Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
      Publication_Date: 091998
      Title: Moth Occurrence Database
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
  Description:
    Abstract: This data set portrays the occurrence of moths in
      counties in the United States. Moth occurrence data are
      cumulative, so positive occurrence data do not necessarily
      imply current residence of the species.  Most records are
      from the last 30 to 40 years, with a few records that date
      from as early as the late 1800's.
    Purpose: The digital data sets are used to create electronic and hard
      copy maps that depict various aspects of the nation.  The data can
      be used to conduct geographic analysis on national and large
      regional scales. The digital data will provide a basis from which
      future revisions of the atlas can be derived.
    Supplemental_Information: This data set must be used together with
      the dBASE IV file mothspt.dbf.  Mothspt.dbf describes the moth
      species to which this occurrence data applies.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 1995
    Currentness_Reference: publication date
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Irregular
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: 172
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -66
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 72
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 18
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: moths
      Theme_Keyword: lepidoptera
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: United States
      Place_Keyword: Alabama
      Place_Keyword: Arkansas
      Place_Keyword: Arizona
      Place_Keyword: California
      Place_Keyword: Colorado
      Place_Keyword: Connecticut
      Place_Keyword: Delaware
      Place_Keyword: Florida
      Place_Keyword: Georgia
      Place_Keyword: Idaho
      Place_Keyword: Iowa
      Place_Keyword: Illinois
      Place_Keyword: Indiana
      Place_Keyword: Kansas
      Place_Keyword: Kentucky
      Place_Keyword: Louisiana
      Place_Keyword: Maine
      Place_Keyword: Massachusetts
      Place_Keyword: Maryland
      Place_Keyword: Michigan
      Place_Keyword: Minnesota
      Place_Keyword: Missouri
      Place_Keyword: Mississippi
      Place_Keyword: Montana
      Place_Keyword: North Carolina
      Place_Keyword: North Dakota
      Place_Keyword: Nebraska
      Place_Keyword: New Hampshire
      Place_Keyword: New Jersey
      Place_Keyword: New Mexico
      Place_Keyword: Nevada
      Place_Keyword: New York
      Place_Keyword: Ohio
      Place_Keyword: Oklahoma
      Place_Keyword: Oregon
      Place_Keyword: Pennsylvania
      Place_Keyword: Rhode Island
      Place_Keyword: South Carolina
      Place_Keyword: South Dakota
      Place_Keyword: Tennessee
      Place_Keyword: Texas
      Place_Keyword: Utah
      Place_Keyword: Vermont
      Place_Keyword: Virginia
      Place_Keyword: Wisconsin
      Place_Keyword: Washington
      Place_Keyword: West Virginia
      Place_Keyword: Wyoming
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: None.  Acknowledgment of the National Atlas of
    the United States of America would be appreciated in products
    derived from these data.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Bruce Wright
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 521 National Center
        City: Reston
        State_or_Province: VA
        Postal_Code: 20192
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-4528
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bwright@usgs.gov
  Data_Set_Credit: The following people and organizations contributed
    to the original data set compiled by the Northern Prairie Wildlife
    Research Center (NPWRC).    Contributors are listed by project.
    Subfamily Heliothentinae of the Noctuidae, Owlet Moths: Data
    contributed by Chuck Harp, Great Falls, Montana. Mailing address:
    3426 St. Johns Ave., Billings, MT 59102.
    Distribution of Saturniidae of Western North America:  The following
    individuals generously provided locality records for the first edition
    and NPWRC thanks them for their invaluable contributions: Ray
    Albright, Donald E. Bowman, Clifford D. Ferris, Paul Hammond,
    Richard C. Holland, Roy O. Kendall, Edward C. Knudson, Boris C.
    Kondratieff, Robert L. Langston, Claude Lemaire, David V.
    McCorkle, Noel McFarland; Stephanie McKown, Raymond W.
    Neck, Harold Rice, Richard C. Rosche, Patrick J. Savage, Jon H.
    Shepard, Michael J. Smith, Steven Spomer, Ray E. Stanford,
    Stephen E. Stone, Andrew D. Warren, Michael J. Weissmann,
    and Kirby L. Wolfe.
    NPWRC thanks curators in the following institutions for access
    to material under their care: Biosystematics Research Centre,
    Ottawa, Ontario; Chadron State College, Chadron, Nebraska;
    C.P. Gillette Museum of Insect Biodiversity, Colorado State
    University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Denver Museum of Natural
    History, Colorado; Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago,
    Illinois; James Entomology Collection, Washington State
    University, Pullman, Washington; Kearney State College,
    Kearney, Nebraska; National Museum of Natural History,
    Washington, D. C.; Oral Roberts University, Tulsa, Oklahoma;
    Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; Pikes Peak Research
    Station, Florissant, Colorado; Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto,
    Ontario; University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; University
    of California, Berkeley, California; University of California,
    Davis, California; University of Kansas; Lawrence, Kansas; W.F.
    Barr Collection, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho.
    Jon H. Shepard recorded data from private collections and
    institutions in the Pacific Northwest and graciously provided them
    for use in this data set. NPWRC gratefully acknowledges the
    individuals and collections who provided data to Mr. Shepard.
    Distribution of Sphingidae of Western North America: The
    following institutional collections were consulted for specimen
    data for this study: Albertson College of Idaho, Caldwell, Idaho;
    Boise State University, Boise, Idaho; California Academy of
    Sciences, San Francisco, California; California Department of
    Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California; Chadron State
    College, Chadron, Nebraska; Colorado State University, Fort
    Collins, Colorado; Denver Museum of Natural History, Denver,
    Colorado; Kearney State College, Kearney, Nebraska; Nevada
    State Museum and Historical Society, Las Vegas, Nevada; New
    Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Oregon
    Department of Agriculture, Salem; Oregon State University,
    Corvallis, Oregon; Pikes Peak Research Station, Florissant,
    Colorado; Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
    San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, California;
    San Jose State University, San Jose, California; United States
    Natural History Museum, Washington, D.C.; University of
    Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; University of California, Berkeley,
    California; University of California, Davis, California;
    University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; University of
    Idaho, Moscow, Idaho; University of Nebraska, Lincoln,
    Nebraska; Utah State University, Logan, Utah; Washington
    State University, Pullman, Washington.
    Information based on specimens from collections curated by
    the following individuals were consulted: George Austin, Las
    Vegas, Nevada; Andre Blanchard (deceased), Houston, Texas;
    Don Bowman, Golden, Colorado; Jim Brock, Tucson, Arizona;
    Neil Dankert, Kearney, Nebraska; Scott Ellis, Fort Collins,
    Colorado; Clifford Ferris, Laramie, Wyoming; Greg Forbes, Las
    Cruces, New Mexico; Chuck Harp, Missoula, Montana;
    Richard Holland, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Roy Kendall, San
    Antonio, Texas; Ed Knudson, Houston, Texas; Robert Langston,
    Kensington, California; Douglas Long (deceased), North Dakota;
    David McCorkle, Monmouth, Oregon; Stephanie McKown,
    Camas, Washington; Noel McFarland, Hereford, Arizona;
    Stephen Miller, Grass Valley, California; Raymond Neck,
    Houston, Texas; John Nelson, Tulsa, Oklahoma; William D.
    Patterson, Sacramento, California; Kelly Richers, Bakersfield,
    California; Richard Rosche, Chadron, Nebraska; David Russell,
    Davis, California; Jon Shepard, Nelson, British Columbia; Jeffrey
    Smith, Rocklyn, California; Michael Smith, Roseville, California;
    Stephen Spomer, Lincoln, Nebraska; Ray Stanford, Denver,
    California.
    Distribution of Saturniidae and Sphingidae of Eastern North
    America: NPWRC  wishes to thank the following individuals who
    provided information on the regional occurrence of eastern U.S.
    and eastern Canadian hawkmoths and silkmoths: James K. Adams,
    Dalton, Georgia; Tom Allen, Elkins, West Virginia; Robert Burnett,
    New York; Linda Butler, Morgantown, West Virginia; Matthew
    Jason Call, Ganby, Connecticut; Everett D. Cashatt, Springfield,
    Illinois; Paul Cavalonte, New York; Charles V. Covell, Jr.,
    Louisville, Kentucky; R. Dirig, Ithaca, New York; Andrew
    Douglass, Traverse City, Michigan; Christopher Douglas, Traverse
    City, Michigan; John F. Douglass, Toledo, Ohio; Leslie A. Ferge,
    Middleton, Wisconsin; Richard C. Fleming, Olivet, Michigan; Ed
    Fuller, Edmonton, Alberta; George Godfrey, Haskell, Oklahoma;
    Thomas Greager, Greensburg, Pennsylvania; Steve Greenfield,
    Dougherty County, Georgia; Frank Gregus, New Jersey; A.J.
    Hanks, Aurora, Ontario; W. Houtz, Pine Grove, Pennsylvania;
    Steven Johnson, Sunbury, Pennsylvania; Boris C. Kondratieff,
    Fort Collins, Colorado; Steven Krauth, Madison, Wisconsin;
    George O. Krizek, Washington, D.C.; James J. Kruse, Kewaskum,
    Wisconsin; W.B. McKillop, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Stephanie
    McKown, Camas, Washington; Peter May, Florida; Jim Mouw,
    Iowa Falls, Iowa; John C. Morse; Troy Payne, Charlottesville,
    Virginia; R.A. Raguso, New Jersey; Ron Rockwell, Kentucky;
    Daniel Sblendorio, Middletown, New Jersey; Arthur Sciaulino,
    Eatontown, New Jersey; John Snyder, Greenville, South Carolina;
    Robert Spevak, Michigan City, Indiana; Rob Stevenson,
    Massachusetts; Theodore N. Taft, Fredonia, New York; Jim
    Taylor, Savannah, Georgia; A.W. Thomas, Fredericton, New
    Brunswick; James P. Tuttle, Troy, Michigan; Dr. and Mrs. R.A.
    Valerio, Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan; Jeanne Van Houten, Ellisville,
    Mississippi; David L. Wagner, Storrs, Connecticut; Robert Weast,
    Johnston, Iowa; Benjamin D. Williams, III, Pomfret Center,
    Connecticut; Bob Woodward, St. Paul, Minnesota; Amy Bartlett
    Wright, Rhode Island; Chris A. Young, Angola, Indiana.
    Data were collected from the following institutional collections:
    Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina; Colorado State
    University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Cornell University, Ithaca,
    New York; Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina; Illinois
    Natural History Survey, Urbana, Illinois; Illinois State Museum,
    Springfield, Illinois; Mississippi Entomological Museum,
    Mississippi State, Mississippi; National Museum of Natural
    History, Washington, D.C.; Oregon State University, Corvallis,
    Oregon; Strickland Museum, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
    Alberta, Canada; University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado;
    University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; University of
    Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota; University of Nebraska, Lincoln,
    Nebraska; University of Northern Michigan; University of
    Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; West Virginia Department of
    Agriculture, Charleston, West Virginia; West Virginia University,
    Morgantown, West Virginia; Yale University, New Haven,
    Connecticut.
    NPWRC  wants to especially thank A.D. Warren for recording
    data from the Cornell University Insect Collection and Leonard
    Munstermann for providing data from the Peabody Natural
    History Museum at Yale University.
    NPWRC  acknowledges the Zoology Department of the Nature
    Conservancy for a contract that allowed collection of data from
    several eastern U.S. museums and compilation of the NPWRC
    atlas.
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: dBASE IV
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: All records in the original files
      were checked by a qualified lepidopterist before inclusion.
      Both compilation and checking were performed manually
      and there is a possibility that some errors may remain.
  Logical_Consistency_Report: Not applicable
  Completeness_Report: This data file includes information for all
    counties in the United States where population information is
    available.  A species is reported as present in a county if there
    is a specimen in an institutional or private collection, or a
    reliable literature record such as a citation in an original
    description, a monograph, or a State compilation.  Records
    may represent either resident or stray status.  Lack of data for
    a county indicates that no records exist, rather than that no
    species are present.  This data is cumulative, so a positive
    record does not necessarily imply current residence of the
    species.
  Lineage:
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources
            Division
          Publication_Date: 1995
          Title: Text file of moth occurrence information
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Jamestown, ND
            Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife
              Research Center
      Type_of_Source_Media: electronic mail system
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 1995
        Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Contribution: Spatial and attribute information
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: mothtab
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources
            Division
          Publication_Date: 1995
          Title: Text file of moth common names and species
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Jamestown, ND
            Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife
              Research Center
      Type_of_Source_Media: electronic mail system
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: Unknown
        Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Contribution: Attribute information
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: mothspec
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        The original occurrence file (mothtab) was compiled by the
        Biological Resources Division from multiple sources,
        including U.S. museums, State University collections,
        reliable literature publications, scientific literature, private
        collections, and information provided by State and regional
        coordinators.  Most records are specimen based, although
        some sightings of easily identified species were accepted.
        Primary references include:
        Opler, Paul A.  1995.  Lepidoptera of North America: 1.
          Distribution of silkmoths (Saturniidae) and hawkmoths
          (Sphingidae) of eastern North America.  Contributions
          of the C. P. Gillette Insect Biodiversity Museum,
          Department of Entomology, Colorado State University,
          Fort Collins, Colorado.
        Peigler, Richard S. and Paul A. Opler.  1993.  Moths of
          western North America: 1. Distribution of Saturniidae
          of Western North America.  1993.  Contributions of the
          C. P. Gillette Insect Biodiversity Museum, Department
          of Entomology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins,
          Colorado.
        Smith, Michael J.  1995.  Moths of Western North America:
          2. Distribution of Sphingidae of Western North America,
          revised.  Contributions of the C. P. Gillette Insect
          Biodiversity Museum, Department of Entomology, Colorado
          State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
        Further information on sources and procedures can be
        found on the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
        web page on moths at:
        http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/distr/lepid/moths/mothsusa.htm
        The Species listing (mothspec) was compiled by the Biological
        Resources Division.  Naming is based on Tuskes, P. M., J. P.
        Tuttle, and M. M. Collins, 1996,  The Wild Silk Moths of North
        America, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY and London; and
        on Hodges, R.W. and others, editors, 1983, Check List of the
        Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico.  Wedge Entomological
        Research Foundation, Washington, DC.
        The two source files were received as ASCII delimited text files.
        These files were read into WordPerfect and edited to delete extra
        characters, and to add column headings.  The resulting files were
        loaded into ArcView as text, then saved as .dbf files.  Mothtab was
        edited in ArcView to convert the FIPS codes from integer to
        character, and to add leading zeros to those FIPS codes that were
        only 4 digits.  Both files were then saved in ArcView as .dbf files.
        In the online, interactive National Atlas of the United States, the
        occurrence file is joined to the county boundaries for display
        purposes, and the occurrence file and the species listing are linked
        via a Structured Query Language statement in Microsoft Access.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: mothtab
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: mothspec
      Process_Date: 1998
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Indirect_Spatial_Reference:
    U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the Identification of
    the States, the District of Columbia and the Outlying Areas of the
    United States, and Associated Areas (FIPS 5-2): Washington, D. C.,
    National Institute of Standards and Technology.
    U.S. Department of Commerce, 1990, Counties and Equivalent
    Entities of the United States, Its Possessions, and Associated
    Areas (FIPS 6-4): Washington, D.C., National Institute of
    Standards and Technology.
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Moth occurrences; moths0t.dbf
      Entity_Type_Definition: Whether a moth has been reported in
        a given county; listed as a table of moth distribution
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Fips
      Attribute_Definition: The State and county FIPS code for the
        area to which the occurrence data applies.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Codeset_Domain:
          Codeset_Name: Counties and Equivalent Entities of the
            United States, Its Possessions, and Associated Areas,
            FIPS 6-4, 1990
          Codeset_Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
            Institute of Standards and Technology
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Specie#
      Attribute_Definition: The Species number where # is a number
        from 1 to 557.  The species numbers represent moth
        species, which are identified by Species name, Family,
        Subfamily, and Common name in mothspt.dbf.  The species
        number in moths0t.dbf corresponds to the number listed under Column
        in the mothspt.dbf file.  For example, the Specie1 field contains
        occurrence data for Actias luna (Common name: Luna moth)
        moths.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The moth species
            defined for the field has not been reported in the county.
            Counties are identified in the "Fips" column.
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S.
            Geological Survey
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The moth species
            defined for the field has been reported in the county.
            Counties are identified in the "Fips" column.
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S.
            Geological Survey
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Bruce Wright
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 521 National Center
        City: Reston
        State_or_Province: VA
        Postal_Code: 20192
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-4528
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bwright@usgs.gov
  Distribution_Liability:
    Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer
    system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or
    implied is made by the USGS regarding the utility of the data on
    any other system, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any
    such warranty.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 19980922
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Bruce Wright
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 521 National Center
        City: Reston
        State_or_Province: VA
        Postal_Code: 20192
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-4528
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bwright@usgs.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for
    Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Security_Information:
    Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None
    Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified
    Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None