Title: NIJ Research Portfolio 1998.
Series: Portfolio
Author(s): National Institute of Justice
Published: National Institute of Justice, November 1998
Subject(s): Crime prevention, criminal justice system, technology in law
enforcement, program evaluation, and funding resources
125 pages
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U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs
810 Seventh Street N.W.
Washington, DC 20531

Janet Reno
Attorney General
U.S. Department of Justice

Raymond C. Fisher
Associate Attorney General

Laurie Robinson
Assistant Attorney General

Noel Brennan
Deputy Assistant Attorney General

Jeremy Travis
Director, National Institute of Justice

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Office of Justice Programs
World Wide Web Site:
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov

National Institute of Justice
World Wide Web Site:
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij

-------------------------------

The National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office of Justice
Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance, Bureau of
Justice Statistics, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention,
and Office for Victims of Crime.

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NIJ Research Portfolio 1998
November 1998
NCJ 171670

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR

Drugs and Crime
Residential Substance Abuse Treatment
Violence
Intramural Projects
Research Applications Contract Projects

CRIME CONTROL AND PREVENTION

Community Policing
Crime Mapping
Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program
Firearms Research
Locally Initiated Partnerships--Policing
Intramural Projects
Research Applications Contract Projects

CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

Corrections
Courts
Law Enforcement Family Support Program
Intramural Projects
Research Applications Contract Projects

TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Community-Oriented Policing Technology

DNA 5-Year Plan
Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program
National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers
Less-Than-Lethal Technology

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INTRODUCTION

This Portfolio contains all ongoing research, evaluation, and program
development activities supported by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
through May 30, 1998.

Each project in this Portfolio is part of NIJ's overall strategic plan to
respond to the Nation's critical criminal justice concerns. The projects
include only currently active intramural research conducted by NIJ staff
and currently active extramural research, conducted through grants,
interagency and cooperative agreements, contracts, and fellowships. 

An asterisk (*) identifies awards supported by the Violent Crime Control
and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (Crime Act). 

NIJ's Solicitations

The Institute's approach to research is described in the NIJ Prospectus,
Building Knowledge About Crime and Justice. An open solicitation
invites investigator-initiated proposals in broadly defined areas of
research. Focused solicitations for research on specific issues and
programs are issued throughout the year. Many solicitations focus on
research emphasized by the 1994 Crime Act: community policing,
sentencing and correctional programs, violence against women, and drug
courts. 

How to Find a Grant

The Portfolio lists projects alphabetically by title within four main
categories and several subcategories that reflect NIJ's administrative
structure (see the table of contents).

Many grants logically overlap categories but space limitations prevent
listing grants in more than one category. Readers who are looking for
specific topics will find the subject index on page 64 useful in locating
topics (such as domestic violence, gangs, or community policing) that
administratively fall under more than one category. 

Subcategories within each of the four main topic areas include: 

o Extramural research--awards made to organizations and researchers not
affiliated with NIJ.

o Intramural research--projects conducted by NIJ staff.

o Research Applications Contract Projects-- projects that focus on the
dissemination of critical research findings and important innovations in
criminal justice practices. 

For Further Information

For online access to this Portfolio, connect to the NIJ World Wide Web
page at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij or the Justice Information Center at
http://www.ncjrs.org. 

To learn more about NIJ's research activities, visit the NIJ Web site at
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij. 

For information regarding the funding opportunities resulting from the
1994 Crime Act, contact the Department of Justice Response Center at
(800) 421-6770. For information about research conducted under the
Crime Act, obtain a copy of Criminal Justice Research under the Crime
Act--1995 to 1996 (NCJ 166142) available from the National Criminal
Justice Reference Service, P.O. Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849-6000,
(800) 851-3420 or (301) 519-5500, http://www.ncjrs.org, or e-mail:
askncjrs@ncjrs.org.

CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR

Changing Patterns of Homicide and Social Policy in Three American
Cities

North Carolina State University
Margaret Zahn
95-IJ-CX-0115
This research documents changes in the types and numbers of homicides
across time in three American cities to determine neighborhood correlates
of homicide victimization and offending.

Correlates of Specialization and Escalation in Criminal Careers

Pennsylvania State University, Office of Sponsored Programs
Chester Britt
97-IJ-CX-0020
This project is investigating factors that might predict the likelihood that
offenders will specialize in a crime type or escalate to more serious forms
of crime over the course of their criminal career. 

Delinquent Networks in Philadelphia: Policing Gangs

Temple University
Joan McCord
92-IJ-CX-K008
This project focuses on gang structures, delinquent networks, gang
interaction patterns, the ways in which gang structures affect individual
involve-ment in criminal activities, and the criminal justice system's
response to these activities.

Evaluation of G.R.E.A.T.

University of Nebraska, Omaha
Finn-Aage Esbensen
94-IJ-CX-0058
This project supports the longitudinal evaluation of the Gang Resistance
Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) program, a school-based gang
prevention curriculum taught by law enforcement officers.

Female Gang Involvement in the Midwest: Two-City Comparison

University of Southern California
Jody Miller
96-IJ-CX-0005
This project explores the etiology of female participation in gangs in
Cleveland and Columbus, Ohio, and the structural and cultural contexts in
which gangs emerge and operate.

Health Care Fraud Control in an Electronic Environment: Phase II

Harvard University
Malcolm K. Sparrow
96-IJ-CX-0010
This evaluation assesses the state of the art in fraud controls in the health
care industry by examining the effects of electronic claims processing and
the increased prevalence of managed care on patterns of fraud.
Recommendations will be made for improving health care fraud controls.

Immigration and Naturalization Service Detention and Removal: A "White
Paper"

Yale Law School
Peter H. Schuck
97-IJ-CX-0005
This report examines the limitations of the Immigration and Naturalization
Service's (INS) current detention strategies and explores possible
improvements and alternatives.

Impact Evaluation of the Opportunity To Succeed (OPTS) Program

The Urban Institute
Shellie Rossman
94-IJ-CX-0010
This 4-year evaluation includes a process evaluation, an impact evaluation,
and a cost-benefit analysis of the OPTS program, which provides an array
of services to probationers and parolees returning to their communities.

Longitudinal Implementation of the Children-at-Risk Program

The Urban Institute
Adele Harrell
92-DD-CX-0031
This 4-year evaluation of the Children-at-Risk Program--the 3-year
program interval plus 1 year of followup for the last cohort completing
services--includes a process evaluation, an impact evaluation, and a cost-
benefit analysis.

Secondary Analyses of the Impact of Co-offending in Criminal Justice
Data Sets

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Elin J. Waring
96-IJ-CX-0012
This award supports sophisticated statistical analyses to develop improved
models that can assess the impact of co-offending in terms of criminal
justice outcomes. 

Youth Groups and Gangs in Europe

University of Southern California
Malcolm W. Klein
98-IJ-CX-0027
This award is supporting a multinational workshop on coordinated
approaches to street-gang research in Europe.

o Drugs and Crime

Assessment of the High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA)

BOTEC Analysis Corporation
Patricia M. Reinhardt
97-IJ-CX-0044
Five sites--Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York City, and the
Southwest Border--that participated in the High-Intensity Drug Trafficking
Areas program are being evaluated to ascertain effectiveness of program
implementation, distribution of program resources, and ability to foster
interagency cooperation.

Breaking the Cycle

University of Alabama, Birmingham
L. Foster Cook
96-IJ-CX-0065
This award supports a demonstration project that tests hypotheses about
the linkages between drugs and crime by combining drug treatment with
criminal justice sanctions and incentives. 

Cocaine Alternative Treatment Study (CATS)

National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia
University
Herbert D. Kleber
97-IJ-CX-0026
This award assists the Cocaine Alternative Treatment Study in monitoring
six data collection sites during the first year of operation through
development of a data management system that will track site
performance, analyze program and client data, and assess compliance with
protocol.

COMBAT (Community-Backed Anti-Drug Tax) Program Evaluation

Abt Associates Inc.
Dana Hunt
96-IJ-CX-0091
This evaluation collects data about COMBAT and analyzes the cost-
effectiveness of a wide variety of programs to enforce drug laws,
prosecute and punish offenders, prevent drug use and associated crime,
and treat drug users.

Drug Monitoring in Criminal Justice Management Applications 

Orleans Parish District Attorney
Tom Mieczkowski
96-IJ-CX-0001
This project is testing a criminal justice population for exposure to illicit
drugs using an ion mobility spectrometer. The project includes an
evaluation of the feasibility of integrating this technology into current
drug-testing protocols of urinalysis and hair assays.

Evaluation of Breaking the Cycle

The Urban Institute
Adele Harrell
97-IJ-CX-0013
This award supports evaluation of a comprehensive and coordinated
program in Birmingham, Alabama, designed to reduce substance abuse
and criminal activity and improve the health and social functioning of
drug-involved offenders by combining drug treatment with criminal
justice sanctions and incentives.

Evaluation of Operation Drug TEST (Testing, Effective Sanctions,
Treatment)

University of California, Los Angeles, and RAND Corporation
Douglas Longshore
97-IJ-CX-0041
Researchers are conducting a comprehensive impact and outcome
evaluation of Operation Drug TEST, a drug testing and monitoring
program for pretrial defendants in 22 Federal judicial districts.

Homeless and Nonhomeless Persons: Patterns of Arrest and Drug Use

California Public Health Foundation
Richard Speigelman
97-IJ-CX-0045
This study is distinguishing patterns of arrest and drug use for homeless
versus nonhomeless persons in U.S. cities that participate in the Drug Use
Forecasting program.

Impact of Managerial Style on the Colombian Distribution of Cocaine to
the Wholesale Level

City University of New York, Research Foundation
Joseph R. Fuentes 
96-IJ-CX-0035

This project examines the organization and operation of wholesale cocaine
dealing, including distribution, marketing, and the role of wholesalers;
disciplinary tactics used for delinquent payments, broken transactions, and
other violations; and adaptive responses to law enforcement operations
such as interdiction, eradication, and money laundering investigations.

Influence of Neighborhood Disadvantage on Delinquency and Drug Use

State University of New York, Albany, Research Foundation
Eric P. Baumer
97-IJ-CX-0028
This award is exploring the effects of individual, family, and
neighborhood characteristics on delinquency and drug use among
adolescents and young adults and possible indirect effects of neighborhood
on key causal paths to delinquency.

Life Course Model of Careers in Crime and Substance Abuse

University of Minnesota
Christopher Uggen
98-IJ-CX-0036
The award examines the effect of employment on drug use and criminal
activity. 

*Reducing Disorder, Fear, and Crime in Public Housing: An Evaluation of
an Advanced Stage Drug Crime Elimination Program

Washington State University
Quint Thurman
96-IJ-CX-0074
Reclaiming Our Area Residents (ROAR) is an ongoing public housing
drug elimination program sponsored by the Spokane (Washington)
Housing Authority and the Spokane Police Department. This study
examines the program's impact on community revitalization. 

Validity of Self-Reported Drug Use Across Five Factors

University of Maryland, College Park
Andre B. Rosay
97-IJ-CX-0051
Drug Use Forecasting data are being used to determine statistically
significant differences in the validity of self-reported drug use based on
gender, ethnicity, age, and offense category.

o Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT)

*Client Motivation in Therapeutic Community Treatment for Offenders

University of Delaware, Newark
Steve Martin
97-RT-VX-K004
This project is evaluating the expansion of Delaware's therapeutic
continuum of residential treatment for drug abusing prisoners.

*Collaborative Evaluation of Pennsylvania's Program for Drug-Involved
Parole Violators

Vera Institute of Justice, Inc.
Douglas Young
98-RT-VX-K002
The Pennsylvania Department of Corrections and the Vera Institute of
Justice are collaboratively evaluating the RSAT program as well as
conducting research on recidivism and recommitment of technical parole
violators to Pennsylvania state prisons.

*Evaluation of Florida's RSAT for State Prisoners Program

Florida State University
Aaron McNeece
97-RT-VX-K007
This project is evaluating the implementation and treatment effects of the
RSAT program at three Florida correctional facilities.

*Evaluation of Jail-Based Treatment in Virginia

University of Maryland, College Park
Faye Taxman
98-RT-VX-K001
This award supports an evaluation of the implementation of the jail-based
substance abuse treatment program and its aftercare component.
Researchers are collecting data about the milieu in both the jail and the
community, tracking the treatment, and monitoring the outcome.

*Evaluation of RSAT

University of Wisconsin, Madison
Paul D. Moberg
97-RT-VX-K001
This project is evaluating local implementation of Wisconsin's RSAT
program, which is located in a minimum security facility and offers a
therapeutic community for prisoners who are dually diagnosed with
psychiatric disorders.

*Evaluation of RSAT for State Prison Inmates

University of New Mexico
Paul Guerin
97-RT-VX-K002
This project is evaluating the "We Are Recovering" therapeutic
community at the Southern New Mexico Correctional Facility and
developing a framework for future evaluation of the program's aftercare
component.

*Evaluation of RSAT for State Prisoners Program

University of Missouri, St. Louis
Mary Beth Johnson
97-RT-VX-K013
The Ozark Correctional Center Drug Treatment Program is being
evaluated to determine whether participation in the program has resulted in
more desirable outcomes for inmates.

*Evaluation of Texas Youth Commission RSAT Chemical Dependency
Treatment

University of Texas, Austin
William R. Kelly
97-RT-VX-K016
The focus of this collaborative effort is an assessment of the relationship
between offender characteristics and predictors and treatment progress and
completion.

*Evaluation of the Barrett Juvenile Correctional Center's Treatment of
Substance Abusing Juvenile Offenders

Virginia Commonwealth University
Jill Gordon
97-RT-VX-K020
The Barrett Juvenile Correctional Center in Virginia is being evaluated to
examine the impact this highly structured program for youth with
moderate-to-severe substance abuse problems has had on the development
of prosocial attitudes and behaviors.

*Evaluation of the Harris County (Texas) Sheriff's Department "New
Choices" Program

University of Houston
Joseph Carbonari
97-RT-VX-K010
New Choices, a program operated by the Harris County Sheriff's
Department in Houston, Texas, is being evaluated to determine the impact
of the program on clients.

*Evaluation of the Forever Free Substance Abuse Program

University of California, Los Angeles
Michael Pendergast
97-RT-VX-K003
This award supports evaluation of "Forever Free," a 6-month residential
treatment program for women inmates that is followed by community
residential treatment.

*Evaluation of the Maxey Substance Abuse Treatment Program

University of Michigan
William Birdsall
97-RT-VX-K008
This award supports an evaluation of the Maxey Training School for
substance abusing youth involved in the Michigan juvenile justice system. 

*Evaluation of the Pine Lodge Prerelease RSAT Community for Women

Washington State University
Dretha Phillips
97-RT-VX-K014
This evaluation is obtaining data on the strengths, weaknesses, and initial
effects on participants of the Pine Lodge Prerelease RSAT in eastern
Washington State.

*Evaluation of the Rhode Island Department of Corrections RSAT
Program

Brown University
Craig Love
97-RT-VX-K012
The Correctional Recovery Academy, operated by the Rhode Island
Department of Corrections, is being evaluated to determine the efficacy of
this cognitive and behavioral residential treatment program.

*Evaluation of the RSAT for State Prisoners Program

University of Illinois, Champaign
Ernest L. Cowles
97-RT-VX-K019
A new program located at the Illinois Youth Center at St. Charles is being
evaluated to provide detailed information on the program's goals, context,
structure, and organizational linkages.

*Evaluation of the South Carolina RSAT for State Prisoners

University of South Carolina
Bill Ruefle
97-RT-VX-K015
The Correctional Recovery Academy, operated by the South Carolina
Department of Corrections, is being evaluated to determine the
effectiveness of the Academy and of the related postrelease continuing
care program.

*Evaluation of the Therapeutic Community Program for Female
Substance Abusing Offenders at the Dwight Corrections Center

Governors State University
Cheryl L. Mejta
97-RT-VX-K017
This award is a process and impact evaluation of a federally funded project
to treat female substance abuse offenders.

*National Evaluation of Prison Substance Abuse Treatment

National Development and Research Institute
Douglas Lipton
97-RT-VX-K006
This project is conducting a national process evaluation of the RSAT for
State Prisoners program, providing assistance to the States, and
performing preliminary work on an outcome evaluation.

*Ohio RSAT Evaluation

Ohio Office of Criminal Justice Services
Richard Mukisa
97-RT-VX-K011
This partnership between the University of Cincinnati and the Ohio Office
of Criminal Justice Services is evaluating all four of Ohio's RSAT
programs.

*"The Other Way" Program Evaluation

University of Iowa
Anita Patterson
97-RT-VX-K009
This award is evaluating the operations and effectiveness of The Other
Way, a substance abuse treatment program for adult men at Iowa's
Clarinda Correctional Facility.

*Therapeutic Milieu in Treatment of Offenders: Evaluation in Maryland

University of Maryland, College Park
Faye S. Taxman
97-RT-VX-K005
This award supports a process and impact evaluation of Maryland's
comprehensive strategy for providing treatment services to offenders both
during incarceration and upon release through an aftercare component.

o Violence

Adolescent Violence: Lethal and Nonlethal

Columbia University, School of Public Health
Jeffrey Fagan
97-IJ-CX-0023
This study of violent incidents among 15-24 year olds living in New York
City in 1986-1995 is identifying the individual, social, and economic risk
factors that contribute to violence among young people.

Adolescent Violence in Schools and Communities

Vera Institute of Justice, Inc.
Mercer Sullivan
97-IJ-CX-0050
This award is using a comparative ethnographic approach to examine
violence in the lives of adolescents, including the effect of violence on
development, the construction of psychological coping mechanisms, the
relationship between the fear of being victimized and the propensity to
victimize others, and the meaning of violence to adolescents.

*Alcohol and Drugs in Domestic Violence: Their Effect on Women's Use
of the Police

University of North Carolina, Charlotte
Ira W. Hutchison

97-IJ-CX-0047
This study investigates the connections between the use of alcohol and
other drugs and women's use of the police in domestic violence incidents.

*Alcohol Problems and Violence Against Women

University of Northern Iowa
William R. Downs
96-WT-NX-0005
This study is describing the relationship between alcohol abuse and
domestic violence among two at-risk populations--women in alcohol
treatment programs and women receiving services as victims of domestic
violence.

Assault Crisis Teams: Preventing Youth Violence Through Monitoring,
Mentoring, and Mediation

St. Louis (Missouri) Metropolitan Police Department
Richard Rosenfeld
94-IJ-CX-K012
This project creates assault crisis teams that work in an emergency
medical treatment center serving high-risk populations, in a juvenile
detention facility, in an adult medium-security institution, and in one or
two neighborhoods with high levels of violence. The project includes an
evaluation of the teams' impact.

Assessing the Use of Medical Records as Legal Evidence in Domestic
Violence Cases

Northeastern University
Nancy Isaac
97-WT-VX-0008
This researcher-practitioner partnership involving the legal, medical, and
victim advocacy communities is evaluating the utility of medical record
information as legal evidence of domestic violence.

Assessment of Family Violence Interventions

National Academy of Sciences
Rosemary Chalk
95-IJ-CX-0001
A committee of experts is developing a synthesis of the relevant research
and expert opinions regarding the strengths and limitations of existing
program interventions in the area of family violence.

Brooklyn Domestic Violence Experiment

Victim Services, Inc.
Robert Davis
94-IJ-CX-0047
This award supports an experimental evaluation of a batterers' treatment
program in Brooklyn, New York, to determine rates of new violence. 

Childhood Victimization and Adult Violence: Using Multiple Measures to
Better Estimate Offending

State University of New York, Albany, Research Foundation
Cathy Spatz Widom
93-IJ-CX-0031
This award, which extends funding for research on childhood
victimization and adult violence, focuses on the use of multiple measures
to better estimate offending.

Comparing Adult and Juvenile Homicides in Los Angeles

University of Southern California
Cheryl Maxson
97-IJ-CX-0018
This project, part of a series of homicide studies, expands to adult
homicides an extensive data collection currently under way on juvenile
homicides in Los Angeles to develop recommendations for improved
criminal justice and community responses. 

Developmental Antecedents of Sexual Aggression

Joseph J. Peters Institute
Robert Prentky
94-IJ-CX-0031
This project collects data on convicted rapists, self-reported sexually
coercive college students, and two control groups to determine if the
develop-mental antecedents of sexual aggression differ among the four
groups.

Dissemination and Communication Activities of the National Consortium
for Violence Research

National Science Foundation
Harmon M. Hosch
97-IJ-CX-A060
This award supports vigorous two-way exchange of ideas, feedback, and
advice between researchers and practitioners regarding approaches being
pursued to prevent or reduce violence.

*Domestic Violence Intervention Project

East Bay Community Foundation
Maria Theresa Viramontes
96-IJ-CX-0098
This research partnership among the East Bay Public Safety Corridor
Partnership, the National Council on Crime and Delinquency, and the
Berkeley (California) Police Department is developing and testing
screening tools to aid police in the decisionmaking process in domestic
violence situations. The project's purpose is to integrate the criminal
justice and rehabilitative/treatment models into a single comprehensive
approach to responding to domestic violence.

Domestic Violence Shelter Population in San Diego

San Diego Association of Governments
Susan Pennell
97-IJ-CX-0007
This award supports creation of a central repository of comprehensive
information on domestic violence shelters and the types of services needed
to improve delivery of services.

*Domestic Violence: Understanding the Criminal Justice Support Systems
for Women in Rural Communities

New Mexico State University
Satya P. Krishnan
97-WT-VX-0003
This award is examining the initial contacts and progressions of 150
women in rural communities through three formal support systems
(shelter, law enforcement, and the court system) for a period of one year,
the factors involved in a woman's decision to seek and use the three formal
support systems, and the services offered by each.

Drugs and Alcohol and Their Connections to Domestic Violence

University of New Mexico
Marjorie Hudson
98-IJ-CX-0031
This award is collecting urine sample, police, and interview data on 400
domestic violence arrestees in Bernalillo County (Albuquerque), New
Mexico, to examine the nexus between substance abuse and domestic
violence.

Effects of Procedural Justice in Spouse Assault: A Reanalysis of the
Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment

University of Maryland, College Park
Raymond Paternoster
96-IJ-CX-0058
This award supports secondary analysis of the NIJ-funded Milwaukee
Domestic Violence Experiment to contribute to understanding of the
deterrent effect of issuing a warning to a suspected abuser versus arresting
the suspect.

*Efficacy of Court-Mandated Counseling for Domestic Violence
Offenders: A Broward County, Florida, Experiment

Florida Atlantic University
Lynette Feder
96-WT-NX-0008
This research assesses the effectiveness of a 26-week counseling
intervention for batterers based on the Duluth, Minnesota, model. Data
from probation reports, monthly treatment attendance and participation
reports, police contacts, and offender and victim reports of violence both
before and after treatment are analyzed.

Estimating the Population at Risk for Violence During Child Visitation

Victim Services Agency
Chris O'Sullivan
98-IJ-CX-0021
The project is examining family court records to determine the extent to
which women attempting to separate from a violent partner face risks of
violence when fathers exercise child visitation rights.

*Evaluation of a Coordinated Community Response to Domestic Violence

Applied Research Associates
Stan Orchowsky
95-WT-NX-0004
This evaluation assesses the effectiveness of the Alexandria (Virginia)
Domestic Violence Intervention Project, which combines a mandatory
arrest policy with a no-drop prosecution strategy, court-mandated
treatment for batterers, and services for battered women, such as
emergency shelter, counseling, and court advocacy.

Evaluation of Tribal Strategies Against Violence Initiative

Orbis Associates
Richard Nichols
97-DD-BX-0031
The Bureau of Justice Assistance's Tribal Strategies Against Violence
initiative is being evaluated to find out what comprehensive strategies
have been implemented by selected sites and to analyze how specific
characteristics of the reservation have affected development of the
initiative.

Evaluation of Victim Advocacy Services in Ohio's Domestic Violence
Cases

Ohio Office of Criminal Justice Services
Carol Bohmer
97-WT-VX-0009
This project assesses the effectiveness of Ohio's advocacy services in
helping women to pursue adjudication of perpetrators and achieve goals in
personal function.

*Exploration of the Experience and Needs of Formerly Intimate Stalking
Victims

West Chester University
Mary P. Brewster
95-WT-NX-0002
This research identifies the evolution and patterns of stalking behavior; the
psychological, financial, physical, and behavioral effects of stalking on its
victims; the effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of legal mechanisms in
protecting victims; the various needs of stalking victims; the factors
related to subsequent violence in stalking cases; and related issues.

Exploring the Links Between Substance Abuse and Domestic Violence

Research Triangle Institute
James Collins, NIJ Visiting Fellow
97-IJ-CX-0009
This award supports a study of programs that integrate domestic violence
services and substance abuse treatment for both batterers and victims.

Exploring Youth Violence Risk and Protective Factors 

University of Southern California
Cheryl Maxson

98-IJ-CX-0020
This award is identifying both the risk and protective factors that relate to
youth violence to determine how these factors can be manipulated to
create effective prevention programs and policies.

*Extent and Nature of Sexual Victimization of College Women

University of Cincinnati
Bonnie Fisher
95-WT-NX-0001
This project collects data from a national sample of women enrolled at
postsecondary institutions in the United States, using structured telephone
inter-views to obtain incident and victimization data.

*Factors Related to Domestic Violence Court Disposition in a Large
Urban Area: The Role of Victim-Witness Reluctance

University of Cincinnati
Joanne Belknap
96-WT-NX-0004
The purpose of this study is to determine which factors influence judicial
and prosecutorial decisionmaking in domestic violence cases and which
factors influence victim-witness reluctance in bringing batterers to
successful adjudication. 

Family and Community Violence: Experiences of Adolescents

University of California, Los Angeles
Susan B. Sorenson
96-IJ-CX-0017 
This project studies the relationship between exposure to family violence
and subsequent violence-related attitudes, victimization, and perpetration
in an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents living in the Los Angeles
area. 

From Probable Cause to Beyond Reasonable Doubt

Longview (Washington) Police Department
Bob Burgreen
97-DD-BX-0053
This project is linking arrest and final disposition in domestic violence
cases through the use of a legal coordinator assigned to assist in all aspects
of domestic violence cases.

High School Youth, Weapons, and Violence: A National Survey of
Weapon-Related Behavior, Crime, and Victimization

Tulane University
Joseph Sheley
94-IJ-CX-0033
This project conducts a national survey of a random sample of 3,000 male
high school juniors and seniors to determine weapon-related violence,
victimization, and associated behavior.

Homicide in New York City, 1790-1990

University of California, Los Angeles
Eric Monkkonen
96-IJ-CX-0016 
This award supports continuation of a data series on homicides over a
period of two centuries in New York City.

*Impact Evaluation of STOP Grants Law Enforcement and Prosecution

Institute for Law and Justice, Inc.
J. Thomas McEwen
96-WT-NX-0007
This project involves an impact evaluation at 8 to 10 sites under the Law
Enforcement and Prosecution purpose area of the Office of Justice
Programs' STOP (Services, Training, Officers, Prosecutors) Violence
Against Women formula grants. The evaluation addresses a cross section
of various local activities, including training for law enforcement officers
and prosecutors, police and prosecution policies, and programs that
address stalking.

*Impact Evaluation of STOP Grant Programs for Reducing Violence
Against Women Among Indian Tribes

University of Arizona
Eileen M. Luna
96-WT-NX-0006
This project evaluates the impact of the programs for women among
Indian tribes supported by the Office of Justice Programs' STOP (Services,
Training, Officers, Prosecutors) Violence Against Women grants. The
goal of the programs is to expand understanding of the cultural and legal
context of reducing violence against women among Indian tribes. 

*Impact Evaluation of Victim Services Programs: STOP Grants Funded
by the Violence Against Women Act

American Bar Association
Barbara Smith
96-WT-NX-0003
This project evaluates the first 2 years of the Office of Justice Programs'
STOP (Services, Training, Officers, Prosecutors) Violence Against
Women grants awarded to victim services programs for work in the areas
of sexual assault, domestic violence, and stalking.

*Impact of Legal Advocacy on Intimate Partner Homicide

Carnegie Mellon University
Daniel Nagin
97-WT-VX-0004
This award examines how local policy, social services, and resources
committed to legal advocacy effect differences in the rate of intimate
partner homicide over time across jurisdictions.

Intervention for Elementary School Children Exposed to Community
Violence

Howard University
Hope Hill
95-MU-MU-0026
This project, cofunded with the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention, supports an initial evaluation of a culturally appropriate,
multilevel, after-school intervention designed to reduce children's
likelihood of experiencing the negative psychological effects of violence
and engaging in violent behavior.

*Models of Community Coordination in Response to Partner Violence

State University of New York, Albany, Research Foundation
Alissa Worden
95-WT-NX-0006
This evaluation complements an ongoing analysis of the impact of
legislated reforms in family violence cases in New York State and
develops a typology of community coordination models.

Murder in Space City Reexamined: Houston Homicide

Sam Houston State University
Victoria Brewer
97-IJ-CX-0014
This award, part of a series of homicide studies, is analyzing data from
Houston, Texas, police files to determine factors that correlate with high
homicide rates and case disposition.

*National Evaluation of the Violence Against Women Act Grants

The Urban Institute
Martha Burt
95-WT-NX-0005
This project continues documentation of the range of programs funded by
the law enforcement and prosecution grants under the Violence Against
Women Act, including assessment of grantee outcomes, examination of
their planning and implementation efforts, and development of a strategy
for documenting long-term impacts.

Patterns and Trends in Youth-Perpetrated Homicides in the United States

Research Triangle Institute
Robert Flewelling
95-IJ-CX-0114
This project examines patterns and trends in youth-perpetrated homicides
since 1980 and explores social and demographic determinants of the recent
increases in youth homicide.

Patterns of Violence: An Analysis of Individual Offenders

University of Nebraska, Omaha
Julie Horney
96-IJ-CX-0015
This study examines varying levels of violence by individuals across time,
including the avoidance of violence in high-risk situations.

Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods

Harvard University
Felton J. Earls
93-IJ-CX-K005
This longitudinal study, which is sponsored jointly with the MacArthur
Foundation, is collecting data over an 8-year period on 7,000 children and
youths from birth to age 18, their families, and their neighborhoods to
trace the development of delinquent and criminal behavior patterns,
including substance abuse. 

*Richmond, Virginia-Police Foundation Domestic Violence Partnership

Police Foundation
Rosann Greenspan

98-WT-VX-0001
This researcher-practitioner partnership is developing a data system for
tracking domestic violence program interventions and assessing and
evaluating the outcomes.

Risk of Serious Injury or Death in Intimate Violence

Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority
Carolyn R. Block
96-IJ-CX-0020 
This project identifies factors that place battered women in danger of life-
threatening injury or death and develops high-risk profiles by analyzing
cases in which women and men were killed through intimate violence. 

*Stalking: Its Role in Serious Domestic Violence Cases

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
Cindy B. Kamilar
97-WT-VX-0002
This award examines the role of stalking in serious cases of domestic
violence and the effectiveness of antistalking laws in terms of arrest,
conviction, and sanction rates.

*Study of the Effectiveness of State Antistalking Efforts

Institute for Law and Justice, Inc.
J. Thomas McEwen
97-WT-VX-0007
This national assessment of State antistalking efforts is identifying the
strengths and weaknesses of the efforts, describing model practices and
procedures, and specifying ways that antistalking initiatives can be
strengthened.

*Targeting Cycles of Domestic Violence: Assessment, Review, and
Recommendations

Seattle Police Department
Dan W. Fleissener
95-IJ-CX-0097
This project supports a partnership between the University of Washington
and the Seattle Police Department to gather information on the cycle of
violence and develop more effective measures against domestic violence.

Understanding, Preventing, and Controlling Domestic Violence Incidents

University of Massachusetts, Lowell Research Foundation
Eve Buzawa
95-IJ-CX-0027
This project examines official records and conducts indepth interviews
with batterers and victims to determine the effect of judicial intervention
on batterers sentenced in the Quincy, Massachusetts, District Court.

Victimization Outcomes: What Influences Victim Compliance, Injury, and
Crime Completion? 

University of Maryland, College Park
Catherine A. Gallagher
98-IJ-CX-0025
This project examines the relationships between past victimization
characteristics and current victimization outcomes and how victim,
offender, and situational characteristics influence victimization outcomes.

*Violence Against Women in El Paso, Texas

Texas A&M University
Andrew Giacomazzi
97-WE-VX-0131
This award supports a collaboration between the El Paso Police and the
University of Texas at El Paso to implement strategies to reduce the
occurrence of domestic violence and evaluate the effectiveness of the
strategies.

Violence and Threats of Violence Against Women in America

Center for Policy Research
Patricia Tjaden
93-IJ-CX-0012 
This supplement continues the study of a national telephone survey of
8,000 women and 8,000 men age 18 and older to advance knowledge
about the nature, extent, and consequences of various forms of violence
and threats of violence against women, including stalking, physical and
sexual assault, and childhood victimization.

o Intramural Projects

Effects of Spatial and Temporal Aggregation on the Analysis of Patterns
of Homicide

Nancy G. La Vigne
Using 3 years of data from Washington, D.C., homicides, this study
explores various grouping methods and areal unit sizes to determine the
extent to which these factors produce bias or inefficient estimates in
regression analysis. 

Optimal Use of Multiple Methods of Drug Testing

Pamela K. Lattimore
A variety of technologies can now detect illegal drug use, and for each
technique (for example, urinalysis and hair analysis) specimen collection
involves different costs and response times. This project is developing
methods for determining when and how to use different types of drug
tests.

Race and Recidivism

Pamela K. Lattimore, Richard L. Linster, and Christy A. Visher
This project examines the relationship between race (black, Hispanic, and
white) and criminal recid-ivism among approximately 4,000 male youths
released from the California Youth Authority.

Repeat Victimization in Residential Burglary

Richard Titus
This research is using segment-level analysis of burglary in the National
Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) to determine whether one housing
unit in the segment is disproportionately victimized during the 3 years the
segment is in the NCVS sample and in the 6 months following a burglary.

o Research Applications Contract Projects

Abt Associates Inc.
Joan Mullen
OJP-C-94-007

Drug Treatment in the Age of Managed Care

This report identifies and describes current practices and key issues
associated with providing drug treatment to incarcerated drug abusers at
the State and local levels.

Treatment Programs for Batterers

This report explores the features and findings of a number of model
programs that respond to domestic violence.

CRIME CONTROL AND PREVENTION

Analysis of Police Use of Force Data

University of South Carolina
Geoffrey P. Alpert
95-IJ-CX-0104
This project reanalyzes and compares the data sets on police use of force
from the Metro-Dade, Florida, and Eugene and Springfield, Oregon, police
departments. Through data analysis, researchers are determining the
relationship between the amount of resistance met by police and the
amount of force used to control suspects.

*Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Clearance of Homicides

Justice Research and Statistics Association
Joan C. Weiss
96-IJ-CX-0047
This multisite study analyzes factors affecting the clearance of homicides
in police departments in several major cities to offer guidance on the
extent to which clearance rates are useful in measuring police
performance.

Beyond Arrest: The Portland, Oregon, Experiment

Portland State University
Annette Jolin
95-IJ-CX-0054
This study explores whether arrest in the context of a coordinated
domestic violence response system has a greater deterrent effect than
arrest by itself and evaluates the effectiveness of the Portland Police
Bureau's Domestic Violence Reduction Unit.

*Boston's Safe Neighborhood Initiatives

Harvard University
Mark Moore
97-MU-MU-0013
This award assists Boston's Safe Neighborhood Initiatives in developing a
model for implementing partnerships among police, prosecutors, and
members of the community to prevent and reduce crime and improve the
quality of life and in developing appropriate performance measurements
for such collaborations.

Childhood Victimization and Delinquency, Adult Criminality, and Violent
Criminal Behavior: A Replication and Extension

Washington Department of Social and Health Services
Diana J. English
97-IJ-CX-0017
This study is comparing substantiated cases of child abuse and neglect to
subsequent court records in King County, Washington, to determine the
relationship of childhood victimization to delinquency, adult criminality,
and violence.

Controlling Crime and Disorder Hot Spots Using Civil Remedies

University of Cincinnati
Lorraine Green Mazerolle
95-IJ-CX-0039
This 18-month study assesses the Oakland (California) Police
Department's Beat Health Unit Initiative, which uses civil remedies for
drug and crime abatement, neighborhood improvement, and cooling down
of hot spots. The assessment's aim is to inform policymakers of the types
of communities most likely to provide successful environments for such
initiatives.

Coordinated Response to Motor Vehicle Thefts: Evaluation of
Enforcement and Crime Prevention Efforts

San Diego Association of Governments
Susan Pennell
94-IJ-CX-0027
This evaluation examines the effectiveness of using enhanced crime
analysis information and mapping techniques targeted at enforcement and
prevention of motor vehicle thefts to improve efforts to control and
prevent auto theft.

Criminology Against Crime: Criminologists and Crime Control for the
Indianapolis Police Department

City of Indianapolis
Alex Weiss
95-IJ-CX-0077
This evaluation examines two key elements of police accountability. One
is the IMPACT (Indianapolis Model of Police Accountability for
Community Problemsolving Targets) program, a computer-aided
management information and evaluation program for community policing.
The other is the New York Police Department's model of weekly crime
control strategy meetings, which promote intensive review of local crime
patterns by top police commanders.

Development of Guidelines for Using Psychological Test Results to Help
Combat Corruption in Law Enforcement Organizations

Defense Personnel Security Research Center
Howard Timm
96-IJ-CX-A056
This project is developing a comprehensive manual on the findings and
recommendations from the first major national study on the psychological
dimensions of police corruption.

*Educating the Public About Police: The Lima Public Service
Announcement Project

University of Cincinnati
Mitchell Chamlin
95-IJ-CX-0055
This evaluation examines the ability of four educational public service
announcements on police-citizen interaction to affect police-citizen
outcomes.

*Enhancing Police Integrity

University of Delaware, Newark
Carl B. Klockars
97-IJ-CX-0025
This study of three exemplary police agencies is examining the formal and
informal mechanisms governing misconduct.

*Evaluation of Maryland's Hot Spot Communities Program

The Urban Institute
Jeffrey A. Roth
98-IJ-CX-0029
The award is a process evaluation of all 35 sites in the State of Maryland's
Hot Spot Communities program with an indepth examination of 12 sites. 

Evaluation of the Bureau of Justice Assistance's Comprehensive
Communities Program

BOTEC Analysis Corporation
Ann Marie Rocheleau
94-IJ-CX-0065

This project expands a process evaluation of the Comprehensive
Communities Program to include an additional six sites, at a reduced level
of study, and to increase the intensity of study at six sites currently under
evaluation.

Evaluation of the Department of Transportation Regulation of Auto Parts
Marking

Abt Associates Inc.
William Rhodes
96-IJ-CX-0018 
This award evaluates the effectiveness of the parts-marking requirement of
the Motor Vehicle Theft Law Enforcement Act of 1984, which was
designed to prevent and deter auto theft, inhibit "chop shop" operations,
and aid in the recovery of stolen vehicles. 

Fast Track Program Study: Tracking Nonviolent Juvenile Criminal
Offenders

Bay City (Michigan) Police Department
Penny Phelps
96-IJ-CX-0072
This collaborative research between police officers and university
professors is evaluating Fast Track, a youth offender program designed to
prevent repeat offenders from recycling through the criminal justice
system.

Frontiers in Policing

State University of New York, Albany, Research Foundation
David Bayley
98-IJ-CX-0017
This award is exploring the types of policing occurring throughout the
world, including types undertaken outside the auspices of the state, and the
implications for security policy. 

Gang Activity in Orange County, California

University of California, Irvine 
Bryan Vila, James Meeker
96-IJ-CX-0030
This award supports a multiagency, regional, cooperative model for
reducing gang and youth violence and increasing the understanding of the
nature of gang involvement and the distribution of gang crime incidents in
Orange County. The project includes evaluation and documentation of the
model.

Good Kids in Bad Circumstances

University of Cincinnati
Michael G. Turner
98-IJ-CX-0026
This award is expanding understanding about the protective factors that
help at-risk youths refrain from delinquent behavior.

Housing Conditions, Fear, and Victimization

University of Utah
Barbara Brown
98-IJ-CX-0022
This award uses baseline data and data from a new housing subdivision in
Salt Lake City to test whether proximity to the new subdivision and to
scattered-site housing rehabilitation has any impact on fear, victimization,
or spillover housing upgrading.

*Identifying Correlates of Police Deviance: An Empirical Study of Police
Corruption and Brutality in New York (1975-1996)

Temple University
Jack R. Greene
96-IJ-CX-0053
This award supports a longitudinal study of New York City police officers
who resigned or were dismissed because of corruption or brutality from
1975 through 1996. The study describes these officers in terms of
individual, organizational, and community characteristics and identifies
the managerial, operational, and scholarly implications.

Impact Evaluation of the Weed and Seed Program

Abt Associates Inc.
Terence Dunworth
95-DD-BX-0134 
This impact evaluation is assessing outcomes of the Weed and Seed
program in eight sites using a multimethod approach.

*Increasing the Effectiveness of Rural Police Departments

Alfred University
William Hall
95-IJ-CX-0080

Alfred University and two neighboring towns are conducting a field study
to determine how the police departments in the towns can more effectively
and efficiently provide services to their communities by using community
policing strategies and sharing programs and resources.

*Information Technology Acquisition

Institute for Law and Justice, Inc.
J. Thomas McEwen
98-LB-VX-K011
The award is reviewing the ways State and local agencies procure and use
various technologies, including computer-aided dispatch, records
management systems, crime analysis and computer mapping systems, case
management systems, laptops and wireless technologies, Internet and
intranet technologies, automated fingerprint information systems, and
DNA databases.

*Joint Police and Social Services Response to Abused Elders

Victim Services, Inc.
Bruce Taylor
95-IJ-CX-0061
This evaluation, conducted in cooperation with the New York Police
Department, examines a joint community policing and social service
response to elder abuse.

National Crime Victimization Survey: Survey Attrition, Victimization,
and Crime Reporting

Arizona State University
Sharon Lohr
97-IJ-CX-0043
Researchers are analyzing data from the National Crime Victimization
Survey to explore the probability of nonresponse among crime victims so
that partial information in the data can be used.

National Study of Delinquency Prevention in Schools

Gottfredson Associates, Inc.
Gary D. Gottfredson
96-MU-MU-0008
This research is describing the prevalence of different types of school-
based delinquency prevention programs and evaluating the
implementation of such programs.

*Orienting Overview on Broken Windows, Disorder, and Decline

Temple University
Ralph B. Taylor, NIJ Visiting Fellow
96-IJ-CX-0067
This award supports secondary analyses of various data sets to determine
the extent to which specific types of social and environmental disorder--
apart from community demographics, crime, and residents' individual
characteristics--affect fear and neighborhood commitment.

*Perceptions of Police Accountability in Citizen Complaints

Sam Houston State University
Kenneth Adams
96-IJ-CX-0077
This research examines citizen complaints in detail, including the process
citizens use in deciding to make a complaint, the experiences of citizens
with the process, areas of satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the process,
and findings across jurisdictions.

Police-Community Initiatives for Effective Law Enforcement

North Carolina Central University
Harvey L. McMurray
93-IJ-CX-K023
This project follows the development of a cooperative, rural community
policing program in Beaufort and Columbus counties, North Carolina, for
a better understanding of how to organize and establish similar operations
in other multicounty, rural areas.

Police Perjury: Deviance or Utilitarianism

Michael O. Foley
98-IJ-CX-0032
This award is examining the factors associated with lying by police
officers, including the rationale, motivation, and circumstances. 

*Police Response to Emotionally Disturbed Persons: Analyzing New
Models of Police Interactions With the Mental Health System

Policy Research Associates
Henry J. Steadman
96-IJ-CX-0082
This case study analysis seeks to determine best practices used by police
in response to emotionally disturbed persons by defining the strengths and
weaknesses of three different approaches. 

*Policing on American Indian Reservations

Harvard University
Francis Hartmann
95-IJ-CX-0086
This 18-month project works with American Indian tribes to discover what
policing strategies are and are not working, why they seem to be working
or not, and how tribes and private and public agencies concerned with the
welfare of American Indian communities might apply the findings.

*Policing Local Illicit Gun Markets

Carnegie Mellon University
Jacqueline Cohen
95-IJ-CX-0075
This project, a partnership between a local research institution and the
Pittsburgh police, examines the nature of local gun markets, particularly
the sources of guns to juveniles, and assesses the effectiveness of law
enforcement and investigatory strategies directed against these markets.

Preventing Crime: A Critical Assessment

University of Maryland, College Park
Lawrence W. Sherman
96-MU-MU-0019
This award supports a group of distinguished criminologists to synthesize
research and evaluation findings on crime prevention--what works, what
doesn't work, and what looks promising.

Problem-Solving Study: An Examination of Efforts Aimed at Impacting
Crime and Disorder Problems

Rana Sampson, NIJ Visiting Fellow
94-IJ-CX-K008
This project collects, studies, and describes successful problem-solving
efforts of police and community members.

Psychological and Behavioral Effects of Hate Crimes on Victims

Boston Police Department
Luis Garcia
97-IJ-CX-0011
This project is examining the lingering effects of hate violence and
assessing the effectiveness of the criminal justice system in meeting the
needs of such victims.

*Restructuring the Role of Police Sergeants by Identifying the Character
Traits Associated With Success

City of Baltimore
Victor Gregory
96-IJ-CX-0086
This project is identifying and categorizing the characteristics of sergeants
who have demonstrated excellence in performance and in the fulfillment
of their roles as leaders in the agency and the community.

Role of Local Law Enforcement in Controlling Illegal Immigration and
Other Transnational Crimes

Georgetown University
William McDonald, NIJ Visiting Fellow
95-IJ-CX-0110
This project studies State and local law enforcement efforts against
transnational crime, including illegal immigration, street crime committed
by illegal immigrants, organized crime initiated outside U.S. borders, and
immigrant involvement in the drug trade.

Security Technologies in Schools

Sandia National Laboratories
Mary W. Green
97-IJ-CX-A072
This award will develop a guide for law enforcement and public school
officials to use in determing the appropriateness, cost, and expected
effectiveness of applying security technologies in schools.

State and Local Participatory Evaluation of the Safe Neighborhoods
Program

Connecticut Statistical Analysis Center
Dolly Reed
95-IJ-CX-0107
This project supports the evaluation of the Connecticut Safe
Neighborhoods Program, which provides funds to establish and administer
police substations in high-crime areas.

Tenant Organization and Its Effects on Neighborhood Crime

John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Research Foundation of the City
University of New York
Gary Winkel
97-IJ-CX-0030
Researchers are investigating the effects of tenant social organizations by
examining whether better organized buildings are less prone to
neighborhood crime than are less well-organized buildings.

Transnational Organized Crime Workshop

National Academy of Sciences
Faith Mitchell
98-IJ-CX-0019
This award supports a 2-day workshop in which economists, statisticians,
policy analysts, and criminologists focus on definitions and measurements
of international crime and operational responses to it.

Use of Force By and Against Police

Joint Centers for Justice Studies
Joel Garner
95-IJ-CX-0066
This project builds upon prior NIJ-funded research on police use of force
in Phoenix, Arizona, by surveying arresting officers in four law-
enforcement agencies regarding the nature of force used and the nature and
circumstances of the arrest.

Using Traffic Barriers to Design Out Crime

California State University, Fullerton Foundation
Stuart A. Ross
96-IJ-CX-0009 
This evaluation assesses a police-sponsored Crime Prevention Through
Environmental Design program in which permanent traffic barriers were
placed in two South Central Los Angeles neighborhoods to reduce crime
and allay resident fears.

*Who Gets What in Policing? A National Assessment of Police Chiefs'
Experiences with Budgets

Police Executive Research Forum
Clifford L. Karchmer

97-LB-VX-K005
This award supports a national assessment of police chiefs focused on the
range of issues involved in budgetary decisionmaking, the factors
associated with success or difficulty, and innovative approaches to the
process.

o Community Policing

*Analysis of the Indirect Impacts of Community Policing

Police Foundation
David Weisburd
97-IJ-CX-0055
This award examines the issues of displacement and diffusion in police
efforts to reduce crime in Jersey City, New Jersey.

*Assessing a Model of Police-Community Collaboration

Vera Institute of Justice, Inc.
Douglas Young
96-IJ-CX-0064
This evaluation explores police relationships with clients in a substance
abuse treatment program to enrich understanding about the design and
implementation of crime control strategies.

*Awareness and Perceptions of Community Policing in Immigrant
Communities

Victim Services, Inc.
Robert Davis
96-IJ-CX-0073
This project is investigating the extent to which awareness of community
policing is penetrating immigrant communities and the perceptions of
immigrants about law enforcement.

*Bethlehem (Pennsylvania) Police Family Group Conferencing Project

Community Service Foundation, Inc.
Theodore Wachtel
95-IJ-CX-0042
This project evaluates the effectiveness of family group conferencing, an
innovative community policing technique that involves victims, offenders,
and their families and friends in addressing moderately serious juvenile
crimes.

*Citizen Involvement in Community Policing Institute for Social Analysis

Royer F. Cook
95-IJ-CX-0092
This evaluation focuses on police-citizen interaction and community
policing in two cities where the national impact evaluation of Operation
Weed and Seed is being conducted.

*Community Component of Community Policing in Los Angeles

University of Southern California
Cheryl Maxson
96-IJ-CX-0069
This project is developing measurement tools to assess community
attitudes and perceptions of police activities and police-community
relationships and is examining individual and community (including
ethnic) factors in citizens' reactions to community policing. Findings from
mail and telephone surveys are being compared to help decisionmakers
select appropriate measurement tools and better understand the results of
assessment efforts in different types of neighborhoods.

Community Justice Conferences: Restorative Justice

University of Maryland, College Park
Lawrence W. Sherman
98-IJ-CX-0033
Through this award a partnership is being created between the University
of Maryland, the Baltimore Police Department, and the Australian
National University, which since 1992 has been helping police agencies
develop community justice conferences as an alternative to juvenile court. 

*Community Policing in a Commercial District

Temple University
Jack R. Greene
97-IJ-CX-0049
This award supports an examination of community policing in a
commercial district of Philadelphia to better understand how problem-
oriented policing efforts address crime, fear, and incivilities in business
districts.

*Community Policing in Neighborhoods

Michigan State University
Stephen D. Mastrofski
95-IJ-CX-0071
This study addresses several aspects of community policing, including
how the police and the community interact with each other in a
community policing environment, how officers spend their time and use
their authority to intervene in citizens' lives, how police control problem
citizens, and how law enforcement agencies obtain cooperation between
the police and the public.

*Community Policing Strategies: First National Survey Update

Macro International, Inc.
Billy Jones
96-IJ-CX-0045
This award updates and enhances the information about community
policing collected in a 1993 Police Foundation survey to help identify the
strategic and tactical changes occurring in policing and to describe the
factors that underlie the changes.

*Community Variables in Community Policing

State University of New York, Albany, Research Foundation
David Duffee
97-IJ-CX-0052
This project is identifying the dimensions of police-community interaction
in community policing initiatives.

*Computer-Aided Dispatch in Support of Community Policing

Institute for Law and Justice, Inc.
J. Thomas McEwen
97-IJ-CX-0048
This study examines how computer-aided dispatch (CAD) systems can be
incorporated more effectively into community policing efforts.

*Determinants of Citizen and Police Involvement in Community Policing

City of Boston
Luis Garcia
96-IJ-CX-0071
This research measures community attitudes toward and involvement in
community policing in Boston, Massachusetts, and identifies individual
and community factors associated with citizen participation in community
policing.

Effects of Geographical and Staffing Models on Community Policing

San Diego (California) Police Department
Donna J. Warlick
98-IJ-CX-0016
From 1994 through 1996, the San Diego Police Department accomplished
a massive Department reorganization to support neighborhood policing
efforts. This award supports a test of the effectiveness of a modification
that incorporates both "beat cops" and team policing features.

*Evaluating Community Policing in Public Housing

Temple University
Jack R. Greene
95-IJ-CX-0041
This evaluation assesses the implementation of a community policing
strategy by the Philadelphia Housing Authority and its resident police
agency across six public housing developments in Philadelphia that are
linked by a common thoroughfare.

Evaluation of Chicago's Citywide Community Policing Program

Northwestern University
Wesley G. Skogan
94-IJ-CX-0046
This project is continuing a long-term evaluation of Chicago's community
policing program by monitoring implementation of the program, trends in
program awareness and citizen involvement, public perceptions of the
police, and the impact on the extent of crime and disorder problems.

*Evaluation of Community Policing in Tempe, Arizona

Institute for Law and Justice, Inc.
J. Thomas McEwen
95-IJ-CX-0090
This continuing evaluation considers how a police department changes,
adapts, and sustains community policing over time in efforts that
encompass the entire city.

*Evaluation of Community Policing in Two Medium-Sized Cities

University of Illinois, Chicago
Dennis P. Rosenbaum
95-IJ-CX-0068
This evaluation assesses the implementation and impact of long-term
organizational efforts to implement community policing strategies on a
citywide basis in two cities: Aurora and Joliet, Illinois.

*Evaluation of Computers in Patrol Cars

San Francisco State University
Caran Colvin
98-IJ-CX-0012
This award is assessing a San Francisco Police Department strategy to
reduce report-writing time. Specifically, the project is addressing the
question: Does the use of a mobile computer terminal save time, and if so,
is the time being reallocated to community policing?

*Evaluation of the Effects of Fatigue on Police Patrol Officers and Their
Relations With the Community

Police Executive Research Forum
Dennis Jay Kenney
96-IJ-CX-0046
This project is researching the ways in which police officers' hours of
work affect job performance. It is also assessing related management and
adminis-trative strategies and procedures.

*Evaluation of the Dallas Police Department's Interactive Community
Policing Program

University of Texas, Arlington
Charles H. Mindel
95-IJ-CX-0070
This evaluation is examining the implementation of an Interactive
Community Policing Model (ICPM) in Dallas, Texas, and assessing the
effects of the ICPM on the community and the police department.

*Evaluation of the Police Corps Program

Westat, Inc.
Stephen K. Dietz
97-IJ-CX-0057

Using a within- and cross-site evaluation process, researchers are assessing
six demonstration Police Corps sites to determine the impact of training on
recruits' attitudes toward community policing.

*Everyday Perceptions of Disorder, Self-Protection Against Crime, and
Community Policing

University of California, Los Angeles
Jack Katz
95-IJ-CX-0078
This ethnographic study of five contrasting neighborhoods in the
Hollywood area of Los Angeles describes the differences among the
residents in their perceptions of disorder and fear of crime, personal
strategies for avoiding risk, and definitions of community policing.

*Examining the Transformation to Community Policing: Organizational
Development Characteristics and Issues

Institute for Law and Justice, Inc.
Edward F. Connors
95-IJ-CX-0091
This evaluation examines the critical elements involved in making a
successful transition from a traditional law enforcement agency to a
community policing organization.

*Facilitating Organizational Change: Shaping Philosophies Through
Individual and Organizational Evaluations

University of South Carolina
Geoffrey P. Alpert
95-IJ-CX-0101
These evaluations assess the efforts of police officers and their
departments, using input that focuses on the processes of policing in the
community and the consequences of the actions taken by officers.

First-Line Supervision in the Community Policing Context

Police Foundation
Earl Hamilton
94-IJ-CX-0044
This project is examining and defining the role of a first-line supervisor in
a community policing context and is identifying effective methods of
designing training, measuring performance, and providing managerial
support to first-line supervisors in police departments.

*Identifying Strategies to Market Community Policing

Indiana University, Bloomington
Steven Chermak and Alex Weiss
96-IJ-CX-0078
This project examines the strategies police departments use to market their
community policing efforts and their success rate and explores the role of
the news media in publicizing community policing.

*Impact of Community Policing Training and Implementation on Police
Personnel

Arizona State University
Robin Haarr
96-IJ-CX-0060
This project is evaluating the extent to which the Phoenix Regional Police
Training Academy's program produces desired changes in officers'
attitudes, perceptions, beliefs, and behaviors related to community
policing philosophies and strategies, problem-solving techniques, and
multicultural awareness.

*Integrating Community Policing into the San Diego Regional Law
Enforcement Training Center Curriculum

San Diego Police Department
Donna Warlick
95-IJ-CX-0065
This project enables the San Diego Police Department to analyze the
Training Center curriculum, develop modifications that incorporate
community policing and problem solving as a common theme, train
instructors in the modifications, and evaluate the outcome.

*Investigative Function in the Community Policing Context

Police Executive Research Forum
Mary Ann Wycoff
96-IJ-CX-0081
The study describes existing models for integrating investigations into
community policing. A survey of departments examines, among other
issues, detectives' roles in community policing. Site visits are being made
to promising departments and recommendations formulated for effective
integration practices.

Leaders' Perceptions of Community Policing

University of Cincinnati
Lawrence Travis
98-IJ-CX-0005 
This award explores the nature and extent of agreement relating to
community policing as expressed by police agency executives, police
officer association leaders, and union leaders.

National Assessment of Community Policing Training

Institute for Law and Justice, Inc.
J. Thomas McEwen
94-IJ-CX-0042
This project assesses the nature, quality, and scope of training in
community policing through indepth telephone interviews and a national
mail survey of a representative sample of police chiefs, sheriffs, and
training academy directors.

*Organizational Change and Leadership: Conditions and Strategies for
Creating a Culture of Community Policing

Harvard University
Mark Moore
95-IJ-CX-0059
This evaluation determines what internal and external organizational
conditions and what leadership and management techniques facilitate
change. The researchers are developing hypotheses to be tested in future
research.

*Partners for Prevention? Obstacles to Police-Community Cooperation in
Problem Solving

Northwestern University
Wesley G. Skogan
95-IJ-CX-0056
This project evaluates Chicago's community policing effort and the impact
of its problem-solving strategies.

*Police and the Community: National League of Cities Search for
Excellence in Community Policing

National League of Cities Institute
William B. Whiteside
95-IJ-CX-0064
This project is identifying promising programs, activities, and best
practices that show collaborative problem solving between law
enforcement and the community and that demonstrate community
awareness and perceptions of community policing. 

Problem-Oriented Policing In a State Police Agency: A Demonstration
and Evaluation

State University of New York, Albany, Research Foundation
Hans Toch
93-IJ-CX-K013
This collaborative project applies the philosophy of problem-oriented
policing to a State police agency to demonstrate to agencies nationwide
that they can achieve significant benefits by using a local research and
development capability.

*Process Evaluation of Title I of the Violent Crime Control Act of 1994

The Urban Institute
Jeffrey A. Roth
95-IJ-CX-0073
This project evaluates the progress made and problems encountered
through implementation of Community Oriented Policing Services
(COPS) under Title I of the 1994 Crime Act. The evaluation includes site
visits to 60 locations and a national survey of 1,800 police executives.

*Responding to the Problem Police Officer: An Evaluation of Early
Warning Systems

University of Nebraska, Omaha
Samuel Walker
98-IJ-CX-0002 
Law enforcement agencies have developed early warning systems to
identify officers who receive high rates of citizen complaints and to
provide remedial intervention to correct their behavior. This award is
conducting a national assessment of early warning systems to determine
their effects on police officer performance.

*Structure of Large Municipal Police Organizations as a Result of
Community Policing

University of Nebraska
Ed McGuire
98-IJ-CX-0003
This award examines the impact of community policing on the structural
organization of police agencies. Specifically, does community policing
reduce the levels of hierarchy, decentralize decisionmaking, and result in
less formalization and fewer special units?

*The Force Factor

University of South Carolina
Geoffrey P. Alpert
98-IJ-CX-0018
This award is examining the issue of police use of force through a national
survey, development of a standardized definition of force, and a focus on
the Miami, Florida, and Prince Georges County, Maryland, police
departments.

*Two-Stage Model of Change: Madison Police Department

Police Executive Research Forum
Mary Ann Wycoff
95-IJ-CX-0087
This evaluation examines and documents the Madison (Wisconsin) Police
Department's implementation of the second stage of a two-stage model of
the transition to community policing.

Using a High-Definition Geographic Information System to Enhance
Community Policing on College Campuses

Temple University
George F. Rengert
98-IJ-CX-0001
This award supports a test of a high-definition, three-dimensional
geographic information system to identify "hot spots" on campus,
implement responses, and measure the effectiveness of the responses.

Vermont Incident-Based Crime Analysis and Mapping: Developing
Research Capabilities for Problem-Oriented Policing

Vermont Center for Justice Research
William Clements
95-IJ-CX-0037
This project analyzes data on offender and offense relationships using new
technologies in geographic information systems to analyze data spatially
and visually.

*Women in Policing: Assessing the Work Environment

New Traditions for Women, Inc.
Donna Milgram
98-IJ-CX-0013
This award is developing a Workplace Environment Assessment Tool that
law enforcement agencies can use to determine how receptive their
workplace is to women and minority police officers, identify what barriers
(if any) exist for women and minority police officers, and pinpoint the
barriers with enough specificity that police departments can take action to
overcome them.

o Crime Mapping

*Assistance in Crime Mapping and Analysis Technology for Enhancing
Law Enforcement and Prosecution Coordination

Hunter College, Research Foundation of the City University of New York
Victor Goldsmith
98-LB-VX-0004
This award supports continued work with the offices of the U.S. Attorney
for the Southern District of New York to develop a geographic
information system, database, query tools, and related crime analysis
methodologies.

Computer Mapping of Crime in Public Housing

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Harold Holzman
96-IJ-CX-A022 
This award supports the needs assessment and implementation phases of a
computer-assisted geographic mapping system for a police department and
a public housing agency in a case study city.

*Crime Mapping Research Center Fellowship Program

Julie Wartell, NIJ Visiting Fellow
98-LB-VX-0003
This award is developing a crime mapping training curriculum for use by
law enforcement agencies and the research community. 

*Demonstrating the Analytical Utility of GIS for Policing

Southern Illinois University
James LeBeau
97-LB-VX-K010
Four mapping and geographic information system modules are being
developed to demonstrate the utility of different cartographic techniques in
the analysis of calls for service, identification of locations particularly
dangerous to officers, and predictions of violence.

Development of a Geographic Information System Analysis Software

Environmental Systems Research Institute
John Perry
97-IJ-CX-0042
This award is developing and field testing geographic information system-
based crime analysis application modules to provide a series of tools that
can be applied to different patrol beats to facilitate community-oriented
policing.

Development of a Spatial Analysis Tool Kit for Use in a Metropolitan
Crime Incident Geographic Information System

Ned Levine and Associates
Ned Levine
97-IJ-CX-0040
This award is testing new methods of spatial analysis for mapping crime
patterns, especially break-ins and auto thefts, in Baltimore County,
Maryland.

*Enhancing the Design and Analytical Potential of Crime Mapping

Southern Illinois University
James LeBeau
97-LB-VX-0002
This award provides training to NIJ's Crime Mapping Research Center
staff in the use of cartographic and spatial analytic applications and in the
research and development of specific mapping applications.

Geographic Information Systems Spatial Crime Analysis Application

Montgomery County (Maryland) Department of Police
Timothy Delaney
96-IJ-CX-A029 
This award is supplying the Montgomery County Department of Police
with equipment and training to implement a computer-assisted geographic
mapping system that will enable the department to engage in spatial crime
analyses.

*Innovative Crime Mapping Techniques and Spatial Analysis

Hunter College, Research Foundation of the City University of New York
Victor Goldsmith
97-LB-VX-K013
The City University of New York and the New York City Police
Department are expanding their current collaboration to test
methodologies that will augment the capacity of individual precincts to
analyze crime patterns.

*Measuring and Analyzing Crime Patterns and Trends with Geographic
Information Systems (GIS)

John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Research Foundation of the City
University of New York
John Mollenkopf
95-IJ-CX-0103
This collaborative project between the New York Police Department and
two City University of New York research centers improves analysis and
evaluation techniques to increase understanding of crime incidence and
control dynamics.

o Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program

The Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program in 35 sites
performs drug tests on samples of arrestees brought to booking facilities.
The test findings indicate levels of drug use, determine what drugs are
used in specific jurisdictions, and track changes in arrestees' drug use
patterns.

In the following list of ADAM sites, a symbol (+) identifies sites
scheduled to begin operation in 1998.

Albuquerque+
Anchorage+
Atlanta
Birmingham
Chicago
Cleveland
Dallas
Denver

Des Moines+
Detroit
Ft. Lauderdale
Houston
Indianapolis
Laredo+
Las Vegas+
Los Angeles
Manhattan
Miami
Minneapolis+
New Orleans
Oklahoma City+
Omaha
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Portland (Oregon)
St. Louis
Sacramento+
Salt Lake City+
San Antonio
San Diego
San Jose
Seattle+
Spokane+
Tucson+
Washington, D.C.

ADAM--Cleveland Telecommunications Pilot Project

Cleveland State University
Sonia Alemagno
96-IJ-CX-A009
This award implements a pilot project using telecommunications software
to conduct interviews with arrestees at ADAM sites.

ADAM--Examination of Methamphetamine Use

San Diego Association of Governments
Susan Pennell
96-IJ-CX-0026
This project examines the dynamics of metham-phetamine use, market
structure, methods of payment, and associated illegal activity in several
ADAM sites.


ADAM--Identifying and Prioritizing Local Social Risk Factors

Colorado Division of Criminal Justice
Kim English
96-IJ-CX-0031 
This award analyzes the socioeconomic and criminal histories of drug-
involved arrestees in Denver to expand understanding of their
characteristics. 

ADAM--Laboratory Analysis of Urine Specimens

Quest Diagnostics, Inc.
Lionel Menard
94-IJ-CX-C009
This award supports laboratory analysis to screen for 10 drugs in samples
collected at ADAM sites.

ADAM--Statistical Support

Aspen Systems Corporation
Lilly Gardner
93-IJ-CX-C002
This award supports data entry, analyses, maintenance of data files,
preparation of publications, and periodic training and technical assistance
to site personnel.

o Firearms Research

*Consent to Search and Seize

University of Missouri, St. Louis
Scott H. Decker
95-IJ-CX-0067
This project evaluates the St. Louis Firearm Suppression Program, an
innovative policing effort to (1) reduce youth firearm possession and
violence by obtaining parental consent to search the homes of juveniles
suspected of possessing a gun, and (2) document aspects of problem-
oriented policing most responsible for successful outcomes.

Effectiveness of Denial of Handgun Purchase

University of California, Davis
Garen Wintemute
98-IJ-CX-0024
This award is assessing the effectiveness of California's criminal history
background checks for handgun purchases, which became more stringent
in 1991. One major focus is to examine the impact of purchase restrictions
on future violence and crime commission.

Firearm Acquisition, Violent Crime, and Juvenile Offenders

Battelle Memorial Institute, Human Affairs Research Center
Barbara Rader
96-IJ-CX-0027 
This project interviews juvenile offenders who have been convicted of
crimes involving a firearm to examine their motives and sources of firearm
acquisition; the relationship between gangs, drugs, and guns; and
offenders' perceptions of triggering events.

Firearms and Violence: Juveniles, Illicit Markets, and Fear

Harvard University
David M. Kennedy
94-IJ-CX-0056
This project tests the feasibility of preventing juvenile gun violence
through problem-solving policing focused on disrupting the illicit market
in firearms and reducing juveniles' fear. The project also assists the Boston
Police Department in analyzing its juvenile gun and gang problem and
designing intervention strategies. Finally, the study assesses the
implementation of these strategies and their impacts on juvenile firearms
violence.

Gun Density vs. Gun Type: Did More, or More Lethal, Guns Drive Up the
Dallas Homicide Rate, 1978-1992?

Crime Control Institute
Christopher Koper
94-IJ-CX-0038
This project tests three hypotheses on the relationship between gun type,
gun availability, and homicide by exploring the effects of guns of varying
lethality on urban homicide rates.

Handgun Intervention Program Evaluation

The Urban Institute
Jeffrey A. Roth
95-IJ-CX-0106
This study evaluates the effects of the Handgun Intervention Program in
the 36th District Court in Detroit, Michigan, on participant attitudes and
behavior. The goal of the program is to prevent gun violence among
defendants charged with carrying a concealed weapon through an
innovative court-based education program for gun defendants.

Illegal Firearms Markets

Northeastern University
Glenn L. Pierce
97-IJ-CX-0053
This award is using data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and
Firearms on confiscated gun tracing through the Youth Handgun
Interdiction Initiative to improve understanding of illegal firearms markets
targeting juveniles, to highlight and enhance the utility of firearms tracing,
and to identify requirements to more effectively describe and intervene in
illegal firearms markets.

*National Evaluation of the Youth Firearm Violence Initiative

Abt Associates Inc.
Terence Dunworth
95-IJ-CX-0069
This evaluation of the Youth Firearm Violence Initiative, sponsored by the
Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, is examining the
strategies being implemented in 10 sites, assessing what factors contribute
to the program's success or failure, and identifying which strategies can be
transferred to other jurisdictions.

Population-Based Monitoring of Firearm Violence: Georgia United
Notification System

Emory University
Arthur L. Kellermann
95-IJ-CX-0025
This award supports development of a data surveillance system for police
investigators that integrates information on nonfatal gunshot injuries from
police reports, health care providers, and hospital emergency rooms in the
Atlanta area.

*Process Evaluation of Title XVIII of the Violent Crime Control Act of
1994

The Urban Institute
Jeffrey A. Roth
95-IJ-CX-0111
This evaluation supplement analyzes the longer term impact that the
Crime Act's bans on semiautomatic assault weapons and large-capacity
ammunition magazines have had on violent crime and examines the
impacts of increased juvenile restrictions and increased regulation of
Federal firearms licenses.

Reducing Firearms Crime and Injuries: Interdicting Guns and Bullets

Indianapolis, Office of the Mayor
Craig Fishburn
95-IJ-CX-0019
This project evaluates the implementation and impact of a traffic stop-and-
search program conducted in two high-crime areas in Indianapolis by the
Indianapolis police department.

Situational Contexts of Gun Use by Young Males in an Inner City

Columbia University School of Public Health
Jeffrey Fagan
96-IJ-CX-0013
This research analyzes gun acquisition, carrying, and use among young
males, including their decisionmaking processes related to the criminal
and violent use of guns and the identification of factors associated with
firearms homicides.

Supplemental Survey of Gun Owners

School of Public Health, Harvard University
David Hemenway
95-IJ-CX-0094
This project conducts a national random-digit-dial survey of 3,200 gun
owners to supplement findings on self-defense and other gun issues
produced in a previous survey by the Harvard Injury Control Center.

Youth, Firearms, and Violence in Atlanta: A Problem-Solving Approach

Emory University 
Arthur Kellermann
94-MU-CX-K003
This study employs a problem-solving approach to reduce gun violence
among youth in metropolitan Atlanta. The approach involves working
with the community and with State and local governments to analyze the
magnitude, extent, and characteristics of the problem, design strategies to
reduce it, and evaluate the implementation and impact of these strategies.

Youth Violence, Guns, and Links to Illicit Drug Markets

Carnegie Mellon University
Alfred Blumstein
95-IJ-CX-0005
This project studies the growth in juvenile homicide rates by race and age
and examines the relationship of these rates to drug markets and to
firearms through examination of data on homicide rates, drug arrest rates,
arrest rates for weapons offenses, number of homicides involving guns,
and other variables.

o Locally Initiated Partnerships--Policing

*Ada County (Idaho) Sheriff's Office and Boise State University

Boise State University
John Crank
96-IJ-CX-0085
Through the partnership created by this award, researchers are surveying
citizens to better understand their needs and thereby enhance the
community's capacity to access information about the sheriff's office.

*Alachua County (Florida) Sheriff's Office Research Partnership with the
University of Florida

Alachua County (Florida) Sheriff's Office
Louise Grimm
96-IJ-CX-0087
Researchers, working in partnership with the Alachua County Sheriff's
Office, are conducting a detailed review of the research needs of the
sheriff's office, improving research and communication skills, and
determining if the communication program has enhanced the target
neighborhood residents' attitudes toward law enforcement.

*Assessing Community Police Performance in Philadelphia

Temple University
Jack R. Greene
95-IJ-CX-0084
This collaboration between Temple University and the Philadelphia Police
Department seeks to better understand community-oriented policing by
more precisely measuring routine patrol activities, problem-solving
capabilities, and the impact of policing philosophy on both the police and
the community.

*Building Effective Strategies for Community Policing

State University of New York, Buffalo
Raymond Hunt
95-IJ-CX-0081
This project supports the collaboration between a university team and the
Buffalo Police Department to help define, clarify, develop, and deploy a
vision and strategy for community policing.

*Collaboration Between Abt Associates and the Hartford Police
Department

Abt Associates Inc.
Joan Mullen
95-IJ-CX-0079
This evaluation examines an innovative joint police-community program
in Hartford, Connecticut, that directly addresses a key aspect of the 1994
Crime Act: development and implementation of innovative programs that
permit members of the community to assist law enforcement agencies in
reorienting the emphasis of their activities from reacting to crime to
preventing crime.

*Collaboration Between the Oakland Police Department and the
University of California

University of California, Berkeley
Jerome Skolnick
95-IJ-CX-0046
This project supports collaboration between the Oakland Police
Department and the University of California, Berkeley, to encourage
police accountability to the department and to the citizens of Oakland. It is
also evaluating the department's move to implement community-oriented
policing through decentralization.

*Community Policing in El Centro, California: Strengthening Police-
Citizen Cooperation in a Bilingual, Multicultural Community

City of El Centro
Harold D. Carter
95-IJ-CX-0049
Working with faculty from San Diego State University, the El Centro
Police Department is identifying and testing strategies for improving
cooperation and building trust between police officers and citizens who
may not speak the same language or share a common cultural experience.

*Council Grove-Kansas State University Law Enforcement Team Project

Kansas State University
Kay K. Cogley
95-IJ-CX-0045
This project forms a long-term partnership between law enforcement in the
rural community of Council Grove, Kansas, and Kansas State University
to provide systematic data on public perceptions of the area's style of
community policing.

*Creating a Culture of Community Policing: An Albuquerque Police
Department-University of New Mexico Research Partnership

University of New Mexico
Lydia Salas
96-IJ-CX-0068
This project is studying the fundamental dynamics involved in
implementing community policing throughout all departments of the
Albuquerque Police Department.

*Demonstrating a Cost-Effective Approach for Locally Initiated Police
Research in Small- and Medium-Sized Cities

LINC
Marcia R. Chaiken
95-IJ-CX-0047
This award supports partnerships involving four police departments
(Eureka and Redding, California; Pocatello, Idaho; and Rapid City, South
Dakota) and police researchers from the Institute for Law and Justice, the
Joint Centers for Justice Studies, and the Police Executive Research
Forum. The partnerships develop, test, and evaluate processes for linking
researchers and police departments.

*Development of a Multiagency Police Research Partnership Involving
Arizona Police Departments

Arizona State University
Vincent Webb
98-IJ-CX-0006 
This award establishes a police-researcher partnership to share information
about each agency's community policing program, to refine each agency's
community policing research agenda, and to conduct an initial research
project.

*Establishing a Research Partnership Between the Omaha Police
Department and the University of Nebraska at Omaha

University of Nebraska, Omaha
Vincent Webb
95-IJ-CX-0057
This project builds on an ongoing collaborative research partnership in
which Omaha Police Department professionals and university researchers
identify the department's research needs, develop a community policing-
related research agenda, carry out the agenda, and assess its impact on the
department and the community.

*Establishing a Research Partnership: Forest Park (Ohio) Police Division
and the University of Cincinnati

University of Cincinnati
Lawrence Travis
96-IJ-CX-0088
This partnership is working to increase the capacity of the Forest Park
Police Division to conduct and utilize research and improve sensitivity
among university faculty and students to the operational problems of
police agencies.

*Evaluation of Community Policing Project

Hagerstown (Maryland) Department of Police
Dale J. Jones
95-IJ-CX-0051
This project, conducted by researchers from Shippensburg University in
Pennsylvania, assesses the implementation of the Hagerstown Police
Department's community policing program, which was designed to reduce
fear of crime and improve the quality of life for residents and merchants in
two neighborhoods.

*Forging a Florida Law Enforcement Research Coalition

Florida State University
Anthony Pate
95-IJ- CX-0085
This award supports the Florida Law Enforcement Research Coalition, a
coalition of law enforcement officials and planners and university faculty
working to improve community policing efforts to reduce crime and
improve the quality of life.

*Forming a Research Partnership: Lansing Police Department and
Michigan State University

City of Lansing
Timothy S. Bynum
95-IJ-CX-0093
This partnership between the Lansing (Michigan) Police Department and
Michigan State University continues evaluation activities and enhanced
information dissemination that will be integrated into the department's
community policing program.

*Impact of Charleston, West Virginia, Community-Oriented Policing

Marshall University Research Corporation
Girmay Berhie
96-IJ-CX-0063
This partnership is studying the impact of community policing in
Charleston, West Virginia, on business owners, low-income housing
residents, other city residents, and police personnel.

*Implementing Community Policing in Los Angeles: A Partnership
Between the LAPD, UCLA, and USC

Training Research Corporation
Edward Smith
95-IJ-CX-0060
This project establishes a partnership between the Los Angeles Police
Department and the city's two largest research universities to test whether
the implementation of community policing can be accelerated by feeding
data into the organization at strategic points and whether such a
partnership can be a catalyst in transforming a large and complex police
agency.

*Indianapolis Management Accountability Program: A Collaboration
Between the Indianapolis Police Department and Indiana University

Indiana University, Bloomington
Alexander Weiss
96-IJ-CX-0092
Through this award, a team of university researchers and police officials
are evaluating the Indianapolis Police Department's management
accountability program and enhancing the department's crime analysis
capacity.

Joint Research Partnership for Community-Oriented Policing

St. Louis University
James F. Gilsinan 
95-IJ-CX-0062

This collaborative project between the university and the St. Louis
Metropolitan Police Department examines the commitment of first-line
supervisors to a community-oriented policing approach and develops
criteria for recognizing and rewarding activity that results from this
approach.

*Locally Initiated Research on Community Policing Initiatives in
Jefferson County, West Virginia: Process and Outcome Evaluation

Jefferson County (West Virginia) Coalition on Substance Abuse
Diane C. McCoy
95-IJ-CX-0088
This award continues research into the behaviors and perceptions of
uniformed and civilian State law enforcement officials toward community-
oriented policing. The research includes an examination of the impact of
technological enhancements on the operations and management of small
rural police forces.

*Locally Initiated Research: Developing and Expanding Problem-Solving
Partnerships in Jersey City

Jersey City (New Jersey) Police Department
Frank Gajewski
95-IJ-CX-0076
This partnership between the Jersey City Police Department and the
Center for Crime Prevention Studies at Rutgers University addresses
community policing issues in 32 neighborhood improvement districts. 

Locally Initiated Research Partnership with Arlington County, Virginia

The Urban Institute
Elizabeth Langston
98-IJ-CX-0009
The award supports a partnership between the Urban Institute and the
Arlington County (Virginia) Police Department to explore the continued
development of community policing.

*Locally Initiated Research Partnership: Framingham (Massachusetts)
Police Department and Social Science Research and Evaluation, Inc.

Social Science Research and Evaluation, Inc.
Robert Apsler
96-IJ-CX-0070
This award establishes a partnership between a police department and a
research organization to assess an innovative program in which victims
who have taken out restraining orders receive cellular phones to contact
police in an emergency.

*Meeting the Needs of Racine Citizens: Evaluation of a Community
Policing Program

University of Wisconsin, Parkside
Helen Rosenberg
96-IJ-CX-0093
Residents, business owners, politicians, educators, social service
personnel, and police are partners in this systematic study of the impact of
community policing in Racine, Wisconsin.

*National Evaluation of Locally Initiated Research Partnerships

Institute for Law and Justice, Inc.
J. Thomas McEwen
95-IJ-CX-0083
This award continues and expands the current evaluation of the 37 projects
in the Locally Initiated Research Partnership program through case
studies, telephone interviews, review of grant products, Internet
participation, and interaction at annual cluster conferences.

*Partnership Against Crime: University of Maryland and Prince Georges
County Police Department 

University of Maryland, College Park
Lawrence W. Sherman
96-IJ-CX-0080
This partnership between the University of Maryland and the Prince
Georges County Police Department is modeled after the New York Police
Department's COMPSTAT program. The project's goal is to promote
intensive review of local crime patterns by top police commanders and
establish clear accountability for response to those patterns.

*Partnership for Research in Community Policing Strategies in a Rural
County and Three Small Cities

University of South Alabama
Robert Galbraith
95-IJ-CX-0072
This project is a demonstration of the mutual value of research, evaluation,
and program development partnerships between small and rural law
enforcement agencies and the faculty of a local urban university.


*Police-Academic Partnership for Evaluation and Research

University of Virginia
Janet Warren
96-IJ-CX-0044
This award supports an interactive, shared information system to conduct
research on workplace violence in three police jurisdictions. 

Police-Researcher Partnerships: Building the Infrastructure for Effective
Program Evaluation

Justice Research and Statistics Association
Joan C. Weiss
96-IJ-CX-0006 
This award helps to link local police departments with researchers at local
or regional universities and at State Statistical Analysis Centers to create
partnerships that will foster an environment for opportunistic, locally
initiated research on innovative policing strategies.

Proposal to Integrate Objective Performance Evaluation into Community
Policing

Boston Police Department
James T. Jordan
95-IJ-CX-0063
This project seeks to create an effective program for ongoing evaluation of
the Boston Police Department's community policing strategy and is
assessing the progress of neighborhood policing.

*Research Partnership Between the Lexington (Kentucky) Division of
Police and Eastern Kentucky University

Lexington/Fayette Urban County Government
Larry K. Gaines
95-IJ-CX-0048
This project establishes a research partnership to support one initial
research project, plan a second one, and establish a system within the
Division of Police for soliciting, prioritizing, and supervising subsequent
research projects. The second project will evaluate the police department's
move toward more geographically based deployment in support of
community policing.

Research Partnership Between Lexington (Kentucky) Police Department
and Eastern Kentucky University

Eastern Kentucky University
Larry K. Gaines
98-IJ-CX-0004 
This project establishes a research partnership to support one initial
research project, plan a second one, and establish a system for soliciting,
prioritizing, and supervising subsequent research projects.

o Intramural Projects

Assessing the Incapacitative and Deterrent Effects of Oleoresin Capsicum
(Pepper Spray)

Steven M. Edwards and Robert J. Kaminski
This project employs multivariate and time-series analyses to assess the
effectiveness of pepper spray in making arrests and to determine whether
its introduction into a large police department deterred assaults on police
officers.

Auto Thefts, Chop Shops, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Joe S. Szakas and Nancy G. La Vigne
Using geocoded data, researchers are utilizing GIS to extract the spatial
relationship between the location of the stolen and recovered cars. This
information will aid law enforcement's ability to create better search
strategies for uncovering chop shop sites.

Crime Mapping Survey

Cynthia Nahabedian with Nancy G. La Vigne, Eric S. Jefferis, Elizabeth
Groff, Joseph Szakas, Maureen O'Connell, and Julie Wartell
This national survey is determining the extent to which law enforcement
agencies use computerized crime mapping, in terms of both hardware and
software resources, as well as the types of maps that are produced and how
they are used. A final report is expected in August 1998.

Impact of Videotaped Police-Citizen Encounters on Public Perceptions of
Police

Eric S. Jefferis and Robert J. Kaminski
Using survey data from a random sample of Cincinnati residents over an
11-year period, this study examines how public opinion was affected by
the televising of a violent arrest of an African-American youth.

Mobility of DUF Arrestees

Robert Langworthy and Nancy G. La Vigne
This study is analyzing ZIP code data from arrestees in Drug Use
Forecasting samples to determine the concentrations of arrestees, the
concentrations of offenses, and the relationship between where offenders
live and where they commit crimes.

Patterns and Correlates of Assaults on Police

Robert J. Kaminski and Robert Langworthy
This project examines police organizational and structural characteristics
of cities associated with felonious killings of police officers in 77 cities
from 1980 to 1994. It also examines the congruence among several
national-level data sets on fatal assaults on officers.

Use of Force Between the Police and Persons with Impaired Judgment

Raymond L. Downs, Robert J. Kaminski, and Clete DiGiovanni
Researchers, working in partnership with the National Naval Medical
Center, are assessing the differences, if any, in use of force and its
outcome on arrestees who are and are not judgmentally impaired due to
alcohol, drug use, or psychiatric illness; the effectiveness of the force; and
the associated risks to the officer and the arrestee.

o Research Applications Contract Projects

Abt Associates Inc.
Joan Mullen
OJP-C-94-007

Citizen Review Boards
This report describes the range of responsibilities boards have assumed
and procedures they have adopted to deal with police misconduct.

Police/Corrections Partnership
This report looks at six successful policing/corrections partnerships and
how the agencies have positioned themselves to respond effectively to
solve community problems.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

Analysis of Global Database on Crime and Criminal Justice

Robin W. Burnham, NIJ Visiting Fellow
97-MU-CX-0002
This project is reviewing the history and development of the five waves of
the United Nations Crime Survey, assessing its weaknesses and strengths,
and developing recommendations to address specific concerns of member
nations.

Annual Review of Justice Research

Castine Research Corporation
Michael Tonry
92-IJ-CX-K044
This award supports development of the series Crime and Justice: Annual
Review of Justice Research, which focuses on the most significant and
policy-relevant information from criminal justice research and evaluation
for use by criminal justice policymakers, professionals, and researchers.

Committee on Law and Justice Support

National Academy of Sciences
Carol Petrie
98-IJ-CX-0030
The National Academy of Sciences Committee on Law and Justice is
assisting NIJ in increasing scientific understanding of crime and justice
issues through presentations and workshops. 

Community Justice: A Comprehensive and Analytical Review

George Washington University and Florida State University
David Karp and Todd R. Clear
97-RT-CX-0032
Two prominent researchers are examining the core elements of community
justice, including current practice, analytic framework, distinctiveness
relative to other approaches, and justification based on contemporary
political philosophy.

Computerization and Validation of an Inventory to Assess Adult and
Juvenile Sex Offenders

Brandeis University
Raymond Knight
94-IJ-CX-0049
This project continues the development of diagnostic instruments and
offender typologies, including the Multidimensional Assessment of Sex
and Aggression, for both adult and juvenile offenders.

Crime Atlas

Justice Research and Statistics Association
Joan C. Weiss
98-IJ-CX-K001
This award supports publication of a book of data that will provide
conference attendees with a common, empirically based understanding of
the trends in corrections and sentencing at the State and national levels.

Criminal Justice Research Training Program for Graduate Students

Howard University
Florence B. Bonner
97-IJ-CX-A087
This training program gives graduate students an opportunity to gain
experience in criminal justice research and research administration.

Developing an Internet Model for Cross-National Information Sharing and
Dissemination

Sergey S. Chapkey, NIJ Visiting Fellow
95-IJ-CX-0033
This project further develops the Institute's cross-national information
sharing and dissemination capabilities.

*Development of a National Study of Victim Needs and Assistance

Victim Services, Inc.
Robert Davis
98-VF-GX-0011
This award involves a pilot study of methodological approaches for a
national effort to identify crime victims and their needs, sources of
assistance, and services received. 

Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Data Systems in States

Justice Research and Statistics Association
Stan Orchowsky
96-IJ-CX-0057
This award continues and expands upon a study of the databases being
used by States to collect information on domestic violence and sexual
assault.

Evaluation of the Client Management Classification System

Sam Houston State University
Billy C. Covington and Jennifer D. Frisbee, Graduate Research Fellows
96-IJ-CX-0037
Using the logic of fuzzy set theory, this project is assessing the degree to
which a client management classification system succeeds in placing
offenders in appropriate supervision categories and compares the
classification system performance across gender and racial groups.

*Evaluation of the Local Law Enforcement Block Grant Program

Cosmos Corporation
Robert Yin
97-LB-VX-0013
This award examines how State and local governments are using Local
Law Enforcement Block Grant Programs, analyzes the decision-making
models they use to allocate funds, develops the process to identify an
innovative project, and evaluates BJA's electronic application process and
monitoring processes.

*Evaluation of Victim Advocacy Through a Team Approach

Wayne State University
Arlene N. Weisz
97-WT-VX-0006
This award evaluates the services provided by advocates in police and
prosecutor offices to examine the effectiveness of advocacy on the type of
prosecution, rate of repeat victimization, and satisfaction with services
offered.

Factors that Influence Victimization Outcomes

University of Maryland, College Park
Catherine A. Gallagher
98-IJ-CX-0025
This study is using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey to
create a longitudinal file of victims of personal crimes to determine how
the characteristics of the offender, situation, and prior victimizations affect
victims' behavior and the outcome of victimizations.

*Idaho Criminal Justice Statistics: Support for Analysis and Information
Sharing

Idaho Department of Law Enforcement
Robert C. Uhlenkott
97-MU-MU-K016
Through the Bureau of Justice Statistics' State Justice Statistics Program,
the Idaho Statistical Analysis Center is collecting, analyzing, and sharing
vital justice system information among the States and with the Federal
Government.

Impact of Community and Legal Context on the Adjudication and
Sentencing Process

Joint Centers for Justice Studies, Inc.
Christopher D. Maxwell
98-IJ-CX-0023
Multilevel modeling is being used to examine the effects of context on
adjudication and sentencing.

Impact of Criminal and Juvenile Justice System Policies and Practices

University of Illinois, Chicago
David E. Olson, Graduate Research Fellow
96-IJ-CX-0014 
This project examines the impact that social and criminal justice policies
have had on specific types of crime over the past 12 years in all 102
Illinois counties.

Indian Country Justice Initiative Evaluation Plan

Arizona State University
Carol Lujan
96-IJ-CX-0097
This project evaluates the Department of Justice's Indian Country Justice
Initiative, which is designed to improve the responsiveness of the
Department of Justice to the criminal justice needs of Native Americans.

Investigating Repeat Victimization with the National Crime Victimization
Survey

American University
Peter Koutsandreas
97-IJ-CX-0027
National Crime Victimization Survey data are being analyzed to ascertain
the contribution of repeat victims to the annual victimization rate and
determine predictors of the transition to repeat victim status, thus
providing insight into who will become a repeat victim.

John B. Pickett Fellowship in Criminal Justice Policy and Management

Harvard University

Susan Michaelson
92-IJ-CX-0012 
This award provides full tuition, fees, and related expenses for students
pursuing a 1-year master's degree in public administration. It also helps
career professionals who want to expand their knowledge of criminal
justice policy and management.

*Linguistic Methods of Determining Authorship

Carole E. Chaski, NIJ Visiting Fellow
97-LB-VX-0011
This project is developing, demonstrating, and testing a technique that
uses the language of a document to provide evidence of an author's
identity.

*Lummi Automated Case Tracking and Management System

Lummi Indian Nation
Darrell Hillaire
97-LB-VX-K016
This project is developing and implementing an automated case tracking
and management system that will electronically connect data on a criminal
incident, arrest, adjudication, and sentence to a unified database that can
be accessed by criminal justice agencies.

*Police Response to Officer-Involved Shootings

University of Houston
David A. Klinger
97-IJ-CX-0029
This award is examining how shootings affect police officers and
developing techniques to enhance the capacity of police administrators and
mental health professionals to develop procedures that will minimize
negative consequences for officers involved in such incidents.

Process and Impact Evaluation of Services Provided to Victims of Crime
by the Cook County (Illinois) State's Attorney's Office

Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority
Candice Kane
96-IJ-CX-0083
This project provides process and impact evaluations of the Cook County
(Illinois) Victim-Witness Assistance Program.

*Public Attitudes Concerning the Use of New Technologies to Detect
Weapons

Johns Hopkins University
Daniel W. Webster
97-IJ-CX-0022
This study is examining public attitudes toward new law enforcement
weapons detection and surveillance technologies and intervention
strategies. 

Public Responses to Vermont's Experiment with Restorative Justice

Doble Research Associates, Inc.
John Doble
98-IJ-CX-0028
This award is surveying the opinions of Vermont's citizens about and
experience with the State's system of "restorative justice" and the views of
criminal justice officials about the new system and its effectiveness.

Self-Evaluating Justice Organization: Building Local Evaluation Capacity

Michael G. Maxfield, NIJ Visiting Fellow
95-IJ-CX-0029
This project is examining the role of self-evaluation as a problem-solving
management tool in criminal justice agencies and producing a series of
publica-tions that focus on the role of evaluation and on methods for
carrying out an evaluation at the local level with limited resources and
expertise.

Sex Offender Notification in Wisconsin Communities

Marquette University
Richard G. Zevitz
98-IJ-CX-0015
This award examines the effectiveness of various approaches to notifying
citizens that a sex offender is living in their community.

*Sex Offenders in the Community: The Value of Polygraphs

Colorado Division of Criminal Justice
Kim English
97-LB-VX-0014
Researchers are exploring the value of and ethics surrounding polygraph
data in monitoring, treatment, and prevention of sexual assaults by sex
offenders who have been released to the community.


Toward Common Sense in Sentencing

Thomas J. Quinn, NIJ Visiting Fellow
95-IJ-CX-0016
This project examines the emerging interest in restorative justice from the
perspective of State and local criminal justice officials and policymakers.

Undocumented Aliens in Federal, State, and Local Criminal Justice
Systems

The Urban Institute
Rebecca Clark
96-DD-BX-0036
This project describes the characteristics of undocumented aliens in the
criminal justice system at the Federal, State, and local levels.

*Wisconsin Idea: Evaluation Partnership on Sentencing and Corrections

Wisconsin Department of Corrections
Michael E. Smith
96-CE-VX-0003
This study examines sentences imposed in archetypal cases, the
implementation of those sentences, and the philosophy behind and
techniques employed by correctional programs. 

Workshop on Longitudinal Surveys of Children

National Science Foundation
Cheryl Eavey
97-IJ-CX-A061
This award supports efforts to collaborate and share information among
both investigators and funders of current and future longitudinal surveys
of children.

o Corrections

Analysis of Post-Prison Employment of the Herman Toulson Boot Camps
Prerelease Employment Program

Coppin State University
Sherrise Y. Truesdale
97-IJ-CX-0037
This award compares the employment success of graduates of the Herman
Toulson Boot Camp Prerelease Employment program to offenders who
were placed on probation or parole.


*Analysis of Risk Factors Contributing to Recidivism Rate of Sex
Offenders Released to the Community

Adult Probation Department of Maricopa County (Arizona)
Lori Scott
96-CE-VX-0014
This research is identifying and tracking certain variables (such as
treatment, family support, level of denial, employment, and substance
abuse) to determine the extent to which they contribute to the successful
placement of the offender in the community.

*Boot Camps and Their Impact on Confinement Populations

Abt Associates Inc.
Dale Parent
96-SC-VX-0005
This study assesses the extent to which boot camps can achieve the goal of
accelerating the release of nonviolent offenders, thereby generating bed
space for the confinement of more violent offenders. Information on all 44
federally funded boot camps is being collected and 4 will be given
intensive analysis.

Case Classification in Community Corrections: A National Survey

University of Cincinnati
Edward Latessa
98-IJ-CX-0008
This award is surveying community corrections agencies to describe the
nature and extent of these agencies' use of case classifications.

*Collaborative Development of Individual Discharge Planning for
Incarcerated Women

University of Rhode Island
Kathryn Quina
96-CE-VX-0012
This project is determining the extent to which an intensive discharge
planning process improves psychosocial functioning and reduces the risk
of recidivism for incarcerated women.

*Correctional Boot Camps for Juveniles: A Proposal for a Multisite Study

University of Maryland, College Park
Doris MacKenzie

96-SC-LX-0001
This study examines the conditions of confinement at 27 juvenile boot
camps and measures and compares participant outcomes, such as the
juveniles' performance during community supervision.

*Cost Analysis of Day Reporting Centers

Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
Amy Craddock
97-IJ-CX-0006
This analysis is examining whether the benefits of providing day reporting
centers exceed the costs and assessing how to increase program efficiency.

*Crime and Justice Thematic Volume on Prisons

Castine Research Corporation
Michael Tonry
96-CE-VX-K001
This award supports the development of essays to be collected in a
thematic volume on prison issues for the Crime and Justice series.

Drug Testing for Youthful Offenders on Parole: An Experimental Study

California Youth Authority
Rudy Haapanen
91-IJ-CX-K023
This study compares the effects of different levels of routine, unscheduled
drug testing on criminality and parole adjustment among young adult
offenders on parole supervision.

*Effect of Correctional Resources on the Sentencing of Male and Female
Defendants in Minnesota

Florida International University
Lisa Stolzenberg
96-CE-VX-0008
This study examines gender-specific trends in sentencing in Minnesota
and whether judicial decisionmaking and sentence severity are influenced
by the differences in prison crowding in men's and women's prisons.

Enhancing the Evaluation Outcomes of Innovative Boot Camp Programs

Southern Illinois University
Tom Castellano
94-IJ-CX-0019

This project explores the factors associated with the implementation and
development of innovative correctional boot camps and examines program
impacts on such offender traits as self-esteem and problem-solving skills.

Evaluating the Impact of Alternative Housing and Programming Policies
in Adult Prisons

Abt Associates Inc.
Terence Dunworth
98-CE-VX-0003
This award is examining the issue of waived juveniles sentenced to adult
prisons to determine the number of waived juveniles admitted to adult
prisons in 1997 in each State, to identify the characteristics of these
juveniles, and to describe how prisons respond to their needs.

Evaluating the Impact of Alternative Placement: Long-Term Followup of
Adjudicated Delinquents

University of Illinois, Chicago
Michael Fendrich
95-IJ-CX-0108
This study explores the relative impact of alternatives to State training
schools on the recidivism of adjudicated delinquents.

*Evaluation of Los Angeles County (California) Juvenile Drug Treatment
Boot Camp

California State University, San Marcos
Sheldon Zhang
96-SC-VX-0003
This study evaluates the Los Angeles County (California) Drug Treatment
Boot Camp program to assess postprogram drug use, determine whether
postrelease criminal behavior is reduced, and identify the characteristics of
successful graduates.

*Evaluation of New Mexico's Private-Public Partnership Offender Work
Program

University of New Mexico
Bert Useem
98-CE-VX-0005
Researchers are examining the effects of New Mexico's new work
program on inmates and parolees.

*Evaluation of OJP FY95 Boot Camp Planning Grants


National Council on Crime and Delinquency
Sandra Tunis
96-SC-VX-0004
This national study focuses on the boot camp planning grants awarded by
the Office of Justice Programs' Corrections Program Office in fiscal year
1995 and examines barriers to achieving planning and implementation
goals and char-acteristics that lead to successful planning and
implementation.

Evaluation of the Bureau of Justice Assistance's Correctional Options
Demonstration Program

National Council on Crime and Delinquency
James F. Austin
95-DD-BX-K009
This award supports continued evaluation of cost-effective alternatives to
traditional incarceration. Fifteen sites that operate boot camps and other
intermediate sanctions programs are being evaluated.

Evaluation of the National Institute of Corrections' Criminal Justice
System Project

Policy Studies, Inc.
David Price
97-IJ-CX-0056
This process evaluation of the National Institute of Corrections' Criminal
Justice System Project (CJSP) is assessing the ability of new correctional
policymaking structures to work collaboratively, generate long-term
strategies for systemwide change, and develop sanctioning options that
meet policy goals.

*Executive Seminar Series on Sentencing and Corrections

University of Minnesota
Michael Tonry
97-MU-MU-K006
This project is holding five seminars involving researchers and
practitioners with expertise in sentencing and corrections to identify
significant issues and discuss how those issues can be addressed through
sentencing policies and correctional practices.

*Forging a Florida Correctional Research Coalition

Florida State University
Gordon Waldo
96-CE-VX-0007
This award supports the creation of the Florida Correctional Research
Coalition (FCRC), a partnership between the School of Criminology and
Criminal Justice at Florida State University and the Florida Department of
Corrections.

Girl Scouts Behind Bars Program: Research and Evaluation

University of Baltimore
Kathleen Block
94-IJ-CX-K013
This evaluation of the Maryland Girl Scouts Beyond Bars program
assesses the impact of enhanced visitation on the relationship between
incarcerated mothers and their daughters by collecting data on the
children's school and home life.

*Government Management of Correctional Privatization and Its Impact on
Public Administration

Abt Associates Inc.
Terence Dunworth
98-CE-VX-0002
This award examines issues related to the privatization of correctional
initiatives, including the experience to date of Federal, State, and local
governments in managing private correctional firms and an evaluation of
contracting approaches.

Health Status of Soon-to-Be-Released Inmates

National Commission on Correctional Health Care
Robert Greifinger
97-IJ-CX-K018
Panels of experts in correctional health care are identifying interventions
for the diagnosis and treatment of communicable diseases, chronic
diseases, and mental illnesses in soon-to-be-released inmates.

*HIDTA Seamless System for Drug-Involved Offenders: A Randomized
Multicenter Evaluation

University of Maryland, College Park
Faye S. Taxman
96-CE-VX-0017
This project evaluates the efforts of eight Maryland counties to increase
prison space for violent offenders by integrating drug treatment and sur-
veillance for nonviolent felons.

Identifying Effective Correctional Programs for Female Felony Offenders

Michigan State University
Timothy S. Bynum
96-IJ-CX-0021 
This project is evaluating two innovative community programs for female
offenders.

*Impact of Truth-in-Sentencing on Length of Stay in Prison

The Urban Institute
William J. Sabol
98-CE-VX-0006
This award assesses the effects of truth-in-sentencing provisions on length
of stay, develops methods for estimating length of stay for entering
cohorts, and explores how the criminal justice and corrections systems
have adapted to truth-in-sentencing.

Implications for Corrections of the Community Movement in Criminal
Justice

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Todd R. Clear, NIJ Visiting Fellow
96-IJ-CX-0004 
This project addresses a variety of issues related to the role of local
communities in correctional responses to crime and justice, including the
theoretical implications of local justice and the practical and strategic
aspects of the local justice concept of community safety.

*Local Impact of Violent Offender and Truth-in-Sentencing Legislation:
How Probation and Community Corrections Respond

RAND Corporation
Peter Greenwood
96-CE-VX-0001
This project assesses the impact of violent offender and truth-in-
sentencing legislation in six selected counties and examines major
sentencing structures, the role of counties in drafting and passing violent
offender and truth-in-sentencing legislation, the changes in local jail and
probation policies and practices, and the costs and benefits of this type of
reform.

*Managing Felons in Los Angeles County, California


RAND Corporation
Joan Petersilia
96-CE-VX-0018
This project explores the impact of State sentencing initiatives on county
corrections by examining how felons are sanctioned and managed in Los
Angeles County and the consequences of such sanctions in terms of public
safety and costs.

*National Multisite Impact Evaluation of Private and Public Boot Camp
Programs

National Council on Crime and Delinquency
James F. Austin
96-SC-LX-0002
This project evaluates 10 boot camp programs, including 3 adult offender
programs run by State departments of corrections, 3 adult offender
programs run by counties, and 4 juvenile offender programs operated
privately. The research focuses on whether aftercare strategies are
effective in influencing outcomes.

New Boys On the Block: Under-18-Year-Olds in Adult Prisons

American Correctional Association
Robert B. Levinson
97-IJ-CX-0024
This study is determining the number of offenders under 18 years of age in
adult prisons and examining the different management methods used to
assign this special juvenile population to living quarters.

*New Jersey's No Early Release Act: Its Impact on Prosecution,
Sentencing, Corrections, Parole, and Victim Satisfaction

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Candace McCoy
98-CE-VX-0007
This study is determining the impact of New Jersey's No Early Release
Act, which requires that offenders convicted of violent crimes serve a
minimum of 85 percent of their sentences before becoming eligible for
parole.

Nighttime Incarceration as an Intermediate Sanction

University of Oklahoma
Thomas James

98-IJ-CX-0011
This award is evaluating an Oklahoma program that uses nighttime
incarceration as an intermediate sanction.

Parents in Prisons: Understanding the Attitudes and Practices of
Incarcerated Men Toward Their Children

National Trust for the Development of African-American Men
Garry A. Mendez
97-IJ-CX-0036
Researchers are developing a survey of male prisoners to assess their
attitudes toward childrearing and are also developing a parenting program
to help incarcerated men learn how to communicate with their children;
build relationships; and provide for themselves, their families, and their
communities.

*Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing and Crime, Law, and Justice: A
Research Partnership

Pennsylvania State University
Barry Ruback
97-CE-VX-0001
This partnership is developing a 5-year research agenda involving a
multisite evaluation of the use and effect of intermediate sanctions,
especially victim restitution, and an assessment of the impact of changes
in sentencing policies on the racial and ethnic composition of
Pennsylvania's prisons.

*Probationer Compliance With Conditions of Supervision

University of Maryland, College Park
Doris MacKenzie
93-IJ-CX-0045
This project provides information about conditions of community
supervision and explores the relationship between violations of the
conditions and criminality.

Profiling the Needs of California's Female Youth Authority Population

California State University, Fresno
Barbara Owen
95-IJ-CX-0098
This applied research project develops a protocol to assess the needs of the
female youthful offender population nationwide.


Public Support for Corrections Rehabilitation: A Factorial Survey
Approach

University of Cincinnati
Brandon K. Applegate
96-IJ-CX-0007
This project examines public support for rehabilitation in Ohio's
correctional system and the factors that influence such public support.

Test, Modify, and Retest: An Agenda for Evaluating Intensive Supervision
and Probation

Council of State Governments and American Probation and Parole
Association
Timothy H. Matthews
95-IJ-CX-0032
This project evaluates a prototypical intensive supervision and probation
model to promote behavioral change in offenders by focusing on the
concentrated provision of services rather than surveillance and
incapacitating measures only.

Testing Hair Samples and the Pennsylvania Prison Project

Psychemedics Corporation
Chris Berka
96-IJ-CX-C005 
This project conducts radio-immunoassays on head hair specimens to
determine recent and past drug use among prison inmates.

Texas Prison-Based Treatment Assessment

Texas Christian University
D. Dwayne Simpson
96-IJ-CX-0024
This outcome evaluation of a prison-based therapeutic community, a
residential treatment center, and an outpatient care program examines
whether providing in-prison treatment coupled with postrelease services
can reduce recidivism, drug use, and HIV risk behaviors over time. 

*Unintended Consequences of Increased Incarceration on Community
Organization

The Urban Institute
William J. Sabol
98-CE-VX-0004

In many communities, an increasing number of young men are being
incarcerated. This project is examining the impact of this phenomenon on
crime patterns and community social order.

*Unintended Consequences of Sentencing Policy: The Creation of Long-
Term Health Care Obligations

Abt Associates Inc.
Terence Dunworth
98-CE-VX-0001
This project is assessing the health care needs and associated health care
costs for offenders under the custody of the Federal Bureau of Prisons and
predicting changes in these needs as a result of violent offender initiatives,
truth-in-sentencing provisions, and other sentencing reforms.

Violations of Release Conditions and the Prediction of Criminal
Recidivism

University of Maryland, College Park
Claire Souryal
96-IJ-CX-0011 
This research expands the studies of intensive parole supervision by
analyzing whether technical violations of parole conditions signal that an
offender is likely to commit a new crime.

*Violent Offender Incarceration and Truth-in-Sentencing: National
Evaluation of Implementation Experiences and Impact on Corrections

RAND Corporation
Susan Turner
96-CE-VX-0006
This evaluation tracks and documents over time significant changes in a
number of key process and outcome variables for the 50 States, including
legislative actions, prosecution and defense strategies, sentencing patterns,
criminal justice system costs, and crime rates. RAND is also conducting
case studies of recent sentencing and correctional reforms in six States.

o Courts

Adjudication and Sentencing Process: The Impact of the Community and
Legal Context

Joint Centers for Justice Studies, Inc. 
Christopher D. Maxwell
98-IJ-CX-0023

This award examines disparities in adjudication and sentencing processes
across jurisdictions to alert policymakers to the social and demographic
conditions that can contribute to inequalities. 

Assessment of Washington, D.C.'s Pilot Community Prosecution Initiative

Barbara Boland, NIJ Visiting Fellow
97-IJ-CX-0058
This award is assisting the U.S. Attorney of the District of Columbia in
evaluating the effectiveness of the Fifth District's Community Prosecution
Pilot Project.

Clients of Street Prostitutes: Exploring Court Diversion Programs

University of Portland
Martin A. Monto
97-IJ-CX-0033
This research is providing descriptive data on men who have been arrested
for soliciting prostitution in San Francisco and Portland and who are
required to participate in a court diversion program.

*Data Collection and Communication: An Implementation Guide

National Center for State Courts
Susan Keilitz
96-WT-NX-0002
This study expands the national evaluation of the Office of Justice
Programs' STOP (Services, Training, Officers, Prosecutors) grants to
thoroughly analyze their experiences with data collection and
communication systems to enable future development, implementation,
and standardization of data collection and communication systems.

Dispensing Justice Locally: An Analysis of the Impacts, Costs, and
Benefits of the Midtown Community Court

Fund for the City of New York
Michele Sviridoff
96-IJ-CX-0019 
This evaluation of the Midtown (Manhattan) Community Court expands
the assessment of the court's impact on quality-of-life offenses, recidivism,
and jail displacement and includes a cost-benefit analysis.

*Domestic Violence Courts

National Center for State Courts
Victor Flango
98-WT-VX-0002
This award is creating the first comprehensive catalog of domestic
violence courts in the United States and is developing a set of performance
goals and related measures to build a common under-standing of the
operations of various models of domestic violence courts.

Effects of Court Dispositions on the Likelihood of Rearrest for Domestic
Violence Arrestees in Cincinnati

University of Cincinnati
John Wooldredge
95-IJ-CX-0102
This project assesses the effectiveness of pretrial detention, conviction, or
jail sentences for preventing and delaying further domestic violence by
suspects arrested for misdemeanor domestic violence in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Estimating the Costs and Benefits of Mandatory Sentencing Laws

RAND Corporation
Peter Greenwood
95-IJ-CX-0099
This project assesses the potential costs and benefits of three-strikes-and-
you're-out and similar mandatory sentencing laws to help administrators
plan for their implementation and help public officials and the general
public better understand them.

Evaluating Treatment Drug Courts in Portland, Oregon, and Las Vegas,
Nevada

Crime and Justice Research Institute
John Goldkamp
98-DC-VX-K001
This evaluation consists of a two-part study with a descriptive, historical,
and attitudinal analysis of the two drug courts and a retrospective
assessment of their operation over a 5-year period.

*Evaluation of Drug Treatment Courts: Kansas City, Missouri, and
Pensacola, Florida

Abt Associates Inc.
Terence Dunworth
97-DC-VX-K002
This award supports a process and outcome evaluation of two drug courts.


*Evaluation of Florida's Residential Drug Treatment and Prison Diversion
Program

Richard L. Linster, NIJ Visiting Fellow
96-CE-VX-0010
As Florida's prison admissions have decreased, commitments to residential
drug treatment programs have grown. This project assesses the impact of
these programs in terms of recidivism and costs and benefits.

Evaluation of a Metropolitan Area DWI Night Court

New Mexico State University
L. Thomas Winfree, Jr.
96-IJ-CX-0022
This evaluation measures the effects of a specialized, driving while
intoxicated (DWI) night court on recidivism rates, changes in attitudes and
self-reported behaviors, court operations, the local criminal justice
community, the local legal community, and other interest groups.

*Evaluation of North Carolina's Structured Sentencing Law

Research Triangle Institute
James Collins
96-CE-VX-0013
This project examines the impact of North Carolina's structured sentencing
law and the implications for sentencing legislation, guidelines, structures
to support sentencing reform, resource needs, and correctional program
development.

*Evaluation of the Development and Implementation of Virginia's
Sentencing Law

National Center for State Courts
Brian Ostrom
96-CE-VX-0005
This project provides the first systematic examination of the
implementation of Virginia's new no-parole, truth-in-sentencing laws
implemented in 1995.

Evaluation of the District of Columbia Superior Court Drug Court
Intervention Program

The Urban Institute
Adele Harrell
94-IJ-CX-K011

This award supports process and impact evaluations and cost-benefit
analysis of two treatment strategies associated with the D.C. Drug Court
Intervention Program.

Evaluation and Review of the Peacemaker Court of the Navajo Nation

Temple University
Eric Gross
97-IJ-CX-0039
Researchers are measuring the efficacy of the Peacemaker Court
(including rates of recidivism and contribution to social harmony) and
assisting the Navajo Judicial Office in developing a comprehensive
computerized system that will organize Court performance evaluation.

*Evaluation of the Kings County (New York) Felony Domestic Violence
Court

Fund for the City of New York
Michele Sviridoff
97-WT-VX-0005
This evaluation of the Kings County (New York) Felony Domestic
Violence Court, which emphasizes continuous judicial supervision of
defendants and continual updates on the delivery of assistance to victims,
is based on a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods.

Impact of Mandatory Minimum Sentences on Felony Case Processing

National Center for State Courts
John Goerdt
94-IJ-CX-0040
This study examines the impact of two sentencing trends--mandatory
minimum sentences for first-time drug offenders and mandatory minimum
sentence enhancements for habitual offenders--on trial rates, backlog,
delay, and conviction rates.

*Impact of Truth-in-Sentencing Reform in Massachusetts

Massachusetts Committee on Criminal Justice
Francis J. Carney
96-CE-VX-0011
This project examines the impact of sentencing guideline reforms on
judicial decisionmaking and on criminal justice resources.

Improving Alien Adjudication and Pretrial Release Procedures

Vera Institute of Justice, Inc.
Christopher E. Stone
95-IJ-CX-0034
This award supports the design and implementation of a demonstration
program to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of adjudication and
pretrial release procedures for aliens.

Influence of Court, Prosecutor, and Defense Resources on Felony
Adjudication Procedures and Interagency Coordination of Felony Case
Processing

National Center for State Courts
John Goerdt
94-IJ-CX-0003
This project examines court, prosecutor, and defender resources; case
management procedures; and methods of interagency coordination and
their impact on the pace and outcomes of felony adjudication in 10 large
urban jurisdictions.

*Multisite Evaluation of Second Generation Sentencing Commissions

Abt Associates Inc.
William Rhodes
96-CE-VX-0016
This award supports a study of four sentencing commissions to determine
the various effects of sentencing guidelines. Specific areas being studied
include dispositional disparity, durational disparity, variations in effects
among States, and changes in the size and composition of prison
populations.

*Offender Outcomes Under North Carolina Criminal Justice Partnership
Act

Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
Amy Craddock
96-CE-VX-0004
This study assesses offender outcomes under a new North Carolina
structured sentencing system that reserves jail and prison space for violent
and repeat offenders and directs most others to community-based
sanctions.

Prosecution in the Community: A Study of Emergent Strategies

Harvard University
George Kelling and Catherine Coles

95-IJ-CX-0096
This study documents and develops profiles of prosecutorial strategies in
State prosecutors' offices in five cities; explores the congruence between
operational strategies of police and prosecutors; and determines indicators
to measure community prosecution's effectiveness in dealing with specific
problems.

*Prosecution Strategies in Domestic Violence

University of Iowa
Carolyn Hartley
95-WT-NX-0003
This study examines the prosecution of domestic violence-related cases to
identify those strategies associated with a successful outcome of
conviction on the original charge.

Prosecutorial Response to Bias-Motivated Crimes

American Prosecutors Research Institute
Don Rebovich
95-IJ-CX-0004
This 12-month study gathers information on the prosecution of bias-
motivated offenses through a mail survey administered to approximately
800 district attorney's offices nationwide.

Restoring Accountability in Pretrial Release in the 1990s: An Experiment
in Managing Safe and Effective Release

Crime and Justice Research Institute
John S. Goldkamp
96-IJ-CX-0008
This award supports an evaluation of how the Philadelphia criminal court
system has adapted to greater autonomy in pretrial release decisions and
an assessment of the elements of effective (minimal and safe) pretrial
release.

Rethinking Organizational Strategies and Criminal Justice Performance
Measures: The Case of Community Prosecution

Barbara Boland, NIJ Visiting Fellow
95-IJ-CX-0112
This award supports development of performance measures for the
Portland, Oregon, model of community prosecution; assessment of the
applicability of the performance measure methodology to Manhattan's
community prosecution model; and documentation of the characteristics of
community prosecution strategies nationwide.

*Study of Legislation and Impact of Two-Strikes Legislation

National Council on Crime and Delinquency
James F. Austin
96-CE-VX-0009
This project builds on a study of the impact of California and Washington
State's two- and three-strikes laws to include an analysis of Georgia's
recently enacted two-strikes law. 

Teen Court Planning Grant

Time Dollar, Inc.
Edgar S. Cahn
96-IJ-CX-0002
This award supports an innovative approach to delinquency prevention
and intervention in Washington, D.C., called Teen Court, which holds
offenders responsible, offers services and job training, and involves
community members.

Three-Strikes-and-You're-Out: A Comparative Study of Two States' New
Legislation

National Council on Crime and Delinquency
James F. Austin
95-IJ-CX-0026
This research project analyzes how three-strikes-and-you're-out laws are
being implemented by the courts and the consequences for criminal justice
system charging practices, pretrial detention, court delay, court
disposition, and prison population growth.

*Unintended Impacts of Sentencing Reforms and Incarceration on Family
Structure

University of Minnesota
Samuel Myers
96-CE-VX-0015
This project assesses the impact of incarceration and sentencing reforms
on family structure and stability by investigating the same empirical issue
using three data sets and applying a variety of statistical methods.

o Law Enforcement Family Support Program

*Collier County (Florida) Sheriff's Office Law Enforcement Family
Support Initiative

Collier County
Edward Ferguson
97-FS-VX-0004
This project establishes a comprehensive stress reduction program for law
enforcement and corrections personnel and their spouses.

*Family Violence Prevention and Recovery Project

Los Angeles County (California) Sheriff's Department
Audrey L. Honig
97-FS-VX-0003
This award is creating a multifaceted education, training, and treatment
program for law enforce-ment personnel who are experiencing family
violence problems and assessing how the agency responds to such
incidents in the community.

Identification of Work and Family Services for Law Enforcement
Personnel

Police Research Education Project
Elizabeth McGee
95-IJ-CX-0113
This project identifies the work and family stress factors in police officers'
lives and the programs provided to assist them. It also surveys a national
sample of law enforcement agencies to determine the availability and
success of such programs.

*Law Enforcement Family Support: Demonstration Project

Tennessee Sheriff's Association, Inc.
Paul Jennings
97-FS-VX-0005
Stress reduction services are being provided through peer support groups,
a toll-free hotline for officers and their families, a stress reduction program
for regional academies, and a training workbook.

*Law Enforcement Family Support

National Association of Police Organizations
Jody Hedeman
96-FS-VX-0001
This project develops, implements, and evaluates innovative and
comprehensive stress reduction educational training programs for officers'
perceived work and family needs in Dallas, Texas; Erie County, New
York; and Minneapolis, Minnesota.

*Law Enforcement Family Support Demonstration Project

Baton Rouge (Louisana) Fraternal Order of Police, Lodge 1
Kevin McCarthy
96-FS-VX-0005
This project is expanding the existing Critical Incident Stress Debriefing
program to cover the entire State of Louisiana and to include stress
reduction services for officers experiencing all types of employment-
related stress.

*Law Enforcement Family Support Program

Iowa State University
Eugene Deisinger
96-FS-VX-0006
This award is developing and evaluating a comprehensive stress
management program model for university, municipal, and county law
enforcement officers and their families in rural areas.

*Law Enforcement Family Support Program

Vermont Department of Public Safety
Michael Sorenson
96-FS-VX-0008
This program provides stress management services to police officers and
their families as needed throughout the State of Vermont.

Law Enforcement Family Support Survey and Focus Groups

Center for Criminal Justice Studies
Elizabeth Langston
95-IJ-CX-0089
This study provides information on the extent and nature of police stress
as identified by focus groups of police officers and spouses.

*Law Enforcement Family Support: Training Program for Reduction of
Stress Among Law Enforcement Officers and Their Families

New York Division of Criminal Justice 
Eileen Langer
96-FS-VX-0002
This program trains police officers and their families throughout the State
of New York in stress management techniques.

*Law Enforcement Work and Family Stress Support

Baltimore City (Maryland) Fraternal Order of Police
Gary McLhinney
97-FS-VX-0001
This project is assessing the effectiveness of a total quality management
(TQM) model to reduce stress for Baltimore officers and their spouses
using surveys of perceived stress, accident rates, citizen complaints, and
absenteeism, among other variables.

*Police Chaplaincy: An Innovative Law Enforcement Stress Reduction
Delivery System

Arkansas State Police
Jim Tudor
96-FS-VX-0004
This statewide law enforcement chaplaincy program provides routine and
emergency stress management services, including alcohol and/or
dependency counseling, postshooting counseling, officer trauma
counseling, death notifications, and specialized education for police
recruits and their families.

*Stress Reduction Among Law Enforcement Officers and Families
Exploratory Study

City of Buffalo
R. Gil Kerlikowski
96-IJ-CX-0056
This study is identifying gender- and ethnic-specific stressors facing law
enforcement officers and developing strategies that could be imple-mented
by law enforcement organizations to address such stressors.

*Stress Reduction Program for Law Enforcement Officers and Their
Families

City of Colorado Springs, Colorado
Carol Logan
97-FS-VX-0002
This award is examining the value of using eye movement desensitization
and reprocessing (EMDR), which has been successfully used to treat
posttraumatic stress syndrome and other psycho-logical traumas, to reduce
job-related stress among police officers and their families.


*Stress Reduction Program for Law Enforcement Personnel and Their
Families

Los Angeles (California) Police Department
Kevin Jablonski
98-IJ-CX-0010
This award is examining the efficacy of stress reduction interventions
related to anger behavior and management, testing for HIV, and
involvement in civil litigation.

*Stress Reduction Program for New York City Police Officers

New York City Patrolmen's Benevolent Association Membership
Assistance Program
William Genet
96-FS-VX-0007
This project is developing a handbook for peer support officers,
conducting awareness training to expand the network of mental health
clinicians who are familiar with the needs and problems of police officers
and their families, conducting training for l,500 officers and family
members, and organizing support groups.

*Stress Training for Officers and Partners

Miami Police Department
Gerald Darling
96-FS-VX-0003
This project provides stress management training, which addresses both
personal and work-related problems, to 200 new officers and their
families.

o Intramural Projects

Assessment of Sentencing Outcomes for Drug Offenders in State Courts

Jordan Leiter and Angela Moore-Parmley
This research compares sentencing outcomes for black and white drug
offenders convicted in State courts in Virginia and Minnesota. Both the
likelihood of being incarcerated and the length of incarceration are being
studied. 

Balancing Probation Officer Caseloads for Risk

Pamela K. Lattimore
This project continues NIJ's work with the Florida Department of
Corrections to use model-generated probabilities of probation failure to
assign probationers to appropriate levels of supervision.

Equalizing Penalties for Crack and Powdered Cocaine: The Minnesota
Experience

Jordan Leiter and Angela Moore-Parmley 
This research compares the disposition and length of sentence for
defendants charged with crack and powder cocaine offenses in Hennepin
and Ramsey Counties before and after sentencing guidelines were enacted
to equalize the penalties for these types of offenses.

Prison Drug Use: Results of Drug Testing in a State Prison System 

Thomas E. Feucht and Pamela K. Lattimore
In cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections,
researchers are measuring the extent of drug use in prisons and assessing
the impact of specific drug control strategies, including drug-detection
dogs, electronic drug-detection equipment, and randomized drug testing. 

o Research Applications Contract Projects

Abt Associates Inc.
Joan Mullen
OJP-C-94-007

Addressing HIV/AIDS, STDs, and TB in Jails and Prisons

This project is updating information on the policies and procedures related
to HIV/AIDS, STDs, and TB among incarcerated adult and juvenile
offenders.

Case Management of Criminally Involved Populations

This report documents recent research on case management for offenders
and provides examples of case management-based criminal justice
programs.

Correctional Officer Stress

This report examines the types of stress correctional officers face and the
funding, marketing, and monitoring of programs designed to reduce that
stress.

Dispute Settlement Center of Durham, North Carolina


This indepth review of the services offered by the Dispute Settlement
Center of Durham, North Carolina, focuses on the problems the Center has
confronted and various issues involved in its development and operation. 

Employment Clearinghouse for Former Offenders

This report, cofunded with the National Institute of Corrections, describes
a partnership between Washington State's Department of Corrections and
Department of Employment Security that coordinates employment
services for former offenders, including training in job readiness, job
seeking, and employment retention.

Florida's Automated Risk Classification System for Probationers

NIJ researchers have developed a statistical model for assessing risk and
needs to better target the level of supervision each probationer needs. This
report describes in lay terms how the automated pilot program worked.

Life Skills Programs: Delaware, Nebraska, and Other Sites

This series of reports, cofunded with the U.S. Department of Education,
describes instructional programs in correctional settings designed to help
inmates succeed once released. Program implementation, obstacles and
opportunities, and specific program elements, such as literacy, financial
management, parenting, and anger control, are described.

Maryland Shelter Plus Mental Health Care Program for Dually Diagnosed 
Offenders Released From Jail

This report describes and assesses a new program for mentally ill
offenders who are newly released from jail and detention centers. Through
housing vouchers, the program reduces the likelihood that this population
will become homeless. 

Pretrial Services

This report explores developments in the field of pretrial services,
emphasizing the ways pretrial services respond to the pressures of
emergency release, three-strikes-and-you're-out legislation, juveniles, and
the increasing number of drug-related crimes.

Project SEEK

This report highlights Project SEEK (Services to Enable and Empower
Kids), a Michigan program for families and children of incarcerated
persons (primarily fathers).

Victim Impact Statements

This report details the history and current use of victim impact statements
and examines community impact statements, which are of considerable
interest to the restorative justice and community justice movements.

Women's Prison Association and Home, Inc.

This report highlights a community program in New York City that
provides a variety of support services for newly released women inmates
to ease their transition into the community.

TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

*Application of Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry to Trace
Evidence Analysis

Lockheed Martin Energy Research, Idaho National Engineering
Laboratory
Gary S. Groenewold
97-LB-VX-A050
This award supports static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)
analysis for chemical characterization of trace evidence, focusing on man-
made fibers and paint coatings.

Armstrong Laboratory Acoustic Study

U.S. Department of the Air Force, Armstrong Laboratories
James R. Jauchem
97-DT-CX-A069 
This award is demonstrating the utility of ultra-low-frequency sound as an
incapacitation technology suitable for hostage rescue scenarios.

Assessment of Explosively Formed Penetrator (Flying Plate)

U.S. Department of the Navy, Naval Surface Warfare Center
Mard Magdinec
97-DT-CX-A074
The Department of the Navy is assessing the potential utility of an
explosively formed penetrator (flying plate).

*Assessment of Law Enforcement Technology Training Needs

Sam Houston State University
Larry T. Hoover
97-LB-VX-K020
This award is surveying technology training needs and available training
curriculums to determine areas of inadequacy, then is developing new
technologies and systems for law enforcement.

Assessment of Police and Sheriff Departments

Center for Technology Commercialization, Inc.
Thomas Kennedy

97-LB-VX-K012
This award is surveying a representative cross section of police and
sheriff's departments to determine current use and unmet needs for
information management.

*Ballistics Matching Using Three-Dimensional Images of Bullets and
Cartridge Cases

Intelligent Automation, Inc.
Leonard S. Haynes
97-LB-VX-0008
Three-dimensional data are being captured from a bullet's surface using a
structure similar to an atomic force microscope. The new approach builds
upon an existing system--called Rotoscan--which digitizes striation data
from bullets.

*Body Cavity Screening System

Quantum Magnetics, Inc.
Geoff Barrall
97-LB-VX-K019
A safe, noninvasive system based on magnetic resonance imaging is being
designed and tested to detect contraband, such as very hard plastic or
metal weapons or narcotics, being transported or hidden inside the body.

Bomb Threat Training Simulator

University of Houston, Office of Sponsored Programs
Christopher Chung
96-IJ-CX-0025 
This project is developing computer-based, first-on-the-scene bomb threat
training scenarios to augment conventional classroom training.

*Collection and Analysis of Explosives Trace Chemical Evidence

Lockheed Martin Energy Research, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Michael E. Sigman
97-LB-VX-A052
New materials and methods--surface wipes and sorbents--are being
developed for the sampling and analysis of trace chemical evidence,
including pre- and postblast explosive residue from surfaces.

*Computerized Mug Book

Southeastern Louisiana University
Hunter A. McAllister
97-LB-VX-K024
This research is testing the use of computerized, multimedia mugshots and
video imagery in criminal identification.

*Containment Devices for Small Terrorist Bombs

JAYCOR Defense Sciences Group
Herman H. Klein
97-DT-CX-K001
Because current methods of bomb disposal are dangerous, this award
supports development and evaluation of a new design for a low-cost,
lightweight, easily transportable, blast-resistant container for law
enforcement to store and transport bombs. 

Cutting Edge of Technology: An Information Campaign

International Association of Chiefs of Police
Charles E. Higginbotham
92-IJ-CX-0003
This project seeks to ensure that law enforcement learns about innovative
technology applications developed and researched by the National Institute
of Justice.

*Database Integration and Access for Law Enforcement Intranet

Tucson (Arizona) Police Department
Bradley Cochran
97-LB-VX-K023
This award involves design and management of an integrated justice
information database, secured intranet server and transaction processing,
and cost-effective graphical remote information access functions.

*Demonstration of Orthophotographic Representation and Analysis

University of Maryland, Baltimore 
Keith D. Harries
97-LB-VX-K004
This award is using orthophotography, a digital geography technology, to
enable police officers and community residents to photographically
visualize crime and other relevant social and environmental data. 

Detection and Classification of Concealed Weapons Using Magnetic
Gradient Measurements

U.S. Department of Energy, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory
Jonathan Nadler
95-IJ-CX-A027
This project is using magnetic gradient measurement techniques in the
design and fabrication of a prototype passive sensor system for detecting
and classifying concealed weapons carried by individuals.

Determination of the Comparative Ballistics of Enhanced Threat Weapons

University of Denver, Colorado Seminary
Deborah Bradford
95-IJ-CX-K004
This project is developing a reasonable spectrum or matrix best suited for
comparative ballistics data of enhanced threat weapons. The project is
designing an experimental program that will determine the comparative
ballistics of enhanced threat weapons in law enforcement and corrections
settings.

*Development of Advanced Wireless Technology Standards

Association of Public Safety Communications Officials International, Inc.
Craig M. Jorgensen
97-LB-VX-K002
This award supports development of a series of technical, land mobile,
narrow-band voice and data standards to enhance the capabilities of public
safety agencies to access information and reduce inquiry response time.

*Development of a Baton with a Projectable Restraining Net LRF, Inc.

Guy Javarone
97-LB-VX-K011
This award is developing a law enforcement baton with a projectable
restraining net to enable law enforcement officers to better control
suspects without using injurious or lethal force.

Development of Certification Examinations for Practicing Firearms and
Toolmark Examiners

Association of Firearm and Toolmark Examiners
Kenneth F. Kowalski
97-IJ-CX-0038
This award is developing written certification exams for practicing firearm
and toolmark examiners to rectify some of the criticisms that have arisen
in the field of forensic examination. 

Development of DNA Identification Techniques for Forensically
Important Insects

University of California, Berkeley
Felix A.H. Sperling
97-IJ-CX-0035
This award utilizes DNA sequence data to precisely identify the life stages
of most insects collected during forensic investigation in North America.
Such forensic entomological evidence is frequently used to estimate time
since death.

*Development of a Personal Alarm and Location Monitoring System for
Corrections Officers

Telephonics Corporation
Dennis Fortner
97-LB-VX-K021
This award involves design and development of a personal alarm and
location system, based on radio frequency identification technology, that
will protect corrections officers in all areas of a prison complex and will
not require rewiring of an existing prison.

DOD-DOJ Joint Program Steering Group, Concealed Weapons Detection

U.S. Department of the Navy
Jerry A. Koenig
97-IJ-CX-A013
This project continues support for concealed weapons detection
technology initiatives undertaken by the U.S. Department of Defense-
Department of Justice Joint Program Steering Group.

DOD-DOJ Joint Program Steering Group, Counterterrorism 

U.S. Department of Defense
David Fields
97-IJ-CX-A025
This award supports engineering and technical assistance to the
counterterrorism technology initiatives undertaken by the U.S. Department
of Defense-Department of Justice Joint Program Steering Group.

Domestic Violence Electronic Monitoring Project in San Diego

Science Applications International Corporation
Sid Chillcott
97-IJ-CX-K014

This project is evaluating a specially configured electronic monitoring
technology for domestic violence offenders to determine its effectiveness
in preventing further violence, its impact on the courts and enforcement
agencies, and its utility in enforcing court-issued protection orders.

*Estimation of the Postmortem Interval From Entomological Evidence

University of Florida, Gainesville
Jon C. Allen
97-LB-VX-0001
This project is developing forensic methods for using insect faunal
observations at crime scenes to estimate time of death. 

*Evaluation of Oleoresin Capsicum

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Michael Bowling
97-LB-VX-K018
This study is examining the effectiveness of oleoresin capsicum spray for
law enforcement by analyzing data on assaults, injuries, and complaints
alleging excessive force.

Explosives Detection and Remediation Research and Evaluation

U.S. Department of Defense, Office of Special Technology
Jeffrey David
97-DT-CX-A068
This award is determining the explosive detection needs of law
enforcement and is selecting, demonstrating, and evaluating the
applicability of existing technologies to meet those needs.

*Face Recognition Technology for Internet Based Gang Tracking

Visionics Corporation
Norman A. Redlich
97-LB-VX-K007
This award is developing database software to compare new images with
existing images in the database to match and identify subjects. 

*Facial Recognition Technology

Analytic Services, Inc.
Helena Wisniewski
97-LB-VX-K025
This award is advancing current investigative efforts on behalf of missing
and exploited children by automating the process of matching
photographic resources from the National Center for Missing and
Exploited Children and exploring tools for image-progression/regression
and open source searches.

*Facilitation of Domestic and International Technology Partnerships in
Counterterrorism Efforts

Eagan, McAllister Associates, Inc.
Robert Greenberg
96-LB-VX-K008
This award supports the development of NIJ partnerships with technology
and law enforcement organizations that can work together with NIJ.

*Field Evaluation of the System for the Effective Control of Urban
Environment Security (SECURES)

University of Cincinnati
Lorraine Green Mazerolle
96-MU-MU-0018
This project is evaluating the impact in Dallas of SECURES, which uses
technology developed for the military to detect and report the location of
gunshots in an urban environment. The research is documenting
partnership-building efforts among the Dallas Police Department, Alliant
Techsystems, Inc., and the local community.

*Handheld Remote Concealed Weapons Detector

JAYCOR Defense Sciences Group
Franklin S. Felber
97-LB-VX-K008
This project is developing a handheld remote concealed weapons detector
that will enable law enforcement officers to detect metallic and
nonmetallic weapons concealed beneath clothing up to 20 feet away.

*Hazardous Devices Training Tool

U.S. Department of the Navy
Walter H. Ott
97-DT-CX-A044
This project is developing a computer-based training course for bomb
technicians for use by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Explosive Unit-
Bomb Data Center, to support State and local law enforcement agencies.

*Health Hazard Assessment for Kinetic Energy Impact Weapons

U.S. Department of the Army
Gregory J. Argyros
97-LB-VX-A024
This award provides support, assistance, and resources to the U.S. Army
Medical Research and Materiel Command to assess nonlethal blunt impact
munitions and delivery systems for health hazard effects. 

Immigration and Naturalization Service Tire Deflator Development: Phase
3 Follow-On

Eagle Research Group, Inc.
John Rhines
97-IJ-CX-K001
This project is designing and fabricating prototype lightweight tire
deflation devices capable of being remotely activated to stop fleeing
vehicles at security checkpoints.

*Investigative and Surveillance Technology: Training and Technical
Support

Institute of Investigative Technology
John S. Ramming
97-LB-VX-K014
Training and technical support in investigative and surveillance
technology is being provided through a series of training sessions and a
toll-free hotline that can advise callers on the use of certain types of
equipment and technologies.

Law Enforcement Technology Commercialization Office (OLETC)

Wheeling Jesuit University
Paul O. Ginouves
98-IJ-CX-K002
OLETC develops and refines new strategies to accelerate the
commercialization of innovative law enforcement and corrections
products. It is committed to bringing high-value, well-tested products to
market in a quick and affordable manner. 

Medicolegal Death Investigator Guidelines and Training Project

Occupational Research and Assessment, Inc.
Steven C. Clark
96-MU-CX-0005 
This project is developing national guidelines for death investigations,
criteria for training death investigators, and model legislation for State
adoption.

*Multisensor Portal Concealed Weapon Detection

Chang Industry, Inc.
Yu-wen Chang
98-DT-CX-K001
This award is developing and testing the next generation of multiple
sensor portal concealed weapons and counterterrorism detection systems.

*National Center for Arson and Explosion Research

University of Central Florida
William McGee
97-DN-VX-0001
This award is creating a forensic laboratory to study terrorist use of arson
and explosives as tools of death and destruction.

*Naval Command, Control, and Ocean Surveillance Inservice Engineering
Laboratory--East Coast Division (NISE-E) Technical Programs

U.S. Department of the Navy
Steve Morrison
97-LB-VX-A043
This award supports research and development for the U.S. Navy's
Portable Power Source Project and program management for its Concealed
Weapons Detection Program.

*New Radio Location Technology for Electronic Monitoring of Offenders
in the Community

Signatron Technology Corporation
Steen A. Parl
97-LB-VX-K003
This project is studying the feasibility of using technology based on radio
location techniques with continuous location and tracking capability as an
alternative to conventional, electronic monitoring house arrest.

*NIJ Surplus Property Program

Ultimate Enterprise Limited
Michael Simpson
96-LB-VX-K002
This project is developing procedures for locating, selecting, storing,
repairing, and transferring select Department of Defense surplus property
to State and local law enforcement and corrections agencies. 

*Oak Ridge National Laboratory Forensic Sciences Program

U.S. Department of Energy
Susan Heiser
96-LB-VX-A043
This award supports the establishment of a Department of Energy-NIJ
forensic laboratory alliance for law enforcement.

Operation of the Center for Advanced Support in Technology for Law
Enforcement

Federal Bureau of Investigation
Steven McPeak
97-LB-VX-A070
This award supports the continued operation of the Center for Advanced
Support in Technology for Law Enforcement.

*Passive Millimeter-Wave Camera for Concealed Weapons Detection

ThermoTrex Corporation
John A. Lovberg
97-LB-VX-K015
ThermoTrex Corporation is designing, developing, and evaluating a
passive millimeter-wave camera that can reveal concealed weapons under
clothing as well as on the other side of a building wall.

*Regional Gang Information System: Phase I

Police Executive Research Forum
Clifford Karchmer
96-LB-VX-K007
This project is conducting an initial demonstration of the Massachusetts
Lotus Notes application to determine whether it can be used to establish a
National Gang Tracking Network and is reviewing the legal and regulatory
requirements that could impact the design, operation, and use of such a
network.

Ring Airfoil Projectile System

Guilford Engineering Associates, Inc.
David Findlay
97-IJ-CX-K019

This project is testing the feasibility of adapting Department of Defense
inventories of Ring Airfoil Projectiles (RAP) to law enforcement's need
for less-than-lethal weapons.

*Sandia National Laboratories Test Facility

Sandia National Laboratories
Debra D. Spencer
97-LB-VX-A004
This award supports the establishment of a facility for testing both
commercial and new prototype equipment, including equipment for the
detection of explosives and drugs.

SkyTracker Surveillance System

National Systems and Research Company
Paul Scheffer
96-IJ-CX-K006 
This project is integrating the U.S. Department of Defense's Global
Positioning System, a commercial communications satellite system, and
miniaturized remote location sensors to covertly monitor the vehicles of
suspected criminals.

*Smart Card Systems for Prison Pharmacies

Battelle Memorial Institute
Frank J. Lukz
97-LB-VX-K017
This award is developing a pharmaceutical dispensing system that uses a
plastic credit card with an embedded microchip that stores static and
dynamic information electronically. The system has the potential to be
used as an electronic purse to record a prisoner's medical copayments,
commissary account, and parole and other information.

*Smart Gun Development and Prototype

Colt's Manufacturing Company, Inc.
Douglas G. Overbury
97-LB-VX-K006
This award supports redesign of the Smart Gun Evaluation Prototype 1 to
incorporate a smaller transponder, an integrated power supply and RF
module in the grip, a laser aiming device, an improved blocking device,
and a small onboard diagnostic display. 

*Southwest Border States Antidrug Information System

Criminal Information Sharing Alliance
Glen Gillum
97-LB-VX-K009
This award extends the Southwest Border States AntiDrug Information
System to critical law enforcement agencies in Arizona, California, New
Mexico, and Texas; produces technical recommendations for the
telecommunication infrastructure that supports the System; and develops a
wide area network architecture to support the Texas Criminal Law
Enforcement Reporting and Information System.

*Stand-Off Detection and Tracking of Concealed Weapons

Quantum Magnetics, Inc.
Peter V. Czipott
98-DT-CX-K002
This award is producing a device to mount on a patrol car and measure
magnetic signals that indicate the presence of concealed weapons passing
in front of the car.

*Systems Engineering and Technical Assistance for the National Institute
of Justice, Office of Science and Technology

U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Support Office
Carl F. Kiele
96-LB-VX-A038
This award supports program and technical management, planning and
oversight, and systems engineering and technical evaluation for NIJ's
science and technology programs. 

Technical Requirements for Implementation of Technology Information
Network and Technical Support

U.S. Department of the Navy
Steve Morrison
95-IJ-CX-A016
This project provides resources, advice, and recommendations on the
technical requirements for implementation in the first phase of
construction of a hub Technology Information Network for the National
Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers.

Technology Assessment Program

U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and
Technology
Kathleen M. Higgins
94-IJ-CX-A004
This award continues support for projects developed under the Technology
Assessment Program, such as DNA PCR standards, laboratory
accreditation, armor piercing ammunition testing, trauma plate testing,
less-than-lethal technologies technical support, and integrated systems
digital network standards. 

Testing the Reliability of Animal Models in Research and Training
Programs in Forensic Entomology

Louisiana Tech University
James D. Liberatos
94-IJ-CX-0039
This study authenticates a currently used method for determining the post
mortem interval by scientifically testing the yet unsupported claim that the
domestic pig is a reliable human surrogate in forensic entomology.

Testing Reliability of Animal Models in Forensic Entomology: Phase 2

University of Indianapolis
Neal H. Haskell
97-IJ-CX-0046
This project is assessing the adequacy of pig carcasses as surrogate human
corpses to advance entomological indicators in death investigations and
provide unequivocal information concerning the type and number of
sampling methods investigators should employ at death scenes.

Training Technology Development and Implementation

U.S. Department of Defense, Naval Air Warfare Center
Janet Weisenford
97-LB-VX-A042
This award is creating joint strategies for the development of training and
simulation technologies.

*Two-Dimensional Concrete Penetrating Imaging Radar

Hughes Missile Systems Company
Larry M. Fraizer
97-DT-CX-K002
This project is testing and evaluating two-dimensional, concrete
penetrating imaging radar, which can reveal objects on the other side of
high-density walls or structures. The imaging radar is being tested and
evaluated under typical law enforcement field conditions. 

*Working With Technology in Corrections

American Correctional Association
John J. Greene
96-LB-VX-K004
This award is identifying, locating, and evaluating methods used to
purchase correctional technologies. It also supports a conference to
introduce manufacturers and suppliers to a cross section of practitioners
who will share their experiences with and expectations of the uses of
corrections technology.

o Community-Oriented Policing Technology

*APD Intranet/Briefing Stations

Arlington (Texas) Police Department
Larry Barclay
97-IJ-CX-K005
This grant is developing a system for beat officers to access information
through a number of methods, such as computerized briefing stations,
electronic mail, and beat inquiries.

*Affordable Crime Mapping and Information-Sharing Technology for
Community Police Officers

New Orleans (Louisiana) Police Department
Michael Pfeiffer
97-IJ-CX-K006
This award is developing an affordable crime-mapping and information-
sharing technology using touch-screen technology for beat officers and
community members.

*Algorithmic Image Matching: Police Technology Research and
Development Project

Santa Ana (California) Police Department
Paul M. Walters
97-IJ-CX-K011
This project supports the development of an algorithmic image matching
(AIM) system to reduce the time required to search automated mug shot
systems. AIM will provide the ability to search mug shot systems based on
known facial features of a suspect and compare photographs, sketches, and
video images.

*Artificial Neural Network System for Classification of Offenders in
Murder and Rape Cases

Battelle Memorial Institute 
Jennifer Miles
97-IJ-CX-K007
This grant is developing software for the Washington State Attorney
General's Office that can compare unknown murder and rape offenders
and their method of operating to the offenders and methods in similar
cases on file.

*Automation of Local Police Functions

New York State Department of Criminal Justice Services
Jim Shea
97-IJ-CX-K009
This award is providing the expanded, real-time database access software
used by nearly half of New York State's law enforcement agencies,
allowing officers to access and add incident and arrest data via laptop
computer.

*Concealed Weapons and Counterterrorism Detection System

Nicolet Imaging Systems
Christopher McBee
97-IJ-CX-K016
This award supports the development and testing of an improved portal
device to detect contraband.

*Demonstration of a Concealed Weapons Detection System Using
Electromagnetic Resonances

Akela, Inc.
Allan Hunt
97-IJ-CX-K013
This project is developing a handheld concealed weapons detection system
with potential to detect metal and plastic weapons beneath clothing.

*Development of a Neighborhood Problem-Solving System

Abt Associates Inc.
Marianne Beauregard
97-IJ-CX-K017
This award is developing a neighborhood problem-solving system for
Hartford, Connecticut, that will contain databases of city agencies,
demographic data, and other community information.

*FALCON (Future Alert and Contact Network)

Charlotte (North Carolina) Police Department
Maureen Brown
97-IJ-CX-K004
This project is developing the Future Alert and Contact Network
(FALCON) to predict community problems and allow the beat officer to
be more proactive in community policing.

*Largo Police Department Wireless Internet Project

Largo (Florida) Police Department
Brian McKeon
97-IJ-CX-K002
This grant is implementing a wireless remote data and voice
communications system to link beat officers, investigators, and the
community. Officers will use devices equipped with wireless cellular
modems, keyboards, pen-based handwriting software, cellular voice
communication, and Web-browsing software, creating a wireless intranet.

*Metropolitan Nashville Police Department's Palm Top Project

Metropolitan Nashville (Tennessee) Police Department 
Ken Peace
97-IJ-CX-K003
This project is creating an onsite system for law enforcement officers to
conduct up-to-date warrant, arrest history, and stolen vehicle checks;
access mug shots; and complete reports onsite and online. 

*Portable Concealed Weapon Detector

Los Angeles County (California) Sheriff's Office
Yu-Wen Chang
97-IJ-CX-K015
This research is developing the prototype of a handheld device to detect
metal or plastic concealed weapons at a distance of up to 10 feet.

*Portable Voice-Command Translation System

Integrated Wave Technologies, Inc.
A. Robert Sabo
96-IJ-CX-K008
This project is designing and fabricating three voice response translator
(VRT) modules that allow officers to identify a subject's language and
translate the officers' questions and instructions into that language.

*Pursuit Management Task Force

Aerospace Corporation
Donald Peterson
96-IJ-CX-K007
This multiagency task force studies operational practices and procedures,
vehicle stopping technologies, legal and liability issues, policy and
doctrine, training, and community acceptance to accelerate the
introduction of safer and more effective methods of vehicle pursuit.

*Seamless Mobile Law Enforcement Computer Network

Virginia Department of State Police
John Furlough
97-IJ-CX-K010
This grant is developing an infrastructure in Virginia to seamlessly
connect different cellular carriers for voice and data communications. The
infrastructure will maximize the coverage area and minimize the cost of
transmission.

*Software Development for Intelligence Gathering

Monroe County (Florida) Sheriff's Office
Tyrrell Armstrong
97-IJ-CX-K008
This project is developing and demonstrating a new information gathering
strategy that enables police to collect, classify, and analyze data based on
geographic location.

*Vehicle Stopper Technology Evaluation Program

U.S. Department of the Army
Edward P. Scannell
96-IJ-CX-A047
This program is testing and evaluating electric/electromagnetic vehicle
stopper technologies and concepts.

o DNA 5-Year Plan

*Chip Based Genetic Detector for Rapid Identification of Individuals

Nanogen, Inc.

Michael I. Nerenberg
97-LB-VX-0004
This award is applying silicon microchip-based technology to analysis of
the variability of chromosomal tandem repeats to permit greater than 99
percent certainty of identity and accelerate development of a fully
integrated, portable system.

*Creating a Database of Y-Chromosome STR Loci

Pennsylvania State University
Mark Stoneking
98-LB-VX-0005
This award supports development of a database for seven variable Y-
chromosome marker profiles in 1,800 men previously typed for other
forensically relevant DNA markers.

Development of Capillary Electrophoresis for Application in Forensics
DNA Testing Procedure

University of Virginia
Ralph Allen
93-IJ-CX-0030
This study examines sequence polymorphisms from mitochondrial DNA
(mtDNA) to answer the questions of genetic variability in racial and ethnic
subpopulations. The research also makes improvements to mtDNA
sequence databases and evaluates genetic mutation rates.

*Development of Criteria for Model External DNA Proficiency Testing

University of Illinois, Chicago
Joseph L. Peterson
96-DN-VX-0001
This study investigates the feasibility of developing a blind, external DNA
proficiency testing program for public and private forensic science
laboratories. 

Development of a Rapid, Immobilized Probe Assay for the Detection of
mtDNA Variation

Children's Hospital, Oakland Research Institute
Kathleen H. Gonzalez
96-IJ-CX-0028 
This study is developing a simple and rapid method for typing
mitochondrial DNA sequence variation, known as the "reverse dot blot"
technique, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification.

*Development of the Human Y Chromosome as a Forensic Tool

University of Arizona
Michael F. Hammer
97-LB-VX-0010
Development of the human Y chromosome for use as a forensic tool
promises to be less complicated than current typing systems and carries
low risk of postcollection contamination.

*Evaluation of New STR Markers for Forensic Analysis

University of Cincinnati
Ranjan Deka
98-LB-VX-0002
Researchers are establishing the utility of short tandem repeat (STR) loci
in forensic DNA analysis by characterizing a large number of STR loci in
well-defined populations of known anthropological and demographic
histories.

*Forensic Typing of Mitochondrial DNA Using Peptide Nucleic Acid
Probes

American University
James E. Girard
97-LB-VX-0005
This award combines forensic and academic laboratory techniques to
develop a powerful alternative to traditional gel electrophoresis.

*Improved Analysis of DNA Short Tandem Repeats for Human
Identification

Genetrace Systems, Inc.
Christopher H. Becker
97-LB-VX-0003
This project uses mass spectrometry to achieve a more efficient, less
expensive analysis of DNA short tandem repeats than current technology
allows.

Isolation and Characterization of Population-Specific Alleles

University of Pittsburgh
Mark D. Shriver
95-IJ-CX-0008
A database is being developed for estimating the ethnic affiliation of
unknown suspects by typing a random sample of African-American,
Caucasian, and Hispanic residents from Pennsylvania for the identified
markers.

Massively Parallel DNA Typing by Capillary Array Electrophoresis
(CAE)

University of California, Berkeley
George Sensabaugh
93-IJ-CX-0010
This project adapts the CAE technology to criminal justice DNA testing
for a variety of markers, including short tandem repeats, and enables the
criminal justice system to rapidly generate large numbers of DNA profiles.

*Microchip DNA Fingerprinting Devices

Lockheed Martin Energy Research, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
J. Michae1 Ramsey
97-LB-VX-A063
This project is developing a "laboratory-on-a-chip" technology to address
the common problems in forensic DNA analysis of high cost, lengthy
analysis times, and the potential for sample contamination.

Mitochondrial DNA Variation in North American Populations of Forensic
Interest

Pennsylvania State University
Mark Stoneking
92-IJ-CX-K040
This project continues a study to type mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in
five geographical subpopulations of four groups (Caucasians, African-
Americans, Hispanics, and Asians) to determine the extent and forensic
significance of mtDNA subpopulation heterogeneity; ascertain whether
any significant association exists between mtDNA types and genotypes at
other loci used forensically; and increase the size of the mtDNA database.

*Rapid DNA Typing by Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry

Lockheed Martin Energy Research, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
C.H. Winston Chenn
97-LB-VX-A047
This award supports development of a faster, more cost-effective approach
to DNA typing using laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) with
improved resolution and sensitivity.

*Validation of Pattern Recognition Methods Applied to Forensic
Chemical Data

University of South Carolina
Stephen L. Morgan
97-LB-VX-0006
Forensic analytical methods are being developed and validated using
pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry coupled with
cherometric data analysis.

Validation of PCR-Based DNA Typing Databases for Forensic Use

University of Texas, Houston
Ranajit Chakraborty
96-IJ-CX-0023 
This study is developing automated methods of multilocus genotype-
frequency computations for PCR-based DNA testing to increase the
capabilities of crime laboratories. 

o Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

The following awards represent an ongoing NIJ effort to enhance the DNA
analysis capabilities of State and local crime laboratories across the
country. Projects focus on installation and upgrade of laboratory
equipment, implementation of a national DNA database, development of
faster methods of DNA typing, and training for analysts.

*Alabama: Expansion of the Felon DNA Data Bank Program

Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences
John Hicks
96-IJ-CX-0049

*Alaska: Enhancement of DNA Testing Capabilities

Alaska Department of Public Safety, Scientific Crime Detection
Laboratory
George M. Taft, Jr.
96-IJ-CX-0048

*Arizona: Enhancement of DNA Testing Capabilities

City of Tucson
Walter Tannert
96-IJ-CX-0032

*Arizona: Forensic DNA Enhancement Project

Arizona Department of Public Safety
Susan Narveson
96-IJ-CX-0094

*California: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

California Department of Justice, Bureau of Forensic Services
Jan Bashinski
97-IJ-CX-0001

*Charlotte, North Carolina: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement
Program

City of Charlotte
Roger Thompson
97-IJ-CX-0016

*Colorado: Denver Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

Denver (Colorado) Police Department
Greggory S. LeBerge
98-DN-VX-0010

*Connecticut: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

Connecticut Department of Public Safety, Connecticut State Police
Elaine Pagliaro
97-IJ-CX-0003

*Delaware: Establishment of a Statewide DNA Database with CODIS
Capability

Delaware Health and Social Services
Richard T. Callery
97-DN-VX-0010

*Florida: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

Florida Department of Law Enforcement
Dale Heideman
96-IJ-CX-0095

*Georgia: Enhancement of DNA Typing

Georgia Bureau of Investigation
George Harrin
96-IJ-CX-0079

*Idaho: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

Idaho Department of Law Enforcement
R. Dan Charboneau
97-DN-VX-0003

*Illinois: Expansion of DNA Analysis Capabilities--Illinois State Police
Forensic Sciences Command

Illinois State Police, Springfield
Susan Hart Johns
96-MU-VX-0020

*Illinois: Northern Illinois Police Crime Lab Forensic DNA Analysis
Program

Northern Illinois Police Crime Laboratory
Jane M. Homeyer
98-DN-VX-0011

*Indiana: DNA STR Evaluation Project

Indianapolis-Marion County (Indiana) Forensic Services Agency
James E. Hamby
96-IJ-CX-0052, 98-DN-VX-0004

*Kansas: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

Kansas Bureau of Investigation
Eileen Burnau
97-IJ-CX-0015

*Kansas: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

Sedgwick County (Kansas) and Wichita Police Department Consortium
Forrest Davis
96-IJ-CX-0061

*Kentucky: Enhancement of Serological Analysis to DNA Technologies

Kentucky State Police
Lonnie Moert
96-IJ-CX-0041, 98-DN-VX-0007

*Lousiana: Implementation of DNA Analysis at the Louisiana State Police
Crime Lab

Louisiana State Police
Frank L. Tridico
97-DN-VX-0012

*Louisiana: North Louisiana Crime Lab DNA Analysis Improvement
Program

North Louisiana Criminalistics Laboratory
Patrick W. Wojtkiewicz
98-DN-VX-0003

*Maine: Statewide DNA Laboratory Program

Maine Department of Public Safety
Timothy D. Kupferschmid
97-DN-VX-0008

*Maryland: DNA Forensic Laboratory Enhancements

Anne Arundel County (Maryland)
Jane C. Cooke
96-IJ-CX-0038

*Maryland: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

Maryland Department of Public Safety
Louis C. Portis
96-DN-VX-0002

*Massachusetts: State Police-Boston Police DNA Laboratory
Improvement Project

Massachusetts State Police
Kathleen M. Stefani
97-DN-VX-0015

*Michigan: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

Michigan Department of State Police, Forensic Science Division
Frank Schehr
97-IJ-CX-0004

*Minnesota: Development of a PCR Laboratory

Minnesota Bureau of Criminal 
Apprehension
Terry Laber
96-IJ-CX-0043

*Mississippi: PCR DNA Analyses Improvement Program

Mississippi Department of Public Safety
Deborah K. Haller
97-DN-VX-0004

*Missouri: Expansion of DNA Laboratory Program

Missouri State Highway Patrol
Lori Maloney
96-IJ-CX-0040

*Montana: DNA Identification Project

Montana Department of Justice
James Streeter
96-IJ-CX-0090, 98-DN-VX-0008

*Nebraska: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

Nebraska State Patrol
John Dietrich
97-DN-VX-0002

*New Jersey: Enhancement of STR Capabilities in the New Jersey
Forensic DNA Laboratory

New Jersey Division of Criminal Justice, Department of Law and Public
Safety
Margaret Tarver
96-IJ-CX-0089

*New Mexico: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

City of Albuquerque
Ann Talbot
96-IJ-CX-0039, 98-DN-VX-0009

*New York: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

New York Division of Criminal Justice
Carl M. Selavka
97-IJ-CX-0021

*North Dakota: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

North Dakota Department of Health
Aaron E. Rash
97-IJ-CX-0012

*Ohio: Statewide Consortium DNA Grant

Ohio Bureau of Criminal Identification and Investigation
Roger Kahn
97-DN-VX-0009

*Oklahoma: DNA Offender Database

Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation
Darrel W. Wilkins
97-DN-VX-0011

*Oregon: Validation of STR Typing of Convicted Offender Samples

Oregon Department of State Police
Cecilia von Beroldingen
97-DN-VX-0013

*Pennsylvania: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

Pennsylvania State Police
Christine Tomsey
96-IJ-CX-0034

*Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement
Program

Allegheny County (Pennsylvania) Department of Laboratories

Thomas Meyers
96-IJ-CX-0054

*Rhode Island: Forensic DNA Laboratory STR and CODIS Expansion

Rhode Island Department of Health
David B. Uliss
97-DN-VX-0005

*South Carolina: State DNA Offender Database Program

South Carolina Law Enforcement Division
Matthew G. Fitts
97-DN-VX-0006

*Tennesee: Enhancement of the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation
Forensic DNA Capabilities

Tennessee Bureau of Investigation, Forensic Services Division
William Darby
96-IJ-CX-0066, 98-DN-VX-0002

*Texas: Forensic DNA Enhancement Project

Texas Department of Public Safety
D. Pat Johnson
96-IJ-CX-0084, 98-DN-VX-0001

*Texas: Houston Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

City of Houston (Texas)
James Bolding
98-DN-VX-0005

*Texas: Implementation of Automated Multiplex STRs in Forensic
Casework

County of Dallas (Texas)
Timothy J. Sliter
98-DN-VX-0006

*Utah: Enhancement of the DNA Program in the Utah State Criminalistics
Laboratory

Utah Department of Public Safety, Division of Investigation

Pilar A. Shortsleeve
97-DN-VX-0014

*Vermont: Capillary Electrophoresis for Forensic STR Analysis:
Validation and Cost-Effectiveness

Vermont Department of Public Safety
Eric Buel
97-DN-VX-0007

*Virginia: Enhancement of Capability to Analyze DNA

Virginia Department of General Services, Division of Forensic Science
Deanne Dabbs
96-IJ-CX-0059

*Washington: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

Washington State Patrol
James S. Stuart
97-IJ-CX-0008

*West Virginia: Enhancement of STR Capabilities in the West Virginia
State Police Crime Laboratory

West Virginia Division of Public Safety
Ted Smith
96-IJ-CX-0055

*Wisconsin: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

Wisconsin Department of Justice
Jerry Guerts
97-IJ-CX-0002

o National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers
(NLECTC)

*National Headquarters--Rockville, Maryland: NLECTC

Aspen Systems Corporation
Marc H. Caplan
96-MU-MU-K011, 96-IJ-CX-K001

Northeastern Region--Rome, New York: NLECTC

U.S. Air Force, Rome Laboratory/Information Directorate
John A. Ritz 
95-IJ-CX-A040, 96-IJ-CX-A032 

*Rocky Mountain Region--Denver, Colorado: NLECTC

University of Denver, Colorado Seminary
Jim Keller
95-IJ-CX-K004, 96-MU-MU-K012

*San Diego, California: Border Research and Technology Center

U.S. Department of the Navy
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center
John Bott
Aerospace Corporation
Robert M. Pentz
Sandia National Laboratories
Debbie Spencer and Chris Aldridge
96-MU-MU-K006, 96-IJ-CX-A036, 97-LB-VX-A004

*Southeast Region--Charleston, South Carolina: National Law
Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center

U.S. Department of the Navy, Naval Electronic Systems Engineering
Center
Ronald L. Polkowsky
96-IJ-CX-A010, 96-LB-VX-K005

*Southeast Region--Charleston, South Carolina: National Law
Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center

South Carolina Research Authority
Gary A. Mastrandrea
97-MU-MU-K020

Western Region--El Segundo, California: National Law Enforcement and
Corrections Technology Center

Aerospace Corporation 
Robert M. Pentz 
96-MU-MU-K006

o Less-Than-Lethal Technology


*Less-Than-Lethal Technology Policy Assessment Panel

SEASKATE, Inc.
E.A. Burkhalter
95-IJ-CX-K001, 96-MU-MU-K016
A policy and technology assessment panel is identifying promising law
enforcement and corrections technologies from the defense, intelligence,
and private sector arenas in the short- and long-terms, as well as best
approaches in introducing them to the criminal justice community.

*Pepper Spray Projectile Disperser

Delta Defense, Inc.
Roy Kelly
97-MU-MU-K011
This award supports design and testing of an improved projectile capable
of dispersing oleoresin capsicum (pepper spray) for use in hostage,
barricade, and tactical assault situations. 

Public Acceptance of Less-Than-Lethal Technologies

Institute for Law and Justice, Inc.
J. Thomas McEwen
93-IJ-CX-K012
This study assesses public reaction to the use of new less-than-lethal
weapons and related technologies by law enforcement personnel.

*Technology Liability Task Group

SEASKATE, Inc.
E.A. Burkhalter
95-IJ-CX-K006, 96-LB-VX-K006
This award addresses science and the law and assesses and makes
recommendations regarding liability issues that might arise from
deployment of new technologies.

-------------------------------

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301-519-5500
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