the  band  27.5-  28.35  GHz,  along  with  the  300  MHz  at  31-  31.3  GHz,  is  intended  to  be  an  alternative  for  the  2x300  MHz  that  is
 problematic  in  the  specified  countries  due  to  excessive  rain  attenuation  at  47  GHz.  This  proposal  implements  that  intent  by  limiting  use  of  HAPS  in  the  named  Administrations  to  300  MHz  within
 the  identified  850  MHz  frequency  range  identified  at  WRC-  2000.  The  second  300  MHz  band  is
28
 29
 found  at  31-  31.3  GHz  (see  proposal  USA/  1.13/  2  below).  This  proposal  also  incorporates  the  provisions  of  new  Resolution  HAPS  28-  31  (WRC-  03)  into  the  Radio  Regulations.
 USA/  1.13/  2
 MOD
 5.543A  In  Bhutan,  Indonesia,  Iran  (Islamic  Republic  of),  Japan,  Maldives,  Mongolia,  Myanmar,  Pakistan,  the  Dem.  Peoples  Rep.  of  Korea,  Sri  Lanka,  Thailand  and  Viet  Nam,  the
 allocation  to  the  fixed  service  in  the  band  31-  31.3  GHz  may  also  be  used  by  high  altitude  platform  stations  (HAPS)  in  the  ground-  to-  HAPS  direction.  The  use  of  the  band  31-  31.3  GHz  by  systems
 using  HAPS  shall  not  cause  harmful  interference  to,  nor  claim  protection  from,  other  types  of  fixed-service  systems  or  other  co-  primary  services,  taking  into  account  No.  5.545.  The  use  of  HAPS  in
 the  band  31-  31.3  GHz  shall  not  cause  harmful  interference  to  the  passive  services  having  a  primary  allocation  in  the  band  31.  3-  31.8  GHz,  taking  into  account  the  interference  criteria  given  in
 Recommendations  ITU-  R  SA.  1029  and  ITU-  R  RA.  769.  The  administrations  of  the  countries  listed  above  are  urged  to  limit  the  deployment  of  HAPS  in  the  band  31-  31.3  GHz  to  the  lower  half  of  this
 band  (31-  31.15  GHz)  until  WRC-  03.  See  Resolution  HAPS  28-  31  (WRC-  03).  (WRC-  20030)
 Reason:  ITU-  R  studies  conducted  to  date  have  demonstrated  that  certain  HAPS  system  designs,  operating  with  certain  constraints,  could  operate  on  a  non-  interference  basis  and  appropriately
 protect  other  systems  and  services.  In  addition,  these  studies  have  shown  that  HAPS  can  operate  without  the  need  for  claiming  protection.  Given  that  HAPS  applications  in  the  FS  and  the  adjacent
 services  are  of  different  status  and  operate  in  different  bands,  the  results  of  studies  should  remain  within  the  ITU-  R  and  not  result  in  specific  limits  within  No.  5.543A.  There  is,  however,  a  need  to
 modify  No.  5.543A  to  incorporate  new  Resolution  HAPS  28-  31  (WRC-  03)  into  the  Radio  Regulations.
 USA/  1.13/  3
 SUP
 RESOLUTION  122  (Rev.  WRC-  2000)
 Use  of  the  bands  47.2-  47.5  GHz  and  47.9-  48.2  GHz  by  high  altitude  platform  stations  (HAPS)  in  the  fixed  service  and  by  other  services  and  the  potential  use  of  bands  in  the  range  18-  32  GHz  by
 HAPS  in  the  fixed  service
 Reason:  Studies  called  for  in  relation  to  HAPS  at  47  GHz  have  been  completed.  The  Resolution  122  application  of  the  provisions  of  Article  9  is  proposed  for  incorporation  into  the  Radio
 Regulations  (see  USA/  1.13/  5  below).  All  Resolution  122  issues  relating  to  HAPS  operation  in  the  18-  32  GHz  range  would  be  addressed  in  a  new  WRC  Resolution  (see  USA/  1.13/  7  below).
29
 30
 USA/  1.13/  4
 MOD
 The  allocation  to  the  fixed  service  in  the  bands  47.2-  47.5  GHz  and  47.9-  48.2  GHz  is  designated  for  use  by  high  altitude  platform  stations.  The  use  of  the  bands  47.2-  47.5  GHz  and  47.9-
 48.2  GHz  by  high  altitude  platforms  in  the  fixed  service  is  subject  to  the  provisions  of  Nos.  9.15,  and  9.16,  and  9.22  of  the  Radio  Regulations.  Resolution  122  (WRC-  97).  See  Resolution  HAPS
 28-  31  (WRC-  03).
 Reason:  Consequential  to  the  SUP  of  Resolution  122.  While  studies  have  been  completed,  HAPS  systems  still  need  to  be  subject  to  the  provisions  of  Article  9  to  ensure  coordination  with  the  FSS  at
 47  GHz.  The  reference  to  Resolution  HAPS  28-  31  reflects  the  intent  of  WRC-  2000  that  the  identification  of  2  x  300  MHz  of  FS  spectrum  at  27.5-  28.35  GHz  and  31-  31.3  GHz  in  certain
 countries  is  intended  as  an  alternative  for  the  HAPS  designation  at  47  GHz  which  is  problematic  in  those  countries  due  to  excessive  rain  attenuation.  Nos.  9.15  and  9.16,  which  apply  to  coordinations
 regarding  non-  GSO  FSS  earth  stations  and  terrestrial  stations  (including  HAPS)  need  to  be  called  out  specifically  in  Article  5  in  order  to  be  applicable.  Nos.  9.17  and  9.18,  which  apply  to  the  same
 cases  for  all  but  non-  GSO  FSS  earth  stations,  are  currently  applicable  without  having  to  be  called  out  in  the  Radio  Regulations.  No.  9.22  is  a  new  provision  (see  USA/  1.13/  5  below)  that  is  intended
 to  address  the  previously  unaddressed  coordination  case  of  HAPS  ground-  based  stations  appearing  in  the  coverage  area  of  a  satellite  network.
 USA/  1.13/  5
 MOD
 9.22  Not  used.  q)  for  a  transmitting  station  which  is  part  of  a  high  altitude  platform  station  network  in  a  terrestrial  service,  for  which  the  requirement  to  coordinate  is  included  in  a
 footnote  to  the  Table  of  Frequency  Allocations  referring  to  this  provision,  in  respect  of  a  satellite  network  or  system  having  overlapping  service  areas  with  the  high  altitude  platform  station  network
 and  for  which  the  coordination  or  notification  information,  as  appropriate,  for  the  satellite  network  or  system  was  received  by  the  Bureau  prior  to  the  date  on  which  notice  relating  to  assignments  of
 the  HAPS  network  was  received  by  the  Bureau.
 Reason:  Addresses  a  coordination  scenario  (for  HAPS  terrestrial  stations  appearing  in  the  coverage  area  of  a  satellite  network)  that  is  not  currently  addressed.
 USA/  1.13/  6
 MOD
 9  9.5B.  1  The  only  terrestrial  stations  to  be  taken  into  account  are  those  for  which  the
 requirement  to  coordinate  is  under  Nos.  9.11,  9.11A,  and  9.21,  and  9.22.
30
 31
 Reason:  Consequential  to  the  addition  of  No.  9.22  (see  USA/  1.13/  5  above).
 USA/  1.13/  7
 ADD
 RESOLUTION  HAPS  28-  31  (WRC-  03)
 Potential  use  of  300  MHz  of  spectrum  within  the  band  27.5-  28.35  GHz  and  300  MHz  of  spectrum  at  31.0-  31.3  GHz  by  high  altitude  platform  stations  (HAPS)  in
 the  fixed  service
 The  World  Radiocommunication  Conference  (Geneva,  2003),
 considering
 a)  that  WRC-  97  made  provision  for  operation  of  HAPS,  also  known  as  stratospheric  repeaters,  within  a  2x300  MHz  portion  of  the  fixed  service  allocation  in  the  bands  47.2-  47.5  GHz  and  47.9-
 48.2  GHz;
 b)  that  WRC-  97  adopted  No.  4.15A  specifying  that  transmissions  to  or  from  high  altitude  platform  stations  shall  be  limited  to  bands  specifically  identified  in  Article  5;
 c)  that  at  WRC-  00,  several  countries  in  Region  3  and  one  country  in  Region  1  expressed  a  need  for  an  alternative  band  pairing  for  HAPS  in  a  lower  frequency  range  due  to  the  excessive  rain
 attenuation  that  occurs  at  47  GHz  in  these  countries;
 d)  that,  in  order  to  accommodate  the  need  expressed  by  the  countries  referred  to  in  considering  c),  WRC-  03  adopted  Nos.  5.537A  and  5.543A  to  permit  the  use  of  HAPS  in  the  fixed  service  within
 300  MHz  of  spectrum  in  the  band  27.5-  28.35  GHz  and/  or  in  the  band  31.0-  31.3  GHz  in  certain  Region  3  countries  and  in  one  Region  1  country  on  a  non-  interference,  non-  protection  basis;
 e)  that  the  bands  27.5-  28.35  GHz  and  31.0-  31.3  GHz  are  already  heavily  used  or  planned  to  be  used  by  a  number  of  different  services  and  a  number  of  other  types  of  applications  in  the  fixed
 service;
 f)  that  the  31.3-  31.8  GHz  band  is  allocated  to  the  radio  astronomy,  Earth  exploration-  satellite  (passive)  and  space  research  (passive)  services,  and  the  31.8-  32.3  GHz  band  is  allocated  to  the
 space  research  (deep  space)  service,  and  that  there  is  a  need  to  appropriately  protect  these  services  from  unwanted  emissions,  taking  into  account  No.  S5.340  and  the  interference  criteria  given  in
 Recommendations  ITU-  R  SA.  1029  and  ITU-  R  RA.  769,
 g)  that  technical,  sharing  and  regulatory  issues  should  continue  to  be  studied  in  order  to  determine  appropriate  criteria  for  the  operation  of  HAPS  on  a  non-  interference,  non-  protection
 basis  in  or  within  the  bands  referred  to  in  considering  d)  above;
 h)  that  pending  the  completion  of  studies,  it  may  be  appropriate  for  administrations  that  wish  to  consider  deployment  of  HAPS  systems  in  the  fixed  service  within  300  MHz  of  spectrum  at  27.5-
 28.35  GHz  and/  or  in  300  MHz  of  spectrum  at  31-  31.3  GHz  to  have  some  provisional  means  by
31
 32
 which  to  authorize  such  use  of  HAPS  in  their  territories  without  being  in  derogation  of  the  Radio  Regulations,
 resolves
 1  "to  invite  WRC-  06  to  review  the  results  of  the  studies  specified  below  with  a  view  to  considering  appropriate  revisions  of  the  regulations  affecting  high  altitude  platform  systems,  within
 300  MHz.  of  spectrum  within  the  bands  27.5-  28.35  GHz  and/  or  300  MHz  of  spectrum  at  31.0-  31.3  GHz
 2  that  pending  the  completion  of  the  studies  specified  in  requests  ITU-  R  1  below,  and  notwithstanding  the  applicability  of  No.  4.15A  of  the  Radio  Regulations,  the  use  by  HAPS  stations
 of  300  MHz  of  the  fixed  service  allocation  within  the  band  27.5-  28.35  GHz  and/  or  in  the  31-  31.3  GHz  band,  within  the  territory  of  any  Administration  that  so  desires  but  that  is  not  listed  in  Nos.
 5.537A  and  5.543A,  is  permissible  under  No.  4.4  of  the  Radio  Regulations;  2
 3  that  any  use  by  HAPS  of  the  fixed  service  allocation  at  27.5-  28.35  GHz  pursuant  to  resolves  2  above  shall  be  limited  to  operation  in  the  HAPS-  to-  ground  direction,  and  that  any  use  by  HAPS
 of  the  fixed  service  allocation  at  31-  31.3  GHz  pursuant  to  resolves  2  above  shall  be  limited  to  operation  in  the  ground-  to-  HAPS  direction,
 requests  ITU-  R
 1  to  continue  to  conduct  studies,  as  a  matter  of  urgency,  and  taking  into  account  the  requirements  of  other  fixed-  service  systems  and  other  services,  on  the  feasibility  of  identifying  a
 suitable  and  common  300  MHz  segment  of  the  band  27.5-  28.35  GHz,  in  addition  to  the  300  MHz  band  at  31-  31.3  GHz,  as  an  alternative  to  the  2x300  MHz  paired  band  at  47  GHz,  for  the  use  by
 HAPS  in  the  countries  listed  in  Nos.  5.537A  and  5.543A;
 2  to  incorporate  in  an  ITU-  R  Recommendation(  s)  technical  sharing  criteria  or  HAPS  system  design  constraints  that  are  necessary  to  ensure  that  HAPS  applications  in  the  fixed  service  are  able
 to  be  operated  successfully  on  a  non-  interference,  non-  protection  basis  with  other  fixed  service  systems  and  with  stations,  systems,  and  networks  of  co-  primary  services.
 invites
 Administrations  planning  to  implement  HAPS  systems  within  the  band  27.5-  28.35  GHz  and/  or  in  the  band  31.0-  31.3  GHz,  whether  in  countries  listed  in  Nos.  5.537A  and  5.543A  or  not,  to
 advise  the  Radiocommunication  Bureau  as  soon  as  practicable  of  their  intention  to  do  so  and  of  what  specific  frequencies  (up  to  300  MHz  each  within  the  27.5-  28.35  GHz  and  31-  31.3  GHz  bands)
 are  intended  to  be  used  for  such  systems;
 2  See  Annex  for  minority  view  on  this  resolves
32
 33
 requests  the  Radiocommunication  Bureau
 to  publish  within  90  days  after  the  end  of  WRC-  03  a  list  of  administrations  who  have  so  advised,  and  thereafter  to  publish  within  90  days  updates  containing  the  names  of  administrations  who
 advise  subsequently.
 Reason:  ITU-  R  studies  conducted  to  date  have  demonstrated  that  certain  HAPS  system  designs,  operating  with  certain  constraints,  could  operate  on  a  non-  interference  basis  in  the  bands  identified
 by  WRC-  00  and  appropriately  protect  other  systems  and  services.  Appropriate  interference  allowances  would  have  to  be  developed  and  agreed  within  the  ITU-  R  for  such  cases.  In  addition,
 these  studies  have  shown  that  HAPS  can  operate  without  the  need  for  claiming  protection.  The  technical  details  and  constraints  of  such  systems  would  need  to  be  incorporated  in  ITU-  R
 Recommendations(  s)  to  ensure  that  other  systems  and  services  are  protected.  Pending  completion  of  the  studies,  it  would  be  acceptable  to  suspend  the  operation  of  No.  4.15A,  thereby  allowing
 provisional  operation  of  HAPS  on  a  non-  interference  basis  under  No.  4.4  of  the  Radio  Regulations,  in  300  MHz  of  the  27.5-  28.35  GHz  band  and/  or  in  the  31-  31.3  GHz  band.  The  Bureau  would
 maintain  and  publish  a  list  (to  be  updated  periodically)  of  countries  where  HAPS  systems  are  planned  for  implementation,  and  the  precise  frequencies  to  be  used.  Finally,  a  specific  300  MHz
 portion  of  the  27.5-  28.35  GHz  band  needs  to  be  identified  for  pairing  with  31.0-  31.3  GHz.
33
 34
 Annex
 Minority  view  for  resolves  2
 2  that  pending  the  completion  of  the  studies  specified  in  requests  ITU-  R  1  below,  No.  4.15A  of  the  Radio  Regulations  shall  be  provisionally  suspended  in  300  MHz  of  the  fixed  service
 allocation  within  the  band  27.5-  28.35  GHz  and/  or  in  the  31-  31.3  GHz  band  within  the  territory  of  any  Administration  that  so  desires,  provided  that  a  HAPS  station,  when  using  an  assignment  in
 these  bands,  shall  not  cause  harmful  interference  to,  nor  claim  protection  from,  other  types  of  fixed-service  systems  or  other  co-  primary  services;
 This  wording  requires  consequential  changes  to  the  Reason  for  Resolution  28-  31  (WRC-  03)
 Reason:  ITU-  R  studies  conducted  to  date  have  demonstrated  that  certain  HAPS  system  designs,  operating  with  certain  constraints,  could  operate  on  a  non-  interference  basis  in  the  bands  27  and  31
 GHz  bands  identified  by  WRC-  00,  and  can  appropriately  protect  other  systems  and  services  from  harmful  interference.  These  studies  have  also  shown  that  HAPS  can  operate  without  the  need  to
 claim  protection  from  other  systems  and  co-  primary  services.  Provisional  suspension  of  No.  4.15A,  would  allow  other  countries  to  authorize  HAPS  operations  within  their  territories  on  a  non-interference
 basis  in  300  MHz  of  the  27.5-  28.35  GHz  band  and/  or  the  31-  31.3  GHz  band.  The  ITU  Radiocommunication  Bureau  would  maintain  and  publish  a  list  (to  be  updated  periodically)  of
 countries  where  HAPS  systems  are  planned  for  implementation,  their  frequencies  and  operational  characteristics.
 SkyTower  Comments  and  Rationale  in  Support  of  the  Minority  View
 The  Sky  Tower  version  of  the  US  proposal  for  agenda  item  1.13  (HAPS)  differs  from  the  majority  proposal  in  only  one  respect:  the  regulatory  status  to  be  accorded  HAPS  in  additional  countries
 after  WRC-  03.  Identical  to  the  majority  version,  it  proposes  that  HAPS  operation  in  additional  countries  be  subject  to  the  same  prohibition  against  causing  harmful  interference,  and  against
 claiming  protection  from  interference  from  fixed  service  systems,  and  other  primary  services,  that  applies  to  the  countries  now  named  in  the  existing  footnote  Radio  Regulations.  In  contrast,  the
 majority  proposal  would  permit  new  countries  to  operate  HAPS  systems  only  in  derogation  of  the  Radio  Regulations  under  Article  4.4  That  is  a  stultifying,  handicapping,  anti-  competitive,
 difference  which  is  harmful  to  the  development  of  HAPS  systems.
 No  service  that  has  an  allocation  in  the  Table  of  Frequency  Allocations  looks  forward  to  the  prospect  of  having  to  share  its  allocation  with  other  users.  But  sharing  with  new  users  that  have
 either  demonstrated  that  sharing  is  feasible,  or  who  are  obliged  to  operate  in  a  band  under  the  conditions  that  no  harmful  interference  shall  be  caused,  and  that  no  protection  from  interference
 shall  be  claimed,  is  the  only  way  that  new  services  can  come  in  to  operation.
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 35
 The  concerns  of  existing  services  over  the  possibility  of  interference  from  a  new  user  of  their  band  are  real  and  justified.  But  the  essential  question  that  must  be  answered  by  the  allocating  authorities
 --  international  and  domestic    is  whether  the  reasons  advanced  by  the  incumbent  service  or  services  are  real,  justified,  and  reasonable.  Do  the  objections  have  technical  and  regulatory  merit,
 or  are  they  simply  negative  NIMBY  reactions  to  sharing  with  a  new  service,  or  are  they  the  consequence  of  anti-  competitive  motivations?
 SkyTower  is  in  complete  and  total  agreement  with  the  "majority  view"  that  HAPS  operations  should  not  cause  harmful  interference  to  nor  claim  protection  from  interference  from  other  FS
 systems  or  other  services  sharing  the  band.  Within  the  IWG  4,  all  parties  have  agreed  that  HAPS  operations  within  300  MHz  of  the  band  27.5-  28.35  GHz  is  acceptable  under  these  conditions  and
 the  difference  between  the  participants  is  in  the  regulatory  status  to  be  accorded  HAPS  in  additional  countries  under  the  modified  Radio  Regulations.
 During  the  months  of  deliberations  of  IWG-  4,  consensus  was  reached  among  all  participants  on  the  fundamental  aspects  of  a  US  Proposal  for  HAPS:  countries  in  addition  to  those  now  named  in  the
 existing  footnote  Regulations  could  authorize  HAPS  in  300  MHz  out  of  the  850  MHz  bandwidth  of  the  27.5-  28.35  GHz  band;  and  a  specific,  common  300  MHz  would  eventually  be  designated.
 However,  to  achieve  that  consensus  SkyTower  was  forced  to  make  many  costly  concessions,  including:
 -  redesign  of  its  850  MHz  system  to  be  able  to  operate  within  300  MHz:  this  was  a  major  and  costly  concession  as  it  involved  the  introduction  of  multiple  spot  beams  for  frequency  re-  use
 and  the  consequent  costly  weight  and  power  limitations;  -
 -  agreeing  to  restrictive  limitations  on  both  aggregate  and  single  entry  pfd  at  the  orbit;  -
 -  giving  assurances  to  FS  interests  within  the  US  that  any  domestic  use  would  be  through  appropriate  arrangements  with  them,  recognizing  their  rights  to  the  spectrum  and
 notwithstanding  that  the  likelihood  of  interference  from  the  HAPS  stations  to  FS  stations  is  small,
 -  -  agreeing  to  accept  any  interference  into  its  system  and  to  design  it  accordingly,  and
 -  -  agreeing  to  the  removal  of  the  advantage  given  to  HAPS  at  47  GHz  by  WRC  97  so  that  the  BR
 would  be  able  to  accept  filings  from  the  FSS  after  WRC  03.
 All  of  these  were  major  concessions  on  the  part  of  SkyTower,  since  they  had  not  been  incorporated  in  the  already  advanced  design  stages  of  the  system.  In  exchange  for  these  concessions,  all  parties
 agreed  to  the  suspension  of  Radio  Regulation  4.15A  in  the  relevant  bands.  Initially  this  suspension  was  to  be  stated  within  footnotes  5.537A  and  543A.  However,  because  of  several  last  minute
 difficulties  with  introducing  technical  constraints  (i.  e.  PFD  limits)  in  RR  footnotes  (which  would  have  implied  a  specific  definition  of  the  term  harmful  interference),  and  especially  because  these
 constraints  had  not  been  the  result  of  ITU-  R  studies,  it  was  decided  not  to  modify  the  footnotes  but  rather  to  include  the  proposals  for  use  by  additional  countries  in  a  modification  of  existing  ITU
35
 36
 Resolution  28-  31.  In  so  doing,  SkyTower  expected,  and  was  led  to  believe,  that  the  elements  that  had  been  proposed  for  inclusion  in  5.537A  would  be  incorporated  in  the  modified  Resolution.
 The  development  of  HAPS  in  additional  countries  would  be  seriously  handicapped  if  required  to  operate  under  Radio  Regulation  4.4
 The  current  majority  wording  would  throw  HAPS  back  to  operation  under  Article  4.4  of  the  Regulations.  Article  4.4  status  is  no  status  at  all.  It  makes  all  such  operations  pariahs  outside  all  of
 the  other  Regulations.  Even  the  word  used  in  that  Regulation  make  operation  under  4.4  an  outcast:  such  stations  may  operate  in  derogation  of  the  Table  of  Frequency  Allocations  etc.,  etc.  But
 what  comes  after  the  etc.  ,  etc.,  is  exactly  the  same  protection  to  services  sharing  the  bands  with  HAPS  that  are  contained  in  SkyTowers  resolves  2
 But  the  difference  between  status  that  mandates  protection  to  other  services,  and  a  no-  status  status,  is  crucial  to  prospective  investors,  operators,  and  customers.  If  SkyTower  is  to  have  a  chance  to
 interest  investors,  and  to  sell  its  goods  and  services  to  operators  and  customers  around  the  world    and  to  create  jobs  for  American,  revenue  from  overseas  to  American  companies,  and  taxes  to  the
 US  Treasury  --,  it  must  be  given  the  minimal  recognition  implied  by  status  as  an  essentially  secondary  operation.
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 IV.  Informal  Working  Group  7:  Regulatory  Issues  and  Future  Agendas
 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  145(  05.09.02)
 WRC-  03  Agenda  Item  1.30e:  to  consider  possible  changes  to  the  procedures  for  the  advance  publication,  coordination  and  notification  of  satellite  networks  in  response  to  Resolution  86
 (Minneapolis,  1998);
 Background
 Even  where  agreement  between  concerned  administrations  is  reached,  the  existing  Radio  Regulations  have  no  provisions  that  allow  for  the  notification  of  typical  earth  stations  in  the  fixed
 satellite  service  (FSS)  and  typical  stations  in  the  fixed  (FS)  service  for  bands  allocated  above  100  MHz  with  equal  rights  to  the  FSS  and  the  FS  services.
 Both  these  services  are  implementing  large  numbers  of  stations  under  single  authorizations  and  they  would  both  benefit  from  regulations  that  would  facilitate  the  introduction  of  such  stations  through
 the  elimination  of  the  need  for  specific  site  coordination  and  notification  of  every  station  in  such  a  group.
 Fixed-  Satellite  Service  Stations
 A  large  number  of  Fixed  Satellite  Service  (FSS)  earth  stations  are  frequently  authorized  by  an  administration  as  a  group  under  a  single  license.  Such  authorizations  may  encompass  hundreds  or
 even  thousands  of  such  stations  to  be  used  in  the  area  of  a  particular  administration.  Under  the  current  Radio  Regulations,  to  be  recorded  in  the  International  Frequency  List,  each  and  every  one
 of  these  stations  would  require  individual  site  notification  in  bands  where  the  FSS  is  co-  primary  with  the  FS.  Such  a  situation  would  be  triggered  under  No.  9.17,  in  relation  to  9.6  and  9.27  (ref.  to
 Appendix  5).
 No.  9.17  states  inter  alia;  that  coordination  is  required:
 for  any  specific  earth  station  or  typical  mobile  earth  station  in  frequency  bands  above  100  MHz  allocated  with  equal  rights  to  space  and  terrestrial  services  in  the  territory  of  another  country,  with
 the  exception  of  the  coordination  under  9.15.
 Coordination  under  this  regulation  for  a  large  group  of  FSS  earth  stations  would  be  a  long  and  cumbersome  process,  as  it  would  require  coordination  to  be  carried  out  on  a  site-  by-  site  basis.
 Under  the  current  regulations,  if  such  coordination  were  not  carried  out:
   Receiving  FSS  earth  stations  would  not  be  protected  from  harmful  interference  from
 terrestrial  stations  or  earth  stations  operating  in  the  opposite  direction  of  transmissions;    Transmitting  FSS  earth  stations  would  have  to  take  steps  to  eliminate  harmful
 interference  caused  to  existing  and  future  terrestrial  stations,  or  earth  stations  operating  in  the  opposite  direction  of  transmission;
   FSS  receive/  transmit  earth  stations  would  not  be  required  to  coordinate  if  their
 coordination  area  does  not  overlap  with  the  territory  of  another  country.
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 38
 Fixed  Service  Stations
 A  large  group  of  fixed  stations  can  similarly  be  authorized  as  a  group  under  a  single  license  in  bands  shared  with  space  services.  These  stations  may  be  low  density  or  high  density  systems,  or  a
 hybrid  of  low  density  and  high  density  configurations.  Such  fixed  systems  may  be  implemented  under  a  geographic  area  authorization  within  which  the  operator  is  permitted  to  manage  interference
 margins  and  deploy  links  with  minimal  coordination  requirements.  In  addition,  operators  may  be  authorized  to  add,  remove  or  relocate  facilities  within  the  geographic  area  without  prior
 authorization.  Maintaining  this  minimal  requirement  for  coordination  is  critical  to  allow  the  operator  the  necessary  flexibility  to  meet  the  ever  changing  user  needs  characteristic  of  these  high
 density  networks  which  are  premises  located.  These  types  of  fixed  service  networks  have  characteristics  similar  to  temporary  fixed  and  mobile  uses.  Recommendation  ITU-  R  F.  1498  states
 that  in  service  areas  where  there  is  dense  deployment  of  fixed  service  stations,  coordination  with  and  by  fixed  satellite  service  earth  stations  should  be  carried  out  on  an  area  basis  rather  than  a
 station  to  station  basis.  Such  system  deployments  can  undergo  substantial  deployment  changes,  even  in  short  periods  of  time  due  to  additional  network  link  deployments,  their  shut  down,  or
 movement  during  day-  to-  day  operations.  Accordingly,  these  systems  are  substantially  similar  to  area-  wide  mobile  service  systems  when  subjected  to  coordination  requirements,  especially  if  those
 coordination  requirements  include  coordinating  with  other  services  whose  systems  require  multi-year  deployment  planning.
 Under  the  current  Radio  Regulations,  each  and  every  fixed  station  would  require  individual  site  coordination  with  Earth  stations  in  bands  where  the  FSS  is  co-  primary  with  the  FS.  Such  a  situation
 would  be  triggered  under  RR  9.18  which  states  that  coordination  is  required  for  any  transmitting  station  of  a  service,  in  the  bands  referred  to  in  No.  9.17,  within  the  coordination  area  of  an  Earth
 station.  RR  11.17  states  Frequency  assignments  relating  to  a  number  of  stations  or  earth  stations  may  be  notified  in  the  form  of  characteristics  of  a  typical  station  or  typical  earth  station  and  the
 intended  geographical  area  of  operation.  Except  for  mobile  earth  stations,  individual  notices  of  frequency  assignments  are  however  necessary  in  the  following  cases:.  One  of  the  cases  listed  is
 RR  11.20,  terrestrial  stations  within  the  coordination  area  of  an  Earth  station.
 This  case  would  require  typical  fixed  stations  which  may  have  been  in  operation  for  many  years  to  now  be  notified  with  specific  site  characteristics  and  for  the  operator  to  project  what  changes  and
 additions  may  occur,  either  within  three  months  under  RR  9.52,  if  the  administration  does  not  agree  to  the  request  for  coordination  or  three  years  under  RR  9.52B,  if  there  is  an  agreement  on
 coordination.
 This  is  a  difficult  and  onerous  requirement  that  should  be  addressed  through  modifications  in  the  Radio  Regulations  for  the  particular  bands  where  there  is  the  deployment  of  a  high  density  of  Fixed
 Service  stations.
 Approaches  to  Regulation  of  Groups  of  FS/  FSS  Stations
 Below  are  descriptions  of  concepts  on  how  to  facilitate  the  coordination  of  FSS  earth  stations  and  FS  stations  that  have  similar  technical  characteristics,  and  are  authorized  in  large  groups  under  a
 single  license.
 There  are  several  approaches  that  could  be  used,  some  of  which  were  identified  in  WP  4-  9S  CPM  text  for  agenda  1.30.  These  are  described  below:
38
 39
 A.  No  change  to  the  Radio  Regulations
 This  method  would  keep  the  current  relation  of  sharing  between  FSS  and  terrestrial  services,  allowing  to  take  due  account  of  the  actual  and  expected  (within  the  next  3  years)  terrestrial
 deployment  and  of  the  geographical  situation.  However,  applying  the  procedure  for  specific  earth  stations  to  a  large  group  of  FSS  earth  stations  would  be  a  long  process.
 It  was  noted  that  this  long  process  could  be  alleviated  at  the  coordination  stage,  by  the  use  of  any  new  or  existing  methodology  in  bilateral  discussions  between  the  administrations  concerned.  This
 methodology  could  be  made  available  through  an  ITU-  R  Recommendation.  This  methodology  would  rely  on  the  availability  of  a  database  where  terrestrial  stations  and  earth  stations  would  be
 recorded.  This  database,  to  serve  its  purpose,  would  need  to  contain  accurate  updated  information.  Moreover,  its  availability  for  neighboring  countries  would  need  to  be  ensured.
 The  usefulness  of  this  approach  is  highly  dependent  on  availability  of  the  referenced  new  methods  and  an  accurate  database.
 B.  Changes  affecting  the  coordination  and  notification  of  Typical  Stations
 Typical  Earth  Stations
 This  approach  would  entail  modification  of  the  Radio  Regulations  to  provide  for  typical  FSS  earth  stations  in  specific  frequency  bands  through  regulations  which  provide  for  the  coordination  and
 notification  of  such  stations  as  a  consequence  of  agreements  between  administrations  concerned.  On  this  basis,  the  coordination  area  around  these  types  of  earth  stations  would  be  incorporated  into
 Appendix  7.
 This  would  address  the  need  to  provide  protection  to  FSS  earth  stations  deployed  in  large  groups,  and  avoid  the  situation  where  such  stations  would  have  to  be  coordinated  and/  or  notified  as  specific
 earth  stations  or  operate  on  a  "non-  interference"  or  "non-  protected"  basis.
 Typical  Fixed  Stations
 A  similar  modification  of  the  Radio  Regulations  could  be  made  to  provide  for  typical  fixed  stations  to  be  notified  within  a  specific  geographic  area  and  within  certain  frequency  bands  without  the
 further  requirement  for  specific  site  notification  and  coordination  when  there  is  a  future  request  for  coordination  with  an  FSS  Earth  station,  where  the  frequency  bands  of  the  Earth  Station  and  the
 terrestrial  station  overlap  and  the  coordination  area  of  the  Earth  station  covers  the  territory  of  another  administration.
 Such  regulations  would  address  the  need  to  avoid  the  situation  where  such  stations  would  have  to  be  coordinated  and/  or  notified  as  specific  stations  or  operate  on  a  "non-  interference"  or  "non-protected"
 basis.
39
 40
 Proposals
 USA/  1.30/  TES-  1
 MOD  9.17  l)  for  any  specific  earth  station  or  typical  mobile  earth  station  in  frequency  bands  above  100  MHz  allocated  with  equal  rights  to  space  and  terrestrial  services,  in  respect  of  terrestrial
 stations,  where  the  coordination  area  of  the  earth  station  includes  the  territory  of  another  country,  with  the  exception  of  the  coordination  under  No.  9.15.  In  the  following  specific  frequency  bands
 allocated  to  the  fixed  and  fixed-  satellite  services:  17.7-  18.8  GHz  (space-  to-  Earth),  27.5-  28.6  GHz  (Earth-  to-  space),  and  37.5-  42.5  GHz  (space-  to-  Earth),  typical  earth  stations  in  the  fixed-  satellite
 service  may  also  be  coordinated  under  this  provision  with  stations  of  the  fixed  service  based  on  agreements  between  the  concerned  administrations,  and  the  agreements  notified  to  the
 Radiocommunication  Bureau.
 USA/  1.30/  TES-  2
 MOD  9.17A  m)  for  any  specific  earth  station,  in  respect  of  other  earth  stations  operating  in  the  opposite  direction  of  transmission,  in  frequency  bands  allocated  with  equal  rights  to  space
 radiocommunication  services  in  both  directions  of  transmission  and  where  the  coordination  area  of  the  earth  station  includes  the  territory  of  another  country  or  the  earth  station  is  located  within  the
 coordination  area  of  another  earth  station,  with  the  exception  of  the  coordination  under  No.  9.19.  In  the  bi-  directional  FSS  frequency  bands  17.7-  18.4  GHz  and  19.3-  19.7  GHz  typical  earth  stations
 may  also  be  coordinated  under  this  provision  based  on  agreements  between  concerned  administrations  and  the  agreements  notified  to  the  Radiocommunication  Bureau.
 USA/  1.30/  TES-  3
 MOD  9.18  n)  for  any  transmitting  station  of  a  terrestrial  service  in  the  bands  referred  to  in  No.  9.17  within  the  coordination  area  of  an  earth  station,  in  respect  of  this  earth  station,  with  the
 exception  of  the  coordination  under  Nos.  9.16  and  9.19.  In  the  following  specific  frequency  bands  allocated  to  the  fixed  and  fixed-  satellite  services:  27.5-  28.35  (Earth-  to-  space),  and  37.  5-  42.5  GHz
 (space-  to-  Earth),  typical  stations  in  the  fixed  service  may  also  be  coordinated  under  this  provision  with  earth  stations  in  the  fixed-  satellite  service  based  on  agreements  between  the  concerned
 administrations,  and  the  agreements  notified  to  the  Radiocommunication  Bureau.
 USA/  1.30/  TES-  4
 MOD  11.20.1,  11.21.1,  11.21A.  1,  11.22.1  and  11.23.1  In  such  cases,  individual  notices  of  frequency  assignments  are  required  for  frequency  bands  allocated  with  equal  rights  to  terrestrial  and
 space  services  where  coordination  is  required  under  Appendix  5,  Table  5-  1;  however,  in  the  frequency  bands  mentioned  in  Nos.  9.17  and  9.18,notifications  for  typical  earth  stations  in  the
 fixed-  satellite  service  and  typical  stations  in  the  fixed  service  may  include  indication  of  coordination  agreements  under  Nos.  9.17  and  9.18  based  on  agreements  between  concerned
 administrations.
40
 41
 USA/  1.30  TES-  5
 MOD  11.22.2  In  such  cases,  individual  notices  of  frequency  assignments  are  required  for  frequency  bands  allocated  with  equal  rights  to  space  services,  in  the  opposite  direction  of  transmission,  where
 coordination  is  required  under  Appendix  5,  Table  5-  1;  however,  in  the  frequency  bands  mentioned  in  No.  9.17A,  notifications  for  typical  earth  stations  in  the  fixed-  satellite  service  may  include
 indication  of  coordination  agreements  under  No.  9.17A  based  on  agreements  between  concerned  administrations.
 USA/  1.30/  TES-  6
 ADD  Section  1.4.8  in  Appendix  7
 1.4.8  Typical  FSS  Earth  Stations
 For  a  group  of  FSS  earth  stations  under  a  single  authorization,  the  coordination  area  is  determined  by  extending  the  periphery  of  the  specified  service  area  within  which  such  earth  stations  are
 operating  by  the  coordination  distance  of  100  Km  (pre-  determined).
 Reason:  The  modifications  to  the  RR  proposed  in  USA/  1.30/  TES1-  6  will  provide  a  basis  for  typical  earth  station  and  fixed  stations  to  be  coordinated  and  notified  in  identified  allocations  where
 the  space  and  fixed  services  have  equal  status,  and  will  not  upset  the  balance  between  the  services.
 There  will  be  enormous  benefit  to  such  stations  when  they  are  part  of  a  large  group  of  such  stations  authorized  under  a  single  license  as  they  will  be  relieved  of  the  regulatory  burden  of  having  to
 coordinate  and  notify  each  station  in  such  a  group  on  the  basis  of  individual  sites.
41
 42
 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  146(  05.09.02)
 WRC-  03  Agenda  Item  1.30f:  to  consider  possible  changes  to  the  procedures  for  the  advance  publication,  coordination  and  notification  of  satellite  networks  in  response  to  Resolution  86  (Minneapolis,
 1998);
 Background:
 Recently  the  RRB  clarified  the  application  of  Resolution  539,  Use  of  the  band  2630    2655  MHz  in  certain  Region  3  countries  by  non-  geostationary  satellite  systems  in  the  broadcasting-  satellite  service
 (sound).  The  band  addressed  in  Resolution  539  has  been  allocated  to  various  services  for  some  time  and  the  regulatory  provisions  that  apply  between  the  satellite  and  terrestrial  systems  in  this  band  have  been
 long  established.
 WRC-  2000  adopted  (i)  regulations  that  allow  coordination  between  NGSO  BSS(  S)  systems  and  GSO  systems  in  the  2630    2655  MHz  band;  (ii)  a  footnote  that  identifies  that  band,  among  others,  for  possible
 use  by  IMT-  2000  systems;  and  (iii)  Resolution  539  which  includes  certain  technical  limitations  on  the  NGSO  BSS(  S)  systems  that  can  be  deployed  and  power  flux  density  thresholds  for  the  Bureau  to  identify
 administrations  whose  terrestrial  service  may  be  affected  by  the  proposed  NGSO  BSS(  S)  network.
 There  has  been  some  debate  on  the  interpretation  of  Resolution  539  however  the  applicable  procedures  have  been  clarified  in  a  ROP,  which  decided  that  the  coordination  requests  of  such  systems  will  be  subject
 to  the  application  of  Resolution  539  within  the  existing  procedure  of  No.  9.11  of  the  Radio  Regulations.  In  order  to  clarify  this  in  the  Radio  Regulation  the  following  modifications  to  the  Radio  Regulations  are
 proposed.
 The  importance  of  the  proposal  below  lies  in  enforcing  the  concept  that    seeking  agreement  means  have  coordination,  and  that  this  in  turn  becomes  an    implicit    rather  than  an    explicit    requirement.
 USA/  xx/  1  MOD
 5.418  Additional  allocation:  in  Bangladesh,  Belarus,  Korea  (Rep.  of),  India,  Japan,  Pakistan,  Singapore,  Sri  Lanka  and  Thailand,  the  band  2  535-  2  655  MHz  is  also  allocated  to  the
 broadcasting-  satellite  service  (sound)  and  complementary  terrestrial  broadcasting  service  on  a  primary  basis.  Such  use  is  limited  to  digital  audio  broadcasting  and  is  subject  to  the  provisions  of
 Resolution  528  (WARC-  92).  The  provisions  of  No.  5.416  and  Table  21-  4  of  Article  21,  do  not  apply  to  this  additional  allocation.  Use  of  nNon-  geostationary-  satellite  systems  in  the  broadcasting-satellite
 service  (sound)  shall  be  operated  such  that  the  minimum  elevation  angle  over  the  service  area  is  not  less  than  40  is  subject  to  Resolution  539  (WRC-  2000).
42
 43
 USA/  xx/  2  MOD
 5.418A  In  certain  Region  3  countries  listed  in  No.  5.418,  use  of  the  band  2  630-  2  655  MHz  by  non-  geostationary-  satellite  systems  in  the  broadcasting-  satellite  service  (sound)  for  which  complete
 Appendix  4  coordination  information,  or  notification  information,  has  been  received  after  2  June  2000,  is  subject  to  the  application  of  the  provisions  of  No.  9.12A,  in  respect  of  geostationary-satellite
 networks  for  which  complete  Appendix  4  coordination  information,  or  notification  information,  is  considered  to  have  been  received  after  2  June  2000,  and  No.  22.2  does  not  apply.
 No.  22.2  shall  continue  to  apply  with  respect  to  geostationary-  satellite  networks  for  which  complete  Appendix  4  coordination  information,  or  notification  information,  is  considered  to  have  been
 received  before  3  June  2000.  Use  of  the  band  by  nNon-  geostationary-  satellite  systems  in  the  broadcasting-  satellite  service  (sound)  shall  be  operated  such  that  the  minimum  elevation  angle  over
 the  service  area  is  not  less  than  40  is  subject  to  the  provisions  of  Resolution  539  (WRC-  2000),  and  such  systems  shall  be  in  accordance  with  Resolution  528  (WARC-  92).
 USA/  xx/  3  MOD
 5.418B  Use  of  the  band  2  630-  2  655  MHz  by  non-  geostationary-  satellite  systems  for  which  complete  Appendix  4  coordination  information,  or  notification  information,  has  been  received  after
 2  June  2000,  is  subject  to  the  application  of  the  provisions  of  No.  9.12.  Non-  geostationary-  satellite  systems  in  the  broadcasting-  satellite  service  (sound)  shall  be  operated  such  that  the  minimum
 elevation  angle  over  the  service  area  is  not  less  than  40.  Resolution  539  (WRC-  2000)  applies.
 Reason:  To  include  technical  limitations  of  the  non-  GSO  BSS(  S)  from  Resolution  539  in  the  footnotes  to  the  Table  of  Allocations  and  relevant  portions  of  Resolution  539  in  Appendix  5.
 USA/  xx/  4  MOD
 5.418C  Use  of  the  band  2  630-  2  655  MHz  by  geostationary-  satellite  networks  for  which  complete  Appendix  4  coordination  information,  or  notification  information,  has  been  received  after
 2  June  2000  is  subject  to  the  application  of  the  provisions  of  No.  9.13  with  respect  to  non-  geostationary-  satellite  systems  in  the  broadcasting-  satellite  service  (sound),  and  No.  22.2  does
 not  apply.  Resolution  539  (WRC-  2000)  applies.
 Reason:  Consequential  to  the  suppression  of  Resolution  539.
 USA/  xx/  5  SUP  Resolution  539  (WRC-  2000)
 Use  of  the  band  2  630-  2  655  MHz  in  certain  Region  3  countries  by  non-  geostationary  satellite  systems  in  the
 broadcasting-  satellite  service  (sound)
 Reason:  Relevant  portions  of  Resolution  539  have  been  include  in  the  Radio  Regulations.
43
 44
 USA/
 xx/
 6
 MOD
 TABLE
 5-  1
 (continued)
 Reference  of  Article  S9
 Case
 Frequency
 bands
 (and
 Region)
 of
 the
 service
 for
 which
 coordination  is  sought
 Threshold/  condition
 Calculation  method
 Remarks
 No.
 S9.  11
 GSO,  non-  GSO/  terrestrial
 A
 space
 station
 in
 the
 broadcasting-  satellite
 service
 (BSS)
 in
 any
 band
 shared
 on
 an
 equal
 primary
 basis
 with
 terrestrial
 services
 and
 where
 the
 BSS
 is
 not
 subject
 to
 a
 Plan,
 in
 respect
 of
 terrestrial
 services
 620-
 790
 MHz
 1
 452-  1
 492
 MHz
 2
 310-  2
 360
 MHz
 2
 520-  2
 655
 MHz
 2
 655-  2
 670
 MHz
 12.  5-
 12.75
 GHz
 (Region
 3)
 17.  3-
 17.8
 GHz
 (Region
 2)
 21.
 4-  22
 GHz
 (Region
 1
 and
 3)
 74-  76
 GHz
 i)
 Bandwidths
 overlap,
 and;
 Resolution
 539
 (WRC-
 2000)
 also
 applies
 ii)
 in
 the
 band
 2630-  2655
 MHz,
 the
 pfd
 from
 a
 non-
 GSO
 space
 station
 calculated
 under
 free-
 space
 propagation
 condition
 exceeds
 at
 any
 point
 of
 the
 territory
 of
 an
 Administration
 in
 Regions
 1,
 2
 or
 3
 the
 following
 :
 [
 
 128
 dB(  W/
 m  2
 /MHz)
 for
 0
 
 
 
 5
 
 
 128
 +
 0.  75(
 
 5)
 dB(  W/
 m  2
 /MHz)
 for
 5
 
 
 
 25  
 
 113
 dB(  W/
 m  2
 /MHz)
 for
 25  
 
 
 90
 
 where
 is
 the
 angle
 of
 arrival
 above
 the
 horizontal
 plane.
 ]
 i)
 Check
 by
 using
 the
 assigned  frequencies  and  bandwidths
44
 45
 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  147(  05.09.02)
 Advisory  committee  revision  of  NTIA  proposal  (Doc.  WAC/  137(  05.09.02))
 WRC-  03  Agenda  Item  7.2:  to  recommend  to  the  Council  items  for  inclusion  in  the  agenda  for  the  next  WRC,  and  to  give  its  views  on  the  preliminary  agenda  for  the  subsequent  conference  and
 on  possible  agenda  items  for  future  conferences,  taking  into  account  Resolution  801  (WRC-  2000),
 Resolution  801  (WRC-  2000),  Agenda  Item  2.12:  to  consider  spectrum  requirements  for  wideband  aeronautical  telemetry  in  the  band  between  3  GHz  and  30  GHz;
 Background  Information:  The  World  Radiocommunication  Conference  2000  included  item  2.12  in  the  preliminary  agenda  for  the  World  Radiocommunication  Conference  05/  06.  The  2000
 Radiocommunication  Assembly  approved  Question  ITU-  R  231/  8,  titled:  Operation  of  wideband  aeronautical  telemetry  in  bands  above  3  GHz.  The  2000  Radiocommunication  Assembly
 directed  that  Question  ITU-  R  231/  8  studies  be  completed  by  2005.  ITU-  R  Circular  letter  CA/  109  requested  administrations  and  Sector  Members  to  supply  data  on  existing  and  planned
 wideband  aeronautical  telemetry  systems  operating  at  frequencies  above  3  GHz.  In  this  circular  letter  Wideband  Aeronautical  Telemetry  is  defined  as  :  Emerging  Telemetry  Systems  With  Large
 Data  Transfer  Requirements  to  Support  New  and  Different  Telemetry  Capabilities  (such  as  high  resolution  video  and  associated  data  for  remotely-  piloted  aeronautical  vehicles).  It  is  further
 defined  as  telemetry  emerging  telemetry  systems  with  large  data  transfer  requirements  generally  requiring  a  bandwidth  of  20  MHz  or  greater.
 The  wideband  requirements  addressed  under  this  WRC-  06  proposal  are  in  addition  to  those  presently  operating  in  the  existing  aeronautical  telemetry  allocations  below  3  GHz  (in  the  1  429-
 1  525  and  2  300-  2  390  MHz  bands.)  The  requirement  for  these  allocations  will  continue.  Rather,  the  allocation  addressed  in  this  proposal  is  for  new  wideband  requirements.
 The  responses  to  ITU-  R  Circular  letter  CA/  109  indicated  that  there  are  requirements  for  additional  telemetry  spectrum,  up  to  300  MHz  contiguous,  for  wideband  aeronautical  telemetry.
 There  has  been  a  trend  toward  cooperation  and  multi-  platform  testing  that  is  leading  to  a  need  for  identification  of  additional  harmonized  band(  s)  for  aeronautical  telemetry.  As  airframe  speed,
 missions  applications,  and  technology  increase  there  is  an  expanding  need  for  new  and  more  numerous  telemetry  points  for  real-  time  testing  of  aircraft  to  ensure  each  platform  is  rigorously
 tested  and  evaluated  to  ensure  safety  on  these  high  technology  platforms  evaluation  to  ensure  the  safety  and  integrity  of  each  aircraft.  Numerous  Administrations  have  a  need  for  advanced
 telemetry  testing  of  multiple  involving  platforms  in  complex  environments;  this  testing  is  often  carried  out  on  a  cooperative  basis  with  other  Administrations.  By  designating  a  harmonized
 wideband  aeronautical  telemetry  band  between  3  and  30  GHz,  the  need  for  this  type  of  testing  can  be  met.  application  can  be  met.  It  is  anticipated  that  a  draft  resolution  on  this  matter  will  be
 prepared  for  WRC-  03.
45
 46
 Proposal:
 USA/  /1  MOD
 RESOLUTION  801  (WRC-  2003)
 Agenda  for  the  2006  World  Radiocommunication  Conference
 The  World  Radiocommunication  Conference  (Geneva,  2003),
 Reasons:  Editorial
 resolves  to  give  the  view
 USA/  /  2  NOCMOD
 2.12  To  consider  spectrum  requirements  and  allocations  for  wideband  aeronautical  telemetry  in  the  band  between  3  and  30  GHz.
 Reasons:  To  provide  an  agenda  item  to  study  spectrum  requirements  and  allocations  for  wideband  aeronautical  telemetry.
46
 47
 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  148(  05.09.02)
 Agenda  Item  7.2:  To  recommend  to  the  Council  items  for  inclusion  in  the  agenda  for  the  next  WRC,  and  to  give  its  views  on  the  preliminary  agenda  for  the  subsequent  conference  and  on
 possible  agenda  items  for  future  conferences,  taking  into  account  Resolution  801  (WRC-  2000).
 Summary:
 Item  2.15  reads:
 2.15  to  review,  with  a  view  to  identifying  necessary  spectrum  for  global  harmonization,  spectrum  and  regulatory  issues  related  to  terrestrial  wireless  interactive  multimedia  applications  in
 accordance  with  Resolution  737  (WRC-  2000);
 Agenda  item  2.15  should  be  suppressed.  During  the  period  between  WRC-  2000  and  WRC-  03,  Joint  Task  Group  1-  6-  8-  9  conducted  a  thorough  review  of  the  issues  relating  to  terrestrial  wireless
 interactive  multimedia  applications.  It  found  no  regulatory  impediments  to  terrestrial  wireless  interactive  multimedia  applications,  and  did  not  recognize  a  need  for  identifying  spectrum  for
 global  harmonization.  No  further  action  is  necessary  or  appropriate.
 Proposal:
 USA/  7.2/  ZZZ
 MOD  RESOLUTION  801  (WRC-  2000)
 Preliminary  aAgenda  for  the  2005/  2006  World  Radiocommunication  Conference
 SUP  2.15  to  review,  with  a  view  to  identifying  necessary  spectrum  for  global  harmonization,
 spectrum  and  regulatory  issues  related  to  terrestrial  wireless  interactive  multimedia  applications  in  accordance  with  Resolution  737  (WRC-  2000);
 Reason:  Review  of  the  issues  associated  with  terrestrial  wireless  interactive  multimedia  applications  has  been  completed.  That  review  indicates  that  no  regulatory  impediments  exist  to
 terrestrial  wireless  interactive  multimedia  applications,  and  no  spectrum  needs  to  be  identified.
47
 48
 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  149(  05.09.02)
 WRC-  03  Agenda  Item  7.2:  to  recommend  to  the  Council  items  for  inclusion  in  the  agenda  for  the  next  WRC,  and  to  give  its  views  on  the  preliminary  agenda  for  the  subsequent  conference  and  on
 possible  agenda  items  for  future  conferences,  taking  into  account  Resolution  801  (WRC-  2000),
 Summary:
 Item  3.1  reads:
 3.1  to  consider  results  of  ITU-  R  studies  on  the  feasibility  of  sharing  in  the  band  2700-  2900  MHz  between  the  aeronautical  radionavigation  service,  meteorological  radars  and  the  mobile
 service,  and  to  take  appropriate  action  on  this  subject;
 The  agenda  item  should  be  suppressed.  Studies  conducted  in  response  to  agenda  item  3.1  indicate  that  sharing  is  not  possible  and  therefore  no  further  action  is  necessary  or  appropriate.
 Proposal:
 USA/  7.2/  XXX
 MOD  RESOLUTION  801  (WRC-  2000)
 Preliminary  aAgenda  for  the  2005/  2006  World  Radiocommunication  Conference
 SUP  3.1
 Reason:  ITU-  R  Working  Party  8B  has  considered  several  studies  on  the  feasibility  of  sharing  between  IMT-  2000  and  radar  systems  operated  in  the  band  2  700-  2  900  MHz.  Those  studies
 indicate  that  sharing  the  band  2  700-  2  900  MHz  between  the  mobile  service  (IMT-  2000)  and  aeronautical  radionavigation  service  and  meteorological  radars  is  not  feasible.
48
 49
 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  151(  05.09.02)
 WRC-  03  Agenda  Item  7.2:  to  recommend  to  the  Council  items  for  inclusion  in  the  agenda  for  the  next  WRC,  and  to  give  its  views  on  the  preliminary  agenda  for  the  subsequent  conference  and  on
 possible  agenda  items  for  future  conferences,  taking  into  account  Resolution  801  (WRC-  2000),
 Background  Information:  The  Table  of  Frequency  Allocations  currently  extends  to  275  GHz.  Footnote  5.565,  which  was  modified  by  WRC-  2000  to  identify  bands  for  passive  service,  states:
 5.565  The  frequency  band  275-  1  000  GHz  may  be  used  by  administrations  for  experimentation  with,  and  development  of,  various  active  and  passive  services.  In  this  band  a
 need  has  been  identified  for  the  following  spectral  line  measurements  for  passive  services:
 -  radio  astronomy  service:  275-  323  GHz,  327-  371  GHz,  388-  424  GHz,  426-  442  GHz,  453-  510  GHz,  623-  711  GHz,  795-  909  GHz  and  926-  945  GHz;
 -  Earth  exploration-  satellite  service  (passive)  and  space  research  service  (passive):  275-  277  GHz,  294-  306  GHz,  316-  334  GHz,  342-  349  GHz,  363-  365  GHz,  371-  389  GHz,
 416-  434  GHz,  442-  444  GHz,  496-  506  GHz,  546-  568  GHz,  624-  629  GHz,  634-  654  GHz,  659-  661  GHz,  684-  692  GHz,  730-  732  GHz,  851-  853  GHz  and  951-  956  GHz.
 Future  research  in  this  largely  unexplored  spectral  region  may  yield  additional  spectral  lines  and  continuum  bands  of  interest  to  the  passive  services.  Administrations  are  urged  to  take  all
 practicable  steps  to  protect  these  passive  services  from  harmful  interference  until  the  date  when  the  allocation  Table  is  established  in  the  above-  mentioned  frequency  band.
 The  science  services  have  made  extensive  use  of  the  spectrum  above  275  GHz  for  several  decades  now,  mostly  through  passive  applications.  A  number  of  radio  astronomy  observatories  operate  in
 this  area  of  the  spectrum.  Several  major  new  instruments  are  planned,  or  are  under  construction  and  expect  to  begin  operating  in  this  range  in  the  next  few  years.  Foremost  among  these  is  ALMA,  an
 international  collaboration  between  the  United  States  and  a  consortium  of  European  countries,  to  build  and  operate  a  millimeter  wavelength  telescope  that  will  be  comprised  of  64  antennas  located
 in  the  Chajnantor  region  of  the  Chilean  Andes.
 Likewise,  there  are  already  spaceborne  passive  sensors  utilizing  frequency  bands  in  the  above  275  GHz  region  of  the  spectrum,  and  many  more  are  planned  for  other  bands.  Among  these  is  the
 Microwave  Limb  Sounder  (MLS)  planned  for  launch  on  the  Aura  satellite  in  July  2003.  The  MLS,  which  is  an  enhanced  version  of  the  payload  currently  operating  on  the  Upper  Atmospheric
 Research  Satellite  (UARS),  will  provide  data  vital  to  the  understanding  of  ozone  depletion,  transformation  of  greenhouse  gases,  and  radiative  forcing  of  climate  change.
 In  addition  to  science-  related  passive  service  applications,  research  and  experiments  in  use  of  the  275  to  1  000  GHz  band  for  various  active  service  applications  has  also  been  underway  for  some
 time.  Although  the  propagation  characteristics  of  the  band  within  the  earths  atmosphere  (i.  e.,  absorption  and  scattering)  limit  the  usable  range  of  most  active  systems  compared  to  their  use  in
 lower  frequency  bands,  there  are  also  some  benefits.  These  include  an  increase  in  range  and  angular  resolution  for  radiolocation  applications,  resulting  in  the  ability  to  discriminate  targets
49
 50
 that  are  much  closer  together  than  could  be  achieved  in  lower  bands.  For  terrestrial  communications,  the  severe  propagation  path  loss  conditions  in  this  band  facilitate  frequency  reuse
 and  increases  privacy  for  those  that  need  it.  Also,  the  bandwidth  available  in  these  higher  frequency  regions  provides  the  opportunity  for  extremely  high  data  rate  communications  and  high
 processing  gains  for  spread  spectrum  systems.  Active  applications  in  space  are  not  impacted  by  the  atmosphere  and  therefore  receive  the  full  benefit  associated  with  the  use  of  these  higher  bands.
 Additionally,  the  Plenipotentiary  Conference  will  be  considering  Inter  American  Proposals  (IAPs)  to  remove  the  3  000  GHz  limit  from  the  note  to  the  definition  of  "radiocommunication"  in  the  ITU
 and  an  accompanying  Resolution  inviting  future  World  Radiocommunication  Conferences  to  revise  the  terms  and  definitions  in  the  Radio  Regulations,  with  a  view  towards  harmonization.
 Proposal:
 USA/  /  1  MOD
 RESOLUTION  801  (WRC-  20003)
 Preliminary  Aagenda  for  the  2005/  2006  World  Radiocommunication  Conference
 The  World  Radiocommunication  Conference  (Istanbul,  2000),  (Geneva,  2003),
 Reasons:  Editorial
 resolves  to  give  the  view
 USA/  /  2  MOD
 2.3  to  review  studies  and  consider  allocations  in  consider  issues  related  to  the  frequency  bands  above  275  GHz;:
 Reasons:  To  review  the  issues  related  to  the  current  and  future  use  of  this  portion  of  the  frequency  spectrum.
 USA/  /  3  ADD
 2.3.1  to  review  studies  and  consider  allocations  in  the  frequency  bands  between  275  GHz  and  1  000  GHz  taking  account  of  the  needs  of  the  passive  science  services,  the  amateur  service  and
 other  services;
 Reasons:  Passive  science  sensors  and  radio  astronomy  are  already  utilizing  frequency  bands  in  the  275  -  1000  GHz  region  and  in  the  past,  the  amateur  service  has  often  proven  to  be  compatible  with
 these  services.  These  bands  might  also  be  used  by  active  services  which  require  high  frequency  reuse  and  high  data  rates  for  short  range  applications  or  applications  above  the  atmosphere.
50
 51
 USA/  /  4  ADD
 2.3.2  to  review  studies  with  a  view  to  identifying  future  requirements  for  applications  in  the  frequency  bands  above  1  000  GHz;
 Reasons:  Both  active  and  passive  services  have  demonstrated  operations  above  1000  GHz,  and  even  above  the  3  000  GHz  limit  contained  in  1.5  of  the  Radio  Regulations.  The  proposed  change  to
 the  ITU  Convention  (Marrakech,  2002)  also  necessitates  a  review  of  studies  addressing  spectrum  above  3  000  GHz  in  order  to  align  definitions  in  the  Radio  Regulations  and  by  doing  so  establish  a
 mechanism  through  which  future  spectrum  issues  of  an  international  character  can  be  addressed.
51
 52
 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  131(  22.07.02)
 WRC-  03  Agenda  Item  7.2:  to  recommend  to  the  Council  items  for  inclusion  in  the  agenda  for  the  next  WRC,  and  to  give  its  views  on  the  preliminary  agenda  for  the  subsequent  conference  and  on
 possible  agenda  items  for  future  conferences,  taking  into  account  Resolution  801  (WRC-  2000),
 HAPS  at  2  GHz
 Background:  The  identification  of  certain  frequency  bands  for  HAPS  operating  as  base  stations  to  provide  terrestrial  IMT-  2000  was  made  at  WRC-  2000,  resulting  in  provisions  to  facilitate  this  being
 added  to  the  Radio  Regulations  (5.388A).  Resolution  221  from  WRC-  2000  includes  provisional  co-  channel  and  out-  of-  band  power-  flux  density  limits  for  HAPS  operation,  for  the  protection  of
 other  stations  either  sharing  the  same  band  or  operating  in  adjacent  bands.
 Resolution  221  asked  for  additional  technical,  operational  and  regulatory  studies  to  be  conducted,  in  order  to  review  and,  if  necessary,  revise,  these  limits.  Resolution  221  also  asked  for  consideration
 of  appropriate  regulatory  and  technical  provisions  to  allow  bilateral  co-  ordination  of  HAPS  in  an  IMT-  2000  system  with  affected  neighboring  administrations.
 Based  on  the  results  of  ITU-  R  studies,  WRC-  2003  is  expected  to  adopt  technical  and  operational  provisions,  including  revised  PFD  thresholds  for  the  operation  of  high  altitude  platform  stations
 (HAPS)  within  IMT-  2000  in  the  bands  referred  to  in  No.  5.388A.  The  technical  factors  that  should  be  considered  during  such  a  consultation  are  the  subject  of  a  PDNR  at  Working  Party  8F
 (WP8F/  TEMP/  277).  Provisional  regulatory  provisions  for  HAPS  are  also  expected  to  be  adopted.
 Proposal  for  WRC-  2006  Agenda
 USA/  7.2/  1  ADD
 Agenda  Item  X.  X
 to  review  the  provisional  regulatory  provisions,  notification  and  the  consultation  process  in  relation  to  the  operation  of  high  altitude  platform  stations  (HAPS)  within  IMT-  2000  in  the  bands
 referred  to  in  No.  5.388A,  in  response  to  Resolution  221  ([  WRC-  2003])  with  a  view  toward  incorporating  the  provisions  into  the  Radio  Regulations.
 Reason:  Provisional  regulatory  provisions  for  HAPS  within  IMT-  2000  are  likely  to  be  adopted  by  WRC-  2003.  These  procedures  are  likely  to  be  contained  in  a  modification  to  Resolution  221  and
 will  define  a  notification  and  consultation  process.  Neighboring  administrations  will  be  consulted  if  the  power-  flux  density  (pfd)  thresholds  are  exceeded  on  their  territory.
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 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  150(  05.09.02)
 WRC-  03  Agenda  Item  4:  in  accordance  with  Resolution  95  (Rev.  WRC-  2000),  to  review  the  resolutions  and  recommendations  of  previous  conferences  with  a  view  to  their  possible  revision,
 replacement  or  abrogation;
 Background:
 Recommendation  719  was  agreed  at  WARC-  92.  It  concerned  multi-  service  satellite  networks  using  the  geostationay-  satellite  orbit  and  it  recognized  that,  at  that  time,  some  administrations  had
 expressed  an  interest  in  developing  multiservice  satellite  networks  in  certain  portions  of  the  Ka-band.  Related  studies  on  the  technical  characteristics  and  sharing  criteria  necessary  for  compatible
 operations  between  mutiservice  satellite  networks  and  the  fixed-  satellite  service  were  carried  out  by  WP-  4A  in  1994  and  the  results  of  these  studies  indicated  the  difficulty  associated  with  sharing
 between  the  multiple  services  of  the  FSS  and  the  MSS  in  the  same  frequency  allocation,  e.  g.,  19.7-  20.2  GHz/  29.5-  30.0  GHz.
 Little  work  has  been  done  within  the  ITU-  R  on  this  subject  since  that  time.  As  a  consequence  of  the  initial  ITU-  R  studies,  there  appears  to  be  little  ongoing  interest  on  the  part  of  administrations  in
 continuing  to  pursue  multiservice  satellite  networks.  Considering  all  of  this,  it  is  appropriate  to  suppress  Recommendation  719.
 Proposal
 SUP  Recommendation  719  (WARC-  92)  Multi-  service  satellite  networks  using  the  geostationary-satellite
 orbit.
 Reason
 No  longer  needed.
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 V.  Draft  Proposals  Approved  by  the  National  Telecommunications  and  Information  Administration  (NTIA)
 DRAFT  PROPOSALS  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  138(  05.09.02)
 WRC-  03  Agenda  Item  1.9:  to  consider  Appendix  13  and  Resolution  331  (Rev.  WRC-  97)  with  a  view  to  their  deletion  and,  if  appropriate,  to  consider  related  changes  to  Chapter  VII  and  other  provisions  of
 the  Radio  Regulations,  as  necessary,  taking  into  account  the  continued  transition  to  and  introduction  of  the  Global  Maritime  Distress  and  Safety  System  (GMDSS);
 Background  Information:  In  accordance  with  the  International  Convention  for  the  Safety  of  Life  at  Sea  (SOLAS),  1974,  as  amended,  all  ships  subject  to  this  convention  were  fitted  for  the  Global
 Maritime  Distress  and  Safety  System  (GMDSS)  by  1  February  1999.  During  the  transition  period  to  full  implementation  of  the  GMDSS,  the  RR  had  dual  provisions;  Appendix  13  includes  the  non-GMDSS
 provisions.  Although  many  administrations  have  worked  to  increase  fitting  of  GMDSS  elements  (e.  g.,  radios  incorporating  DSC  functions  and  satellite  EPIRBs)  on  non-  SOLAS  vessels,  this
 fitting  on  a  world-  wide  basis  is  not  expected  to  be  completed  in  the  foreseeable  future.  Therefore,  the  provisions  in  Appendix  13  continue  to  be  required  to  provide  necessary  guidance  (e.  g.,  consideration
 of  frequencies  and  modes  of  operation  for  their  distress  and  safety  communications)  for  non-  SOLAS  vessels.  In  addition  to  the  guidance  for  non-  GMDSS  vessels,  this  Appendix  includes  certification
 requirements  for  personnel  operating  radio  equipment  on  these  non-  GMDSS  vessels.  Because  the  majority  of  these  vessels  do  not  have  radio  carriage  requirements  (other  than  those  of  national
 authorities)  coupled  with  the  abandonment  in  many  part  of  the  world  of  radiotelegraphy;  certification  requirements  (including  the  ability  to  send  and  receive  Morse  code)  is  no  longer  necessary.
 Proposal:
 USA/  /1  NOC
 APPENDIX  13  Reasons:  Deletion  of  Appendix  13  is  premature  at  this  time  as  a  large  number  on  non-  SOLAS  vessels
 have  not  yet  been  fitted  for  GMDSS.  Revisions  to  this  appendix  would  be  a  very  time  consuming  effort  without  adequate  benefit.
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 DRAFT  PROPOSALS  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  138(  05.09.02)
 WRC-  03  Agenda  Item  1.10.1:  to  consider  the  results  of  studies,  and  take  necessary  actions,  relating  to  exhaustion  of  the  maritime  mobile  service  identity  numbering  resource  (Resolution  344  (WRC-  97));
 Background  Information:  This  agenda  item  addresses  the  potential  of  an  impending  exhaustion  of  the  Maritime  Mobile  Service  Identities  (MMSI)  numbering  resource.  Resolution  344  instructs  the
 Radiocommunication  Bureau  to  monitor  the  status  of  the  MMSI  resource  and  report  the  status  to  each  WRC.
 Maritime  mobile  service  identities  (MMSIs)  are  required  for  many  shipborne  communications  equipment  (e.  g.  DSC,  mobile  earth  stations).  The  MMSI  is  a  9-  digit  number  to  uniquely  identify  ship
 stations,  group  ship  stations,  coast  stations,  and  group  coast  stations.  Three  of  the  nine  MMSI  digits  are  the  Maritime  Identification  Digits  (MIDs)  that  represent  territory  or  geographical  area  of
 administrations  and  are  assigned  by  the  ITU.  The  total  possible  number  of  MMSIs  is  reduced  by  ITU  Recommendations,  which  advise  administrations  to  assign  MMSIs  with  three  trailing  zeros  to  ships
 sailing  worldwide  and  communicating  with  foreign  coast  stations.  Additionally,  ITU-  T  Recommendation  E.  215  has  a  requirement  to  assign  MMSIs  ending  in  3-  zeros  to  vessels  requiring
 access  to  certain  satellite  services.  Therefore,  for  each  MID  assigned,  there  are  only  999  numbers  available  for  use  by  ships  with  the  present  generation  of  maritime  mobile-  satellite  networks  operated
 by  Inmarsat  Ltd.  (Standard  B,  C  and  M).  Additional  MIDs  are  now  assigned  by  the  ITU  to  administrations  when  they  have  used  80%  of  the  MMSIs  with  three  trailing  zeros  as  documented  via
 the  notification  requirements  of  Article  19.  As  the  number  of  vessels  carrying  such  systems  increased,  so  has  the  demand  for  MMSIs  with  three  trailing  zeros.
 Proposal:
 ARTICLE  19
 Identification  of  stations
 Section  II    Allocation  of  international  series  and  assignment  of  call  signs
 USA/  /1  ADD
 19.31A  4)  Means  shall  be  provided  for  identifying  uniquely  mobile  stations  operating  in  automated  terrestrial  or  satellite  communication  systems  for  the  purposes  of  answering  distress  calls,
 avoiding  interference  and  for  billing.  Identification  of  the  mobile  station  by  accessing  a  registration  database  is  satisfactory,  provided  that  the  system  can  associate  the  mobile  station  radio  calling  number
 with  the  particular  mobile  station  user.
 Reasons:  To  provide  guidance  that  identification  of  mobile  stations  can  be  provided  by  use  of  a  registration  database,  thereby  allowing  use  of  all  9-  digits  of  the  MMSI.
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 USA/  /2  MOD
 19.35    16  The  Secretary-  General  shall  be  responsible  for  allocating  additional  maritime  identification  digits  (MIDs)  to  administrations  within  the  limits  specified  2  ,  provided  that  he  is  satisfied
 that  the  possibilities  offered  by  the  MIDs  allocated  to  an  administration  will  soon  be  exhausted  despite  judicious  ship  station  identity  assignment  as  outlined  in  Section  VI,  which  should  be  in  conformity
 with  the  relevant  ITU-  R  and  ITU-  T  Recommendations.
 Reasons:  The  suppression  of  footnote  2  is  consequential  to  MOD  19.36  shown  below.
 USA  /  /3  MOD
 19.36  17  A  single  Each  administration  has  been  allocated  one  or  more  maritime  identification  digits  (MID)  has  been  allocated  initially  to  each  administration  for  its  use.  A  second  or  subsequent  MID
 should  not  be  requested  2  unless  the  first  previously  allocated  MID  allocated  is  more  than  80%  exhausted  in  the  basic  category  of  three  trailing  zeros  and  the  rate  of  assignments  is  such  that  90%
 exhaustion  is  foreseen.  The  same  criteria  should  be  applied  to  subsequent  requests  for  MIDs.
 Reasons:  Clarify  the  text  describing  requirements  for  requesting  of  additional  MIDs.  This  is  further  explained  in  footnote  2  (19.36.1).
 Section  VI    Maritime  mobile  service  identities  in  the  maritime  mobile  service  and  the  maritime  mobile-  satellite  service
 USA/  /4  MOD
 19.101  2)  These  identities  are  formed  in  such  a  way  that  the  identity  or  part  thereof  can  be  used  by  telephone  and  telex  subscribers  connected  to  the  publicgeneral  telecommunications  network
 principally  to  call  ships  automatically  in  the  shore-  to-  ship  direction.  Access  to  public  networks  may  also  be  achieved  by  means  of  free  form  numbering  plans,  so  long  as  the  ship  can  be  uniquely  identified
 using  the  systems  registration  database  (see  No.  19.31A)  to  obtain  the  ship  station  identity,  call  sign  or  ship  name  and  nationality.
 Reasons:  Allows  use  of  free  form  numbering  plans  thereby  alleviating  the  requirement  for  use  of  three  trailing  zeros.
 2  19.  35.1  In  no  circumstances  may  an  administration  claim  more  MIDs  than  the  total  number  of  its  ship  stations  shown  in
 the  ITU  List  of  Ship  Stations  (List  V)  divided  by  1000.
 2  19.  In  no  circumstances  may  an  administration  claim  more  MIDs  than  the  total  number  of  its  ship  stations
 notified  to  the  ITU  divided  by  1  000,  plus  one.  Administrations  shall  make  every  attempt  to  reuse  the  MMSIs  assigned  from  earlier  MID  resources,  which  become  redundant  after  ships  leave  their  national  ship  registry.  Such  numbers  should  be
 considered  for  re-  assignment  after  being  absent  from  at  least  two  successive  editions  of  LIST  VIIA  of  the  ITU  service  documents.  Administrations  seeking  additional  MID  resources  must  meet  the  criteria  of  having  notified  all  previous
 assignments,  in  accordance  with  No.  20.  16.  This  criteria  applies  only  to  MMSIs  in  the  basic  category  and  to  all  MIDs  assigned  to  the  administration.
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 19.108  B    Maritime  identification  digits  (MIDs)
 USA/  /5  ADD
 19.108A    42  The  maritime  identification  digits  M1I2D3  are  an  integral  part  of  the  maritime  mobile  service  identity  and  denotes  the  geographical  area  whose  administration  is  responsible  for  the
 station  so  identified  (see  Nos.  19.102  to  19.106).
 Reasons:  Provides  additional  definition  for  MIDs  denoting  linkage  to  geographical  area.
 USA/  /6  SUP
 19.109    42  These  provisions  do  not  require  an  administration  to  assign  numerical  identities  until  it  determines  that  such  identities  are  necessary.  They  do  not  concern  the  assignment  of  ship
 station  identities  without  trailing  zeros,  since  it  is  assumed  that  there  is  enough  capacity  inherent  in  the  system  to  provide  for  the  assignment  of  such  identities  to  all  ship  stations  which  an  administration  may
 wish  to  identify  in  this  manner.
 Reasons:  This  change  is  consequential  to  MOD  19.31A  above.
 19.110  C    Ship  station  identities
 USA/  /7  MOD
 19.112  a)  follow  the  guidelines  contained  in  the  relevant  most  recent  version  of  Recommendation  ITU-  R  and  ITU-  T  Recommendations  forM.  585  concerning  the  assignment  and  use  of  ship  station
 identities.
 Reasons:  Gives  ITU-  R  responsibility  for  management  of  MMSI  and  MID  resources.
 USA/  /  8  MOD
 19.114  c)  take  particular  care  in  assigning  ship  station  identities  with  six  significant  digits  (three-trailing-  zero  identities),  which  should  be  assigned  only  to  ship  stations  which  can  reasonably  be
 expected  to  require  such  an  identity  for  automatic  access  on  a  world-  wide  basis  for  public  switched  networks;,  in  particular  for  mobile  satellite  systems  accepted  for  use  in  GMDSS  on  or  before  1
 February  2002,  as  long  as  those  systems  maintain  the  MMSI  as  part  of  their  numbering  scheme.
 Reasons:  Clarification  that  MMSI  with  three  trailing  zeros  is  applicable  primarily  for  earlier  mobile  satellite  systems.
 USA/  /  9  SUP
 19.115  d)  assign  one-  trailing-  zero  or  two-  trailing-  zero  identities  to  vessels  when  they  require  automatic  access  only  on  a  national  or  regional  level,  as  defined  in  the  relevant  ITU-  T
 Recommendations;
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 Reasons:  Originally,  it  was  thought  that  a  significant  number  of  vessels  which  sailed  domestically  or  on  a  regional  basis  and  also  required  automatic  access  to  Public  Switched  networks  via  DSC  would  be
 able  to  use  a  regional  or  domestic  designator  (8  or  9  respectively)  as  the  first  digit  of  the  MMSI  resulting  in  only  two  trailing  zeros  being  available.  There  are  no  current  or  planned  DSC  coast  stations
 planning  to  provide  the  automatic  access,  therefore,  reserving  MMSIs  with  one  or  two  trailing  zeros  for  this  purpose  is  no  longer  necessary,  confusing  and  undesirable.
 USA/  /  10  SUP
 19.116  e)  assign  ship  station  identities  without  trailing  zeros  to  all  other  vessels  requiring  a  numerical  identification.
 Reasons:  Since  there  are  no  longer  needs  for  numbers  ending  with  one  or  two  zeros  to  be  reserved  for  automatic  access  to  PSTN  via  DSC,  there  are  only  two  types  of  formats,  those  with  three  trailing  zeros
 used  mainly  for  INMARSAT  and  all  others  therefore  there  is  no  need  for  the  above  provision.
 USA  /  /  11  MOD
 RESOLUTION  344  (REV.  WRC-  9703)
 ExhaustionManagement  of  the  maritime  mobile  service  identity  numbering  resource
 The  World  Radiocommunication  Conference  (Geneva,  1997  Geneva,  2003),
 noting
 a)  that  ships  not  required  to  carry  Global  Maritime  Distress  and  Safety  System  (GMDSS)  equipment  may  do  so,  for  safety  purposes;
 ba)  that  the  installation  of  digital  selective  calling  equipment  on  such  ships  for  VHF  radio,  and/  or  Inmarsat  B,  C  or  M  ship  earth  station  equipment  on  ships  participating  in  the  Global  Maritime  Distress
 and  Safety  System  (GMDSS)  on  a  mandatory  or  voluntary  basis  requires  the  assignment  of  a  unique  nine-  digit  maritime  mobile  service  identity  (MMSI);
 b)  that  such  equipment  offers  the  possibility  to  connect  with  public  telecommunications  networks;
 c)  that  only  mobile-  satellite  systems  have  been  able  to  resolve  the  various  billing,  routing,  charging  and  signalling  requirements  needed  to  provide  full  two-  way  automatic  connectivity  between
 ships  and  the  international  public  correspondence  service;
 d)  that  ships  using  the  present  generation  of  mobile-  satellite  ship  earth  stations  have  to  be  assigned  an  MMSI  ending  with  three  trailing  zeroes  in  order  to  support  automatic  access  to  public
 telecommunication  networks  through  a  diallable  ship  telephone  number  whose  format  is  compliant  with  ITU-  T  Recommendation  E.  164,  but  can  only  accommodate  the  first  six  digits  of  the  MMSI;
 e)  that  the  first  three  digits  of  a  ship  station  MMSI  form  the  maritime  identification  digits  (MID),  which  denote  the  ship's  administration  or  geographical  area  of  origin;
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 f)  that  each  MID  only  has  sufficient  capacity  to  identify  999  ships  using  the  three  trailing  zero  number  format,  with  the  result  that  the  widespread  use  of  MMSIs  with  three  trailing  zeroes  rapidly
 exhausts  the  capacity  of  each  MID,
 c)  that  not  all  administrations  assign  these  identities  to  users  of  digital  selective  calling-  equipped  VHF  radios  on  such  ships,  from  the  numbers  intended  for  use  by  vessels  sailing  and  communicating
 only  with  domestic  coast  stations,
 considering
 a)  that  VHF  digital  selective  calling  distress  alerts  require  valid  identities  for  userecognizable  by  search  and  rescue  authorities  in  order  to  ensure  a  timely  response;
 b)  that  Recommendation  ITU-  R  M.  585  contains  guidance  for  the  assignment  of  MMSIs,  including  to  non-  compulsory  ships  which  communicate  only  with  domestic  radio  stations;  and
 c)  that  Recommendation  ITU-  R  M.  585  was  derived  from  ITU-  T  Recommendation  E.  210,
 recognizing
 a)  that  even  domestic  ships  which  install  the  present  generation  of  ship  earth  stations  operating  to  Inmarsat  B,  C  or  M  standards  will  require  the  assignment  of  MMSI  numbers  from  those  numbers
 originally  intended  reserved  for  ships  communicating  worldwide,  further  depleting  the  resource;
 b)  that  future  growth  of  Inmarsat  B,  C  andor  M  mobileship  earth  station  use  by  non-  compulsory  ships  is  not,  however,  expected  tomay  further  deplete  the  MMSI  and  MID  resources;
 c)  that  growth  projections  of  Inmarsat  systems  by  non-  compulsory  ships  could  nevertheless  changefuture  generations  of  mobile-  satellite  systems  offering  access  to  public  telecommunication
 networks  and  participating  in  the  Global  Maritime  Distress  and  Safety  System  will  employ  a  free-  form  numbering  system  that  need  not  include  any  part  of  the  MMSI,
 noting  further
 a)  that  ITU-  T  has  recommended  that  ITU-  R  assumes  sole  responsibility  for  managing  the  MMSI  and  MID  numbering  resources;
 b)  that  ITU-  R  can  monitor  the  status  of  the  MMSI  resource,  through  regular  reviews  of  the  spare  capacity  available  within  the  MIDs  already  in  use,  and  by  monitoring  the  availableility  of  spare
 maritime  identification  digits  (first  three  digits  of  the  MMSI),  taking  account  of  regional  variations,
 instructs  the  Director  of  the  Radiocommunication  Bureau
 1  to  manage  the  allotment  and  distribution  of  the  MID  resource  within  the  MMSI  numbering  format,  taking  into  account:
   Sections  II,  V  and  VI  of  Article  19;
   regional  variations  in  MMSI  use;
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   spare  capacity  within  the  MID  resource;  and
   the  guidelines  on  MID  and  MMSI  management  contained  in  the  most  recent  version  of  Recommendation  ITU-  R  M.  585,  in  particular  as  regards  the  re-  use  of  MMSIs;
 2  to  monitor  the  status  of  the  MMSI  resource,  and  to  report  to  each  world  radiocommunication  conference  on  the  use  and  status  of  the  MMSI  resource,  noting  in  particular  the  anticipated  reserve
 capacity  and  expectedany  indications  of  rapid  exhaustion  of  the  resource,
 resolves  to  invite  ITU-  T  and  ITU-  R
 1  to  keep  under  review  the  Recommendations  for  assigning  MMSIs,  with  a  view  to:
   improving  the  management  of  the  MID  and  MMSI  resources;  and
   identifying  alternative  resources  beforeif  there  is  an  indication  of  rapid  exhaust  of  these  resources  are  exhausted;,
 2  to  consult  each  other  when  addressing  changes  to  any  of  the  Recommendations  affecting  the  MMSI  numbering  resources;
 3  to  complete  studies  on  an  urgent  basis  when  a  future  world  radiocommunication  conference  identifies  the  impending  exhaustion  of  the  MMSI  resource,
 instructs  the  Secretary-  General
 to  communicate  this  Resolution  to  the  International  Maritime  Organization.
 Reasons:  Changes  needed  to  Resolution  344  (WRC-  97)  in  order  to  implement  the  new  resource  management  responsibilities.
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 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  136(  05.09.02)
 Agenda  Item  1.16:  To  consider  allocations  on  a  worldwide  basis  for  feeder  links  in  bands  around  1.4  GHz  to  the  non-  GSO  MSS  with  service  links  operating  below  1  GHz,  taking  into  account  the
 results  of  ITU-  R  studies  conducted  in  response  to  Resolution  127  (Rev.  WRC-  2000),  provided  that  due  recognition  is  given  to  the  passive  services,  taking  into  account  No.  5.340;
 Background  Information:  Service  allocations  to  the  little  LEO  MSS  were  first  made  at  WARC-  92.  Since  1995,  additional  allocations  were  sought  by  the  little  LEOs  for  feeder  links  without  success.
 Resolution  127  (WRC-  97)  identified  the  bands  1  390-  1  400  MHz  and  1  427-  1  432  MHz  for  studies  to  be  carried  out  to  accommodate  up  and  downlinks,  respectively,  provided  sharing  with  services  using
 these  bands  was  feasible  and  that  the  passive  services  operating  in  the  1  400-  1  427  MHz  band  can  be  fully  protected.  Subsequent  to  WRC-  97,  little  LEO  requirements  have  been  restricted  to  the  1  390-
 1  393  MHz  and  1  429-  1  432  MHz  bands,  for  up  and  downlinks,  respectively,  and  this  narrower  scope  is  reflected  in  Resolution  127  (Rev.  WRC-  2000).  More  recently,  the  need  for  new  allocations  seems
 to  have  disappeared  altogether.  Draft  CPM-  02  text,  prepared  by  WP  8D  states:  "  However,  during  WRC-  03  preparation,  no  evidence  of  spectrum  congestion  of  MSS  service  links  below  1  GHz  has  been
 shown  in  ITU-  R.  Furthermore,  the  experience  of  MSS  below  1  GHz  has  demonstrated  that  the  growth  of  the  traffic  could  be  accommodated  in  the  existing  frequency  bands  without  requirement  for  an
 additional  allocation.  In  addition,  it  has  to  be  noted  that  several  frequency  bands  are  already  allocated  in  upper  frequency  bands  (for  example  5  091-  5  250  MHz)  for  non-  GSO  MSS  feeder  links  and  could
 provide  an  alternative  solution  for  feeder  links  of  MSS  systems  with  service  links  below  1  GHz."
 The  1  400-  1  427  MHz  band  is  allocated  on  a  primary,  exclusive  basis  to  the  passive  services,  worldwide.  It  is  arguably  the  most  important,  and  certainly  the  most  frequently  and  extensively
 observed  radio  astronomy  band  below  70  GHz.  Observations  in  the  band  are  conducted  at  a  large  number  of  sites  in  the  U.  S.  and  worldwide,  to  study  the  distribution,  kinematics  and  dynamics  of
 neutral  hydrogen  (the  most  commonly  occurring  element  in  the  Universe)  in  our  own  as  well  as  in  other  galaxies.  Ocean  and  soil  salinity  and  other  measurements  are  conducted  in  the  band  under  the
 EESS  allocation.  Full  retention  and  unconstrained  access  to  the  1  400-  1  427  MHz  band  is  considered  crucial  by  both  the  radio  astronomy  and  EESS  communities.  For  this  reason,  it  is  essential  to  conclude
 the  studies  mandated  in  Resolution  127,  before  an  allocation  can  be  made.
 Some  theoretical  work  was  done  in  SG  7  during  the  previous  ITU-  R  cycle  towards  showing  that  by  using  certain  modulations  the  planned  little  LEO  feeder  links  could  meet  the  unwanted  emission  level
 required  in  the  band  1  400-  1  427  MHz,  for  no  impact  on  the  operation  of  the  passive  services  in  this  band.  Resolution  127  (WRC-  2000)  invited  the  ITU-  R,  as  a  matter  of  urgency  to  carry  out  additional
 studies,  tests  and  demonstrations,  including  the  measurement  of  emissions  from  equipment  that  would  be  employed  in  operational  systems  to  protect  passive  services  in  the  band  1  400-  1427  MHz  from
 unwanted  emissions  from  feeder  links  near  1.4  GHz  for  non-  GSO  systems  with  service  links  operating  below  1  GHz.  However,  no  such  work  has  been  initiated  in  any  of  the  ITU-  R  study  groups  during  the
 present  cycle.  There  has  been  a  complete  lack  of  new  studies  undertaken  or  even  known  to  be  in  progress,  particularly  towards  invites  3  of  Resolution  127:  "to  carry  out  additional  studies  including  the
 measurement  of  emissions  from  equipment  that  would  be  employed  in  operational  systems  to  protect  passive  services  in  the  band  1  400-  1  427  MHz  from  unwanted  emissions  from  feeder  links  on  a
 worldwide  basis..."
61
 62
 Resolution  127  recommends  that  WRC-  03  consider  additional  allocations  for  feeder  links  on  the  basis  of  completed  studies  referred  to  in  its  invites  1,  2  and  3.  Since  no  such  studies  were  conducted,
 consideration  of  any  allocation  is  premature  and  it  is  proposed  that  Resolution  127  be  suppressed.
 Proposal:
 Article  5
 Frequency  Allocations
 USA/  /1  NOC
 1  350-  1  525  MHz
 Allocation  to  services
 Region  1  Region  2  Region  3
 1  350-  1  400
 FIXED
 MOBILE
 RADIOLOCATION
 1  350-  1  400
 RADIOLOCATION
 5.  149  5.338  5.339  5.  149  5.334  5.339
 1  400-  1  427  EARTH  EXPLORATION-  SATELLITE  (passive)
 RADIO  ASTRONOMY
 SPACE  RESEARCH  (passive)
 5.340  5.  341
 1  427-  1  429  SPACE  OPERATION  (Earth-  to-  space)
 FIXED
 MOBILE  except  aeronautical  mobile
 5.341
 1  429-  1  452
 FIXED
 MOBILE  except  aeronautical  mobile
 1  429-  1  452
 FIXED
 MOBILE  5.343
 5.341  5.  342  5.341
 1  452-  1  492
 FIXED
 MOBILE  except  aeronautical  mobile
 BROADCASTING  5.  345  5.347
 BROADCASTING-  SATELLITE  5.345  5.  347
 1  452-  1  492
 FIXED
 MOBILE  5.343
 BROADCASTING  5.345  5.347
 BROADCASTING-  SATELLITE  5.345  5.347
 5.341  5.  342  5.341  5.  344
62
 63
 1  492-  1  525
 FIXED
 MOBILE  except  aeronautical  mobile
 1  492-  1  525
 FIXED
 MOBILE  5.343
 MOBILE-  SATELLITE  (space-  to-  Earth)  5.348A
 1  492-  1  525
 FIXED
 MOBILE
 5.341  5.  342  5.341  5.  344  5.  348  5.341  5.  348A
 Reasons:  None  of  the  studies  called  for  in  ITU-  R  Resolution  127  have  been  carried  out.
 USA/  /2  SUP
 Resolution  127
 Reasons:  Since  no  such  studies  were  conducted,  consideration  of  any  allocation  is  premature  and  it  is  proposed  that  Resolution  127  be  suppressed.
63
 64
 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  135(  05.09.02)
 NTIA  Revision  of  Doc.  WAC/  113(  04.  06.02)
 WRC  Agenda  Item  1.32(  Resolution  84):  to  consider  technical  and  regulatory  provisions  concerning  the  band  37.5-  43.5  GHz,  in  accordance  with  Resolutions  128  (Rev.  WRC-  2000)  and  84  (WRC-  2000);
 Background  Information:  Various  segments  of  the  37.5  -  43.5  GHz  band  are  allocated  to  the  FS,  FSS,  BSS  and  MSS  on  a  co-  primary  basis.  Segments  of  this  band  are  being  used  or  planned  for  high-density
 applications  in  the  FS  (  HDFS),  and  other  segments  of  the  band  are  planned  for  deployment  of  high-  density  applications  in  the  FSS  (  HDFSS).  Co-  frequency  sharing  is  not  feasible  between
 HDFS  and  HDFSS  systems,  but  sharing  situations  where  only  one  of  the  services  operates  with  ubiquitously  deployed  small  terminals  may  be  practicable.
 Significant  actions  were  taken  at  WRC-  2000  with  respect  to  the  37.5  -  43.5  GHz  band.  Among  other  things,  WRC-  2000  adopted  provisional  power  flux-  density  (pfd)  limits  for  geostationary  and  non-geostationary
 satellites  in  the  fixed-  satellite  service  (FSS),  in  the  broadcasting-  satellite  service  (BSS),  and  in  the  mobile-  satellite  service  (MSS)  in  this  frequency  range.  WRC-  2000  also  called  for  study  of
 the  criteria  and  techniques  to  address  interference  from  transmitters  of  FS  into  earth  station  receivers  in  high-  density  applications  in  the  FSS  in  the  bands  39.5  -  40.0  GHz  and  40.5    42.0  GHz  intended  to
 operate  in  the  same  geographic  area.
 The  ITU-  R  has  now  completed  its  study  of  the  provisional  pfd  limits  adopted  for  satellites  of  the  FSS,  BSS,  and  MSS  in  the  37.5-  42.5  GHz  range,  and  has  concluded  that  in  the  37.5  -  42.0  GHz  range  the
 provisional  pfd  limits  can  be  confirmed  at  their  current  values.  In  so  doing,  the  ITU-  R  noted  the  position  of  some  Region  2  administrations  that,  to  protect  certain  sensitive  FS  links  in  the  37.5-  40  GHz
 band,  it  would  be  necessary  for  a  GSO  FSS  satellite  providing  service  on  their  territory  to  reduce  the  pfd  levels  that  are  produced  during  clear-  sky  operation  by  12  dB  from  the  respective  levels  in  Table
 21-  4  of  Article  21.  The  ITU-  R  also  acknowledged  that  these  pfds  may  constrain  the  FSS  to  the  use  of  only  large  coordinated  earth  stations  in  this  band.  Nevertheless,  for  both  GSO  and  non-  GSO  FSS
 satellites,  the  ITU-  R  concluded  that  it  was  appropriate  to  maintain  the  pfd  values  in  Table  21-  4  of  Article  21,  with  the  exception  of  the  42.0  -  42.5  GHz  band.  The  ITU-  R  concluded  that,  based  on
 current  technology,  it  may  not  be  possible  for  NGSO  FSS  systems  operating  in  the  42.0  -  42.5  GHz  band  to  limit  their  unwanted  emissions  to  the  detrimental  interference  level  needed  to  protect  single
 dish  radio  astronomy  observations  in  the  in  the  42.5  -  43.5  GHz  band  [-  137  dB  (W/  m  2  /1GHz)  for  continuum  observation  and  -153  dB(  W/  m  2  /500  kHz)  for  spectral  line  observations].  It  is  proposed  to
 remove  the  FSS  and  BSS  allocations  in  the  42.0  -  42.5  GHz  band,  as  shown  in  Table  21-  4.  It  is  expected  that  a  combination  of  the  500  MHz  guard  band  (42.0  -  42.5  GHz)  and  some  restrictions  on
 the  number  of  FSS  antenna  beams  incident  on  the  Earths  surface  in  the  41.5  -  42.0  GHz  band  will  be  sufficient  to  protect  the  radio  astronomy  service  in  the  42.5  -  43.5  GHz  band,  as  called  for  in
 Resolution  128.  The  confirmation  of  the  provisional  pfd  limits  would  provide  satisfactory  closure  to  a  complex  and  difficult  set  of  issues  that  has  been  intensively  studied  within  the  ITU-  R  for  more  than
 five  years.
64
 65
 The  ITU-  R,  however,  did  not  complete  its  study  of  the  criteria  and  techniques  for  addressing  interference  from  transmitters  of  the  fixed  service  into  earth  station  receivers  in  high-  density
 applications  in  the  bands  39.5-  42  GHz  and  intended  for  operation  in  the  same  geographic  area.  This  aspect  of  Resolution  84  (WRC-  2000)  formed  an  essential  part  of  the  overall  arrangement  between  the
 FSS  and  the  FS  in  the  37.5-  42.5  GHz  range.  Although  study  of  the  pfd-  related  elements  of  sharing  in  the  37.5-  42.5  GHz  range  has  been  completed  and  regulations  on  the  subject  are  able  to  be  finalized  at
 WRC-  03,  the  ITU-  R  should  continue  the  studies  called  for  in  Invites  6  of  Resolution  84  regarding  means  of  addressing  interference  from  transmitters  of  the  FS  into  earth  station  receivers  in  high-  density
 applications  in  the  40-  42  GHz  portion  of  the  39.5-  42  GHz  band.
 Proposals  3  of  the  United  States  to  implement  the  conclusions  reached  by  the  ITU-  R  in  its  studies  under  Resolution  84,  as  well  to  reflect  the  ITU-  Rs  identification  of  the  area  where  further  study  still  is
 needed,  are  provided  below:
 3  The  RCS  revised  the  FCC  WAC  version  of  this  proposal,  the  following  is  a  summary  of  the  changes:
 In  background  information,  paragraph  3,  10  th  sentence,  text  was  added  after  the  words  Article  21  In  USA  1  Table  21-  4  The  two  rows  that  contain  data  for  42-  42.5  and  42-  42.5  GHz  were  suppressed
 In  USA  5  the  band  42-  42.5  GHz  was  modified  to  read  40.5-  42  GHz  In  USA  7  the  following  changes  were  made
 The  site  for  the  conference  was  changes  to  Geneva  Under  considering
 a)  The  band  40.  5-  42.5  was  modified  to  read  40.5-  42  GHz  d)  The  band  40-  41.2  was  modified  to  read  40-  41.5  GHz
 Under  resolves  to  invite  the  ITU-  R  1.  The  band  37.5-  42.  5  GHz  was  modified  to  read  37.5-  42.0  GHz
 In  the  Reasons  for  USA/  /7,  the  reference  to  band  37.  5-  42.5  was  modified  to  read  37.5-  42  GHz.  In  USA/  /8  the  strike  through  lines  were  removed  from  the  text.  The  strike  through  lines  are  not
 required  when  a  complete  document  is  being  suppressed.  In  the  Reasons,  the  band  37.5-  42.5  was  modified  to  read  37.5-  42  GHz.
65
 66
 Proposals
 USA/  /1  MOD  TABLE  21-  4  (CONTINUED)
 Limit  in  dB(  W/  m  2  )  for  angle  of  arrival  (	)  above  the  horizontal  plane
 Frequency  band  Service*  0-  5  5-  25  25-  90  Reference  bandwidth
 37.  5-  40  GHz  Fixed-  satellite
 (non-  geostationary-satellite  orbit)
 Mobile-  satellite  (non-  geostationary-satellite
 orbit)
 120  10,  16,  17  120  +  0.  75(  	    5)  10,  16,  17  105  10,  16,  17  1  MHz
 5-  20  20-  25  37.  5-  40  GHz  Fixed-  satellite
 (geostationary-satellite  orbit)
 Mobile-  satellite  (geostationary-satellite
 orbit)
 127  16,  17
 127  +  (4/  3)  (	    5)
 16,  17
 107  +  0.  4  (	    20)
 16,  17
 105  16,  17  1  MHz
 40-  40.5  GHz  Fixed-  satellite  115  115  +  0.  5(  	    5)  105  1  MHz
 40.  5-  42  GHz  Fixed-  satellite
 (non-  geostationary-satellite  orbit)
 Broadcasting-  satellite  (non-  geostationary-satellite
 orbit)
 115  10,  16,  17,  18  115  +  0.  5(  	    5)  10,  16,  17,  18  105  10,  16,  17  18  1  MHz
 5-  15  15-  25  40.  5-  42  GHz  Fixed-  satellite
 (geostationary-  satellite  orbit)
 Broadcasting-  satellite
 (geostationary-  satellite  orbit)
 120  16,  17,  18
 120  +  (	    5)  16,  17,  18  110  +  0.5  (	    15)  16,
 17,  18
 105  16,  17,  18  1  MHz
 42-  42.5  GHz  Fixed-  satellite
 (non-  satellite  orbit)
 Broadcasting-  satellite  (non-  geostationary-satellite
 orbit)
 120  10,  geostationary-16,  17,  18  120  +  0.  75(  	    5)  10,  16,  17,  18  105  10,  16,  17,  18  1  MHz
 5-  20  20-  25  42-  42.5  GHz  Fixed-  satellite
 (geostationary-  satellite  orbit)
 Broadcasting-  satellite
 (geostationary-  satellite  orbit)
 127  16,  17,  18
 127  +  (4/  3)  (	    5)  16,  17,
 18
 107  +  0.  4  (	    20)  16,  17,
 18
 105  16,  17,  18  1  MHz
66
 67
 Reasons:  On  the  basis  of  its  studies  under  Resolution  84  (WRC-  2000),  the  ITU-  R  has  confirmed  the  pfd  values  for  FSS,  MSS,  and  BSS  satellites  in  the  37.5-  42.05  GHz  range.  As  a  result,  it  is  appropriate
 to  remove  the  provisional  status  that  was  placed  on  these  limits  by  WRC-  2000.  It  is  proposed  to  remove  the  FSS  and  BSS  allocations  in  the  42.  0-  42.5  GHz  band.  A  combination  of  the  500  MHz
 guard  band  (42.0  -  42.5  GHz)  and  some  restrictions  on  the  number  of  FSS  antenna  beams  incident  on  the  Earths  surface  in  the  41.5  -  42.0  GHz  band  is  expected  to  be  sufficient  to  protect  the  radio
 astronomy  service  in  the  42.5  -  43.5  GHz  band,  called  for  in  Resolution  128.
 USA/  /2  SUP
 16  21.  16.11  Except  to  the  extent  provided  in  No.  21.  16.  12,  these  values  are  provisional  and  shall  be  applied  subject  to
 Resolution  84  (WRC-  2000).  (WRC-  2000)
 Reasons:  Consequential  to  proposal  USA/  /1.
 USA/  /3  SUP
 17  21.  16.12  In  the  bands  37.  5-  40  and  40.  5-  42.  5  GHz,  notwithstanding  any  further  studies,  the  power  flux-  density  limits  in
 this  table  shall  be  applied  to  stations  in  the  fixed-  satellite  service  for  which  complete  coordination  (geostationary-  satellite  orbit)  or  notification  information  (non-  geostationary-  satellite  orbit),  as  appropriate,  has  been  received  by  the  Bureau  after
 2  June  2000  and  before  the  end  of  WRC-  03.  (WRC-  2000)
 Reasons:  Consequential  to  proposal  USA/  /1.
 USA/  /4  SUP
 18  21.  16.13  The  values  given  for  the  broadcasting-  satellite  service  are  provisional  and  need  review  by  a  future
 conference.  (WRC-  2000)
 Reasons:  Consequential  to  proposal  USA/  /1.
 USA/  /5  MOD
 5.551AA  In  the  bands  37.5-  40  GHz  and  42-  42.5  GHz,  non-  geostationary-  satellite  systems  in  the  fixed-  satellite  service  should  employ  power  control  or  other  methods  of  downlink  fade  compensation
 of  the  order  of  10  dB,  such  that  the  satellite  transmissions  are  at  power  levels  required  to  meet  the  desired  link  performance  while  reducing  the  level  of  interference  to  the  fixed  service.  The  use  of
 downlink  fade  compensation  methods  are  under  study  by  the  ITU-  R  (see  Resolution  84  (WRC-2000)).  (WRC-  2000)  In  the  bands  37.5-  40  GHz  and  40.5-  42  GHz,  the  power  flux-  density  at  the  Earths
 surface  from  any  FSS  space  station  should  be  at  the  level(  s)  required  to  meet  the  FSS  link  availability  and  performance  objectives  of  the  subject  applications,  but  no  greater  than  the  relevant  power  flux-density
 limits  in  Table  21-  4,  while  addressing  the  sharing  conditions  with  the  fixed  service.  (WRC-  03)
 Reasons:  Even  with  the  confirmation  of  the  provisional  pfd  levels  pursuant  to  ITU-  R  studies  under  Resolution  84  (WRC-  2000),  it  is  important  to  the  sharing  conditions  with  the  FS  that  the  satellite  pfds
 be  only  at  the  level  required  to  meet  link  availability  and  performance  objectives.
67
 68
 USA/  /6  MOD
 40.  5-  51.4  GHz
 Allocation  to  services
 Region  1  Region  2  Region  3
 40.  5-  41
 FIXED
 FIXED-  SATELLITE  (space-  to-  Earth)  MOD  5.551AA
 BROADCASTING
 BROADCASTING-  SATELLITE
 Mobile
 5.547
 40.  5-  41
 FIXED
 FIXED-  SATELLITE  (space-  to-  Earth)  MOD  5.551AA
 BROADCASTING
 BROADCASTING-  SATELLITE
 Mobile
 Mobile-  satellite  (space-  to-  Earth)
 5.547
 40.  5-  41
 FIXED
 FIXED-  SATELLITE  (space-  to-  Earth)  MOD  5.551AA
 BROADCASTING
 BROADCASTING-  SATELLITE
 Mobile
 5.547
 Reasons:  Consequential  to  inclusion  of  40.5-  42  GHz  band  in  No.  5.551AA,  as  proposed  to  be  modified  in  Proposal  No.  USA/  /5  above.
 USA/  /7  ADD
 RESOLUTION  BSA  (WRC-  2003)
 Means  to  address  interference  from  transmitters  of  the  fixed  service  into  earth  station  receivers  in  high-  density  applications  in  the  FSS  having  allocations  in  the
 band  40-  42  GHz  and  intended  for  operation  in  the  same  geographic  area
 The  World  Radiocommunication  Conference  (Caracas,  2003)  (Geneva,  2003),
 considering
 a)  that  this  Conference  has  established  power  flux-  density  (pfd)  limits  for  the  fixed-  satellite  service  (FSS)  (space-  to-  Earth)  in  the  bands  37.5-  40.0  GHz  and  40.5-  42.05  GHz,  and  the  mobile-  satellite
 service  (MSS)  (space-  to-  Earth)  in  the  band  39.5-  40  GHz;
 b)  that,  in  the  band  37.5-  42.5  GHz,  Recommendation  ITU-  R  SF.  1484-  1  recommends  maximum  pfd  levels  for  non-  geostationary  (non-  GSO)  FSS  satellites  and  Recommendation  ITU-  R  SF.[  4-  9S/  BL/  3]
 recommends  maximum  pfd  levels  for  geostationary  (GSO)  FSS  satellites;
 c)  that,  although  sharing  is  feasible  between  FSS  earth  stations  and  terrestrial  stations  provided  that  appropriate  coordination  procedures  and/  or  operational  techniques  are  employed,  sharing  may  in
 practice  become  difficult  when  high  geographic  densities  of  such  stations  are  deployed  in  bands  heavily  used  by  either  service;
 d)  that,  within  the  range  40-  41.52  GHz,  many  administrations  plan  to  deploy  FSS  systems  using  ubiquitous  very  small  aperture  terminals;
68
 69
 e)  that  WRC-  2000  invited  the  ITU-  R  to  undertake,  as  a  matter  of  urgency,  studies  on  the  appropriate  criteria  and  techniques  for  addressing  interference  from  transmitters  of  the  fixed  service  into  earth
 station  receivers  in  high-  density  applications  in  the  FSS  having  allocations  in  the  bands  39.5-  40  GHz  and  40.5-  42  GHz  and  intended  for  operation  in  the  same  geographic  area;
 f)  that  the  ITU-  R  has  not  yet  completed  the  studies  described  in  considering  e)  above;
 resolves  to  invite  the  ITU-  R
 1  to  undertake,  as  a  matter  of  urgency,  studies  on  the  appropriate  criteria  and  techniques  for  addressing  interference  from  transmitters  of  the  fixed  service  into  earth  station  receivers  in
 high-  density  applications  in  the  FSS  having  allocations  in  the  band  40-  41.52  GHz  and  intended  for  operation  in  the  same  geographic  area;
 2  to  report  on  the  results  of  these  studies  in  time  for  WRC-  06,
 recommends
 that  WRC-  06  take  appropriate  action  based  on  the  results  of  these  studies.
 Reasons:  Work  was  not  completed  on  invites  6  from  WRC-  2000  Resolution  84.  This  is  important  work  in  the  overall  sharing  arrangements  for  FSS  and  FS  in  the  37.5-  42.05  GHz  frequency  range,  and
 should  be  completed  within  the  interval  between  WRC-  03  and  WRC-  06.  The  band  under  consideration  for  these  studies  should  be  concentrated  on  the  40-  42  GHz  band.
 USA/  /8  SUP
 RESOLUTION  84  (WRC-  2000)
 Power  flux-  density  limits  in  the  bands  37.5-  42.5  GHz  for  the  fixed-  satellite  service,  broadcasting-  satellite  service  and  mobile-  satellite  service
 Reasons:  Consequential  to  the  confirmation  of  the  power  flux-  density  levels  within  the  37.5-  42.05  GHz  band  pursuant  to  ITU-  R  study,  and  the  capture  in  new  Resolution  BSA  of  the  holdover  point  from
 invites  6  of  Resolution  84  (WRC-  2000).
69
 70
 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  135(  05.09.02)
 NTIA  counter  proposal  to  Doc.  WAC/  114(  04.06.  02)
 Agenda  Item  1.32a  (Resolution  128):  to  consider  technical  and  regulatory  provisions  concerning  the  band  37.5-  43.5  GHz,  in  accordance  with  Resolutions  128  (Rev.  WRC-  2000)  and  84  (WRC-  2000);
 Background  Information:  The  band  42.5  -  43.5  GHz  is  allocated  to  the  Radio  Astronomy  (RA)  service  on  a  co-  primary  basis,  while  the  frequency  bands  immediately  below  42.5  GHz  are  allocated  to
 the  FSS  and  BSS  (both  space-  to-  Earth)  on  a  co-  primary  basis  with  each  other  and  with  terrestrial  services.  Prior  to  WRC  2000,  Resolution  128  prevented  administrations  from  implementing  the  fixed-satellite
 service  in  the  41.5  42.5  GHz  band  until  the  Radiocommunication  Bureau  could  identify  and  agree  to  technical  and  operational  measures  to  protect  radio  astronomy  operations  in  the  42.5  43.5
 GHz.  WRC  2000  modified  Resolution  128  and  added  a  footnote  to  the  Table  of  Frequency  Allocations  (No.  5.551G)  to  protect  radio  astronomy  stations.  The  footnote  contains  a  provisional  PFD
 limit  -  not  to  exceed  -167  dB(  W/  m  2  )  in  any  1  MHz  band  at  the  site  of  a  radio  astronomy  station  for  more  than  2%  of  the  time  -  on  emissions  produced  into  the  42.5  -  43.5  GHz  band  by  non-  GSO  FSS  or
 BSS  systems  operating  in  the  41.5  -  42.5  GHz  band.  A  similar  limit  was  imposed  on  emissions  that  GSO  FSS  or  BSS  satellites  operating  in  the  42.0  -  42.5  GHz  band  may  produce  at  the  sites  of  RA
 stations  operating  in  the  42.5  -  43.5  GHz  band.
 Pursuant  to  Resolution  128  (Rev.  WRC-  2000),  the  ITU-  R  was  to  conduct  studies  to  review  these  provisional  PFD  limits;  to  identify  technical  and  operational  measures  in  the  band  41.5    42.5  GHz,
 including  possible  mitigation  techniques  to  protect  RA  operations;  and  to  propose  measures  that  may  be  implemented  to  reduce  the  susceptibility  of  stations  in  the  RA  to  harmful  interference.  Issues  to  be
 addressed  included:
   Adequacy  of  provisional  limits  on  power  flux-  density  (PFD)  produced  into  the  sites  of  radio  astronomy  service  (RAS)  stations  operating  in  the  band  42.5  -  43.5  GHz  by  non-  GSO  satellites
 operating  in  the  space-  to-  Earth  direction  in  the  fixed-  satellite  service  (FSS)  or  broadcasting-satellite  service  (BSS)  in  the  band  41.5  -  42.5  GHz,  and  by  GSO  FSS  or  BSS  satellites  operating  in
 the  space-  to-  Earth  direction  in  the  band  42.0  -  42.5  GHz.
   Identification  of  technical  and  operational  measures  that  FSS/  BSS  satellite  networks  can  take  to  protect  RA  operations  in  the  42.5  -  43.5  GHz  band,  including  geographical  separation  and  out-  of-band
 emission  limits  to  be  applied  to  BSS  and  FSS  space  stations,  and  of  measures  that  may  be  implemented  by  RA  service  users  to  reduce  the  susceptibility  of  stations  in  the  RA  service  to
 harmful  interference.
 Results  of  studies  indicate  that  the  unwanted  emission  levels  of  the  GSO  FSS  and  BSS  systems  operating  in  the  42.0-  42.5  GHz  band  meet  the  detrimental  interference  threshold  for  VLBI  RAS
 stations  operating  in  the  42.5-  43.5  GHz  band.  As  a  rule,  VLBI  observations  are  conducted  at  most  single  dish  telescopes  for  a  fraction  of  the  time,  except  for  one  dedicated  VLBI  instrument  worldwide.
70
 71
 The  detrimental  interference  threshold  for  a  single  dish  telescope,  -137  dB  (W/  m  2  /1GHz)  for  continuum  observation  and  -153  dB(  W/  m2/  500  kHz)  for  spectral  line  observation,  may  not  be  met  by
 a  GSO  FSS  or  BSS  system  by  implementing  transmit  filters,  because  based  on  current  technology,  it  is  difficult  to  design  and  implement  such  filter.
 It  is  expected  that  a  combination  of  a  500  MHz  guard  band  (42.0  -  42.5  GHz)  between  the  space  services  and  radio  astronomy  allocations  along  with  some  restrictions  on  the  number  of  satellite
 antenna  beams  incident  on  the  Earths  surface  for  the  fixed-  satellite  service  allocation  in  the  41.5  -  42.0  GHz  band  will  be  sufficient  to  protect  the  radio  astronomy  service  in  the  42.5  -  43.5  GHz  band.
 The  proposal  described  herein  removes  the  fixed-  satellite  service  (space-  to-  Earth)  and  broadcasting-satellite  service  allocations  from  the  42  42.5  GHz  frequency  band.  The  limits  on  the  power  flux-density
 of  space  services  emissions  in  the  radio  astronomy  band,  have  been  relaxed  somewhat,  by  adopting  as  detrimental  threshold  level,  the  spectral  line  power  flux  density  in  the  500  kHz  reference
 bandwidth  used  for  spectral  line  observations  in  this  band  (see  Table  2  of  Recommendation  ITU-  R  RA.  769).  Footnote  RR  5.551G,  as  provisionally  adopted  by  WRC-  2000  combined  the  more  restrictive
 continuum  pfd  threshold  level  with  a  1  MHz  reference  bandwidth.  The  proposal  also  limits  the  fixed-satellite  service  use  of  the  41.5  42  GHz  band  to  [gateway]  links  and  subjects  geostationary  systems  to
 the  relaxed  PFD  limits  in  that  sub-  band.
 ARTICLE  5
 Frequency  allocations
 USA/  /1  MOD  41-  42.5  GHz
 Allocation  to  services
 Region  1  Region  2  Region  3
 41-  42.  5  FIXED
 FIXED-  SATELLITE  (space-  to-  Earth)  MOD  5.551AA  ADD  5.551x
 BROADCASTING
 BROADCASTING-  SATELLITE
 Mobile
 5.547  5.551F  MOD  5.551G
 412-  42.5  FIXED
 FIXED-  SATELLITE  (space-  to-  Earth)  5.551AA
 BROADCASTING
 BROADCASTING-  SATELLITE
 Mobile
 5.  547  5.  551F  5.551G
 Reasons:  The  proposal  establishes  a  500  MHz  guard  band  between  the  space  services  and  radio  astronomy  allocations.  The  guard  band  should  contribute  significantly  towards  the  meeting  the
71
 72
 detrimental  interference  level  to  reduce  the  level  of  unwanted  space  services  emissions  in  the  radio  astronomy  band.
 USA/  /2  MOD
 5.551AA  In  the  bands  37.5-  40  GHz  and  42-  42.5  GHz,  non-  geostationary-  satellite  systems  in  the  fixed-  satellite  service  should  employ  power  control  or  other  methods  of  downlink  fade  compensation
 of  the  order  of  10  dB,  such  that  the  satellite  transmissions  are  at  power  levels  required  to  meet  the  desired  link  performance  while  reducing  the  level  of  interference  to  the  fixed  service.  The  use  of
 downlink  fade  compensation  methods  are  under  study  by  the  ITU-  R  (see  Resolution  84  (WRC-2000)).  (WRC-  2000)  In  the  bands  37.5-  40  GHz  and  40.5-  42  GHz,  the  power  flux-  density  at  the  Earths
 surface  from  any  FSS  space  station  should  be  at  the  level(  s)  required  to  meet  the  FSS  link  availability  and  performance  objectives  of  the  subject  applications,  but  no  greater  than  the  relevant  power  flux-density
 limits  in  Table  21-  4,  while  addressing  the  sharing  conditions  with  the  fixed  service.  (WRC-  03)
 Reasons:  This  modification  is  consequential  to  the  allocation  change.
 USA/  /3  MOD
 5.551G  In  order  to  protect  the  radio  astronomy  service  in  the  band  42.5-  43.5  GHz,  the  aggregate  power  flux-  density  in  the  42.5-  43.5  GHz  band  produced  by  all  the  space  stations  in  any  non-  geostationary-satellite
 system  in  the  fixed-  satellite  service  (space-  to-  Earth)  or  in  the  broadcasting-  satellite  service  (space-  to-  Earth)  system  operating  in  the  41.5-  42.5  GHz  band  shall  not  exceed  -  137  dB(  W/  m  2  )  in  the
 42.5  -43.5  GHz  band  and  167  153  dB(  W/  m  2  )  in  any  1  MHz  500  kHz  subband  at  the  site  of  a  radio  astronomy  station  for  more  that  2%  of  the  time.  The  power  flux-  density  in  the  band  42.5-  43.5  GHz
 produced  by  any  geostationary  station  in  the  fixed-  satellite  service  (space-  to-  Earth)  or  in  the  broadcasting-  satellite  service  (space-  to-  Earth)  operating  in  the  band  41.5  42  42.5  GHz  shall  not
 exceed  -  137  dB(  W/  m  2  )  in  the  42.5  -43.5  GHz  band  and  153  167  dB(  W/  m  2  )  in  any  1  MHz  500  kHz  subband  at  the  site  of  a  radio  astronomy  station.  These  limits  are  provisional  and  will  be  reviewed  in
 accordance  with  Resolution  128  (Rev.  WRC-  2000).  (WRC-  2003)
 Reasons:  This  modification  reflects  the  deletion  of  the  FSS  and  BSS  from  the  42.0  -  42.5  GHz  band.  The  limits  on  the  power  flux-  density  of  unwanted  emissions  by  space  services  emissions  operating  in
 the  41.5  -  42.0  GHz  band  into  the  42.5  -  43.5  GHz  radio  astronomy  band  have  been  relaxed  somewhat,  by  adopting  as  detrimental  threshold  levels  the  continuum  detrimental  threshold  level  in  the  full  1  GHz
 band  and  the  spectral  line  power  flux  density  in  the  500  kHz  reference  bandwidth  used  for  spectral  line  observations  in  this  band  (see  Table  2  of  Recommendation  ITU-  R  RA.  769).  Footnote  RR  5.551G,  as
 provisionally  adopted  by  WRC-  2000  combined  the  more  restrictive  continuum  pfd  threshold  level  with  a  1  MHz  reference  bandwidth.  The  proposal  also  subjects  geostationary  systems  operating  in  that  sub-band
 to  the  same  relaxed  PFD  limit.
 USA/  /4  ADD
 5.551x  The  band  41.5  42  GHz  is  not  available  for  HDFSS  applications.  Use  of  the  band  by  the  fixed-  satellite  service  (space-  to-  Earth)  is  limited  to  [gateway]  links.
 Reasons:  Limiting  this  part  of  the  allocation  to  gateway  links  will  limit  the  number  of  satellite  antenna  beams  that  could  cause  interference  to  radio  astronomy  receiver  locations.
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 USA/  /5  MOD
 TABLE  21-  4  (END)
 Reasons:  As  a  result  of  the  allocation  change,  power  flux  density  limits  for  this  band  are  moot  and  these  rows  of  the  table  should  be  removed.
 USA/  /6  SUP
 17  21.16.  12  In  the  bands  37.5-  40  and  40.5-  42.  5  GHz,  notwithstanding  any  further  studies,  the  power  flux-density
 limits  in  this  table  shall  be  applied  to  stations  in  the  fixed-  satellite  service  for  which  complete  coordination  (geostationary-  satellite  orbit)  or  notification  information  (non-  geostationary-  satellite  orbit),  as
 appropriate,  has  been  received  by  the  Bureau  after  2  June  2000  and  before  the  end  of  WRC-  03.  (WRC-  2000)
 Reasons:  This  suppression  is  consequential  to  the  allocation  change.
 USA/  /7  SUP
 RESOLUTION  128  (Rev.  WRC-  2000)
 Reasons:  Consequential  to  the  conclusion  that  RAS  operations  in  the  42.5  -  43.5  GHz  band  can  be  adequately  protected  from  unwanted  emissions  from  FSS  and  BSS  satellite  systems  operating  in  the
 41.5  -  42  GHz  band  by  a  combination  of  a  500  MHz  guard  band  (42  -  42.5  GHz)  and  the  application  of  footnotes  5.551G  and  5.551x.
 Limit  in  dB(  W/  m  2  )  for  angle  of  arrival  (	)  above  the  horizontal  plane
 Frequency  band  Service*  0-  5  5-  25  25-  90  Reference  bandwidth
 42-  42.5  GHz  Fixed-  satellite
 (non-  geostationary-satellite  orbit)
 Broadcasting-  satellite  (non-  geostationary-satellite
 orbit)
 120  10,  16,  17,  18  120  +  0.  75(  	    5)  10,  16,  17,  18  105  10,  16,  17,  18  1  MHz
 5-  20  20-  25  42-  42.5  GHz  Fixed-  satellite
 (geostationary-satellite  orbit)
 Broadcasting-satellite
 (geostationary-satellite  orbit)
 127  16,  17,  18
 127  +  (4/  3)  (	    5)  16,
 17,  18
 107  +  0.  4  (	    20)  16,
 17,  18
 105  16,  17,  18  1  MHz
73
 74
 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  137(  05.09.02)
 Agenda  Item  7.2:  to  recommend  to  the  Council  items  for  inclusion  in  the  agenda  for  the  next  WRC,  and  to  give  its  views  on  the  preliminary  agenda  for  the  subsequent  conference  and  on
 possible  agenda  items  for  future  conferences,  taking  into  account  Resolution  801  (WRC-  2000);
 Resolution  801  (WRC-  2000),  Agenda  Item  2.12:  to  consider  spectrum  requirements  for  wideband  aeronautical  telemetry  in  the  band  between  3  GHz  and  30  GHz;
 Background  Information:  The  World  Radiocommunication  Conference  2000  included  item  2.12  in  the  preliminary  agenda  for  the  World  Radiocommunication  Conference  05/  06.  The  2000
 Radiocommunication  Assembly  approved  Question  ITU-  R  231/  8,  titled:  Operation  of  wideband  aeronautical  telemetry  in  bands  above  3  GHz.  The  2000  Radiocommunication  Assembly
 directed  that  Question  ITU-  R  231/  8  studies  be  completed  by  2005.  ITU-  R  Circular  letter  CA/  109  requested  administrations  and  Sector  Members  to  supply  data  on  existing  and  planned
 wideband  aeronautical  telemetry  systems  operating  at  frequencies  above  3  GHz.  In  this  circular  letter  Wideband  Aeronautical  Telemetry  is  defined  as:  Emerging  Telemetry  Systems  With  Large
 Data  Transfer  Requirements  to  Support  New  and  Different  Telemetry  Capabilities  (such  as  high  resolution  video  and  associated  data  for  remotely-  piloted  aeronautical  vehicles).  It  is  further
 defined  as  telemetry  generally  requiring  a  bandwidth  of  20  MHz  or  greater.
 The  wideband  requirements  addressed  under  this  WRC-  06  proposal  are  in  addition  to  those  presently  operating  in  the  existing  aeronautical  telemetry  allocations  below  3  GHz  (in  the  1  429-
 1  525  and  2  300-  2  390  MHz  bands.)  The  requirement  for  these  allocations  will  continue.  Rather,  the  allocation  addressed  in  this  proposal  is  for  new  wideband  requirements.
 The  responses  to  ITU-  R  Circular  letter  CA/  109  indicated  that  there  are  requirements  for  additional  telemetry  spectrum,  up  to  300  MHz  contiguous,  for  wideband  aeronautical  telemetry.
 There  has  been  a  trend  toward  cooperation  and  multi-  platform  testing  that  is  leading  to  a  need  for  identification  of  additional  harmonized  band(  s)  for  aeronautical  telemetry.  As  airframe  speed,
 missions,  and  technology  increase  there  is  an  expanding  need  for  new  and  more  numerous  telemetry  points  for  real-  time  testing  of  aircraft  to  ensure  each  platform  is  rigorously  tested  and
 evaluated  to  ensure  safety  on  these  high  technology  platforms.  Many  Administrations  now  utilize  advanced  telemetry  testing  involving  multiple  platforms  in  complex  environments  that
 call  for  cooperation  of  more  than  one  country.  By  designating  a  harmonized  wideband  aeronautical  telemetry  band  between  3  and  30  GHz,  the  needs  for  this  type  of  testing  can  be  met.
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 Proposal:
 USA/  /1  MOD
 RESOLUTION  801  (WRC-  2003)
 Aagenda  for  the  2005/  2006  World  Radiocommunication  Conference
 The  World  Radiocommunication  Conference  (Istanbul,  2000),  (Geneva,  2003),
 Reasons:  Editorial
 resolves  to  give  the  view
 USA/  /  2  NOC
 2.12  To  consider  spectrum  requirements  for  wideband  aeronautical  telemetry  in  the  band  between  3  and  30  GHz.
 Reasons:  To  provide  an  agenda  item  to  study  spectrum  requirements  for  wideband  aeronautical  telemetry.
75
 76
 DRAFT  PROPOSAL  FOR  THE  WORK  OF  THE  CONFERENCE
 Doc.  WAC/  138(  05.09.02)
 Proposal  for  Resolution  801,  Agenda  Item  3.1
 Agenda  Item  7.2:  to  recommend  to  the  Council  items  for  inclusion  in  the  agenda  for  the  next  WRC,  and  to  give  its  views  on  the  preliminary  agenda  for  the  subsequent  conference  and  on  possible  agenda
 items  for  future  conferences,  taking  into  account  Resolution  801  (WRC-  2000);
 Background  Information:  Working  Party  8B  considered  several  studies  on  the  feasibility  of  sharing  between  IMT-  2000  and  radar  systems  operated  in  the  band  2  700-  2  900  MHz.  Those  studies  indicate
 sharing  of  the  band  2  700-  2  900  MHz  between  IMT-  2000  and  aeronautical  radionavigation  and  meteorological  radars  is  not  feasible.  Working  Party  8B  proposed  that  the  draft  CPM  text  for  Chapter
 7,  Future  Work  Program,  reflect  that  WRC-  03  may  wish  to  consider  deletion  of  this  agenda  item  from  the  WRC-  05/  06  agenda  (8B/  TEMP/  103-  E,  6  May  2002).
 The  band  2  700-  2  900  MHz  is  used  worldwide  to  support  airport  surveillance  radars  in  the  aeronautical  radionavigation  service,  which  is  a  safety  service  and  requires  special  measures  to  ensure  their
 freedom  from  harmful  interference  in  accordance  with  Article  4.10  of  the  Radio  Regulations.
 The  primary  weather  radar  system  used  for  flight  planning  activities  operates  in  the  band  2  700-  2  900  MHz  and  is  often  collocated  at  airports  worldwide,  to  provide  accurate  weather  conditions  for  aircraft.
 Also,  these  radars  observe  the  presence  and  calculate  the  speed  and  direction  of  motion  of  severe  weather  elements  such  as  tornadoes  and  violent  thunderstorms.  These  radars  provide  quantitative  area
 precipitation  measurements  important  to  hydrologic  forecasting  of  potential  flooding.  The  severe  weather  and  motion  detection  capabilities  offered  by  weather  radars  contribute  towards  an  increase  in
 the  accuracy  and  timeliness  of  warning  services.
 Proposal:
 USA/  /  1  SUP
 3.1  to  consider  results  of  ITU-  R  studies  on  the  feasibility  of  sharing  in  the  band  2  700-  2  900  MHz  between  the  aeronautical  radionavigation  service,  meteorological  radars  and  the  mobile  service,  and  to
 take  appropriate  action  on  this  subject.
 Reasons:  WP8B  has  already  determined  that  sharing  is  not  feasible  in  this  band,  therefore  it  is  not  necessary  to  continue  this  agenda  item.
 -FCC-
76