INDEX-
Abbe. Prof . Cleveland . (Notes by the Editor.) Early history of the thermometer and barometer ......... Reprint of early meteorological charts ................... Meteorology in the public schools ........................ Liquid air (Lindes apparatus) ........................... Value of meter and yard ................................ International cloud observations at Toronto .............. Suggestions to observers ................................. Fall of an aerolite in Arizona ........... ................ Cycles in meteorology ................................... Development of the kite by European scientists .......... Musschenbroeks theory of the kite ...................... Dr . Thomas Young on the kite ........................... Brandes on the kite ..................................... Cavallos experiments with kites ....................... Chemical composition of the upper air ................... $Opening of navigation in Canada ........................ Icein KennebecRiver .................................. Fire at Huron, S . Dak ................................... Stereoscopic study of clouds ............................. Long-continued meteorological records ................... Monument to Buys-Ballot ................................ Seasonal forecasts for Oregon, by B . S . Pague ............. Cloud heights-a problem for students ................... Franklin Kite Club ...................................... The kite as used by Espy ................................ Kite used in 1822 by Fisher .............................. Archibald on kites ...................................... Efficiency of windmills (extract from Douglas Archibald) Franklin Kite Club and James Swaim ................... Kites in America and Europe ............................ Weather telegraphy in England and America ............ Captain Danseys kite for stranded vessels ............... Kerkams kite with rocket signals ...................... Use of the search light in meteorology ................... Waterspouts off Long Island ............................ Waterspout, cloudburst, or tornado ....................... Character of the skylight ................................ AtmosDheric vaDor ......................................
Page .
16 16
17 18 19 19
55. 99 56
57 58
59 59
59 60
61 63
98 98
98 99
161 161
162
163 163 164 164
165 165 205
206 206
206
207
207 207
98
208 Meteoiological &e of the term  Local  ................. 208 Water measurements for irrigation ....................... 208. 545
Melting snow and river floods ........................... 209 Snowfall in Colorado .................................... 210
Evaporation at Fort Collins. Colo ......................... 210 Hail and a rain gauge for its measurement ............... 210 Ignis fatuus or Jack-0-Lantern .......................... 211
Current weather and future crops ....................... 211
Secular changes in climates and crops ................... 211
Peculiar mountain storms (note by J . H . Struble) ........ 212
Cirrus clouds on the northwest side of a storm ........... 212 Anchor ice .............................................. 212
Chinook and the signs of its approach, by A . B . Coe ...... 213 Frost formations ........................................ 213
Records of foggy and cloudy days ....................... 249 Homogeneity and uniformity ............................ 249
Electrical districts ....................................... 249
Tornado frequency per unit area ......................... 250
Thunderstorms at Eustis, Lake Co., Fla .................. 251 Mechanism of thunderstorms ........................... 251 Frequency of thunderstorms ............................ 251 Audibility of thunder ................................... 252
Movements of winds and clouds in Minnesota ............ 252 Hourly results from self-registers at W . B . Stations ....... 252 Recent earthquakes .................... 257, 310, 399, 448, 493, 542
eismographs at meteorological stations .................. 259
Hot winds in Missouri .................................. 260
Hot winds in Kansas .................................... 260 Bright meteor ........................................... 261
Death of Mr . Joseph Cottier ............................. 303 Deaths of Weather Bureau observers .................... 303 Retirement of Professor Hann .......................... 303 Cloud heights a t Toronto ................................ 303
Rain gushes in thunderstorms ........................... 303 Importance of-sound theories ........................... 304
2 Climate and crime ........................................ 259
Page . Observation of halos ................................... 305 Thermometer exposure .................................. 306
Fake storms ............................................. 307
307 Mountain storms, by A . D . Elmer ........................ 307 Landslide in Vermont ................................... 307
Origin of the St . Louis tornado, by M . C . Walsh .......... 308 Frost formations ....................................... 308
Earthquake-proof buildings ............................. 309
Thunderstorms in Franklinville, N . Y . (J . W . Kales) .... 309 Kites at the Chicago conference, August, 1893 ............ 310 Origin of descending gusts of wind . (C . A . Love) ........ 351, 447 Postal telegraph clock and weather bulletin .............. 351 Electric waves in the atmosphere ........................ 352 Electrical districts ....................................... 332
Lightning and magnetic rocks . (Abstract from F . Pockels.) 352 Structure of hailstones . (Description by F . Rinne.). ..... 352 Ancient climate of Arizona .............................. 353 Vitality of seeds ........................................ 353
Mauritius-meteorology and cro s .................... 354
Practical science in Germany . fF.H. Mason) ............ 354 Climatological data for Jamaica, W . I .................... 259, 356 Cyclone in Nicaragua ................................... 356 Seismic noises ........................................... 393
Old weather records ..................................... 398
Depth of hail fall ........................................ 399
High level stations in Jamaica ........................... 399 Forms of lightning ...................................... 400
Resultant and prevailing winds .......................... 400 Frost formation in St . Paul . (Report by H . Volker) ..... 401 Handbooks of the Deutsche Seewarte .................... 401
On verifying the Laplacian barometric formula ........... 443
Circular by the Chief of the Weather Bureau ............ 445
VMountain stations in North Carolina ..................... 445 Hydrodynamic equations for the atmosphere . (C . Chree.) 445
Rain drops: their size and rate of fall .................... 445 Atmospheric electricity-Brillouins theory .............. 446
Hurricanes in the West Indies, by J . Ridgway, J r ........ 447 Altitudes of clouds (with letter from B . C . Hawkins) ..... 447 Distant cloud banks ..................................... 448, 543
The kite in France . (Abstract from Teisserenc de Bort) . . 490 491
Practical utilization of lightning .........................
Local climatic changes ..................................
Meteorological Institute ............................... Celebration of the semicentennial of the Royal Prussian
aeteorological station in Terra del Fuego . (M . Y . Ransom) Weather Bureau station on Mount Tamalpais ............. Mechanical determination of resultant wind . (Bessons apparatus) ........................................... Meteorological stations of Harvard University ............ Meteorology in the United States Geological Survey ...... Electric storms at Sacramento ............................ Distant cloud banks ..................................... The tension of aqueous vapor ............................ Cloudy condensation .................................... C cles in meteorology .................................. Ctinooks in Iowa ....................................... General climatic conditions for 1897 ...................... Aitken, John, views on condensation of vapor ................
Anderson, Dr . W . W., earthquake at Statesburg, S . C ......... Arago, Dominique Frangois Jean, classification of lightning .
Assmann, Dr . Richard, celebration of the semicentennial of the Royal Prussian Meteorological Institute ................
Tension of aqueous vapor ................................
Archibald, Douglas, on kites ................................. Efficiency of windmills ..................................
491
493 493
540 540
541 542 543
543 543 544
545 569
543
544 258 400
164 164
492
352 Banks. Dr . Albert A., lightning strokes ....................... BArcena. Dr . Mariano. contributes Mexican data ... .l. 17.43.61.85.98.
356. 381. 403.425.471.483.519. 538 Bates. W . S., kite used by Sir George Nares (abstract) ........ 312 539 Behrman. Captain. log kept by .............................. 485
Berry. James. climate and crop service . (Sa Table of Contents.)
443
i23.ia9.212.235.259.285.30~. 339.
Barwick. James A., electric storms of California ..............
Besangon. balloon ascension by ..............................
V
vi MO Er
pege Bemon. L., instrument for determining mean wind direction .. 641 Bigelow. Prof . Frank H., observations to determine the state
of the sky alongthe path of the solar eclipse. May 28 1900 39. Standard system of coordinate axes for magnetic and m a teorological observations and computations ............. 20 1: Blythe. W . T., specimens received from ...................... 35:
Bort. Teisserenc de. on dynamic meteorology ................ 49
Brandenburg. Frederick H., report on snowfall in Colorado ... 21( 51
Bravais.Auguste. relative frequency of halo phenomena ...... 30( Brennan. J . F., contributes data ........................ .259. 308. 35(
Bretonnihre. J., wind eddies at Constantine. Algeria .......... 31
Brillouin.tProf . Marcel, winds and clouds .................... 4 3 Atmospheric electricity .................................. 440. 44(
Broadfield. J . M., weather and crops in Georgia .............. 21
Butler . Thomas H .. earlv use of wire in kite flvine., .........
Blake. F . L., cloud obserpations at Toronto ...................
Brandes. Heinrich Wilhelm. theory of the kite ..............
Buisson. electrical experiments by ...........................
< U
Buys.Ballot.lmonument. to .................................
Cailletet. Prof . L., analysisrofLair ............................ Photographic apparatus for measuring the altitude attained by balloons ............................................ Campbell.Hepworth . (&e He worth.) Carpenter. Prof . L . S., Poudre giver studies .................. Evaporation. formula for ................................. Cavallo. Tiberius. electrical experiments with kites .......... Chanute. Octave. prize for monograph on kites ............... Chree. Dr . Charles. hydrodynamic equations for the atmos- phere .................................................
Clayton. Henry Helm. cloud measurements at Blue Hill ...... Claxton. F . F., appointed director Royal Alfred Observatory. Mauritius ............................................ Cline, Dr . Isaac M., freezing weather in the Texas sugar and vegetable regions ...................................... Coe. A . B., chinook. and the signs of its approach ............ Comly. George. hot wave at Willow Springs. Mo .............. Cottier. Joseph. equations of hydrodynamics adapted to prob- lems connected with the movements of the earths at- momhere .............................................
Clancy. N . J., cyclone in Nicaragua ..........................
44 13! 9!
6:
44:
20!
21( 6(
13(
44:
35e 13E
354
521 213
26C
29a .. ..
.... Death of ................................................ 303
Craig, Commander J . E., contributes data ....... .189.235.285.339.381. . 425.471. Cunningham & Co., value of Weather Bureau warnings ....... Curtis. R . H., comparison of Campbell-Stokes and Jordan sun- shine recorders ........................................ Cuthbertson. John. kites used by ............................
519
522
489
60
Dabney. Jr., Dr . Charles W., appointed special agent ......... 63
in India .............................................. 532
206
257
malpais .............................................. 493
313
weather and climate ................................... 1s
352
340
522
Dallas. W . L., preliminary discussion of certain cyclical changes
Dansey, Captain, kite for stranded vessels ................... Dart, Jacob E., report of earthquake in Guadeloupe by ....... Davidson, Prof . George, advantages of station on Mount Ta-
Davis, J . Woodbridge, experiments with kites .............. Davis, Wm . Morris, and ot7wa, prizes for school work on
de Kay, Charles, experiments with electric waves ............ Decker, Horace M., mechanics of the kite .................... Dunovant, William, vahe of Weather Bureau warnings ...... Dunwoody, Col . H . H . C., storm warnings and weather fore- casts . (See Table of Contents.)
Eddy. Wm . A.. experiments with kites ...................... 310. 312
Elmer. A . D., mountain storms ............................. 307
Engelenburg. E., theory of thunderstorms ................... 251 Espy. Prof . James P., kite experiments ...................... 163
Faye. H. theory of cyclones ................................. 305
Fergusson. S . P., early use of wire in kite flying .............. 135
392 Fisher. George. temperature determinations by means of kites 163. 164
56
206 204
398 542
15 303
57
543
Highest kite ascension a t Blue Hill .......................
.Gee. Henry M., meteor near Tombstone. Ariz ................ Glaisher. James. weather map and observations in 1850 ...... Garriott. Prof . Edward B., wind-barometer table .............. Geddes. George. temperature at Fairmount. N . Y ............ Gibbs. G . J., earthquake a t Cockburn Town. Grand Turk. W . I . Glenn. Samuel W., memorable snow storms in South Dakota . Goudy. W . H.,.death of .....................................
Gun. fames. distant cyoud banks .............................
Gowe . H . D., inquir in regard to meteorological cycles ......
1EB mmw . VOL . xxv
Page .
339. 356 381.425.471.483. 519
Hammon. Wm . H., operation of the Mount Tamalpis station for September. 1897 .................................... 397
Report on location and elevation of instruments at Mount
Weather in the citrus regions of California ............... 519
Hand. Prof . E . E., frost formations .......................... 307
Hann. Prof . Julius. retirement of ............................ 303
Hargrave. Lawrence. the cellular kite ........................ 312
Harrington. Prof . Mark Walrod. ex loration of the upper air . 313
Hatch. E . J., maps showing landslije ........................ 307 Hazen. Prof . Henry Allen. areas of high and low pressure ... .1.43.85. 123.189.236.286.339.382.427.473. 522 Forests and rainfall ...................................... 395
Bright meteor ........................................... 484 .
Georgia ............................................... 393
442
445 Measurement of cloud altitudes in mountainous regions .. 447 Hellmann. Gustav. history of the thermometer and barometer 16 16 Rain observations by .................................... 249
Henry. Alfred J., contributes the meteorological tables and cli-
sell. contributes data for Jamaica. W . I ... .235.259.286.W.
Tamalpais. Gal ...................................... 494
Hawkins. Barry C., seismic noises in North Carolina and
Area of heavy rainfall in the southern Appalachians ..... Proposed station on Satulah Mountain. N . C .............
Reprint of early charts by ...............................
Explanation of meteorological tables ..... .20.166.314.357.448. 546
Notes explanatory of the charts ......... .21.166.315.357.449. 547
matology of the month . (See Table of Contents.)
........................... .86. 190.236.286. 383 tion in the United States 13 Climate of Alaska ........................................ 248 Tables prepared b ..................................... 252
544 204 443
248 98
237
lohnstone. Robert. contributes data .......................... 444. 483
309
393
206 (imball. Capt . S . I., communicates data .................. 425.471. 519
(oettgen. Else. optical measurements by .................... 207
57 18
.............
Kenry. Joseph. hurnicfity of the atmosphere during rain ....
Hermite and Besanpon. balloon ascension by ................. erring. A . M., dynamic flight (abstract) .....................
Hepworth. Lt . M . W . Campbell.. aurora australis of April ....
olt. William I., ice and snow on Kennebec River ............
lennings. Thorp B., hailstorm at Topeka. Kans ..............
rordan. Thomas B., sunshine recorder heliograph ............ 485. 486
<ales. John W., thunderstorms in Frankljnville. N . Y ....... Explosive noises at Franklinville. N . Y .................. (erkam. Robert E., kites with rocket signals ................
.amprecht. Guido. abstract from. on periodicities ............ Ande. Dr . Karl. experiments on condensation of gases ......
Havre. Mont ........................... 523
>eve, Charles A., formation of hail .......................... 351. 447
posts to keep records of the weather ................... .yens, Curtis J., contributes data ....... 1.43.85.112.123.180.189.226.
.ing. Charles W., range of temperature at
.ovell. Surgeon General Joseph. ordered surgeons at military 491
235.285.339.370.381.416.425.462.471. 519
dcAdie. Alexander G., whirling a1to.stratus .................. Problem of the kite ...................................... Climate as a controlling factor in long distance transmission of electrical energy .................................... rlcClui-e. Prof . 6 . E., death of ................................ dallet. earthquake studies by ................................ danissadjian. J . J., observations at Merzivan. Turkey ........ dargary. H . W . O., record of thunderstorms at Eustis. Fla ..... daring, Delos T., improved sunshine recorder ................ darvin. Prof . Charles Frederick. mechanics and equilibrium of kites ............................................... Table for conversion of indicated wind velocities into true velocities .............................................. dascart. names of halo phenomena .......................... dason. Frank H., Physical-Technical Institute a t Charlotten- burg. Berlin .......................................... dasterman. Stillman. rain gushes in thunderstorms .......... daynard. account of hailstorm in New York. N . Y .......... deigs. Joseph. requested monthly meteorological records from registers of the land office ............................. Sercer. C . F., value of Weather Bureau warnings ............ dills. J . N., experiments on congelation of orange juice ...... doore. C . R., changes in climate at Birdsnest, Va ............. doore. H . H., record of thunderstorms by .................... Ioore. Prof . Willis L., circular in commendation of Weather Bureau officials in the yellow fever district ............. Station on Mount Tamalpais .............................
245 246
439
303 309 245
251
485
136
256 305
354 304
399
491
522 521
212 252
445 494
VOL . xxv . MONTHLY. WEATHER REVIEW . vii
Morle . Prof . Edward Williams. report of earthquake at Cleve- knd. Ohio ............................................ Seismograph a t Adelbert College ......................... Morrill. Park. river and flood service . (See Table of Contents.) Reduction of the temperatures and pressures for 1897 ..... Morton. Hon . J . Sterling. establishment of stations ........... Miintz. A., collection of specimens of air ..................... Musschenbroek. Peter van. theory of the kite ................ Myers. Carl. kite experiments ...............................
Nicollet. J . N., account of Franklin Kite Club ................ Niles. W . H., and others. prizes for school work on weather and climate ...............................................
Pague. Bemer S., seasonal forecasts for Oregon ............... Death of W . H . Goudy .................................. Death of Prof . S . E . McClure ............................ Pearson. P . A.. hot wind in Kansas .......................... Pelton. Captain. waterspouts observed by .................... Pernter. Prof . J., study of rainbows .......................... Peterson. Charles W., tornado in Minnesota .................. Phillips. W . F . R., clothing and temperature ................. Recent ublications ...................................... Pickering. hrof . Edward C., director Harvard College Observ- atory. annual report ................................... Pockels. Prof . F., lightning and magnetic rocks (abstract) .... Proctor. Frank W., wind nomenclature ...................... Pyrah. John. early use of wire in kite flying ..................
Ransom. Moses Y., description of Terra del Fuego ............ Renoe. Milton G., death of .................................. Rice. 0 . F., movement of winds and clouds .................. Richards. G . W., observations on cirrus clouds and storms .... Richardson. Edgar. rain gushes in thunderstorms ............ Rid way. Jr., Joseph. forwards report of Captain Rusch ...... Surricanes in the West Indies ........................... Rinne. Prof . F . structure of hailstones ...................... Romas. de on the kite ....................................... Root. J . d., description of hailstorm ......................... Rotch. A . Lawrence. cloud observations and measurements at the Blue Hill meteorological observatory. Milton. Mass . Rowell. Dr . W., account of hailstorm in New York City by ... Rusch. Captain. hurricane of September 6 ...................
Scherer. Dr . P . J., report of earthquake ...................... Schipps. Rev . K., observation of halo phenomena ............ Schneider. C . F., tornado at Omer. Mich ..................... Scoresby. Jr., Capt . Wm., meteorological notes by-stationary clouds on mountain tops-gales with rising barometer . .
Page .
258 448
572 494 62
59 310
163
18
161 303 303
260
207 305
236 200
538
540 352 54
135
493 484 253
21 2 303 394
447 352 58
399
12
399
394
310 295
190
62
Page . Simonton. n r . A . C., importance of reporting fog ............. 249 Temperature of the air: at what point its determination is most important ....................................... 306
Smith. Herman W., recent publications ..... .134.199.245.294.348.393. 444. 483
Smith. Jr., John F., corrects newspaper reports ............... 307 Smith. W . M., note on lightning by .......................... 250
99
99 Struble. Joseph H., mountain storms in Pennsylvania ........ 212 Stupart. Prof . R . F., contributes data ....... .l. 43.85.123.189.235.285.
339.381.425.471. 519 Ice in Canada ................................... .4.46.89.126. 525
Snow in Canada ...................... .4.46.89.126.192.431.476. 525 Stupart. Prof . R . F., precipitation in Canada ......... .46.192.287.341.
385.430.475. 525 Opening of navigation in Canada ........................ 63 TemDerature in Canada ...... .87.124.197.287.340.384.429.47 5.524
Springer. Ralph. meteorological records by ................... Springer. W . R., meteorological records by ...................
....... Cloua observations published by ......................... Swaim, James. kite experiments .............................
Taylor. Nathaniel R., highs and lows ........................ Tennant. John. stereoscopic study of clouds .................. Torrey. D., resolution proposed by ............................ Tower. Fred A., method of deducing resultant winds ........ Trowbridge. Prof . John. Roentgen rays ......................
Valerio. Alexander M., frost formations ...................... Volker. Hermann. frost formation ..........................
Walcott. Charles Doolittle. hysical atlas of the United States . Walsh. N . C., origin of St . Eouis tornado ..................... Ward. Robert DeC., winter barograph curve from the South Pacific Ocean ........................................ Ward. R . DeC., and others. prizes for school work on weather and climate ........................................... Webster. Wm., early use of wire in kite flying ................ Wiesner. J., memoir on size of raindrops ..................... Willan. A., use of wire in kite flying ........................ Williams. Henry E . (See Table of Contents . Wilson. Hon . James. announcement by the decretary of Agri- culture .............................................. Woodward. Prof . S . M.. meteor near Tombstone. Ariz ........
Young. Dr . Thomas. theory of the kite ...................... Fisher's kite experiments ..............................
'303
165
360
98
313 400
348
213 401
542
308
484
18 135
446 135
63
57
59
163
Zahm. Prof . A . F., air currents .............................. 310
Zendejas. Jos6. communicates Mexican data ... .17.61.98.212.259.308.
356.403.483. 538