1153 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. Jm,loej.
WEATHER OF NORTH AMERICA AND ADJACENT OCEANS.
gs/- 5 u b (z.6 1- '1
NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN.
By F. A. Yon~o.
T much
somewhat below the normal on the 8 mks of Nemfound-
taking the ocean as a whole, the mont a under disc.ussion
The average pressure for the month was ve hi her than usual at land stations in the Britis Isles, w h e on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States, as well as in the West Indies, the Bermudas, and Azores, it was not far from the normal. The number of days on which fo was observed was
land and above in the waters adjacent to the west coast of Ireland, while it was comparatively rare over the middle section of the steamer lanes. June is ordinarily characterized by uiet weather, and,
was no exception to the general rule, although in the t.wo 5-depee squares between latitudes 40" and 45" sild
lonptudes 40" to 50" gales were reported on three days, whwh is considerably above the normal for that region. They were also observed on two days in the northwestern section of the Gulf of Mexico, due to the tropical disturb- ance that occurred in the last decade of the inon th, which will be referred to later. From the 1st to the 5th moderate weather was the rule over practically the entire ocean, with fog over the Grand Banks on the 1st and 2d and in the vicinity of the British Isles on the 3d and 4th. The observer of the British S. S. War Mehtur stated that on the Ist, while oil the southeast coast of Florida, escevsive refraction was observed in the strongest part of the Gulf Stream, tem- perature of the air SO F., water 79" F. On the 6th there was a well-developed LOW of liniit,ed extent, central near latitude 39" N., longitude iiSo W. It moved slowly eastward during the nest 24 hours,
, gradual1 decreasing in intensity. Storm logs follow: Britisg S. S. Britt.& Beacow
Gale began on the 5th, wind NNE.; lowest baronieter 29.79 inrhea at 8 p. m. on the 6th: wind NE., 9; position,, latitude 39" 63' N., longitude 61' 3Ly W. End of gale on the 7th. Highest force of ,vind 10, NE. Steady from NE.
American S. S. Huff ie Liickenhac?x
Gale began on the 6th, wid P.: lowest barometer 29.52 inches at 5 a. m. on the 7th; wind SSW.; poait.ion, latitude 40' 50' N., longitude 50' 40' W. End at noon on the 7th, wind NNW. Highest force 5, Shih SW.-NW. in sudden squalls.
On the 8th the British S. S. Gait?/tnore esperienced a westerly gale, as shown by the following storm log:
Gale be,- on the Sth, wind S\V.; lowest barometer 29.57 inches at 1 a. m. on the 8th; wind Sly., 7: position, latitude 5jo 50' N., longi- tude 57'. 19/ W. End on the Sth, wind N. Highest force of wind 8,
gales were encountered off the west coast of ScotlanJ and one storm log was received from a vessel in the western part of the steamer lanes, although moderate weather seemed to be the rule over the greater part of that region.
. British S. S. Lezington:
SW.; shlfta, SW.-W.-KW. -N.
On the 9th wester1
Storm logs follow:
Gale began on the 9th, wind SW.; lowest barometer 39.71 inches at noon on the 9th: wind W., 9, at Greenock, Scotland. End on the 10th. Higheat force of wind, 11; steady from west.
American S. S. Asquam:
Gale began on the gth, wind ENE.; lowest barometer 30.07 inches et 8 p. m. on the 9th; wind ENE.. 9; position, latitude 40' 10' N., longitude 63' W. End on the loth, wmd ENE. Highest force of wind Q, ENE. Steady from ENE.
On the 12th there was a disturbance central in the vicinity of the coast of Nova Scotia, moderate gales
being reported in the easterly and southerly quadrants. Storm log follows :
Dutch S. S. Westerdijk:
Gale began on the 12th, wind SW.; lowest barometer 29.67 inches a t 7 p. m. on the 12th; wind WSW., 6; poeition, latitude 40' 26/ N., longitude 65' 40' W. End on the 12th, wind WSW. Highest force 8,
wsw.; Shifta wsw.-NW.
On the 14th a few vessels in the western section of the ocean recorded gales, although moderate weather pre- vailed for the most part. On the 17th two vessels about 200 miles west of Swan Island re orted easterly gales, although no storm logs
The daily weather map for the 17th shows a slight depression in the southern part of the Gulf of Mexico, that afterwards develo ed into a severe tropical dis- turbance, as shown on d a r t s IX, X and XI for June 20, 21, and 22 respectively. According to ress reports this storm caused a great
being sunk, and a lar e number of other casualties also
reported. The New Qork Maritime Register of July 6, ublished a very interesting account, taken from the 8alveston News, of the esperience of the h e r i c a n tanker WiUiam H. Doheny, Ca t. Locke, dun
the afternoon of the 2lst, sky overcast and wind moderate. About 10 p. m. on the 21st received a radio stating that there was a storm 08 the Rio Grande moving in a north- westerly direction. Barometer read 29.80 inches at that time and falling slowly, wind force 5 (direction not given). Everything was made ready for rough weather, and by midnight, when about 70 miles off Galveston, wind rose to force of S, with heavy squalls and down our of rain. The violence of the weather increased, and E y 4 a. m. on the 22d it was raining so hard that it was impossible to see niore than a ship's length, the force of the wind being 10. B 5 3 5 a. m. the force had increased to 11 or 12
time the propellor dropped off, leaving the ship to the mercy of the seas. The stream anchor was put out for- ward in 25 fathoms of water and the head of the ship brou lit into the wind. At 8 a. M. on the 22d the sea
danger of the anchor chains parting. The rain still fell in torrents, and it was im ossible to see more than a ship's length ahead, while t K e vessel was drifting toward the beach helpless. Suddenly, at about 10 a. m., the wind decreased in force, showing that the center of the hurri- cane was near, the barometer reading 28.93 inches. The vessel was in 10 fathoms of water with the wind shiftin from east to west, and a rising barometer. It was a dea calm, the smoke frpm the stack rising strabht u into the sk with now and then an irregular wave, wkle tEe air was fiAd with thousands of birds and insects caught in the whirl and unable to fight their way outside. The calm lasted only a short time, as by 10:20 the wind began to blow from the west, steadily increasing until it reached a
force of 11. As it fortunately came from the west it blew the vessel off shore, saving her from bein beached, as she undoubtedly would have been if she ha d not been in the direct center of the hurricane. Gradually the wind decreased, and at 7 p. m. the ship anchored in 17 fathoms
were ren K ered.
deal of damage a 9 ong the Texas coast, at least six vessels
TthiS This vessel left Galveston P or Tampico in allast on
from t t e ENE., with tremendous seas. Just at that
was 7 ar too heavy to anchor, as thore would have been
5
JUNE, 1921. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. am
of water off Caval10 Pass; latitude 28' 10' N., lon 'tude
ton the next morning. Storm reports from other vessels 95' 56' W., where she remained until towed into 8 alves-
follow: Bmerican S. S. Alabama:
On the 20th, moderate to whole gale, rough =a, overcast and rain; veeael hove to. On the 21st moderate gale to freuh breeze, overcast and rain: hove to from 1 a. m. to 9 p. m. Position, 7 a. m., Bth, latitude 23' N., lon 'tude 94' 40' W.; 7 p. m., 21st, latitude 23' 10' N., longitude 94' 15' #
American S. S. Waahachie:
At 1 . m., G. M. T., 33d. hurricane central near latitude 39' N., longituae 94' W. Higheat force of wind 11, SE. LowRst barometer 29.60 inches.
On the 19th and 20th souther1 gales prevailed over a
limited area between the 35th an845th parallels, and the 40th and 50th meridians. British S. S. Stratheam:
Gale began on the 19th. wind SSE.; lowest barometer 29.68 inch? at noon on the 19th. wind SSE., S; position, latitude 43'. 04' N.. longi- tude 43' 41' W. End of gale OJI the 19th, wind S. Highest force of
Storm logs follow:
Wind 8, WE.: shifb SSE.-SSW.-SW.4.
American S. S. Editor:
on the 19th; lowest barometer 29.79 inches at noon on the 202?&%., 8; position. latitude 44' 30' N., longitude 40' 45' W. End of gale on the %t, wind WNTW. Highest force of wind 8. S.;
The observer on board the British S. S. War Mehtar states that at noon on the 22d, while at latitude 41' 35' N., longitude 30' 51' W., passed through tide rip extend- in a north and south direction. Foam on outer
arallels
Shifts S.-sW.-wsw.-wNW.
erature of air 76' F., water 69.5' F. moderate northerly gales were encountered over a small area between the 40th and 45th and the 40th and 50th meridians. Storm log fol P ows: British S. S. Aspinet:
Gale began on the SZd, wind SSE.; lowest barometer 29.73 inches at 1 a. m. on the 23d, wind N., 5; pohon, latitude 42O 38' N., longitude
1 4 O 26/ W. End ?f gale on the 33d, wind NNW. Higheat force 8, NNW.; shifts not even.
On the 24th and 25th moderate weather was general over the entire ocean, while on the 26th the conditions were similar, except that one vessel re orted a moderate
gale, as shown by the following storm P og: American S. S. Steelmaker:
Gale began on the 25th, wind SAW.; loweat barometer 29.90 inches at 7 p. m. on the 26th. wind SSW.; pition, latitude 39O 51' N .. longi- tude 49' W. End at 8:50 p. m. on the 30th. wind NW.: highest force Y; shifts SSW.-NW.
During the remainder of the month only light to mod- erate winds were re rted over the entire ocean.
states that at 5:45 . m. on the 28th, position, latitude
rip extending to NNW. and SSE. horizons in a straight line. The observer on board the British S. S. A d h n reports that on the night of the 14th, latitude52O 21' N., longitude 6' W., he saw uite distinctly the flashing light on B d s e y Island, dales; bearing 60' true, dis- tance 55 miles.
The observer on g. oard the American S. S. Steelmaker
40' 04' N., longitu B e 60' 38' W., o b m e d marked tide
By F. G . TINQLEY.
At Dutch Harbor pressure was below normal by some 0.30 inch during the h t decade, above normal b about
0.12 inch during the second decade, and below <y 0.36
61652-214
inch during the last decade. At Honolulu it was below normal by 0.04 inch duri the first and second d e d e ' and approximately normfin the last. At Midway b land it was below normal for the periods 1-5 end 18.17
by about 0.08 inch in each instance, and above nond on other days, the average plus departure being 'some
0.06 inch. As will be seen these pressure1departures)indicate al-
most a normal degree of atmospheric fluctuation for June and offer ver little in the way of explanation for the
toward the end of the month. So far as known no typhoons occurred during the month, although it is possible that the one which struck
Manila on July 5 may have been in existence at the end of June. At the beginnin of the month a moderate depreseion was central neq t E e Bonin Islands. During the 2d and 3d it moved slowly north-northeastward and developed somewhat, causin northerly to easterly gales to the east
of Bering Sea on the 5th. The American four-masted bark, Moshulu, Capt. F. 0. Parker, Manila for San Francisco, encountered this gale
on the 3d in latitude 39' 04' N., longitude 155' 25 E. The wind set in from ESE. and backed to NE.; highemt force 10; barometer at noon of 3d, 29.37 inches. The Nosh& lost her fore lower topsail, mizzen upper topeail, and jib in this gale.' This depression was followed by another of moderate character which caused a fresh easterly gale in the Yellow Sea on the 4th. The latter depression does not appear to have develo ed.
On the 5th &ere were evidences of a large but rather shallow depression between Dutch Harbor and Midway Island. By the following day it had developed same-
low as 29.16 inches in the southern part of the %z
what to the northeastward with barometer re
Alaska accompanied by a fresh SE. gale. This deprea- sion moved ve slowly and still covered the same watere
the British Columbian coast, in advance of the rising
pressure in the re 'on of the Aleutians. The Japanese 8 S. Sum Mum, Capt. M. Machida, Yokohama (May 28) for Seattle, had this gale from the 6th to 8th. Second Officer and Observer, S. Mitomi, fur- nishes the following report:
Gale began on the 6th, wind SW.; lowest barometer, 29.16 inchm at 0 a. m., same date, in latitude 51' 55/ N., longitude 145' 30' w.; end of gale on the Sth, wind SE.; high& force, 9, SE.
Prior to the passing of this depreasion the North Pacilia anticyclone had not attained the normal development for June. Its crest during this month is located in about latitude 37' N., longitude 147' W., with a mntral isobar of 30.25 inches. Up to the 13th, there was only a weak anticyclone between the Hawaiian Islands and the Lower California Peninsula. With the passing of the depression 'ust referred to, however, this area was rein- forced by the rising pressure over the Aleutians, thereby causing the center to shift to the northwestward to about the U E U ~ position, where it remained to the end of the
month. During the last half of the month two moderate deprea- sions moved slowly across the northern art of the oman.
Japan on the 15th, whence it moved northeastward to the region of the Aleutians by the 21st.
heat wave w H 'ch broke upon several continental are=
of the Japanese Is 5 ands. It disappeared in the direction
on the 12th. 3 n the 13th, however, it moved inland on
The fist of these was in evidence to t% e southward of
1 Further particulars rwrding the report of this vesd will be found on page 8ML