Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Susan E. Finger
      Originator: James S. Bulak
      Publication_Date: unknown
      Title:
        Toxicity of Water from Three South Carolina Rivers to
        Larval Striped Bass.
      Other_Citation_Details:
        This metadata file can be found at:
        ftp://ftp.emtc.usgs.gov/pub/nbii_metadata/brdcerc0001.txt (text format)
        and
        ftp://ftp.emtc.usgs.gov/pub/nbii_metadata/brdcerc0001.html (HTML format)
        and
        ftp://ftp.emtc.usgs.gov/pub/nbii_metadata/brdcerc0001.sgml (SGML format).
  Description:
    Abstract:
      The toxicity of water from three rivers in the Santee-Cooper drainage
      of South Carolina was evaluated in a series of on-site studies with
      larval striped bass Morone saxatilis.  Mortality and swimming
      behavior were assessed daily for larvae exposed to serial dilutions of
      water collected from the Santee, Congaree, and Wateree rivers.  After
      96 h, cumulative mortality was 90% in the Wateree River, and a
      dose-response pattern was evident in serial dilutions of the water.
      Larvae exposed to water from the Santee and Congaree rivers swam
      lethargically, but no appreciable mortality was observed. Acutely
      toxic concentrations of inorganic contaminants were not detected in
      the rivers; however, pentachloroanisole, a methylated by-product of
      pentachloro-phenol, was twice as high in the Wateree River as it was
      in the other two rivers.  Phenolic compounds may have contributed to
      larval mortality in the Wateree River and to lethargic activity of
      larvae in the Santee and Congaree rivers.
    Purpose:
      The Santee-Cooper drainage in South Carolina is a spawning area for
      striped bass. Although egg production is higher than in the early
      1960's, striped bass recruitment has declined.  In 1984, the viability
      of freshly spawned eggs was as low as 25%.  Results from these
      surveys, combined with the lack of available information on
      contaminant concentrations in these important spawning rivers,
      prompted an evaluation of larval striped bass survival at three
      locations in the Santee-Cooper drainage.

      Studies were designed to evaluated survival of larval striped bass
      (0-4 days old) in each river system during active striped bass
      spawning and to relate larval survival to water quality conditions and
      contaminant concentrations in spawning habitat.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 19850408
        Ending_Date: 19850411
    Currentness_Reference: From Transactions of the American Fisheries Society Publication
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None Planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
      The Santee River, impounded in 1941 to create Lake Marion, is formed
      by the confluence of the Congaree and Wateree rivers and flows into
      Lake Marion 29 km downstream.  Contaminants in the Santee, Congaree,
      and Wateree rivers, originate from multiple point and nonpoint
      sources.  Effluents fro industrial, municipal, and domestic wastewater
      facilities are discharged into the Congaree and Wateree rivers,
      primarily near Columbia and Camden.  Major industrial activities in
      the area include textile plants, pulp mills, and several chemical
      manufacturing plants.  Additional contamination may result from
      nonpoint sources such as agriculture. logging, and urban development.
      Extensive floodplains and bottomland hardwood forests adjacent to the
      three rivers serve as sinks for heavy metals and organic
      contaminants.  Runoff from these organically enriched areas may
      increase the nutrient and contaminant burden of the three river
      systems during years of high rainfall.

      Sample sites were established on the Santee River 10 km downstream
      from the confluence of the Congaree and Wateree rivers, and on the
      Congaree and Wateree rivers 7 and 17 km upstream from their
      confluence, respectively.

      The Bounding Rectangle Coordinates below are very general coordinates
      appearing to define a rectangle around the area described above.
      They were derived from a couple of very course study area and
      road atlas maps.
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.00
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.00
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.00
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.00
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA Global Change Master Directory
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > HUMAN DIMENSIONS > ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS > CONTAMINANTS
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ZOOLOGY > FISH
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Theme_Keyword: Contaminants
      Theme_Keyword: Larval Striped Bass
      Theme_Keyword: Morone
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Place_Keyword: Congaree River
      Place_Keyword: Santee River
      Place_Keyword: Wateree River
  Taxonomy:
    Taxonomic_Keywords: Morone saxatilis
    Taxonomic_Coverage:
      Specific_Taxonomic_Information:
        Kingdom: Animalia
        Division-Phylum: Chordata
        Class: unknown
        Order: Perciformes
        Family: Percichthyidae
        Genus: unknown
        Species: Morone saxatilis
        Applicable_Common_Names: Striped Bass
      General_Taxonomic_Coverage:
  Access_Constraints: none
  Use_Constraints: None
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Susan Finger
        Contact_Organization:
          USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center (CERC)
          previously known as:
          Environmental and Contaminants Research Center
          [formerly Midwest Science Center]
          Biological Resources Division
          U.S. Geological Survey
          [formerly National Biological Service]
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 4200 New Haven Road
        City: Columbia
        State_or_Province: MO
        Postal_Code: 65201-9634
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 314 875-5399
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 314 876-1896
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: susan_finger@usgs.gov
  Data_Set_Credit:
    Susan E. Finger
    James S. Bulak
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Susan E. Finger and James S. Bulak
      Publication_Date: 1988
      Title:
        Toxicity of Water from Three South Carolina Rivers to
        Larval Striped Bass
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
        Issue_Identification: 117:521-528
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Unknown
        Publisher: Unknown

Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Unknown
  Logical_Consistency_Report: unknown
  Completeness_Report: unknown
  Lineage:
    Methodology:
      Methodology_Type: Lab
      Methodology_Description:
        Composite samplers were deployed to collect river water at 15 minute
        intervals throughout the four day study.  Water was pumped from the
        river through 0.48 cm Teflon tubing into 19-L acid washed glass
        collection containers held in ice baths during water collection to
        keep the sample cool (about 4 degrees C) during the day.  Temperature,
        pH, dissolved oxygen, hardness, alkalinity, and turbidity was
        measured daily in subsamples of each composite sample.

        Larvae (24 h old) were used in the tests.  The fish were exposed to
        full-strength river water and serial dilutions of 50, 25 and 12.5%.
        Well water with a pH of 7.7, alkalinity of 241 mg/L and hardness of
        280 mg/L was used.  Reverse osmosis water from the National Fisheries
        Contaminant Research Center in Columbia, Missouri and was used for
        dilution water preparation.

        At the beginning of each test, a single larva was placed in each
        beaker, and survival was recorded daily.  Swimming activity, defined
        as the number of visually detectable body movements in a 3 minute
        interval, was recorded for each individual.
    Methodology:
      Methodology_Type: Chemical Analyses
      Methodology_Description:
        Filtered and unfiltered water samples were digested for inorganic
        contaminants .  Analyses for copper and zinc were performed with a
        standard air and actylene burner and a deuterium arc background correction.
        Analyses for copper and zinc were performed.  Water samples were
        analyzed for organochlorine pesticides and PCB's.
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Not applicable
      Process_Date: unknown

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Based on local reference names

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
      Striped bass measured with respect to mortality and swimming
      activity.  Swimming activity was defined as swimming motions per 3 minutes.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: unknown

Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization:
          USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center (CERC)
          previously known as:
          Environmental and Contaminants Research Center
          [formerly Midwest Science Center]
          Biological Resources Division
          U.S. Geological Survey
          [formerly National Biological Service]
        Contact_Person: Susan Finger
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 4200 New Haven Road
        City: Columbia
        State_or_Province: MO
        Postal_Code: 65201-9634
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 314 875-5399
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 314 876-1896
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: susan_finger@usgs.gov
  Distribution_Liability:
    No warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or
    utility of the data on any system or for general or scientific
    purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such
    warranty.  This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data
    and aggregate use with other data.  It is strongly recommended that
    these data are directly acquired from the Biological Resource
    Division (BRD) of the U.S. Geological Survey
    and not indirectly though other sources which may have
    changed the data in some way.  It is also strongly recommended that
    careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file
    associated with these data.  Neither the BRD nor the NASA
    Global Change Master Directory shall be held liable for improper or
    incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein.
  Custom_Order_Process: Contact Susan Finger

Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 1988
  Metadata_Review_Date: 19960702
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Hughes STX
        Contact_Person: Cheryl Solomon
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 7701 Greenbelt Road
        City: Greenbelt
        State_or_Province: MD
        Postal_Code: 20770
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301 441-4249
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301 441-9486
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name:
    DRAFT Content Standard for National Biological Information
    Infrastructure Metadata.
  Metadata_Standard_Version: December 1995