%ris, Jan, 16, 1930,

I&, Bpgleget has requested a statement giviag the outlilpsa of

the problem of reeident fellwehips in Euroge and in other subjects

than the medical sciences,

In tha sane aonneation, Dr. Pearce ha8

mitten that tha leading quertion basring won a residant fell-

ship program, which AG propose4 for Gamruly. is vhsthar tha Paria

offim wishes to reeonanend e residant fellowship program for Europe.

It is elear from TBA*s letter that Xes York wishes ua to give our

opinion on the advisability of residmt felloV8hipB in Europe aa a

possible part of the prograam of the RF.

ia =ant by a residant felloaship program?  I take it that

thie term means the possibility of &sing, with the approvaZ of Her

York in each inst&noa, a number of arrulgamsnts between the Bp and a

professor or researcher of exceptional abLli*y and hportanae (and

with the knowledge and permission of the Mlnistry of hblie Instruction)

by which the RF ncfuld pramhe Sid over a 7-10 pard period, not to
exceed $5,000 annually, and often less than this amoMt, to bQ spent

in stipend8 md scientific nral;eria;l for yatngar rmsn of the  rrcsm~ corn-

try, aelected by the professor & approved by the RFA

   I do mt believe a decision oan be taken without re-elcamixmtian of

               It would tagpear that the RF' bas a Choice bet-

the more general policy.

ween two general oEllll:sea of mtiQn:

smdies and practicee of our own staff working on specific problems in

fhrtheriag knovledge through the

different countries (e.g. yellow fever, malaria, etc.)  or aid to

individuds outside the Foundation's personnel who, by their posi-

tions, talents and interests seem best qualified themselves to ad-

vance howledge in their respective fields. In case the RE' favours

the idea of an operative organization, the major decisions would be

taken in New York, and the Paris offlca would naturally beceme an

administrative organization only. In case the other policy is aocep

ted of selecting individual& wLoS we hope, will be able to advance

knowledge by means of our help,  the Paris offiae mat be prepared to

attach importanca to the opinion of those through whom it hopes to

work. It must be prepared also to ask from New York for more freedom

and, with it, mora responsibility in recomendation of ways of finding

and siding the mod valuable individuals.  I must bear witneas to the

fact that in the minds of all the professors and scientiata in Europe

with whom I have discuased the matter, the recruitment of scientific

personnel is at once the most important and the most neglectad phrbe

in the maintenance and developmant of the mdical sciences. !this api-

nion ia of importance if it ia the policy of the RF to advance knowledge

through individuaPs outside its own personnel.

-

The ultimate question ia not whether resident fellowships are

useful or not. I take it as certain that 80 clear-oat a contribution to

the number and quality of scientific workera ie desirable, both directly

and, also, indirectly in that it enlarges the number of candidates from

which future leaders can be selected, and the likelihood of finding ark-

inal minds,

exclude any contributions to resident fellowships in the belief that aid

for buildings, equipment, literature, aupport of eatablished advanced

workers and foreign fellowships, meets adequately the major needs of

science in Europe,

The ultimate question is whether the RF policy can wiaely

Resident fellowships in the medical sciences, or their equivalent,

have given satisfaction in Italy, France, Ireland and Germany. Their

continuance is requested eagerly in the same countries; the better the

investigator - the more hgortance he attaches to this type of aid, In

countries where we ham no resident fellOW8hipS or their equivalent,  it

irr quaationable whether foreign fellowships are not being requested for

man who could derive greebs benefit at home and at much less expenes.

Resident fellowaships constitute the means best adwted to those Buropean

countries which possess 6 few exceptional investigators, but no oppor

tunities for maintaining places for younger workers,

cess I shoul& consider Jwoalavia, Bulgaria, the Baltic countries, Ice-

land and probably FkWd and Raumrnia,    cuuntries in which at the pres-

ent time no algumant could be advenced for resident fellowshipa. Selection

made with extrema caution muld, however, vary greatly educe the apparent-

ly large field in the rest of Europe where resident fellcm6hip8 would be

applicable. The most effective easily purchaaable instrument for the ad-

vsncemsnt of knowledge is the abundant supply snd auetained activity of

promiaing younger scientists.

In the medical mien=

The defects or disadvantages of a resident fellowship program &re

principally that, if it ia to be effective, it must be a long term operap

tion in force for 7-10 pars, It also 8eems difficult at the present time

to provide far tarzAnation of such aid except by ae death or retirement

of the chief of the institute involved. I wuld, however, suggest that the

adoption of a reasonably long period of cooperation wwld make it for the

first time possible to have an absolute and clear understanding that the

term of assistance is nox+renewsble, whereas at present, with the 3-5 year

clause, such ~vr understanding would destroy the effectiveness of m&y such

8 id,

I should consider any soience, in any countw, to be in a satisfac-

tory condition, when

1) %en of superior intelligence, well provided with facilities for work,

devote their time intensively to scienoe and are well enough recompensed

to live decmtly and sdueate their children;

2) Young men, witbut other resoureas than superior intelligence, are a'ble
to prepare themselves for the desireble posts imRlied in Paragraph 11,

in lwge enough numbars 80 that a true  selection can be made for the best

posta, end the mbortlin&te positions can be conn;petently filled;

3)  The science in question ia itself undergo- a real development,  thus

offering an intellectual interest and/or value to sociaty.

I should advocate recognition of the principle of resident fellow-

ships because of the imgortance of Paragraph 21, and the marked inadequacy

under otherwise favourable circumstances of place8 permitting the training

and selection of yower scientists in Europe,