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                                 Before the
                      Federal Communications Commission
                          Washington, D.C. 20554
In re                               )
                                     )
GERARD A. TURRO                     )        MM Docket No. 97-122
                                     )
For Renewal of License               )            File Nos. BRFT-970129YC
for FM Translator Stations           )                 BRFT-970129YD
W276AQ(FM), Fort Lee, NJ, and       )
W232AL(FM), Pomona, NY               )
                                     )
MONTICELLO MOUNTAINTOP               )
BROADCASTING, INC.                   )
                                     )
Order to Show Cause Why the         )
Construction Permit for FM Radio        )
Station WJUX(FM), Monticello, NY,      )
Should Not Be Revoked               )
                                 Appearances
     Charles R. Naftalin and Alan Y. Naftalin on behalf of Gerard A.Turro; James P. Riley and
Andrew S. Kersting on behalf of Monticello Mountaintop Broadcasting, Inc; Michael D. Hays, John
S. Logan, Richard A. Helmick, Roy R. Russo and J. Brian DeBoice on behalf of Universal
Broadcasting of New York, Inc.; and James W. Shook and Alan E. Aronowitz on behalf of the
Chief, Mass Media Bureau, Federal Communications Commission.
                                 DECISION
     Adopted: July 6, 2000               ;   Released: July 20, 2000
By the Commission: Chairman Kennard not participating.
     1. In this Decision the Commission affirms the Initial Decision ("I.D."), 15 FCC Rcd 560
(ALJ 1999), of Administrative Law Judge Arthur I. Steinberg ("ALJ"), which granted the
applications of Gerard A. Turro for renewal of license for FM translator stations W276AQ(FM),
Fort Lee, New Jersey, and W232AL(FM), Pomona, New York, and concluded that the
construction permit of Monticello Mountaintop Broadcasting, Inc. ("Monticello") for FM radio
station WJUX(FM), Monticello, New York, should not be revoked.
                         I. BACKGROUND
     2. Turro has been the licensee of the Fort Lee translator since March 1986 and the Pomona
translator since January 1995. From September 1993 to July 1995, he was also the licensee of
Intercity Microwave Relay Station WMG-499.  Turro also owns a business called FM 103.1, Inc.,
doing business as Jukebox Radio ("Jukebox Radio"), located in Dumont, New Jersey, which
produces radio programming consisting of music of the 1940s and 1950s.  The Fort Lee translator
and the Jukebox Radio studio are both located in Bergen County, New Jersey, Turro's place of
residence.  On two separate occasions, Turro sought waiver or amendment of the Commission's
rules to permit program origination on his Fort Lee translator.  Both requests were denied.  See
Gerard A. Turro, 2 FCC Rcd 6674 (1987), aff'd, Turro v. FCC, 859 F.2d 1498 (D.C. Cir. 1988);
Report and Order, FM Translator Stations, 5 FCC Rcd 7212, 7219-20 (1990), recon. denied and
clarified, 8 FCC Rcd 5093 (1993).
     3. In January 1991, Turro requested a "declaratory ruling" from the Mass Media Bureau
"concerning the operation of commercial FM translators."  Specifically Turro asked whether it
would be permissible for an FM translator station to purchase air time on the FM station that it
rebroadcasts where: (a) the translator operates outside the primary contour of the originating station;
(b) the primary station does not reimburse the translator for air time or financially support it; (c) the
translator complies with the Commission's rules regarding the purchase of brokered air time; and (d)
the translator may sell advertising during the brokered time.  Bureau Exh. 1, p. 6.
     4. In a letter dated November 19, 1991, the Bureau responded that Turro's time brokerage
"proposal would [not] be prohibited by the Commission's rules or policies."  In pertinent part, the
Bureau stated:
          [T]he issue presented by Mr. Turro's request is whether the licensee of a translator station is permitted
     to enter into a time brokerage contractual arrangement with its primary station, provided that the primary
     station does not either reimburse the translator station licensee for the purchase of the brokered time or
     provide financial support for the translator station's operation.
          . . . .
          Under  74.1232(e), an FM translator station whose coverage contour extends beyond the protected
     contour of the primary station cannot receive any support, before or after construction, either directly or
     indirectly, from the primary station. This applies to all persons and entities having any interest or
     connection with the primary station.
          With regard to brokerage arrangements between licensees and brokers, such arrangements usually
     involve the broker as both program producer and commercial salesperson for a time block purchased
     from the licensee.  Our rules only require licensees to keep brokerage contracts at the station and make
     them available for Commission inspection upon request (47 C.F.R.  73.3613(d) (1989)).
     In view of the specific circumstances presented by Mr. Turro's request, we conclude that his proposed
     operation would be consistent with the Commission's rules and policies as outlined above.  However, this
     conclusion rests on the following requirements:  the time brokerage contract must be kept at the primary
     station and made available for Commission inspection upon request per  73.3613(d); there must be a
     bona fide, arm[']s-length transaction between the primary station and the translator; the licensee of the
     translator station will have to pay the primary station a rate charge comparable to the amount charged
     other purchasers of brokered airtime, or an amount consistent with such charges in the local broadcast
     community; and at no time would the translator station receive financial support, directly or indirectly,
     from the primary station to cover any costs associated with the operation and maintenance of the
     translator station.
Bureau Exh. 1, pp. 8-9.
     5. After receiving the Bureau's ruling, Turro began exploring ways to form such an
arrangement to bring FM programming to Bergen County.  On October 17, 1994, Turro and Wesley
R. Weis, the sole owner of Monticello, the permittee of WJUX(FM), entered into a Network
Affiliation Agreement.  The Agreement provided that Turro would provide Jukebox Radio
programming to WJUX twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, and that Turro would
compensate Monticello for carrying the programming on WJUX.  The parties also agreed that the
Fort Lee and Pomona translators would rebroadcast WJUX's signal.
     6. In February 1995, Universal Broadcasting of New York, Inc. ("Universal"), the licensee
of AM station WVNJ, Oakland, New Jersey, complained to the Commission that Turro and Weis
were violating the Commission's rules.  Inter alia, Universal alleged that Turro was not receiving the
WJUX signal off the air and rebroadcasting it via his translator stations, but was sending Jukebox
Radio programming directly from his Dumont studio facilities to the Fort Lee translator over his
microwave relay station, WMG-499.  As a result of the allegations, the Commission conducted an
investigation, including inspections by an FCC field engineer of the respective facilities on April 13
and 14, and May 15, 1995.  Following the inspections, the Bureau sent Letters of Inquiry to Turro
and Monticello, and they responded.
     7. Based upon the responses to the Letters of Inquiry and the results of the field inspections,
the Commission determined that serious questions existed regarding Turro's and Monticello's basic
qualifications.  Because of the commonality of facts and issues involving the respective stations, the
Commission made Turro and Monticello parties to a consolidated proceeding.  By Hearing
Designation Order, Order to Show Cause and Notice of Opportunity for Hearing, 12 FCC Rcd 6264
(1997) ("HDO"), the Commission specified issues to determine:
     (a) whether Turro's operation of his translator stations violated Sections 74.531(c)
     and 74.1231(b) of the Commission's rules, 47 C.F.R.  74.531(c) and 74.1231(b),
     with respect to the operation of translator stations;
     (b) whether Monticello has violated and/or continues to violate Sections 73.1120 and
     73.1125(a) and (c) of the Commission's rules, 47 C.F.R.  73.1120 and 73.1125(a)
     and (c), with respect to the maintenance of a main studio for WJUX(FM);
     (c) whether Turro engaged in an unauthorized transfer of control, or otherwise
     exercised and/or continues to exercise de facto control over WJUX(FM), in violation
     of Section 310(d) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, 47 U.S.C. 
     310(d), and Section 73.3540(a) of the Commission's rules, 47 C.F.R.  73.3540(a);
     (d) whether Monticello engaged in an unauthorized transfer of control or otherwise
     abdicated control of WJUX(FM) to Turro or an affiliated entity in violation of
     Section 310(d) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, 47 U.S.C. 
     310(d), and Section 73.3540(a) of the Commission's rules, 47 C.F.R.  73.3540(a);
     (e) whether Turro misrepresented and/or lacked candor to the Commission
     concerning the operation of his translator stations;
     (f) whether Monticello and/or its agents misrepresented and/or lacked candor to the
     Commission concerning the operation of WJUX(FM).
The ultimate issues set for hearing were to determine whether Turro's renewal applications should
be granted and whether Monticello is qualified to be or remain a Commission broadcast permittee.
Pursuant to Section 309(e) of the Act, 47 U.S.C.  309(e), the burden of proof on the issues
pertaining to Turro's qualifications was assigned to the licensee and, pursuant to Section 312(d) of
the Act, 47 U.S.C.  312(d), the burden of proof on the issues going to Monticello's qualifications
was placed on the Bureau.  The HDO also called for a determination, pursuant to Section 503(b) of
the Act, 47 U.S.C.  503(b), of whether an order of forfeiture in an amount not to exceed $250,000
should be issued against Turro and/or Monticello for each of the alleged violations which occurred
or continued within the applicable statute of limitations.  Finally, the HDO made Universal a party
to the proceeding.
     8. In the I.D., the ALJ concluded that: (a) Turro's operation of his translators was in
compliance with 47 C.F.R.  74.1231(b), but that his operation of his relay station, WMG-499, was
in violation of 47 C.F.R.  74.531(c), and that any forfeiture for this violation was precluded by the
statute of limitations; (b) Monticello briefly violated 47 C.F.R.  73.1125(c) in a minor respect, but
that no sanction was warranted for this violation, and that Monticello otherwise was in compliance
with the main studio rules; (c) there was no unauthorized transfer or abdication of control of WJUX;
and (d) neither Turro nor Monticello intentionally misrepresented facts or lacked candor with the
Commission. The ALJ ultimately concluded that Turro's renewal applications for his translator
stations should be granted, and that there was no basis for revocation of Monticello's construction
permit for WJUX.
     9. Universal excepts to the I.D. and urges reversal.  The Bureau also excepts and argues that
the I.D. should have denied Turro's renewal applications and revoked Monticello's construction
permit, or alternatively, imposed forfeitures.  Turro and Monticello support affirmance of the I.D. in
all respects. Universal also requests oral argument.  This request is denied. We believe that the
pleadings and the record below provide an adequate basis for decision and that oral argument would
not materially assist our resolution of this proceeding.
          II. UNAUTHORIZED TRANSFER OF CONTROL ISSUES
A. Findings
     10. Weis and Turro have known each other for some twenty years.  At one time Weis, who
had worked in various businesses in the radio industry for many years, had an interest in the Pomona
translator, and. since December 1986, Weis has also owned the building where Jukebox Radio is
located.  I.D.,  9-10.  In the summer of 1994 Turro informed Weis that Larry Fishman, who held
the construction permit for an FM station in Monticello, New York, was interested in selling the
permit.  Turro thought Weis might want to own a station because of his past broadcast experience.
Subsequently Turro told Weis of the Bureau's 1991 letter, and Turro proposed that Weis acquire the
FM permit and that Turro supply Jukebox Radio programming and commercial advertising for the
station.  Id. at  17-18.  After several meetings with Fishman, Weis agreed to purchase the permit
for $120,000, which included $40,000 at closing and a note for the $80,000 balance.  Turro and
Weis also discussed an arrangement that would be consistent with the Bureau's 1991 letter.  They
agreed that Jukebox Radio would make monthly payments to Monticello in consideration for which
Monticello would provide air time on the FM station, and that the station's signal would be
rebroadcast by the Fort Lee and Pomona translators.  Id. at  19-21.
     11. On October 17, 1994, Turro and Weis entered into the Network Affiliation Agreement,
a copy of which was available at WJUX's main studio.  Id. at  74.  The understanding was
structured as a network affiliation agreement on the advice of counsel because Turro told counsel he
intended to provide programming to other stations. The Agreement provided that Jukebox Radio
would provide Monticello with programming "via satellite, phone lines, or other suitable means"
twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year, and would provide all local station
identifications, public affairs programming, and EBS tests.  Jukebox Radio also agreed to abide by
all FCC rules governing program content and to indemnify Monticello against any forfeitures
imposed by the FCC.  The parties also agreed to abide by all applicable FCC rules and regulations.
The Agreement also provided that the Fort Lee translator could rebroadcast the FM signal.  Both
Weis and Turro believed that the Agreement was consistent with the Bureau's 1991 letter
authorizing a translator station to act as a time broker.  Id. at  22-23, 31; Bureau Exh. 11, p. 217.
     12. In order to induce Monticello to enter into the Agreement, Turro on the same day signed
a Guaranty of Payment, whereby he personally guaranteed all payments from Jukebox Radio to
Monticello during the life of the Agreement up to $400,000.  Weis stated that he suggested the
Guaranty because of the possibility that Turro's operation could go out of business.  Jukebox Radio
also paid Monticello $40,000, a figure Weis came up with, as an additional incentive for entering
into the Agreement.  I.D.,  24-25.
     13. On July 17, 1995, Turro and Weis signed an Amendment to Network Affiliation
Agreement.  The Amendment provided that Monticello retained responsibility for ascertaining
community needs, that Monticello had the right to broadcast programming other than Jukebox Radio
programming, that Monticello could delete, preempt, or substitute for Jukebox Radio programming,
and that Monticello's acceptance and broadcast of Jukebox Radio programming was subject to its
responsibility to comply with all FCC regulations.  The Amendment stated that it was "retroactive
to the commencement of the Agreement."  Turro and Weis testified that the Amendment was agreed
to in November 1994, but not signed until July 1995.  The Agreement was amended on the advice
of counsel.  Its purpose, according to Weis, was to clarify the Agreement to reflect Monticello's
obligations to the Commission.  Monticello substituted or preempted Jukebox Radio programming
on two occasions, once in 1995 when the program feed went out, and once in 1997 when political
commercials were broadcast.  Id. at  32-34.
     14. Monticello acquired the FM permit from Fishman on October 18, 1994.  At that time,
Monticello entered into a tower lease, as well as a lease for studio and office space in Ferndale, New
York, with Mountain Broadcasting Corporation ("MBC").  MBC was the licensee of WVOS(AM)
and WVOS(FM) ("WVOS"), Liberty, New York, and its offices were also located in the Ferndale
building.  Weis hired Eugene Blabey, who was the general manager of the WVOS stations and an
owner of MBS, to be the general manager of WJUX.  On October 21, 1994, the new station went
on the air. Weis stated that all of the equipment was available and the station was built in two days.
On November 30, 1994, Turro informed the Bureau that the Fort Lee translator had begun
rebroadcasting the primary station.  Id. at  35-38, 41, 45.
     15. It was decided that Turro would become chief operator for the station, in which capacity
he provided technical support from October 1994 until August 1995.  He was not paid for this role,
and it took up little of his time.  Turro stated that he provided general assistance in starting up the
station but did not build the facilities.  Primarily he installed his Jukebox Radio audio equipment and
tested to see that it worked.  He also inspected the WJUX main studio equipment and verified that
it was working.  Turro stated that Weis was present during the construction process and directed the
construction crew.  Id. at  42-43.
     16. Two weeks prior to the time WJUX went on the air, there was a discussion of the need
for Weis to divest his interest in the Pomona translator station.  Weis understood that he could not
own both a translator and an FM station where the translator operated outside the primary contour
of the station being rebroadcast.  On January 10, 1995, Weis transferred his interest in the Pomona
translator to Turro pursuant to Commission approval.  Soon thereafter the Pomona translator began
rebroadcasting the signal of WJUX.  Id.  44-45.
     17. With respect to the station's finances, Weis testified that he alone exercised financial
control over WJUX.  He stated that Turro never guaranteed any debt incurred by Monticello or
Monticello's performance of any contract or lease.  Monticello paid the balance due Fishman for the
purchase of the permit, made the lease payments for its transmitter site and main studio, and paid the
compensation for all persons it employed at WJUX.  It also paid the bills for services, products, and
utilities used for the station.  Weis wrote the checks to construct the station, pay the staff, and meet
the station's operating expenses.  He also signed personal guarantees in connection with
Monticello's lease of its transmitter site and office and studio space from MBC.  And Turro testified
that he never had financial control over or responsibility for WJUX.  Id. at  46-47.
     18. Weis testified that he also exercised responsibility over the personnel of the FM station,
including hiring Blabey as general manager, Carol Montana as public affairs director and general
staff support person, and George Spicka to perform part-time engineering services.  The latter two
were hired at Blabey's recommendation.  Weis also hired Alan Kirschner, the station's current chief
operator, who replaced Turro in this position in August 1995.  Weis agreed to pay Blabey $100 a
week to act as general manager.  Later Blabey also entered an agreement with Weis with respect to
advertising sales.  Because Blabey was an owner of WVOS, he performed services for that station
that were different from those he performed for WJUX.  Blabey had only occasional contact with
Jukebox Radio.  Id. at  49-51; tr. 937-38. Blabey introduced Montana to Weis, and when she was
hired in October 1994, she entered into a letter agreement with Weis regarding her employment.
Her starting salary was $100 a month and was later raised by Weis at Blabey's recommendation.
She met with Weis on WJUX business on an as-needed basis, and Blabey also gave her directions
regarding WJUX programming, including directing her to send a "bulletin board" of PSAs to
Jukebox Radio.  I.D.,  52-53.
     19. Weis also stated that he exercised ultimate authority over WJUX's programming. Weis
understood when he acquired the station and when he agreed with Turro to the time brokerage
arrangement that Jukebox Radio would provide popular music, including music of the big band era,
that would appeal to residents of Sullivan County, New York, where the community of Monticello
is located.  When WJUX began operations, Weis also directed that the station carry public service
and public affairs programming designed to serve Monticello and Sullivan County.  Specifically Weis
had discussions with Blabey which resulted in the public affairs programs produced by Blabey and
aired on WVOS being rebroadcast over WJUX on different days and at different times than WVOS
carried them.  This accomplished providing this programming to a potentially different audience in
Sullivan County.  Turro stated that when Weis and Blabey arranged for public affairs programming
to be broadcast on WJUX, he decided to carry that programming on Jukebox Radio.  Id. at  54-
55.
     20. A weekly program called "People Who Make a Difference," which focused on the
activities of Sullivan County residents who had a positive influence on their community, was
produced at WJUX's main studio and broadcast beginning in February 1995.  Both WJUX and
WVOS carried the program.  Blabey also sent tapes of the programs to Jukebox Radio for
broadcast.  Another program, called "Open Mike," which provided a forum for community leaders
to answer questions from listeners, was originally broadcast on WVOS and later rebroadcast on
WJUX.  Blabey sent tapes of the program to Jukebox Radio and it was broadcast on WJUX on a
tape-delayed basis.  This program was broadcast on WJUX beginning at least as early as May 1996.
Id. at  56-57.
     21. Between October 1994 and October 1995, WJUX only broadcast programs directed at
Sullivan County residents that were also carried at different times on WVOS.  During this same time
period, however, WJUX broadcast PSAs that were not carried on WVOS.  Weis had discussions
with Blabey which resulted in the broadcast by WJUX of PSAs that Weis believed were of interest
to the community of Monticello and Sullivan County.  It was Montana's job at WJUX to gather
material for PSAs, compile a bulletin board of prospective PSAs, and forward it to Jukebox Radio
for broadcast over WJUX.  She designated on the bulletin board, or informed Jukebox Radio
regarding, PSAs of particular importance that should be aired.  Although Jukebox Radio made the
determination as to which PSAs to produce and air, it followed her suggestions in almost every
instance.  Id. at  58-59.
     22. Turro stated that Jukebox Radio had discretion to reject public affairs programming from
WJUX produced by Blabey or PSAs received from Montana.  If it did so, however, WJUX had the
right to delete Jukebox Radio programming and place the PSAs and public affairs programs on the
air directly at WJUX.  Blabey also put emergency announcements regarding Sullivan County on
WJUX.  During a snow storm, when he was informed by the Sullivan County Manager that the
roads were being closed, Blabey told Jukebox Radio that he had an emergency message to air on
WJUX, prepared the message, and sent it to the Dumont studio to be originated.  Id. at  60-61.
B. ALJ Conclusions
     23. The ALJ found no basis for concluding that Weis, Turro, or any entity owned by Turro,
engaged in an unauthorized transfer of control of WJUX in violation of 47 U.S.C.  310(d).  The
ALJ noted that, while there is no exact formula by which control may be determined, the
Commission looks beyond mere legal title and focuses on the factors of finances, personnel, and
programming in order to ascertain whether a transfer of control has occurred.
     24. Applying these factors, the ALJ concluded that Weis was in sole control of the finances
of Monticello and WJUX at all times.  He found that Weis alone was responsible for the station's
financial obligations and that Jukebox Radio's monthly payments were typical of time brokerage
arrangements.  He also found that Weis's insistence on an inducement payment and a personal
guarantee in order to enter into the Network Affiliation Agreement with Turro were consistent with
his control.  The ALJ also found that Weis was in ultimate supervisory control of WJUX's
programming.  Weis exercised this control, the ALJ stated, by substituting public affairs
programming for Jukebox Radio programming, in keeping with the terms of the Amendment to
Network Affiliation Agreement.  The ALJ also found that Turro's sale of most or all of WJUX's
commercial time was typical of all time brokerage arrangements.  Finally the ALJ concluded that
Weis also exercised supervisory control over the station's personnel.  Weis hired or approved of the
hiring of the station's employees, and Turro was uninvolved in these decisions.  In the ALJ's view,
Turro's limited role as chief operator of the station did not establish any transfer to him of ultimate
decision-making authority.
C. Exceptions
     25. Universal argues that Weis abdicated control of WJUX and Turro assumed control of the
station from the outset.  In general, Universal argues that the ALJ erred because his analysis did not
focus on the methods of operation of Turro and Weis prior to April 13, 1995, the date on which the
Commission first inspected the subject facilities.  With respect to finances, Universal asserts that
Turro's relationship with Weis went beyond that of a traditional time broker and resulted in Turro
being the source of all of WJUX's revenue and assuming all the risk.  Universal states that Turro
induced Weis to purchase the station permit and bankrolled the transaction by providing the down
payment, the station income, guaranteeing payments, and indemnifying Weis against FCC
forfeitures.  With regard to programming, Universal contends that the unamended Network
Affiliation Agreement transferred control to Turro because it did not give Weis the right to preempt
programming.  As for WJUX's personnel, Universal alleges that Blabey and Montana followed
Turro's instructions during the Commission inspection of WJUX, and that their roles were
ministerial compared to Turro's responsibilities at the station.
     26. Echoing Universal's exceptions, the Bureau asserts that the ALJ erred by ignoring the
history leading up to the construction of WJUX, by unduly emphasizing the individual aspects of
control and not considering the totality of the circumstances, and by unreasonably relying on
ameliorative steps taken by Turro and Weis only after their arrangement had come under scrutiny.
The Bureau contends that Weis would not have purchased the station permit but for Turro's
financial and other assistance and, furthermore, that Turro's payments to Monticello after the station
was constructed, under the Network Affiliation Agreement, meant that WJUX's existence was
totally dependent on Turro.  As to station personnel, the Bureau states, the ALJ did not sufficiently
consider Turro's role as chief operator of the station.  In addition, the Bureau asserts, Turro, not
Monticello, controlled programming, sales of commercial time, remote control of WJUX's
transmitter, and the main studio telephone.  With regard to programming, the Bureau argues that the
Amendment giving Monticello the right to preempt Jukebox Radio programming was not executed
until well after WJUX was inspected by the FCC, the Bureau had sent letters of inquiry to Weis and
Turro, and the latter were aware that the legality of their operation was under review.
     27. Turro replies that Monticello was in control of WJUX's finances, personnel, and
operations, including essential aspects of the station's programming obligations, and was also legally
responsible for the operations of WJUX.  Monticello argues that, although it and Turro have had an
ongoing business relationship through their Network Affiliation Agreement, it always maintained
ultimate decision-making authority over WJUX and did not engage in an unauthorized transfer of
control of the station in violation of 47 U.S.C.  310(d).
D. Discussion
     28. These issues were specified to determine whether Turro and/or Monticello engaged in an
unauthorized transfer or abdication of control of WJUX from Monticello to Turro.  In assessing
where control of a broadcast station resides, the Commission does not apply a litmus test, but rather,
it generally looks to determine who has authority over the basic operational policies of the station.
In making this determination, we focus specifically on the areas of programming, personnel, and
finances.  See Southwest Texas Broadcasting Council, 85 FCC 2d 713, 715 (1981); Stereo
Broadcasters, Inc., 87 FCC 2d 87 (1981), recon. denied, 50 R.R. 2d 1346 (1982); Bennett Gilbert
Gaines, 8 FCC Rcd 1405 (Rev. Bd. 1993), rev. denied, 9 FCC Rcd 533 (1994).  We have stated that
a licensee's involvement in a time brokerage agreement does not per se constitute an unauthorized
transfer of control, and indeed we apply the same traditional tripartite standard in such a case as we
do in any other case to ascertain who mandates basic policies governing fundamental station
operations.  See WGPR, Inc., 10 FCC Rcd 8140, 8141-42 (1995); Cosmopolitan Broadcasting
Corp., 59 FCC 2d 558, recon. denied, 61 FCC 2d 257 (1976).
     29. Applying these principles here, we find, first, the record shows that Weis, rather than
Turro, maintained control and ultimate responsibility with regard to WJUX's finances.  Specifically
Weis met with Fishman to discuss a sale of the construction permit, negotiated the purchase price for
the permit, and was obligated to pay the balance due on the sale. Although Turro installed and tested
Jukebox Radio equipment and provided general assistance to Monticello during the construction
process, Weis directed the station's construction and alone paid the station's construction costs.
Weis also personally guaranteed the station's lease agreements with MBC and made the lease
payments for its site and main studio, and wrote the checks that paid WJUX's operating expenses as
well as its legal bills.  He also hired the station's staff and paid their salaries.  WJUX's staff referred
all financial matters to Weis, and Turro had no check-writing authority on any Monticello account.
In brokerage situations, "we require that licensees must maintain their own bank accounts, pay the
salaries of their own employees, and remain responsible for their own obligations to programmers,
utility companies, and other operational matters."  WGPR, Inc., 10 FCC Rcd at 8145.  Monticello
met this requirement.
     30. Nevertheless the exceptors argue that Weis's financial control was undermined, first, by
Turro's inducements to Monticello to enter into the Network Affiliation Agreement, including his
$40,000 payment and his personal guarantee of payments from Jukebox Radio during the duration
of the Agreement up to $400,000, and, second, by his provision of all of the station's income. We
disagree with these contentions.  The record shows that, albeit Turro was instrumental in introducing
Weis to the idea, Weis decided to purchase the permit from Fishman and agreed to the arrangement
proposed by Turro because he believed it was a good business opportunity.  I.D.,  20. Moreover it
was at Weis's behest that the financial inducements to enter the Agreement were agreed to by Turro.
It was Weis's testimony that he wanted the guarantee because of the possibility that Turro could go
out of business and that he would not have built the station and entered into the Agreement without
the initial $40,000 payment.  Tr. 1381-83, 1392, 1409-10.  And Turro testified that Weis did not
have to repay the $40,000.  Tr. 1831-32.  Weis developed the specific amounts for the payment and
the guarantee, which figures Turro accepted, and the inducements inured to Monticello's benefit;
they did not evidence Turro's control over WJUX but rather served to increase Turro's financial
obligations to Weis.  Thus, although Weis may have used the $40,000 to fund his down payment for
the station, these facts do not establish that Turro was in financial control of WJUX.
     31. Weis also determined the amount of the monthly payments from Jukebox Radio to
Monticello under the Network Affiliation Agreement based on his business plan to cover capital
costs and operating expenses and produce an acceptable profit, and at one point Weis demanded an
increase in the payments to cover additional capital expenditures.  I.D.,  26-28.  Weis's calculus
was not unusual.  By definition:
     A [time brokerage] agreement is a contractual arrangement whereby the licensee
     makes its airtime available to the time broker in exchange for an amount calculated
     to incorporate the station's fixed and operating costs plus a built-in profit.  So long
     as the time brokerage agreement governing the arrangement is one which retains the
     ultimate decision-making authority in the licensee, the receipt of [monthly payments]
     does not amount to the licensee's abdication of its control over finances.
WGPR, Inc., 10 FCC Rcd at 8145.  Moreover, counter to Universal's assertion that Turro assumed
all the risk, if Jukebox Radio missed any monthly payments to Monticello, the latter was still
obligated to pay the station's lease costs and other expenses.  I.D.,  47.  And, finally, contrary to
the exceptors' claims, Turro's provision of all of WJUX's income via monthly payments was not
uncharacteristic of other time brokerage understandings approved by the Commission.  See Choctaw
Broadcasting Corp., 12 FCC Rcd 8534, 8541 (1997), citing WGPR, Inc., 10 FCC Rcd at 8145
(even where monthly time brokerage payments "constitute the sole source of funding of . . .
broadcast operations for the term of the brokering arrangement," their receipt did not amount to
abdication of control over finances); accord, Roy R. Russo, Esq., 5 FCC Rcd 7586, 7587 (MMB
1990).
     32. With respect to control over station programming, the exceptors argue that, under the
Network Affiliation Agreement, WJUX was totally dependent on Turro to provide virtually all its
programming, and Turro and Weis did not amend the Agreement to give Monticello the right to
preempt Jukebox Radio programming until after the FCC began to focus on the parties' relationship.
We disagree that these or any other factors in the record demonstrate that Monticello did not
exercise ultimate control over WJUX's programming.
     33. To begin with, although Weis contracted with Turro for Jukebox Radio to provide full-
time programming to WJUX pursuant to the Network Affiliation Agreement, at the time Weis
acquired the construction permit and entered into the Agreement, he believed that the Jukebox
Radio music format would appeal to a large number of listeners in Sullivan County.  Moreover,
when the station went on the air, Weis directed his staff to carry public affairs programs and PSAs
aimed at Monticello and Sullivan County.
     34. Specifically Weis consulted with Blabey and arranged for public affairs programs
produced by Blabey and aired on WVOS to be rebroadcast on WJUX on different days and at
different times so that they were heard by a different audience.  The Bureau questions this
arrangement and points to the relatively small number of programs WJUX directed toward Sullivan
County as opposed to Bergen County, but does not show why the programs in question or the
manner of their broadcast in fact were not responsive to the needs of the Monticello area and thus
did not serve the public interest.  These programs included "Open Mike"   a forum for community
leaders to be questioned by listeners   and "People Who Make a Difference"   which highlighted
significant accomplishments of area residents and was produced locally in WJUX's main studio.
Contrary to the exceptors' assertion that the ALJ focused excessively on events occurring after the
Commission began to scrutinize the parties, the latter program aired prior to the FCC inspection and
the issuance of letters of inquiry to Turro and Weis.  Turro had no involvement in the production of
either program.  He stated that when Weis and Blabey decided to broadcast public affairs
programming, he carried that programming on Jukebox Radio.
     35. Similarly, pursuant to Weis's wish to broadcast public service announcements of interest
to the community, Montana gathered material for PSAs and arranged for their broadcast over
WJUX.  Jukebox Radio almost always accepted her suggestions.  If Turro had declined to carry this
programming, Monticello could have deleted Jukebox Radio programming and substituted its own
public affairs programs and PSAs.  Weis also demonstrated his control over station programming at
one point by announcing that WJUX would no longer carry political advertisements.  I.D.,  63.
Weis later rescinded his decision, and WJUX thereafter preempted Jukebox Radio programming to
broadcast local political commercials.  In like manner, Blabey also placed emergency announcements
of local importance on WJUX, such as when weather conditions forced road closings
     36. The Amendment to the Agreement, which was intended to clarify Monticello's
responsibilities in accordance with its obligations to the Commission, is consistent with the evidence
of the parties' actual conduct.  The Amendment provided that Monticello was responsible for
ascertaining community needs and could delete, preempt, or substitute for Jukebox Radio
programming in order to provide its own programming responsive to those needs.  It also stated that
Monticello was responsible for compliance with the Commission's rules including, inter alia, those
governing political programming, sponsorship identification, and maintenance of a public file.  In
these respects, the provisions of the amended Agreement closely approximated the terms of other
brokerage agreements we have approved that did not transfer ultimate control over programming.
See Choctaw Broadcasting Corp., 12 FCC Rcd at 8539; WGPR, Inc., 10 FCC Rcd at 8142-43; Roy
R. Russo, 5 FCC Rcd at 7587.
     37. With regard to the timing of the Amendment, although the Amendment was not signed
until July 1995, it was retroactive to the beginning of the Agreement, which was entered into on
October 17, 1994.  Turro and Weis both testified that they agreed to the Amendment in November
1994, shortly following the Agreement, and five months prior to the Commission's inspection of the
station in April 1995.  They did so on the advice of counsel, who drafted the Amendment.  In these
circumstances, and in view of the fact that WJUX did broadcast public affairs and other
programming not obtained from Jukebox Radio that was responsive to the needs of the community
of Monticello, as early as February 2, 1995, we cannot agree with the exceptors that the Amendment
was merely a reaction to FCC scrutiny.  Finally, with respect to the exceptors' claims regarding
Turro's intentions to provide 100% of WJUX's programming, although Turro planned to purchase
all of WJUX's airtime, as the Bureau recognizes, this too is consonant with Commission rulings
setting no limits on the amount of time a station could sell.  See Gisela Huberman, Esq., 6 FCC Rcd
5397 (MMB 1991); Brian M. Madden, Esq., 6 FCC Rcd 1871 (MMB 1991); Peter D. O'Connell,
Esq., 6 FCC Rcd 1869 (MMB 1991).  By the same token, Turro's sale of WJUX's commercial time
is also consistent with the standard role of a time broker in these arrangements.  See WGPR, Inc., 10
FCC Rcd at 8140; Roy R. Russo, 5 FCC Rcd at 7587.
     38. We also agree with the ALJ that Weis, on behalf of Monticello, and not Turro, exercised
control over WJUX's station personnel.  Weis hired Blabey, as general manager, Montana, as public
affairs director, Spicka, to do engineering work, and Kirschner, as chief operator.  Turro was not
involved in these hiring decisions.  Blabey and Montana had written agreements with Weis regarding
their employment and pay.  Montana was supervised by Blabey and ultimately answered to Weis.
She also understood that Weis supervised Blabey.  Moreover, despite exceptors' contentions, there
is no evidence that Turro exercised ultimate control over WJUX simply by virtue of his position as
chief operator from October 1994 to August 1995. Turro was chief operator at the time of the FCC
inspection in April 1995, so it was not inappropriate for Blabey to put him in contact with Serge
Loginow, the FCC engineer conducting the inspection, to answer questions about station
operations.  In sum, we conclude that neither Turro nor Monticello engaged in an unauthorized
transfer of control of WJUX.  Even if an unauthorized transfer of control had occurred, we have
held that revocation or nonrenewal of a station authorization would not be appropriate in the
absence of concealment and misrepresentation, which we do not find present here.  See  74, infra;
Bennett Gilbert Gaines, 8 FCC Rcd at 1408., and cases cited therein.
     39. As a final matter, although the exceptors argue that the ALJ unduly emphasized the
individual aspects of the traditional test for determining control, as opposed to the parties' history prior
to construction, we find that the ALJ's analysis was consistent with Commission precedent and that, in
any case, the overall circumstances do not warrant a contrary result.  The facts that Turro and Weis had
known each other a long time, that Turro informed Weis of the permit's availability, and that Turro had
previously sought Commission authority to originate programming do not establish that Turro assumed
unauthorized control of the station.  Trinity Broadcasting of Florida, Inc., 14 FCC Rcd 13570 (1999),
vacated in part, No. 99-1183 (D.C. Cir. May 5, 2000), cited by the exceptors, does not support a
departure from the policies we typically consider most indicative of control.  See 14 FCC Rcd at 13596
 72 (examining station finances, personnel matters, and programming in order to determine whether
"parent" entity had power to dominate management of corporate affairs).
                     III. MAIN STUDIO ISSUE
A. Findings
     40. WJUX's community of license, Monticello, with a population of 7,000, and WVOS's
community of license, Liberty, with a population of 5,000, are located about ten miles apart in
Sullivan County, New York.  The main studios of both stations are located in separate quarters in
the same building in Ferndale, New York, which is adjacent to Liberty.  WJUX is a tenant of MBC,
the licensee of WVOS.  I.D.,  67-68.  The HDO raised questions as to whether the WJUX main
studio had program production and transmission capability, remote control equipment to control the
transmitter, a toll-free telephone number for the residents of Monticello, and a meaningful staff
presence.  12 FCC Rcd at 6270-71.
     41. Weis testified that, at the time of the FCC inspection on April 13, 1995 and thereafter,
the WJUX studio was equipped to originate programming and deliver it to the transmitter site for
broadcast.  Herman Hurst, an experienced engineer who did consulting work for Turro and
Monticello, also testified that the WJUX main studio had programming capability.  Turro stated that
the main studio equipment was working at the time WJUX was constructed in October 1994.  Serge
Loginow, Jr., the FCC field engineer who conducted the inspection in April 1995, was shown
WJUX's main studio equipment, including a control board typically found in a studio from which
programming could be originated, as well as a microphone and tape machines.  Blabey stated that he
informed Loginow that programming could be originated from the WJUX studio by throwing a
switch located down the hall in the WVOS transmitter room, without having to visit the WJUX
transmitter site.  Montana also testified that programming could be originated from the WJUX main
studio without leaving the studio building.  I.D.,  69-70, 72, 76-77, 79.
     42. Weis further testified that the WJUX transmitter could be remotely controlled from
WJUX's main studio by telephone dial-up.  At the time of the FCC inspection, Turro informed
Loginow that, although there was "no remote control equipment" at the WJUX studio, there was a
dial-up remote control system available at the main studio.  Blabey testified that at the time of the
inspection there was a telephone at the main studio that could be used, after dialing a number and
entering a code, to control the transmitter.  Montana also testified that there was dial-up remote
control capability for the transmitter from the main studio and that she knew how to use it.  And
Hurst testified that WJUX had remote control capability to its transmitter from its main studio at the
time of the FCC inspection.  Id. at  69, 102, 104-05.
     43. With regard to its staffing, Weis testified that WJUX was adequately staffed by Blabey,
its general manager, and Montana, its public affairs director.  Although Blabey and Montana were
also employed by WVOS, Weis stated that they had more than adequate time to perform their duties
for WJUX.  Because the WJUX and WVOS main studios were located in the same building, Blabey
and Montana were based full time in the Ferndale building.  Id. at  82.
     44. Blabey acted as WJUX's general manager from the time the station began broadcasting.
Blabey's employment agreement with Monticello described him as an "independent consultant on
radio station management matters," and Blabey stated the agreement was structured this way for tax
reasons.  The agreement provided that Blabey would be available to the station during normal
business hours, and Blabey stated that he was already present during those hours in connection with
WVOS.  Blabey stated that he represented the community to Weis because Weis was not a Sullivan
County resident.  Blabey explained that he was involved in the community and participated in civic
organizations on behalf of both WJUX and WVOS, and people in the community associated him
with both stations.  Id. at  84-85.
     45. Blabey recruited and suggested employees for Weis to hire.  All of WJUX's employees,
with the exception of Kirschner, who replaced Turro as chief operator, were hired at Blabey's
recommendation.  Blabey also supervised Montana's work.  Typically Blabey's duties at WJUX
included answering the telephone, going through the mail, handling inquiries, informing Weis of
financial or other matters that required his attention, arranging for programming, and making
decisions.  Blabey was familiar with the station's issues/programs lists, which were prepared by the
Jukebox Radio staff.  He also prepared Arbitron information requests for the station.  Id. at  86-
87.
     46. Blabey stated that he and others in the building could tell if service on WJUX was
interrupted because they monitored the station periodically on the radio and listeners called in.
When he learned that the station was off the air, he took steps to put it back on.  Blabey had an
arrangement whereby Weis paid him commissions for sales made locally for commercials on WJUX.
In February 1995 Blabey sought to engage another salesperson to sell time locally on the station.
Weis approved the hiring of Stan Silverstein for this purpose.  Id. at  88-90.
     47. Montana stated that she worked full time as WVOS's business manager and part time as
WJUX's public affairs director.  Blabey described Montana as a very competent person who held the
WVOS operation together.  She began working for WJUX in October 1994.  Originally she was
engaged as an independent consultant but later became an employee.  When she was first engaged,
Blabey told her she would work the same hours for WJUX as she did for WVOS.  Montana's duties
included picking up the mail at the post office, distributing the mail at the studio building, bringing
to Weis or Blabey's attention mail they needed to see, bringing bills to Blabey and Weis for payment,
handling petty cash, dealing with walk-ins, and taking care of callers' requests.  She remembered
receiving only two listener complaints about WJUX, one involving a listener's inability to receive the
station's signal on his cable system, and the other involving a complaint about the station's music
content.  With respect to the latter, she informed Jukebox Radio, which then made an appropriate
adjustment to its schedule.  Montana monitored the station's broadcasts on her way to and from
work.  When there was a program interruption, she informed WJUX's engineer.  Id. at  91-95.
     48. Montana represented WJUX in the community and made sure that PSAs of interest to
the community were broadcast on the station.  She stated that she had lived in Sullivan County for
approximately twenty years, that people knew she worked for WJUX, and that they told her of
relevant events for broadcast on both WJUX and WVOS.  Montana prepared PSA bulletin boards
for WJUX and WVOS.  She prepared the WVOS bulletin board first and then used it for WJUX.
The bulletin boards were generally the same for both stations, although on one or two occasions she
edited something out of the WVOS bulletin board before using it for WJUX.  She decided, without
consulting Blabey or Weis, what would be included on the bulletin board.  Montana received, but did
not prepare, the programs/issues lists for WJUX and put them in the station's public file.  The public
file was maintained at the Monticello public library, and a copy was kept at WJUX's main studio.
Id. at  96-97.
     49. Turro served as WJUX's chief operator from the time the station went on the air until
mid-1995.  He was then replaced by Kirschner, who was hired by Weis.  Monticello hired Spicka in
August 1995 as an engineer, and he conducted weekly Emergency Action Notification System tests
and meter readings.  Spicka was an employee, not a consultant, and did not work for WVOS.  He
assisted at the time of the FCC inspection, and when a fiber optic cable was cut and the Jukebox
Radio feed interrupted in the summer of 1995, Spicka originated music from the WJUX main studio.
WJUX also employed Charles Martin to fill in when Blabey, Montana, and Spicka were away.  Id.
at  98-100.
     50. On November 2, 1994, WJUX established a local telephone number for its main studio.
The number was publicly listed and was toll-free for Monticello residents.  Calls to the local number
were not answered at the main studio but were forwarded to the Dumont studio and answered there.
In July 1995, subsequent to the FCC inspection, the call-forwarding arrangement was terminated and
all calls to the WJUX telephone number were answered at the WJUX main studio.  Montana
testified that even before a telephone for WJUX was installed in her office in July 1995, people in the
community knew that the WJUX and WVOS studios were located in the same building, and people
wanting to call WJUX would call on the WVOS line.  NYNEX sent the bills for telephone service
from November 1994 to mid-1995 to Jukebox Radio, which paid them.  When Weis discovered that
this was the case, the billing was changed and Monticello paid all subsequent bills for WJUX
telephone service.  Id. at  107-08, 113-14.
B. ALJ Conclusions
     51. With one minor exception, the ALJ found that Monticello was in full compliance with the
Commission's main studio rules.  First, with respect to 47 C.F.R.  73.1120, which provides that
every broadcast station "will be licensed to the principal community . . . which it primarily serves,"
the ALJ rejected the contention that WJUX primarily served Bergen County, New Jersey, rather
than Monticello, New York.  Second, the ALJ found that Monticello complied with 47 C.F.R. 
73.1125(a), which required it to maintain a main studio within the principal community contour of
the station, because its main studio in Ferndale, New York was located within that contour.  Third,
with regard to 47 C.F.R.  73.1125(c) (currently 73.1125(d)), which requires a broadcast station to
"maintain a local telephone number in its community of license or a toll-free number," the ALJ
determined that the station violated this provision for a brief time because it did not maintain a local
telephone number until November 2, 1994, which was twelve days after it began broadcasting on
October 21, 1994.  The ALJ concluded that this rule violation was de minimis.  As for the period
from November 2, 1994 to July 1995, when calls were forwarded to Dumont, New Jersey, the ALJ
held that there was no rule violation because calls to the WJUX number during this period were toll-
free for residents of Monticello.
     52. With regard to program origination capability, the ALJ concluded that the testimony of
numerous witnesses established that the WJUX main studio contained all the equipment necessary
for program production and that the equipment was capable of being used for that purpose.
Similarly, with regard to remote control capability, the ALJ found that the WJUX transmitter was
capable of being controlled by remote control from either the WJUX main studio or the Dumont
studio, that WJUX's employees at the main studio knew how to use the dial-up remote control
system, and that such operation was fully consistent with Commission requirements.  Finally, as to
the staffing at WJUX's main studio, the ALJ found that the presence of Blabey and Montana at the
Ferndale main studio building constituted a meaningful management and staff presence that was fully
consistent with Commission precedent.  In the ALJ's view, the record clearly reflected that the
WJUX main studio was attended on a full-time basis during normal business hours by Blabey and
Montana.
C. Exceptions
     53. The Bureau argues that the I.D. erroneously concluded that Blabey and Montana
constituted a meaningful management presence at WJUX.  With respect to Blabey, the Bureau states
that WJUX's issues/programs lists were not prepared by him, but by Turro's Jukebox Radio staff,
that Blabey was engaged only as an independent consultant and paid a weekly consulting fee, that he
continued to work as WVOS's general manager, and that his overriding concern was the operation
of WVOS, not WJUX.  With respect to Montana, the Bureau points out that, notwithstanding her
role in preparing PSA bulletin boards, the decision as to what PSAs were actually produced and
broadcast was made at the Dumont studio, that she also was engaged initially by WJUX as an
independent consultant, and that she functioned full-time as WVOS's business manager.  Finally,
because it believes the evidence shows that Turro, rather than Monticello's staff, controlled the
operation of WJUX, the Bureau asserts it was error for the ALJ to find that Monticello complied
with the managerial presence requirement of the main studio rule.
     54. Universal argues first that the Monticello main studio did not have a WJUX sign and thus
could not be considered readily accessible to the community of license.  Second, Universal maintains
that WJUX did not have a meaningful managerial and staff presence at its facility because it only had
a part-time skeletal staff of two consultants whose primary responsibilities ran to WVOS. Third,
Universal asserts that WJUX did not maintain a local toll-free telephone number and that its call-
forwarding arrangement was insufficient.  And, finally, Universal contends that WJUX did not have
satisfactory transmitter remote control capability at its main studio.
     55. In reply, Monticello asserts that its main studio in Ferndale, New York is readily
accessible to the public because it is within the station's principal community contour.  It further
argues that its lack of a local telephone number for a twelve day period does not warrant an adverse
determination against it under the rule or imposition of a sanction.  Next it contends that the I.D.
correctly found that WJUX had remote control capability.  Finally, Monticello maintains that its
employment of Blabey and Montana meets the Commission's requirement of having a meaningful
managerial and staff presence at the main studio.
D. Discussion
     56. This issue pertains to whether Monticello complied with the provisions of the
Commission's main studio rules with regard to WJUX.  "A station must maintain a main studio
which has the capability adequately to meet its function . . . of serving the needs and interests of the
residents of the station's community of license."  See Main Studio and Program Origination Rules,
3 FCC Rcd 5024, 5026 (1988).  We conclude that, except for the one infraction found by the ALJ,
Monticello met our requirements, and that its one violation was too minor to warrant revocation of
Monticello's authorization or imposition of a forfeiture.
     57. First, the WJUX main studio in Ferndale, New York was located within the station's
principal community contour, in accordance with 47 C.F.R.  73.1125(a).  The fact that for a time
there was no sign identifying the WJUX main studio does not mean the studio was not readily
accessible to the public, as Universal alleges.  The record shows, through Montana's testimony, that
people in the local community knew she worked for WJUX and would bring to her attention
relevant events for broadcast over the station, and, even before a telephone was installed in her
office and a sign placed out front, people in the community knew that the WJUX studio was located
in the same building as the WVOS studio.
     58. Second, there is no question that, during the first twelve days WJUX was on the air
October 21 to November 2, 1994 -- Monticello did not comply with the requirement of 47 C.F.R. 
73.1125(c) that it "maintain a local telephone number in its community of license or a toll-free
number."  But this was not by itself a matter warranting a sanction, particularly since it was
corrected after a relatively short time, and Monticello was truthful in reporting the violation in
response to the Bureau's letter of inquiry and during pre-hearing discovery.  We disagree with
Universal that Monticello also violated this rule for a longer period between November 1994 and
July 1995.  Before all calls to WJUX were answered at the WJUX main studio beginning in July
1995, calls to the WJUX number that were forwarded to the Dumont studio and answered there still
were toll-free for Monticello residents, as the rule requires.  Moreover Montana explained that, prior
to July 1995, because local residents knew that the WJUX and WVOS studios were in the same
building, people wanting to call WJUX would do so on the WVOS line.  In these circumstances, we
conclude that Monticello was in compliance during this period.
     59. There is no support for Universal's additional claim that WJUX did not have transmitter
remote control capability at its main studio.  Weis, Blabey, Montana, and Hurst all testified to the
existence of a telephone dial-up remote control system at the main studio.  Blabey and Montana
were familiar with how to use the system, and there was a telephone at the main studio that could be
used for this purpose.
     60. The exceptors also argue that Monticello did not maintain a meaningful management and
staff presence at WJUX.  We disagree.  The Commission requires a station to have a meaningful
management and staff presence at its main studio in order to "help expose stations to community
activities, help them identify community needs and interests and thereby meet their community
service requirements."  See Main Studio and Program Origination Rules, 3 FCC Rcd at 5026.  In
this regard, we have stated that a main studio must be staffed by management and staff personnel at
all times during normal business hours.  This standard requires management and staff presence on a
full-time basis, which may be satisfied by more than two people working on part-time bases.  See
Jones Eastern of the Outer Banks, Inc., 6 FCC Rcd 3615 (1991), clarified, 7 FCC Rcd 6800 (1992).
Specifically:
     We require that management personnel report to work at the main studio on a daily
     basis, spend a substantial amount of time there and . . . use the studio as a 'home
     base.'  Ultimately, that management presence must remain responsible for whatever
     station operations occur from that studio.  To the extent that the staff person may
     fully perform . . . station functions with time to spare, and coverage of the main
     studio permits, that person may also take on responsibilities for another business, as
     long as the main studio remains attended during normal business hours.
7 FCC Rcd at 6802.  Monticello satisfied these requirements.
     61. Monticello maintained a meaningful management and staff presence at WJUX through its
employment of Blabey and Montana.  Because of their other employment with WVOS, whose studio
was in the same building as WJUX's, they were in the main studio building on a full-time basis
during regular business hours.  Blabey's employment agreement with WJUX specified that he would
be available during normal business hours, and he stated that he already was present during those
hours in connection with WVOS.  Similarly, Montana was told by Blabey that she would work the
same hours for WJUX as she did for WVOS.  It is clear from the record that both had significant
work duties at WJUX and put in substantial time on a daily basis at the station's main studio.
Blabey performed managerial duties, including recruiting employees who were subsequently hired by
Weis, supervising Montana, arranging for public affairs programming and emergency announcements
to be broadcast over WJUX, putting the station  back on when it went off the air, and representing
WJUX in the community through his membership in civic organizations.  Montana had numerous
staff duties, which included dealing with listeners requests and complaints, distributing the mail and
bringing important items to the attention of Weis or Blabey, and seeing to it that PSAs of local
interest were broadcast in connection with her preparation of a PSA bulletin board.
     62. We also disagree with the exceptors' specific objections to the status of these two
employees.  First, although Blabey was designated a consultant, this was done for tax reasons and
did not affect his management duties or responsibilities at WJUX.  Second, Weis testified that both
Blabey and Montana had more than sufficient time to perform their jobs for WJUX notwithstanding
their other employment at WVOS.  Although the Bureau expresses concern over the WJUX staff's
employment by a "potential competitor," it does not show how the relationships in question had any
impact on the job performance of Blabey or Montana.  Additionally their part-time status at WJUX
was not in itself significant because we only require a full-time presence at the main studio, not that
each person be employed on a full-time basis.  The WJUX main studio remained attended by Blabey
and Montana during regular business hours.  See Jones Eastern of the Outer Banks, Inc., 7 FCC Rcd
at 6802 (management personnel not required to be "chained to their desks" during normal business
hours and staff personnel may hold other jobs).  It is also clear from the record that the roles of these
employees, including the time required for them to perform their duties at WJUX and their pay, were
reflective of the existence of the time brokerage arrangement between the parties under the Network
Affiliation Agreement, and the fact that substantially all of the programming and advertising for
WJUX was provided by Jukebox Radio.  Finally, because we have already concluded that Turro did
not exercise unauthorized control over WJUX, we disagree with the Bureau that his operational
activities undermined Monticello's compliance with the managerial presence requirement of the main
studio rules.
          IV. MISREPRESENTATION/LACK OF CANDOR ISSUES
     63. These issues relate largely to matters already discussed in this opinion, but involve
specifically the question of whether Turro or Weis made statements with respect to these matters
that were not true.
A. Findings
     64. On June 21, 1995, the Bureau's Complaints and Investigations Branch sent a letter of
inquiry to Turro regarding the details of his translator station operations and his relationship with
WJUX.  Turro filed a response to the Bureau letter on July 30, 1995.  With respect to his
translators, Turro stated that Jukebox Radio programming he produced at the Dumont studio was
delivered by telephone line to WJUX, that it was broadcast by WJUX pursuant to the terms of the
Network Affiliation Agreement, that the WJUX broadcasts were received off the air at the Pomona
translator and rebroadcast, and that the Pomona translator rebroadcasts, in turn, were received off
the air at the Fort Lee translator and rebroadcast.  Turro also stated that, prior to January 10, 1995,
the date Weis transferred his interest in the Pomona translator to him, the WJUX signal was received
directly off the air at the Fort Lee translator rather than through the Pomona translator.  Supported
by an engineering statement from Hurst, Turro stated that although an acceptable signal can be
received off the air at the Fort Lee translator site, a better signal can be received at the Pomona
translator, and thus that is where the WJUX signal is received for rebroadcast.  Turro also stated
that none of the programming created at the Dumont studio was delivered by telephone line to either
the Fort Lee or Pomona translator.  I.D.,  198-200.
     65. With respect to his relationship to WJUX, Turro stated that he had no ownership interest
in Monticello, that he did not pay to construct the station's facilities or guarantee the repayment of
funds borrowed for construction, that he did not pay WJUX's operating expenses except for its
telephone bills, and did not control its programming.  Turro stated that he did assist Weis in
installing equipment at WJUX, that he provided Weis with $40,000 as an inducement to enter into
the Network Affiliation Agreement, and that he served as chief operator of WJUX until May 1,
1995.  As to WJUX's programming, Turro stated that Monticello had complete discretion to delete
or preempt Jukebox Radio programming and broadcast other programming.  Id. at  203.
     66. On June 21, 1995, the Bureau's Complaints and Investigations Branch sent a letter of
inquiry to Monticello regarding the details of WJUX's ownership, operation, and control.
Monticello filed a response with the Bureau on July 28, 1995.  In the response Weis stated that he
was the sole owner of Monticello and that Turro had never held an ownership interest in WJUX.
Weis asserted that he provided all of the funds used to construct the station, that he had on hand
much of the needed equipment, and that the only money he borrowed in this connection was
$15,000 from his mother.  He further stated that Turro paid him $40,000 as an inducement to enter
into the Network Affiliation Agreement and that Weis applied these funds to meet his obligations to
Fishman.  Id. at  204-05.
     67. Weis stated that he controlled WJUX's financial records, paid WJUX's operating
expenses except for the telephone bills that Turro had paid, and hired station personnel.  The
telephone bills were sent to and paid by Turro as the result of an oversight, Weis stated, which was
being corrected.  Weis also stated that WJUX's main studio was located within the station's
principal community contour, that it was open to the public, that the station's public inspection file
was maintained at the main studio, and that the program "Sullivan County People Who Make a
Difference" was recorded there.  Weis asserted that Blabey and Montana had their offices at the
main studio and were present there during normal business hours, that the main studio had program
origination capability, and that a remote control point for the WJUX transmitter was located there.
He affirmed that he was solely responsible for WJUX's programming policies and for Monticello's
decision to enter into the Network Affiliation Agreement.  Id. at  206-08.
B. ALJ Conclusions
     68. The ALJ concluded that at all times Turro dealt with the Commission in a truthful,
candid, and forthright manner.  Specifically the ALJ found that Turro did not lack candor in his
request for a declaratory ruling, and that even if Turro had disclosed more details in his request,
including his intention to program WJUX fulltime, the Bureau's ruling, based on its
contemporaneous precedent, would not have been substantially different.  The ALJ also found that
Turro's statement in response to the Bureau's letter of inquiry that he had no present or future
ownership interest in Monticello was accurate, and that Turro also disclosed in his response that he
was providing all of the programming for WJUX and was personally guaranteeing Jukebox Radio
payments to Monticello.  Additionally the ALJ found the fact that Turro entered into a network
affiliation agreement instead of a time brokerage arrangement was not deceptive or decisionally
significant.  Finally the ALJ concluded that Turro lived up to the representations made in his request
for a declaratory ruling.
     69. The ALJ also concluded that both Monticello and Weis dealt with the Commission in a
truthful, candid, and forthright manner.  Specifically the ALJ found that Weis's statements in
response to the Bureau's letter of inquiry were truthful because Weis, rather than Turro, was in sole
control of WJUX's finances.  Moreover, the ALJ held, the financial arrangements between Turro
and Monticello were fully disclosed.  In addition, the ALJ found that Weis truthfully represented that
he, and not Turro, had ultimate supervisory control of WJUX's programming.  Weis's statements
concerning Blabey and Montana and the capabilities of the WJUX main studio were also accurate,
the ALJ concluded.
C. Exceptions
     70. The Bureau argues that, contrary to claims made by Turro and Monticello in their
responses to the Bureau's letters of inquiry and in Weis's testimony, Turro controlled WJUX's
programming.  In the Bureau's view, Turro did not simply provide a network feed to WJUX, which
Monticello was free to accept or reject, but, rather, all of WJUX's programming was transmitted
from Turro's Dumont studio.  Jukebox Radio had complete discretion to reject programming
received from Blabey and Montana, the Bureau asserts, and Weis and his staff did not know if
Jukebox Radio broadcast the PSAs Montana sent via the WJUX bulletin board.  Moreover, the
Bureau avers, Jukebox Radio or Turro prepared the station's issues/programs lists, even though the
amended network affiliation agreement provided that Monticello was responsible for doing so.  The
Bureau contends that Turro and Monticello lacked candor in failing to reveal the totality of their
programming arrangement and in seeking to conceal the true nature of Turro's control.  The parties
were motivated to deceive, the Bureau concludes, because their arrangement was not consistent with
the Bureau's November 1991 ruling or the Commission's translator rules.
     71. Universal contends that Turro misrepresented by fraudulently inducing the Bureau to
issue its 1991 ruling.  Having been rebuffed in his previous attempts to obtain authority to initiate
programming on his Fort Lee translator, Universal argues, Turro was motivated to conceal from the
Bureau important information including his intention to provide all of WJUX's programming.
Universal maintains that Turro and Weis also did not disclose to the Bureau that Turro would fund
the costs of construction and operation of WJUX and assume all the risk of operating the station.
Furthermore, in Universal's view, Turro departed from the letter of the Bureau's ruling because
Turro's relationship with Weis was not a bona fide, arm's length arrangement.  Universal also argues
that Turro and Weis sought to vest control of WJUX in Turro and to conceal that control from the
Commission.  Finally Universal maintains that Turro and Weis deceived the Commission because
WJUX was not intended to serve its community of license, but was created in order to air
programming over the Fort Lee translator for the benefit of Bergen County.
     72. Turro replies to Universal that the Commission did not designate candor issues based on
Turro's actions in obtaining and acting upon the 1991 Bureau ruling.  Nevertheless Turro argues
that his request for a declaratory ruling provided all the material facts.  Turro further argues that he
reasonably relied on the Bureau's ruling and entered into an arrangement with WJUX in exact
compliance with what he requested and the Bureau authorized.  Moreover, Turro states, there is no
evidence that the Bureau was deceived by his actions.
     73. Monticello replies that although it has maintained an ongoing business relationship with
Turro, Weis has controlled all aspects of WJUX's operation since he acquired the construction
permit.  Even if the Commission found otherwise, Monticello asserts, there is no evidence that Weis
intended to deceive the Commission concerning his role with WJUX.  Weis believed, Monticello
states, that the Bureau's ruling authorized the arrangement between Jukebox Radio and Monticello
and that WJUX was operated in accordance with what had been approved.
D. Discussion
     74. These issues pertain to whether Turro misrepresented or lacked candor to the
Commission regarding the operation of his translator stations, and whether Monticello
misrepresented or lacked candor to the Commission regarding the operation of WJUX.  We have
already reviewed many of the underlying facts in the earlier sections of this opinion.  We conclude,
with regard to those matters as well as the additional findings herein, that neither party was
untruthful in its statements or intended to deceive the Commission.  See Fox River Broadcasting,
Inc., 93 FCC 2d 127, 129 (1983) (misrepresentation involves false statements of fact whereas lack
of candor involves concealment or evasion; both must be coupled with intent to deceive).
     75. Turning first to Turro, we are not persuaded by the evidence that Turro intended to
deceive the Commission in obtaining the Bureau's 1991 letter, or that he thereafter dealt deceitfully
with us.  In his request for a declaratory ruling, Turro basically inquired whether a translator station
could purchase air time on the station it rebroadcasts and sell advertising during that time.  The
Bureau understood that Turro was asking whether it was permissible under the rules governing the
operation of translator stations for a translator licensee to enter a time brokerage arrangement with
a primary station, provided that the primary station does not reimburse the translator for the
purchased time or financially support its operation.  Although Turro did not state that he planned to
provide all of the primary station's programming or sell all its advertising, albeit his testimony
indicated that he had in mind purchase of 100% of the station's time, there is no direct evidence that
he intended to mislead the Bureau by deliberately concealing this information or that he had reason
to do so.  As the ALJ found, it was not uncommon at the time for the Bureau to approve time
brokerage arrangements involving comparable if not identical programming and advertising terms
and to point out specifically that the Commission sets no limits on the amount of time a brokered
station may sell.  See, e.g., Peter D. O'Connell, 6 FCC Rcd at 1869.  Moreover, while even useless
deceptions can be a basis for disqualification, see FCC v. WOKO, 329 U.S. 223 (1946), the record
evidence does not support a finding that Turro intentionally withheld these facts in order to get
Bureau approval.  Though Turro's previous unsuccessful efforts to obtain Commission authority to
originate programming on his Fort Lee translator arguably could have motivated him to conceal his
true intentions in this regard, we do not believe the weight of the evidence supports this inference,
particularly since the Commission's prior rulings were a matter of public record, and Turro openly
sought Bureau guidance regarding the relationship between a translator station and a primary
station.
     76. The Bureau maintains that the parties concealed that their arrangement was not
consistent with the Bureau's ruling, but both Turro and Weis expressly believed that the Bureau's
ruling authorized their arrangement.  We stated in the HDO that Turro's belief was not
unreasonable, and we find nothing in the hearing record to change our view.  See  85, infra.
Moreover the parties adhered to the four specific conditions set forth in Turro's request for a
declaratory ruling, namely, that the translator would operate outside the originating station's primary
contour, that the primary station would not financially support the translator station, that the
translator station would observe the Commission's rules governing the purchase of brokered airtime,
and that advertising could be sold to support the programming.  Universal claims that Turro also
sought to deceive the Commission because he entered into a network affiliation agreement, rather
than the time brokerage agreement authorized in the Bureau's 1991 letter, but the record shows that
the agreement was fashioned on the advice of counsel and, in any event, the Bureau has treated these
contractual arrangements identically in applying the Commission's policies regarding station control.
See Joseph A. Belisle, Esq., 5 FCC Rcd 7585 (1990).
     77. Turro's response to the Bureau's letter of inquiry was forthright and consistent with his
actions.  Thus, we disagree with the Bureau's principal contention that, contrary to his statements,
Turro actually controlled WJUX's programming.  Certainly most of the station's programming came
from Jukebox Radio, in accordance with the Network Affiliation Agreement, but Monticello also
provided its own public affairs programming, PSAs, and emergency announcements, as warranted.
As we concluded earlier, Monticello, not Turro, retained ultimate control over WJUX's
programming.  Although Jukebox Radio had discretion to reject Monticello's programming,
Monticello had final authority to delete Jukebox Radio programming and substitute its own
programming.  The Bureau points out that Jukebox Radio prepared WJUX's quarterly
issues/programs lists, but Blabey was familiar with these lists and Montana placed them in the
station's public file at the local library and maintained a copy at the station's main studio.  There is
no evidence of deception in these facts.  Although the Bureau also states that WJUX was not
monitored to determine if Montana's PSAs were broadcast, the record shows that her PSAs almost
always were carried.  In the same vein, although Universal asserts that Turro did not disclose his
funding and advertising plans for WJUX, we have already concluded that these arrangements were
not unusual in a time brokerage setting or indicative of an unauthorized transfer of control of the
station.
     78. For similar reasons, we conclude that Monticello's response to the Bureau's letter of
inquiry and Weis's testimony also were not false or evasive.  Universal contends that WJUX was a
"sham" station, which served Turro's interests in New Jersey, rather than the community of
Monticello, and that Weis was untruthful in maintaining the contrary.  And the Bureau argues that
Monticello was untruthful in describing Turro's control of WJUX's programming.  But the record
simply does not support these contentions.  As we have previously found under the transfer of
control and main studio issues, Weis alone was responsible for WJUX's finances, ultimately
controlled its programming, and was in charge of station personnel.  WJUX also complied with the
fundamental main studio requirements, including having program origination and remote control
capability, and maintaining a meaningful managerial and staff presence.  Thus ultimate decision-
making authority was retained by Monticello, and WJUX served its community of license.  At all
times, Monticello and Weis accurately described these underlying facts to the Commission and
truthfully represented the relationship between the parties under the Network Affiliation Agreement.
     79. Finally, as noted, the ALJ ultimately found that at all times both Turro and Weis "dealt
with the Commission in a truthful, candid, and forthright manner."  I.D.,  294, 302.  Although this
conclusion was not based on explicit demeanor findings with regard to their hearing testimony,
nevertheless, the ALJ actively questioned both witnesses at the hearing and carefully scrutinized their
testimony.  After having an opportunity to observe them, the ALJ accepted their statements.  His
determination that they were forthright "at all stages of this case," id., lends support to our
conclusion that neither engaged in misrepresentation or lacked candor with the Commission. Cf.
Rainbow Broadcasting Co., 13 FCC Rcd 21000, 21013 (1998), aff'd by judgment sub nom. Press
Communications LLC v. FCC, No. 98-1366 (D.C. Cir. May 25, 1999).
                        V. OTHER MATTERS
A. Translator Rules Issue
     80. This issue was specified to determine whether Turro violated Commission rules relating
to the operation of FM translator stations.  Pursuant to 47 C.F.R.  74.1231(b), "[a]n FM translator
may be used for the purpose of retransmitting the signals of a primary FM radio broadcast station or
another translator station the signal of which is received directly through space, converted, and
suitably amplified."  The Commission has stated that the primary FM station signal being rebroadcast
"must be received directly over-the-air at the translator site."  FM Translator Stations, 8 FCC Rcd
at 5093.  The ALJ concluded that Turro's operation of his Fort Lee and Pomona translators was in
complete compliance with this rule.  Specifically the ALJ found that the Fort Lee and Pomona
translators received the off-air signal of WJUX "directly through space" and that, after the Pomona
translator started to rebroadcast WJUX, the Fort Lee translator received the off-air signal of the
Pomona translator "directly through space" and retransmitted the signal of the Pomona translator on
a regular basis.  See  64, supra.
     81. Under 47 C.F.R.  74.531(c), an intercity relay station may be used only "to transmit
aural program material between noncommercial educational FM radio stations and their co-owned
noncommercial educational FM translator stations . . . and between FM radio stations and FM
translator stations operating within the coverage contour of their primary stations."  The ALJ found
that, from late October 1994, when the Fort Lee translator began rebroadcasting WJUX, until early
July 1995, when WMG-499 was deactivated, Turro used his relay station to transmit aural program
material and telemetry or data from his program production studio in Dumont to the Fort Lee
translator, and that such use was unauthorized by the rule.  The ALJ concluded that a $3,000
forfeiture would be the most appropriate sanction for Turro's violation of 47 C.F.R.  74.531(c), but
that assessment of a forfeiture was precluded by the one year statute of limitations contained in 47
U.S.C.  503(b)(6) and 47 C.F.R.  1.80(c)(1).
     82. Based on the results of the field inspections and the other information before the
Commission at the time, the HDO raised questions as to whether the Fort Lee translator was
receiving the programming airing on WJUX directly from Jukebox Radio's Dumont studio and was
not retransmiting WJUX's off-the-air signal, whether intercity relay station WMG-499 was being
used to deliver programming from the Dumont studio directly to the Fort Lee translator, and
whether both translators have also been programmed through telephone lines from the Dumont
studio.  The Bureau does not except to the ALJ's findings or conclusions under this issue, however,
and thus no longer disputes any of these matters.  In a footnote to its exceptions under the
misrepresentation issues, Universal submits that Turro also violated Sections 74.531(c) and
74.1231(b).  Universal argues, based on the testimony of two former Jukebox Radio employees, that
the Fort Lee translator routinely rebroadcast programming received directly from WMG-499, rather
than off the air from WJUX.  We reject this contention as unsupported by the record.  The ALJ
found that the testimony of the witnesses in question, who were working for Universal at the time
of their appearance, was not credible.  Specifically he found their testimony was riddled throughout
by "major contradictions, inconsistencies, inaccuracies, and misunderstandings."  The ALJ also
found that their testimony "was squarely contradicted on all significant points" by credible testimony
from other witnesses.  Moreover, the ALJ found, the discredited witnesses did not have engineering
training or personal knowledge of the equipment and facilities in question.  I.D.,  191-92.  We
have reviewed the evidence and determined that the ALJ's conclusions are amply supported by the
record.  Accordingly we affirm the ALJ's resolution of this issue.
B. 47 C.F.R.  74.1232(d)
     83. In its exceptions, Universal argues that the ALJ should not have granted renewal of
Turro's translator station licenses because Turro is in violation of 47 C.F.R.  74.1232(d).  In
pertinent part, this rule provides that '[a]n authorization for an FM translator whose coverage
contour extends beyond the protected contour of the commercial primary station . . . will not be
granted to any person or entity having any interest whatsoever, or connection with a primary FM
station."  Universal contends that the ALJ's action fundamentally misconstrued the HDO, which
found, according to Universal, that the relationship between Turro and Weis violated this rule
provision.
     84. In a further pleading, styled Renewed Petition for Extraordinary Relief and Issuance of
an Order Requiring Turro to Come into Immediate Compliance with 47 C.F.R.  74.1232
("Renewed Petition for Extraordinary Relief"), Universal requests that the Commission issue an
order in this proceeding directing Turro to cease violating 47 C.F.R.  74.1232(d).  Universal asks
that we order Turro either (1) immediately to terminate his programming and other connections with
WJUX, or (2) immediately to cease rebroadcasting WJUX on his translator stations.  All of the other
parties, including the Bureau, oppose Universal's Renewed Petition for Extraordinary Relief.
     85. First, we deny Universal's exception.  We disagree that the ALJ misunderstood the HDO
and erred in renewing Turro's authorizations in spite of the requirements of 47 C.F.R.  74.1232(d).
There was no 47 C.F.R.  74.1232(d) issue designated for hearing for the ALJ to consider.  We
made clear in the HDO that the ultimate determination in this proceeding of whether the public
interest would be served by a grant of Turro's renewal applications was not to be based on any
violation of 47 C.F.R.  74.1232(d).  In addressing this matter, we explained that, because 47 C.F.R.
 74.1232(d) prohibits Turro from having any interest or connection with WJUX apart from
rebroadcasting its programming over his translator stations, and Turro is a party to the Network
Affiliation Agreement, which is a further business relationship with WJUX, the Bureau correctly
advised Turro by letter on April 5, 1996 that these relationships violate the rule.  We went on to
state:
     With respect to this violation, however, we acknowledge that the Bureau issued
     Turro a letter in 1991 which he may have construed to authorize his relationship with
     WJUX and Monticello.  We agree with the Bureau that the 1991 letter was not so
     broad as to authorize what is now known to be the relationship between WJUX and
     the translators.  We find Turro's contention to the contrary, however, is not
     unreasonable.  Accordingly, we will not pursue in this proceeding any violation of
     Section 74.1232(d) that may have resulted from Turro's reliance on the 1991 letter.
HDO, 12 FCC Rcd at 6269 n. 13.  In view of this determination, which is still valid, we reject
Universal's contention and reaffirm that Turro's violation of 47 C.F.R.  74.1232(d) is beyond the
scope of the hearing and is not relevant in evaluating Turro's qualifications as a licensee.
     86. Notwithstanding the express ruling in the HDO, Universal persists that Turro could not
justifiably have relied on the Bureau's 1991 ruling because he procured the letter through
misrepresentation and then preceded to depart from the terms of the Bureau's ruling.  We disagree.
For the reasons already stated in this opinion, we conclude that Turro did not engage in
misrepresentation or lack candor with the Commission either in connection with obtaining the
Bureau's 1991 declaratory ruling or in any of his subsequent actions involving the operation of his
translator stations and his relationship with WJUX.
     87. We also deny Universal's Renewed Petition for Extraordinary Relief.  By way of
background, as we recited in the HDO and noted above, the Bureau advised Turro by letter dated
April 5, 1996 that so long as one or both of his translators continue to rebroadcast WJUX's off-air
programming, he must cease from having any interest in or connection with WJUX.  Alternatively,
the Bureau advised that so long as Turro continues to have an interest in or connection with WJUX,
he must cease from rebroadcasting its programming over his translators.  The Bureau afforded Turro
sixty days to come into compliance with 47 C.F.R.  74.1232.  At the same time, the Bureau
acknowledged that its 1991 letter advised Turro that his proposal would not be prohibited by the
Commission's rules, but stated that its earlier letter contemplated a minimal connection between
Turro and the primary station and did not anticipate the substantial relationship that Turro
subsequently established with WJUX.
     88. In response to the Bureau's April 5, 1996 letter, on May 31, 1996, Turro filed an
application to assign his translator licenses to a trust created for his benefit but controlled by a
trustee, Stephen M. Gansler.  In a June 5, 1996 letter, the Bureau authorized Turro to continue his
stations' current program service during the pendency of the assignment application.  On August 13,
1996, the Bureau ruled that Turro's assignment proposal did not comply with the April 5, 1996
directive -- largely because Turro retained an interest as the beneficiary of the proposed trust -- and
it ordered Turro to state what further steps he would take to achieve compliance.  Gerard A. Turro,
11 FCC Rcd 22346 (1996).  On September 6, 1996, Turro requested the dismissal of that
assignment application, and we granted this request in the HDO.  On the same date, Turro filed a
new application to assign his translator stations to Press Broadcasting, Inc.  In the HDO, we stated
that we would hold this application in abeyance pending the resolution of the designated hearing
issues.  There the matter stands.
     89. We will not grant Universal's request that we order Turro to comply with 47 C.F.R. 
74.1232(d) by immediately terminating his connection with WJUX or ceasing to rebroadcast its
signal.  As explained in the HDO, and confirmed in this decision, because Turro's understanding of
the Bureau's 1991 ruling was not unreasonable, we decided not to pursue in this proceeding any
violation of Section 74.1232(d).  Moreover, we believe this result is further supported by the recent
opinion of the court of appeals in Trinity Broadcasting of Florida, Inc. v. FCC, No. 99-1183 (D.C.
Cir. May 5, 2000).  There the court vacated the Commission's denial of renewal of a broadcast
license because the Commission had failed to give fair notice of the requirement upon which the
denial was based.  Similarly, in this case, Turro was not afforded adequate notice in 1991 in response
to his request for a declaratory ruling that his proposed time brokerage arrangement would be
violative of Section 74.1232(d), and it therefore would be inappropriate to impose a sanction upon
him based on this violation.
     90. It now appears that Turro is attempting to come into compliance with the rule and the
Bureau's April 1996 directive by assigning his licenses to Press.  Indeed, from the time he was
informed of the Bureau's revised understanding of the prevailing law in April 1996, Turro has timely
sought to comply by assigning his licenses.  According to Turro, he is currently proposing an
"unconditional sale" of his translators to Press (Opposition to Renewed Petition for Extraordinary
Relief at 6), a transaction that presumably contains none of the objectionable features of the trust
arrangement previously proposed by Turro and rejected by the Bureau.  As such, grant of the
pending assignment application may well moot any remaining question of Turro's rule compliance.
As noted, we have held this assignment application in abeyance pending completion of this hearing
proceeding, and we believe that the pending assignment application is the appropriate context for
resolution of this matter.  Accordingly we direct the Bureau to consider, on the basis of its review
and disposition of Turro's assignment application, whether any further action is required to
accomplish full compliance with our translator rules.
              VI. CONCLUSIONS AND ORDERING CLAUSES
     91. We conclude that neither Turro nor Monticello engaged in an unauthorized transfer of
control of WJUX, that Monticello fundamentally complied with the rules governing the maintenance
of a main studio for WJUX, that Turro did not misrepresent or lack candor to the Commission
concerning the operation of his translator stations, that Monticello did not misrepresent or lack
candor to the Commission concerning the operation of WJUX, and that the ALJ correctly resolved
the issue of Turro's compliance with the rules governing the operation of translator stations.
Therefore, we conclude that the public interest will be served by a grant of Turro's applications for
renewal of his translator licenses, and that Monticello possesses the requisite qualifications to be and
remain a Commission broadcast permittee.
     92. ACCORDINGLY, IT IS ORDERED That the Motion for Expedited Processing filed
October 20, 1999 by Universal Broadcasting  of New York, Inc. IS DISMISSED; and that the
Renewed Petition for Extraordinary Relief and Issuance of an Order Requiring Turro to Come into
Immediate Compliance with 47 C.F.R.  74.1232 filed October 20, 1999 by Universal Broadcasting
of New York, Inc. IS DENIED.
     93. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED That the applications of Gerard A. Turro for renewal of
license for FM translator stations W276AQ(FM), Fort Lee, New Jersey, and W232AL(FM),
Pomona, New York (File Nos. BRFT-970129YC and BRFT-970129YD), ARE GRANTED.
     94. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED That the construction permit of Monticello Mountaintop
Broadcasting, Inc. for FM radio station WJUX(FM), Monticello, New York, IS NOT REVOKED.
     95. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED That the application of Monticello Mountaintop
Broadcasting, Inc. for a license to cover the construction of WJUX's facilities (File No. BLH-
941031KD) IS GRANTED.
     96. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED That this proceeding IS TERMINATED.
                              FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
                              Magalie Roman Salas
                              Secretary