Heat Capacity Analysis Report REV 01, ICN 00

ANL-NBS-GS-000013

November 2004

1. PURPOSE 
The purpose of this report is to provide heat capacity values for the host and surrounding rock 
layers for the waste repository at Yucca Mountain. The heat capacity representations provided 
by this analysis are used in unsaturated zone (UZ) flow, transport, and coupled processes 
numerical modeling activities, and in thermal analyses as part of the design of the repository to 
support the license application. Among the reports that use the heat capacity values estimated in 
this report are the Multiscale Thermohydrologic Model report, the Drift Degradation Analysis 
report, the Ventilation Model and Analysis Report, the Igneous Intrusion Impacts on Waste 
Packages and Waste Forms report, the Dike/Drift Interactions report, the Drift-Scale Coupled 
Processes (DST and TH Seepage) Models report, and the In-Drift Natural Convection and 
Condensation report. The specific objective of this study is to determine the rock-grain and 
rock-mass heat capacities for the geologic stratigraphy identified in the Mineralogic Model 
(MM3.0) Report (BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031], Table 1-1). This report provides estimates of the 
heat capacity for all stratigraphic layers except the Paleozoic, for which the mineralogic 
abundance data required to estimate the heat capacity are not available. The temperature range 
of interest in this analysis is 25C to 325C. This interval is broken into three separate 
temperature sub-intervals: 25C to 95C, 95C to 114C, and 114C to 325C, which 
correspond to the preboiling, trans-boiling, and postboiling regimes. 
Heat capacity is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass 
of material by one degree (Nimick and Connolly 1991 [DIRS 100690], p. 5). The rock-grain 
heat capacity is defined as the heat capacity of the rock solids (minerals), and does not include 
the effect of water that exists in the rock pores. By comparison, the rock-mass heat capacity 
considers the heat capacity of both solids and pore water. For temperatures in the trans-boiling 
regime (95C to 114C), the additional energy required to vaporize the pore water is accounted 
for in the rock-mass heat capacity. The rock-grain heat capacities are intended to be used in 
models and analyses that explicitly account for the thermodynamic effects of the water within the 
rock porosity. The rock-mass heat capacities are intended to be used in models and analyses that 
do not explicitly account for these thermodynamic effects, particularly boiling. The term 
specific heat is often used synonymously with heat capacity; however, the latter term is used 
throughout this document. 
Three methods for evaluating the heat capacity of rock grains are described in Section 6. The 
method selected for use in this analysis, the mineral summation method, which is based on 
Kopps law (Nimick and Connolly 1991 [DIRS 100690], p. 6), uses the sum of the heat 
capacities of minerals in a layer weighted by their abundance. The stratigraphic layers and 
mineral abundance data are found in the Mineralogic Model (MM3.0) Report (BSC 2004 
[DIRS 170031]) Data Tracking Number (DTN): LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495]. The 
present analysis uses the ten mineral groups incorporated in the mineralogic model (BSC 2004 
[DIRS 170031], Section 6.2.3). The layers of the Calico Hills Formation and the adjacent 
bedded tuff layers exhibit a bimodal composition, and are characterized either as vitric or as 
zeolitic (BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031], Section 6.3.2). Therefore, heat capacities for the Calico 
Hills Formation and adjacent bedded tuffs are provided for the entire layer and for the separate 
vitric and zeolitic regions. 

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The input data used in this analysis were averaged for the particular layer under investigation, 
with the exception of the heat capacity values of the Calico Hills Formation and adjacent layers 
of bedded tuffs that are separated into vitric and zeolitic regions. In general, the averaged values 
of heat capacity are appropriate because the layers are compositionally and mechanically 
homogeneous. However, users of this heat capacity data should be aware of this limitation if a 
location-specific estimate of heat capacity or spatial variability within a layer is required. For 
each layer, mean and standard-deviation values are presented for mineral abundance 
(Section 6.3), rock-grain heat capacity (Section 6.6), and rock-mass heat capacity (Section 6.7). 
The standard deviations values are presented as a measure of the spread of these parameters 
around their mean value. 
This analysis report addresses activities described in the Technical Work Plan for: Near-Field 
Environment and Transport Thermal Properties Model and Analysis Reports Integration 
(BSC 2004 [DIRS 171708], Section 1.2.3) with respect to rock heat capacity. As described in 
the technical work plan (TWP) (BSC 2004 [DIRS 171708], Section 2.1.5), this heat capacity 
analysis does not address any features, events, or processes. 
A deviation from the TWP (BSC 2004 [DIRS 171708], Section 3.2) concerns the Yucca 
Mountain Review Plan, Final Report (NRC 2003 [DIRS 163274]) acceptance criteria. The TWP 
states that the Acceptance Criteria are not relevant to this report because the outputs are not 
specifically covered by any category but instead provide inputs to downstream numerical 
models. Contrary to this, the report identifies and discusses the relevant acceptance criteria in 
Sections 4.2 and 7.2, respectively. Also, the present report deviates from the TWP (BSC 2004 
[DIRS 171708], Section 9) by using EARTHVISION (EARTHVISION V5.1, 
STN: 10174-5.1-00) (Dynamic Graphics 2000 [DIRS 167994]), controlled software not 
identified in the plan. 

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2. QUALITY ASSURANCE 
Development of this model report and the supporting analyses have been determined to be 
subject to the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management quality-assurance program 
(BSC 2004 [DIRS 171708], Section 8.1). Approved quality-assurance procedures identified in 
the TWP (BSC 2004 [DIRS 171708], Section 4) have been used to conduct and document the 
activities described in this analysis report. The TWP also identifies the methods used to control 
the electronic management of data (BSC 2004 [DIRS 171708], Section 8.4) during the analysis 
and documentation activities. This report has been prepared in accordance with AP-SIII.9Q, 
Scientific Analyses. 
This model report contributes to the analysis and modeling of the UZ, which is a natural barrier 
and is classified on the Q-List (BSC 2004 [DIRS 168361]) as safety category because it is 
important to waste isolation, as defined in AP-2.22Q, Classification Analyses and Maintenance 
of the Q-List. 

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3. USE OF SOFTWARE 
3.1 SOFTWARE TRACKED BY CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT 
EARTHVISION (EARTHVISION V5.1, STN: 10174-5.1-00) (Dynamic Graphics 2000 
[DIRS 167994]) was the only software used in this analysis that was subject to software 
configuration management control. Table 3-1 gives a brief description of the softwares 
functionality. EARTHVISION was selected because it is the leading software for the 
visualization and evaluation of geologic data. There are no limitations to the use of this software 
that pertain to the preparation of the data used in the present report. 
Table 3-1. Software Tracked by Configuration Management 
Code Name Version 
Software 
Tracking 
Number Platform 
Operating 
System Brief Description 
EARTHVISION 
[DIRS 167994] 
5.1 10174-5.1-00 SGI IRIX 6.5 Three-dimensional earth science 
modeling package; used in this study 
to produce mineral-abundance 
statistics pertaining to the ten mineral 
groups. 
The software was used to calculate mineral-abundance statistics (average and standard deviation) 
for the ten mineral species or groups in each model layer considered in this analysis. 
EARTHVISION includes several modules offering a broad range of capabilities for 
three-dimensional model building and visualization of geologic data, as well as for calculating 
basic statistics of these data. The use of the software for estimating the mineral-abundance 
statistics was within its range of validation, and was run on a Silicon Graphics Octane 
workstation operating under the IRIX Version 6.5 operating system. 
3.2 OTHER SOFTWARE 
Microsoft Excel 2000 was used to calculate the heat capacity values presented in Section 6, and 
the heat capacity data of minerals presented in Appendix A. As used in this analysis, Microsoft 
Excel 2000 (a commercial, off-the-shelf software product) is not subject to LP-SI.11Q-BSC, 
Software Management (Section 2.1). Only standard functions (average and standard deviation) 
were used, and macros were not utilized in this analysis. The formulas documented in 
Section 6.1 (Equation 6-1), Section 6.4 (Equations 6-2 to 6-7), Section 6.6 (Equations 6-12, 6-13, 
6-17, and 6-18), and Section 6.7 (Equations 6-19 to 6-26) were implemented in the spreadsheets. 

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4. INPUTS 
4.1 DIRECT INPUTS 
Inputs used to determine rock-heat capacity include: 
1. Mineralogical abundance data; 
2. Mineral-species or group-heat capacity data; 
3. Rock-matrix properties data, including matrix porosity, matrix saturation, and grain 
density; 
4. Lithostratigraphic contacts; and 
5. Physical constants of water, including density, heat capacity, and enthalpy of 
vaporization. 
The input sources for this report are described below. The selection rationale and use of these 
inputs are described in Section 6. 
4.1.1 Mineral Abundance Data 
The mineral-species and group-abundance data used to calculate heat capacity values were 
obtained from the Mineralogic Model (MM3.0) Report (BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031]). The 
input-data source DTN listed in Table 4-1 is the output of that report. 
Table 4-1. Mineralogy Abundance Data 
Data Description Source 
Product Output files from the 
Mineralogic Model MM3.0 
DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 
[DIRS 113495] 
The Mineralogic Model (MM3.0) Report (BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031]) provides details 
concerning inputs and modeling techniques that were used to develop the mineralogic-abundance 
data used as input to this analysis. The mineralogic-abundance input data from 
DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495] are appropriate, because the data were obtained 
from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of Yucca Mountain borehole samples. The data were 
provided in the form of weight percents, and are discussed in Section 6.3. 
4.1.2 Mineral Heat Capacity Data 
The temperature-dependent heat capacity equations for the mineral species and groups were 
obtained from the sources listed in Table 4-2. The majority of the heat capacity values were 
obtained from DTN: MO0009THRMODYN.001 [DIRS 152576]. Heat capacity data for 
chabazite, erionite, and stellerite were obtained from Chipera et al. (1995 [DIRS 100025]), for 
clinoptilolite and for mordenite were obtained from DTN: MO0302SPATHDYN.001 
[DIRS 161886] and, for analcime, were obtained from Johnson et al. (1982 [DIRS 106283], 
p. 744, Equation 4). These data are appropriate, because they provide heat capacity 

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representations for the mineral groups identified in the Mineralogic Model (MM3.0) Report 
(BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031], Section 6.2.3). 
The heat capacity values for tridymite and silica glasses were obtained from: 
Thermodynamic Properties of Minerals and Related Substances at 298.15 K and 1 Bar 
(105 Pascals) Pressure and at Higher Temperatures (Robie et al. 1979 [DIRS 107109], 
p. 218), 
and 
Thermodynamic Properties of Minerals and Related Substances at 298.15 K and 1 Bar 
(105 Pascals) Pressure and at Higher Temperatures (Robie and Hemingway 1995 
[DIRS 153683], pp. 31 to 40, 50, and 58 to 66). 
These data have been determined to be suitable for their intended use in accordance with 
AP-SIII.9Q, as noted below: 
1. Chipera et al. (1995 [DIRS 100025]) 
- Extent to which the data demonstrate the properties of interest: 
Use of these values is appropriate because these data are specific for chabazite, 
erionite, and stellerite, and specific for the temperature range of interest. 
- Reliability of the data source: 
This reference is from the book Natural Zeolites '93: Occurrence, Properties, Use, 
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on the Occurrence, Properties, 
and Utilization of Natural Zeolites, published by the International Committee on 
Natural Zeolites (ICNZ). The ICNZ was created in 1976 to promote and encourage 
the growing interest in natural zeolite materials throughout the scientific and 
technical community. In its twenty-two-year history, ICNZ has served as a focal 
point of worldwide interest in natural zeolites and has been instrumental in the 
organization of conferences, field trips, symposia, and special sessions at national 
and international meetings on the subject of natural zeolites. 
2. Johnson et al. (1982 [DIRS 106283], p. 744, Equation 4) 
- Extent to which the data demonstrate the properties of interest: 
Use of these values is appropriate because these data are specific for analcime and 
for the temperature range of interest. 
- Reliability of the data source: 
This reference is a peer-reviewed paper published in the prestigious journal 
American Mineralogist, the journal of the Mineralogical Society of America. 

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3. Robie et al. (1979 [DIRS 107109], p. 218): 
- Extent to which the data demonstrate the properties of interest: 
Use of these values is appropriate because these data are specific for tridymite and 
for the temperature range of interest. 
- Reliability of the data source: 
This reference contains these data and was produced by the United States 
Geological Survey (USGS), a premier federal source of earth science data. These 
data were published as USGS bulletins, which undergo several levels of strict 
internal review prior to their release to the public. 
4. Robie and Hemingway (1995 [DIRS 153683], pp. 31 to 40, 50, and 58 to 66): 
- Extent to which the data demonstrate the properties of interest: 
Use of these values is appropriate because these data are specific for silica glass 
and for the temperature range of interest. 
- Reliability of the data source: 
This reference contains these data and was produced by the USGS, a premier 
federal source of earth science data. These data were published as USGS bulletins, 
which undergo several levels of strict internal review prior to their release to the 
public. 
The heat capacity values assigned to each mineral species or group are provided in Appendix A. 
Table 4-2. Mineral Heat Capacity Data 
Data Description Source 
Heat capacity of smectite, illite, cristobalite, quartz, 
feldspar, muscovite, and calcite 
DTN: MO0009THRMODYN.001 
[DIRS 152576] 
Heat capacity of tridymite Robie et al. 
(1979 [DIRS 107109]) 
Heat capacity of various glasses Robie and Hemingway 
(1995 [DIRS 153683]) 
Heat capacity of chabazite, erionite, and stellerite Chipera et al. 
(1995 [DIRS 100025]) 
Heat capacity of clinoptilolite and mordenite MO0302SPATHDYN.001 
[DIRS 161886] 
Heat capacity of analcime Johnson et al. 
(1982 [DIRS 106283], p. 744, 
Equation 4) 

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4.1.3 Rock-Matrix Properties Data 
The rock-matrix properties data for grain density, matrix porosity, and matrix saturation were 
measured from core samples obtained from Yucca Mountain boreholes. The DTNs from which 
the data were obtained, and the boreholes from which the data were collected, are listed in 
Table 4-3. 
Table 4-3. Rock-Matrix Property Data 
Data Description Source 
Matrix properties data for boreholes: 
USW UZ-N11, N15, N16, N17, N27, N31, 
N32, N33, N34, N35, N36, N37, N38, N53, 
N54, N55, N57, N58, N59, N61, N62, N63, 
and N64; UE-25 UZ#16, SD-7, SD-9, and 
SD-12; USW NRG 7/7A, USW UZ-7A, 
USW UZ-14; and USW NRG-6 
DTN: MO0109HYMXPROP.001 
[DIRS 155989] 
Matrix properties data for borehole core 
samples from USW SD-6 
DTN: GS980808312242.014 
[DIRS 106748] 
Matrix properties data for 
borehole USW WT-24 
DTN: GS980708312242.010 
[DIRS 106752] 
These DTNs contain qualified data; therefore, their use is appropriate. 
4.1.4 Lithostratigraphic Contacts Data 
In order to organize the core-derived matrix property measurements discussed in Section 4.1.3, it 
was necessary to sort them based on the borehole lithostratigraphic contacts. The borehole 
lithostratigraphic contacts are provided by the two DTNs listed in Table 4-4. 
Table 4-4. Lithostratigraphic Contacts Data 
Data Description Source 
Lithostratigraphic contacts for 
boreholes 
DTN: MO0004QGFMPICK.000 
[DIRS 152554] 
UZ lithostratigraphic contacts in 
borehole USW SD-6 
DTN: SNF40060298001.001 
[DIRS 107372] 
These DTNs contain qualified data; therefore, their use is appropriate. 
4.1.5 Physical Properties of Water 
Three physical properties for water (density, heat capacity, and the enthalpy of vaporization) are 
required to calculate the rock-mass heat capacity of the layers. These constants were obtained 
from the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (Lide 2002 [DIRS 160832], pp. 6-3 and 6-4). 
This is a standard industry reference; therefore, the use of values it provides is appropriate. 

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Table 4-5. Physical Properties of Water 
Data Description Source 
Density, heat capacity, and enthalpy of 
vaporization of water 
Lide 2002 [DIRS 160832] 
4.1.6 Atomic Weights of Elements 
The atomic weights of aluminum, barium, calcium, hydrogen, iron, magnesium, manganese, 
oxygen, potassium, silicon, sodium, and strontium were used to calculate the molecular weight 
of different minerals. These constants were obtained from the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and 
Physics (Lide 2002 [DIRS 160832], pp. 1-12 and 1-13). This is a standard industry reference; 
therefore, the use of values it provides is appropriate. The source of the atomic weights is also 
provided in Table 4-6. 
Table 4-6. Atomic Weights of Elements 
Data Description Source 
Atomic weights of Al, Ba, Ca, H, Fe, 
Mg, Mn, O, K, Si, Na, Sr 
Lide 2002 [DIRS 160832] 
4.2 CRITERIA 
The Yucca Mountain Project Requirements Document (Canori and Leitner 2003 [DIRS 166275]) 
identifies the high-level requirements for the Yucca Mountain Project. The requirements that 
pertain to this scientific analysis report, and their link to 10 CFR 63 [DIRS 156605], are shown 
in Table 4-7 (Yucca Mountain Review Plan, Final Report (NRC 2003 [DIRS 163274])). The 
Yucca Mountain Review Plan, Final Report (NRC 2003 [DIRS 163274]) lists acceptance criteria 
pertaining to these requirements. Criteria that are applicable to this scientific analysis report are 
listed in Table 4-7 and described below. 
Table 4-7. Applicable Project Requirements and Acceptance Criteria 
Requirement 
Number Title 
10 CFR 63 Link 
[DIRS 156605] 
Yucca Mountain Review Plan, Final 
Report (NRC 2003 [DIRS 163274]) 
Acceptance Criteria 
PRD-002/T-002 Requirements for 
Performance Assessment 
10 CFR 63.114 2.2.1.3.3.3, Criteria 1, 2, 3, and 4 
Work described in this model report supports these requirements, but more specific criteria exist 
in Yucca Mountain Review Plan, Final Report (NRC 2003 [DIRS 163274]). The criteria 
established for the quantity and chemistry of water that comes into contact with engineered 
barriers and waste forms as presented in Section 2.2.1.3.3.3 of NRC (2003 [DIRS 163274]) and 
10 CFR 63.114(a)-(c) and (e)-(g) [DIRS 156605] are applicable to this model report. The 
criteria and subcriteria relevant to this model report are presented in the following subsections, 
and an assessment of how these criteria are addressed is provided in Section 7.2 of this report. 

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4.2.1 Acceptance Criterion 1  System Description and Model Integration Are Adequate 
(2) The abstraction of the quantity and chemistry of water contacting engineered 
barriers and waste forms uses assumptions, technical bases, data, and models, that 
are appropriate and consistent with other related U.S. Department of Energy 
abstractions. For example, the assumptions used for the quantity and chemistry of 
water contacting engineered barriers and waste forms are consistent with the 
abstractions of Degradation of Engineered Barriers (Section 2.2.1.3.1); 
Mechanical Disruption of Waste Packages (Section 2.2.1.3.2); Radionuclide 
Release Rates and Solubility Limits (Section 2.2.1.3.4); Climate and 
Infiltration (Section 2.2.1.3.5); and Flow Paths in the Unsaturated Zone 
(Section 2.2.1.3.6). The descriptions and technical bases provide transparent and 
traceable support for the abstraction of quantity and chemistry of water contacting 
engineered barriers and waste forms. 
4.2.2 Acceptance Criterion 2  Data Are Sufficient for Model Justification 
(1) Geological, hydrological, and geochemical values used in the license application 
are adequately justified. Adequate description of how the data were used, 
interpreted, and appropriately synthesized into the parameters is provided. 
(2) Sufficient data were collected on the characteristics of the natural system and 
engineered materials to establish initial and boundary conditions for conceptual 
models of thermal-hydrologic-mechanical-chemical coupled processes, that affect 
seepage and flow and the waste package chemical environment. 
4.2.3 Acceptance Criterion 3  Data Uncertainty Is Characterized and Propagated 
Through the Model Abstraction 
(1) Models use parameter values, assumed ranges, probability distributions, and 
bounding assumptions that are technically defensible, reasonably account for 
uncertainties and variabilities, and do not result in an under-representation of the 
risk estimate. 
(2) Parameter values, assumed ranges, probability distributions, and bounding 
assumptions used in the total system performance assessment calculations of 
quantity and chemistry of water contacting engineered barriers and waste forms 
are technically defensible and reasonable, based on data from the Yucca Mountain 
region (e.g., results from large block and drift-scale heater and niche tests), and a 
combination of techniques that may include laboratory experiments, field 
measurements, natural analog research, and process-level modeling studies. 
(3) Input values used in the total system performance assessment calculations of 
quantity and chemistry of water contacting engineered barriers (e.g., drip shield 
and waste package) are consistent with the initial and boundary conditions and the 
assumptions of the conceptual models and design concepts for the Yucca 
Mountain site. Correlations between input values are appropriately established in 
the U.S. Department of Energy total system performance assessment. Parameters 

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used to define initial conditions, boundary conditions, and computational domain 
in sensitivity analyses involving coupled thermal-hydrologic-mechanicalchemical 
effects on seepage and flow, the waste package chemical environment, 
and the chemical environment for radionuclide release, are consistent with 
available data. Reasonable or conservative ranges of parameters or functional 
relations are established. 
(4) Adequate representation of uncertainties in the characteristics of the natural 
system and engineered materials is provided in parameter development for 
conceptual models, process-level models, and alternative conceptual models. The 
U.S. Department of Energy may constrain these uncertainties using sensitivity 
analyses or conservative limits. For example, the U.S. Department of Energy 
demonstrates how parameters used to describe flow through the engineered 
barrier system bound the effects of excavation-induced changes. 
4.2.4 Acceptance Criterion 4  Model Uncertainty Is Characterized and Propagated 
Through the Model Abstraction 
(2) Alternative modeling approaches are considered and the selected modeling 
approach is consistent with available data and current scientific understanding. A 
description that includes a discussion of alternative modeling approaches not 
considered in the final analysis and the limitations and uncertainties of the chosen 
model is provided; 
4.3 CODES, STANDARDS, AND REGULATIONS 
No codes, standards, or regulations are applicable to the analysis documented in this report. 

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5. ASSUMPTIONS 
1. The heat capacity of a mineral composite is equal to the sum of the heat capacities of its 
mineral components, each weighted by its abundance. This is described mathematically by 
Equation 5-1: 
.= 
= 
= 
n j
j 
j p j g p C x C 
1 
, (Eq. 5-1) 
where the variables xj and j p C are respectively defined as the abundance (weight fraction) 
and heat capacity of mineral j; n is the number of mineral components; and g p C , is the heat 
capacity of the rock grain. 
This is based on Kopps law, which states that the heat capacity of a solid compound is equal 
to the sum of the heat capacities of its constituents (Nimick and Connolly 1991 
[DIRS 100690], p. 6). Contributions to the heat capacity not accounted for by Kopps law 
arise from order/disorder phenomena in crystals, rotational movement of atoms, and 
magnetic and electric effects. At temperatures significantly removed from absolute zero, the 
Kopps law approximation is quite good (Nimick and Connolly 1991 [DIRS 100690], p. 6), 
Robinson and Haas (1983 [DIRS 107148], pp. 548 to 551). Berryman (1995 [DIRS 159696], 
pp. 218 and 219) has shown that a temperature-dependent correction to Kopps law should be 
applied, but the correction is small at temperatures less than 500C. The temperature range 
of interest for this study, 25C to 325C, is well below 500C; therefore, the use of Kopps 
law is appropriate. 
2. The contribution of the fracture porosity to the rock heat mass capacity is negligible. 
Fracture- and matrix-property estimates for the UZ layers are provided in BSC (2004 
[DIRS 170038], Tables 6-5 and 6-6). The fracture porosities range from 1.6  10-4 to 
2.4  10-2, with the majority of the layers having less than 1  10-2 fracture porosity. The 
relative contribution of fracture porosity to the total porosity (fracture plus matrix porosity) is 
small; therefore, the contribution of fracture porosity to the evaluation of rock mass heat 
capacity may be ignored. 
3. For the mineralogic model layers 2 (Tund) and 3 (Tctlv-Tctbt), data from neighboring layers 
were used to provide estimates of the rock-matrix property parameters (matrix saturation, 
grain density, and matrix porosity). (See Section 6 for correlation between the mineralogic 
model and stratigraphic nomenclature). Specifically: 
 The saturation values in layers 4 (Tctuc-Tctlc) and 5 (Tcblv-Tctuv), above layers 2 (Tund) 
and 3 (Tctlv-Tctbt), indicate fully saturated conditions; therefore, a matrix water saturation 
of 1.0 (fully saturated) was used for mineralogic model layers 2 and 3. 
 The grain density value of 2.39g/cm3 was used from layer 4 (Tctuc-Tctlc). 

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 The matrix porosity value of 0.25 was selected, because it was approximately midway 
between the porosity values of the two preceding layers, layers 4 (Tctuc-Tctlc) and 5 
(Tcblv-Tctuv). Justification for this selection is provided by the similar values in these 
two layers. 
The impact of this selection is minimal, since these layers are located below the water table, 
and the importance of the heat capacity (rock grain and rock mass) of the layers is not 
significant. Because of their distance from the repository horizon, layers below the water 
table will experience a very small temperature rise. Therefore, the thermal properties of 
these layers are of secondary importance. 
4. In the pre-boiling temperature range (25C to 95C), the temperature dependence of the 
physical properties of water is negligible and an average value can be used in the calculation 
of the heat capacity. Specifically: 
 The value 4190 J/kg-K was used for the heat capacity of water, which corresponds to the 
average value over the 20C to 100C temperature range (CRC Handbook of Chemistry 
and Physics (Lide 2002 [DIRS 160832], p. 6-3)). Refer to output 
DTN: SN0307T0510902.003, Water Constants sheet in the rock_mass_heat_capacity.xls 
Excel workbook. 
 The value 981 kg/m3 was used for the density of water, which corresponds to the average 
value over the 20C to 95C temperature range (CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 
(Lide 2002 [DIRS 160832], p. 6-3)). Refer to output DTN: SN0307T0510902.003, Water 
Constants sheet in the rock_mass_heat_capacity.xls Excel workbook. 
5. The heat capacity data for the mineral groups used to estimate the heat capacity of the rock 
are discussed Section 6.5. The following specific simplifications and assumptions were 
made for mineral species that are combined into mineral groups and that share a common 
structure and composition: 
 The heat capacity values for tridymite, quartz, analcime, and calcite were used as listed in 
Appendix A. 
 Smectite and Illite: The heat capacity values of these two minerals, smectite and illite, are 
very similar (Figure A-1); therefore, to simplify the rock-grain heat capacity calculation, 
the heat capacity curve of smectite was used to represent both smectite and illite. 
Additional details are presented in Appendix A, Section A1. 
 Sorptive Zeolites: The mineral abundance of the sorptive zeolites, provided by 
DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495], is given for the mineral group rather than 
for the individual minerals; therefore, the heat capacities of the sorptive zeolitic minerals 
(clinoptilolite, mordenite, chabazite, erionite, and stellerite) were averaged together. As 
shown in Appendix A, Section A2, and illustrated in Figure A-2, with the exception of 
clinoptilolite, the heat capacity values of these zeolitic minerals are similar. Averaging the 
heat capacity values of these five minerals, to produce the heat capacity value for the 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 5-3 November 2004 
sorptive zeolite group, is consistent with the group abundance data provided in 
DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495]. 
 The heat capacity of the sorptive zeolite, heulandite, was not directly included in the 
average heat capacity of the group. The minerals, clinoptilolite and heulandite, based on 
XRD analysis, have the same crystalline structure (BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031], p. 6-21); 
therefore, the heat capacity of clinoptilolite was used to represent the heat capacity of 
heulandite. Even though heulandite is a fairly common mineral (BSC 2004 
[DIRS 170031], p. 6-21), its similar structure and composition, and the zeolites overall 
similarity in heat capacity values, indicate that using clinoptilolite as a surrogate will not 
have a significant impact on the zeolite group heat capacity value. The difference between 
the heat capacity of heulandite and clinoptilolite is about 6 percent or less. 
 Cristobalite + Opal CT: The heat capacity value of Opal-CT is not available. Opal-CT is 
a hydrous cryptocrystalline form of cristobalite (Deer et al. 1966 [DIRS 102773], p. 351). 
Due to the similarities in their composition and structure, the heat capacity of cristobalite 
is used to represent Opal-CT. 
 Feldspar: There are no direct measurements of the composition of Yucca Mountain 
feldspar (as phenocrysts or as groundmass); therefore, the feldspar mineral species have 
not been determined. The plagioclase feldspars (sodium-calcium solid solution series) are 
common in basic to intermediate lavas (Deer et al. 1966 [DIRS 102773], p. 335). The 
extrusive ash fall and ash-flow tuffs are more silicic in composition ranging from quartz 
latites to rhyolites (Peterman and Cloke 2002 [DIRS 162576], Table 1). Therefore, the 
dominant feldspar is most likely the K-feldspar (sodium-potassium solid solution series) 
(Deer et al. 1966 [DIRS 102773], p. 335). Normative calculations, based on major 
element analysis (DTN: GS000308313211.001 [DIRS 162015]) performed on samples 
from the repository horizon (Tptpul, Tptpmn, Tptpll, and Tptln), indicate that the primary 
feldspar is an alkali feldspar (sodium-potassium solid solution series) (Peterman and 
Cloke 2002 [DIRS 162576], Tables 4 and 5). Because of their identical structure and 
similar composition (sodium-potassium solid solution series, albite to orthoclase), the heat 
capacity for K-feldspar obtained from DTN: MO0009THRMODYN.001 [DIRS 152576] 
was used to represent the heat capacity of Yucca-Mountain feldspars. Because of the 
strong similarities between K-feldspar and the feldspars at Yucca Mountain, the 
difference, if any, between the heat capacities of the two is insignificant. 
 Glass (Vitrophyre): No direct measurements of the heat capacity of the Yucca Mountain 
volcanic glass (vitrophyre) exist. Heat capacities of 12 glasses given in Thermodynamic 
Properties of Minerals and Related Substances at 298.15 K and 1 Bar (105 Pascals) 
Pressure and at Higher Temperatures (Robie and Hemingway 1995 [DIRS 153683], 
pp. 31 to 40, 50, and 58 to 66) were examined (Appendix A) and averaged together, to 
provide an appropriate representation of the heat capacity value of volcanic glass. This 
average value is used because there are no direct measurements of the composition of the 
individual vitrophyre glasses at Yucca Mountain. 
 Mica: The heat capacity data used for mica are that of muscovite, and were obtained from 
DTN: MO0009THRMODYN.001 [DIRS 152576]. Another common mica mineral is 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 5-4 November 2004 
biotite; however, heat capacity data for biotite were not available. Since muscovite and 
biotite have identical structures (sheet silicates), and are compositionally similar 
(muscovite is aluminum rich; biotite is iron rich) (Deer et al. 1966 [DIRS 102773], 
pp. 201 and 211), the heat capacity of muscovite is used to represent mica. It is also noted 
that mica is a minor phase in the tuff units. 
6. The boiling point of water is 95C. 
Nimick and Connolly (1991 [DIRS 100690], p. 37) have estimated that for the range of 
repository elevations the boiling point of water is in the range of 95.2C to 97.3C. The 
lower value of 95C is adopted for the calculations of the heat capacity presented in this 
report. 

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ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-1 November 2004 
6. SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS DISCUSSION 
Heat capacity is an input parameter that is important to thermal modeling, to thermal-hydrologic 
modeling, and to coupled thermal-mechanical modeling. The heat capacity of a substance is the 
amount of energy required to change the temperature of a unit mass by one degree, and has units 
in energy per unit mass per degree (Nimick and Connolly 1991 [DIRS 100690], p. 5). For solid 
materials, heat capacity is virtually independent of changes in pressure, but is strongly dependent 
on temperature. Heat capacity is a major component of the accumulation term in the 
conservation-of-energy equation and, as such, can be a significant contributing parameter in 
modeling heat transport for the repository. 
The heat capacity representations provided by this analysis are used in thermal and 
thermal-hydrologic numerical modeling activities, and in the design of the repository to support 
the license application. 
The development of heat capacity in this report is based on the use of mineralogic abundances 
defined by the Mineralogic Model (MM3.0) Report (BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031]). The 
mineralogic model separates the Yucca Mountain stratigraphic column into 26 layers. These 
stratigraphic divisions have been used in this analysis. The correlation between the geologic 
stratigraphy units of the mineralogic model and those of the Geologic Framework Model (GFM) 
(DTN: MO9901MWDGFM31.000 [DIRS 103769]) are shown in Table 6-1. 
The temperature range of interest in this analysis is 25C to 325C, and has been broken into 
three temperature intervals: 25C to 95C, 95C to 114C, and 114C to 325C, which 
correspond to preboiling, trans-boiling, and postboiling regimes. For this analysis, the mineral 
heat capacities are calculated at one-degree (Celsius) intervals, and are then averaged over each 
temperature range. The mineral heat capacities are then weighted by mineral abundances and 
summed to determine the rock-grain heat capacities. The rock-grainheat capacity values 
presented for the temperature ranges (25C to 325C, 25C to 95C, 95C to 114C, and 114C to 
325C) are calculated as an average over the specified temperature range. 
6.1 HEAT CAPACITY ANALYSIS 
There are several methods that can be used to determine rock-grain heat capacity. Nimick and 
Connolly (1991 [DIRS 100690], pp. 5 to 11) summarized three different methods: mineral 
summation, oxide summation, and fictive-oxide mineral-component. A brief summary of each 
technique is provided in the following paragraphs. The available input data constrains the 
selection of the analytical technique. 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-2 November 2004 
Table 6-1. Correlation Chart of Model Stratigraphy 
Stratigraphic Unita, b Abbreviationa 
RHHc 
Geologic 
Framework 
Model Unitd 
Mineralogic 
Model Unit 
Group 
Formation 
Member 
Zone 
Subzone 
Alluvium and Colluvium Qal, Qc Alluvium (only) 
Timber Mountain Group Tm 
Rainier Mesa Tuff Tmr 
Paintbrush Group Tp 
Post-tuff unit x bedded tuff Tpbt6 
Tuff unit xe Tpki (informal) 
Pre-tuff unit x bedded tuff Tpbt5 
Tiva Canyon Tuff Tpc 
Crystal-Rich Member Tpcr 
Vitric zone Tpcrv 
Nonwelded subzone Tpcrv3 
Moderately welded subzone Tpcrv2 
Densely welded subzone Tpcrv1 
Nonlithophysal subzone Tpcrn 
Subvitrophyre-transition subzone Tpcrn4 
Pumice-poor subzone Tpcrn3 
Mixed-pumice subzone Tpcrn2 
Crystal-transition subzone Tpcrn1 Crystal-Rich 
Lithophysal zone Tpcrl Tiva and 
Crystal-transition subzone Tpcrl1 Post-Tiva 
Crystal-Poor Member Tpcp 
Upper lithophysal zone Tpcpul 
Spherulite-rich subzone Tpcpul1 
Middle nonlithophysal zone Tpcpmn 
Upper subzone Tpcpmn3 
Lithophysal subzone Tpcpmn2 
Lower subzone Tpcpmn1 
Lower lithophysal zone Tpcpll 
Hackly-fractured subzone Tpcpllh 
Lower nonlithophysal zone Tpcpln 
Hackly subzone Tpcplnh Tpcp 
Columnar subzone Tpcplnc TpcLD 
Sequence 22 
(Layer 26) 
Alluvium 
Tpc_uni 
Vitric zone Tpcpv 
Densely welded subzone Tpcpv3 Tpcpv3 
Moderately welded subzone Tpcpv2 Tpcpv2 
Sequence 21 
(Layer 25) 
Tpcpv3Tpcpv2

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-3 November 2004 
Table 6-1. Correlation Chart of Model Stratigraphy (Continued) 
Stratigraphic Unita, b Abbreviationa 
RHHc 
Geologic 
Framework 
Model Unitd 
Mineralogic 
Model Unit 
Group 
Formation 
Member 
Zone 
Subzone 
Nonwelded subzone Tpcpv1 Tpcpv1 
Pre-Tiva Canyon bedded tuff Tpbt4 Tpbt4 
Yucca Mountain Tuff Tpy Yucca 
Pre-Yucca Mountain bedded tuff Tpbt3 Tpbt3_dc 
Pah Canyon Tuff Tpp Pah 
Pre-Pah Canyon bedded tuff Tpbt2 Tpbt2 
Sequence 20 
(Layer 24) 
Tpcpv1Tptrv2 
Topopah Spring Tuff Tpt 
Crystal-Rich Member Tptr 
Vitric zone Tptrv 
Nonwelded subzone Tptrv3 Tptrv3 
Moderately welded subzone Tptrv2 Tptrv2 
Densely welded subzone Tptrv1 Tptrv1 Sequence 19 
(Layer 23) 
Tptrv1 
Nonlithophysal zone Tptrn 
Dense subzone Tptrn3 
Vapor-phase corroded subzone Tptrn2 
Crystal transition subzone Tptrn1 Tptrn Sequence 18 
Lithophysal zone Tptrl (Layer 22) 
Crystal transition subzone Tptrl1 Tptrl TptrnTptf 
Crystal-Poor Member Tptp 
Lithic-rich zone Tptpf or Tptrf Tptf 
Upper lithophysal zone Tptpul Tptpul 
Sequence 17 
(Layer 21) 
RHHtop Tptpul 
Middle nonlithophysal zone Tptpmn 
Nonlithophysal subzone Tptpmn3 Sequence 16 
Lithophysal bearing subzone Tptpmn2 (Layer 20) 
Nonlithophysal subzone Tptpmn1 Tptpmn Tptpmn 
Lower lithophysal zone Tptpll Tptpll Sequence 15 
(Layer 19) 
Tptpll 
Lower nonlithophysal zone Tptpln 
RHH 
Tptpln Sequence 14 
(Layer 18) 
Tptpln 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-4 November 2004 
Table 6-1. Correlation Chart of Model Stratigraphy (Continued) 
Stratigraphic Unita, b Abbreviationa 
RHHc 
Geologic 
Framework 
Model Unitd 
Mineralogic 
Model Unit 
Group 
Formation 
Member 
Zone 
Subzone 
Vitric zone Tptpv 
Densely welded subzone Tptpv3 Tptpv3 
Moderately welded subzone Tptpv2 Tptpv2 
Sequence 13f 
(Layers 16 
and 17) 
Tptpv3Tptpv2 
Nonwelded subzone Tptpv1 Tptpv1 
Pre-Topopah Spring bedded tuff Tpbt1 Tpbt1 
Sequence 12 
(Layer 15) 
Tptpv1Tpbt1 
Calico Hills Formation Tac Calico Sequence 11g 
(Layers 11, 12, 
13, and 14) Tac 
Bedded tuff Tacbt Calicobt Sequence 10 
(Layer 10) 
Tacbt 
Crater Flat Group Tc 
Prow Pass Tuff Tcp 
Prow Pass Tuff upper vitric nonwelded zone (Tcpuv)b Prowuv Sequence 9 
(Layer 9) 
Tcpuv 
Prow Pass Tuff upper crystalline nonwelded 
zone 
(Tcpuc)b 
Prowuc 
Prow Pass Tuff moderately-densely welded 
zone 
(Tcpmd)b Prowmd 
Prow Pass Tuff lower crystalline nonwelded 
zone 
(Tcplc)b Prowlc 
Sequence 8 
(Layer 8) 
TcpucTcplc 
Prow Pass Tuff lower vitric nonwelded zone (Tcplv)b Prowlv 
Pre-Prow Pass Tuff bedded tuff (Tcpbt)b Prowbt 
Bullfrog Tuff Tcb 
Bullfrog Tuff upper vitric nonwelded zone (Tcbuv)b Bullfroguv 
Sequence 7 
(Layer 7) 
TcplvTcbuv 
Bullfrog Tuff upper crystalline nonwelded zone (Tcbuc)b Bullfroguc 
Bullfrog Tuff welded zone (Tcbmd)b Bullfrogmd 
Bullfrog Tuff lower crystalline nonwelded zone (Tcblc)b Bullfroglc 
Sequence 6 
(Layer 6) 
TcbucTcblc 
Bullfrog Tuff lower vitric nonwelded zone (Tcblv)b Bullfroglv 
Pre-Bullfrog Tuff bedded tuff (Tcbbt)b Bullfrogbt 
Tram Tuff Tct 
Tram Tuff upper vitric nonwelded zone (Tctuv)b Tramuv 
Sequence 5 
(Layer 5) 
TcblvTctuv 
Tram Tuff upper crystalline nonwelded zone (Tctuc)b Tramuc 
Tram Tuff moderately-densely welded zone (Tctmd)b Trammd 
Tram Tuff lower crystalline nonwelded zone (Tctlc)b Tramlc 
Sequence 4 
(Layer 4) 
TctucTctlc 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-5 November 2004 
Table 6-1. Correlation Chart of Model Stratigraphy (Continued) 
Stratigraphic Unita, b Abbreviationa 
RHHc 
Geologic 
Framework 
Model Unitd 
Mineralogic 
Model Unit 
Group 
Formation 
Member 
Zone 
Subzone 
Tram Tuff lower vitric nonwelded zone (Tctlv)b Tramlv Sequence 3 
(Layer 3) 
TctlvTctbt 
Pre-Tram Tuff bedded tuff (Tctbt)b Trambt 
Lava and flow breccia (informal) TII 
Bedded tuff Tllbt 
Lithic Ridge Tuff Tr 
Bedded tuff Tlrbt 
Lava and flow breccia (informal) Tll2 
Bedded tuff Tllbt 
Lava and flow breccia (informal) Tll3 
Bedded tuff Tll3bt 
Older tuffs (informal) Tt 
Unit a (informal) Tta 
Unit b (informal) Ttb 
Unit c (informal) Ttc 
Sedimentary rocks and calcified tuff (informal) Tca 
Tuff of Yucca Flat (informal) Tyf 
Tund 
Sequence 2 
(Layer 2) 
Tund 
Pre-Tertiary sedimentary rock 
Lone Mountain Dolomite Slm 
Roberts Mountain Formation Srm 
Paleozoic 
Sequence 1 
(Layer 1) 
Paleozoich 
Source: Mineralogic Model (MM3.0) Report (BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031], Table 1-1). 
NOTE: In the RHH (Repository Host Horizon) column, shading indicates the RHH layers. Elsewhere, shaded rows 
indicate header lines for subdivided units. Sequence 1, Layer 1 is the Paleozoic layer (not included in this 
report). 
a DTN: MO9510RIB00002.004 [DIRS 103801]. 
b For the purposes of the GFM, each formation in the Crater Flat Group was subdivided into six zones, based on the 
requirements of the users of the GFM. The subdivisions are upper vitric (uv), upper crystalline (uc), moderately to 
densely welded (md), lower crystalline (lc), lower vitric (lv), and bedded tuff (bt) (Buesch and Spengler 1999 
[DIRS 107905], pp. 62 to 63). 
c Determination of Available Volume for Repository Siting (CRWMS M&O 1997 [DIRS 100223], pp. 43 to 50). 
d DTN: MO9901MWDGFM31.000 [DIRS 103769]. Although this DTN (MO9901MWDGFM31.000 [DIRS 103769]) was 
superseded by DTN: MO0012MWDGFM02.002 [DIRS 153777] when the GFM3.1 was updated to GFM2000, it 
provided the framework stratigraphy used in the development of version 3.0 of the mineralogical model, MM3.0 
(DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495]), which was used as input to this analysis. Development of the 
GFM2000 (DTN: MO0012MWDGFM02.002 [DIRS 153777]) was conducted after completion of the mineralogic 
model (DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495]). For the purpose of this analysis, there is no impact from using 
the superseded DTN in portraying the stratigraphy in Table 6-1. 
e Correlated with the rhyolite of Comb Peak (Buesch et al. 1996 [DIRS 100106], Table 2). 
f Sequence 13 (Tptpv3Tptpv2) is subdivided into 2 layers of equal thickness. 
g Sequence 11 (Tac) is subdivided into 4 layers of equal thickness. 
h Sequence 1 (Paleozoic) represents a lower bounding surface in the mineralogic model. 
i Unit Tpc_un of the mineralogic model includes the following stratigraphic units: Qal, Qc, Tm, Tmr, Tp, Tpbt6, Tpki 
(informal), Tpbt5, Tpc, Tpcr, Tpcrv, Tpcrv3, Tpcrv2, Tpcrv1, Tpcrn, Tpcrn4, Tpcrn3, Tpcrn2, Tpcrn1, Tpcrl, Tpcrl1, 
Tpcp, Tpcpul, Tpcpul1, Tpcpmn, Tpcpmn3, Tpcpmn2, Tpcpmn1, Tpcpll, Tpcpllh, Tpcpln, Tpcplnh, and Tpcplnc. 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-6 November 2004 
The mineral summation method, which is used in this report, uses mineral-abundance data and 
the heat capacity of the minerals to evaluate rock-grain heat capacity, using Equation 6-1. For 
the mineral summation method, the variables xj and j p C are respectively defined as the 
abundance (weight fraction) and heat capacity of mineral j; n is the number of mineral 
components; and g p C , is the heat capacity of the rock grain. This method requires 
mineral-abundance and mineralheat capacity data. As described in Section 4.1, the Mineralogic 
Model (MM3.0) Report (BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031]), DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 
[DIRS 113495] provides a summary of the mineralogic abundance of the repository layers and 
also the surrounding layers. The mineral-abundance data have been derived from Yucca 
Mountain borehole samples. The locations of the boreholes and the sources of 
mineral-abundance data for each borehole are documented in the Mineralogic Model (MM3.0) 
Report (BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031], Figure 4-1 and Table 4-1). The locations of these boreholes 
are shown in Figure 6-1. These boreholes cover the area of repository as can be seen by 
comparing Figure 6-1 of this report to Figure 4-1 of the Multiscale Thermohydrologic Model 
(BSC 2004 [DIRS 169565]). The input data from DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495] 
provide good coverage of the area of interest for this analysis. Furthermore, heat capacity data 
for the mineral species or groups are also available (Section 4.1.2, Table 4-2). 
The mineral summation method was selected (as the analytical technique for evaluating heat 
capacity in this analysis) because it is the only method for which all required data (mineral 
abundance and mineral-heat capacities) for the layers of interest were available. The accuracy of 
this method is adequate for the intended use of the heat capacity values. It should be noted that 
the results of numerical model simulations are not sensitive to the heat capacity of the different 
formations, which, in general, varies within a relatively small range (values around 1 J/g-K). For 
example, as stated in the Multiscale Thermohydrologic Model report (BSC 2004 [DIRS 169565], 
Section 6.3.2) parametric uncertainty of the host-rock heat capacity has an insignificant influence 
on the multiscale thermal-hydrologic models predictions of temperature and relative humidity. 
Alternative methods, which require additional data for their use, are the oxide summation, and 
the fictive-oxide mineral-component methods. The oxide (major elements) summation 
method uses oxide-abundance data and the heat capacity of the oxides to evaluate the rock-grain 
heat capacity, g p C , . This is described mathematically by Equation 6-1, which is based on Kopps 
Law (Nimick and Connolly 1991 [DIRS 100690], p. 6). 
.= 
= 
= 
n j
j 
j p j g p C x C 
1 
, (Eq. 6-1) 
where xj and j p C are, respectively, the abundance (weight fraction) and heat capacity of oxide j; 
n is the number of oxide components; and g p C , is the effective heat capacity of the rock grain. 
This method requires oxide data for the Yucca Mountain stratigraphic units. At present, 
major-element data are sparse for non-repository units (DTN: GS000308313211.001 
[DIRS 162015]). Therefore, due to the lack of appropriate oxide (major element) data for the 
layers surrounding the repository units, this method was not selected. 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-7 November 2004 
The fictive-oxide mineral-component method proposed by Robinson and Haas (1983 
[DIRS 107148], pp. 548 to 551) is another method for estimating the heat capacity of rock 
grains. This method requires detailed information on the composition and structure of mineral 
species, and very accurate weight-fraction measurements. This method was not selected due to 
the unavailability of these input data. 
6.2 HEAT CAPACITY METHODOLOGY 
The mineral summation method was used to estimate the heat capacity of mineral composites in 
each stratigraphic unit (layer and sequence) defined by the Mineralogic Model (MM3.0) Report 
(BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031], Table 1-1). The summation expressed by Equation 6-1 is based on 
Kopps law (Nimick and Connolly 1991 [DIRS 100690], p. 6). According to Kopps law, the 
heat capacity of mineral component j in the composite is the same as that of mineral j on its own 
(Berryman 1995 [DIRS 159696], p. 218); this an acceptable method for estimating heat 
capacities of most rocks, including those of interest in the Yucca Mountain Project (Nimick and 
Connolly 1991 [DIRS 100690]). 
6.3 MINERAL ABUNDANCE 
Output of the Mineralogic Model (MM3.0) Report (BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031], Section 6.2.3), 
found in DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495], provides the mineral abundances of ten 
mineral groups. The mineral groups are: 
1. Smectite and illite, 
2. Sorptive zeolites (clinoptilolite, heulandite, mordenite, chabazite, erionite, and 
stellerite), 
3. Tridymite, 
4. Cristobalite and opal-CT, 
5. Quartz, 
6. Feldspar, 
7. Volcanic glass, 
8. Nonsorptive zeolite (analcime), 
9. Mica, and 
10. Calcite. 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-8 November 2004 
Source: Mineralogic Model (MM3.0) Report (BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031], Figure 4-1). 
Figure 6-1. Locations of Boreholes Used in the Mineralogic Model 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-9 November 2004 
As shown in Table 6-1, the stratigraphy in the mineralogic model has 22 sequences and 
26 layers. For 25 of the 26 layers, EARTHVISION was used to calculate the average and 
standard deviation of the mineral abundance for the ten mineral groups; Sequence-1 (Layer 1 of 
the mineralogic model), the Paleozoic, was excluded from this analysis because the required 
mineralogic abundance data were not available from DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 
[DIRS 113495]. Excluding the Paleozoic from the analysis has no effect on other models, 
because heat capacity values for this formation are not needed; this layer is more than one 
thousand meters below the repository horizon, and is not included in any thermal or 
thermal-hydrologic models. Units Tpcpv1, Tpbt4, Tpy, Tpbt3, Tpp, Tpbt2, Tptrv3, and Tptrv2 
(Sequence 20 of the mineralogic model) are included in Table 6-2 as a single unit, the PTn. The 
results of these EARTHVISION calculations are provided in Table 6-2. In general, the sum of 
the average mineral-abundances for a layer does not exactly equal 100 percent. The abundance 
values in Table 6-2 can be normalized by dividing each average mineral-abundance by the sum 
of the average abundances. The values in Table 6-2 are not normalized, so the sum of the 
abundances does not equal 1.0. The normalization is performed in the output 
DTN: SN0307T0510902.003. This step converted the weight-percent abundance values in 
Table 6-2 to the weight-fractions abundances required by Equation 6-1. This normalization also 
ensured that the sum of the weight-fraction abundances for each layer equals one. 
When examining Table 6-2, the significant minerals (in terms of abundance) are feldspars, 
sorptive zeolites, silica polymorphs (i.e., tridymite, cristobalite, opal-CT, and quartz), and 
volcanic glasses. Feldspars are found in all layers, and are the most abundant minerals, except in 
the Calico Hills Formation and the layer just above it (sorptive zeolites are significant in the 
Calico Hills Formation and the layers immediately above and below it). The most abundant 
sorptive zeolites are clinoptilolite and mordenite (BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031], p. 6-21). 
Heulandite is a fairly common mineral, but its XRD abundance was combined with clinoptilolite 
because the two minerals have the same crystal structure (BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031], p. 6-21). 
Silica polymorphs can be found in all layers in significant abundances. The primary silica 
polymorphs are cristobalite and quartz; tridymite abundances are generally much smaller. In 
general, tridymite has higher abundance in the layers within and above the Calico Hills 
Formation. In contrast, quartz is the dominant silica polymorph in layers below the Calico Hills 
Formation. Volcanic glass is abundant in the nonwelded layers (bedded tuffs). The nonwelded 
layers are the PTn and surrounding layers, along with the Calico Hills Formation and 
surrounding layers. 
In terms of their abundances, the remaining mineral groups (smectite, analcime, mica, and 
calcite) are much less significant: most do not exceed 10 percent. The only exception is 
smectite, which exceeds 10 percent in a few layers. In general, analcime, mica, and calcite have 
very low abundances (less than 2 percent); the only exception is analcime, which exceeds 
5 percent in the lowest layer that was considered (the Tund). 
Layers of the Calico Hills Formation are characterized as vitric or zeolitic (Flint 1998 
[DIRS 100033], p. 29). This bimodal composition also characterizes the layers adjacent to the 
Calico Hills Formation (Tptpv2, Tptpv1-Tpbt1, and Tacbt). The compositional character of 
these layers is illustrated in the Mineralogic Model (MM3.0) Report (BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031], 
Figures 6-5 to 6-16, 6-19, and 6-20). 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-10 November 2004 
Table 6-2. Mineral Abundance of the Ten Mineral Groups in the Mineralogic Model 
Mineral Abundancea (expressed in weight percent) 
Smectite-Illite Sorptive Zeolite Tridymite Cristobalite-Opal CT Quartz 
Unit Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation 
Tpc_un 1.20 0.61 0.15 0.26 5.12 3.34 27.59 5.26 0.93 0.37 
Tpcpv3-Tpcpv2 12.66 4.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.37 1.73 0.07 0.14 
PTnb 12.13 4.93 1.68 2.51 2.10 2.09 8.07 5.51 1.30 0.69 
Tptrv1 0.48 0.33 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.10 2.01 1.49 0.11 0.12 
Tptrn-Tptrl-Tptf 1.16 1.48 0.12 0.17 11.20 2.61 12.73 5.69 1.53 2.44 
Tptpul 2.50 1.37 0.06 0.14 6.05 2.93 21.58 1.97 6.94 4.88 
Tptpmn 2.03 0.62 0.01 0.02 2.38 1.24 18.46 8.44 13.52 8.94 
Tptpll 2.48 2.13 0.23 0.28 2.09 1.33 14.54 6.75 19.94 5.93 
Tptpln 1.13 1.07 0.59 0.60 0.89 0.96 12.90 5.20 21.46 4.22 
Tptpv3 12.74 8.03 8.67 10.52 0.00 0.00 14.01 4.94 2.23 1.63 
Tptpv2 5.14 4.59 9.34 9.05 0.00 0.00 10.38 3.17 2.94 1.32 
Tptpv1-Tpbt1 2.46 2.69 40.08 24.57 0.07 0.21 13.36 6.07 2.59 1.41 
Tac4c 1.16 0.53 39.11 27.32 0.02 0.08 13.98 6.02 5.50 2.20 
Tac3 c 1.57 0.89 38.69 22.36 0.00 0.00 14.06 6.09 5.31 1.78 
Tac2 c 1.40 0.90 40.56 21.63 0.00 0.00 14.22 6.19 5.43 2.46 
Tac1 c 0.78 0.69 40.27 20.25 0.00 0.00 11.75 4.73 7.89 6.03 
Tacbt 5.11 3.18 22.39 11.76 0.00 0.00 5.01 3.76 16.69 7.16 
Tcpuv 3.94 1.50 31.10 15.46 0.21 0.48 12.82 9.21 8.82 8.18 
Tcpuc-Tcpmd-Tcplc 2.16 1.23 0.46 0.54 1.06 1.63 7.65 5.33 25.76 9.54 
Tcplv-Tcpbt-Tcbuv 4.87 4.28 47.64 12.26 0.06 0.14 9.54 2.94 8.83 6.18 
Tcbuc-Tcbmd-Tcblc 2.01 1.30 0.22 0.37 0.20 0.32 4.72 4.47 28.16 6.49 
Tcblv-Tcbbt-Tctuv 8.53 4.47 29.27 13.71 0.00 0.00 1.93 2.06 19.05 9.21 
Tctuc-Tctmd-Tctlc 2.76 2.30 0.60 0.92 0.00 0.00 3.99 5.24 28.66 7.44 
Tctlv-Tctbt 2.76 2.30 0.60 0.92 0.00 0.00 3.99 5.24 28.66 7.44 
Tund 13.39 5.77 1.81 2.36 0.00 0.00 0.85 2.13 30.00 6.99 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-11 November 2004 
Table 6-2. Mineral Abundance of the Ten Mineral Groups in the Mineralogic Model (Continued) 
Mineral Abundancea (expressed in weight percent) 
Feldspars Volcanic Glass Analcime Mica Calcite 
Unit Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation 
Tpc_unj 62.45 8.24 8.71 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.47 0.90 0.44 0.55 
Tpcpv3-Tpcpv2 28.96 7.00 44.38 4.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.24 2.52 
PTnb 24.81 13.00 47.11 18.33 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.50 0.85 1.33 
Tptrv1 21.17 4.51 71.72 7.58 0.00 0.00 1.19 0.13 1.64 1.91 
Tptrn-Tptrl-Tptf 68.82 8.92 0.07 0.13 0.00 0.00 1.24 0.55 0.51 0.40 
Tptpul 61.38 7.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.31 0.41 0.95 
Tptpmn 62.35 3.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.35 0.05 0.09 
Tptpll 59.36 6.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.11 0.07 0.10 
Tptpln 61.87 4.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.23 0.01 0.02 
Tptpv3 16.50 9.75 46.62 15.86 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.42 0.02 0.07 
Tptpv2 16.08 9.68 56.23 9.66 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.20 0.02 0.03 
Tptpv1-Tpbt1 14.55 6.17 27.62 27.90 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.10 0.06 0.17 
Tac4c 22.48 10.13 20.80 24.86 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.32 0.00 0.00 
Tac3c 23.17 10.02 18.78 24.16 0.00 0.01 0.74 0.69 0.00 0.00 
Tac2c 22.26 8.25 17.83 23.37 0.00 0.01 0.84 0.84 0.00 0.01 
Tac1c 21.79 5.07 18.29 24.16 0.00 0.00 1.36 1.94 0.01 0.02 
Tacbt 33.36 5.20 14.49 16.19 0.00 0.00 2.01 1.33 0.40 0.56 
Tcpuv 32.84 9.93 12.41 14.58 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.42 0.07 0.18 
Tcpuc-Tcpmd-Tcplce 62.08 4.56 0.24 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.69 0.77 0.06 0.11 
Tcplv-Tcpbt-Tcbuvf 25.37 3.46 2.67 3.69 2.29 4.08 0.42 0.37 0.00 0.00 
Tcbuc-Tcbmd-Tcblcg 60.45 5.13 0.17 0.28 0.00 0.00 3.04 2.22 0.16 0.26 
Tcblv-Tcbbt-Tctuvh 34.90 5.66 0.00 0.00 4.45 4.41 3.06 1.49 0.29 0.53 
Tctuc-Tctmd-Tctlci 60.46 4.83 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.04 3.05 1.81 0.30 0.46 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-12 November 2004 
Table 6-2. Mineral Abundance of the Ten Mineral Groups in the Mineralogic Model (Continued) 
Mineral Abundancea (expressed in weight percent) 
Feldspars Volcanic Glass Analcime Mica Calcite 
Unit Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation 
Tctlv-Tctbt 60.46 4.83 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.04 3.05 1.81 0.30 0.46 
Tund 38.69 4.65 0.38 0.97 6.00 4.07 5.04 3.84 3.46 2.10 
Source DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495]. 
a This table was developed by reformatting (Lum 2004 [DIRS 172044]) the mineral abundance values obtained with EARTHVISION. 
b PTn = Tpcpv1, Tpbt4, Tpy, Tpbt3, Tpp, Tpbt2, Tptrv3, Tptrv2. 
c Tac4: Sequence 11, Layer 14; Tac3: Sequence 11, Layer 13; Tac2: Sequence 11, Layer 12; Tac1: Sequence 11, Layer 11; 
d Average mineral abundance is not normalized and may not sum to 100 percent. 
e Tcpuc-Tcpmd-Tcplc is the same as unit Tcpuc-Tcplc in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was expanded to indicate that this unit 
also includes the stratigraphic unit Tcpmd. 
f Tcplv-Tcpbt-Tcbuv is the same as unit Tcplv-Tcbuv in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was expanded to indicate that this unit also 
includes the stratigraphic unit Tcpbt. 
g Tcbuc-Tcbmd-Tcblc is the same as unit Tcbuc-Tcblc in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was expanded to indicate that this unit also 
includes the stratigraphic unit Tcbmd. 
h Tcblv-Tcbbt-Tctuv is the same as unit Tcblv-Tctuv in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was expanded to indicate that this unit also 
includes the stratigraphic unit Tcbbt. 
i Tctuc-Tctmd-Tctlc is the same as unit Tctuc-Tctlc in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was expanded to indicate that this unit also 
includes the stratigraphic unit Tctmd. 
j Tpc_un is the same as unit Alluvium-Tpc_un in the mineralogic model. 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-13 November 2004 
To determine the mineralogic composition of the vitric and zeolitic zones of the layers, the 
boundary between the zones needs to be established. To determine the location of the boundary, 
histograms of zeolite abundance for the layers were plotted. Figures 6-2 to 6-8 show the 
histograms of sorptive zeolite abundance for the four Calico Hills Formation layers (Tac1, Tac2, 
Tac3, and Tac4, corresponding to mineralogic model layers 11, 12, 13, and 14, respectively, in 
Table 6-1) and adjacent layers (Tptpv2, Tptpv1-Tpbt1, and Tacbt), with zeolite abundance 
(expressed as a percent) plotted versus frequency (expressed as a percent). All histogram plots 
display a bimodal distribution of low zeolite abundance and high zeolite abundance. Figures 6-2 
to 6-8 were produced with EARTHVISION using as input data from 
DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495]. 
Based on this bimodal distribution in zeolite abundance, shown in Figures 6-2 through 6-8, the 
criterion selected to distinguish between the vitric and zeolitic zones in the layers was 15 percent 
zeolitic abundance. This criterion was selected based on inspection of the shape of the 
distributions shown in Figures 6-2 to 6-8. In all these figures, the end of the first part of the 
frequency distribution is at about 15 percent. Regions with at least 15 percent zeolite abundance 
were characterized as zeolitic; regions with less than 15 percent zeolite abundance were 
characterized as vitric. EARTHVISION was then used to calculate the mineral abundance for 
the 10 mineral groups in the vitric and zeolitic zones of the layers. The mineral abundance of the 
zeolitic zones and vitric zones are presented in Table 6-3 and Table 6-4, respectively. 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-14 November 2004 
DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495]. 
Figure 6-2. Zeolite Abundance Versus Frequency: Tac1 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-15 November 2004 
DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495]. 
Figure 6-3. Zeolite Abundance Versus Frequency: Tac2 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-16 November 2004 
DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495]. 
Figure 6-4. Zeolite Abundance Versus Frequency: Tac3 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-17 November 2004 
DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495]. 
Figure 6-5. Zeolite Abundance Versus Frequency: Tac4 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-18 November 2004 
DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495]. 
Figure 6-6. Zeolite Abundance Versus Frequency: Tptpv1  Tpbt1 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-19 November 2004 
DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495]. 
Figure 6-7. Zeolite Abundance Versus Frequency: Tacbt 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-20 November 2004 
DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495]. 
Figure 6-8. Zeolite Abundance Versus Frequency: Tptpv2 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-21 November 2004 
Table 6-3. Mineral Abundance of the Ten Mineral Groups in the Vitric Zones for Layers of the Mineralogic Model 
Mineral Abundance (expressed in weight percent) 
Smectite-Illite Sorptive Zeolite Tridymite Cristobalite-Opal CT Quartz 
Unit Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation 
Tptpv2 3.13 2.27 3.40 4.32 0.00 0.00 11.17 3.05 3.24 1.53 
Tptpv1  Tpbt1 0.55 0.69 3.02 3.63 0.18 0.35 5.31 1.50 3.82 1.15 
Tac4 0.76 0.55 3.02 3.33 0.05 0.14 5.75 1.29 7.83 1.86 
Tac3 1.62 1.41 4.35 3.43 0.00 0.00 5.44 0.88 4.95 1.20 
Tac2 1.50 1.49 5.50 3.17 0.00 0.00 5.79 0.90 5.53 0.99 
Tac1 0.37 0.31 6.98 3.00 0.00 0.00 5.70 1.13 6.11 1.02 
Tacbt 4.54 2.36 5.99 3.86 0.00 0.00 5.39 0.81 8.95 2.49 
Mineral Abundance (expressed in weight percent) 
Feldspars Volcanic Glass Analcime Mica Calcite 
Unit Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation 
Tptpv2 20.57 9.39 59.08 8.91 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.14 0.02 0.03 
Tptpv1  Tpbt1 19.79 6.09 68.75 8.04 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.29 
Tac4 27.02 3.98 56.56 6.16 0.00 0.00 0.55 0.17 0.00 0.00 
Tac3 26.79 7.30 57.73 9.21 0.00 0.00 1.02 0.61 0.00 0.00 
Tac2 26.36 8.04 55.93 8.86 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.56 0.01 0.03 
Tac1 23.57 6.31 58.50 8.07 0.00 0.00 0.67 0.18 0.01 0.04 
Tacbt 33.62 2.77 39.96 6.06 0.00 0.00 1.91 0.23 1.32 0.23 
DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495]. 
NOTE: This table was developed by reformatting (Lum 2004 [DIRS 172044]) the mineral abundance values obtained with EARTHVISION. 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-22 November 2004 
Table 6-4. Mineral Abundance of the Ten Mineral Groups in the Zeolitic Zones for Layers of the Mineralogic Model 
Mineral Abundance (expressed in weight percent) 
Smectite-Illite Sorptive Zeolite Tridymite Cristobalite-Opal CT Quartz 
Unit Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation 
Tptpv2 8.76 5.40 20.00 4.29 0.00 0.00 8.97 2.86 2.40 0.50 
Tptpv1-Tpbt1 3.18 2.81 53.89 11.00 0.03 0.09 16.36 4.07 2.13 1.22 
Tac4 1.33 0.42 54.18 16.79 0.00 0.01 17.42 3.25 4.52 1.47 
Tac3 1.55 0.64 49.46 12.92 0.00 0.00 16.77 4.22 5.42 1.91 
Tac2 1.37 0.62 50.94 11.48 0.00 0.00 16.72 4.70 5.40 2.75 
Tac1 0.89 0.73 49.80 10.80 0.00 0.00 13.48 3.86 8.40 6.74 
Tacbt 5.29 3.37 27.45 8.23 0.00 0.00 4.90 4.27 19.07 6.40 
Mineral Abundance (expressed in weight percent) 
Feldspars Volcanic Glass Analcime Mica Calcite 
Unit Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation 
Tptpv2 8.01 1.52 51.11 8.81 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.26 0.01 0.01 
Tptpv1-Tpbt1 12.60 4.94 12.29 13.37 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.03 0.07 
Tac4 20.58 11.26 5.86 10.14 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.34 0.00 0.00 
Tac3 22.03 10.48 6.56 10.73 0.00 0.01 0.65 0.69 0.00 0.00 
Tac2 21.05 7.92 6.54 11.28 0.01 0.01 0.77 0.90 0.00 0.01 
Tac1 21.28 4.53 6.77 11.69 0.00 0.00 1.56 2.16 0.00 0.01 
Tacbt 33.28 5.74 6.64 8.36 0.00 0.00 2.05 1.52 0.11 0.21 
Source DTN: LA9908JC831321.001 [DIRS 113495]. 
NOTE: This table was developed by reformatting (Lum 2004 [DIRS 172044]) the mineral abundance values obtained with EARTHVISION. 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-23 November 2004 
6.4 HEAT CAPACITY REPRESENTATIONS FOR THE MINERAL GROUPS 
In order to use Equation 6-1 to calculate the heat capacities of each layer, the heat capacities of 
the ten mineral groups must be determined. The heat capacity of minerals can be determined by 
using one of a variety of calorimetric techniques. The measured data is usually represented using 
curve fit equations or tables. To retain accuracy of measurement when analytical methods 
(i.e., equations) are used, proper representation of the data is important. To represent heat 
capacity as a function of temperature (T), different investigators have used a number of different 
equations. Berman and Brown (1985 [DIRS 104907]) looked at numerous sources of heat 
capacity equations. Many of these equations (e.g., Robie et al. 1979 [DIRS 107109]) are 
applicable to heat capacity representation within the calorimetric measurement temperature 
range. Berman and Brown (1985 [DIRS 104907], Equation 7) presented the following heat 
capacity equation for minerals: 
3 
3 
2 
2 
5 . 0 
1 0 
- - - + + + = T k T k T k k Cp (Eq. 6-2) 
The coefficients k0, k1, k2, and k3 are determined so that Equation 6-2 best fits the experimental 
measurements of heat capacity for each mineral. Berman and Brown (1985 [DIRS 104907], 
p. 168) state that Equation 6-2 reproduces calorimetric data within the estimated precision of the 
measurements, and that heat capacity extrapolations should be reliable to considerably higher 
temperatures than those at which calorimetric data are available. The absolute deviation of 
Equation 6-2 from heat capacity data is less than one percent (Berman and Brown 1985 
[DIRS 104907], Table 3, pp. 170-174). Chipera et al. (1995 [DIRS 100025], p. 569) used 
Equation 6-2 to fit heat capacity data of zeolites from different sources. 
Robie et al. (1979 [DIRS 107109], p. 2) used Equation 6-3 to fit experimental mineral heat 
capacity data: 
2 
5 
5 . 0 
4 
2 
3 2 1 T A T A T A T A A Cp + + + + = - - (Eq. 6-3) 
In Equation 6-3, A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5 are determined so that Equation 6-3 best fits the 
experimental measurements of heat capacity for each mineral. Robie et al. (1979 
[DIRS 107109], pp. 2 and 218) gives lower and upper limits of temperature for each mineral, and 
cautions that Equation 6-3 should not be extrapolated beyond the upper limit. The upper 
temperature limits are usually above the temperatures of interest in this analysis (325C) and, 
thus, extrapolations to such higher temperatures are not necessary. For this work, the heat 
capacity and formula weight data for tridymite in Thermodynamic Properties of Minerals and 
Related Substances at 298.15 K and 1 Bar (105 Pascals) Pressure and at Higher Temperatures 
(Robie et al. 1979 [DIRS 107109], p. 218) and the heat capacity and formula weight data for 
silica glasses in the later version of Thermodynamic Properties of Minerals and Related 
Substances at 298.15 K and 1 Bar (105 Pascals) Pressure and at Higher Temperatures (Robie 
and Hemingway 1995 [DIRS 153683], pp. 31 to 40, 50, and 58 to 66) have been used 
(Appendix A). The temperature range for tridymite given by Robie et al. (1979 [DIRS 107109], 
p. 218) is 117C to 1527C (Appendix A); heat capacity data at 25C were also provided, but 
data for temperatures in the range of 25C to 117C were not provided (it was reported as 
uncertain). For this study, a straight-line interpolation was used to provide heat capacity for this 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-24 November 2004 
temperature range. A straight-line interpolation was chosen because it is the simplest means of 
interpolating between two points (from 25C to 120C). By examination, the maximum 
difference in heat capacity between a fitted curve and linear interpolation over the temperature 
range is approximately 0.25 to 0.30 J/g-K (Figure A-3). The highest observed abundance of 
tridymite is approximately 10 percent (Table 6-2). Therefore, it is estimated that the largest 
change in rock-grain heat capacity would be an increase of 0.03 J/g-K, which is well within the 
parameter uncertainty, and is deemed to be insignificant. 
For analcime, Johnson et al. (1982 [DIRS 106283], p. 744, Equation 4) use the following 
equation: 
3 
4 
2 
3 2 1 T A T A T A A Cp + + + = (Eq. 6-4) 
The heat capacity equations used in DTNs MO0009THRMODYN.001 [DIRS 152576] and 
MO0302SPATHDYN.001 [DIRS 161886] are given here as Equations 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, 6-6, 
and 6-7. Equation 6-5, Equation 6-6, and Equation 6-7 are truncated forms of Equation 6-3. 
2 
3 2 1 
- + + = T A T A A Cp (Eq. 6-5) 
2 
3 2 1 T A T A A Cp + + = (Eq. 6-6) 
2 
4 
5 . 0 
3 2 1 
- - + + + = T A T A T A A Cp (Eq. 6-7) 
A listing of the heat capacity equations used for each mineral, together with other relevant 
information, is provided in Appendix A, and summarized in Table 6-5. 
Table 6-5. Temperature-Dependant Heat Capacity Equations for Different Minerals 
Mineral Equationa 
Smectite, illite, mordenite, cristobalite, quartz, k-feldspar, 
CaSiO3, muscovite, calcite 
2 
3 2 1 
- + + = T A T A A Cp 
Clinoptilolite 2 
3 2 1 T A T A A Cp + + = 
Chabazite, erionite, stellerite 3 
3 
2 
2 
5 . 0 
1 0 
- - - + + + = T k T k T k k Cp 
Tridymite, Mg3Al2Si3O2, NaAlSiO4 2 
4 
5 . 0 
3 2 1 
- - + + + = T A T A T A A Cp 
CaMgSi2O6, KAlSi3O8, NaAlSi3O8 2 
5 
5 . 0 
4 
2 
3 2 1 T A T A T A T A A Cp + + + + = - - 
Analcime 3 
4 
2 
3 2 1 T A T A T A A Cp + + + = 
a The constants of the equations given in Table 6-5 are different for each mineral and are given in Appendix A. 
The units of heat capacity are presented in J/g-K (all have been converted from their original 
units). A heat capacity value averaged over a temperature range of 25C to 325C is also given 
for each mineral. If a simplification or an average value for the mineral group was used in the 
analysis, the group averaged-value over the temperature range of 25C to 325C is also provided. 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-25 November 2004 
The evaluation of these equations over the temperature range is provided in output 
DTN: SN0409T0510902.004. 
Silica oxide polymorphs such as tridymite and cristobalite exhibit phase transformations at 
different temperatures (Thompson and Wennemer 1979 [DIRS 111126], pp. 1018 to 1025). 
Thompson and Wennemer report major transitions for synthetic tridymite at 390 K (116.85C) 
and 436 K (162.85C), and for synthetic cristobalite at 535 K (261.85C). These transitions 
absorb heat and, therefore, increase the heat capacity of the minerals as a function of temperature 
(Nimick and Connolly 1991 [DIRS 100690], p. 20). Nimick and Connolly estimated the 
increase in heat capacity due to the phase transitions, and showed that the heat capacity increase 
for tridymite is much lower than that of cristobalite. As shown in American Mineralogist, 64, in 
Heat Capacities and Inversions in Tridymite, Cristobalite, and Tridymite-Cristobalite Mixed 
Phases (Thompson and Wennemer 1979 [DIRS 111126], Figures 1 and 2), the transitions cause 
relatively narrow spikes in the heat capacity-temperature plot. As mentioned earlier, the 
equation for tridymite given by Robie et al. (1979 [DIRS 107109]) has a lower limit of 117C, 
which is also the lower temperature-transition of Thompson and Wennemer (1979 
[DIRS 111126]). The equation does not show the upper temperature-transition of Thompson and 
Wennemer (1979 [DIRS 111126]). Thompson and Wennemer (1979 [DIRS 111126], p. 1022) 
report the a-to- transformation for cristobalite (a: 298 K to 523 K, and : 523 K to 2000 K) at 
523 K (249.85C). 
DTN: MO0009THRMODYN.001 [DIRS 152576] gives separate heat capacity equations for a 
and  cristobalite, with temperature limits of 726.85C and 1726.85C, respectively. Neither of 
these equations includes the heat capacity spike at transition (see Figure A-4 of this report for 
a cristobalite). For this study, a decision was made to use the equation for a cristobalite because 
it covers the temperature range of interest. Also, for heat capacity values averaged over a 
temperature range (Section 6.5 and Appendix A of this report), the effect of the 
phase-transformation heat capacity spikes is minimal. 
6.5 HEAT CAPACITY VALUES OF THE TEN MINERAL GROUPS 
Heat capacity data for the majority of the mineral groups (smectite, illite, cristobalite, quartz, 
feldspar, muscovite, and calcite) were obtained from DTN: MO0009THRMODYN.001 
[DIRS 152576]. The heat capacity data for tridymite are from Robie et al. (1979 
[DIRS 107109], p. 218), and the heat capacity data for silica glasses are from Robie and 
Hemingway (1995 [DIRS 153683], pp. 31 to 40, 50, and 58 to 66). Heat capacity data for 
chabazite, erionite, and stellerite are from Chipera et al. (1995 [DIRS 100025]); heat capacity 
data for clinoptilolite and for mordenite are from DTN: MO0302SPATHDYN.001 
[DIRS 161886]; and heat capacity data for analcime are from Johnson et al. (1982 
[DIRS 106283], p. 744, Equation 4). These data are summarized in Appendix A. 
In general, the heat capacity values for the individual mineral species primarily depend on 
chemical composition. For mineral species that are combined into mineral groups, and that share 
a common structure and composition, their heat capacity behavior will also be similar. 
Therefore, simplifications that select, average, or combine heat capacity values for the mineral 
groups are justifiable; the specific simplifications made for the ten different mineral groups, and 
their justification, are discussed in Section 5. 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-26 November 2004 
6.6 CALCULATION OF ROCK-GRAIN HEAT CAPACITY 
Calculation of the rock-grain heat capacity of each of the mineralogic model layers was done 
following Kopps law (Nimick and Connolly 1991 [DIRS 100690], p. 6). Based on the 
temperature-dependant heat capacity equations presented in Appendix A, the rock-grain heat 
capacity was determined for four temperature intervals: 25C to 325C, 25C to 95C, 95C to 
114C, and 114C to 325C. The results of these calculations are presented in Tables 6-6 and 
6-7. 
Appendix B provides a comparison of rock-grain heat capacities developed in this analysis to 
data from three other sources: DTNs SN0210T0510902.001 [DIRS 161244], 
SN0402T0503102.010 [DIRS 170993], and SN0303T0510902.002 [DIRS 162496]. The data in 
DTN: SN0402T0503102.010 [DIRS 170993] were based on the oxide (major element) 
summation method. The data in DTNs SN0210T0510902.001 [DIRS 161244] and 
SN0303T0510902.002 [DIRS 162496] were developed using the same method used in this 
analysis (the mineral summation method). The mean values of rock-grain heat capacity compare 
favorably for the two methods. Output DTN: SN0307T0510902.003 incorporates corrections 
and changes required by the checking process per AP-SIII.9Q. 
For completeness, the equations used to estimate the average and standard deviations of the 
rock-grain heat capacities are given below. These statistical measures, provided in Tables 6-6 
and 6-7, were developed following the principles outlined in Bulmer (1979 [DIRS 111961], 
pp. 71 to 73). The calculated average and standard deviations are the result of propagating 
uncertainties in the mineral abundance and mineral heat capacity through Kopps law. 
Equation 6-8 denotes the jth minerals contribution to the rock-grain heat capacity (i.e., the 
product of mineral abundance, xj, expressed as a weight fraction; and mineral heat capacity, Cpj) 
by j P : 
pj j j C x P  = (Eq. 6-8) 
With this substitution, Equation 6-5 becomes 
. . 
=
= 
=
= 
=  = 
n j
j 
n j
j 
j pj j g p P C x C 
1 1 
, (Eq. 6-9) 
The expected (or average) value of g p C , over a specified temperature range, denoted [ ] g p C E , , 
can be written as the sum of the expected values of the individual mineral contributions [ ] j P E , 
where j=1 to n and n is the number of mineral components. 
[ ] [ ] .= 
= 
= 
n j
j 
j g p P E C E 
1 
, (Eq. 6-10) 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-27 November 2004 
Treating j x and pj C as independent random variables (i.e., the abundance of the mineral should 
not be dependent on the minerals heat capacity), the expected value of the jth minerals 
contribution to the rock-grain heat capacity may be written as 
E[Pj]= E[xj]  E[Cpj] (Eq. 6-11) 
E[xj] is the expected value of the mineral abundance j x of mineral j in a particular 
lithostratigraphic layer. The variability of pj C is due to the temperature dependence of the heat 
capacity of individual minerals expressed by Equations 6-2 to 6-7. E[Cpj] is the expected value 
of the heat capacity pj C over a specified temperature range. The variability of pj C is due to the 
temperature dependence of the heat capacity of individual minerals expressed by Equations 6-2 
to 6-7. Combining Equation 6-10 and Equation 6-11 gives the equation for the expected or 
average value of the rock-grain heat capacity in terms of mineral abundance expressed in terms 
of weight fraction, xj (Equation 6-12), and weight percent, j x (Equation 6-13). 
[ ] [ ] [ ] pj 
n j
j 
j g p C E x E C E  = .= 
=1 
, (Eq. 6-12) 
[ ] 
[ ] [ ] 
. 
. 
=
= 
=
= 
 
= n j
j 
j 
pj 
n j
j 
j 
g p 
x 
C E x E 
C E 
1 
1 
, (Eq. 6-13) 
Similarly, the variance of g p C , , denoted [ ] g p C V , , can be written as the sum of the variances of 
the individual mineral contributions, [ ] j P V . 
[ ] [ ] .= 
= 
= 
n j
j 
j g p P V C V 
1 
, (Eq. 6-14) 
The variance of Pj is given by 
[ ] [ ] [ ] pj 
pj 
j 
j 
j
j 
j C V 
C
P 
x V 
x
P 
P V  . .
.
. 
. .
.
. 
.
. 
+  . .
.
. 
. .
.
. 
.
. 
= 
2 2 
(Eq. 6-15) 
The partial derivatives in Equation 6-15 are evaluated using Equation 6-8 to give 
[ ] [ ] ( ) [ ] [ ] ( ) [ ] pj j j pj j C V x E x V C E P V  +  = 2 2 (Eq. 6-16) 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-28 November 2004 
When mineral abundance is expressed as a weight fraction, (xj), Equation 6-17 is used to 
calculate the standard deviation for the rock-grain heat capacity, [ ] g p C , s . For mineral 
abundance expressed as a weight percent, j x , Equation 6-18 is used. 
[ ] [ ] [ ] ( ) [ ] [ ] ( ) ( ) .= 
= 
 +  = 
n j
j 
pj j j pj g p C x E x C E C 
1 
2 2 
, s s s (Eq. 6-17) 
[ ] 
[ ] [ ] ( ) [ ] [ ] ( ) ( ) 
. 
. 
=
= 
=
= 
 +  
= n j
j 
j 
n j
j 
pj j j pj 
g p 
x 
C x E x C E 
C 
1 
1 
2 2 
, 
s s 
s (Eq. 6-18) 
where the definition V[ ] = (s[ ])2 has been employed. The standard deviations given by 
Equation 6-17 and Equation 6-18 are with respect to the mean heat capacity over each 
temperature range. Equation 6-13 and Equation 6-18 were used to estimate the rock-grain 
heat-capacities statistics (average and standard deviation) for each layer and temperature interval 
given in Tables 6-6 and 6-7. 
6.7 CALCULATION OF ROCK-MASS HEAT CAPACITY 
Once the rock-grain heat capacities have been determined, the heat capacity of the rock mass can 
then be obtained. For temperatures below boiling, taken in this analysis to be 25C to 95C, the 
volumetric heat capacity of the rock mass, ( .Cp)rm, can be expressed as the summation of the 
contributions of the solid matrix, the moisture in the matrix, and the air in the matrix and the 
lithophysae. 
( .Cp)rm = .g 
(1- fm)(1- fL)Cp,g + .w (1- fL) fm Sw Cp,w + .a 
[ fL + (1- fL) fm(1-Sw)]Cp,a 
 .g 
(1- fm)(1- fL)Cp,g + .w(1- fL) fm Sw Cp,w (Eq. 6-19) 
where: 
(.Cp)rm is the volumetric heat capacity of the rock mass, J/m3-K 
fm is matrix porosity, m3/m3 
fL is the volume fraction of lithophysal cavities, m3/m3 
Cp,g is the rock-grain heat capacity, J/kg-K 
Sw is the matrix water saturation, m3/m3 
Cp,w and Cp,a are the heat capacity of water and air, respectively, J/kg-K 
.g 
is the rock-grain density, kg/m3 
.w and .a 
are the densities of water and air, respectively, kg/m3. 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-29 November 2004 
The heat capacity of the rock mass is then 
w w m L m L g 
rm p 
rm 
rm p 
rm p S 
C C 
C 
. f f f f . 
. 
. 
. 
) 1 ( ) 1 )( 1 ( 
) ( ) ( 
, - + - - 
 = (Eq. 6-20) 
Table 6-6. Rock-Grain Heat Capacities for Lithostratigraphic Units 
Rock-Grain Heat Capacitya (J/g-K) 
for T = 25C to 325C for T = 25C to 95C for T = 95C to 114C for T = 114C to 325C 
Mineralogic 
Model Unit Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation 
Tpc_uni 0.93 0.11 0.79 0.08 0.87 0.08 0.99 0.10 
Tpcpv3- 
Tpcpv2 
0.95 0.11 0.83 0.09 0.90 0.09 1.00 0.10 
PTnb 0.96 0.23 0.84 0.20 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 
Tptrv1 0.95 0.10 0.84 0.08 0.90 0.08 0.99 0.10 
Tptrn-Tptrl- 
Tptf 
0.93 0.13 0.78 0.10 0.87 0.10 0.99 0.12 
Tptpul 0.93 0.12 0.78 0.09 0.87 0.09 0.99 0.11 
Tptpmn 0.93 0.14 0.78 0.11 0.87 0.11 0.99 0.13 
Tptpll 0.93 0.13 0.78 0.10 0.87 0.10 0.99 0.12 
Tptpln 0.93 0.10 0.78 0.07 0.87 0.07 0.99 0.09 
Tptpv3 0.98 0.24 0.86 0.21 0.93 0.23 1.02 0.25 
Tptpv2c 0.98 0.19 0.86 0.16 0.93 0.17 1.02 0.19 
Tptpv1-Tpbt1 1.08 0.42 0.95 0.37 1.02 0.40 1.12 0.43 
Tac4 1.07 0.42 0.93 0.38 1.01 0.40 1.12 0.44 
Tac3 1.07 0.38 0.93 0.33 1.01 0.36 1.12 0.39 
Tac2 1.07 0.36 0.94 0.32 1.01 0.34 1.12 0.38 
Tac1 1.07 0.35 0.94 0.31 1.01 0.33 1.12 0.37 
Tacbtc 1.02 0.24 0.88 0.21 0.95 0.22 1.07 0.25 
Tcpuv 1.04 0.28 0.90 0.24 0.98 0.26 1.09 0.29 
Tcpuc- 
Tcpmd-Tcplcd 
0.93 0.13 0.78 0.10 0.87 0.10 0.99 0.12 
Tcplv-Tcpbt- 
Tcbuve 
1.10 0.19 0.96 0.16 1.04 0.17 1.15 0.19 
Tcbuc- 
Tcbmd-Tcblcf 
0.93 0.12 0.78 0.09 0.87 0.09 0.99 0.10 
Tcblv-Tcbbt- 
Tctuvg 
1.05 0.22 0.90 0.19 0.98 0.20 1.10 0.22 
Tctuc-Tctmd- 
Tctlch 
0.94 0.12 0.78 0.09 0.87 0.09 0.99 0.11 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-30 November 2004 
Table 6-6. Rock-Grain Heat Capacities for Lithostratigraphic Units (Continued) 
Rock-Grain Heat Capacitya (J/g-K) 
for T = 25C to 325C for T = 25C to 95C for T = 95C to 114C for T = 114C to 325C 
Mineralogic 
Model Unit Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation 
Tctlv-Tctbt 0.94 0.12 0.78 0.09 0.87 0.09 0.99 0.11 
Tund 0.96 0.13 0.82 0.11 0.90 0.11 1.02 0.13 
a The data given in this table are from output DTN: SN0307T0510902.003, Excel workbook 
rock_grain_heat_capacity.xls, which has 4 sheets (Cp grain 25-325, Cp grain 25-94, Cp grain 95-114, and 
Cp grain 115-325): 
Cp grain 25-325 (Columns Y and Z) contains the data for T = 25C to 325C (Columns 2 and 3 in Table 6-6). 
Cp grain 25-94 (Columns Y and Z) contains the data for T = 25C to 95C (Columns 4 and 5 in Table 6-6). 
Cp grain 95-114 (Columns Y and Z) contains the data for T = 95C to 114C (Columns 6 and 7 in Table 6-6). 
Cp grain 115-325 (Columns Y and Z) contains the data for T = 114C to 325C (Columns 8 and 9 in Table 6-6). 
b PTn = Tpcpv1, Tpbt4, Tpy, Tpbt3, Tpp, Tpbt2, Tptrv3, Tptrv2. 
c In addition to the heat capacity values for layers Tptpv2-Tacbt given in Table 6-6, separate estimates for the vitric 
and zeolitic zones of these layers are given in Table 6-7. 
d Tcpuc-Tcpmd-Tcplc is the same as unit Tcpuc-Tcplc in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was 
expanded to indicate that this unit also includes the stratigraphic unit Tcpmd. 
e Tcplv-Tcpbt-Tcbuv is the same as unit Tcplv-Tcbuv in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was 
expanded to indicate that this unit also includes the stratigraphic unit Tcpbt. 
f Tcbuc-Tcbmd-Tcblc is the same as unit Tcbuc-Tcblc in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was 
expanded to indicate that this unit also includes the stratigraphic unit Tcbmd. 
g Tcblv-Tcbbt-Tctuv is the same as unit Tcblv-Tctuv in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was 
expanded to indicate that this unit also includes the stratigraphic unit Tcbbt. 
h Tctuc-Tctmd-Tctlc is the same as unit Tctuc-Tctlc in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was 
expanded to indicate that this unit also includes the stratigraphic unit Tctmd. 
i Tpc_un is the same as unit Alluvium-Tpc_un in the mineralogic model. 
Table 6-7. Rock-Grain Heat Capacities for Lithostratigraphic Units Tptpv2-Tacbt 
Rock-Grain Heat Capacitya (J/g-K) 
for T = 25C to 325C for T = 25C to 95C for T = 95C to 114C for T = 114C to 325C 
Mineralogic 
Model Unit Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation 
Vitricb 
Tptpv2 0.96 0.15 0.84 0.12 0.90 0.13 1.00 0.15 
Tptpv1-Tpbt1 0.96 0.12 0.84 0.09 0.90 0.10 1.00 0.11 
Tac4 0.96 0.10 0.83 0.08 0.90 0.08 1.00 0.09 
Tac3 0.96 0.13 0.84 0.11 0.91 0.11 1.01 0.13 
Tac2 0.96 0.13 0.84 0.11 0.91 0.11 1.01 0.13 
Tac1 0.97 0.11 0.85 0.09 0.91 0.10 1.01 0.11 
Tacbt 0.97 0.10 0.84 0.08 0.91 0.08 1.01 0.09 
Zeoliticb 
Tptpv2 1.02 0.13 0.90 0.11 0.96 0.11 1.06 0.13 
Tptpv1-Tpbt1 1.12 0.21 0.99 0.18 1.06 0.19 1.17 0.21 
Tac4 1.11 0.25 0.97 0.22 1.05 0.24 1.16 0.26 
Tac3 1.10 0.22 0.96 0.19 1.04 0.20 1.15 0.23 
Tac2 1.10 0.20 0.97 0.18 1.04 0.19 1.16 0.21 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-31 November 2004 
Table 6-7. Rock-Grain Heat Capacities for Lithostratigraphic Units Tptpv2-Tacbt (Continued) 
Rock-Grain Heat Capacitya (J/g-K) 
for T = 25C to 325C for T = 25C to 95C for T = 95C to 114C for T = 114C to 325C 
Mineralogic 
Model Unit Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation Average 
Standard 
Deviation 
Tac1 1.10 0.20 0.96 0.17 1.04 0.18 1.15 0.20 
Tacbt 1.03 0.17 0.89 0.15 0.97 0.16 1.09 0.17 
Output DTN: SN0307T0510902.003. 
a The data given in this table are from output DTN: SN0307T0510902.003, Excel workbook 
rock_grain_heat_capacity.xls, which has 4 sheets (Cp grain 25-325, Cp grain 25-94, Cp grain 95-114, and 
Cp grain 115-325): 
Cp grain 25-325 (Columns Y and Z) contains the data for T = 25C to 325C (Columns 2 and 3 in Table 6-7). 
Cp grain 25-94 (Columns Y and Z) contains the data for T = 25C to 95C (Columns 4 and 5 in Table 6-7). 
Cp grain 95-114 (Columns Y and Z) contains the data for T = 95C to 114C (Columns 6 and 7 in Table 6-7). 
Cp grain 115-325 (Columns Y and Z) contains the data for T = 114C to 325C (Columns 8 and 9 in Table 6-7). 
b The definitions of the vitric and zeolitic lithostratigraphic layers are presented in Section 6.3. 
The simplification of Equation 6-19 and Equation 6-20 results from the low density of air; the 
products [ fL + (1- fL) fm (1- Sw)] .a 
Cp,a and [ fL + (1- fL) fm (1  Sw)] .a 
are negligible relative to 
the first two terms of each equation. Substituting Equation 6-19 into Equation 6-20 yields: 
w w m m g 
w p w m w g p m g 
w w m L m L g 
w p w m L w g p L m g 
rm p S 
C S C 
S 
C S C 
C 
. f f . 
f . f . 
. f f f f . 
f f . f f . 
+ - 
+ - 
= 
- + - - 
- + - - 
= 
) 1 ( 
) 1 ( 
) 1 ( ) 1 )( 1 ( 
) 1 ( ) 1 )( 1 ( , , , , 
, (Eq. 6-21) 
As can be seen from Equation 6-21, the rock-mass heat capacity is independent of the lithophysal 
porosity, as the latter is factored out from the expression for Cp,rm. Equation 6-19 and 
Equation 6-20 are based on the assumption stated in Section 5 that the fracture porosity ( ff 
) does 
not significantly contribute to Cp,rm or ( .Cp)rm. The rock-matrix properties (grain density, 
porosity, and water saturation) vary spatially. Their average values and standard deviations 
within each unit are presented in Table 6-8. The number of samples used to determine these 
statistics is also given in Table 6-8. The matrix properties input data, obtained from the sources 
listed in Table 4-3 (DTNs: MO0109HYMXPROP.001 [DIRS 155989], GS980808312242.014 
[DIRS 106748], and GS980708312242.010 [DIRS 106752]), were compiled and sorted in Excel 
based on the lithostratigraphic contacts provided in Table 4-4 (DTNs: MO0004QGFMPICK.000 
[DIRS 152554] and SNF40060298001.001 [DIRS 107372]). The matrix property data were 
sorted based on the borehole and depth to the lithostratigraphic contact. The sorted data were 
then correlated into the mineralogic model layers (Table 6-1). The matrix saturation data are for 
present-day climate conditions (assuming that the core samples represent present-day 
conditions). Therefore, the heat capacity values estimated in this report are also for present day 
climate conditions. 
For the rock-matrix property data identified in Table 4-3, the depth to the vitric-zeolitic boundary 
of the Calico Hills Formation and adjacent bedded tuffs is provided by 
DTN: MO0004QGFMPICK.000 [DIRS 152554]. The location of the vitric-zeolitic boundary 
provided by DTN: MO0004QGFMPICK.000 [DIRS 152554] was based on the examination of 
mineralogic XRD data, borehole geophysics, visual inspection of core and cuttings material, and 
the difference between the relative humidity and the 105C porosity values. The documentation 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-32 November 2004 
of the criteria used to establish this boundary is in the stratigraphic workbooks 
(DTNs: GS000108314211.001 [DIRS 162599], GS000308314211.002 [DIRS 158000], and 
GS000608314211.003 [DIRS 161658]). Based on the information in 
DTN: MO0004QGFMPICK.000 [DIRS 152554], the matrix property data 
(DTNs: MO0109HYMXPROP.001 [DIRS 155989], GS980808312242.014 [DIRS 106748], and 
GS980708312242.010 [DIRS 106752]) were divided into vitric and zeolitic subsets for each 
layer (Table 6-8). 
The criteria based on abundance data, used in Section 6.3 to define the vitric-to-zeolitic transition 
for the mineralogic model layers, and the criteria used to distinguish vitric and zeolitic matrix 
properties from the borehole data (DTN: MO0004QGFMPICK.000 [DIRS 152554]), have not 
been correlated. However, the criteria applied to the two data sets were the best available. In 
addition, correlating the two criteria would not result in a markedly different vitric-to-zeolitic 
transition. Therefore, the differences between the two definitions of vitric-to-zeolitic contact are 
slight, and will have no significant impact on the development of the heat capacity parameter. 
The following parameter values were used in Equation 6-22 to evaluate the rock-mass heat 
capacity over the 25C to 95C temperature interval: 
fm = matrix porosity, m3/m3 (Table 6-8) 
Cp,g = rock-grain heat capacity, J/kg-K (Table 6-6) 
Sw = matrix water saturation, m3/m3 (Table 6-8) 
Cp,w = heat capacity of water, equal to 4190 J/kg-K (as stated in Section 5) 
.g 
= rock-grain density, kg/m3 (Table 6-8) 
.w = density of water, equal to 981 kg/m3 (as stated in Section 5). 
Following the methodology of Nimick and Connolly (1991 [DIRS 100690], pp. 34 to 35), pore 
water begins boiling off at 95C. In the trans-boiling phase (95C to 114C), the water 
saturation decreases linearly, from the initial value given in Table 6-8 to zero, over the 19C 
temperature range. The linear variation of the saturation Sw from Swo at 368.15 K (95C) to 0 at 
387.15 K (114C) is expressed by the following equation: 
Sw = Swo (20.376316  0.05263T) (Eq. 6-22) 
where: 
Swo = the initial water saturation 
T = the absolute temperature, K (where K = C + 273.15). 
The temperature used to calculate Sw in Equation 6-22 is 105C (377.15 K). The temperature of 
105C was selected because it is the approximate midpoint or average temperature over which 
boiling occurs (95C to 114C). 
As illustrated in Figure 6-9 (reproduced from the Thermal Testing Measurements Report 
(BSC 2004 [DIRS 169900], Figure 6.3.2.3-2)), results from the Drift Scale Test neutron logging 
and temperature measurements provide supporting evidence that the pore water vaporizes over a 
temperature range starting at approximately 95C. 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-33 November 2004 
During the trans-boiling stage, a correction is added to the calculation of thermal capacity that 
accounts for the heat capacity of boiling (Nimick and Connolly 1991 [DIRS 100690], p. 37). 
Documentation of the process and calculation needed to apply this correction to the rock-mass 
heat capacity values is provided in Input Parameters for Thermal Modeling Using 
Conduction-Only Models (CRWMS M&O 2000 [DIRS 153199], p. 11). Equation 7 from that 
report is reproduced here as Equation 6-23. Nimick and Connolly (1991 [DIRS 100690], p. 37) 
used the same temperature interval (95C to 114C). Even though they state that they used a T . 
of 20C, a close examination of their equation (Equation 11) (Nimick and Connolly 1991 
[DIRS 100690], p. 34) suggests that they actually used a T . of 19C, which is what is used in 
Equation 6-23. 
( ) .. 
. 
.. 
. 
. 
- 
+ = = T 
H S C C fg 
rm 
w m L w 
T rm p rm p . 
f f . ) 1 ( 
105 , , (Eq. 6-23) 
( ) 
( ) .. 
. 
.. 
. 
. + - 
+ = 
.. 
. 
.. 
. 
. - + - - 
- 
+ = 
= 
= 
T 
H 
S 
S C 
T 
H 
S 
S C C 
fg 
w w m m g 
w m w 
T rm p 
fg 
w w m L m L g 
w m L w 
T rm p rm p 
. f f . 
f . 
. f f f f . 
f f .
) 1 ( 
) 1 ( ) 1 )( 1 ( 
) 1 ( 
105 , 
105 , , 
(Eq. 6-24) 
As can be seen from Equation 6-24, the rock-mass heat capacity for the trans-boiling stage is 
also independent of the lithophysal porosity. 
Table 6-8. Averaged Rock Matrix Properties for Lithostratigraphic Units 
Matrix Saturation Grain Density Matrix Porosity 
Mineralogic 
Model Units Average 
Standard 
Deviation 
Number 
of 
Analyses Averagea 
Standard 
Deviation 
Number 
of 
Analyses Average 
Standard 
Deviation 
Number 
of 
Analyses 
Tpc_unj 0.711 0.196 954 2.51 0.03 954 0.119 0.071 954 
Tpcpv3- 
Tpcpv2 0.945 0.119 72 2.43 0.07 72 0.270 0.089 72 
PTnb 0.463 0.197 654 2.32 0.12 656 0.443 0.106 656 
Tptrv1 0.733 0.292 19 2.47 0.03 19 0.053 0.056 19 
Tptrn-Tptrl- 
Tptf 0.525 0.148 508 2.54 0.04 508 0.142 0.045 508 
Tptpul 0.744 0.142 529 2.50 0.03 529 0.143 0.035 529 
Tptpmn 0.856 0.113 384 2.52 0.03 384 0.105 0.023 384 
Tptpll 0.794 0.126 694 2.54 0.03 694 0.127 0.034 694 
Tptpln 0.866 0.089 425 2.54 0.04 425 0.095 0.028 425 
Tptpv3 0.881 0.117 178 2.38 0.04 182 0.038 0.036 171 
Tptpv2 0.797 0.196 51 2.32 0.08 51 0.184 0.095 48 
Tptpv1-Tpbt1 0.651 0.352 122 2.26 0.09 123 0.262 0.072 110 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-34 November 2004 
Table 6-8. Averaged Rock Matrix Properties for Lithostratigraphic Units (Continued) 
Matrix Saturation Grain Density Matrix Porosity 
Mineralogic 
Model Units Average 
Standard 
Deviation 
Number 
of 
Analyses Averagea 
Standard 
Deviation 
Number 
of 
Analyses Average 
Standard 
Deviation 
Number 
of 
Analyses 
Tac1 0.901 0.192 802 2.27 0.09 803 0.301 0.063 561 
Tac2 0.901 0.192 802 2.27 0.09 803 0.301 0.063 561 
Tac3 0.901 0.192 802 2.27 0.09 803 0.301 0.063 561 
Tac4 0.901 0.192 802 2.27 0.09 803 0.301 0.063 561 
Tacbt 0.987 0.041 111 2.37 0.12 111 0.234 0.071 111 
Tcpuv 0.952 0.056 80 2.35 0.09 80 0.294 0.065 80 
Tcpuc- 
Tcpmd-Tcplce 0.638 0.327 415 2.55 0.07 415 0.254 0.073 415 
Tcplv-Tcpbt- 
Tcbuvf 0.814 0.253 545 2.39 0.11 545 0.256 0.098 545 
Tcbuc- 
Tcbmd-Tcblcg 0.981 0.077 194 2.56 0.04 194 0.120 0.052 194 
Tcblv-Tcbbt- 
Tctuvh 1.026 0.053 80 2.35 0.06 80 0.209 0.055 80 
Tctuc-Tctmd- 
Tctlci 1.006 0.032 42 2.39 0.06 42 0.317 0.067 42 
Tctlv-Tctbtd 1.0 2.39 0.250 
Tundd 1.0 2.39 0.250 
Vitricc 
Tptpv2 0.784 0.201 46 2.32 0.08 46 0.188 0.096 45 
Tptpv1-Tpbt1 0.399 0.226 71 2.27 0.07 71 0.268 0.073 71 
Tac1 0.640 0.292 160 2.24 0.09 160 0.341 0.038 160 
Tac2 0.640 0.292 160 2.24 0.09 160 0.341 0.038 160 
Tac3 0.640 0.292 160 2.24 0.09 160 0.341 0.038 160 
Tac4 0.640 0.292 160 2.24 0.09 160 0.341 0.038 160 
Tacbt 0.939 N/A 1 2.35 N/A 1 0.418 N/A 1 
Zeoliticc 
Tptpv2 0.923 0.077 5 2.28 0.11 5 0.120 0.032 3 
Tptpv1- 
Tpbt1 
1.002 0.109 51 2.25 0.10 52 0.252 0.070 39 
Tac1 0.966 0.061 642 2.28 0.09 643 0.285 0.064 401 
Tac2 0.966 0.061 642 2.28 0.09 643 0.285 0.064 401 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-35 November 2004 
Table 6-8. Averaged Rock Matrix Properties for Lithostratigraphic Units (Continued) 
Matrix Saturation Grain Density Matrix Porosity 
Mineralogic 
Model Units Average 
Standard 
Deviation 
Number 
of 
Analyses Averagea 
Standard 
Deviation 
Number 
of 
Analyses Average 
Standard 
Deviation 
Number 
of 
Analyses 
Tac3 0.966 0.061 642 2.28 0.09 643 0.285 0.064 401 
Tac4 0.966 0.061 642 2.28 0.09 643 0.285 0.064 401 
Tacbt 0.988 0.041 110 2.37 0.12 110 0.232 0.069 110 
Source of data presented in Table 6-8: DTNs: MO0109HYMXPROP.001 [DIRS 155989], GS980808312242.014 
[DIRS 106748], and GS980708312242.010 [DIRS 106752]. See also Table 4-3. 
The data in this table are from output DTN: SN0409T0510902.004, Excel file Hydraulic Properties-final.xls, sheet 
Summary Values. Columns C, D, and E in Summary Values contain the data for Matrix Saturation (Columns 2, 3, 
and 4) in Table 6-8. Columns G, H, and I in Summary Values contain the data for Grain Density (Columns 5, 6, and 7) 
in Table 6-8. Columns K, L, and M in Summary Values contain the data for Matrix Porosity (Columns 8, 9, and 10) in 
Table 6-8. 
a Units of grain density are g/cm3. 
b PTn = Tpcpv1, Tpbt4, Tpy, Tpbt3, Tpp, Tpbt2, Tptrv3, Tptrv2. 
c The definitions of the vitric and zeolitic lithostratigraphic layers are presented in Section 6.3. 
d For units Tctlv-Tctbt and Tund, values for matrix saturation, grain density, and matrix porosity are based on data from 
neighboring layers. 
e Tcpuc-Tcpmd-Tcplc is the same as unit Tcpuc-Tcplc in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was 
expanded to indicate that this unit also includes the stratigraphic unit Tcpmd. 
f Tcplv-Tcpbt-Tcbuv is the same as unit Tcplv-Tcbuv in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was 
expanded to indicate that this unit also includes the stratigraphic unit Tcpbt. 
g Tcbuc-Tcbmd-Tcblc is the same as unit Tcbuc-Tcblc in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was 
expanded to indicate that this unit also includes the stratigraphic unit Tcbmd. 
h Tcblv-Tcbbt-Tctuv is the same as unit Tcblv-Tctuv in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was 
expanded to indicate that this unit also includes the stratigraphic unit Tcbbt. 
i Tctuc-Tctmd-Tctlc is the same as unit Tctuc-Tctlc in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was 
expanded to indicate that this unit also includes the stratigraphic unit Tctmd. 
j Tpc_un is the same as unit Alluvium-Tpc_un in the mineralogic model. 
N/A = Not available. The standard deviation cannot be calculated with only one value. 
In this analysis, 
Cp,rm is the average rock-mass heat capacity for the 95C to 114C temperature range. 
(Cp,rm)T=105 is the rock-mass heat capacity at 105C. Equation 6-20 is evaluated at the 
midpoint of the 95C to 114C temperature range. 
Cp,w is the heat capacity of water. A value of 4215.9 J/kg-K (Lide 2002 [DIRS 160832], 
p. 6-3) was used in Equation 6-20. 
.w is the density of water: 958.4 kg/m3 (at 100C), from the CRC Handbook of Chemistry 
and Physics (Lide 2002 [DIRS 160832], p. 6-3). 
fm is the matrix porosity (Table 6-8). 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-36 November 2004 
Source: Thermal Testing Measurements Report (BSC 2004 [DIRS 169900], Figure 6.3.2.3-2). 
Figure 6-9. Rock Moisture Content as a Function of Temperature as Measured from Neutron Logging of 
Boreholes 79 and 80 During the Drift Scale Test Heating Phase 
Sw is the degree of water saturation from Equation 6-22, evaluated at T = 105C. 
.rm is the bulk density of the rock mass, evaluated from the expression in the denominator of 
Equation 6-20. 
Hfg is the enthalpy of water at T=100C, J/kg taken to be 2256806 J/kg, from the CRC 
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (Lide 2002 [DIRS 160832], p. 6-3). 
.T is the temperature interval for boiling (19C). 
For temperatures above 114C, the water is completely boiled off; therefore, the matrix 
saturation is Sw = 0. In this case, Equation 6-19 reduces to: 
(.Cp)rm = .g 
(1- fm)(1- fL)Cp,g (Eq. 6-25) 
Substituting Equation 6-25 into Equation 6-20 gives the result that the rock-mass heat capacity is 
equal to the rock-grain heat capacity. 
g p 
m L g 
rm p 
rm p C 
C 
C , , ) 1 )( 1 ( 
) ( 
= 
- - 
= 
f f . 
. 
(Eq. 6-26) 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-37 November 2004 
Using the rock-grain heat capacities given in Table 6-6, matrix properties in Table 6-8, and the 
physical properties of water from the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (Lide 2002 
[DIRS 160832], pp. 6-3 and 6-4), it is a straightforward calculation to determine the rock-mass 
heat capacity. This was done for three temperature ranges: preboiling (25C to 95C), 
trans-boiling (95C to 114C), and postboiling (114C to 325C). The results of these 
calculations are presented in Table 6-9. 
Table 6-9. Rock-Mass Heat Capacities for Lithostratigraphic Units 
Mineralogic 
Model Unit 
Average 
Rock-Mass 
Heat Capacity 
T=25C-95C 
J/kg-K 
Standard 
Deviation of 
Rock-Mass 
Heat Capacity 
T=25C-95C 
J/kg-K 
Average 
Rock-Mass 
Heat Capacity 
T=95C-114C 
J/kg-K 
Standard 
Deviation of 
Rock-Mass 
Heat Capacity 
T=95C-114C 
J/kg-K 
Average 
Rock-Mass 
Heat Capacity 
T=114C-325C 
J/kg-K 
Standard 
Deviation of 
Rock-Mass 
Heat Capacity 
T=114C-325C 
J/kg-K 
Tpc_unh 9.1E+02 3.E+02 3.0E+03 9.E+02 9.9E+02 3.E+02 
Tpcpv3-Tpcpv2 1.2E+03 4.E+02 8.4E+03 2.E+03 1.0E+03 3.E+02 
PTna 1.3E+03 4.E+02 9.1E+03 3.E+03 1.0E+03 3.E+02 
Tptrv1 8.9E+02 3.E+02 1.8E+03 5.E+02 9.9E+02 3.E+02 
Tptrn-Tptrl-Tptf 8.9E+02 3.E+02 2.7E+03 8.E+02 9.9E+02 3.E+02 
Tptpul 9.4E+02 3.E+02 3.6E+03 1.E+03 9.9E+02 3.E+02 
Tptpmn 9.1E+02 3.E+02 3.0E+03 9.E+02 9.9E+02 3.E+02 
Tptpll 9.3E+02 3.E+02 3.3E+03 1.E+03 9.9E+02 3.E+02 
Tptpln 9.0E+02 3.E+02 2.8E+03 8.E+02 9.9E+02 3.E+02 
Tptpv3 9.1E+02 3.E+02 1.7E+03 5.E+02 1.0E+03 3.E+02 
Tptpv2 1.1E+03 3.E+02 5.1E+03 1.E+03 1.0E+03 3.E+02 
Tptpv1-Tpbt1 1.2E+03 4.E+02 6.4E+03 2.E+03 1.1E+03 3.E+02 
Tac4 1.4E+03 4.E+02 9.8E+03 3.E+03 1.1E+03 3.E+02 
Tac3 1.4E+03 4.E+02 9.8E+03 3.E+03 1.1E+03 3.E+02 
Tac2 1.4E+03 4.E+02 9.8E+03 3.E+03 1.1E+03 3.E+02 
Tac1 1.4E+03 4.E+02 9.8E+03 3.E+03 1.1E+03 3.E+02 
Tacbt 1.2E+03 4.E+02 7.6E+03 2.E+03 1.1E+03 3.E+02 
Tcpuv 1.4E+03 4.E+02 9.7E+03 3.E+03 1.1E+03 3.E+02 
Tcpuc-Tcpmd- 
Tcplc c 1.0E+03 3.E+02 5.4E+03 2.E+03 9.9E+02 3.E+02 
Tcplv-Tcpbt- 
Tcbuv d 1.3E+03 4.E+02 7.2E+03 2.E+03 1.2E+03 3.E+02 
Tcbuc-Tcbmd- 
Tcblc e 9.5E+02 3.E+02 3.7E+03 1.E+03 9.9E+02 3.E+02 
Tcblv-Tcbbt- 
Tctuv f 1.2E+03 4.E+02 7.1E+03 2.E+03 1.1E+03 3.E+02 
Tctuc-Tctmd- 
Tctlc g 1.3E+03 4.E+02 1.1E+04 3.E+03 9.9E+02 3.E+02 
Tctlv-Tctbt 1.2E+03 4.E+02 8.2E+03 2.E+03 9.9E+02 3.E+02 
Tund 1.2E+03 4.E+02 8.2E+03 2.E+03 1.0E+03 3.E+02 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 6-38 November 2004 
Table 6-9. Rock-Mass Heat Capacities for Lithostratigraphic Units (Continued) 
Mineralogic 
Model Unit 
Average 
Rock-Mass 
Heat Capacity 
T=25C-95C 
J/kg-K 
Standard 
Deviation of 
Rock-Mass 
Heat Capacity 
T=25C-95C 
J/kg-K 
Average 
Rock-Mass 
Heat Capacity 
T=95C-114C 
J/kg-K 
Standard 
Deviation of 
Rock-Mass 
Heat Capacity 
T=95C-114C 
J/kg-K 
Average 
Rock-Mass 
Heat Capacity 
T=114C-325C 
J/kg-K 
Standard 
Deviation of 
Rock-Mass 
Heat Capacity 
T=114C-325C 
J/kg-K 
Vitricb 
Tptpv2 1.1E+03 3.E+02 5.1E+03 1.E+03 1.0E+03 3.E+02 
Tptpv1-Tpbt1 1.0E+03 3.E+02 4.3E+03 1.E+03 1.0E+03 3.E+02 
Tac4 1.3E+03 4.E+02 8.5E+03 2.E+03 1.0E+03 3.E+02 
Tac3 1.3E+03 4.E+02 8.5E+03 2.E+03 1.0E+03 3.E+02 
Tac2 1.3E+03 4.E+02 8.5E+03 2.E+03 1.0E+03 3.E+02 
Tac1 1.3E+03 4.E+02 8.5E+03 2.E+03 1.0E+03 3.E+02 
Tacbt 1.6E+03 5.E+02 1.5E+04 4.E+03 1.0E+03 3.E+02 
Zeoliticb 
Tptpv2 1.1E+03 3.E+02 3.9E+03 1.E+03 1.1E+03 3.E+02 
Tptpv1-Tpbt1 1.4E+03 4.E+02 8.8E+03 3.E+03 1.2E+03 4.E+02 
Tac4 1.4E+03 4.E+02 9.7E+03 3.E+03 1.2E+03 4.E+02 
Tac3 1.4E+03 4.E+02 9.6E+03 3.E+03 1.2E+03 3.E+02 
Tac2 1.4E+03 4.E+02 9.6E+03 3.E+03 1.2E+03 3.E+02 
Tac1 1.4E+03 4.E+02 9.6E+03 3.E+03 1.2E+03 3.E+02 
Tacbt 1.3E+03 4.E+02 7.5E+03 2.E+03 1.1E+03 3.E+02 
The data in this table are from output DTN: SN0307T0510902.003, Excel file rock_mass_heat_capacity.xls. Sheet 
Cp-rm 25-94 (Column P) of the Excel file contains the data for Rock-Mass Heat Capacity (Column 2) in Table 6-9. 
Sheet Cp-rm 95-114 (Column T) contains the data for Rock-Mass Heat Capacity (Column 4) in Table 6-9. Sheet 
Cp-rm 115-325 (Column P) contains the data for Rock-Mass Heat Capacity (Column 6) in Table 6-9. 
NOTE: The values for rock-mass heat capacity given in this table are only valid to two significant figures, and are 
presented in scientific notation to prevent use of the values beyond the intended precision. The influence of 
the uncertainty of other properties (porosities, densities, and saturations) has not been accounted for explicitly 
in the rock-mass heat capacity values given in this table. The standard deviation values assigned to each 
model layer in this table are approximately 30 percent of the average values. Thirty percent of the mean was 
selected as the uncertainty associated with the rock-mass heat capacity values. The selection was based on 
the standard deviations calculated for the rock-grain heat capacities. 
a PTn = Tpcpv1, Tpbt4, Tpy, Tpbt3, Tpp, Tpbt2, Tptrv3, Tptrv2. 
b he definitions of the vitric and zeolitic lithostratigraphic layers are presented in Section 6.3. 
c cpuc-Tcpmd-Tcplc is the same as unit Tcpuc-Tcplc in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was 
expanded to indicate that this unit also includes the stratigraphic unit Tcpmd. 
d cplv-Tcpbt-Tcbuv is the same as unit Tcplv-Tcbuv in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was 
expanded to indicate that this unit also includes the stratigraphic unit Tcpbt. 
e Tcbuc-Tcbmd-Tcblc is the same as unit Tcbuc-Tcblc in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was 
expanded to indicate that this unit also includes the stratigraphic unit Tcbmd. 
f cblv-Tcbbt-Tctuv is the same as unit Tcblv-Tctuv in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was 
expanded to indicate that this unit also includes the stratigraphic unit Tcbbt. 
g ctuc-Tctmd-Tctlc is the same as unit Tctuc-Tctlc in the mineralogic model. The mineralogic model name was 
expanded to indicate that this unit also includes the stratigraphic unit Tctmd. 
h Tpc_un is the same as unit Alluvium-Tpc_un in the mineralogic model. 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 7-1 November 2004 
7. CONCLUSIONS 
7.1 SUMMARY 
Average and standard deviations of rock-grain and rock-mass heat capacity have been calculated, 
using Kopps Law in conjunction with the mineral summation method, for the temperature 
ranges of 25C to 95C, 95C to 114C, and 114C to 325C. In addition, the rock-grain heat 
capacities for the temperature range of 25C to 325C have been compiled. The choice of the 
mineral summation method was based on the availability of the necessary input data and the 
adequacy of the results for their intended use. Inputs to this analysis consist of mineral 
abundance, mineral heat capacity, rock-matrix properties, lithostratigraphic contacts, and 
physical properties of water. The results of this analysis are found in the output 
DTNs: SN0307T0510902.003 and SN0409T0510902.004. DTN: SN0307T0510902.003 gives 
the calculated values of the rock-grain and rock-mass heat capacity. 
DTN: SN0409T0510902.004 gives the heat capacities and the molecular weights of the minerals 
used to estimate the rock-grain heat capacity, as well as the averaged properties (water 
saturation, grain [particle] density and matrix porosity) for each layer (see Table 6-8). Results of 
the analysis indicate that the rock-grain and rock-mass heat capacity values for the different 
layers are very similar, consistent with the layers that have similar composition. 
The input data are averaged for the layer under investigation. The only exception to this is the 
heat capacity values of the Calico Hills Formation and adjacent layers of bedded tuffs that are 
separated into vitric and zeolitic regions. In general, the developed values of heat capacity are 
appropriate because the layers are compositionally and mechanically homogeneous. However, 
users of these data need to be aware of the limitation in the following cases: 
1. When a location-specific estimate of heat capacity for a time-dependent problem is 
required, or 
2. When spatial variability within a layer is required. 
The values for rock-mass heat capacity are only valid to two significant figures, and are 
presented in scientific notation to prevent use of the values beyond the intended precision. The 
standard deviation assigned to each model layer is approximately 30 percent of the average 
value. Thirty percent of the mean was selected as the uncertainty associated with the rock-mass 
heat capacity values; the selection was based on the standard deviations calculated for the 
rock-grain heat capacities. 
7.2 YUCCA MOUNTAIN REVIEW PLAN CRITERIA ASSESSMENT 
This section provides responses to the Yucca Mountain Review Plan acceptance criteria 
applicable to this model report. The acceptance criteria for the quantity and chemistry of water 
that comes into contact with engineered barriers and waste forms are referenced from 
Section 2.2.1.3.3.3 of NRC (2003 [DIRS 163274]) and 10 CFR 63.114(a)-(c) and (e)-(g) 
[DIRS 156605]. 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 7-2 November 2004 
7.2.1 Acceptance Criterion 1  System Description and Model Integration Are Adequate 
(2) The abstraction of the quantity and chemistry of water contacting engineered 
barriers and waste forms uses assumptions, technical bases, data, and models, that 
are appropriate and consistent with other related U.S. Department of Energy 
abstractions. For example, the assumptions used for the quantity and chemistry of 
water contacting engineered barriers and waste forms are consistent with the 
abstractions of Degradation of Engineered Barriers (Section 2.2.1.3.1); 
Mechanical Disruption of Waste Packages (Section 2.2.1.3.2); Radionuclide 
Release Rates and Solubility Limits (Section 2.2.1.3.4); Climate and 
Infiltration (Section 2.2.1.3.5); and Flow Paths in the Unsaturated Zone 
(Section 2.2.1.3.6). The descriptions and technical bases provide transparent and 
traceable support for the abstraction of quantity and chemistry of water contacting 
engineered barriers and waste forms. 
The data (Section 4.1), assumptions (Section 5), and technical bases (Section 6) used to develop 
heat capacity values are appropriate and consistent with the use of these values and their 
uncertainties as inputs to the mountain and drift-scale coupled process models. The descriptions 
and technical bases presented in Section 6 provide transparent and traceable support for the heat 
capacity parameter development. The use of heat capacity parameter values and their 
uncertainties by downstream coupled processes models that support the TSPA-LA is 
documented in the reports associated with those models. 
7.2.2 Acceptance Criterion 2  Data Are Sufficient for Model Justification 
(1) Geological, hydrological, and geochemical values used in the license application 
are adequately justified. Adequate description of how the data were used, 
interpreted, and appropriately synthesized into the parameters is provided. 
Site-specific mineral abundance values as well as data for rock matrix properties obtained from 
core sample measurements are inputs to the heat capacity analysis. The input data and their 
appropriateness in analyses selection and development are described in Section 4.1 and 
Section 6. Descriptions of how the data are used, interpreted, and synthesized into the developed 
parameters (i.e., rock-grain heat capacity and rock-mass heat capacity) are included in Section 6, 
and in Appendix A and Appendix B. 
(2) Sufficient data were collected on the characteristics of the natural system and 
engineered materials to establish initial and boundary conditions for conceptual 
models of thermal-hydrologic-mechanical-chemical coupled processes that affect 
seepage and flow and the waste package chemical environment. 
Data were collected from lithostratigraphic layers at Yucca Mountain, as described in Section 4.1 
and Section 6, to support the rock-grain and rock-mass heat capacity analyses. The results of 
these analyses, summarized in Section 6 and output DTN: SN0307T0510902.003, are used to 
develop and execute models of coupled processes that affect seepage and flow and the waste 
package environment. 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 7-3 November 2004 
7.2.3 Acceptance Criterion 3  Data Uncertainty Is Characterized and Propagated 
Through the Model Abstraction 
(1) Models use parameter values, assumed ranges, probability distributions, and 
bounding assumptions that are technically defensible, reasonably account for 
uncertainties and variabilities, and do not result in an under-representation of the 
risk estimate. 
The input data described in Section 4.1 and used in the analyses described in Section 6 are 
representative of the various lithostratigraphic layers at Yucca Mountain. The data originate 
from qualified and controlled sources. Measurement errors, biases, and natural sample 
variabilities are propagated into the heat capacity analyses (Section 6.6). For example, these 
analyses account for the variability of the mineral abundance data (Section 6.3). This variability 
is used to estimate the standard deviation, a measure of variability and uncertainty, of the 
rock-grain heat capacity for each lithostratigraphic unit (Section 6.6). Similarly, the rock-grain 
heat capacity values are also used to estimate the mean and the standard deviation of the 
rock-mass heat capacity in each lithostratigraphic unit (Section 6.7). Again, the standard 
deviation values provide a measure of the variability and uncertainty of the rock-mass heat 
capacity in each lithostratigraphic unit. Therefore, the analytical approach used to develop the 
heat capacity parameters accounts for uncertainties and variabilities, and does not result in an 
under-representation of risk. 
(2) Parameter values, assumed ranges, probability distributions, and bounding 
assumptions used in the total system performance assessment calculations of 
quantity and chemistry of water contacting engineered barriers and waste forms 
are technically defensible and reasonable, based on data from the Yucca Mountain 
region (e.g., results from large block and drift-scale heater and niche tests), and a 
combination of techniques that may include laboratory experiments, field 
measurements, natural analog research, and process-level modeling studies. 
The heat capacity parameter values, developed in this report, are used in coupled process 
modeling that supports TSPA-LA calculations of quantity and chemistry of water that comes into 
contact with engineered barriers and waste forms. These parameter values are based on 
mineralogic data (Section 6.3) and rock matrix property data (Section 6.7) that are specific to 
Yucca Mountain. 
(3) Input values used in the total system performance assessment calculations of 
quantity and chemistry of water contacting engineered barriers (e.g., drip shield 
and waste package) are consistent with the initial and boundary conditions and the 
assumptions of the conceptual models and design concepts for the Yucca 
Mountain site. Correlations between input values are appropriately established in 
the U.S. Department of Energy total system performance assessment. Parameters 
used to define initial conditions, boundary conditions, and computational domain 
in sensitivity analyses involving coupled thermal-hydrologic-mechanicalchemical 
effects on seepage and flow, the waste package chemical environment, 
and the chemical environment for radionuclide release, are consistent with 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 7-4 November 2004 
available data. Reasonable or conservative ranges of parameters or functional 
relations are established. 
The heat capacity parameters developed in this report are inputs to calculations that directly 
support the TSPA-LA with regard to the quantity and chemistry of water that comes into contact 
with engineered barriers and waste forms. The heat capacity analyses are consistent with the 
available site-specific data (Section 6.3 and Section 6.7). The standard deviation of the 
rock-mass heat capacity described in Section 6.7 provides a reasonable range for establishing the 
range of values for use in TSPA-LA sensitivity calculations. 
(4) Adequate representation of uncertainties in the characteristics of the natural 
system and engineered materials is provided in parameter development for 
conceptual models, process-level models, and alternative conceptual models. The 
U.S. Department of Energy may constrain these uncertainties using sensitivity 
analyses or conservative limits. For example, the U.S. Department of Energy 
demonstrates how parameters used to describe flow through the engineered 
barrier system bound the effects of excavation-induced changes. 
The analyses documented in this report provide estimates of the standard deviation in rock-grain 
heat capacity (Section 6.6) and in rock-mass heat capacity (Section 6.7) in all lithostratigraphic 
units at Yucca Mountain. These standard deviations are a reflection of the uncertainty caused by 
measurement errors, biases, and natural sample variabilities propagated through each analysis 
(Section 6.6). The use of heat capacity parameter values and their uncertainties by down-stream 
process models that support the TSPA-LA is documented in the associated model reports. 
7.2.4 Acceptance Criterion 4  Model Uncertainty Is Characterized and Propagated 
Through the Model Abstraction 
(2) Alternative modeling approaches are considered and the selected modeling 
approach is consistent with available data and current scientific understanding. A 
description that includes a discussion of alternative modeling approaches not 
considered in the final analysis and the limitations and uncertainties of the chosen 
model is provided. 
Alternative conceptual approaches for estimating the rock-grain heat capacity are discussed in 
Section 6.1. The rationale used in the analysis selection process is consistent both with the 
nature of the available input data and with the use of the resulting heat capacity values. The 
limitations of the heat capacity analyses are discussed in Section 6.1; the uncertainties are 
provided in Section 6.6 and Section 6.7. 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 8-1 November 2004 
8. INPUTS AND REFERENCES 
The following is a list of the references cited in this document. Column 2 represents the unique 
six-digit numerical identifier (the Document Input Reference System [DIRS] number), which is 
placed in the text following the reference callout (e.g., BSC 2004 [DIRS 169900]). The purpose 
of these numbers is to assist the reader in locating a specific reference. Within the reference list, 
multiple sources by the same author (e.g., BSC 2004) are sorted alphabetically by title. 
8.1 DOCUMENTS CITED 
Berman, R.G. and Brown, T.H. 1985. Heat Capacity of Minerals in the System 
Na2O-K2O-CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-H2O-CO2: 
Representation, Estimation, and High Temperature Extrapolation. Contributions 
to Mineralogy and Petrology, 89, 168-183. New York, 
New York: Springer-Verlag. TIC: 235118. 
104907 
Berryman, James G. 1995. Mixture Theories for Rock Properties. AGU 
Reference Shelf 3, Rock Physics and Phase Relations A Handbook of Physical 
Constants. Ahrens, T.J. Pages 205-228. Washington, D.C.: American 
Geophysical Union. TIC: 239165. 
159696 
BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2004. Analysis of Hydrologic Properties Data. 
ANL-NBS-HS-000042 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. 
ACC: DOC.20041005.0004. 
170038 
BSC 2004. Mineralogic Model (MM3.0) Report. MDL-NBS-GS-000003 REV 01. 
Las Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. ACC: DOC.20040908.0006. 
170031 
BSC 2004. Multiscale Thermohydrologic Model. ANL-EBS-MD-000049 REV 02. 
Las Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. ACC: DOC.20041014.0008. 
169565 
BSC 2004. Q-List. 000-30R-MGR0-00500-000-000 REV 00. Las Vegas, 
Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. ACC: ENG.20040721.0007. 
168361 
BSC 2004. Technical Work Plan for: Near-Field Environment and Transport 
Thermal Properties Model and Analysis Reports Integration. 
TWP-MGR-PA-000019 REV 00 ICN 01. Las Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel SAIC 
Company. ACC: DOC.20040920.0003. 
171708 
BSC 2004. Thermal Testing Measurements Report. TDR-MGR-HS-000002 
REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. 
ACC: DOC.20040928.0005. 
169900 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 8-2 November 2004 
Buesch, D.C. and Spengler, R.W. 1999. Correlations of Lithostratigraphic 
Features with Hydrogeologic Properties, a Facies-Based Approach to Model 
Development in Volcanic Rocks at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Proceedings of 
Conference on Status of Geologic Research and Mapping in Death Valley National 
Park, Las Vegas, Nevada, April 9-11, 1999. Slate, J.L., ed. Open-File Report 
99-153. Pages 62-64. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey. TIC: 245245. 
107905 
Buesch, D.C.; Spengler, R.W.; Moyer, T.C.; and Geslin, J.K. 1996. Proposed 
Stratigraphic Nomenclature and Macroscopic Identification of Lithostratigraphic 
Units of the Paintbrush Group Exposed at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Open-File 
Report 94-469. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey. 
ACC: MOL.19970205.0061. 
100106 
Bulmer, M.G. 1979. Principles of Statistics. 3rd Edition. New York, 
New York: Dover. TIC: 245835. 
111961 
Canori, G.F. and Leitner, M.M. 2003. Project Requirements Document. 
TER-MGR-MD-000001 REV 02. Las Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. 
ACC: DOC.20031222.0006. 
166275 
Chipera, S.J.; Bish, D.L.; and Carlos, B.A. 1995. Equilibrium Modeling of the 
Formation of Zeolites in Fractures at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Natural Zeolites 
'93: Occurrence, Properties, Use, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference 
on the Occurrence, Properties, and Utilization of Natural Zeolites, June 20-28, 
1993, Boise, Idaho. Ming, D.W. and Mumpton, F.A., eds. Pages 565-577. 
Brockport, New York: International Committee on Natural Zeolites. 
TIC: 243086. 
100025 
CRWMS (Civilian Radioactive Waste Management System) M&O (Management 
and Operating Contractor) 1997. Determination of Available Volume for 
Repository Siting. BCA000000-01717-0200-00007 REV 00. Las Vegas, 
Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: MOL.19971009.0699. 
100223 
CRWMS M&O 2000. Input Parameters for Thermal Modeling Using 
Conduction-Only Models. CAL-NBS-TH-000001 REV 00. Las Vegas, 
Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: MOL.20001107.0365. 
153199 
Deer, W.A.; Howie, R.A.; and Zussman, J. 1966. An Introduction to the 
Rock-Forming Minerals. New York, New York: John Wiley & Sons. 
TIC: 245492. 
102773 
Flint, L.E. 1998. Characterization of Hydrogeologic Units Using Matrix 
Properties, Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Water-Resources Investigations Report 
97-4243. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey. 
ACC: MOL.19980429.0512. 
100033 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 8-3 November 2004 
Johnson, G.K.; Flotow, H.E.; O'Hare, P.A.G.; and Wise, W.S. 1982. 
Thermodynamic Studies of Zeolites: Analcime and Dehydrated Analcime. 
American Mineralogist, 67, 736-748. Washington, D.C.: Mineralogical Society of 
America. TIC: 238577. 
106283 
Klein, C. and Hurlbut, C.S., Jr. 1999. Manual of Mineralogy. 21st Edition, 
Revised. New York, New York: John Wiley & Sons. TIC: 246258. 
124293 
Lide, D.R., ed. 2002. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 83rd Edition. 
Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. TIC: 253582. 
160832 
Lum, C. 2004. Addition to Records Package MOY-030731-07-01. E-mail from 
C. Lum to D. Ashley. ACC: MOL.20041020.0105. 
172044 
Nimick, F.B. and Connolly, J.R. 1991. Calculation of Heat Capacities for 
Tuffaceous Units from the Unsaturated Zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. 
SAND88-3050. Albuquerque, New Mexico: Sandia National Laboratories. 
ACC: NNA.19910308.0017. 
100690 
NRC (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission) 2003. Yucca Mountain Review Plan, 
Final Report. NUREG-1804, Rev. 2. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory 
Commission, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards. TIC: 254568. 
163274 
Peterman, Z.E. and Cloke, P.L. 2002. Geochemistry of Rock Units at the 
Potential Repository Level, Yucca Mountain, Nevada (includes Erratum). Applied 
Geochemistry, 17, (6, 7), 683-698, 955-958. New York, New York: Pergamon. 
TIC: 252516; 252517. 
162576 
Robie, R.A. and Hemingway, B.S. 1995. Thermodynamic Properties of Minerals 
and Related Substances at 298.15 K and 1 Bar (105 Pascals) Pressure and at 
Higher Temperatures. Bulletin 2131. Reston, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey. 
TIC: 249441. 
153683 
Robie, R.A.; Hemingway, B.S.; and Fisher, J.R. 1979. Thermodynamic Properties 
of Minerals and Related Substances at 298.15 K and 1 Bar (105 Pascals) Pressure 
and at Higher Temperatures. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1452. 
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. TIC: 230505. 
107109 
Robinson, G.R., Jr. and Haas, J.L., Jr. 1983. Heat Capacity, Relative Enthalpy, 
and Calorimetric Entropy of Silicate Minerals: An Empirical Method of 
Prediction. American Mineralogist, 68, 541-553. 
Washington, D.C.: Mineralogical Society of America. TIC: 224442. 
107148 
Thompson, A.B. and Wennemer, M. 1979. Heat Capacities and Inversions in 
Tridymite, Cristobalite, and Tridymite-Cristobalite Mixed Phases. American 
Mineralogist, 64, 1018-1026. Washington, D.C.: Mineralogical Society of 
America. TIC: 239133. 
111126 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 8-4 November 2004 
8.2 CODES, STANDARDS, REGULATIONS, AND PROCEDURES 
10 CFR 63. Energy: Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Wastes in a Geologic 
Repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Readily available. 
156605 
AP-2.22Q, Rev. 1, ICN 1. Classification Analyses and Maintenance of the Q-List. 
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive 
Waste Management. ACC: DOC.20040714.0002. 
AP-SIII.9Q, Rev. 1, ICN 7. Scientific Analyses. Washington, D.C.: U.S. 
Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. 
ACC: DOC.20040920.0001. 
LP-SI.11Q-BSC, Rev. 0, ICN 1. Software Management. Washington, D.C.: U.S. 
Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. 
ACC: DOC.20041005.0008. 
8.3 SOURCE DATA, LISTED BY DATA TRACKING NUMBER 
GS000108314211.001. Stratigraphic Contacts for Boreholes USW G-3/GU-3, 
USW G-4, USW NRG-6, USW NRG-7/7A, USW SD-6/SD-6ST1, USW UZ-14, 
UE-25 WT#14, and USW WT-24. Submittal date: 01/31/2000. 
162599 
GS000308313211.001. Geochemistry of Repository Block. Submittal 
date: 03/27/2000. 
162015 
GS000308314211.002. Stratigraphic Contacts for Boreholes UE-25 A#1, UE-25 
A#4, USW G-1, USW G-2, USW H-5, USW SD-9, USW SD-12 and USW VH-2. 
Submittal date: 04/28/2000. 
158000 
GS000608314211.003. Stratigraphic Contact for 26 Yucca Mountain Boreholes. 
Submittal date: 04/09/2001. 
161658 
GS980708312242.010. Physical Properties of Borehole Core Samples, and Water 
Potential Measurements Using the Filter Paper Technique, for Borehole Samples 
from USW WT-24. Submittal date: 07/27/1998. 
106752 
GS980808312242.014. Physical Properties of Borehole Core Samples and Water 
Potential Measurements Using the Filter Paper Technique for Borehole Samples 
from USW SD-6. Submittal date: 08/11/1998. 
106748 
LA9908JC831321.001. Mineralogic Model MM3.0 Version 3.0. Submittal 
date: 08/16/1999. 
113495 
MO0004QGFMPICK.000. Lithostratigraphic Contacts from 
MO9811MWDGFM03.000 to be Qualified Under the Data Qualification Plan, 
TDP-NBS-GS-000001. Submittal date: 04/04/2000. 
152554 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 8-5 November 2004 
MO0009THRMODYN.001. Input Transmittal for Thermodynamic Data Input 
Files for Geochemical Calculations. Submittal date: 09/20/2000. 
152576 
MO0012MWDGFM02.002. Geologic Framework Model (GFM2000). Submittal 
date: 12/18/2000. 
153777 
MO0109HYMXPROP.001. Matrix Hydrologic Properties Data. Submittal 
date: 09/17/2001. 
155989 
MO0302SPATHDYN.001. Thermodynamic Data Supporting Spreadsheet 
Files - Data0.YMP.R2. Submittal date: 02/05/2003. 
161886 
MO9510RIB00002.004. RIB Item: Stratigraphic Characteristics: Geologic/ 
Lithologic Stratigraphy. Submittal date: 06/26/1996. 
103801 
MO9901MWDGFM31.000. Geologic Framework Model. Submittal 
date: 01/06/1999. 
103769 
SN0210T0510902.001. Heat Capacity of Yucca Mountain Stratigraphic Units. 
Submittal date: 10/25/2002. 
161244 
SN0303T0510902.002. Revised Heat Capacity of Yucca Mountain Stratigraphic 
Units. Submittal date: 03/28/2003. 
162496 
SN0402T0503102.010. Heat Capacity Values for Lithostratigraphic Layers of 
Yucca Mountain. Submittal date: 02/24/2004. 
170993 
SNF40060298001.001. Unsaturated Zone Lithostratigraphic Contacts in Borehole 
USW SD-6. Submittal date: 10/15/1998. 
107372 
8.4 OUTPUT DATA, LISTED BY DATA TRACKING NUMBER 
SN0307T0510902.003. Updated Heat Capacity of Yucca Mountain Stratigraphic 
Units. Submittal date: 07/15/2003. 
SN0409T0510902.004. Supporting Files For Heat Capacity Analysis Report. 
Submittal date: 09/02/2004. 
8.5 SOFTWARE CODES 
Dynamic Graphics 2000. Software Code: EARTHVISION. V5.1. SGI/IRIX 6.5. 
10174-5.1-00. 
167994 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 8-6 November 2004 
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 November 2004 
APPENDIX A 
HEAT CAPACITY OF THE TEN MINERAL GROUPS 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 November 2004 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 A-1 November 2004 
A listing of heat capacity data for the ten mineral groups is given below. The data have been 
compiled from the sources listed in Table 4-2. This appendix contains the heat capacity 
equation, data source, and molecular weight for each mineral. The applicable temperature range 
for each minerals heat capacity equation is given if it was provided in the data source. For this 
study, the original units of heat capacity have been converted to J/g-K. Output 
DTN: SN0409T0510902.004 contains the Excel spreadsheets used in the development of the 
mineral group heat capacity results presented in this appendix. In all equations given in 
Appendix A, the temperature is in kelvins. The average heat capacity, over a temperature range 
of 25C to 325C, is given for each mineral or mineral group. For minerals clinoptilolite, 
mordenite, chabazite, erionite, stellerite, and analcime, the molecular weights were determined 
using the element atomic weights provided in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 
(Lide 2002 [DIRS 160832], pp. 1-12 and 1-13). 
A1. SMECTITE AND ILLITE 
A1.1 SMECTITE 
Smectite-high-Fe-Mg 
Formula: Ca0.025Na0.1K0.2Fe++0.5Fe+++0.2Mg1.15Al1.25Si3.5H2O12 
Molecular weight (mol. wt.) = 404.198 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT + cT-2 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-1) 
a = 8.97318  10-1 
b = 4.14986  10-4 
c = -1.60343  104 
Temperature limit = 326.85C 
Average Cp = 0.99 [J/g-K] 
NOTE: The specific heat for Smectite-low-Fe-Mg 
(Ca0.02Na0.15K0.29Fe++0.5Fe+++0.16Mg0.9Al1.25Si3.7H2O) is nearly identical. 
Source: DTN: MO0009THRMODYN.001 [DIRS 152576]. 
A1.2 ILLITE 
Formula: K0.6Mg0.25Al2.3Si3.5O10(OH)2 
mol. wt. = 383.901 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT + cT-2 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-2) 
a = 9.37763  10-1 
b = 4.20361  10-4 
c = -1.94214  104 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 A-2 November 2004 
Temperature limit = 326.85C 
Average Cp = 1.02 [J/g-K] 
Source: DTN: MO0009THRMODYN.001 [DIRS 152576]. 
A1.3 GROUP HEAT CAPACITY (SMECTITE + ILLITE) 
The heat capacities of smectite and illite are virtually the same (Figure A-1). Above the water 
table, the smectites typically have nonexpandable illite contents of 10 to 20 percent. Well below 
the water table (depths greater than 1000 meters or 3,300 feet below the surface), the ancient 
geothermal system generated abundant smectite + illite, but with a much higher illite content (80 
to 90 percent) (BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031], Section 6.3.3). The primary area of interest is above 
the water table. In addition, below the water table, the heat capacity behavior will be controlled 
by the fluid phase, not the solid matrix material. Therefore, the heat capacity of the 
smectite-illite mineral group will be represented by smectite, due to their similar heat capacity 
values and because smectite is the dominant mineral above the water table. 
A2. SORPTIVE ZEOLITES 
A2.1 CLINOPTILOLITE 
Formula: Na0.954K0.543Ca0.761Mg0.124Sr0.036Ba0.062Mn0.002Al3.45Fe0.017Si14.533O29.066.17.856H2O 
mol. wt. = 1363.398 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT+ cT2 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-3) 
a = 3.67868  10-2 
b = 4.66812  10-3 
c = -3.38537  10-6 
Temperature limit = 226.85C 
Average Cp = 1.35 [J/g-K] 
Source: DTN: MO0302SPATHDYN.001 [DIRS 161886]. 
A2.2 MORDENITE 
Formula: Ca0.2895Na0.361Al0.94Si5.06O12.3.468H2O 
mol. wt. = 441.847 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT + cT-2 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-4) 
a = 1.19519 
b = 3.67752  10-4 
c = -1.85507  104 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 A-3 November 2004 
Temperature limit = 226.85C 
Average Cp = 1.22 [J/g-K] 
Source: DTN: MO0302SPATHDYN.001 [DIRS 161886]. 
A2.3 CHABAZITE 
Formula: K0.6Na0.2Ca1.5Al3.8Si8.2O24.10.0H2O 
mol. wt. = 985.143 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT-0.5 + cT-2 + dT-3 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-5) 
a = 2.0533 
b = -1.40589  101 
c = -3.06129  104 
d = 4.25785  106 
Average Cp = 1.27 [J/g-K] 
Source: Chipera et al. (1995 [DIRS 100025]). 
A2.4 ERIONITE 
Formula: K1.5Na0.9Ca0.9Al4.2Si13.8O36.13.0H2O 
mol. wt. = 1426.488 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT-0.5 + cT-2 + dT-3 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-6) 
a = 1.99983 
b = -1.34786  101 
c = -3.29780  104 
d = 4.71305  106 
Average Cp = 1.24 [J/g-K] 
Source: Chipera et al. (1995 [DIRS 100025]). 
A2.5 STELLERITE 
Formula: Ca2.0Al4.0Si14O36.14.0H2O 
mol. wt. = 1409.471 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT-0.5 + cT-2 + dT-3 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-7) 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 A-4 November 2004 
a = 2.04839 
b = -1.40670  101 
c = -3.17725  104 
d = 4.44078  106 
Average Cp = 1.26 [J/g-K] 
Source: Chipera et al. (1995 [DIRS 100025]). 
A2.6 GROUP HEAT CAPACITY FOR SORPTIVE ZEOLITES 
For this work, the group heat capacity of sorptive zeolites was obtained by averaging the heat 
capacities of the individual members given in Sections A.2.1 to A.2.5 at specified temperatures. 
Heulandite is a fairly common mineral, but its XRD abundance was combined with clinoptilolite 
because the two minerals have the same crystal structure (BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031], p. 6-21). 
Because no XRD abundance of heulandite is available, its heat capacity was not included in the 
zeolite mineral group average. Due to the similar structure and chemical composition with 
clinoptilolite, not including heulandite in the average will have only a minor impact on the 
average zeolite-mineral-group heat capacity value. Figure A-2 illustrates the heat capacity 
functions of the sorptive zeolites considered in this analysis. 
Average Cp = 1.28 [J/g-K] 
A3. TRIDYMITE 
Formula: SiO2 
mol. wt. = 60.085 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT + cT-0.5 + dT-2 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-8) 
a = 1.24663 
b = 5.15919  10-5 
c = -3.93925 
d = -1.95390  104 
Temperature limit = 117C to 1527C 
Robie et al. (1979 [DIRS 107109], p. 218) reported Equation A-8 to be used within the given 
temperature limit. They also reported a heat capacity value of 0.74228 J/g-K at 25C. 
To determine the average heat capacity for this study, a straight-line interpolation for 
temperatures between 25C and 120C, and Robie et al.s equation for temperatures between 
120C and 325C, were used (Figure A-3). 
Average Cp = 0.96 [J/g-K] 
Source: Robie et al. (1979 [DIRS 107109], p. 218). 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 A-5 November 2004 
A4. CRISTOBALITE AND OPAL-CT 
A4.1 CRISTOBALITE 
Cristobalite (alpha) 
Formula: SiO2 
mol. wt. = 60.084 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT + cT-2 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-9) 
a = 9.73509  10-1 
b = 2.32584  10-4 
c = -2.65313  104 
Temperature limit = 726.85C 
Average Cp = 0.93 [J/g-K] 
Source: DTN: MO0009THRMODYN.001 [DIRS 152576]. 
A4.2 OPAL-CT 
Heat capacity data of opal-CT is not available. 
A4.3 GROUP HEAT CAPACITY (CRISTOBALITE + OPAL-CT) 
In terms of composition, opal-CT is similar to quartz and tridymite. Opal-CT has a composition 
of (SiO2 nH2O), typically with a water content of 4 percent to 9 percent, and that may be as high 
as 20 percent (Klein and Hurlbut 1999 [DIRS 124293], p. 531). Structurally, Opal-CT is a 
hydrous cryptocrystalline form of cristobalite, and is comprised of aggregates of cristobalite 
(Deer et al. 1966 [DIRS 102773], p. 351). Plotting heat capacity curves of compositionally 
similar minerals (cristobalite and quartz) shows that they are almost identical for temperatures 
below 250C, with slight differences for temperatures between 250C and 300C (Figure A-4). 
The heat capacity of the cristobalite and opal-CT mineral group can, therefore, be represented by 
cristobalite. 
A5. QUARTZ 
Quartz (SiO2) 
mol. wt. = 60.084 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT + cT-2 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-10) 
a = 7.81314  10-1 
b = 5.71014  10-4 
c = -1.88017  104 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 A-6 November 2004 
Temperature limit = 574.85C 
Average Cp = 0.93 [J/g-K] 
Source: DTN: MO0009THRMODYN.001 [DIRS 152576]. 
A6. FELDSPARS 
Normative calculations based on a major element analysis (DTN: GS000308313211.001 
[DIRS 162015]) performed in the Enhanced Characterization of the Repository Block (drift) on 
samples from the repository horizon (Tptpul, Tptpmn, Tptpll, and Tptln) indicate that the 
feldspars throughout the sequence would likely be alkali feldspars (Peterman and Cloke 2002 
[DIRS 162576], Table 1). Because of their identical structure and similar composition (Na-K 
solid solution series from albite to orthoclase), the heat capacity for K-feldspar can be used to 
represent the heat capacity of Yucca Mountain feldspars. 
K-Feldspar 
Formula: KAlSi3O8 
mol. wt. = 278.332 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT + cT-2 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-11) 
a = 1.15174 
b = 6.48047  10-5 
c = -4.50145  104 
Temperature limit = 1126.85C 
Average Cp = 0.93 [J/g-K] 
Source: DTN: MO0009THRMODYN.001 [DIRS 152576]. 
A7. VOLCANIC GLASS 
The heat capacity of volcanic glass was approximated by an average value based on the 
following glass compositions: 
Ca3Al2Si3O12, Mg3Al2Si3O12, (Mg1.5Ca1.5)Al2Si3O12, CaSiO3, CaAl2SiO6, CaFeSi2O6, MgSiO3, 
CaMgSi2O6, NaAlSi2O6, KAlSi3O8, NaAlSi3O8, NaAlSiO4 
The heat capacity equations, temperature range of validity, and molecular weights of the 
individual glasses from Robie and Hemingway (1995 [DIRS 153683], pp. 31 to 40, 50, and 58 to 
66) are given below. 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 A-7 November 2004 
A7.1 Ca3Al2Si3O12 
mol. wt. = 450.446 g/mol 
Cp = 0.75303 J/g-K at T = 25C (Eq. A-12) 
A7.2 Mg3Al2Si3O12 
mol. wt. = 403.127 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT + cT-2 + dT-0.5 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-13) 
a = 1.27454 
b = 1.76594  10-4 
c = -1.45289  103 
d = -6.05020 
Temperature limit = 25C to 747C 
A7.3 (Mg1.5Ca1.5)Al2Si3O12 
mol. wt. = 426.787g/mol 
Cp = 0.78 J/g-K at T = 25C (Eq. A-14) 
A7.4 CaSiO3 
mol. wt. = 116.162 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT + cT-2 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-15) 
a = 0.83409 
b = 2.94847  10-4 
c = -1.55300  104 
Temperature limit = 25C to 1548C 
A7.5 CaAl2SiO6 
mol. wt. = 218.123 g/mol 
Cp = 0.76 J/g-K at T = 25C (Eq. A-16) 
A7.6 CaFeSi2O6 
mol. wt. = 248.092 g/mol 
Cp = 0.70 J/g-K at T = 25C (Eq. A-17) 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 A-8 November 2004 
A7.7 CaMgSi2O6 
mol. wt. = 216.55 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT + cT-2 + dT-0.5 + eT2 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-18) 
a = 4.80720 
b = -2.93604  10-3 
c = 3.08335  104 
d = -6.23874  101 
e = 1.25791  10-6 
Temperature limit = 25C to 1127C 
A7.8 MgSiO3 
mol. wt. = 100.389g/mol 
Cp = 0.82 J/g-K at T = 25C (Eq. A-19) 
A7.9 NaAlSi2O6 
mol. wt. = 202.139g/mol 
Cp = 0.82 J/g-K at T = 25C (Eq. A-20) 
A7.10 KAlSi3O8 
mol. wt. = 278.332 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT + cT-2 + dT-0.5 + eT2 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-21) 
a = 2.26169 
b = -3.89463  10-4 
c = 8.96771  103 
d = -2.59043  101 
e = -6.92698  10-8 
Temperature limit = 25C to 1027C 
A7.11 NaAlSi3O8 
mol. wt. = 262.223 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT + cT-2 + dT-0.5 + eT2 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-22) 
a = 3.50084 
b = -1.45830  10-3 
c = 2.01355  104 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 A-9 November 2004 
d = -4.38939  101 
e = 5.62117  10-7 
Temperature limit = 25C to 927C 
A7.12 NaAlSiO4 
mol. wt. = 142.054 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT + cT-2 + dT-0.5 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-23) 
a = 2.23225 
b = -3.0411  10-4 
c = 2.930576  103 
d = -2.28364  101 
Temperature limit = 0C to 760C 
A7.13 AVERAGE HEAT CAPACITY VALUE FOR GLASSES (FROM ROBIE AND 
HEMINGWAY 1995 [DIRS 153683]) 
The average heat capacity value for all of the above glasses over the temperature range of 25C 
to 325C is: 
Average Cp = 0.96 [J/g-K] 
A8. NONSORPTIVE ZEOLITE (ANALCIME) 
Formula: Na0.96Al0.96Si2.04O6.1.0H2O 
mol. wt. = 219.279 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT + cT2 + d T3 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-24) 
a = 1.08369 
b = -2.16292  10-3 
c = 7.59608  10-6 
d = -5.63675  10-9 
Average Cp = 1.13 [J/g-K] 
Source: Johnson et al. (1982 [DIRS 106283], p. 744, Equation 4). 
A9. MUSCOVITE 
The heat capacity for muscovite is available from DTN: MO0009THRMODYN.001 
[DIRS 152576]. A heat capacity value for biotite is not available. Structurally, biotite and 
muscovite are both sheet silicates and, compositionally, they are very similar (biotite is Fe rich, 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 A-10 November 2004 
and muscovite is Al rich (Deer et al. 1966 [DIRS 102773], pp. 201 and 211)). Because of their 
similar structure, the heat capacity of muscovite can be used to represent mica. 
Formula: KAl3Si3O10(OH)2 (muscovite) 
mol. wt. = 398.308 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT + cT-2 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-25) 
a = 1.02481 
b = 2.77107  10-4 
c = -2.67233  104 
Temperature limit = 726.85C 
Average Cp = 1.00 [J/g-K] 
Source: DTN: MO0009THRMODYN.001 [DIRS 152576]. 
A10. CALCITE 
Formula: CaCO3 
mol. wt. = 100.087 g/mol 
Cp = a + bT + cT-2 [J/g-K] (Eq. A-26) 
a = 1.04425 
b = 2.19051  10-4 
c = -2.59183  104 
Temperature limit = 926.85C 
Average Cp = 1.00 [J/g-K] 
Source: DTN: MO0009THRMODYN.001 [DIRS 152576]. 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 A-11 November 2004 
Output DTN: SN0409T0510902.004. 
Figure A-1. Heat Capacity Versus Temperature: Smectite and Illite 
Output DTN: SN0409T0510902.004. 
Figure A-2. Heat Capacity Versus Temperature: Sorptive Zeolites 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 A-12 November 2004 
Output DTN: SN0409T0510902.004. 
Figure A-3. Heat Capacity Versus Temperature: Tridymite 
Output DTN: SN0409T0510902.004. 
Figure A-4. Heat Capacity Versus Temperature: Cristobalite-Alpha and Quartz 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 November 2004 
APPENDIX B 
COMPARISON OF DEVELOPED HEAT CAPACITY VALUES 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 November 2004 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 B-1 November 2004 
Data from four DTNs that provide rock-grain heat capacity values are shown in Table B-1: 
SN0402T0503102.010 [DIRS 170993], 
SN0210T0510902.001 [DIRS 161244], 
SN0303T0510902.002 [DIRS 162496], and 
SN0307T0510902.003 (output DTN). 
DTN: SN0402T0503102.010 [DIRS 170993] was developed based on major element (oxide) 
data. 
DTN: SN0210T0510902.001 [DIRS 161244] was developed following the mineral summation 
methodology outlined in this analysis report, but does not truncate the rock-grain heat capacity 
based on the precision of the input data. 
DTN: SN0303T0510902.002 [DIRS 162496] records the preliminary data developed following 
the methodology documented by this report. 
Output DTN: SN0307T0510902.003 is documented in the analysis and records changes required 
by the checking process described in AP-SIII.9Q, Scientific Analyses. These corrections and 
changes were minor and did not affect the product output. 
For the four DTNs, the average value and associated uncertainty for two standard deviations of 
each layer are presented. Due to the different types of input data for the first data set, compared 
to the remaining DTNs, the nomenclature for the layers differs. The horizontal lines denote the 
equivalent formation or layer to permit comparison of heat capacity values. Comparing the 
major element (oxide) data and the mineral summation data in Table B-1 shows that the two 
methods give similar results for the average rock-grain heat capacity over the temperature range 
of 25C to 325C. However, the estimates for standard deviation are, in general, higher for the 
mineral summation method when compared to the major-element (oxide) method suggesting a 
little greater spread of the obtained heat capacity values. 

ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 B-2 November 2004 
Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
Table B-1. Comparison of Oxide and Mineral Summation Methods for Rock-Grain Heat Capacity 
DTN: SN0402T0503102.010 
[DIRS 170993] 
based on major element oxide data 
DTN: SN0210T0510902.001 
[DIRS 161244] 
based on mineral summation method 
DTN: SN0303T0510902.002 
[DIRS 162496] 
based on the method of this report 
DTN: SN0307T0510902.003 
(output DTN) 
incorporates corrections and changes 
required by the checking process 
per AP-SIII.9Q 
Model Layer 
Average Rock-Grain 
Heat Capacity for 
T=25C to 325C 
(J/g-K)a 
Two Standard 
Deviations of Rock- 
Grain Heat Capacity 
(J/g-K)b 
Model Layer 
Average Rock-Grain 
Heat Capacity for 
T=25C to 325C 
(J/g-K) 
Two Standard 
Deviations of Rock- 
Grain Heat Capacity 
(J/g-K) 
Model Layer 
Average Rock-Grain 
Heat Capacity for 
T=25C to 325C 
(J/g-K) 
Two Standard 
Deviations of Rock- 
Grain Heat Capacity 
(J/g-K) 
Model Layer 
Average Rock-Grain 
Heat Capacity for 
T=25C to 325C 
(J/g-K) 
Two Standard 
Deviations of Rock- 
Grain Heat Capacity 
(J/g-K) 
Crystal Rich 
Tiva/Post-Tiva 
0.985 0.202 Tpc_un 0.934 0.2 Tpc_un 0.93 0.32 Tpc_un 0.93 0.22 
Tpcp 0.985 0.202 
TpcLD 0.985 0.202 
Tpcpv3 1.040 0.254 Tpcpv23 0.958 0.4 Tpcpv3- 
Tpcpv2 
0.95 0.28 Tpcpv3- 
Tpcpv2 
0.95 0.22 
Tpcpv2 1.040 0.254 
Tpcpv1 1.040 0.254 
Tpbt4 1.040 0.254 PTn 0.966 0.4 PTn 0.96 0.58 PTn 0.96 0.46 
Yucca 1.040 0.254 
Tpbt3_dc 1.040 0.254 
Pah 1.040 0.254 
Tpbt2 1.040 0.254 
Tptrv3 1.040 0.254 
Tptrv2 1.040 0.254 
Tptrv1 1.040 0.254 Tptrv1 0.961 0.4 Tptrv1 0.95 0.28 Tptrv1 0.95 0.20 
Tptrn 0.985 0.202 Tptrnf 0.937 0.2 Tptrnf 0.93 0.36 Tptrnf 0.93 0.26 
Tptrl 0.985 0.202 Tptpul 0.934 0.2 Tptpul 0.93 0.32 Tptpul 0.93 0.24 
Tptf 0.985 0.202 Tptpmn 0.932 0.2 Tptpmn 0.93 0.34 Tptpmn 0.93 0.28 
Tptpll 0.933 0.2 Tptpll 0.93 0.34 Tptpll 0.93 0.20 
Tptpln 0.933 0.2 Tptpln 0.93 0.28 Tptpln 0.93 0.26 
Tptpv3 1.040 0.254 Tptpv3 0.98 0.56 Tptpv3 0.98 0.48 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 B-3 November 2004 
Table B-1. Comparison of Oxide and Mineral Summation Methods for Rock-Grain Heat Capacity (Continued) 
DTN: SN0402T0503102.010 
[DIRS 170993] 
based on major element oxide data 
DTN: SN0210T0510902.001 
[DIRS 161244] 
based on mineral summation method 
DTN: SN0303T0510902.002 
[DIRS 162496] 
based on the method of this report 
DTN: SN0307T0510902.003 
(output DTN) 
incorporates corrections and changes 
required by the checking process 
per AP-SIII.9Q 
Model Layer 
Average Rock-Grain 
Heat Capacity for 
T=25C to 325C 
(J/g-K)a 
Two Standard 
Deviations of Rock- 
Grain Heat Capacity 
(J/g-K)b 
Model Layer 
Average Rock-Grain 
Heat Capacity for 
T=25C to 325C 
(J/g-K) 
Two Standard 
Deviations of Rock- 
Grain Heat Capacity 
(J/g-K) 
Model Layer 
Average Rock-Grain 
Heat Capacity for 
T=25C to 325C 
(J/g-K) 
Two Standard 
Deviations of Rock- 
Grain Heat Capacity 
(J/g-K) 
Model Layer 
Average Rock-Grain 
Heat Capacity for 
T=25C to 325C 
(J/g-K) 
Two Standard 
Deviations of Rock- 
Grain Heat Capacity 
(J/g-K) 
Tptpv2 1.040 0.254 Tptpv2 0.98 0.44 Tptpv2 0.98 0.38 
Tptpv1 1.040 0.254 Tptpv1- 
Tpbt1 
1.08 0.94 Tptpv1- 
Tpbt1 
1.08 0.84 
Tpbt1 1.040 0.254 
Calico 1.038 0.176 Tac4 1.07 0.94 Tac4 1.07 0.84 
Tac3 1.07 0.84 Tac3 1.07 0.76 
Tac2 1.08 0.82 Tac2 1.07 0.72 
Tac1 1.08 0.80 Tac1 1.07 0.70 
Calicobt 1.038 0.176 Tacbt 1.02 0.54 Tacbt 1.02 0.48 
Prowuv 1.040 0.254 Tcpuv 1.046 0.4 Tcpuv 1.04 0.64 Tcpuv 1.04 0.56 
Prowuc 1.040 0.254 Tcpuclc 0.934 0.2 Tcpuc- 
Tcplc 
0.93 0.34 Tcpuc- 
Tcplc 
0.93 0.26 
Prowmd 0.985 0.202 Tcplvuv 1.107 0.4 Tcplv- 
Tcbuv 
1.11 0.48 Tcplv- 
Tcbuv 
1.10 0.38 
Prowlc 1.040 0.254 
Prowlv 1.040 0.254 
Prowbt 1.040 0.254 
Bullfroguv 1.040 0.254 Tcbuclc 0.935 0.2 Tcbuc- 
Tcblc 
0.93 0.30 Tcbuc- 
Tcblc 
0.93 0.24 
Bullfroguc 1.040 0.254 Tcblvuv 1.05 0.4 Tcblv- 
Tctuv 
1.05 0.52 Tcblv- 
Tctuv 
1.05 0.44 
Bullfrogmd 0.985 0.202 
Bullfroglc 1.040 0.254 

Heat Capacity Analysis Report 
ANL-NBS-GS-000013 REV 01 B-4 November 2004 
Table B-1. Comparison of Oxide and Mineral Summation Methods for Rock-Grain Heat Capacity (Continued) 
DTN: SN0402T0503102.010 
[DIRS 170993] 
based on major element oxide data 
DTN SN0210T0510902.001 
[DIRS 161244] 
based on mineral summation method 
DTN: SN0303T0510902.002 
[DIRS 162496] 
based on the method of this report 
DTN: SN0307T0510902.003 
(output DTN) 
incorporates corrections and changes 
required by the checking process per 
AP-SIII.9Q 
Model Layer 
Average Rock-Grain 
Heat Capacity for 
T=25C to 325C 
(J/g-K)a 
Two Standard 
Deviations of Rock- 
Grain Heat Capacity 
(J/g-K)b 
Model Layer 
Average Rock-Grain 
Heat Capacity for 
T=25C to 325C 
(J/g-K) 
Two Standard 
Deviations of Rock- 
Grain Heat Capacity 
(J/g-K) 
Model Layer 
Average Rock-Grain 
Heat Capacity for 
T=25C to 325C 
(J/g-K) 
Two Standard 
Deviations of Rock- 
Grain Heat Capacity 
(J/g-K) 
Model Layer 
Average Rock-Grain 
Heat Capacity for 
T=25C to 325C 
(J/g-K) 
Two Standard 
Deviations of Rock- 
Grain Heat Capacity 
(J/g-K) 
Bullfroglv 1.040 0.254 
Bullfrogbt 1.040 0.254 
Tramuv 1.040 0.254 Tctuclc 0.936 0.2 Tctuc-- 
Tctlc 
0.94 0.32 Tctuc- 
Tctmd- 
Tctlc 
0.94 0.24 
Tramuc 1.040 0.254 Tctlvbt 0.936 0.2 Tctlv-Tctbt 0.94 0.32 Tctlv-Tctbt 0.94 0.24 
Trammd 0.985 0.202 
Tramlc 1.040 0.254 
Tramlv 1.040 0.254 
Trambt 1.040 0.254 
Tund 0.964 0.2 Tund 0.96 0.34 Tund 0.96 0.26 
a The heat capacity values given in DTN: SN0402T0503102.010 [DIRS 170993] have units of J/kg K. To facilitate the comparison with the values 
given other columns of Table B-1 these values were converted to J/g K. 
b DTN: SN0402T0503102.010 [DIRS 170993] gives the standard deviation of the heat capacity. The standard deviation values given in the DTN 
were multiplied by 2 to obtain the values given in this column.