-CITE-
    18 USC CHAPTER 95 - RACKETEERING                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 95 - RACKETEERING

-HEAD-
                         CHAPTER 95 - RACKETEERING                     

-MISC1-
    Sec.                                                     
    1951.       Interference with commerce by threats or violence.    
    1952.       Interstate and foreign travel or transportation in aid
                 of racketeering enterprises.                         
    1953.       Interstate transportation of wagering paraphernalia.  
    1954.       Offer, acceptance, or solicitation to influence
                 operations of employee benefit plan.                 
    1955.       Prohibition of illegal gambling businesses.           
    1956.       Laundering of monetary instruments.                   
    1957.       Engaging in monetary transactions in property derived
                 from specified unlawful activity.                    
    1958.       Use of interstate commerce facilities in the
                 commission of murder-for-hire.                       
    1959.       Violent crimes in aid of racketeering activity.       
    1960.       Prohibition of unlicensed money transmitting
                 businesses.                                          

                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2001 - Pub. L. 107-56, title III, Sec. 373(c), Oct. 26, 2001, 115
    Stat. 340, substituted "unlicensed" for "illegal" in item 1960.
      1992 - Pub. L. 102-550, title XV, Sec. 1512(b), Oct. 28, 1992,
    106 Stat. 4058, added item 1960.
      1988 - Pub. L. 100-690, title VII, Sec. 7053(c), Nov. 18, 1988,
    102 Stat. 4402, redesignated items 1952A and 1952B as 1958 and
    1959, respectively, and transferred them to the end of the table of
    sections.
      1986 - Pub. L. 99-570, title I, Sec. 1352(b), Oct. 27, 1986, 100
    Stat. 3207-21, added items 1956 and 1957.
      1984 - Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Sec. 1002(b), Oct. 12, 1984, 98
    Stat. 2137, added items 1952A and 1952B.
      1970 - Pub. L. 91-452, title VIII, Sec. 803(b), Oct. 15, 1970, 84
    Stat. 938, added item 1955.
      1962 - Pub. L. 87-420, Sec. 17(f), Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 43,
    added item 1954.
      1961 - Pub. L. 87-228, Sec. 1(b), Sept. 13, 1961, 75 Stat. 499,
    added item 1952.
      Pub. L. 87-218, Sec. 1, Sept. 13, 1961, 75 Stat. 492, added item
    1953.

-End-

-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1951                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 95 - RACKETEERING

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1951. Interference with commerce by threats or violence

-STATUTE-
      (a) Whoever in any way or degree obstructs, delays, or affects
    commerce or the movement of any article or commodity in commerce,
    by robbery or extortion or attempts or conspires so to do, or
    commits or threatens physical violence to any person or property in
    furtherance of a plan or purpose to do anything in violation of
    this section shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more
    than twenty years, or both.
      (b) As used in this section - 
        (1) The term "robbery" means the unlawful taking or obtaining
      of personal property from the person or in the presence of
      another, against his will, by means of actual or threatened
      force, or violence, or fear of injury, immediate or future, to
      his person or property, or property in his custody or possession,
      or the person or property of a relative or member of his family
      or of anyone in his company at the time of the taking or
      obtaining.
        (2) The term "extortion" means the obtaining of property from
      another, with his consent, induced by wrongful use of actual or
      threatened force, violence, or fear, or under color of official
      right.
        (3) The term "commerce" means commerce within the District of
      Columbia, or any Territory or Possession of the United States;
      all commerce between any point in a State, Territory, Possession,
      or the District of Columbia and any point outside thereof; all
      commerce between points within the same State through any place
      outside such State; and all other commerce over which the United
      States has jurisdiction.

      (c) This section shall not be construed to repeal, modify or
    affect section 17 of Title 15, sections 52, 101-115, 151-166 of
    Title 29 or sections 151-188 of Title 45.

-SOURCE-
    (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 103-322, title
    XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

-MISC1-
                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
      Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Secs. 420a-420e-1 (June 18,
    1934, ch. 569, Secs. 1-6, 48 Stat. 979, 980; July 3, 1946, ch. 537,
    60 Stat. 420).
      Section consolidates sections 420a to 420e-1 of Title 18, U.S.C.,
    1940 ed., with changes in phraseology and arrangement necessary to
    effect consolidation.
      Provisions designating offense as felony were omitted as
    unnecessary in view of definitive section 1 of this title. (See
    reviser's note under section 550 of this title.)
      Subsection (c) of the revised section is derived from title II of
    the 1946 amendment. It substitutes references to specific sections
    of the United States Code, 1940 ed., in place of references to
    numerous acts of Congress, in conformity to the style of the
    revision bill. Subsection (c) as rephrased will preclude any
    construction of implied repeal of the specified acts of Congress
    codified in the sections enumerated.
      The words "attempts or conspires so to do" were substituted for
    sections 3 and 4 of the 1946 act, omitting as unnecessary the words
    "participates in an attempt" and the words "or acts in concert with
    another or with others", in view of section 2 of this title which
    makes any person who participates in an unlawful enterprise or aids
    or assists the principal offender, or does anything towards the
    accomplishment of the crime, a principal himself.
      Words "shall, upon conviction thereof," were omitted as
    surplusage, since punishment cannot be imposed until a conviction
    is secured.

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      Sections 101-115 of Title 29, referred to in subsec. (c), is a
    reference to act Mar. 23, 1932, ch. 90, 47 Stat. 70, popularly
    known as the Norris-LaGuardia Act. For complete classification of
    this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section
    101 of Title 29, Labor, and Tables.
      Section 11 of that act, formerly classified to section 111 of
    Title 29, was repealed and reenacted as section 3692 of this title
    by act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, Sec. 21, 62 Stat. 862, eff. Sept. 1,
    1948.
      Section 12 of that act, formerly classified to section 112 of
    Title 29, was repealed by act June 25, 1948, and is covered by rule
    42(b) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, set out in
    Appendix to this title.
      Section 164 of Title 45, included within the reference in subsec.
    (c) to sections 151-188 of Title 45, was repealed by act Oct. 10,
    1940, ch. 851, Sec. 4, 54 Stat. 1111. See section 5 of Title 41,
    Public Contracts.
      Section 186 of Title 45, included within the reference in subsec.
    (c) to sections 151-188 of Title 45, was omitted from the Code.

-MISC2-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1994 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this
    title" for "fined not more than $10,000".

                                SHORT TITLE                            
      This section is popularly known as the "Hobbs Act".

-End-

-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1952                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 95 - RACKETEERING

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1952. Interstate and foreign travel or transportation in aid
      of racketeering enterprises

-STATUTE-
      (a) Whoever travels in interstate or foreign commerce or uses the
    mail or any facility in interstate or foreign commerce, with intent
    to - 
        (1) distribute the proceeds of any unlawful activity; or
        (2) commit any crime of violence to further any unlawful
      activity; or
        (3) otherwise promote, manage, establish, carry on, or
      facilitate the promotion, management, establishment, or carrying
      on, of any unlawful activity,

    and thereafter performs or attempts to perform - 
        (A) an act described in paragraph (1) or (3) shall be fined
      under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both; or
        (B) an act described in paragraph (2) shall be fined under this
      title, imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both, and if
      death results shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for
      life.

      (b) As used in this section (i) "unlawful activity" means (1) any
    business enterprise involving gambling, liquor on which the Federal
    excise tax has not been paid, narcotics or controlled substances
    (as defined in section 102(6) of the Controlled Substances Act), or
    prostitution offenses in violation of the laws of the State in
    which they are committed or of the United States, (2) extortion,
    bribery, or arson in violation of the laws of the State in which
    committed or of the United States, or (3) any act which is
    indictable under subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31, United
    States Code, or under section 1956 or 1957 of this title and (ii)
    the term "State" includes a State of the United States, the
    District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or
    possession of the United States.
      (c) Investigations of violations under this section involving
    liquor shall be conducted under the supervision of the Attorney
    General.

-SOURCE-
    (Added Pub. L. 87-228, Sec. 1(a), Sept. 13, 1961, 75 Stat. 498;
    amended Pub. L. 89-68, July 7, 1965, 79 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 91-513,
    title II, Sec. 701(i)(2), Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1282; Pub. L. 99-
    570, title I, Sec. 1365(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207-35; Pub.
    L. 101-647, title XII, Sec. 1205(i), title XVI, Sec. 1604, Nov. 29,
    1990, 104 Stat. 4831, 4843; Pub. L. 103-322, title XIV, Sec.
    140007(a), title XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108
    Stat. 2033, 2147; Pub. L. 107-296, title XI, Sec. 1112(h), Nov. 25,
    2002, 116 Stat. 2277.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      Section 102(6) of the Controlled Substances Act, referred to in
    subsec. (b)(i)(1), is classified to section 802(6) of Title 21,
    Food and Drugs.

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2002 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107-296 substituted "Attorney
    General" for "Secretary of the Treasury".
      1994 - Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(1)(L), which directed the
    amendment of this section by substituting "under this title" for
    "not more than $10,000", could not be executed because the phrase
    "not more than $10,000" did not appear in text subsequent to
    amendment of subsec. (a) by Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 140007(a). See
    below.
      Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 140007(a), substituted "and
    thereafter performs or attempts to perform - " and subpars. (A) and
    (B) for former concluding provisions which read as follows: "and
    thereafter performs or attempts to perform any of the acts
    specified in subparagraphs (1), (2), and (3), shall be fined not
    more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than five years, or
    both."
      1990 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 1604, inserted "the
    mail or" after "uses" and struck out "including the mail," before
    "with intent" in introductory provisions.
      Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 1205(i), inserted "(i)" after
    "As used in this section" and added cl. (ii).
      1986 - Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 99-570 added cl. (3).
      1970 - Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 91-513, Sec. 701(i)(2)(A),
    inserted "or controlled substances (as defined in section 102(6) of
    the Controlled Substances Act)".
      Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91-513, Sec. 701(i)(2)(B), struck out
    reference to investigations involving narcotics.
      1965 - Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 89-68 made section applicable to
    travel in aid of arson.

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENT                 
      Amendment by Pub. L. 107-296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25,
    2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107-296, set out as an Effective
    Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1970 AMENDMENT                 
      Amendment by Pub. L. 91-513 effective on first day of seventh
    calendar month that begins after Oct. 26, 1970, see section 704 of
    Pub. L. 91-513, set out as an Effective Date note under section 801
    of Title 21, Food and Drugs.

                             SAVINGS PROVISION                         
      Amendment by Pub. L. 91-513 not to affect or abate any
    prosecutions for any violation of law or any civil seizures or
    forfeitures and injunctive proceedings commenced prior to the
    effective date of such amendment, and all administrative
    proceedings pending before the former Bureau of Narcotics and
    Dangerous Drugs on Oct. 27, 1970, were to be continued and brought
    to final determination in accord with laws and regulations in
    effect prior to Oct. 27, 1970, see section 702 of Pub. L. 91-513,
    set out as a Savings Provision note under section 321 of Title 21,
    Food and Drugs.

-End-

-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1952A                                           01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 95 - RACKETEERING

-HEAD-
    [Sec. 1952A. Renumbered Sec. 1958]
-STATUTE-

-End-

-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1952B                                           01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 95 - RACKETEERING

-HEAD-
    [Sec. 1952B. Renumbered Sec. 1959]
-STATUTE-

-End-

-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1953                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 95 - RACKETEERING

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1953. Interstate transportation of wagering paraphernalia

-STATUTE-
      (a) Whoever, except a common carrier in the usual course of its
    business, knowingly carries or sends in interstate or foreign
    commerce any record, paraphernalia, ticket, certificate, bills,
    slip, token, paper, writing, or other device used, or to be used,
    or adapted, devised, or designed for use in (a) bookmaking; or (b)
    wagering pools with respect to a sporting event; or (c) in a
    numbers, policy, bolita, or similar game shall be fined under this
    title or imprisoned for not more than five years or both.
      (b) This section shall not apply to (1) parimutuel betting
    equipment, parimutuel tickets where legally acquired, or parimutuel
    materials used or designed for use at racetracks or other sporting
    events in connection with which betting is legal under applicable
    State law, or (2) the transportation of betting materials to be
    used in the placing of bets or wagers on a sporting event into a
    State in which such betting is legal under the statutes of that
    State, or (3) the carriage or transportation in interstate or
    foreign commerce of any newspaper or similar publication, or (4)
    equipment, tickets, or materials used or designed for use within a
    State in a lottery conducted by that State acting under authority
    of State law, or (5) the transportation in foreign commerce to a
    destination in a foreign country of equipment, tickets, or
    materials designed to be used within that foreign country in a
    lottery which is authorized by the laws of that foreign country.
      (c) Nothing contained in this section shall create immunity from
    criminal prosecution under any laws of any State, Commonwealth of
    Puerto Rico, territory, possession, or the District of Columbia.
      (d) For the purposes of this section (1) "State" means a State of
    the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of
    Puerto Rico, or any territory or possession of the United States;
    and (2) "foreign country" means any empire, country, dominion,
    colony, or protectorate, or any subdivision thereof (other than the
    United States, its territories or possessions).
      (e) For the purposes of this section "lottery" means the pooling
    of proceeds derived from the sale of tickets or chances and
    allotting those proceeds or parts thereof by chance to one or more
    chance takers or ticket purchasers. "Lottery" does not include the
    placing or accepting of bets or wagers on sporting events or
    contests.

-SOURCE-
    (Added Pub. L. 87-218, Sec. 1, Sept. 13, 1961, 75 Stat. 492;
    amended Pub. L. 93-583, Sec. 3, Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1916; Pub.
    L. 96-90, Sec. 2, Oct. 23, 1979, 93 Stat. 698; Pub. L. 103-322,
    title XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1994 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this
    title" for "fined not more than $10,000".
      1979 - Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 96-90, Sec. 2(1), added cl. (5).
      Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 96-90, Sec. 2(2), added subsecs. (d)
    and (e).
      1975 - Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 93-583 added cl. (4).

-End-

-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1954                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 95 - RACKETEERING

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1954. Offer, acceptance, or solicitation to influence
      operations of employee benefit plan

-STATUTE-
      Whoever being - 
        (1) an administrator, officer, trustee, custodian, counsel,
      agent, or employee of any employee welfare benefit plan or
      employee pension benefit plan; or
        (2) an officer, counsel, agent, or employee of an employer or
      an employer any of whose employees are covered by such plan; or
        (3) an officer, counsel, agent, or employee of an employee
      organization any of whose members are covered by such plan; or
        (4) a person who, or an officer, counsel, agent, or employee of
      an organization which, provides benefit plan services to such
      plan

    receives or agrees to receive or solicits any fee, kickback,
    commission, gift, loan, money, or thing of value because of or with
    intent to be influenced with respect to, any of the actions,
    decisions, or other duties relating to any question or matter
    concerning such plan or any person who directly or indirectly gives
    or offers, or promises to give or offer, any fee, kickback,
    commission, gift, loan, money, or thing of value prohibited by this
    section, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more
    than three years, or both: Provided, That this section shall not
    prohibit the payment to or acceptance by any person of bona fide
    salary, compensation, or other payments made for goods or
    facilities actually furnished or for services actually performed in
    the regular course of his duties as such person, administrator,
    officer, trustee, custodian, counsel, agent, or employee of such
    plan, employer, employee organization, or organization providing
    benefit plan services to such plan.
      As used in this section, the term (a) "any employee welfare
    benefit plan" or "employee pension benefit plan" means any employee
    welfare benefit plan or employee pension benefit plan,
    respectively, subject to any provision of title I of the Employee
    Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, and (b) "employee
    organization" and "administrator" as defined respectively in
    sections 3(4) and (3)(16) of the Employee Retirement Income
    Security Act of 1974.

-SOURCE-
    (Added Pub. L. 87-420, Sec. 17(e), Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 42;
    amended Pub. L. 91-452, title II, Sec. 225, Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat.
    930; Pub. L. 93-406, title I, Sec. 111(a)(2)(C), Sept. 2, 1974, 88
    Stat. 852; Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(L), Sept.
    13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, referred to
    in text, is Pub. L. 93-406, Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 829, as
    amended. Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
    1974, referred to in text, is classified generally to subchapter I
    (Sec. 1001 et seq.) of chapter 18 of Title 29, Labor. For complete
    classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set
    out under section 1001 of Title 29 and Tables.
      Section 3(4) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
    1974, referred to in text, is classified to section 1002(4) of
    Title 29.
      Section (3)(16) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
    1974, referred to in text, probably means section 3(16) of the
    Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, which is
    classified to section 1002(16) of Title 29.

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1994 - Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this title" for
    "fined not more than $10,000" in first par.
      1974 - Pub. L. 93-406 substituted "any employee welfare benefit
    plan or employee pension benefit plan, respectively, subject to any
    provision of title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act
    of 1974" for "any such plan subject to the provisions of the
    Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act, as amended" and "sections
    3(4) and (3)(16) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
    1974" for "sections 3(3) and 5(b)(1) and (2) of the Welfare and
    Pension Plans Disclosure Act, as amended".
      1970 - Pub. L. 91-452 struck out letter designation "(a)"
    preceding first sentence and struck out subsec. (b) which related
    to the immunity from prosecution of any witness compelled to
    testify or produce evidence after claiming his privilege against
    self-incrimination. See section 6001 et seq. of this title.

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1974 AMENDMENT                 
      Amendment by Pub. L. 93-406 effective Jan. 1, 1975, except as
    provided in section 1031(b)(2) of Title 29, Labor, see section 1031
    of Title 29.

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1970 AMENDMENT                 
      Amendment by Pub. L. 91-452 effective on sixtieth day following
    Oct. 15, 1970, and not to affect any immunity to which any
    individual is entitled under this section by reason of any
    testimony given before sixtieth day following Oct. 15, 1970, see
    section 260 of Pub. L. 91-452, set out as an Effective Date;
    Savings Provision note under sections 6001 of this title.

                              EFFECTIVE DATE                          
      Section effective 90 days after Mar. 20, 1962, see section 19 of
    Pub. L. 87-420, set out as a note under section 664 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1955                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 95 - RACKETEERING

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1955. Prohibition of illegal gambling businesses

-STATUTE-
      (a) Whoever conducts, finances, manages, supervises, directs, or
    owns all or part of an illegal gambling business shall be fined
    under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
      (b) As used in this section - 
        (1) "illegal gambling business" means a gambling business which
      - 
          (i) is a violation of the law of a State or political
        subdivision in which it is conducted;
          (ii) involves five or more persons who conduct, finance,
        manage, supervise, direct, or own all or part of such business;
        and
          (iii) has been or remains in substantially continuous
        operation for a period in excess of thirty days or has a gross
        revenue of $2,000 in any single day.

        (2) "gambling" includes but is not limited to pool-selling,
      bookmaking, maintaining slot machines, roulette wheels or dice
      tables, and conducting lotteries, policy, bolita or numbers
      games, or selling chances therein.
        (3) "State" means any State of the United States, the District
      of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any territory
      or possession of the United States.

      (c) If five or more persons conduct, finance, manage, supervise,
    direct, or own all or part of a gambling business and such business
    operates for two or more successive days, then, for the purpose of
    obtaining warrants for arrests, interceptions, and other searches
    and seizures, probable cause that the business receives gross
    revenue in excess of $2,000 in any single day shall be deemed to
    have been established.
      (d) Any property, including money, used in violation of the
    provisions of this section may be seized and forfeited to the
    United States. All provisions of law relating to the seizures,
    summary, and judicial forfeiture procedures, and condemnation of
    vessels, vehicles, merchandise, and baggage for violation of the
    customs laws; the disposition of such vessels, vehicles,
    merchandise, and baggage or the proceeds from such sale; the
    remission or mitigation of such forfeitures; and the compromise of
    claims and the award of compensation to informers in respect of
    such forfeitures shall apply to seizures and forfeitures incurred
    or alleged to have been incurred under the provisions of this
    section, insofar as applicable and not inconsistent with such
    provisions. Such duties as are imposed upon the collector of
    customs or any other person in respect to the seizure and
    forfeiture of vessels, vehicles, merchandise, and baggage under the
    customs laws shall be performed with respect to seizures and
    forfeitures of property used or intended for use in violation of
    this section by such officers, agents, or other persons as may be
    designated for that purpose by the Attorney General.
      (e) This section shall not apply to any bingo game, lottery, or
    similar game of chance conducted by an organization exempt from tax
    under paragraph (3) of subsection (c) of section 501 of the
    Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, if no part of the gross
    receipts derived from such activity inures to the benefits of any
    private shareholder, member, or employee of such organization
    except as compensation for actual expenses incurred by him in the
    conduct of such activity.

-SOURCE-
    (Added Pub. L. 91-452, title VIII, Sec. 803(a), Oct. 15, 1970, 84
    Stat. 937; amended Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat.
    2095; Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(N), Sept. 13,
    1994, 108 Stat. 2148.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      The customs laws, referred to in subsec. (d), are classified
    generally to Title 19, Customs Duties.
      Paragraph (3) of subsection (c) of section 501 of the Internal
    Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (e), is classified to
    section 501(c)(3) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1994 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this
    title" for "fined not more than $20,000".
      1986 - Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99-514 substituted "Internal Revenue
    Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".

-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      Offices of collector of customs, comptroller of customs, surveyor
    of customs, and appraiser of merchandise in Bureau of Customs of
    Department of the Treasury to which appointments were required to
    be made by President with advice and consent of Senate ordered
    abolished, with such offices to be terminated not later than Dec.
    31, 1966, by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1965, eff. May 25, 1965, 30 F.R.
    7035, 79 Stat. 1317, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government
    Organization and Employees. Functions of offices eliminated were
    already vested in Secretary of the Treasury by Reorg. Plan No. 26
    of 1950, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out
    in the Appendix to Title 5.

-MISC2-
                 NATIONAL GAMBLING IMPACT STUDY COMMISSION             
      Pub. L. 104-169, Aug. 3, 1996, 110 Stat. 1482, as amended by Pub.
    L. 105-30, Sec. 1, July 25, 1997, 111 Stat. 248, established the
    National Gambling Impact Study Commission to conduct a
    comprehensive legal and factual study of the social and economic
    impacts of gambling in the United States on Federal, State, local,
    and Native American tribal governments, as well as on communities
    and social institutions generally, including individuals, families,
    and businesses within such communities and institutions, and to
    submit a report, not later than two years after its first meeting,
    to the President, the Congress, State Governors, and Native
    American tribal governments containing the Commission's findings
    and conclusions, together with any recommendations of the
    Commission, and further provided for membership of the Commission,
    meetings, powers and duties of the Commission, personnel matters,
    contracts for research with the Advisory Commission on
    Intergovernmental Relations and the National Research Council,
    definitions, appropriations, and termination of the Commission 60
    days after submission of its final report.

                          PRIORITY OF STATE LAWS                      
      Enactment of this section as not indicating an intent on the part
    of the Congress to occupy the field in which this section operates
    to the exclusion of State of local law on the same subject matter,
    or to relieve any person of any obligation imposed by any State or
    local law, see section 811 of Pub. L. 91-452, set out as a Priority
    of State Laws note under section 1511 of this title.

          COMMISSION ON REVIEW OF NATIONAL POLICY TOWARD GAMBLING      
      Sections 804-809 of Pub. L. 91-452 established Commission on
    Review of National Policy Toward Gambling, provided for its
    membership and compensation of members and staff, empowered
    Commission to subpoena witnesses and grant immunity, required
    Commission to make a study of gambling in United States and
    existing Federal, State, and local policy and practices with
    respect to prohibition and taxation of gambling activities and to
    make a final report of its findings and recommendations to
    President and to Congress within four years of its establishment,
    and provided for its termination sixty days after submission of
    final report.

-End-

-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1956                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 95 - RACKETEERING

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1956. Laundering of monetary instruments

-STATUTE-
      (a)(1) Whoever, knowing that the property involved in a financial
    transaction represents the proceeds of some form of unlawful
    activity, conducts or attempts to conduct such a financial
    transaction which in fact involves the proceeds of specified
    unlawful activity - 
        (A)(i) with the intent to promote the carrying on of specified
      unlawful activity; or
        (ii) with intent to engage in conduct constituting a violation
      of section 7201 or 7206 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; or
        (B) knowing that the transaction is designed in whole or in
      part - 
          (i) to conceal or disguise the nature, the location, the
        source, the ownership, or the control of the proceeds of
        specified unlawful activity; or
          (ii) to avoid a transaction reporting requirement under State
        or Federal law,

    shall be sentenced to a fine of not more than $500,000 or twice the
    value of the property involved in the transaction, whichever is
    greater, or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both.
    For purposes of this paragraph, a financial transaction shall be
    considered to be one involving the proceeds of specified unlawful
    activity if it is part of a set of parallel or dependent
    transactions, any one of which involves the proceeds of specified
    unlawful activity, and all of which are part of a single plan or
    arrangement.
      (2) Whoever transports, transmits, or transfers, or attempts to
    transport, transmit, or transfer a monetary instrument or funds
    from a place in the United States to or through a place outside the
    United States or to a place in the United States from or through a
    place outside the United States - 
        (A) with the intent to promote the carrying on of specified
      unlawful activity; or
        (B) knowing that the monetary instrument or funds involved in
      the transportation, transmission, or transfer represent the
      proceeds of some form of unlawful activity and knowing that such
      transportation, transmission, or transfer is designed in whole or
      in part - 
          (i) to conceal or disguise the nature, the location, the
        source, the ownership, or the control of the proceeds of
        specified unlawful activity; or
          (ii) to avoid a transaction reporting requirement under State
        or Federal law,

    shall be sentenced to a fine of not more than $500,000 or twice the
    value of the monetary instrument or funds involved in the
    transportation, transmission, or transfer, whichever is greater, or
    imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both. For the
    purpose of the offense described in subparagraph (B), the
    defendant's knowledge may be established by proof that a law
    enforcement officer represented the matter specified in
    subparagraph (B) as true, and the defendant's subsequent statements
    or actions indicate that the defendant believed such
    representations to be true.
      (3) Whoever, with the intent - 
        (A) to promote the carrying on of specified unlawful activity;
        (B) to conceal or disguise the nature, location, source,
      ownership, or control of property believed to be the proceeds of
      specified unlawful activity; or
        (C) to avoid a transaction reporting requirement under State or
      Federal law,

    conducts or attempts to conduct a financial transaction involving
    property represented to be the proceeds of specified unlawful
    activity, or property used to conduct or facilitate specified
    unlawful activity, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned
    for not more than 20 years, or both. For purposes of this paragraph
    and paragraph (2), the term "represented" means any representation
    made by a law enforcement officer or by another person at the
    direction of, or with the approval of, a Federal official
    authorized to investigate or prosecute violations of this section.
      (b) Penalties. - 
        (1) In general. - Whoever conducts or attempts to conduct a
      transaction described in subsection (a)(1) or (a)(3), or section
      1957, or a transportation, transmission, or transfer described in
      subsection (a)(2), is liable to the United States for a civil
      penalty of not more than the greater of - 
          (A) the value of the property, funds, or monetary instruments
        involved in the transaction; or
          (B) $10,000.

        (2) Jurisdiction over foreign persons. - For purposes of
      adjudicating an action filed or enforcing a penalty ordered under
      this section, the district courts shall have jurisdiction over
      any foreign person, including any financial institution
      authorized under the laws of a foreign country, against whom the
      action is brought, if service of process upon the foreign person
      is made under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or the laws of
      the country in which the foreign person is found, and - 
          (A) the foreign person commits an offense under subsection
        (a) involving a financial transaction that occurs in whole or
        in part in the United States;
          (B) the foreign person converts, to his or her own use,
        property in which the United States has an ownership interest
        by virtue of the entry of an order of forfeiture by a court of
        the United States; or
          (C) the foreign person is a financial institution that
        maintains a bank account at a financial institution in the
        United States.

        (3) Court authority over assets. - A court may issue a pretrial
      restraining order or take any other action necessary to ensure
      that any bank account or other property held by the defendant in
      the United States is available to satisfy a judgment under this
      section.
        (4) Federal receiver. - 
          (A) In general. - A court may appoint a Federal Receiver, in
        accordance with subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, to collect,
        marshal, and take custody, control, and possession of all
        assets of the defendant, wherever located, to satisfy a civil
        judgment under this subsection, a forfeiture judgment under
        section 981 or 982, or a criminal sentence under section 1957
        or subsection (a) of this section, including an order of
        restitution to any victim of a specified unlawful activity.
          (B) Appointment and authority. - A Federal Receiver described
        in subparagraph (A) - 
            (i) may be appointed upon application of a Federal
          prosecutor or a Federal or State regulator, by the court
          having jurisdiction over the defendant in the case;
            (ii) shall be an officer of the court, and the powers of
          the Federal Receiver shall include the powers set out in
          section 754 of title 28, United States Code; and
            (iii) shall have standing equivalent to that of a Federal
          prosecutor for the purpose of submitting requests to obtain
          information regarding the assets of the defendant - 
              (I) from the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the
            Department of the Treasury; or
              (II) from a foreign country pursuant to a mutual legal
            assistance treaty, multilateral agreement, or other
            arrangement for international law enforcement assistance,
            provided that such requests are in accordance with the
            policies and procedures of the Attorney General.

      (c) As used in this section - 
        (1) the term "knowing that the property involved in a financial
      transaction represents the proceeds of some form of unlawful
      activity" means that the person knew the property involved in the
      transaction represented proceeds from some form, though not
      necessarily which form, of activity that constitutes a felony
      under State, Federal, or foreign law, regardless of whether or
      not such activity is specified in paragraph (7);
        (2) the term "conducts" includes initiating, concluding, or
      participating in initiating, or concluding a transaction;
        (3) the term "transaction" includes a purchase, sale, loan,
      pledge, gift, transfer, delivery, or other disposition, and with
      respect to a financial institution includes a deposit,
      withdrawal, transfer between accounts, exchange of currency,
      loan, extension of credit, purchase or sale of any stock, bond,
      certificate of deposit, or other monetary instrument, use of a
      safe deposit box, or any other payment, transfer, or delivery by,
      through, or to a financial institution, by whatever means
      effected;
        (4) the term "financial transaction" means (A) a transaction
      which in any way or degree affects interstate or foreign commerce
      (i) involving the movement of funds by wire or other means or
      (ii) involving one or more monetary instruments, or (iii)
      involving the transfer of title to any real property, vehicle,
      vessel, or aircraft, or (B) a transaction involving the use of a
      financial institution which is engaged in, or the activities of
      which affect, interstate or foreign commerce in any way or
      degree;
        (5) the term "monetary instruments" means (i) coin or currency
      of the United States or of any other country, travelers' checks,
      personal checks, bank checks, and money orders, or (ii)
      investment securities or negotiable instruments, in bearer form
      or otherwise in such form that title thereto passes upon
      delivery;
        (6) the term "financial institution" includes - 
          (A) any financial institution, as defined in section
        5312(a)(2) of title 31, United States Code, or the regulations
        promulgated thereunder; and
          (B) any foreign bank, as defined in section 1 of the
        International Banking Act of 1978 (12 U.S.C. 3101);

        (7) the term "specified unlawful activity" means - 
          (A) any act or activity constituting an offense listed in
        section 1961(1) of this title except an act which is indictable
        under subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31;
          (B) with respect to a financial transaction occurring in
        whole or in part in the United States, an offense against a
        foreign nation involving - 
            (i) the manufacture, importation, sale, or distribution of
          a controlled substance (as such term is defined for the
          purposes of the Controlled Substances Act);
            (ii) murder, kidnapping, robbery, extortion, destruction of
          property by means of explosive or fire, or a crime of
          violence (as defined in section 16);
            (iii) fraud, or any scheme or attempt to defraud, by or
          against a foreign bank (as defined in paragraph 7 of section
          1(b) of the International Banking Act of 1978)); (!1)

            (iv) bribery of a public official, or the misappropriation,
          theft, or embezzlement of public funds by or for the benefit
          of a public official;
            (v) smuggling or export control violations involving - 
              (I) an item controlled on the United States Munitions
            List established under section 38 of the Arms Export
            Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778); or
              (II) an item controlled under regulations under the
            Export Administration Regulations (15 C.F.R. Parts 730-
            774);

            (vi) an offense with respect to which the United States
          would be obligated by a multilateral treaty, either to
          extradite the alleged offender or to submit the case for
          prosecution, if the offender were found within the territory
          of the United States; or
            (vii) trafficking in persons, selling or buying of
          children, sexual exploitation of children, or transporting,
          recruiting or harboring a person, including a child, for
          commercial sex acts;

          (C) any act or acts constituting a continuing criminal
        enterprise, as that term is defined in section 408 of the
        Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 848);
          (D) an offense under section 32 (relating to the destruction
        of aircraft), section 37 (relating to violence at international
        airports), section 115 (relating to influencing, impeding, or
        retaliating against a Federal official by threatening or
        injuring a family member), section 152 (relating to concealment
        of assets; false oaths and claims; bribery), section 175c
        (relating to the variola virus), section 215 (relating to
        commissions or gifts for procuring loans), section 351
        (relating to congressional or Cabinet officer assassination),
        any of sections 500 through 503 (relating to certain
        counterfeiting offenses), section 513 (relating to securities
        of States and private entities), section 541 (relating to goods
        falsely classified), section 542 (relating to entry of goods by
        means of false statements), section 545 (relating to smuggling
        goods into the United States), section 549 (relating to
        removing goods from Customs custody), section 554 (relating to
        smuggling goods from the United States), section 641 (relating
        to public money, property, or records), section 656 (relating
        to theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or
        employee), section 657 (relating to lending, credit, and
        insurance institutions), section 658 (relating to property
        mortgaged or pledged to farm credit agencies), section 666
        (relating to theft or bribery concerning programs receiving
        Federal funds), section 793, 794, or 798 (relating to
        espionage), section 831 (relating to prohibited transactions
        involving nuclear materials), section 844(f) or (i) (relating
        to destruction by explosives or fire of Government property or
        property affecting interstate or foreign commerce), section 875
        (relating to interstate communications), section 922(l)
        (relating to the unlawful importation of firearms), section
        924(n) (relating to firearms trafficking), section 956
        (relating to conspiracy to kill, kidnap, maim, or injure
        certain property in a foreign country), section 1005 (relating
        to fraudulent bank entries), 1006 (!2) (relating to fraudulent
        Federal credit institution entries), 1007 (!2) (relating to
        Federal Deposit Insurance transactions), 1014 (!2) (relating to
        fraudulent loan or credit applications), section 1030 (relating
        to computer fraud and abuse), 1032 (!2) (relating to
        concealment of assets from conservator, receiver, or
        liquidating agent of financial institution), section 1111
        (relating to murder), section 1114 (relating to murder of
        United States law enforcement officials), section 1116
        (relating to murder of foreign officials, official guests, or
        internationally protected persons), section 1201 (relating to
        kidnaping), section 1203 (relating to hostage taking), section
        1361 (relating to willful injury of Government property),
        section 1363 (relating to destruction of property within the
        special maritime and territorial jurisdiction), section 1708
        (theft from the mail), section 1751 (relating to Presidential
        assassination), section 2113 or 2114 (relating to bank and
        postal robbery and theft), section 2280 (relating to violence
        against maritime navigation), section 2281 (relating to
        violence against maritime fixed platforms), section 2319
        (relating to copyright infringement), section 2320 (relating to
        trafficking in counterfeit goods and services), section 2332
        (relating to terrorist acts abroad against United States
        nationals), section 2332a (relating to use of weapons of mass
        destruction), section 2332b (relating to international
        terrorist acts transcending national boundaries), section 2332g
        (relating to missile systems designed to destroy aircraft),
        section 2332h (relating to radiological dispersal devices),
        section 2339A or 2339B (relating to providing material support
        to terrorists), section 2339C (relating to financing of
        terrorism), or section 2339D (relating to receiving military-
        type training from a foreign terrorist organization) of this
        title, section 46502 of title 49, United States Code, a felony
        violation of the Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act of 1988
        (relating to precursor and essential chemicals), section 590 of
        the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1590) (relating to aviation
        smuggling), section 422 of the Controlled Substances Act
        (relating to transportation of drug paraphernalia), section
        38(c) (relating to criminal violations) of the Arms Export
        Control Act, section 11 (relating to violations) of the Export
        Administration Act of 1979, section 206 (relating to penalties)
        of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, section 16
        (relating to offenses and punishment) of the Trading with the
        Enemy Act, any felony violation of section 15 of the Food Stamp
        Act of 1977 (relating to food stamp fraud) involving a quantity
        of coupons having a value of not less than $5,000, any
        violation of section 543(a)(1) of the Housing Act of 1949
        (relating to equity skimming), any felony violation of the
        Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, any felony violation
        of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or section 92 of the
        Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2122) (relating to
        prohibitions governing atomic weapons) (!3)

                           ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES                       
          (E) a felony violation of the Federal Water Pollution Control
        Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), the Ocean Dumping Act (33 U.S.C.
        1401 et seq.), the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships (33
        U.S.C. 1901 et seq.), the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C.
        300f et seq.), or the Resources Conservation and Recovery Act
        (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.); or
          (F) any act or activity constituting an offense involving a
        Federal health care offense;

        (8) the term "State" includes a State of the United States, the
      District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or
      possession of the United States.

      (d) Nothing in this section shall supersede any provision of
    Federal, State, or other law imposing criminal penalties or
    affording civil remedies in addition to those provided for in this
    section.
      (e) Violations of this section may be investigated by such
    components of the Department of Justice as the Attorney General may
    direct, and by such components of the Department of the Treasury as
    the Secretary of the Treasury may direct, as appropriate, and, with
    respect to offenses over which the Department of Homeland Security
    has jurisdiction, by such components of the Department of Homeland
    Security as the Secretary of Homeland Security may direct, and,
    with respect to offenses over which the United States Postal
    Service has jurisdiction, by the Postal Service. Such authority of
    the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Homeland Security,
    and the Postal Service shall be exercised in accordance with an
    agreement which shall be entered into by the Secretary of the
    Treasury, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Postal Service,
    and the Attorney General. Violations of this section involving
    offenses described in paragraph (c)(7)(E) may be investigated by
    such components of the Department of Justice as the Attorney
    General may direct, and the National Enforcement Investigations
    Center of the Environmental Protection Agency.
      (f) There is extraterritorial jurisdiction over the conduct
    prohibited by this section if - 
        (1) the conduct is by a United States citizen or, in the case
      of a non-United States citizen, the conduct occurs in part in the
      United States; and
        (2) the transaction or series of related transactions involves
      funds or monetary instruments of a value exceeding $10,000.

      (g) Notice of Conviction of Financial Institutions. - If any
    financial institution or any officer, director, or employee of any
    financial institution has been found guilty of an offense under
    this section, section 1957 or 1960 of this title, or section 5322
    or 5324 of title 31, the Attorney General shall provide written
    notice of such fact to the appropriate regulatory agency for the
    financial institution.
      (h) Any person who conspires to commit any offense defined in
    this section or section 1957 shall be subject to the same penalties
    as those prescribed for the offense the commission of which was the
    object of the conspiracy.
      (i) Venue. - (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a
    prosecution for an offense under this section or section 1957 may
    be brought in - 
        (A) any district in which the financial or monetary transaction
      is conducted; or
        (B) any district where a prosecution for the underlying
      specified unlawful activity could be brought, if the defendant
      participated in the transfer of the proceeds of the specified
      unlawful activity from that district to the district where the
      financial or monetary transaction is conducted.

      (2) A prosecution for an attempt or conspiracy offense under this
    section or section 1957 may be brought in the district where venue
    would lie for the completed offense under paragraph (1), or in any
    other district where an act in furtherance of the attempt or
    conspiracy took place.
      (3) For purposes of this section, a transfer of funds from 1
    place to another, by wire or any other means, shall constitute a
    single, continuing transaction. Any person who conducts (as that
    term is defined in subsection (c)(2)) any portion of the
    transaction may be charged in any district in which the transaction
    takes place.

-SOURCE-
    (Added Pub. L. 99-570, title I, Sec. 1352(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100
    Stat. 3207-18; amended Pub. L. 100-690, title VI, Secs. 6183, 6465,
    6466, 6469(a)(1), 6471(a), (b), title VII, Sec. 7031, Nov. 18,
    1988, 102 Stat. 4354, 4375, 4377, 4378, 4398; Pub. L. 101-647,
    title I, Secs. 105-108, title XII, Sec. 1205(j), title XIV, Secs.
    1402, 1404, title XXV, Sec. 2506, title XXXV, Sec. 3557, Nov. 29,
    1990, 104 Stat. 4791, 4792, 4831, 4835, 4862, 4927; Pub. L. 102-
    550, title XV, Secs. 1504(c), 1524, 1526(a), 1527(a), 1530, 1531,
    1534, 1536, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4055, 4064-4067; Pub. L. 103-
    322, title XXXII, Sec. 320104(b), title XXXIII, Secs. 330008(2),
    330011(l), 330012, 330019, 330021(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat.
    2111, 2142, 2145, 2146, 2149, 2150; Pub. L. 103-325, title IV,
    Secs. 411(c)(2)(E), 413(c)(1), (d), Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2253-
    2255; Pub. L. 104-132, title VII, Sec. 726, Apr. 24, 1996, 110
    Stat. 1301; Pub. L. 104-191, title II, Sec. 246, Aug. 21, 1996, 110
    Stat. 2018; Pub. L. 104-294, title VI, Secs. 601(f)(6), 604(b)(38),
    Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3499, 3509; Pub. L. 106-569, title VII,
    Sec. 709(a), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3018; Pub. L. 107-56, title
    III, Secs. 315, 317, 318, 376, title VIII, Sec. 805(b), title X,
    Sec. 1004, Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 308, 310, 311, 342, 378, 392;
    Pub. L. 107-273, div. B, title IV, Secs. 4002(a)(11), (b)(5),
    (c)(2), 4005(d)(1), (e), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1807, 1809, 1812,
    1813; Pub. L. 108-458, title VI, Sec. 6909, Dec. 17, 2004, 118
    Stat. 3774; Pub. L. 109-164, title I, Sec. 103(b), Jan. 10, 2006,
    119 Stat. 3563; Pub. L. 109-177, title III, Sec. 311(c), title IV,
    Secs. 403(b), (c)(1), 405, 406(a)(2), 409, Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat.
    242-244, 246.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      Sections 7201 and 7206 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
    referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(A)(ii), are classified, respectively,
    to sections 7201 and 7206 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.
      The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsec.
    (b)(2), are set out in the Appendix to Title 28, Judiciary and
    Judicial Procedure.
      The Controlled Substances Act, referred to in subsec.
    (c)(7)(B)(i), (D), is title II of Pub. L. 91-513, Oct. 27, 1970, 84
    Stat. 1242, as amended, which is classified principally to
    subchapter I (Sec. 801 et seq.) of chapter 13 of Title 21, Food and
    Drugs. Section 422 of the Act is classified to section 863 of Title
    21. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short
    Title note set out under section 801 of Title 21 and Tables.
      The Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act of 1988, referred to
    in subsec. (c)(7)(D), is subtitle A (Sec. 6051-6061) of title VI of
    Pub. L. 100-690, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4312. For complete
    classification of subtitle A to the Code, see Short Title of 1988
    Amendment note set out under section 801 of Title 21, Food and
    Drugs, and Tables.
      Section 38(c) of the Arms Export Control Act, referred to in
    subsec. (c)(7)(D), is classified to section 2778(c) of Title 22,
    Foreign Relations and Intercourse.
      Section 11 of the Export Administration Act of 1979, referred to
    in subsec. (c)(7)(D), is classified to section 2410 of Title 50,
    Appendix, War and National Defense.
      Section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act,
    referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(D), is classified to section 1705 of
    Title 50.
      Section 16 of the Trading with the Enemy Act, referred to in
    subsec. (c)(7)(D), is classified to section 16 of Title 50,
    Appendix.
      Section 15 of the Food Stamp Act of 1977, referred to in subsec.
    (c)(7)(D), is classified to section 2024 of Title 7, Agriculture.
      Section 543(a)(1) of the Housing Act of 1949, referred to in
    subsec. (c)(7)(D), is classified to section 1490s(a)(1) of Title
    42, The Public Health and Welfare.
      The Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, referred to in
    subsec. (c)(7)(D), is act June 8, 1938, ch. 327, 52 Stat. 631, as
    amended, which is classified generally to subchapter II (Sec.  611
    et seq.) of chapter 11 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and
    Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code,
    see Short Title note set out under section 611 of Title 22 and
    Tables.
      The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, referred to in subsec.
    (c)(7)(D), probably means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of
    1977, title I of Pub. L. 95-213, Dec. 19, 1977, 91 Stat. 1494, as
    amended, which enacted sections 78dd-1 to 78dd-3 of Title 15,
    Commerce and Trade, and amended sections 78m and 78ff of Title 15.
    For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short
    Title of 1977 Amendment note set out under section 78a of Title 15
    and Tables.
      The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, referred to in subsec.
    (c)(7)(E), is act June 30, 1948, ch. 758, as amended generally by
    Pub. L. 92-500, Sec. 2, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 816, which is
    classified generally to chapter 26 (Sec. 1251 et seq.) of Title 33,
    Navigation and Navigable Waters. For complete classification of
    this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section
    1251 of Title 33 and Tables.
      The Ocean Dumping Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(E), probably
    means title I of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries
    Act of 1972, Pub. L. 92-532, Oct. 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 1053, as
    amended, which is classified generally to subchapter I (Sec. 1411
    et seq.) of chapter 27 of Title 33. For complete classification of
    title I to the Code, see Tables.
      The Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships, referred to in subsec.
    (c)(7)(E), is Pub. L. 96-478, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2297, as
    amended, which is classified principally to chapter 33 (Sec. 1901
    et seq.) of Title 33. For complete classification of this Act to
    the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1901 of Title
    33 and Tables.
      The Safe Drinking Water Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(E), is
    title XIV of act July 1, 1944, as added Dec. 16, 1974, Pub. L. 93-
    523, Sec. 2(a), 88 Stat. 1660, as amended, which is classified
    generally to subchapter XII (Sec. 300f et seq.) of chapter 6A of
    Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete
    classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set
    out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.
      The Resources Conservation and Recovery Act, referred to in
    subsec. (c)(7)(E), probably means the Resource Conservation and
    Recovery Act of 1976, Pub. L. 94-580, Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2796,
    as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 82 (Sec. 6901
    et seq.) of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to
    the Code, see Short Title of 1976 Amendment note set out under
    section 6901 of Title 42 and Tables.

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2006 - Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109-177, Sec. 405, inserted last
    sentence.
      Subsec. (b)(3), (4)(A). Pub. L. 109-177, Sec. 406(a)(2), struck
    out "described in paragraph (2)" after "A court".
      Subsec. (c)(7)(B)(vii). Pub. L. 109-164 added cl. (vii).
      Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 109-177, Sec. 409, inserted ", section
    2339C (relating to financing of terrorism), or section 2339D
    (relating to receiving military-type training from a foreign
    terrorist organization)" after "section 2339A or 2339B (relating to
    providing material support to terrorists)" and struck out "or"
    before "section 2339A or 2339B".
      Pub. L. 109-177, Sec. 403(b), which directed amendment of subsec.
    (c)(7)(D) by substituting "any felony violation of the Foreign
    Corrupt Practices Act" for "or any felony violation of the Foreign
    Corrupt Practices Act", could not be executed because of the
    amendment by Pub. L. 108-458, Sec. 6909(3). See 2004 Amendment note
    below.
      Pub. L. 109-177, Sec. 311(c), inserted "section 554 (relating to
    smuggling goods from the United States)," before "section 641
    (relating to public money, property, or records),".
      Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109-177, Sec. 403(c)(1), amended subsec. (e)
    generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) read as follows:
    "Violations of this section may be investigated by such components
    of the Department of Justice as the Attorney General may direct,
    and by such components of the Department of the Treasury as the
    Secretary of the Treasury may direct, as appropriate and, with
    respect to offenses over which the United States Postal Service has
    jurisdiction, by the Postal Service. Such authority of the
    Secretary of the Treasury and the Postal Service shall be exercised
    in accordance with an agreement which shall be entered into by the
    Secretary of the Treasury, the Postal Service, and the Attorney
    General. Violations of this section involving offenses described in
    paragraph (c)(7)(E) may be investigated by such components of the
    Department of Justice as the Attorney General may direct, and the
    National Enforcement Investigations Center of the Environmental
    Protection Agency."
      2004 - Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 108-458, Sec. 6909(3), struck
    out "or" after "any felony violation of the Foreign Agents
    Registration Act of 1938," and substituted ", or section 92 of the
    Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2122) (relating to
    prohibitions governing atomic weapons)" for semicolon at end.
      Pub. L. 108-458, Sec. 6909(2), which directed the insertion of
    "section 2332g (relating to missile systems designed to destroy
    aircraft), section 2332h (relating to radiological dispersal
    devices)," after "section 2332(b) (relating to international
    terrorist acts transcending national boundaries)," was executed by
    making the insertion after text which contained the words "section
    2332b" rather than "section 2332(b)", to reflect the probable
    intent of Congress.
      Pub. L. 108-458, Sec. 6909(1), inserted "section 175c (relating
    to the variola virus)," before "section 215".
      2002 - Subsec. (c)(6)(B). Pub. L. 107-273, Sec. 4005(d)(1),
    substituted semicolon for period at end.
      Subsec. (c)(7)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 107-273, Sec. 4002(b)(5)(A),
    realigned margins.
      Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 107-273, Sec. 4005(e), repealed Pub.
    L. 107-56, Sec. 805(b). See 2001 Amendment note below.
      Pub. L. 107-273, Sec. 4002(c)(2), substituted "services)," for
    "services),," and "Code," for "Code,,".
      Pub. L. 107-273, Sec. 4002(b)(5)(B), struck out "or" at end.
      Pub. L. 107-273, Sec. 4002(a)(11), made technical corrections to
    directory language of Pub. L. 104-132, Sec. 726(2). See 1996
    Amendment note below.
      Subsec. (c)(7)(E). Pub. L. 107-273, Sec. 4002(b)(5)(C),
    substituted "; or" for period at end.
      Subsec. (c)(7)(F). Pub. L. 107-273, Sec. 4002(b)(5)(D),
    substituted "any" for "Any" and semicolon for period at end.
      2001 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107-56, Sec. 317, inserted subsec.
    heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted
    heading and inserted ", or section 1957" after "or (a)(3)" in
    introductory provisions, redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as
    subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, of par. (1), realigned margins,
    and added pars. (2) to (4).
      Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 107-56, Sec. 318, added par. (6) and
    struck out former par. (6) which read as follows: "the term
    'financial institution' has the definition given that term in
    section 5312(a)(2) of title 31, United States Code, or the
    regulations promulgated thereunder;".
      Subsec. (c)(7)(B). Pub. L. 107-56, Sec. 315(1), substituted
    "destruction of property by means of explosive or fire, or a crime
    of violence (as defined in section 16)" for "or destruction of
    property by means of explosive or fire" in cl. (ii), inserted a
    closing parenthesis after "1978" in cl. (iii), and added cls. (iv)
    to (vi).
      Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 107-56, Sec. 376, inserted "or 2339B"
    after "2339A". Pub. L. 107-56, Sec. 805(b), which amended subpar.
    (D) identically, was repealed by Pub. L. 107-273, Sec. 4005(e).
      Pub. L. 107-56, Sec. 315(2), inserted "section 541 (relating to
    goods falsely classified)," before "section 542", "section 922(l)
    (relating to the unlawful importation of firearms), section 924(n)
    (relating to firearms trafficking)," before "section 956", "section
    1030 (relating to computer fraud and abuse)," before "1032", and
    "any felony violation of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of
    1938," before "or any felony violation of the Foreign Corrupt
    Practices Act".
      Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 107-56, Sec. 1004, added subsec. (i).
      2000 - Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 106-569 inserted "any violation
    of section 543(a)(1) of the Housing Act of 1949 (relating to equity
    skimming)," after "coupons having a value of not less than
    $5,000,".
      1996 - Subsec. (c)(7)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 104-132, Sec. 726(1),
    amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as
    follows: "kidnapping, robbery, or extortion; or".
      Subsec. (c)(7)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 104-294, Sec. 601(f)(6), struck
    out one closing parenthesis after "1978".
      Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 104-294, Sec. 604(b)(38), amended
    directory language of Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 320104(b). See 1994
    Amendment note below.
      Pub. L. 104-132, Sec. 726(2), as amended by Pub. L. 107-273, Sec.
    4002(a)(11), inserted "section 32 (relating to the destruction of
    aircraft), section 37 (relating to violence at international
    airports), section 115 (relating to influencing, impeding, or
    retaliating against a Federal official by threatening or injuring a
    family member)," after "an offense under", "section 351 (relating
    to congressional or Cabinet officer assassination)," after "section
    215 (relating to commissions or gifts for procuring loans),",
    "section 831 (relating to prohibited transactions involving nuclear
    materials), section 844(f) or (i) (relating to destruction by
    explosives or fire of Government property or property affecting
    interstate or foreign commerce)," after "798 (relating to
    espionage),", "section 956 (relating to conspiracy to kill, kidnap,
    maim, or injure certain property in a foreign country)," after
    "section 875 (relating to interstate communications),", "section
    1111 (relating to murder), section 1114 (relating to murder of
    United States law enforcement officials), section 1116 (relating to
    murder of foreign officials, official guests, or internationally
    protected persons)," after "1032 (relating to concealment of assets
    from conservator, receiver, or liquidating agent of financial
    institution),", "section 1361 (relating to willful injury of
    Government property), section 1363 (relating to destruction of
    property within the special maritime and territorial
    jurisdiction)," after "section 1203 (relating to hostage taking),",
    "section 1751 (relating to Presidential assassination)," after
    "1708 (theft from the mail),", "section 2280 (relating to violence
    against maritime navigation), section 2281 (relating to violence
    against maritime fixed platforms)," after "2114 (relating to bank
    and postal robbery and theft),", and substituted "section 2320" for
    "or section 2320" and ", section 2332 (relating to terrorist acts
    abroad against United States nationals), section 2332a (relating to
    use of weapons of mass destruction), section 2332b (relating to
    international terrorist acts transcending national boundaries), or
    section 2339A (relating to providing material support to
    terrorists) of this title, section 46502 of title 49, United States
    Code," for "of this title".
      Subsec. (c)(7)(F). Pub. L. 104-191 added subpar. (F).
      1994 - Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 103-325, Sec. 413(c)(1)(A)(ii),
    substituted "transfer" for "transfer." in concluding provisions and
    two times in subpar. (B).
      Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330019(a)(3), and Pub. L. 103-325, Sec.
    413(c)(1)(A)(i), amended par. (2) identically, inserting "not more
    than" before "$500,000" in concluding provisions.
      Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103-325, Sec. 413(c)(1)(B), inserted "or
    (a)(3)" after "(a)(1)" and substituted "transfer" for "transfer."
      Subsec. (c)(7)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330021(1),
    substituted "kidnapping" for "kidnaping".
      Subsec. (c)(7)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330019(a)(1), and
    Pub. L. 103-325, Sec. 413(c)(1)(C), each amended cl. (iii) by
    inserting a closing parenthesis after "1978".
      Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330019(b), and Pub. L.
    103-325, Sec. 413(c)(1)(D), amended subpar. (D) identically,
    substituting "section 15 of the Food Stamp Act of 1977" for
    "section 9(c) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977".
      Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330011(l), and Pub. L. 103-325, Sec.
    413(d), made identical amendments repealing Pub. L. 101-647, Sec.
    3557(2)(E). See 1990 Amendment note below.
      Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 320104(b), as amended by Pub. L. 104-294,
    Sec. 604(b)(38), substituted "section 2319 (relating to copyright
    infringement), or section 2320 (relating to trafficking in
    counterfeit goods and services)," for "or section 2319 (relating to
    copyright infringement)".
      Subsec. (c)(7)(E). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330012, and Pub. L. 103-
    325, Sec. 413(c)(1)(E), amended subpar. (E) identically, striking
    out second period at end.
      Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330008(2), and Pub. L. 103-
    325, Sec. 413(c)(1)(F), amended subsec. (e) identically,
    substituting "Environmental Protection Agency" for "Evironmental
    Protection Agency".
      Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 103-325, Sec. 411(c)(2)(E), in subsec. (g)
    relating to notice of conviction of financial institutions,
    substituted "section 5322 or 5324 of title 31" for "section 5322 of
    title 31".
      Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330019(a)(2), and Pub. L. 103-325, Sec.
    413(c)(1)(G), made identical amendments redesignating subsec. (g)
    relating to penalty for money laundering conspiracies as (h).
      Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330019(a)(2), and Pub. L. 103-
    325, Sec. 413(c)(1)(G), made identical amendments redesignating
    subsec. (g) relating to penalty for money laundering conspiracies
    as (h).
      1992 - Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1531(a), substituted
    "transportation, transmission, or transfer." for "transportation"
    wherever appearing in subpar. (B) and concluding provisions.
      Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1531(b), in concluding
    provisions, substituted "property represented to be the proceeds"
    for "property represented by a law enforcement officer to be the
    proceeds".
      Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1531(a), substituted
    "transportation, transmission, or transfer." for "transportation"
    in introductory provisions.
      Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1527(a)(2), inserted "use
    of a safe deposit box," before "or any other payment".
      Subsec. (c)(4)(A). Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1527(a)(1), added clause
    (iii), struck out "which in any way or degree affects interstate or
    foreign commerce," after "or aircraft," and inserted "which in any
    way or degree affects interstate or foreign commerce" after "(A) or
    transaction".
      Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1526(a), substituted "or
    the regulations" for "and the regulations".
      Subsec. (c)(7)(B). Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1536, designated part of
    existing provisions as cl. (i) and added cls. (ii) and (iii).
      Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 102-550, Secs. 1524, 1534(1), (2),
    struck out "1341 (relating to mail fraud) or section 1343 (relating
    to wire fraud) affecting a financial institution, section 1344
    (relating to bank fraud)," after "hostage taking),", inserted
    "section 1708 (theft from the mail)," before "section 2113",
    substituted "section 422 of the Controlled Substances Act" for
    "section 1822 of the Mail Order Drug Paraphernalia Control Act (100
    Stat. 3207-51; 21 U.S.C. 857)", and struck out "or" before "section
    16".
      Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1534(3), which directed insertion of ", any
    felony violation of section 9(c) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977
    (relating to food stamp fraud) involving a quantity of coupons
    having a value of not less than $5,000, or any felony violation of
    the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act" before semicolon, was executed
    by making insertion before semicolon at end to reflect the probable
    intent of Congress.
      Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1530, added subsec. (g)
    relating to penalty for money laundering conspiracies.
      Pub. L. 102-550, Sec. 1504(c), added subsec. (g) relating to
    notice of conviction of financial institutions.
      1990 - Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 108(1), inserted at
    end "For the purpose of the offense described in subparagraph (B),
    the defendant's knowledge may be established by proof that a law
    enforcement officer represented the matter specified in
    subparagraph (B) as true, and the defendant's subsequent statements
    or actions indicate that the defendant believed such
    representations to be true."
      Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 108(2), inserted "and
    paragraph (2)" after "this paragraph" in last sentence.
      Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 106, substituted "State,
    Federal, or foreign" for "State or Federal".
      Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 1402, inserted "(A)" before
    "a transaction" the first place it appears, "(B)" before "a
    transaction" the second place it appears, "(i)" before "involving"
    the first place it appears, and "(ii)" before "involving" the
    second place it appears.
      Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 105, amended par. (5)
    generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: "the term
    'monetary instruments' means coin or currency of the United States
    or of any other country, travelers" checks, personal checks, bank
    checks, money orders, investment securities in bearer form or
    otherwise in such form that title thereto passes upon delivery, and
    negotiable instruments in bearer form or otherwise in such form
    that title thereto passes upon delivery;".
      Subsec. (c)(7)(A). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 3557(1), substituted
    "subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31" for "the Currency and
    Foreign Transactions Reporting Act".
      Subsec. (c)(7)(C). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 1404(a)(1), struck out
    "or" at end.
      Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 3557(2)(A)-(D),
    substituted "section 2113" for "or section 2113", substituted
    "theft), or" for "theft) of this title,", inserted "of this title"
    after "2319 (relating to copyright infringement)", and substituted
    "paraphernalia" for "paraphenalia".
      Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 3557(2)(E), which directed the amendment of
    subpar. (D) by striking the final period, was repealed by Pub. L.
    103-322, Sec. 330011(l), and Pub. L. 103-325, Sec. 413(d).
      Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 2506(2), inserted "section 1341 (relating
    to mail fraud) or section 1343 (relating to wire fraud) affecting a
    financial institution," after "section 1203 (relating to hostage
    taking),".
      Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 2506(1), inserted "section 1005 (relating
    to fraudulent bank entries), 1006 (relating to fraudulent Federal
    credit institution entries), 1007 (relating to Federal Deposit
    Insurance transactions), 1014 (relating to fraudulent loan or
    credit applications), 1032 (relating to concealment of assets from
    conservator, receiver, or liquidating agent of financial
    institution)," after "section 875 (relating to interstate
    communications),".
      Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 1404(a)(2), inserted "; or" after "Trading
    with the Enemy Act" at end.
      Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 107, substituted "a felony violation of the
    Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act of 1988" for "section 310 of
    the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 830)".
      Subsec. (c)(7)(E). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 1404(a)(2), amended par.
    (7) by inserting "; or" and subpar. (E) before the period.
      Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 1205(j), added par. (8).
      Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 1404(b), inserted at end
    "Violations of this section involving offenses described in
    paragraph (c)(7)(E) may be investigated by such components of the
    Department of Justice as the Attorney General may direct, and the
    National Enforcement Investigations Center of the Evironmental
    [sic] Protection Agency."
      1988 - Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 6471(a), amended
    subpar. (A) generally, designating existing provisions as cl. (i)
    and adding cl. (ii).
      Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 6471(b), substituted
    "transports, transmits, or transfers, or attempts to transport,
    transmit, or transfer" for "transports or attempts to transport" in
    introductory provisions.
      Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 6465, added par. (3).
      Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7031, substituted
    "section 513" for "section 511" and "section 545" for "section 543"
    and inserted "section 657 (relating to lending, credit, and
    insurance institutions), section 658 (relating to property
    mortgaged or pledged to farm credit agencies),".
      Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 6466, inserted "section 542 (relating to
    entry of goods by means of false statements),", "section 549
    (relating to removing goods from Customs custody),", and "section
    2319 (relating to copyright infringement), section 310 of the
    Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 830) (relating to precursor
    and essential chemicals), section 590 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19
    U.S.C. 1590) (relating to aviation smuggling), section 1822 of the
    Mail Order Drug Paraphernalia Control Act (100 Stat. 3207-51; 21
    U.S.C. 857) (relating to transportation of drug paraphenalia
    [sic]),".
      Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 6183, substituted "section 38(c) (relating
    to criminal violations) of the Arms Export Control Act, section 11
    (relating to violations) of the Export Administration Act of 1979,
    section 206 (relating to penalties) of the International Emergency
    Economic Powers Act, or section 16 (relating to offenses and
    punishment) of the Trading with the Enemy Act." for "section 38 of
    the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778), section 2 (relating
    to criminal penalties) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50
    U.S.C. App. 2401), section 203 (relating to criminal sanctions) of
    the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702),
    or section 3 (relating to criminal violations) of the Trading with
    the Enemy Act (50 U.S.C. App. 3)".
      Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 6469(a)(1), substituted "and,
    with respect to offenses over which the United States Postal
    Service has jurisdiction, by the Postal Service. Such authority of
    the Secretary of the Treasury and the Postal Service shall be
    exercised in accordance with an agreement which shall be entered
    into by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Postal Service, and the
    Attorney General." for ". Such authority of the Secretary of the
    Treasury shall be exercised in accordance with an agreement which
    shall be entered into by the Secretary of the Treasury and the
    Attorney General."

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENT                 
      Pub. L. 107-273, div. B, title IV, Sec. 4002(a)(11), Nov. 2,
    2002, 116 Stat. 1807, provided that the amendment made by section
    4002(a)(11) is effective Apr. 24, 1996.
      Pub. L. 107-273, div. B, title IV, Sec. 4005(e), Nov. 2, 2002,
    116 Stat. 1813, provided that the amendment made by section 4005(e)
    is effective Oct. 26, 2001.

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT                 
      Amendment by section 604(b)(38) of Pub. L. 104-294 effective
    Sept. 13, 1994, see section 604(d) of Pub. L. 104-294, set out as a
    note under section 13 of this title.

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1994 AMENDMENTS                 
      Section 330011(l) of Pub. L. 103-322 and section 413(d) of Pub.
    L. 103-325 provided that the repeal of section 3557(2)(E) of Pub.
    L. 101-647 made by those sections is effective as of the date of
    enactment of Pub. L. 101-647, which was approved Nov. 29, 1990.

-FOOTNOTE-               

    (!1) So in original. The second closing parenthesis probably
         should not appear.

               

    (!2) So in original. Probably should be preceded by "section".

    (!3) So in original. Probably should be followed by a semicolon.

-End-

-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1957                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 95 - RACKETEERING

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1957. Engaging in monetary transactions in property derived
      from specified unlawful activity

-STATUTE-
      (a) Whoever, in any of the circumstances set forth in subsection
    (d), knowingly engages or attempts to engage in a monetary
    transaction in criminally derived property of a value greater than
    $10,000 and is derived from specified unlawful activity, shall be
    punished as provided in subsection (b).
      (b)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the punishment for an
    offense under this section is a fine under title 18, United States
    Code, or imprisonment for not more than ten years or both.
      (2) The court may impose an alternate fine to that imposable
    under paragraph (1) of not more than twice the amount of the
    criminally derived property involved in the transaction.
      (c) In a prosecution for an offense under this section, the
    Government is not required to prove the defendant knew that the
    offense from which the criminally derived property was derived was
    specified unlawful activity.
      (d) The circumstances referred to in subsection (a) are - 
        (1) that the offense under this section takes place in the
      United States or in the special maritime and territorial
      jurisdiction of the United States; or
        (2) that the offense under this section takes place outside the
      United States and such special jurisdiction, but the defendant is
      a United States person (as defined in section 3077 of this title,
      but excluding the class described in paragraph (2)(D) of such
      section).

      (e) Violations of this section may be investigated by such
    components of the Department of Justice as the Attorney General may
    direct, and by such components of the Department of the Treasury as
    the Secretary of the Treasury may direct, as appropriate, and, with
    respect to offenses over which the Department of Homeland Security
    has jurisdiction, by such components of the Department of Homeland
    Security as the Secretary of Homeland Security may direct, and,
    with respect to offenses over which the United States Postal
    Service has jurisdiction, by the Postal Service. Such authority of
    the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Homeland Security,
    and the Postal Service shall be exercised in accordance with an
    agreement which shall be entered into by the Secretary of the
    Treasury, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Postal Service,
    and the Attorney General.
      (f) As used in this section - 
        (1) the term "monetary transaction" means the deposit,
      withdrawal, transfer, or exchange, in or affecting interstate or
      foreign commerce, of funds or a monetary instrument (as defined
      in section 1956(c)(5) of this title) by, through, or to a
      financial institution (as defined in section 1956 of this title),
      including any transaction that would be a financial transaction
      under section 1956(c)(4)(B) of this title, but such term does not
      include any transaction necessary to preserve a person's right to
      representation as guaranteed by the sixth amendment to the
      Constitution;
        (2) the term "criminally derived property" means any property
      constituting, or derived from, proceeds obtained from a criminal
      offense; and
        (3) the term "specified unlawful activity" has the meaning
      given that term in section 1956 of this title.

-SOURCE-
    (Added Pub. L. 99-570, title I, Sec. 1352(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100
    Stat. 3207-21; amended Pub. L. 100-690, title VI, Secs. 6182, 6184,
    6469(a)(2), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4354, 4377; Pub. L. 102-550,
    title XV, Secs. 1526(b), 1527(b), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4065;
    Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, Sec. 330020, Sept. 13, 1994, 108
    Stat. 2149; Pub. L. 103-325, title IV, Sec. 413(c)(2), Sept. 23,
    1994, 108 Stat. 2255; Pub. L. 109-177, title IV, Sec. 403(c)(2),
    Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 243.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2006 - Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109-177 amended subsec. (e)
    generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) read as follows:
    "Violations of this section may be investigated by such components
    of the Department of Justice as the Attorney General may direct,
    and by such components of the Department of the Treasury as the
    Secretary of the Treasury may direct, as appropriate and, with
    respect to offenses over which the United States Postal Service has
    jurisdiction, by the Postal Service. Such authority of the
    Secretary of the Treasury and the Postal Service shall be exercised
    in accordance with an agreement which shall be entered into by the
    Secretary of the Treasury, the Postal Service, and the Attorney
    General."
      1994 - Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330020, and Pub. L.
    103-325, Sec. 413(c)(2), amended par. (1) identically, striking out
    second comma after "(as defined in section 1956 of this title)".
      1992 - Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 102-550 substituted "section 1956
    of this title" for "section 5312 of title 31" and inserted ",
    including any transaction that would be a financial transaction
    under section 1956(c)(4)(B) of this title," before "but such term
    does not include".
      1988 - Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 6469(a)(2), substituted
    "and, with respect to offenses over which the United States Postal
    Service has jurisdiction, by the Postal Service. Such authority of
    the Secretary of the Treasury and the Postal Service shall be
    exercised in accordance with an agreement which shall be entered
    into by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Postal Service, and the
    Attorney General." for ". Such authority of the Secretary of the
    Treasury shall be exercised in accordance with an agreement which
    shall be entered into by the Secretary of the Treasury and the
    Attorney General."
      Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 100-690, Secs. 6182, 6184, substituted
    "in section 1956(c)(5) of this title" for "for the purposes of
    subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31" and inserted ", but such
    term does not include any transaction necessary to preserve a
    person's right to representation as guaranteed by the sixth
    amendment to the Constitution".

-End-

-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1958                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 95 - RACKETEERING

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1958. Use of interstate commerce facilities in the commission
      of murder-for-hire

-STATUTE-
      (a) Whoever travels in or causes another (including the intended
    victim) to travel in interstate or foreign commerce, or uses or
    causes another (including the intended victim) to use the mail or
    any facility of interstate or foreign commerce, with intent that a
    murder be committed in violation of the laws of any State or the
    United States as consideration for the receipt of, or as
    consideration for a promise or agreement to pay, anything of
    pecuniary value, or who conspires to do so, shall be fined under
    this title or imprisoned for not more than ten years, or both; and
    if personal injury results, shall be fined under this title or
    imprisoned for not more than twenty years, or both; and if death
    results, shall be punished by death or life imprisonment, or shall
    be fined not more than $250,000, or both.
      (b) As used in this section and section 1959 - 
        (1) "anything of pecuniary value" means anything of value in
      the form of money, a negotiable instrument, a commercial
      interest, or anything else the primary significance of which is
      economic advantage;
        (2) "facility of interstate or foreign commerce" includes means
      of transportation and communication; and
        (3) "State" includes a State of the United States, the District
      of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of
      the United States.

-SOURCE-
    (Added Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Sec. 1002(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98
    Stat. 2136, Sec. 1952A; renumbered Sec. 1958 and amended Pub. L.
    100-690, title VII, Secs. 7053(a), 7058(b), Nov. 18, 1988, 102
    Stat. 4402, 4403; Pub. L. 101-647, title XII, Sec. 1205(k), title
    XXXV, Sec. 3558, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4831, 4927; Pub. L. 103-
    322, title VI, Sec. 60003(a)(11), title XIV, Sec. 140007(b), title
    XXXII, Sec. 320105, title XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(L), (N), (Q),
    Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1969, 2033, 2111, 2147, 2148; Pub. L. 104-
    294, title VI, Secs. 601(g)(3), 605(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat.
    3500, 3509; Pub. L. 108-458, title VI, Sec. 6704, Dec. 17, 2004,
    118 Stat. 3766.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2004 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108-458, Sec. 6704(1), substituted
    "facility of" for "facility in".
      Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 108-458, Sec. 6704(2), inserted "or
    foreign" after "interstate".
      1996 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104-294 substituted comma for "or who
    conspires to do so" after "or who conspires to do so" and
    substituted "this title or imprisoned" for "this title and
    imprisoned" before "for not more than twenty years".
      1994 - Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(1)(Q), which directed the
    amendment of this section by substituting "under this title" for
    "not more than $50,000", could not be executed because the phrase
    "not more than $50,000" did not appear in text subsequent to
    amendment of subsec. (a) by Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 60003(a)(11). See
    below.
      Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(1)(N), substituted
    "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $20,000" after
    "injury results, shall be".
      Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(1)(L), substituted "fined under this
    title" for "fined not more than $10,000" before "or imprisoned for
    not more than ten years".
      Pub. L. 103-322, Secs. 140007(b), 320105, each amended subsec.
    (a) by inserting "or who conspires to do so" after "anything of
    pecuniary value,".
      Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 60003(a)(11), substituted "and if death
    results, shall be punished by death or life imprisonment, or shall
    be fined not more than $250,000, or both" for "and if death
    results, shall be subject to imprisonment for any term of years or
    for life, or shall be fined not more than $50,000, or both" before
    period at end.
      1990 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 3558, substituted
    "section 1959" for "section 1952B" in introductory provisions.
      Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 1205(k), added par. (3).
      1988 - Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7053(a), renumbered section 1952A of
    this title as this section.
      Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7058(b), substituted "ten
    years" for "five years".

-End-

-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1959                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 95 - RACKETEERING

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1959. Violent crimes in aid of racketeering activity

-STATUTE-
      (a) Whoever, as consideration for the receipt of, or as
    consideration for a promise or agreement to pay, anything of
    pecuniary value from an enterprise engaged in racketeering
    activity, or for the purpose of gaining entrance to or maintaining
    or increasing position in an enterprise engaged in racketeering
    activity, murders, kidnaps, maims, assaults with a dangerous
    weapon, commits assault resulting in serious bodily injury upon, or
    threatens to commit a crime of violence against any individual in
    violation of the laws of any State or the United States, or
    attempts or conspires so to do, shall be punished - 
        (1) for murder, by death or life imprisonment, or a fine under
      this title, or both; and for kidnapping, by imprisonment for any
      term of years or for life, or a fine under this title, or both;
        (2) for maiming, by imprisonment for not more than thirty years
      or a fine under this title, or both;
        (3) for assault with a dangerous weapon or assault resulting in
      serious bodily injury, by imprisonment for not more than twenty
      years or a fine under this title, or both;
        (4) for threatening to commit a crime of violence, by
      imprisonment for not more than five years or a fine under this
      title, or both;
        (5) for attempting or conspiring to commit murder or
      kidnapping, by imprisonment for not more than ten years or a fine
      under this title, or both; and
        (6) for attempting or conspiring to commit a crime involving
      maiming, assault with a dangerous weapon, or assault resulting in
      serious bodily injury, by imprisonment for not more than three
      years or a fine of (!1) under this title, or both.

      (b) As used in this section - 
        (1) "racketeering activity" has the meaning set forth in
      section 1961 of this title; and
        (2) "enterprise" includes any partnership, corporation,
      association, or other legal entity, and any union or group of
      individuals associated in fact although not a legal entity, which
      is engaged in, or the activities of which affect, interstate or
      foreign commerce.

-SOURCE-
    (Added Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Sec. 1002(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98
    Stat. 2137, Sec. 1952B; renumbered Sec. 1959, Pub. L. 100-690,
    title VII, Sec. 7053(b), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4402; Pub. L. 103-
    322, title VI, Sec. 60003(a)(12), title XXXIII, Secs.
    330016(1)(J), (2)(C), 330021(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1969,
    2147, 2148, 2150.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1994 - Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(2)(C),
    substituted "fine under this title" for "fine of not more than
    $250,000" in two places.
      Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 60003(a)(12), amended par. (1) generally.
    Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows:
      "(1) for murder or kidnaping, by imprisonment for any term of
    years or for life or a fine of not more than $50,000, or both;".
      Subsec. (a)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(2)(C),
    substituted "fine under this title" for "fine of not more than
    $30,000" in par. (2), "fine of not more than $20,000" in par. (3),
    and "fine of not more than $5,000" in par. (4).
      Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330021(1), substituted
    "kidnapping" for "kidnaping".
      Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(2)(C), substituted "fine under this
    title" for "fine of not more than $10,000".
      Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(1)(J), substituted
    "under this title" for "not more than $3,000" after "fine of".
      1988 - Pub. L. 100-690 renumbered section 1952B of this title as
    this section.

-FOOTNOTE-
    (!1) So in original. The word "of" probably should not appear.

-End-

-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1960                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 95 - RACKETEERING

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1960. Prohibition of unlicensed money transmitting businesses

-STATUTE-
      (a) Whoever knowingly conducts, controls, manages, supervises,
    directs, or owns all or part of an unlicensed money transmitting
    business, shall be fined in accordance with this title or
    imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.
      (b) As used in this section - 
        (1) the term "unlicensed money transmitting business" means a
      money transmitting business which affects interstate or foreign
      commerce in any manner or degree and - 
          (A) is operated without an appropriate money transmitting
        license in a State where such operation is punishable as a
        misdemeanor or a felony under State law, whether or not the
        defendant knew that the operation was required to be licensed
        or that the operation was so punishable;
          (B) fails to comply with the money transmitting business
        registration requirements under section 5330 of title 31,
        United States Code, or regulations prescribed under such
        section; or
          (C) otherwise involves the transportation or transmission of
        funds that are known to the defendant to have been derived from
        a criminal offense or are intended to be used to promote or
        support unlawful activity;

        (2) the term "money transmitting" includes transferring funds
      on behalf of the public by any and all means including but not
      limited to transfers within this country or to locations abroad
      by wire, check, draft, facsimile, or courier; and
        (3) the term "State" means any State of the United States, the
      District of Columbia, the Northern Mariana Islands, and any
      commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.

-SOURCE-
    (Added Pub. L. 102-550, title XV, Sec. 1512(a), Oct. 28, 1992, 106
    Stat. 4057; amended Pub. L. 103-325, title IV, Sec. 408(c), Sept.
    23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2252; Pub. L. 107-56, title III, Sec. 373(a),
    Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 339; Pub. L. 109-162, title XI, Sec.
    1171(a)(2), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3123.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2006 - Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 109-162 substituted "to be
    used" for "to be used to be used".
      2001 - Pub. L. 107-56 amended section catchline and text
    generally, substituting provisions relating to prohibition of
    unlicensed money transmitting businesses for similar provisions
    relating to prohibition of illegal money transmitting businesses.
      1994 - Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 103-325 amended par. (1)
    generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows:
      "(1) the term 'illegal money transmitting business' means a money
    transmitting business that affects interstate or foreign commerce
    in any manner or degree and which is knowingly operated in a State -
     
        "(A) without the appropriate money transmitting State license;
      and
        "(B) where such operation is punishable as a misdemeanor or a
      felony under State law;".

-End-