Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Michael A. Schroeder, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Bridgeport, WA
      Publication_Date: 200202
      Title: Distribution of the Sage-grouse in North America
      Edition: 1.1
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
      Other_Citation_Details:
        The data sets described herein are depicted in Figure 1.1, Chapter 1, p. 16 in Connelly, J. W., S. T. Knick, M. A. Schroeder, and S. J. Silver.  2004.  Conservation Assessment of Greater Sage-grouse and Sagebrush Habitats.  Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies.  Unpublished Report.  Cheyenne, WY.

        Additionally, see:

        Scroeder, M. A., et al.  2004.  Distribution of Sage-grouse in North America.  Condor 106:363-376.
      Online_Linkage: http:\\sagemap.wr.usgs.gov
  Description:
    Abstract:
      This metadata references the polygonal ARC/INFO GIS cover showing the current and historic distribution of potential habitat, or range, of the Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and Gunnison Sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus) in Western North America. This data was initially researched and compiled by Dr. Michael A. Schroeder, research biologist for the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife.  The initial draft of current and historic range data was mapped and submitted to state, federal, or provincial natural resource agencies and other experts for review, comment, and editing. The final product represents the best available science and expert review available at the time of compilation.

      Definition of "Current Range" - The current sage-grouse distribution is the range believed to be occupied in the late 1990's, based on the best information available.

      Definition of "Historic Range" - The historic distribution represents the bird's maximum distribution from the early 1800's to the present (late 1990's).
    Purpose: The purpose of this data compilation and mapping effort was to digitally compile and standardize current and historic sage-grouse range data, at a regional scale, for Western North America.  The GIS data layers resulting from this effort will serve as a baseline for future projects to update and refine Sage-grouse distribution. The layers will be used as a starting point to monitor and analyze changes in the range over time.
    Supplemental_Information:
      Relatively accurate mapping of a species' distribution is extremely important, particularly in an age where satellite imagery and habitat maps can be linked with management scenarios, which effectively addressing issues of population viability, land-use planning, and habitat quality, quantity, and distribution.  However, the utility of these applications are limited by the availability, currency, digital compatibility, and/or quality of species' range data, which is readily available in a mapped format.  Also, the scale, resolution, and detail in which range distribution data are recorded and/or compiled, can be quite variable and inconsistent across the landscape.

      There were three general processing phases required for the creation of these Sage-grouse distribution GIS covers: data research/compilation, data review, and database construction.

      DATA RESEARCH AND COMPILATION PROCESS:
      The first step in creating the sage-grouse database was to research, compile, and synthesize the most pertinent data available on the current distribution of Sage-grouse in North America.

      Current Distribution
      The current distribution for sage-grouse in North America was estimated by Dr. Schroeder using numerous state-specific maps, on which the projected current distribution was delineated. The source information gathered on current range was reviewed, interpreted, synthesized, and then transcribed onto 1:2,000,000 scale U.S. Geological Survey maps. The polygonal data on the USGS maps was then digitized and attributed, using ARC/INFO software, to create a working draft coverage of Sage-grouse distribution for North America.

      Historic Distribution -
      The historic distribution is extremely difficult to document due to a paucity of information.  Consequently, sources like the journals of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were used, which described the 1803-1806 expedition from the St. Louis, Missouri area to the west coast of Oregon and back (transcribed by Moulton (1986-1997; Vol. 2-11)).  Swainson and Richardson (1831) was one of the few other contemporary publications that provided information about the early distribution of sage-grouse.  Additional summaries on the historic distribution were also considered including McClanahan (1940) and Aldrich and Duvall (1955).  The extent of the pre-settlement ranges were also modified with the aid of maps of original habitats (Kuchler,1964). References on habitat distribution were evaluated relative to specific information on habitat use (Schroeder et al. 1999, Connelly et al. 2000).  The source information gathered on historic range was reviewed, interpreted, synthesized, and then transcribed by Dr. Schroeder onto 1:2,000,000 scale U.S. Geological Survey maps. The polygonal data on the USGS maps was then digitized and attributed, using ARC/INFO software, to create working draft coverage of sage-grouse distribution for North America.

      DATA REVIEW PROCESS
      A draft map of western North America was created at a 1:2,000,000 scale, using the US National Atlas information as a base. The GIS cover, representing current and historic Sage-grouse distribution, was then overlaid onto this base map. Numerous representatives from the western states and provinces were sent a copy of this preliminary map and provided an opportunity to review, comment, and revise the "draft" set of current and/or historic sage-grouse range polygons (see the Data_Set_Credits section for a list of respondents). California and Washington responded by providing digital data of current and historic range within their borders.  Most other states responded with proposed changes on draft maps.  Other written and oral comments/suggestions were received from several states. Dr. Schroeder received all the submitted responses and compiled the necessary data revisions.  In some cases, data discrepancies occurred between contributors. Dr. Schroeder facilitated the resolution of these range boundary conflicts among the contributors.

      DATABASE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
      Dr. Schroeder compiled all final revisions/edits on the same base map, which had been distributed for review/comment. These maps were then forwarded to the GIS section of the Wildlife Program at WA Department of Fish and Wildlife for final construction of a GIS database, which represents current and historic range of Sage-grouse in North America.  Using ARC/INFO ARCEDIT software, the digital GIS coverages provided by California and Washington were inserted/imported into the Sage-grouse distribution coverage for North America.  Using the data compilation and editing tools within ARCEDIT, all final revisions/edits delineated on the draft map were incorporated.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: early 1800's
        Ending_Date: 1999
    Currentness_Reference: This data set is current up to 1999 when the information was compiled
  Status:
    Progress: Complete, based on the information gathered in 1999
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.732881
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -102.269813
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 49.999432
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 35.723732
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: Greater Sage-grouse
      Theme_Keyword: Gunnison Sage-grouse
      Theme_Keyword: Sage-grouse
      Theme_Keyword: Centrocercus
      Theme_Keyword: urophasianus
      Theme_Keyword: minimus
      Theme_Keyword: distribution
      Theme_Keyword: range
      Theme_Keyword: current
      Theme_Keyword: present-day
      Theme_Keyword: historic
      Theme_Keyword: habitat
      Theme_Keyword: pre-settlement
      Theme_Keyword: potential
      Theme_Keyword: habitat
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: United States
      Place_Keyword: Canada
      Place_Keyword: North America
      Place_Keyword: Washington
      Place_Keyword: Oregon
      Place_Keyword: California
      Place_Keyword: Idaho
      Place_Keyword: Nevada
      Place_Keyword: Utah
      Place_Keyword: Montana
      Place_Keyword: Wyoming
      Place_Keyword: Colorado
      Place_Keyword: North Dakota
      Place_Keyword: South Dakota
      Place_Keyword: Alberta
      Place_Keyword: Saskatchewan
  Access_Constraints: None.
  Use_Constraints: For use at scales greater then 1:1,500,000.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: John Talmadge
        Contact_Organization: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 600 Capitol Way North
        City: Olympia
        State_or_Province: WA
        Postal_Code: 98501-1091
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (360) 902-2492
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: talmajft@dfw.wa.gov
  Data_Set_Credit: Dr. Michael A. Schroeder, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Bridgeport, WA
  Security_Information:
    Security_Classification: Unclassified
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.0 (Build 2195) Service Pack 4; ESRI ArcCatalog 8.3.0.800
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The accuracy varies from state to state depending on the knowledge of the biologists involved.
  Logical_Consistency_Report: Polygon topology present.
  Completeness_Report: Given the scale (1:2,000,000), the data is obviously highly generalized. For more specific information about an individual state or province it would be best to contact the natural resource agency responsible for managing the Sage-grouse in that jurisdiction.
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:
        Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 100,000
        Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Resolution as reported
  Lineage:
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Various
          Publication_Date: Various
          Title: References used in creation of current and historic Sage-grouse distribution in North America
      Type_of_Source_Media: Various
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Range_of_Dates/Times:
            Beginning_Date: early 1800's
            Ending_Date: late 1990's
        Source_Currentness_Reference: Various
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: References
      Source_Contribution:
        Aldrich, J. W. 1946. New subspecies of birds from western North America. Proceedings of Biological Society of Washington 59:129-136.

        Aldrich, J. W. 1963. Geographic orientation of North American Tetraonidae. Journal of Wildlife Management 27:529-545.

        Aldrich, J. W., and A. J. Duvall. 1955. Distribution of American gallinaceous game birds. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Circular 34.

        Aldridge, C. L. 1998. Status of the Sage Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in Alberta. Alberta Environmental Protection, Wildlife Management Division, and Alberta Conservation Association, Edmonton.  Wildlife Status Report 13.

        Bent, A. C.1932. Life Histories of North American gallinaceous birds. Dover Publications, Inc.

        Braun, C. E. 1995. Distribution and status of Sage Grouse in Colorado. Prairie Nat. 27:1-9.

        Braun, C. E. 1998. Sage Grouse declines in western North America: what are the problems? Proceedings of the Western Association State Fish and Wildlife Agencies 78:139-156.

        Connelly, J. W., and C. E. Braun.1997.Long-term changes in Sage Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus populations in western North America. Wildlife Biol. 3:229-234.

        Connelly, J. W., H. W. Browers, and R. J. Gates.1988.Seasonal movements of sage grouse in southeastern Idaho.Journal of Wildlife Management 52:116-122.

        Crawford, J. A. 1982b. History of Sage Grouse in Oregon. Oregon Wildlife, March:3-6.

        Drut, M. S. 1994. Status of Sage Grouse with emphasis on populations in Oregon and Washington. Audubon Society of Portland, Oregon.

        Emslie, S. D. 1986. Late pleistocene vertebrates from Gunnison County, Colorado. Journal of Paleontology 60:170-176.

        Emslie, S. D., and T. H. Heaton. 1987. The late Pleistocene avifauna of Crystal Ball Cave, Utah. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 21:53-60.

        Grayson, D. K. 1976. A note on the prehistoric avifauna of the lower Klamath Basin. Auk 93:830-833.

        Griner, L. A. 1939. A study of the Sage Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), with special reference to life history, habitat requirements, and numbers and distribution. Masters Degree thesis, Utah State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah.

        Hammerstrom, F. N., Jr., and F. Hammerstrom. 1961. Status and problems of North American grouse. Wilson Bulletin 73:284-294.

        Hays, D. W., M. J. Tirhi, and D. W. Stinson.1998.Washington State status report for the Sage Grouse.Washington Department of Fish and  Wildlife, Olympia, Washington. Hornaday, W. T. 1916. Save the Sage Grouse from extinction, a demand from civilization to the western states. New York Zoological Park Bulletin 5:179-219.

        Howard, H. 1946. A review of the Pleistocene birds of Fossil Lake, Oregon. Contributions to paleontology. Carnegie Institute Washington Publication 551:141-195.

        Howard, H.1952.The prehistoric avifauna of Smith Creek Cave, Nevada,with a description of a new gigantic raptor.Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Science. 51(2):50-54.

        Howard, H., and A. H. Miller. 1933. Bird remains from cave deposits in New Mexico. Condor 35:15-18.

        Johnsgard, P. A. 1983. The grouse of the world. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE.

        Kuchler, A. W.1964.Potential natural vegetation of the conterminous United States.American Geographic Society Special Publication, Number 36, Philadelphia, PA.

        Leach, H. R., and A. L. Hensley. 1954. The Sage Grouse in California, with special reference to food habits. California Fish and Game Department 40:385-394.

        Leopold, A.1931.Report on a game survey of the North Central States. American Game Association, Madison, WI.

        Locke, S. B. 1932. The sage hen situation and its needs. Trans. American Game Conference 19:408-410.

        Lords, J. L. 1951. Distribution, ecology, and population dynamics of the Sage Grouse in Utah. M.S. thesis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.

        McClanahan, R. C. 1940. Original and present breeding ranges of certain game birds in the United States. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Biological Survey, Wildlife Leaflet. BS-158.

        Miller, L. 1963. Birds and Indians in the west. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Science. 4(64):178-191.

        Moulton, G. E. (ed.).1986-1993.The journals of Lewis and Clark. Vols. 2-11.  University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE.

        Patterson, R. L. 1952. The Sage Grouse in Wyoming. Sage Books, Inc., Denver, CO.

        Peterson, J. G. 1970. The food habits and summer distribution of juvenile Sage Grouse in central Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management 34:147-155.

        Phillips, A., J. Marshall, and G. Monson.1964.The birds of Arizona.  University of Arizona Press, Arizona.

        Rea, A. M.1980.Contributions to Science and Natural History Museum.  Los Angeles County.330:209-224.

        Ridgway, R., and H. Freidman. 1946. The birds of North and Middle America, Part 10, Galliformes. Smithsonian Institute Bulletin 50:1-484.

        Sealy, S. G. 1963. Sage Grouse distribution. Alberta Department of Lands And Forests, Edmonton, Alberta. Wildlife Investigations Program Representative

        Schroeder, M. A., J. R. Young, and C. E. Braun.1999.Sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus).In The birds of North America.No. 425 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.).The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

        Schroeder, M. A., D. W. Hays, M. F. Livingston, L. E. Stream, J. E. Jacobson, D. J. Pierce, and T. McCall.2000.Changes in the distribution and abundance of sage grouse in Washington.Northwestern Naturalist 81:104-112.

        Short, L. L. 1967. A review of the genera of grouse (Aves, Tetraonidae). Am. Mus. Novit. 2289.

        Shufeldt, R. W. 1913. Review of the fossil fauna of the desert region of Oregon, with a description of additional material collected there.  Bulletin American Museum of Natural History 32:123-178.

        Skaar, P. D.1992.Montana bird distribution, Fourth Edition.  Special Publication Number 2, Montana Natural Heritage Program, Montana.

        Small, A.1994.California birds: their status and distribution. Ibis Publishing Company, California.

        Stephens, D. A.1991.Idaho bird distribution.  Idaho Museum of Natural History, Pocatello, ID

        Swainson, W., and J. Richardson. 1831. Fauna boreali-Americana. Part 2.  The birds. J. Murray Publication, London, U.K.

        Wallestad, R. O. 1975a. Life history and habitat requirements of Sage Grouse in centralMontana. Montana Department Fish, Game, and Parks, Helena, MT.

        Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1995. Washington State management plan for Sage Grouse. Washington Department Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, WA.

        Yocom, C. N. 1956. The sage hen in Washington State. Auk 73:540-550.

        Zwickel, F. C., and M. A. Schroeder.Grouse of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1803-1806.  In preparation.
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Various
          Publication_Date: Various
          Title: External reviews of the current and historic distributions of the Sage-grouse in North America
      Type_of_Source_Media: Various
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Range_of_Dates/Times:
            Beginning_Date: 1999
            Ending_Date: 2001
        Source_Currentness_Reference: Various
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: External Reviews
      Source_Contribution:
        External reviewers (NOTE: may not be complete list)

        Tony Apa
        Colorado Division of Wildlife
        317 West Prospect
        Fort Collins, CO 80526
        719-255-6196

        Bradley D. Bales
        Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
        Oregon
        503-872-5260

        Sam Blankenship
        California Department of Fish and Game
        1416 9th Street Rm. 1270,
        Sacramento, CA 95814
        916-653-1759

        Joseph Bohne
        Wildlife Management Coordinator
        Wyoming Game and Fish Department
        P.O. Box 67
        Jackson, WY 83001
        307-733-2321

        Clait E. Braun
        Ecologist
        Grouse, Inc.
        5572 N Ventana Vista Road
        Tuscon. AZ 85750
        520-529-0365

        Jack W. Connelly
        Idaho Department of Fish and Game
        1345 Barton Road
        Pocatello, ID 83204
        208-232-4703

        Tom Christiansen
        Wildlife Biologist
        Wyoming Game and Fish Department
        351 Astle Avenue
        Green River, WY 82935
        307-875-3225, Ext. 227

        John A. Crawford
        Professor of Wildlife Ecology
        Oregon State University
        Department of Fisheries and Wildlife
        NASH 104
        Corvallis, OR 97331
        541-737-1971

        Charles Eustace,
        Montana Fish
        Wildlife and Parks
        2300 Lake Elmo Drive
        Billings MT 59101
        406-444-2612

        Robert M. Gibson
        School of Biological Sciences
        348 Manter Hall
        University of Nebraska
        Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588

        Frank Hall
        Associate Wildlife Biologist
        California Department Fish and Game
        728-600 Fish & Game Road,
        Wendel, CA 96136
        530-254-6808

        Wayne Harris
        Wildlife Ecologist
        Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management
        Box 5000
        350 Cheadle St. W
        Swift Current, SK S9H 4G3
        306-778-8218

        Tom Hemker
        State Gamebird Biologist
        Idaho Fish and Game
        P. O. Box 25
        Boise, ID 83707
        208-334-2920

        G. D. Kobriger
        North Dakota Game and Fish Department
        Route 1, Box 56,
        Dickinson, ND 58601
        701-227-7431

        Ken Lungle
        Provincial Bird Game Specialist
        Alberta Environment
        Main Floor, 9915-108 Street
        Edmonton, Alberta T5K 2G8
        708-427-6612

        John McCarthy
        Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks
        1420 East Sixth Avenue
        Helena, MT 59601
        406-444-2612

        Brian Meiers
        South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks Department
        Box 14
        Buffalo, SD 57720
        605-375-3700

        Dean L. Mitchell
        Upland Game Coordinator
        Utah Division Wildlife Resources
        1594 W. No. Temple, Ste. 2110
        Box 146301, Salt Lake City, UT 84114-6301
        801-538-4786

        Kerry P. Reese
        University of Idaho, Wildlife and Range Sciences
        Moscow, ID 83844-1136
        208-885-6434

        Eric Rickerson
        Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
        2501 SW 1st Ave
        Portland, OR 97207
        503-872-5260

        San J. Stiver
        Nevada Division of Wildlife
        1100 Valley Rd.
        Reno, NV 89512
        775-688-1523

        Walt Van Dyke
        District Wildlife Biologist
        Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
        3814 Clark Blvd.
        Ontario, OR 97914
        541-889-6975

        Chris Warren
        U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
        11103 E. Montgomery Drive
        Spokane, WA 99206
        509-921-0160

        Todd Thompson
        Bureau of Land Management
        N. 1103 Fancher Road
        Spokane, WA 99212
        509-536-1241
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Using U.S. Geologic Survey's 1:2,000,000 National atlas series maps as a base, a preliminary historic and current Sage-grouse ranges were drawn on mylar acetate sheets by Dr. Schroeder. The sheets were registered to the national atlas maps using the Albers projection in which the atlas series was created.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS 1:2,000,000 National Atlas series maps
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: References
      Process_Date: 199902
      Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: preliminary ranges
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: John Talmadge
            Contact_Organization: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing address
            Address: 600 Capitol Way N
            City: Olympia
            State_or_Province: Wa
            Postal_Code: 98501
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: (360) 902-2492
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: talmajft@dfw.wa.gov
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: In ARCEDIT, we created the initial draft polygonal coverages of Sage-grouse ranges from acetate sheets (from previous step), as well as the digitized current and historic ranges provided by Washington state.  The maps were overlayed on a map of western North America created using the digital information from the USGS National Atlas.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: preliminary ranges (from previous step)
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Digitized current and historic ranges from WA
      Process_Date: 199904
      Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: initial draft - Sage-grouse GIS ranges
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: John Talmadge
            Contact_Organization: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing address
            Address: 600 Capitol Way N
            City: Olympia
            State_or_Province: Wa
            Postal_Code: 98501
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: (360) 902-2492
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: talmajft@dfw.wa.gov
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: We disseminated the initial draft of the Sage-grouse ranges for input and review.  Copies of the draft map were produced and sent to Dr. Schroeder who in turn distributed the maps to the representatives from the natural resource agencies of California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Alberta, and Sackatchewan, along with a number of other experts in the field with whom he had been in contact.  The copies were returned to Dr. Schroeder for compilation from all agencies except the California Department of Fish and Wildlife who had created a digital cover from their own information.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: initial draft - Sage-grouse GIS ranges
      Process_Date: May - November 1999
      Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: External reviews
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: John Talmadge
            Contact_Organization: Washington Department of Fish and Wildilfe
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing address
            Address: 600 Capitol Way N
            City: Olympia
            State_or_Province: WA
            Postal_Code: 98501
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: (360) 902-2492
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: talmajft@dfw.wa.gov
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Incorporated California DFW digital data with the draft Sage-grouse coverages and edit draft Sage-grouse covers, adding changes proposed by the natural resource agencies with conflicts resolved by Dr. Schroeder.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: External reviews
      Process_Date: November 1999 - January 31, 2002
      Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Sage-grouse_current_distribution_sgca
      Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Sage-grouse_historic_distribution_sgca
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: John Talmadge
            Contact_Organization: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing address
            Address: 600 Capitol Way N
            City: Olympia
            State_or_Province: WA
            Postal_Code: 98501
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: (360) 902-2492
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: talmajft@dfw.wa.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
  Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 135
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Map_Projection:
        Map_Projection_Name: Albers Conical Equal Area
        Albers_Conical_Equal_Area:
          Standard_Parallel: 29.500000
          Standard_Parallel: 45.500000
          Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -96.000000
          Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 23.000000
          False_Easting: 0.000000
          False_Northing: 0.000000
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 0.004096
          Ordinate_Resolution: 0.004096
        Planar_Distance_Units: meters
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927
      Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.400000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.978698
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Sage-grouse_current_distribution_sgca.dbf
      Entity_Type_Definition: Attributes of Sage-grouse_current_distribution
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ESRI
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: FID
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Shape
      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: AREA
      Attribute_Definition: Polygon area in internal units squared
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive value assigned automatically
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PERIMETER
      Attribute_Definition: Polygon perimeter length in internal units
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive value assigned automatically
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: CURRENT_
      Attribute_Definition: Internal Feature Number
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique positive integer
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: CURRENT_ID
      Attribute_Definition: User-assigned feature number
      Attribute_Definition_Source: User-defined
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SPECIES
      Attribute_Definition: Sage-grouse species
      Attribute_Definition_Source: J. R. Young et al.  2000.  Wilson Bulletin 112:445-453.
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Northern
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus)
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: J. R. Young et al.  2000.  Wilson Bulletin 112:445-453.
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Gunnison
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Gunnison Sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus)
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: J. R. Young et al.  2000.  Wilson Bulletin 112:445-453.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: HECTARES
      Attribute_Definition: Polygon area
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 2
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 24066728
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: hectares
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: USGS Snake River Field Station
      Contact_Position: Geographer
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 970 Lusk St.
        City: Boise
        State_or_Province: ID
        Postal_Code: 83706
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 208-426-5204
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 208-426-5210
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: tzarriel@usgs.gov
  Resource_Description: Downloadable data
  Distribution_Liability: We make every effort to provide and maintain accurate, complete, usable, and timely information on our web sites. However, some USGS data and information accessed through these pages may, of necessity, be preliminary in nature and presented prior to final review and approval by the Director of the USGS. These data and information are provided with the understanding that they are not guaranteed to be correct or complete. Users are cautioned to consider carefully the provisional nature of these data and information before using them for decisions that concern personal or public safety or the conduct of business that involves substantial monetary or operational consequences. Conclusions drawn from, or actions undertaken on the basis of, such data and information are the sole responsibility of the user.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Transfer_Size: 0.354
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Access_Instructions: Search for "Sage Grouse" and "Regional Data"
          Online_Computer_and_Operating_System: http://sagemap.wr.usgs.gov/
    Fees: none
    Ordering_Instructions: download from SAGEMAP (http://sagemap.wr.usgs.gov)
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20040709
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: John Talmadge
        Contact_Organization: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 600 Capitol Way N
        City: Olympia
        State_or_Province: WA
        Postal_Code: 98501
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (360) 902-2492
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: talmajftt@dfw.wa.gov
      Hours_of_Service: 9 am - 5 pm
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: none
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: none
  Metadata_Security_Information:
    Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified
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    Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile
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    Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile
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