Board of Contract Appeals
                 General Services Administration
                      Washington, D.C. 20405

                      _____________________

                         August 12, 2003
                      _____________________

                         GSBCA 16110-RELO

                 In the Matter of GREGORY J. BIRD

     Gregory J. Bird, Naples, Italy, Claimant.

     Sharon Y. Alsop, Director, Human Resources Office, United States Naval Support
Activity, Naples, Italy, appearing for Department of the Navy.

NEILL, Board Judge.

     Claimant, Mr. Gregory J. Bird, is a civilian employee of the United States Navy.  He 
disagrees with his agency's calculation of a portion of the foreign transfer allowance (FTA)
to which the agency said he was entitled on the occasion of his transfer from Bath, Maine,
to Naples, Italy.  For the reasons explained below, we conclude that the agency's calculation
is correct.    

                            Background

     The FTA is paid pursuant to implementing regulations issued by the Secretary of State
and set out in the Department of State Standardized Regulations (DSSR).  The DSSR define
the FTA as:

     an allowance under 5 U.S.C. 5924(2)(A) for extraordinary, necessary and
     reasonable expenses, not otherwise compensated for, incurred by an employee
     incident to establishing him or herself at any post of assignment in a foreign
     area, including costs incurred in the United States . . . prior to departure for
     such post.

DSSR   241.1.a.

     One of the components of the FTA is the "predeparture subsistence expense portion." 
This is applicable to lodging, meals (including tips), laundry, cleaning and pressing expenses
incurred by an employee and each member of the employee's family while they are living
in temporary quarters.  Section 241.2.c of the DSSR expressly states that this portion of the
allowance is available "for up to 10 days before final departure from a post in the United
States to a post in a foreign area . . . ."  The DSSR further provide: "The amount of
predeparture subsistence expense granted to an employee for expenses in departing a post
in the United States for a post in a foreign area shall be determined according to the
maximum per diem rate for the U.S. locality from which transferred . . . ."  Id.   242.3. 
Finally, the "ten days" referred to in the DSSR may be spent anywhere in the United States
"as long as [the] employee or family members have not begun travel on orders and final
departure is from the U.S. post of assignment."  Id.   242.3.c.    

     Claimant's problem in this case stems from the fact that, at the time of his transfer to
Naples, he and his family did not live in the immediate vicinity of his permanent duty station
(PDS) in Bath, Maine.  Instead, their residence was located in Westbrook, Maine, a town
near the city of Portland, Maine, and approximately forty miles or forty-five minutes by car
from Bath.  When Mr. Bird submitted his claim for FTA, he based his claim for the
predeparture subsistence expense portion of the allowance upon the maximum per diem rate
for the locality where his actual residence was located, i.e., Westbrook, rather than on the
locality from which he was transferred, i.e., his PDS at Bath.  The difference in the two per
diem rates is significant.  At the time of Mr. Bird's transfer, the per diem rate for Bath was
$95 while that for Westbrook was $157.  

     Based upon the applicable provision of the DSSR, the agency insists that the
predeparture subsistence portion of the FTA must be tied to the per diem rate in effect at Mr.
Bird's duty station at Bath.  Mr. Bird, instead, contends that the per diem rate in effect in the
Westbrook area should be used.

                            Discussion

     The DSSR provide no support for Mr. Bird's request that his agency tie the
predeparture subsistence portion of his FTA to the per diem rate applicable to the area of his
residence in Westbrook.  As already noted, the DSSR expressly state that the per diem rate
to be used shall be determined according to the maximum per diem rate for the U.S. locality
from which the employee is transferred.  The claimant's travel authorization indicates that
he was transferred from Bath, Maine, to Naples, Italy.  Although Westbrook may be within
convenient commuting distance of the Mr. Bird's PDS at Bath, it can hardly be considered
to be in the Bath locality.  Indeed, the existence of a separate per diem rate for the
Westbrook area only serves to confirm that Westbrook and Bath are not in the same locality. 

     Mr. Bird contends that he carefully reviewed the information on the FTA which was
provided to him by his Human Resources Office.  He further explains that he also reviewed 
information which he accessed on various Department of Defense (DoD) websites identified
to him by the Human Resources Office as sources of guidance on permanent change of
station benefits.  Both Mr. Bird and his commanding officer contend that these various
information sources are far from clear on whether the FTA is tied to the per diem rate for the
transferred employee's PDS or his actual residence.  The record contains some printouts and
copies of guidance offered to DoD employees regarding the subsistence portion of the FTA. 
They confirm this alleged lack of clarity.   

     The agency suggests that the source of the claimant's confusion may lie in the fact that
in calculating the subsistence expense portion of the FTA for a newly appointed employee
who is not transferred from a prior PDS, the applicable per diem rate is that which applies
to the locality of the new employee's actual residence.  According to the agency, therefore,
the various references in some of its published guidance on the FTA to the use of either the
actual residence per diem rate or the PDS per diem rate should not be understood as offering
a choice of one or the other in calculating the subsistence portion of the FTA.  Rather, the
reference to the actual residence per diem rate should be understood as applicable only to a
new appointee while reference to the PDS per diem should be understood as applicable to
a transferred employee.  

     Given this explanation from the agency, we find the claimant's confusion readily
understandable.  Nevertheless, the unfortunate lack of clarity in DoD's guidance on this
aspect of the FTA does nothing to change the plain meaning of the applicable guidance set
out in the DSSR.  It is, of course, to those regulations that we must look to settle this case. 
The President has delegated to the Secretary of State the authority to issue regulations which
implement statutes providing for overseas pay differentials and allowances.  Okyon Kim
Ybarra, GSBCA 15407-RELO, 01-1 BCA   31,334.  The FTA is clearly one of these
allowances.  Further, DoD's own travel regulation, the Joint Travel Regulations (JTR) (to
which Mr. Bird is subject as a civilian employee of the Department) recognizes that, on
matters regarding the FTA, it is the DSSR which control.  JTR C1004; see generally Lena
E. Hagedorn, GSBCA 15948-TRAV (Apr. 30, 2003).  

     The import of the applicable DSSR provision on the per diem rate to be used is only
made clearer when one reads the related provision regarding where the ten days prior to
departure may be spent.  These days may be passed anywhere in the United States, provided
the employee or family members have not begun travel on orders and final departure is from
the employee's PDS.  In other words, regardless of where the employee or his family may be
during the final ten-day period, the intent of the regulation remains clear.  The subsistence
allowance portion of the FTA remains tied to the per diem rate of the locality of the
employee's PDS. 

     Finally, we note that the  definition of PDS in Appendix A of the JTR recognizes, in
certain instances, that PDS can signify the employee's residence or other quarters from and
to which the employee regularly commutes to and from work.  Unfortunately for Mr. Bird,
this provision is of no use to him in this particular situation.  First, and most importantly, we
find no similar provision in the DSSR, the controlling regulations, which might justify a
broader reading of the corresponding term in that set of regulations, namely, "post of
assignment."  Secondly, the JTR definition itself applies this meaning to the term "PDS" only
with respect to authorizations within the JTR relating to residence and household
goods/personal effects.  Consequently, it is not used even in the JTR in this broader sense
with respect to authorizations dealing with the reimbursement of subsistence expenses.    

     The agency has acted correctly, therefore, in refusing to pay an FTA subsistence
allowance in excess of the per diem rate in effect in the locality of Bath, Maine, at the time
of Mr. Bird's transfer.  The applicable DSSR provision effectively settles this matter
regardless of any equitable considerations which might otherwise favor payment of his
claim.   The Government may not authorize the payment of money in violation of statute or
regulation.  Kevin S. Foster, GSBCA 13639-RELO, 97-1 BCA   28,688 (1996) (citing
Office of Personnel Management v. Richmond, 496 U.S. 414 (1990); Federal Crop
Insurance Corp. v. Merrill, 332 U.S. 380 (1947)).  Payment, in the absence of proper
authorization, cannot be justified solely by the fact that a claimant may have relied in good
faith and to his or her detriment on the incorrect advice of an agency official or publication. 
While it may seem grossly unfair that a claimant cannot be paid under these or similar
circumstances, it must be recognized that the overriding concern in such cases is the
protection of the taxpayers' interest in not having unlawful disbursements made from public
funds.  See  Barry McGuire, GSBCA 15346-RELO, 01-1 BCA   31,343; Gary Macleay,
GSBCA 15394-RELO, 01-1 BCA   31,210; Patricia A. Tobin, GSBCA 14483-RELO, 98-1
BCA   29,663.
    
                             Decision

     Mr. Bird's claim is denied. 

                                        __________________________
                                        EDWIN B. NEILL
                                        Board Judge