TITLE: 1997 Research Portfolio (Interim).
SUBJECT: Program Evaluations                 
Series: NIJ Research in Brief
Published: November 1997
93 pages
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National Institute of Justice
Research in Brief
Jeremy Travis, Director
November 1997

1997 Research Portfolio (Interim)

This Research in Brief presents ongoing research,
evaluation, and program development projects supported by
the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) through June 30, 1997. 

A complete listing of awards through fiscal year 1997 is
forthcoming. 

Each project in this portfolio is part of NIJ's overall strategic
plan to respond to the Nation's critical criminal justice
concerns. Included are grants, interagency and cooperative
agreements, contracts, and fellowships, including awards
supported by the Violent Crime Control and Law
Enforcement Act of 1994 (the Crime Act) and work
conducted in partnership with the U.S. Department of
Defense. 

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NIJ's Research and Evaluation Solicitations

The Institute's approach to research is described in the NIJ
Prospectus, Building Knowledge About Crime and Justice,
and an open solicitation invites investigator-initiated
proposals in broadly defined areas of research. The Institute
also issues separate, focused solicitations for research on
specific issues and programs, including those emphasized
by the 1994 Crime Act: community policing, sentencing and
correctional programs, violence against women, and drug
courts. 

-----------------------------------------------------------

Organization of the Portfolio

The portfolio is organized into four main topic areas:
Criminal Behavior, Crime Control and Prevention, 
Criminal Justice System, and Technology Research and
Development. Subtopics include the following types of
research activities:

o Extramural research--awards in the form of grants,    
interagency agreements, cooperative agreements, and    
fellowships made to organizations and researchers not    
affiliated with NIJ.

o Intramural research--projects conducted by NIJ staff.

o Research Applications Contract Projects--projects that    
focus on the dissemination of critical research findings and    
important innovations in criminal justice practices. 

Within each subtopic, the projects are listed alphabetically
by title.

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For Further Information

For information about NIJ programs, publications, or final
reports, contact the National Criminal Justice Reference
Service (NCJRS) at (301) 519-5500 or (800) 851-3420.

For online access to this Portfolio, connect to NIJ's World
Wide Web page at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij
or the Justice Information Center at http://www.ncjrs.org. 

For information regarding the 1994 Crime Act, contact the
Department of Justice Response Center at (800) 421-6770,
or see Criminal Justice Research under the Crime Act--1995
to 1996 (NCJ 166142).

-------------------------------------------------------

CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR

o Extramural Research

Alcohol Problems and Violence Against Women
University of Northern Iowa
William R. Downs
96-WT-NX-0005
This study is describing the relationship between alcohol
abuse and domestic violence among two at-risk populations--women in alcohol treatment programs and women receiving
services as victims of domestic violence.

Breaking the Cycle
University of Alabama--Birmingham
L. Foster Cook
96-IJ-CX-0065
This award supports a demonstration project that tests
hypotheses about the linkages between drugs and crime by
combining drug treatment with criminal justice sanctions and
incentives. 

Brooklyn Domestic Violence Experiment
Victim Services, Inc.
Robert Davis
94-IJ-CX-0047
This award supports an experimental evaluation of a
batterers' treatment program in Brooklyn, New York, to
determine rates of new violence. 

Changing Patterns of Homicide and Social Policy in Three 
American Cities
North Carolina State University
Margaret Zahn
95-IJ-CX-0115
This research documents changes in the types and numbers
of homicides across time in three American cities to
determine neighborhood correlates of homicide victimization
and offending.

Childhood Victimization and Adult Violence: Using Multiple
Measures to Better Estimate Offending
State University of New York--Albany, Research Foundation
Cathy Spatz Widom
93-IJ-CX-0031
This award, which extends funding for research on
childhood victimization and adult violence, focuses on the
use of multiple measures to better 
estimate offending.

COMBAT (Community-Backed Anti-Drug Tax) Program
Evaluation
Abt Associates Inc.
Dana Hunt
96-IJ-CX-0091
This evaluation collects data about COMBAT and analyzes
the cost-effectiveness of a wide variety of programs to
enforce drug laws, prosecute and punish offenders, prevent
drug use and associated crime, and treat drug users.

Comparing Adult and Juvenile Homicides in Los Angeles
University of Southern California
Cheryl Maxson
97-IJ-CX-0018
This project, part of a series of homicide studies, expands to
adult homicides an extensive data collection currently under
way on juvenile homicides in Los Angeles to develop
recommendations for improved criminal justice and
community responses. 

Computerization and Validation of an Inventory to Assess
Adult and Juvenile Sex Offenders
Brandeis University
Raymond Knight
94-IJ-CX-0049
This project continues the development of diagnostic
instruments and offender typologies, including the
Multidimensional Assessment of Sex and Aggression, for
both adult and juvenile offenders.

Correlates of Specialization and Escalation in Criminal
Careers
Pennsylvania State University, 
Office of Sponsored Programs
Chester Britt
97-IJ-CX-0020
This project is investigating factors that might predict the
likelihood that offenders will specialize in a crime type or
escalate to more serious forms of crime over the course of
their criminal career. 

Cost Analysis of Day Reporting Centers
Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
Amy Craddock
97-IJ-CX-0006
This analysis is examining whether the benefits of providing
day reporting centers exceed the costs and assessing how
to increase program efficiency. 

Delinquent Networks in Philadelphia: Policing Gangs
Temple University
Joan McCord
92-IJ-CX-K008
This project focuses on gang structures, delinquent
networks, gang interaction patterns, the ways in which gang
structures affect individual involvement in criminal activities,
and the criminal justice system's response to these
activities.

Developmental Antecedents of Sexual Aggression
Joseph J. Peters Institute
Robert Prentky
94-IJ-CX-0031
This project collects data on convicted rapists, self-reported
sexually coercive college students, and two control groups
to determine if the developmental antecedents of sexual
aggression differ among the four groups.

Dissemination and Communication Activities of the National
Consortium for Violence Research
National Science Foundation
Harmon M. Hosch
97-IJ-CX-A060
This award supports vigorous communication between
researchers and practitioners associated with the National
Consortium for Violence Research, including commenting on
potential research issues, providing feedback on
implementation of research findings, and advising on the
constraints and successes of recent approaches to prevent
or reduce violence.

Efficacy of Court-Mandated Counseling for Domestic
Violence Offenders: A Broward County Experiment
Florida Atlantic University
Lynette Feder
96-WT-NX-0008
This research assesses the effectiveness of a 26-week
counseling intervention for batterers based on the Duluth,
Minnesota, model. Data from probation reports, monthly
treatment attendance and participation reports, police
contacts, and offender and victim reports of violence both
prior to and after treatment are analyzed.

Evaluating the Impact of Alternative Placement: Long-Term
Followup of Adjudicated Delinquents
University of Illinois--Chicago
Michael Fendrich
95-IJ-CX-0108
This study explores the relative impact of alternatives to
State training schools on the recidivism of adjudicated
delinquents.

Evaluation of Breaking the Cycle
The Urban Institute
Adele Harrell
97-IJ-CX-0013
This award supports evaluation of a comprehensive and
coordinated program in Birmingham, Alabama, designed to
reduce substance abuse and criminal activity and improve
the health and social functioning of drug-involved offenders
by combining drug treatment with criminal justice sanctions
and incentives.

Evaluation of G.R.E.A.T.
University of Nebraska--Omaha
Finn-Aage Esbensen
94-IJ-CX-0058
This project supports the longitudinal evaluation of the Gang
Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) Program, a
school-based gang prevention curriculum taught by law
enforcement officers.

Exploration of the Experience and Needs of Formerly
Intimate Stalking Victims
West Chester University
Mary P. Brewster
95-WT-NX-0002
This research identifies the evolution and patterns of stalking
behavior; the psychological, financial, physical, and
behavioral effects of stalking on its victims; the effectiveness
(or ineffectiveness) of legal mechanisms in protecting
victims; the various needs of stalking victims; the factors
related to subsequent violence in stalking cases; and related
issues.

Exploring the Links Between Substance Abuse and
Domestic Violence
Research Triangle Institute
James Collins, NIJ Visiting Fellow
97-IJ-CX-0009
This award supports a study of programs that integrate
domestic violence services and substance abuse treatment
for both batterers and victims. 

Family and Community Violence: Experiences of
Adolescents
Regents of the University of 
California--Los Angeles
Susan B. Sorenson
96-IJ-CX-0017 
This project studies the relationship between exposure to
family violence and subsequent violence-related attitudes,
victimization, and perpetration in an ethnically diverse
sample of adolescents living in the Los Angeles area. 

Female Gang Involvement in the Midwest: Two-City
Comparison
University of Southern California
Jody Miller
96-IJ-CX-0005 
This project explores the etiology of female participation in
gangs in Cleveland and Columbus, Ohio, and the structural
and cultural contexts in which gangs emerge and operate. 

Firearm Acquisition, Violent Crime, and Juvenile Offenders
Battelle Memorial Institute, Human Affairs Research Center
Barbara Rader
96-IJ-CX-0027 
This project interviews juvenile offenders who have been
convicted of crimes involving a firearm to examine their
motives and sources of firearm acquisition; the relationship
between gangs, drugs, and guns; and offenders' perceptions
of triggering events.

Girl Scouts Beyond Bars Program: Research and Evaluation
University of Baltimore
Kathleen Block
94-IJ-CX-K013
This evaluation of the Maryland Girl Scouts Beyond Bars
program assesses the impact of enhanced visitation on the
relationship between incarcerated mothers and their
daughters by collecting data on the children's school and
home life.

High School Youth, Weapons, and Violence: A National
Survey of Weapon-Related Behavior, Crime, and
Victimization
Tulane University
Joseph Sheley
94-IJ-CX-0033
This project conducts a national survey of a random sample
of 3,000 male high school juniors and seniors to determine
weapon-related violence, victimization, and associated
behavior.

Homicide in New York City, 1790-1990
Regents of the University of California--Los Angeles
Eric Monkkonen
96-IJ-CX-0016 
This award supports continuation of a data series on
homicides over a period of two centuries in New York City.

Immigration and Naturalization Service Detention and
Removal: A "White Paper"
Yale Law School
Peter H. Schuck
97-IJ-CX-0005
This report examines the limitations of the Immigration and
Naturalization Service's (INS) current detention strategies
and explores possible improvements and alternatives. 

Impact Evaluation of the Opportunity To Succeed (OPTS)
Program
The Urban Institute
Shellie Rossman
94-IJ-CX-0010
This 4-year evaluation includes a process evaluation, an
impact evaluation, and a cost-benefit analysis of the OPTS
program, which provides an array of services to probationers
and parolees returning to their communities.

Murder in Space City Reexamined: Houston Homicide
Sam Houston State University
Victoria Brewer
97-IJ-CX-0014
This award, part of a series of homicide studies, is analyzing
data from Houston, Texas, police files to determine factors
that correlate with high homicide rates and case disposition.

Patterns and Trends in Youth-Perpetrated Homicides in the
United States
Research Triangle Institute
Robert Flewelling
95-IJ-CX-0114
This project examines patterns and trends in youth-perpetrated homicides since 1980 and explores social and
demographic determinants of the recent increases in youth
homicide.

Patterns of Violence: An Analysis of Individual Offenders
University of Nebraska--Omaha
Julie Horney
96-IJ-CX-0015
This study examines varying levels of violence by individuals
across time, including the avoidance of violence in high-risk
situations.

Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
President and Fellows of Harvard
Felton J. Earls
93-IJ-CX-K005
This longitudinal study, which is sponsored jointly with the
MacArthur Foundation, is collecting data over an 8-year
period on 7,000 children and youths from birth to age 18,
their families, and their neighborhoods to trace the
development of delinquent and criminal behavior patterns, 
including substance abuse. 

Risk of Serious Injury or Death in Intimate Violence
Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority
Carolyn R. Block
96-IJ-CX-0020 
This project identifies factors that place battered women in
danger of life-threatening injury or death and develops high-risk profiles by analyzing cases in which women and men
were killed through intimate violence. 

Secondary Analyses of the Impact of Co-offending in
Criminal Justice Data Sets
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Elin J. Waring
96-IJ-CX-0012 
This award supports sophisticated statistical analyses to
develop improved models that can assess the impact of co-offending in terms of criminal justice outcomes. 

Situational Contexts of Gun Use by Young Males in an Inner
City
Columbia University School of 
Public Health
Jeffrey Fagan
96-IJ-CX-0013
This research analyzes gun use among young males,
including their decisionmaking process related to the
criminal use of guns and the factors implicated in homicides. 

Supplemental Survey of Gun Owners
President and Fellows of Harvard
David Hemenway
95-IJ-CX-0094
This project conducts a national random-digit-dial survey of
3,200 gun owners to supplement findings on self-defense
produced in surveys by the Harvard Injury Control Center
and NIJ.

Targeting Cycles of Domestic Violence: Assessment,
Review, and Recommendations
Seattle Police Department
Dan W. Fleissener
95-IJ-CX-0097
This project supports a partnership between the University of
Washington and the Seattle Police Department to gather
information on the cycle of violence and develop more
effective measures against domestic violence.

Testing Hair Samples and the Pennsylvania Prison Project
Psychemedics Corporation
Chris Berka
96-IJ-CX-C005 
This project conducts radio-immunoassays on head hair
specimens to determine recent and past drug use among
prison inmates.

Understanding, Preventing, and Controlling Domestic
Violence Incidents
University of Massachusetts--Lowell Research Foundation
Eve Buzawa
95-IJ-CX-0027
This project examines official records and conducts indepth
interviews with batterers and victims to determine the effect
of judicial intervention on batterers sentenced in the Quincy,
Massachusetts, District Court.

Violence and Threats of Violence Against Women in
America
Center for Policy Research
Patricia Tjaden
93-IJ-CX-0012 
This supplement continues the study of a national telephone
survey of 8,000 women and 8,000 men age 18 and older to
advance knowledge about the nature, extent, and
consequences of various forms of violence and threats of
violence against women, including stalking and childhood
victimization. 

Youth, Firearms, and Violence 
in Atlanta: A Problem-Solving Approach
Emory University 
Arthur Kellermann
94-MU-CX-K003
This study employs a problem-solving approach to reduce
gun violence among youth in metropolitan Atlanta. The
approach involves working with the community and with
State and local governments to analyze the magnitude,
extent, and characteristics of the problem.

Youth Violence, Guns, and Links to Illicit Drug Markets
Carnegie Mellon University
Alfred Blumstein
95-IJ-CX-0005
This project studies the recent growth in juvenile homicide
rates by race and age through examination of data on
homicide rates, drug arrest rates, arrest rates for weapons
offenses, the number of homicides involving guns, and other
variables.

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The Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) Program

The Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) program in 23 sites
performs drug tests on samples of arrestees brought to
booking facilities. The test findings indicate levels of drug
use, determine what drugs are used in specific jurisdictions,
and track changes in arrestees' drug use patterns. 

DUF--Cleveland Telecommunications Pilot Project
Cleveland State University
Sonia Alemagno
96-IJ-CX-A009
This award implements a pilot project using
telecommunications software to conduct interviews with
arrestees at DUF sites.

DUF--Examination of Methamphetamine Use
San Diego Association of Governments
Susan Pennell
96-IJ-CX-0026
This project examines the dynamics of methamphetamine
use, market structure, methods of payment, and associated
illegal activity in several DUF sites. 

DUF--Identifying and Prioritizing Local Social Risk Factors
Colorado Division of Criminal Justice
Kim English
96-IJ-CX-0031 
This award analyzes the socioeconomic and criminal
histories of drug-involved arrestees in Denver to expand
understanding of their characteristics. 

DUF--Laboratory Analysis of Urine Specimens
National Center for Forensic Science
Lionel Menard
94-IJ-CX-C009
This award supports laboratory analysis to screen for 10
drugs in samples collected at DUF sites. 

DUF--Statistical Support
Aspen Systems Corporation
Lilly Gardner
93-IJ-CX-C002
This award supports data analysis, maintenance of data
files, preparation of publications, and periodic training of
DUF personnel.

Atlanta DUF
Georgia State University Institute of Government
Administration
Kirk Elifson

Birmingham DUF
City of Birmingham
L. Foster Cook

Chicago DUF
TASC of Illinois, Inc.
Melody Heaps

Cleveland DUF
Cuyahoga County Board of County Commissioners
Bob Pace

Dallas DUF
Dallas County Sheriff's Department
Charles Fawns

Denver DUF
Colorado Division of Criminal Justice
Kim English

Detroit DUF
Michigan State University
Tim Bynum

Fort Lauderdale DUF
Broward County Sheriff's Office
Ron Cochran

Houston DUF
Houston-Galveston Area Council
Brett Arkinson

Indianapolis DUF
Marion County (Indiana) Justice Agency
Cindy Mowry

Los Angeles DUF
Los Angeles County, Inc., Public Health Foundation
Karen Garcia

Manhattan DUF
New York City Department of Mental Health, Mental
Retardation, and Alcoholism Services
Patricia Thomas

Miami DUF
Metro-Dade Police Department
Dorothy Fletcher

New Orleans DUF
Orleans Parish Criminal Sheriff's Office
William C. Hunter

Omaha DUF
Office of Public Safety, Police Division
Frederick Power

Philadelphia DUF
Temple University
Jack R. Greene

Phoenix DUF
TASC of Maricopa County, Inc.
Barbara Zugor

Portland DUF
TASC of Oregon, Inc.
Diane Wiscarson

San Antonio DUF
San Antonio Metropolitan Health District
Sergio Soto

San Diego DUF
San Diego Association of Governments
Susan Pennell

San Jose DUF
Santa Clara County Bureau of Drug Abuse Services
Robert Garner

St. Louis DUF
St. Louis (Missouri) Metropolitan Police Department
Scott H. Decker

Washington, D.C., DUF
District of Columbia Pretrial Services Agency
Janis Bergin

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Residential Substance Abuse Treatment

Client Motivation in Therapeutic Community Treatment for
Offenders
University of Delaware--Newark
Costel D. Denson
97-RT-VX-K004
This project is evaluating the expansion of Delaware's
therapeutic continuum of residential treatment for drug
abusing prisoners.

Evaluation of Florida's Residential Substance Abuse
Treatment for State Prisoners Program
Florida State University
Olivia H. Pope
97-RT-VX-K007
This project is evaluating the implementation and treatment
effects of the Residential Substance Abuse Treatment
Program at three Florida correctional facilities. 

Evaluation of the Forever Free Substance Abuse Program
Regents of the University of California--Los Angeles
Michael Pendergast
97-RT-VX-K003
This award supports evaluation of "Forever Free," a 6-month
residential treatment program for women inmates that is
followed by community residential treatment.

Evaluation of the Maxey Substance Abuse Treatment
Program
University of Michigan
David Plawchan
97-RT-VX-K008
This award supports an evaluation of the Maxey Training
School for substance abusing youth involved in the Michigan
juvenile justice system. 

Evaluation of Residential Substance Abuse Treatment
University of Wisconsin--Madison
Paul D. Moberg
97-RT-VX-K001
This project is evaluating local implementation of
Wisconsin's residential substance abuse treatment program,
which is located in a minimum security facility and offers a
therapeutic community for prisoners who are dually
diagnosed with psychiatric disorders.

Evaluation of Residential Substance Abuse Treatment 
for State Prison Inmates
University of New Mexico
Robert Wilson
97-RT-VX-K002
This project is evaluating the "We Are Recovering"
therapeutic community at the Southern New Mexico
Correctional Facility and developing a framework for future
evaluation of the program's aftercare component. 

National Evaluation of Prison Substance Abuse Treatment
National Development and Research Institute
Douglas Lipton
97-RT-VX-K006
This project is conducting a national process evaluation of
the Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for State
Prisoners Program, providing assistance to the States, and
performing preliminary work on an outcome evaluation. 

Therapeutic Milieu in Treatment of Offenders: Evaluation in
Maryland
University of Maryland--College Park
Faye S. Taxman
97-RT-VX-K005
This award supports a process and impact evaluation of
Maryland's comprehensive strategy for providing treatment
services to offenders both during incarceration and upon
release through an aftercare component. 

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o Intramural Projects

The following research is being conducted by NIJ staff:

Analysis of Juvenile Drug Use Trends and Patterns
K. Jack Riley and Angela Moore-Parmley
Using data from Drug Use Forecasting sites, researchers
are analyzing drug use among juveniles. The work examines
prevalence, initiation into illicit drug use, living arrangements,
and education, and compares juvenile self-reports of drug
use with test results. Additionally, trends in the DUF data are
being compared with trends reported in the Monitoring the
Future program.

Assessing the Incapacitative and Deterrent Effects of
Oleoresin Capsicum (Pepper Spray)
Steven M. Edwards and Robert J. Kaminski
This project employs multivariate and time-series analyses
to assess the effectiveness of pepper spray in making
arrests and to determine whether its introduction into a large
police department deterred assaults on police officers.

Effects of Spatial and Temporal Aggregation on the Analysis
of Patterns of Homicide
Seth Flanders and Nancy G. La Vigne
Using 3 years of data from Washington, D.C., homicides,
this study explores various grouping methods and areal unit
sizes to determine the extent to which these factors produce
bias or inefficient estimates in regression analysis. 

Impact of Videotaped Police-Citizen Encounters on Public
Perceptions of Law Enforcement
Eric S. Jefferis and Robert J. Kaminski
Using survey data from a random sample of Cincinnati
residents over an 11-year period, this study examines how
public opinion was affected by the televising of a violent
arrest of an African-American youth.

Mobility of DUF Arrestees
Robert Langworthy and Nancy G. La Vigne
This study is analyzing ZIP code data from arrestees in Drug
Use Forecasting samples to determine the concentrations of
arrestees, the concentrations of offenses, and the
relationship between where offenders live and where they
commit crimes.

Patterns and Correlates of Assaults on Police
Robert Kaminski and Robert Langworthy
This project examines assaults on police officers in 77 cities
from 1980 to 1994 and analyzes a variety of police
organizational factors, sociodemographic characteristics of
cities, and officer and suspect attributes.

Race and Recidivism
Pamela K. Lattimore, Richard L. Linster, and 
Christy A. Visher
This project examines the relationship between race (black,
Hispanic, and white) and criminal recidivism among
approximately 4,000 male youth released from the California
Youth Authority.

Use of Force Between the Police and Persons with Impaired 
Judgement
Raymond L. Downs, Robert J. Kaminski, and Clete
DiGiovanni
Researchers, working in partnership with the National Naval
Medical Center, are assessing the differences in use of force
on arrestees who are and are not judgmentally impaired due
to drug use or psychiatric illness, the effectiveness of the
force, and the associated risks to the officer and the
arrestee. 

-------------------------------------------------------

o Research Applications 
   Contract Projects

Abt Associates Inc.
Joan Mullen
OJP-C-94-007

Addressing HIV/AIDS, STDs, and TB in Jails and Prisons
This project is updating information on the policies and
procedures in adult and juvenile correctional systems to
address the continuing epidemics of HIV/AIDS, STDs, and
TB among incarcerated offenders. 

Drug Treatment in the Age of Managed Care
State and local community corrections officials are
identifying and describing current practices and key issues
associated with providing drug treatment to incarcerated
drug abusers. 

-------------------------------------------------------

CRIME CONTROL AND PREVENTION

o Extramural Research

Ada County Sheriff's Office and Boise State University
Boise State University
John Crank
96-IJ-CX-0085
Through the partnership created by this award, researchers
are surveying citizens to better understand their needs and
thereby enhance the community's capacity to access
information about the sheriff's office.

Adolescent Violence: Lethal and Nonlethal 
Columbia University School of Public Health
Jeffrey Fagan
97-IJ-CX-0023
This study of violent incidents among 15-24 year olds living
in New York City in 1986-1995 is identifying the individual,
social, and economic risk factors that contribute to violence
among young people. 

Alachua County Sheriff's Office Research Partnership with
the University of Florida
Alachua County Sheriff's Office
Louise Grimm
96-IJ-CX-0087
Researchers, working in partnership with the Alachua
County Sheriff's Office, are conducting a detailed review of
the research needs of the sheriff's office, improving research
and communication skills, and determining if the
communication program has enhanced the target
neighborhood residents' attitudes toward law enforcement.

Analysis of Police Use of Force Data
University of South Carolina
Geoffrey P. Alpert
95-IJ-CX-0104
This project reanalyzes and compares the data sets on
police use of force from the Metro-Dade, Florida, and
Eugene and Springfield, Oregon, police departments.
Through data analysis, researchers are determining the
relationship between the amount of resistance met by police
and the amount of force used to control suspects.

Assault Crisis Teams: Preventing Youth Violence Through
Monitoring, Mentoring, and Mediation
St. Louis (Missouri) Metropolitan Police Department
Richard Rosenfeld
94-IJ-CX-K012
This project creates assault crisis teams that work in an
emergency medical treatment center serving high-risk
populations, in a juvenile detention facility, in an adult
medium-security institution, and in one or two
neighborhoods with high levels of violence. The project
includes an evaluation of the teams' impact.

Assessing Community Police Performance in Philadelphia
Temple University
Jack R. Greene
95-IJ-CX-0084
This collaboration between Temple University and the
Philadelphia Police Department seeks to better understand
community-oriented policing by more precisely measuring
routine patrol activities, problem-solving capabilities, and the
impact of policing philosophy on both the police and the
community.

Assessing a Model of Police-Community Collaboration
Vera Institute of Justice, Inc.
Douglas Young
96-IJ-CX-0064
This evaluation explores police relationships with clients in a
substance abuse treatment program to enrich understanding
about the design and implementation of crime control
strategies. 

Assessment of Family Violence Interventions
National Academy of Sciences
Rosemary Chalk
95-IJ-CX-0001
A committee of experts is developing a synthesis of the
relevant research and expert opinions regarding the
strengths and limitations of existing program interventions in
the area of family violence.

Awareness and Perceptions of Community Policing in
Immigrant Communities
Victim Services, Inc.
Robert Davis
96-IJ-CX-0073
This project is investigating the extent to which awareness of
community policing is penetrating immigrant communities
and the perceptions of immigrants about law enforcement.

Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, Police Family Group
Conferencing Project
Community Service Foundation, Inc.
Theodore Wachtel
95-IJ-CX-0042
This project evaluates the effectiveness of family group
conferencing, an innovative community policing technique
that involves victims, offenders, and their families and
friends in addressing moderately serious juvenile crimes.

Beyond Arrest: The Portland, Oregon, Experiment
Portland State University
Annette Jolin
95-IJ-CX-0054
This study explores whether arrest, in the context of a
coordinated domestic violence response system, has a
greater deterrent effect than arrest by itself and evaluates
the effectiveness of the Portland Police Bureau's Domestic
Violence Reduction Unit.

Building Effective Strategies for Community Policing
State University of New York--Buffalo
Raymond Hunt
95-IJ-CX-0081
This project supports the collaboration between a university
team and the Buffalo Police Department to help define,
clarify, develop, and deploy a vision and strategy for
community policing.

Childhood Victimization and Delinquency, Adult Criminality, 
and Violent Criminal Behavior: A Replication and Extension
Washington Department of Social and Health Services
Diana J. English
97-IJ-CX-0017
This study is comparing substantiated cases of child abuse
and neglect to subsequent court records in King County,
Washington, to determine the relationship of childhood
victimization to delinquency, adult criminality, and violence.

Citizen Involvement in Community Policing
Institute for Social Analysis
Royer F. Cook
95-IJ-CX-0092
This evaluation focuses on police-citizen interaction and
community policing in two cities where the national impact
evaluation of Operation Weed and Seed is being conducted.

Collaboration Between Abt Associates and the Hartford 
Police Department
Abt Associates Inc.
Joan Mullen
95-IJ-CX-0079
This evaluation examines an innovative joint police-community program in Hartford, Connecticut, that directly
addresses a key aspect of the 1994 Crime Act: development
and implementation of innovative programs that permit
members of the community to assist law enforcement
agencies in reorienting the emphasis of their activities from
reacting to crime to preventing crime.

Collaboration Between the 
Oakland Police Department and the University of California
Regents of the University of California--Berkeley
Jerome Skolnick
95-IJ-CX-0046
This project supports collaboration between the Oakland
Police Department and the University of California--Berkeley
to encourage police accountability to the department and to
the citizens of Oakland. It is also evaluating the department's
move to implement community-oriented policing through
decentralization.

Community Component of Community Policing in 
Los Angeles
University of Southern California
Cheryl Maxson
96-IJ-CX-0069
This project is developing measurement tools to assess
community attitudes and perceptions of police activities and
police-community relationships and is examining individual
and community factors in citizens' reactions to community
policing. Findings from mail and telephone surveys are being
compared to help decisionmakers select appropriate
measurement tools and better understand the results of
assessment efforts in different locations across the country.

Community Policing in El Centro, California: Strengthening
Police-Citizen Cooperation in a Bilingual, Multicultural
Community
City of El Centro
Harold D. Carter
95-IJ-CX-0049
Working with faculty from San Diego State University, the El
Centro Police Department is identifying and testing
strategies for improving cooperation and building trust
between police officers and citizens who may not speak the
same language or share a common cultural experience.

Community Policing in Neighborhoods
Michigan State University
Stephen D. Mastrofski
95-IJ-CX-0071
This study addresses several aspects of community policing,
including how the police and the community interact with
each other in a community policing environment, how
officers spend their time and use their authority to intervene
in citizens' lives, how police control problem citizens, and
how law enforcement agencies obtain cooperation between
the police and the public.

Computer Mapping of Crime in Public Housing
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Harold Holzman
96-IJ-CX-A022 
This award supports the needs assessment and
implementation phases of a computer-assisted geographic
mapping system for a police department and a public
housing agency in a case study city.

Consent to Search and Seize
University of Missouri--St. Louis
Scott H. Decker
95-IJ-CX-0067
This project evaluates the St. Louis Firearm Suppression
Program, an innovative policing effort to (1) reduce youth
firearm possession and violence by obtaining parental
consent to search the homes of juveniles suspected of
possessing a gun, and (2) document aspects of problem-oriented policing most responsible 
for successful outcomes.

Controlling Crime and Disorder Hot Spots Using Civil
Remedies
University of Cincinnati
Lorraine Green Mazerolle
95-IJ-CX-0039
This 18-month study assesses the Oakland, California,
Police Department's Beat Health Unit Initiative, which uses
civil remedies for drug and crime abatement, neighborhood
improvement, and cooling down of hot spots. The
assessment's aim is to inform policymakers of the types of
communities most likely to provide successful environments
for such initiatives.

Coordinated Response to Motor Vehicle Thefts: Evaluation
of Enforcement and Crime Prevention Efforts
San Diego Association of Governments
Susan Pennell
94-IJ-CX-0027
This evaluation examines the effectiveness of using
enhanced crime analysis information and mapping
techniques targeted at enforcement and prevention of motor
vehicle thefts to improve efforts to control and prevent auto
theft.

Council Grove-Kansas State University Law Enforcement
Team Project
Kansas State University
Kay K. Cogley
95-IJ-CX-0045
This project forms a long-term partnership between law
enforcement in the rural community of Council Grove,
Kansas, and Kansas State University to provide systematic
data on public perceptions of the area's style of community
policing.

Creating a Culture of Community Policing: An Albuquerque
Police Department-University of New Mexico Research
Partnership
University of New Mexico
Lydia Salas
96-IJ-CX-0068
This project is studying the fundamental dynamics involved
in implementing community policing throughout all
departments of the Albuquerque Police Department.

Criminology Against Crime: Criminologists and Crime
Control for the Indianapolis Police Department
City of Indianapolis
Donald Christ
95-IJ-CX-0077
This evaluation examines two key elements of police
accountability. One is the IMPACT (Indianapolis Model of
Police Accountability for Community Problemsolving
Targets) program, a computer-aided management
information and evaluation program for community policing.
The other is the New York Police Department's model of
weekly crime control strategy meetings, which promote
intensive review of local crime patterns by top police
commanders.

Cross-Site Research on Locally Initiated Collaborations
Institute for Law and Justice, Inc.
J. Thomas McEwen
95-IJ-CX-0083
This ongoing evaluation of locally initiated research
partnerships includes newly funded collaborations. The
purpose is to determine how local police-researcher
partnerships are formed, how they operate, what factors
lead to successful collaborations, and what research
contributions can be made.

Cutting Edge of Technology: An Information Campaign
International Association of Chiefs of Police
Charles E. Higginbotham
92-IJ-CX-0003
This project seeks to ensure that the innovative law
enforcement technology applications developed and
researched by the National Institute of Justice are
incorporated into police operations.

Demonstrating a Cost-Effective Approach for Locally
Initiated Police Research in Small- and Medium-Sized Cities
LINC
Marcia R. Chaiken
95-IJ-CX-0047
This award supports partnerships involving four police
departments (Eureka and Redding, California; Pocatello,
Idaho; and Rapid City, South Dakota) and police
researchers from the Institute for Law and Justice, the Joint
Centers for Justice Studies, and the Police Executive
Research Forum. The partnerships develop, test, and
evaluate processes for linking researchers and police
departments.

Determinants of Citizen and Police Involvement in
Community Policing
City of Boston
Luis Garcia
96-IJ-CX-0071
This research measures community attitudes toward and
involvement in community policing in Boston,
Massachusetts, and identifies individual and community
factors associated with citizen participation in community
policing.

Domestic Violence Intervention Project
East Bay Community Foundation
Maria Theresa Viramontes
96-IJ-CX-0098
This research partnership among the East Bay Public Safety
Corridor Partnership, the National Council on Crime and
Delinquency, and the Berkeley (California) Police
Department is developing and testing screening tools to aid
police in the decisionmaking process in domestic violence
situations in an effort to integrate the criminal justice and
rehabilitative/treatment models into a single comprehensive
approach to responding to domestic violence.

Domestic Violence Shelter Population in San Diego
San Diego Association of Governments
Susan Pennell
97-IJ-CX-0007
This award supports creation of a central repository of
comprehensive information on domestic violence shelters
and the types of services needed to improve delivery of
services.

Educating the Public About Police: The Lima Public Service
Announcement Project
University of Cincinnati
Mitchell Chamlin
95-IJ-CX-0055
This evaluation examines the ability of four educational
public service announcements on police-citizen interaction to
affect police-citizen outcomes.

Enhancing the Design and Analytical Potential of Crime
Mapping
Southern Illinois University
James LeBeau
97-LB-VX-0002
This award provides training to NIJ's Crime Mapping
Research Center staff in the use of cartographic and spatial
analytic applications and in the research and development of
specific mapping applications. 

Establishing a Research Partnership Between the Omaha
Police Department and the University of Nebraska at Omaha
University of Nebraska--Omaha
Vincent Webb
95-IJ-CX-0057
This project builds on an ongoing collaborative research
partnership in which Omaha Police Department
professionals and university researchers identify the
department's research needs, develop a community
policing-related research agenda, carry out the agenda, and
assess its impact on the department and the community.

Establishing a Research Partnership: Forest Park, Ohio,
Police Division and the University of Cincinnati
University of Cincinnati
Lawrence Travis
96-IJ-CX-0088
This partnership is working to increase the capacity of the
Forest Park Police Division to conduct and utilize research
and improve sensitivity among university faculty and
students to the operational problems of police agencies.

Evaluating Community Policing in Public Housing
Temple University
Jack R. Greene
95-IJ-CX-0041
This evaluation assesses the implementation of a
community policing strategy by the Philadelphia Housing
Authority and its resident police agency across six public
housing developments in Philadelphia that are linked by a
common thoroughfare.

Evaluation of the Bureau of Justice Assistance's
Comprehensive Communities Program
BOTEC Analysis Corporation
Ann Marie Rocheleau
94-IJ-CX-0065
This project expands a process evaluation of the
Comprehensive Communities Program to include an
additional six sites, at a reduced level of study, and to
increase the intensity of study at six sites currently under
evaluation.

Evaluation of Chicago's Citywide Community Policing
Program
Northwestern University
Wesley G. Skogan
94-IJ-CX-0046
This project is continuing a long-term evaluation of
Chicago's community policing program by monitoring
implementation of the program, trends in program
awareness and citizen involvement, public perceptions of
the police, and the impact on the extent of crime and
disorder problems.

Evaluation of Community Policing Project
Hagerstown (Maryland) Department of Police
Dale J. Jones
95-IJ-CX-0051
This project, conducted by researchers from Shippensburg
University in Pennsylvania, assesses the implementation of
the Hagerstown, Maryland, Police Department's community
policing program, which was designed to reduce fear of
crime and improve the quality of life for residents and
merchants in two neighborhoods.

Evaluation of Community Policing in Tempe, Arizona
Institute for Law and Justice, Inc.
J. Thomas McEwen
95-IJ-CX-0090
This continuing evaluation considers how a police
department changes, adapts, and sustains community
policing over time in efforts that encompass the entire city.

Evaluation of Community Policing in Two Medium-Sized
Cities
University of Illinois--Chicago
Dennis P. Rosenbaum
95-IJ-CX-0068
This evaluation assesses two types of initiatives: long-term
organizational efforts to implement community policing
strategies on a citywide basis and new, multiagency efforts
to reduce violence and fear in and around local schools.

Evaluation of the Dallas Police Department's Interactive 
Community Policing Program
University of Texas--Arlington
Charles H. Mindel
95-IJ-CX-0070
This evaluation examines the implementation of an
Interactive Community Policing Model (ICPM) in Dallas,
Texas; codifies and measures the ICPM; develops a
replicable implementation technology; and assesses the
effects of the ICPM on the community and the police
department.

Evaluation of the Department of Transportation Regulation
of Auto Parts Marking
Abt Associates Inc.
William Rhodes
96-IJ-CX-0018 
This award evaluates the effectiveness of the parts-marking
requirement of the Motor Vehicle Theft Law Enforcement Act
of 1984, which was designed to prevent and deter auto theft,
inhibit "chop shop" operations, and aid in the recovery of
stolen vehicles. 

Evaluation of the Effects of Fatigue on Police Patrol Officers
and Their Relations With the Community
Police Executive Research Forum
Dennis Jay Kenney
96-IJ-CX-0046
This project is researching the ways in which police officers'
hours of work affect job performance. It is also assessing
related management and administrative strategies and
procedures.

Everyday Perceptions of Disorder, Self-Protection Against
Crime, and Community Policing
Regents of the University of California--Los Angeles
Jack Katz
95-IJ-CX-0078
This ethnographic study of five contrasting neighborhoods in
the Hollywood area of Los Angeles describes the differences
among the residents in their perceptions of disorder and fear
of crime, personal strategies for avoiding risk, and definitions
of community policing.

Examining the Transformation to Community Policing:
Organizational Development Characteristics and Issues
Institute for Law and Justice, Inc.
Edward F. Connors
95-IJ-CX-0091
This evaluation examines the critical elements involved in
making a successful transition from a traditional law
enforcement agency to a community policing organization.

Facilitating Organizational Change: Shaping Philosophies
Through Individual and Organizational Evaluations
University of South Carolina
Geoffrey P. Alpert
95-IJ-CX-0101
These evaluations assess the efforts of police officers and
their departments, using input that focuses on the processes
of policing in the community and the consequences of the
actions taken by officers.

Fast Track Program Study: Tracking Nonviolent Juvenile
Criminal Offenders
Bay City (Michigan) Police Department
Penny Phelps
96-IJ-CX-0072
This collaborative research between police officers and
university professors is evaluating Fast Track, a youth
offender program designed to prevent repeat offenders from
recycling through the criminal justice system.

Firearms and Violence: Juveniles, Illicit Markets, and Fear
President and Fellows of Harvard
David M. Kennedy
94-IJ-CX-0056
This project tests the feasibility of preventing juvenile gun
violence through problem-solving policing focused on
disrupting the illicit market in firearms and reducing juveniles'
fear. It also assists the Boston Police Department in
analyzing its juvenile gun problem and designing an
intervention strategy.

First-Line Supervision in the Community Policing Context
Police Foundation
Earl Hamilton
94-IJ-CX-0044
This project provides empirical and theoretical articulation of
the role of a first-line supervisor in a community policing
context and will suggest methods of designing training,
measuring performance, and providing managerial support.

Forging a Florida Law Enforcement Research Coalition
Florida State University
Anthony Pate
95-IJ- CX-0085
This award supports the Florida Law Enforcement Research
Coalition, a coalition of law enforcement officials and
planners and university faculty working to improve
community policing efforts to reduce crime and improve the
quality of life.

Forming a Research Partnership: Lansing Police
Department and Michigan State University
City of Lansing
Timothy S. Bynum
95-IJ-CX-0093
This partnership between the Lansing (Michigan) Police
Department and Michigan State University continues
evaluation activities and enhanced information
dissemination that will be integrated into the department's
community policing program.

Gang Activity in Orange County
Regents of the University of California--Irvine 
Bryan Vila
96-IJ-CX-0030
This award supports a multiagency, regional, cooperative
model for reducing gang and youth violence and increasing
the understanding of the nature of gang involvement and the
distribution of gang crime incidents in Orange County,
California. The project includes evaluation and
documentation of the model.

Geographic Information Systems Spatial Crime Analysis
Application
Montgomery County (Maryland) Department of Police
Timothy Delaney
96-IJ-CX-A029 
This award is supplying the Montgomery County Department
of Police with equipment and training to implement a
computer-assisted geographic mapping system that will
enable the department to engage in spatial crime analyses. 

Gun Density vs. Gun Type: Did More, or More Lethal, Guns
Drive Up the Dallas Homicide Rate, 1978-1992
Crime Control Institute
Christopher Koper
94-IJ-CX-0038
This project tests three hypotheses on the relationship
between gun type, gun availability, and homicide by
exploring the effects of guns of varying lethality on urban
homicide rates.

Handgun Intervention Program Evaluation
The Urban Institute
Jeffrey A. Roth
95-IJ-CX-0106
This study evaluates the Handgun Intervention Program in
the 36th District Court in Detroit, Michigan. The goal of the
program is to prevent gun violence among defendants
charged with carrying a concealed weapon.

Health Care Fraud Control in an Electronic Environment:
Phase II
President and Fellows of Harvard
Malcolm K. Sparrow
96-IJ-CX-0010
This evaluation assesses the state of the art in fraud
controls in the health care industry by examining the effects
of electronic claims processing and the increased
prevalence of managed care on patterns of fraud.
Recommendations will be made for improving health care
fraud controls. 

Identification of Work and Family Services for Law
Enforcement Personnel
Police Research Education Project
Elizabeth McGee
95-IJ-CX-0113
This project identifies the work and family stress factors in
police officers' lives and the programs provided to assist
them. It also surveys a national sample of law enforcement
agencies to determine the availability and success of such
programs.

Identifying Correlates of Police Deviance: An Empirical
Study of Police Corruption and Brutality in New York (1975-1996)
Temple University
Jack R. Greene
96-IJ-CX-0053
This award supports a longitudinal study of New York City
police officers who resigned or were dismissed because of
corruption or brutality from 1975 through 1996. The study
describes these officers in terms of individual,
organizational, and community characteristics and identifies
the managerial, operational, and scholarly implications.

Identifying Strategies to Market Community Policing
Indiana University--Bloomington
Steven Chermak and Alex Weiss
96-IJ-CX-0078
This project examines the strategies police departments use
to market their community policing efforts and their success
rate and explores the role of the news media in publicizing
community policing.

Impact of Charleston, West Virginia, Community-Oriented
Policing
Marshall University Research Corporation
Girmay Berhie
96-IJ-CX-0063
This partnership is studying the impact of community
policing in Charleston, West Virginia, on business owners,
low-income housing residents, other city residents, and
police personnel.

Impact of Community Policing Training and Implementation
on Police Personnel
Arizona State University
Robin Haarr
96-IJ-CX-0060
This project is evaluating the extent to which the Phoenix
Regional Police Training Academy's program produces
desired changes in officers' attitudes, perceptions, beliefs,
and behaviors related to community policing philosophies
and strategies, problem-solving techniques, and multicultural
awareness.

Impact Evaluation of the Weed and Seed Program
Abt Associates Inc.
Terence Dunworth
95-DD-BX-0134 
This impact evaluation is assessing outcomes of the Weed
and Seed program in eight sites using a multimethod
approach.

Implementing Community Policing in Los Angeles: A
Partnership Between the LAPD, UCLA, and USC
Training Research Corporation
Edward Smith
95-IJ-CX-0060
This project establishes a partnership between the Los
Angeles Police Department and the city's two largest
research universities to test whether the implementation of
community policing can be accelerated by feeding data into
the organization at strategic points and whether such a
partnership can be a catalyst in transforming a large and
complex police agency.

Increasing the Effectiveness of Rural Police Departments
Alfred University
William Hall
95-IJ-CX-0080
Alfred University and two neighboring towns are conducting
a field study to determine how the police departments in the
towns can more effectively and efficiently provide services to
their communities by using community policing strategies
and sharing programs and resources.

Integrating Community Policing into the San Diego Regional
Law Enforcement Training Center Curriculum
San Diego Police Department
Donna Warlick
95-IJ-CX-0065
This project enables the San Diego Police Department to
analyze the Training Center curriculum, develop
modifications that incorporate community policing and
problem solving as a common theme, train instructors in the
modifications, and evaluate the outcome.

Intervention for Elementary School Children Exposed to
Community Violence
Howard University
Hope Hill
95-MU-MU-0026
This project, cofunded with the Office of Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prevention, supports an initial evaluation of a
culturally appropriate, multilevel, after-school intervention
designed to reduce children's likelihood of experiencing the
negative psychological effects of violence and engaging in
violent behavior.

Investigative Function in the Community Policing Context
Police Executive Research Forum
Mary Ann Wycoff
96-IJ-CX-0081
The study describes existing models for integrating
investigations into community policing. A survey of
departments examines, among other issues, detectives'
roles in community policing. Site visits are being made to
promising departments and recommendations formulated for
effective integration practices.

Joint Police and Social Services Response to Abused Elders
Victim Services, Inc.
Bruce Taylor
95-IJ-CX-0061
This evaluation, conducted in cooperation with the New York
Police Department, examines a joint community policing and
social service response 
to elder abuse.

Joint Research Partnership for Community-Oriented Policing
St. Louis University
James F. Gilsinan 
95-IJ-CX-0062
This collaborative project between the university and the St.
Louis Metropolitan Police Department examines the
commitment of first-line supervisors to a community-oriented
policing approach and develops criteria for recognizing and
rewarding activity that results from this approach.

Locally Initiated Research on Community Policing Initiatives
in Jefferson County, West Virginia: Process and Outcome
Evaluation
Jefferson County (West Virginia) Coalition on Substance
Abuse
Diane C. McCoy
95-IJ-CX-0088
This award continues research into the behaviors and
perceptions of uniformed and civilian State law enforcement
officials toward community-oriented policing. The research
includes an examination of the impact of technological
enhancements on the operations and management of small
rural police forces.

Locally Initiated Research: Developing and Expanding 
Problem-Solving Partnerships in Jersey City
Jersey City (New Jersey) Police Department
Frank Gajewski
95-IJ-CX-0076
This partnership between the Jersey City Police Department
and the Center for Crime Prevention Studies at Rutgers
University addresses community policing issues in 32
neighborhood improvement districts. 

Locally Initiated Research Partnership: Framingham, 
Massachusetts, Police Department and Social Science
Research and Evaluation, Inc.
Social Science Research and Evaluation, Inc.
Robert Apsler
96-IJ-CX-0070
This award establishes a partnership between a police
department and a research organization to assess an
innovative program in which victims who have taken out
restraining orders receive cellular phones to contact police in
an emergency. 

Measuring and Analyzing Crime Patterns and Trends with
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
John Jay College of Criminal Justice and Research
Foundation of the City University of New York
John Mollenkopf
95-IJ-CX-0103
This collaborative project between the New York Police
Department and two City University of New York research
centers improves analysis and evaluation techniques to
increase understanding of crime incidence and control
dynamics.

Meeting the Needs of Racine Citizens: Evaluation of a
Community Policing Program
University of Wisconsin--Parkside
Helen Rosenberg
96-IJ-CX-0093
Residents, business owners, politicians, educators, social
service personnel, and police are partners in this systematic
study of the impact of community policing in Racine,
Wisconsin. 

National Assessment of Community Policing Training
Institute for Law and Justice, Inc.
J. Thomas McEwen
94-IJ-CX-0042
This project assesses the nature, quality, and scope of
training in community policing through indepth telephone
interviews and a national mail survey of a representative
sample of police chiefs, sheriffs, and training academy
directors.

National Evaluation of the Youth Firearm Violence Initiative
Abt Associates Inc.
Terence Dunworth
95-IJ-CX-0069
This evaluation of the Youth Firearm Violence Initiative,
sponsored by the Office of Community-Oriented Policing
Services, is describing the strategies being implemented by
various sites, assessing what factors contribute to the
program's success or failure, and identifying which
strategies can be transferred to other jurisdictions.

National Study of Delinquency Prevention in Schools 
Gottfredson Associates, Inc.
Gary D. Gottfredson
96-MU-MU-0008
This research is describing the prevalence of different types
of school-based delinquency prevention programs and
evaluating the implementation of 
such programs. 

Organizational Change and Leadership: Conditions and
Strategies for Creating a Culture of Community Policing
President and Fellows of Harvard
Mark Moore
95-IJ-CX-0059
This evaluation determines what internal and external
organizational conditions and what leadership and
management techniques facilitate change. The researchers
are developing hypotheses to be tested in future research.

Orienting Overview on Broken Windows, Disorder, and
Decline
Temple University
Ralph B. Taylor, NIJ Visiting Fellow
96-IJ-CX-0067
This award supports secondary analyses of various data
sets to determine the extent to which specific types of social
and environmental disorder--apart from community
demographics, crime, and residents' individual
characteristics--affect fear and neighborhood commitment.

Partners for Prevention? Obstacles to Police-Community
Cooperation in Problem Solving
Northwestern University
Wesley G. Skogan
95-IJ-CX-0056
This project evaluates Chicago's community policing effort
and the impact of its problem-solving strategies.

Partnership Against Crime: University of Maryland and 
Prince Georges County Police Department
University of Maryland--College Park
Lawrence W. Sherman
96-IJ-CX-0080
This partnership between the University of Maryland and the
Prince Georges County Police Department is modeled after
the New York Police Department's COMSTAT program. The
project's goal is to promote intensive review of local crime
patterns by top police commanders and establish clear
accountability for response to those patterns.

Partnership for Research in Community Policing Strategies 
in a Rural County and Three Small Cities
University of South Alabama
Robert Galbraith
95-IJ-CX-0072
This project is a demonstration of the mutual value of
research, evaluation, and program development
partnerships between small and rural law enforcement
agencies and the faculty of a local urban university.

Perceptions of Police Accountability in Citizen Complaints
Sam Houston State University
Kenneth Adams
96-IJ-CX-0077
This research examines citizen complaints in detail,
including the process citizens use in deciding to make a
complaint, the experiences of citizens with the process,
areas of satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the process,
and findings across jurisdictions.

Police-Academic Partnership for Evaluation and Research
University of Virginia
Janet Warren
96-IJ-CX-0044
This award supports an interactive, shared information
system to conduct research on workplace violence in three
police jurisdictions. 

Police-Community Initiatives for Effective Law Enforcement
North Carolina Central University
Harvey L. McMurray
93-IJ-CX-K023
This project follows the development of a cooperative, rural
community policing program in Beaufort and Columbus
counties, North Carolina, for a better understanding of how
to organize and establish similar operations in other
multicounty, rural areas.

Police and the Community: National League of Cities Search
for Excellence in Community Policing
National League of Cities Institute
William B. Whiteside
95-IJ-CX-0064
This project is identifying promising programs, activities, and
best practices that show collaborative problem solving
between law enforcement and the community and that
demonstrate community awareness and perceptions of
community policing. 

Police-Researcher Partnerships: Building the Infrastructure
for Effective Program Evaluation
Justice Research and Statistics 
Association
Joan C. Weiss
96-IJ-CX-0006 
This award helps to link local police departments with
researchers at local or regional universities and at State
Statistical Analysis Centers to create partnerships that will
foster an environment for opportunistic, locally initiated
research on innovative policing strategies.

Police Response to Emotionally Disturbed Persons:
Analyzing New Models of Police Interactions With the Mental
Health System
Policy Research Associates
Henry J. Steadman
96-IJ-CX-0082
This case study analysis seeks to determine best practices
used by police in response to emotionally disturbed persons
by defining the strengths and weaknesses of three different
approaches. 

Policing on American Indian Reservations
President and Fellows of Harvard
Francis Hartmann
95-IJ-CX-0086
This 18-month project works with American Indian tribes to
discover what policing strategies are and are not working,
why they seem to be working or not, and how tribes and
private and public agencies concerned with the welfare of
American Indian communities might apply the findings.

Policing Local Illicit Gun Markets
Carnegie Mellon University
Jacqueline Cohen
95-IJ-CX-0075
This project, a partnership between a local research
institution and the Pittsburgh police, examines the nature of
local gun markets, particularly the sources of guns to
juveniles, and assesses the effectiveness of law
enforcement and investigatory strategies directed against
these markets.

Population-Based Monitoring of Firearm Violence: Georgia
United Notification System
Emory University
Arthur L. Kellermann
95-IJ-CX-0025
This award supports development of a data surveillance
system for police investigators that integrates information on
nonfatal gunshot injuries from police reports, health care
providers, and hospital emergency rooms in the Atlanta
area.

Preventing Crime: A Critical Assessment
University of Maryland--College Park
Lawrence W. Sherman
96-MU-MU-0019
This award supports a group of distinguished criminologists
to synthesize research and evaluation findings on crime
prevention--what works, what doesn't work, and what looks
promising. 

Problem-Oriented Policing In a State Police Agency: A
Demonstration and Evaluation
State University of New York--Albany, Research Foundation
Hans Toch
93-IJ-CX-K013
This collaborative project applies the philosophy of problem-oriented policing to a State police agency to demonstrate to
agencies nationwide that they can achieve significant
benefits by using a local research and development
capability.

Problem-Solving Study: An Examination of Efforts Aimed at
Impacting Crime and Disorder Problems
Rana Sampson, NIJ Visiting Fellow
94-IJ-CX-K008
This project collects, studies, and describes successful
problem-solving efforts of police and community members.

Process Evaluation of Title I of the Violent Crime Control Act
of 1994
The Urban Institute
Jeffrey A. Roth
95-IJ-CX-0073
This project evaluates the progress made and problems
encountered through implementation of Community Oriented
Policing Services (COPS) under Title I of the 1994 Crime
Act. The evaluation includes site visits to 60 locations and a
national survey of 1,800 police executives.

Process Evaluation of Title XVIII of the Violent Crime Control
Act of 1994
The Urban Institute
Jeffrey A. Roth
95-IJ-CX-0111
This evaluation analyzes the impact that the Crime Act's
bans on semi-automatic assault weapons and large-capacity
ammunition magazines have had on violent crime and drug 
trafficking.

Proposal to Integrate Objective Performance Evaluation into 
Community Policing
Boston Police Department
James T. Jordan
95-IJ-CX-0063
This two-stage project seeks to create an effective program
for ongoing evaluation of the Boston Police Department's
community policing strategy and is conducting two projects
to assess the progress of neighborhood policing.

Public Acceptance of Less-Than-Lethal Technologies
Institute for Law and Justice, Inc.
J. Thomas McEwen
93-IJ-CX-K012
This study assesses public reaction to the use of new less-than-lethal weapons and related technologies by law
enforcement personnel.

Reducing Disorder, Fear, and Crime in Public Housing: An
Evaluation of an Advanced Stage Drug Crime Elimination
Program
Washington State University
Quint Thurman
96-IJ-CX-0074
Reclaiming Our Area Residents (ROAR) is an ongoing
public housing drug elimination program sponsored by the
Spokane (Washington) Housing Authority and the Spokane
Police Department. This study examines the program's
impact on community revitalization. 

Reducing Firearms Crime and Injuries: Interdicting Guns and
Bullets
Indianapolis, Office of the Mayor
Craig Fishburn
95-IJ-CX-0019
This project tests several strategies to encourage gun safety
and reduce gun carrying and gun violence.

Reducing Repeat Victimization of Residential Burglary
Police Executive Research Forum
John Stedman
96-IJ-CX-0042
Researchers are working with police to analyze burglary
patterns and develop appropriate interventions using a
problem-solving model and situational crime prevention
techniques.

Reporting and Nonreporting of Racially Motivated Hate
Crimes in Robeson County, North Carolina: A Case Study
North Carolina Central University
Alice J. Mayer
95-IJ-CX-0116
This project explores the factors that influence the reporting
and nonreporting of racially motivated hate crimes in
Robeson County, North Carolina.

Research Partnership Between the Lexington Division of
Police and Eastern Kentucky University
Lexington/Fayette Urban County Government
Larry Gaines
95-IJ-CX-0048
This project establishes a research partnership to support
one initial research project, plan a second one, and establish
a system within the Division of Police for soliciting,
prioritizing, and supervising subsequent research projects.
The second project will evaluate the police department's
move toward more geographically based deployment in
support of community policing.

Restructuring the Role of Police Sergeants by Identifying the
Character Traits Associated With Success
City of Baltimore
Joseph R. Bolesta
96-IJ-CX-0086
This project is identifying and categorizing the characteristics
of sergeants who have demonstrated excellence in
performance and in the fulfillment of their roles as leaders in
the agency and the community. 

Role of Local Law Enforcement in Controlling Illegal
Immigration and Other Transnational Crimes
Georgetown University
William McDonald, NIJ Visiting Fellow
95-IJ-CX-0110
This project studies State and local law enforcement efforts
against transnational crime, including illegal immigration,
street crime committed by illegal immigrants, organized
crime initiated outside U.S. borders, and immigrant
involvement in the drug trade.

State and Local Participatory Evaluation of the Safe 
Neighborhoods Program
Connecticut Statistical Analysis Center
Dolly Reed
95-IJ-CX-0107
This project supports the evaluation of the Connecticut Safe
Neighborhoods Program, which provides funds to establish
and administer police substations in high-crime areas.

Street-Level Policing in Cincinnati: Community and
Traditional Policing and Citizens' Perceptions 
University of Cincinnati
James Frank
96-IJ-CX-0075
This study examines the workload of neighborhood and
patrol officers, police-citizen interactions involving both types
of officers, attitudes of officers toward community policing,
the perceived impact of this neighborhood-level strategy on
officer workload, and citizen knowledge of police efforts over
a 12-month period.

Technical Assistance for the Birmingham Breaking the Cycle
Program
Fund for the City of New York
Eric Lee
96-IJ-CX-0050 
This award provides technical assistance for development of
an electronic management information system for the
Birmingham, Alabama, Breaking the Cycle demonstration.
The demonstration tests arrestees for drug use, offers
treatment, and imposes sanctions to examine the effects on
levels of drug use and criminal behavior.

Two-Stage Model of Change: Madison Police Department
Police Executive Research Forum
Mary Ann Wycoff
95-IJ-CX-0087
This evaluation examines and documents the Madison
(Wisconsin) Police Department's implementation of the
second stage of a two-stage model of the transition to
community policing.

Use of Force By and Against Police 
Joint Centers for Justice Studies
Joel Garner
95-IJ-CX-0066
This project builds upon prior NIJ-funded research on police
use of force in Phoenix, Arizona, by surveying arresting
officers in four cities regarding the nature of force used and
the nature and circumstances of the arrest.

Using Traffic Barriers to Design Out Crime
California State University--Fullerton Foundation
Stuart A. Ross
96-IJ-CX-0009 
This evaluation assesses a police-sponsored Crime
Prevention Through Environmental Design program in which
permanent traffic barriers were placed in two South Central
Los Angeles neighborhoods to reduce crime and allay
resident fears. 

Vermont Incident-Based Crime Analysis and Mapping:
Developing Research Capabilities for Problem-Oriented
Policing
Vermont Center for Justice Research
William Clements
95-IJ-CX-0037
This project analyzes data on offender and offense
relationships using new technologies in geographic
information systems to analyze data spatially and visually.

-------------------------------------------------------

o Intramural Projects

The following research is being conducted by NIJ staff:

Crime Prevention Through Design: The Case of the 
Washington, D.C., Metro
Nancy G. La Vigne
This research analyzes crime data from the Washington,
D.C., Metro transit police, municipalities served by Metro,
and other subway systems to test two questions: (1) Is the
Washington, D.C., Metro safer than expected, given what is
known about crime rates on other subway systems and
those outside the systems? (2) Are Metro's low crime rates
explained by the design, management, and maintenance of
the system?

Equalizing Penalties for Crack and Powdered Cocaine: The
Minnesota Experience
Jordan Leiter and Angela Moore-Parmley 
This research compares the disposition and length of
sentence for defendants charged with crack and powder
cocaine offenses in Hennepin and Ramsey Counties before
and after sentencing guidelines were enacted to equalize
the penalties for these types of offenses.

Journey to the Chop Shop: Spatial Interactions Between
Auto Theft Sites and the Location of Chop Shops
Nancy G. La Vigne and James L. LeBeau
Using geocoded data, researchers are developing a model
of the spatial relationship between the location of stolen and
recovered cars and the location of chop shops to test law
enforcement's ability to predict chop shop sites.

National Survey of Police Departments' Use of 
Computerized Crime Mapping
Cynthia Nahabedian, Nancy G. La Vigne, and Seth Flanders
This project is determining the extent to which police
departments use computerized crime mapping, the ways in
which it is used, and the types of hardware and software
used.

Optimal Use of Multiple Methods of Drug Testing
Pamela K. Lattimore
A variety of technologies can now detect illegal drug use,
and for each technique (for example, urinalysis and hair
analysis) specimen collection involves different costs and
response times. This project is developing methods for
determining when and how to use different types of drug
tests.

Relationship Between Crime and Restructuring of Public and
Subsidized Housing, Controlling for Situational,
Neighborhood, and Structural Economic Factors
Jordan Leiter, Nancy G. La Vigne, and Angela Moore-Parmley
Researchers are assessing the impact on crime of various
restructuring initiatives in public and subsidized housing,
including physical features of the housing, while controlling
for neighborhood characteristics and economic factors. 

Repeat Victimization in Residential Burglary
Richard Titus
This research is using segment-level analysis of burglary in
the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) to
determine whether one housing unit in the segment is
disproportionately victimized during the 3 years the segment
is in the NCVS sample and in the 6 months following a
burglary.

Shelter Availability and Murder and Nonnegligent Homicide
Rates
Bernard Auchter and Stephanie Bourque
This research examines the possible relationship between
the availability of shelter beds for victims of domestic abuse
and the rate of murder and nonnegligent manslaughter. For
example, when fewer beds are available in shelters for
battered women, are more women murdered by their
domestic partners?

-------------------------------------------------------

o Research Applications 
   Contract Projects

Abt Associates Inc.
Joan Mullen
OJP-C-94-007

Chicago's Safer Foundation: A True Road Back for Ex-offenders
This report, cofunded with the National Institute of
Corrections and the Office of Correctional Education at the
U.S. Department of Education, discusses implementation
and replication issues of Safer Foundation, which runs a
private school in the Cook County jail and operates a work
release center that provides extensive educational and
employment readiness programs.

Employment Clearinghouse for Former Offenders
This report, cofunded with the National Institute of
Corrections, describes a partnership between Washington
State's Department of Corrections and Department of
Employment Security that coordinates employment services
for former offenders, including training in job readiness, job
seeking, and employment retention.

Florida's Automated Risk Classification System for
Probationers
NIJ researchers have developed a statistical model for
assessing risk and needs to better target the level of
supervision each probationer needs. This report describes in
lay terms how the automated pilot program worked.

Life Skills Programs: Delaware, Nebraska, and Other Sites
to Be Determined
This series of reports, cofunded with the U.S. Department of
Education, describes instructional programs in correctional
settings designed to help inmates succeed once released.
Program implementation, obstacles and opportunities, and
specific program elements, such as literacy, financial
management, parenting, and anger control, are described.

Texas' Project RIO (Re-Integration for Offenders)
Project RIO helps former inmates find gainful employment
and involves close collaboration between the Texas
Workforce Commission, the Texas Department of Criminal
Justice, and Windham School District. The report, cofunded
with the National Institute of Corrections, highlights the
program's effectiveness, describes how it works, and
discusses implementation and replication issues. 

-------------------------------------------------------

CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

o Extramural Research

Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Clearance of Homicides
Justice Research and Statistics Association
Joan C. Weiss
96-IJ-CX-0047
This multisite study analyzes factors affecting the clearance
of homicides in police departments in several major cities to
offer guidance on the extent to which clearance rates are
useful in measuring police performance.

Analysis of Global Database on Crime and Criminal Justice
Robin W. Burnham, NIJ Visiting Fellow
97-MU-CX-0002
This project is reviewing the history and development of the
five waves of the United Nations Crime Survey, assessing its
weaknesses and strengths, and developing
recommendations to address specific concerns of member
nations.

Boot Camps and Their Impact on Confinement Populations
Abt Associates Inc.
Dale Parent
96-SC-VX-0005
This study assesses the extent to which boot camps can
achieve the goal of accelerating the release of nonviolent
offenders, thereby generating bed space for the confinement
of more violent offenders. Information on all 44 federally
funded boot camps is being collected and 4 will be given
intensive analysis.

Collaborative Development of Individual Discharge Planning
for Incarcerated Women
University of Rhode Island
Kathryn Quina
96-CE-VX-0012
This project is determining the extent to which an intensive
discharge planning process improves psychosocial
functioning and reduces the risk of recidivism for
incarcerated women.

Community Policing Strategies: First National Survey
Update
Macro International, Inc.
Billy Jones
96-IJ-CX-0045
This award updates and enhances the information about
community policing collected in a 1993 Police Foundation
survey to help identify the strategic and tactical changes
occurring in policing and to describe the factors that underlie
the changes.

Correctional Boot Camps for Juveniles: A Proposal for a
Multisite Study
University of Maryland--College Park
Doris MacKenzie
96-SC-LX-0001
This study examines the conditions of confinement at 27
juvenile boot camps and measures and compares
participant outcomes, such as the juveniles' performance
during community supervision. 

Crime and Justice Thematic Volume on Prisons
Castine Research Corporation
Michael Tonry
96-CE-VX-K001
This award supports the development of essays to be
collected in a thematic volume on prison issues for the
Crime and Justice series.

Data Collection and Communication: An Implementation
Guide
National Center for State Courts
Susan Keilitz
96-WT-NX-0002
This study expands the national evaluation of the Office of
Justice Programs' STOP (Services, Training, Officers,
Prosecutors) grants to thoroughly analyze their experiences
with data collection and communication systems to enable
future development, implementation, and standardization of
data collection and communication systems.

Developing an Internet Model for Cross-National Information
Sharing and Dissemination
Sergey S. Chapkey, NIJ Visiting Fellow
95-IJ-CX-0033
This project further develops the Institute's cross-national
information sharing and dissemination capabilities.

Development of Guidelines for Using Psychological Test
Results to Help Combat Corruption in Law Enforcement
Organization
Defense Personnel Security 
Research Center
Howard Timm
96-IJ-CX-A056
This project is developing a comprehensive manual on the
findings and recommendations from the first major national
study on the psychological dimensions of police corruption.

Dispensing Justice Locally: An Analysis of the Impacts,
Costs, and Benefits of the Midtown Community Court
Fund for the City of New York
Michele Sviridoff
96-IJ-CX-0019 
This evaluation of the Midtown (Manhattan) Community
Court expands the assessment of the court's impact on
quality-of-life offenses, recidivism, and jail displacement and
includes a cost-benefit analysis. 

Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Data Systems in
States
Justice Research and Statistics Association
Stan Orchowsky
96-IJ-CX-0057
This award continues and expands upon a study of the
databases being used by States to collect information on
domestic violence and sexual assault. 

Drug Monitoring in Criminal Justice Management
Applications 
Orleans Parish District Attorney
Tom Mieczkowski
96-IJ-CX-0001
This project is testing a criminal justice population for
exposure to illicit drugs using an ion mobility spectrometer.
The project includes an evaluation of the feasibility of
integrating this technology into current drug-testing protocols
of urinalysis and hair assays.

Drug Testing for Youthful Offenders on Parole: 
An Experimental Study
California Youth Authority
Rudy Haapanen
91-IJ-CX-K023
This study compares the effects of different levels of routine,
unscheduled drug testing on criminality and parole
adjustment among young adult offenders on parole
supervision.

Effect of Correctional Resources on the Sentencing of Male
and Female Defendants in Minnesota
Florida International University
Lisa Stolzenberg
96-CE-VX-0008
This study examines gender-specific trends in sentencing in
Minnesota and whether judicial decisionmaking and
sentence severity are influenced by the differences in prison
crowding in men's and women's prisons.

Effects of Court Dispositions on the Likelihood of Rearrest
for Domestic Violence Arrestees in Cincinnati
University of Cincinnati
John Wooldredge
95-IJ-CX-0102
This project assesses the effectiveness of pretrial detention,
conviction, or jail sentences for preventing and delaying
further domestic violence by suspects arrested for
misdemeanor domestic violence in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Effects of Procedural Justice in Spouse Assault: A
Reanalysis of the Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment
University of Maryland--College Park
Raymond Paternoster
96-IJ-CX-0058
This award supports secondary analysis of the NIJ-funded
Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment to contribute to
understanding of the deterrent effect of issuing a warning to
a suspected abuser versus arresting the suspect.

Enhancing the Evaluation Outcomes of Innovative Boot
Camp Programs
Southern Illinois University
Tom Castellano
94-IJ-CX-0019
This project explores the factors associated with the
implementation and development of innovative correctional
boot camps and examines program impacts on such
offender traits as self-esteem and problem-solving skills.

Estimating the Costs and Benefits of Mandatory Sentencing
Laws
RAND Corporation
Peter Greenwood
95-IJ-CX-0099
This project assesses the potential costs and benefits of
three-strikes-and-you're-out and similar mandatory
sentencing laws to help administrators plan for their
implementation and help public officials and the general
public better understand them.

Evaluation of the Bureau of Justice Assistance's
Correctional Options Demonstration Program
National Council on Crime and Delinquency
James F. Austin
95-DD-BX-K009
This award supports continued evaluation of cost-effective
alternatives to traditional incarceration. Fifteen sites that
operate boot camps and other intermediate sanctions
programs are being evaluated.

Evaluation of the Client Management Classification System
Sam Houston State University
Billy C. Covington and Jennifer D. Frisbee, Graduate
Research Fellows
96-IJ-CX-0037
Using the logic of fuzzy set theory, this project is assessing
the degree to which a client management classification
system succeeds in placing offenders in appropriate
supervision categories and compares the classification
system performance across gender and 
racial groups. 

Evaluation of a Coordinated Community Response to
Domestic Violence
Applied Research Associates
Stan Orchowsky
95-WT-NX-0004
This evaluation assesses the effectiveness of the Alexandria
(Virginia) Domestic Violence Intervention Project, which
combines a mandatory arrest policy with a no-drop
prosecution strategy, court-mandated treatment for
batterers, and services for battered women, such as
emergency shelter, counseling, and court advocacy.

Evaluation of the District of Columbia Superior Court Drug
Court Intervention Program
The Urban Institute
Adele Harrell
94-IJ-CX-K011
This award supports process and impact evaluations and
cost-benefit analysis of two treatment strategies associated
with the D.C. Drug Court Intervention Program.

Evaluation of the Development and Implementation of
Virginia's Sentencing Law
National Center for State Courts
Brian Ostrom
96-CE-VX-0005
This project provides the first systematic examination of the
implementation of Virginia's new no-parole, truth-in-sentencing laws implemented in 1995.

Evaluation of Florida's Residential Drug Treatment and
Prison Diversion Program
Richard L. Linster, NIJ Visiting Fellow
96-CE-VX-0010
As Florida's prison admissions have decreased,
commitments to residential drug treatment programs have
grown. This project assesses the impact of these programs
in terms of recidivism and costs and benefits.

Evaluation of Los Angeles County Juvenile Drug Treatment
Boot Camp
California State University--San Marcos
Sheldon Zhang
96-SC-VX-0003
This study evaluates the Los Angeles County Drug
Treatment Boot Camp Program to assess postprogram drug
use, determine whether postrelease criminal behavior is
reduced, and identify the characteristics of successful
graduates.

Evaluation of a Metropolitan Area DWI Night Court
New Mexico State University
L. Thomas Winfree, Jr.
96-IJ-CX-0022
This evaluation measures the effects of a specialized Driving
While Intoxicated (DWI) night court on recidivism rates,
changes in attitudes and self-reported behaviors, court
operations, the local criminal justice community, the local
legal community, and other interest groups.

Evaluation of North Carolina's Structured Sentencing Law
Research Triangle Institute
James Collins
96-CE-VX-0013
This project examines the impact of North Carolina's
structured sentencing law and the implications for
sentencing legislation, guidelines, structures to support
sentencing reform, resource needs, and correctional
program development.

Evaluation of OJP FY95 Boot Camp Planning Grants
National Council on Crime and Delinquency
Sandra Tunis
96-SC-VX-0004
This national study focuses on the boot camp planning
grants awarded by the Office of Justice Programs'
Corrections Program Office in fiscal year 1995 and
examines barriers to achieving planning and implementation
goals and characteristics that lead to successful planning
and implementation.

Executive Seminar Series on Sentencing and Corrections
University of Minnesota
Michael Tonry
97-MU-MU-K006
This project is holding five seminars involving researchers
and practitioners with expertise in sentencing and
corrections to identify significant issues and discuss how
those issues can be addressed through sentencing policies
and correctional practices. 

Extent and Nature of Sexual Victimization of College Women
University of Cincinnati
Bonnie Fisher
95-WT-NX-0001
This project collects data from a national sample of women
enrolled at postsecondary institutions in the United States,
using structured telephone interviews to obtain incident and
victimization data.

Factors Related to Domestic Violence Court Disposition in a
Large Urban Area: The Role of Victim-Witness Reluctance
University of Cincinnati
Joanne Belknap
96-WT-NX-0004
The purpose of this study is to determine which factors
influence judicial and prosecutorial decisionmaking in
domestic violence cases and which factors influence victim-witness reluctance in bringing batterers to successful
adjudication. 

Family Violence: Building a Coordinated Community
Response
American Medical Association
Larry S. Goldman
96-IJ-CX-0029 
This grant supports planning and assessment of the first two
of five regional conferences on family violence being
cosponsored by the American Medical Association in
conjunction with other national organizations and Federal
agencies.

Forging a Florida Correctional Research Coalition
Florida State University
Gordon Waldo
96-CE-VX-0007
This award supports the creation of the Florida Correctional
Research Coalition (FCRC), a partnership between the
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Florida State
University and the Florida Department of Corrections.

HIDTA Seamless System for Drug-Involved Offenders: A
Randomized Multicenter Evaluation
University of Maryland--College Park
Faye S. Taxman
96-CE-VX-0017
This project evaluates the efforts of eight Maryland counties
to increase prison space for violent offenders by integrating
drug treatment and surveillance for nonviolent felons.

Identifying Effective Correctional Programs for Female
Felony Offenders
Michigan State University
Timothy S. Bynum
96-IJ-CX-0021 
This project is evaluating two innovative community
programs for female offenders.

Impact of Criminal and Juvenile Justice System Policies and 
Practices
University of Illinois--Chicago
David E. Olson, Graduate Research Fellow
96-IJ-CX-0014 
This project examines the impact that social and criminal
justice policies have had on specific types of crime over the
past 12 years in all 102 Illinois counties.

Impact Evaluation of STOP Grant Programs for Reducing
Violence Against Women Among Indian Tribes
University of Arizona
Eileen M. Luna
96-WT-NX-0006
This project evaluates the impact of the programs for women
among Indian tribes supported by the Office of Justice
Programs' STOP (Services, Training, Officers, Prosecutors)
Violence Against Women grants. The goal of the programs
is to expand understanding of the cultural and legal context
of reducing violence against women among Indian tribes. 

Impact Evaluation of STOP Grants Law Enforcement and
Prosecution
Institute for Law and Justice, Inc.
J. Thomas McEwen
96-WT-NX-0007
This project involves an impact evaluation at 8 to 10 sites
under the Law Enforcement and Prosecution purpose area
of the Office of Justice Programs' STOP (Services, Training,
Officers, Prosecutors) formula grants. The evaluation
addresses a cross-section of various local activities,
including training for law enforcement officers and
prosecutors, police and prosecution policies, and programs
that address stalking.

Impact Evaluation of Victim Services Programs: STOP
Grants Funded by the Violence Against Women Act
American Bar Association
Barbara Smith
96-WT-NX-0003
This project evaluates the first 2 years of Office of Justice
Programs' STOP (Services, Training, Officers, Prosecutors)
Violence Against Women grants awarded to victim services
programs for work in the areas of sexual assault, domestic
violence, and stalking.

Impact of Managerial Style on the Colombian Distribution of
Cocaine to the Wholesale Level
City University of New York, 
Research Foundation
Joseph R. Fuentes, Graduate Research Fellow
96-IJ-CX-0035
This project examines the organization and operation of
wholesale cocaine dealing, including distribution, marketing,
and the role of wholesalers; disciplinary tactics used for
delinquent payments, broken transactions, and other
violations; and adaptive responses to law enforcement
operations such as interdiction, eradication, and money
laundering investigations.

Impact of Mandatory Minimum Sentences on Felony Case 
Processing
National Center for State Courts
John Goerdt
94-IJ-CX-0040
This study examines the impact of two sentencing trends--mandatory minimum sentences for first-time drug offenders
and mandatory minimum sentence enhancements for
habitual offenders--on trial rates, backlog, delay, and
conviction rates.

Impact of Truth-in-Sentencing Reform in Massachusetts
Massachusetts Committee on Criminal Justice
Francis J. Carney
96-CE-VX-0011
This project examines the impact of sentencing guideline
reforms on judicial decisionmaking and on criminal justice
resources.

Implications for Corrections of the Community Movement in
Criminal Justice
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Todd R. Clear, NIJ Visiting Fellow
96-IJ-CX-0004 
This project addresses a variety of issues related to the role
of local communities in correctional responses to crime and
justice, including the theoretical implications of local justice
and the practical and strategic aspects of the local justice
concept of community safety.

Improving Alien Adjudication and Pretrial Release
Procedures
Vera Institute of Justice, Inc.
Christopher E. Stone
95-IJ-CX-0034
This award supports the design and implementation of a
demonstration program to increase the effectiveness and
efficiency of adjudication and pretrial release procedures for
aliens.

Indian Country Justice Initiative Evaluation Plan
Arizona State University
Carol Lujan
96-IJ-CX-0097
This project evaluates the Department of Justice's Indian
Country Justice Initiative, which is designed to improve the
responsiveness of the Department of Justice to the criminal
justice needs of Native Americans.

Indianapolis Management Accountability Program: 
A Collaboration Between the Indianapolis Police Department
and Indiana University
Indiana University--Bloomington
Alexander Weiss
96-IJ-CX-0092
Through this award, a team of university researchers and
police officials are evaluating the Indianapolis Police
Department's management accountability program and
enhancing the Department's crime analysis capacity.

Influence of Court, Prosecutor, and Defense Resources on
Felony Adjudication Procedures and Interagency
Coordination of Felony Case Processing
National Center for State Courts
John Goerdt
94-IJ-CX-0003
This project examines court, prosecutor, and defender
resources; case management procedures; and methods of
interagency coordination and their impact on the pace and
outcomes of felony adjudication in 10 large urban
jurisdictions.

John B. Pickett Fellowship in Criminal Justice Policy and 
Management
President and Fellows of Harvard
Susan Michaelson
92-IJ-CX-0012 
This award provides full tuition, fees, and related expenses
for students pursuing a 1-year master's degree in public
administration. It also helps career professionals who want
to expand their knowledge of criminal justice policy and
management. 

Linguistic Methods for Determining Document Authorship
Carole E. Chaski, NIJ Visiting Fellow
95-IJ-CX-0012 
This project is developing, demonstrating, and testing a
technique that uses the language of a document to provide
evidence of an author's identity.

Local Impact of Violent Offender and Truth-in-Sentencing 
Legislation: How Probation and Community Corrections
Respond
RAND Corporation
Peter Greenwood
96-CE-VX-0001
This project assesses the impact of violent offender and
truth-in-sentencing legislation in six selected counties and
examines major sentencing structures, the role of counties in
drafting and passing violent offender and truth-in-sentencing
legislation, the changes in local jail and probation policies
and practices, and the costs and benefits of this type of
reform. 

Managing Felons in Los Angeles County
RAND Corporation
Joan Petersilia
96-CE-VX-0018
This project explores the impact of State sentencing
initiatives on county corrections by examining how felons are
sanctioned and managed in Los Angeles County and the
consequences of such sanctions in terms of public safety
and costs.

Models of Community Coordination in Response to Partner
Violence
State University of New York--Albany, Research Foundation
Alissa Worden
95-WT-NX-0006
This evaluation complements an ongoing analysis of the
impact of legislated reforms in family violence cases in New
York State and develops a typology of community
coordination models.

Multisite Evaluation of Second Generation Sentencing 
Commissions
Abt Associates Inc.
William Rhodes
96-CE-VX-0016
This award supports a study of four sentencing commissions
to determine the various effects of sentencing guidelines.
Specific areas being studied include dispositional disparity,
durational disparity, variations in effects among States, and
changes in the size and composition of prison populations.

National Evaluation of the Violence Against Women Act
Grants
The Urban Institute
Martha Burt
95-WT-NX-0005
This project continues documentation of the range of
programs funded by the Law Enforcement and Prosecution
Grants under the Violence Against Women Act, including
assessment of grantee outcomes, examination of their
planning and implementation efforts, and development of a
strategy for documenting long-term impacts.

National Multisite Impact Evaluation of Private and Public
Boot Camp Programs
National Council on Crime and Delinquency
James F. Austin
96-SC-LX-0002
This project evaluates 10 boot camp programs, including 3
adult offender programs run by State departments of
corrections, 3 adult offender programs run by counties, and
4 juvenile offender programs operated privately. The
research focuses on whether aftercare strategies are
effective in influencing outcomes.

Offender Outcomes Under North Carolina Criminal Justice 
Partnership Act
Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
Amy Craddock
96-CE-VX-0004
This study assesses offender outcomes under a new North
Carolina structured sentencing system that reserves jail and
prison space for violent and repeat offenders and directs
most others to community-based sanctions. 

Probationer Compliance With Conditions of Supervision
University of Maryland--College Park
Doris MacKenzie
93-IJ-CX-0045
This project provides information about conditions of
community supervision and explores the relationship
between violations of the conditions and criminality.

Process and Impact Evaluation of Services Provided to
Victims of Crime by the Cook County State Attorney's Office
Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority
Candice Kane
96-IJ-CX-0083
This project provides process and impact evaluations of the
Cook County Victim-Witness Assistance Program.

Profiling the Needs of California's Female Youth Authority
Population
California State University--Fresno
Barbara Owen
95-IJ-CX-0098
This applied research project develops a protocol to assess
the needs of the female youthful offender population
nationwide.

Prosecution in the Community: A Study of Emergent
Strategies
President and Fellows of Harvard
George Kelling and Catherine Coles
95-IJ-CX-0096
This study documents and develops profiles of prosecutorial
strategies in State prosecutors' offices in five cities; explores
the congruence between operational strategies of police and
prosecutors; and determines indicators to measure
community prosecution's effectiveness in dealing with
specific problems.

Prosecution Strategies in Domestic Violence
University of Iowa
Carolyn Hartley
95-WT-NX-0003
This study examines the prosecution of domestic violence-related cases to identify those strategies associated with a
successful outcome of conviction on the original charge.

Prosecutorial Response to Bias-Motivated Crimes
American Prosecutors Research Institute
Don Rebovich
95-IJ-CX-0004
This 12-month study gathers information on the prosecution
of bias-motivated offenses through a mail survey
administered to approximately 800 district attorney's offices
nationwide.

Psychological and Behavioral Effects of Hate Crimes on
Victims
Boston Police Department
Luis Garcia
97-IJ-CX-0011
This project is examining the lingering effects of hate
violence and assessing the effectiveness of the criminal
justice system in meeting the needs of such victims.

Public Attitudes Concerning the Use of New Technologies to
Detect Weapons
Johns Hopkins University
Daniel W. Webster
97-IJ-CX-0022
This study is examining public attitudes toward new law
enforcement weapons detection and surveillance
technologies and intervention strategies. 

Public Support for Corrections Rehabilitation: A Factorial
Survey Approach
University of Cincinnati
Brandon K. Applegate, Graduate Research Fellow
96-IJ-CX-0007
This project examines public support for rehabilitation in
Ohio's correctional system and the factors that influence
such public support.

Race and Sentencing: Effects of Case Strength and
Seriousness
University of Nebraska--Omaha
Cassia C. Spohn
96-IJ-CX-0036
This secondary analysis examines the relationship between
race and sentencing to advance understanding of the direct
and indirect effects of race on sentence severity.

Restoring Accountability in Pretrial Release in the 1990s: An
Experiment in Managing Safe and Effective Release
Crime and Justice Research Institute
John S. Goldkamp
96-IJ-CX-0008
This award supports an evaluation of how the Philadelphia
criminal court system has adapted to greater autonomy in
pretrial release decisions and an assessment of the
elements of effective (minimal and safe) pretrial release.

Rethinking Organizational Strategies and Criminal Justice
Performance Measures: The Case of Community
Prosecution
Barbara Boland, NIJ Visiting Fellow
95-IJ-CX-0112
This award supports development of performance measures
for the Portland, Oregon, model of community prosecution;
assessment of the applicability of the performance measure
methodology to Manhattan's community prosecution model;
and documentation of the characteristics of community
prosecution strategies nationwide.

Self-Evaluating Justice Organization: Building Local
Evaluation Capacity
Michael G. Maxfield, NIJ Visiting Fellow
95-IJ-CX-0029
This project examines the role of self-evaluation as a
problem-solving management tool in criminal justice
agencies and will produce a series of publications that focus
on the role of evaluation and on methods for carrying out an
evaluation at the local level with limited resources and
expertise.

Study of Legislation and Impact of Two-Strikes Legislation
National Council on Crime and Delinquency
James F. Austin
96-CE-VX-0009
This project builds on a study of the impact of California and
Washington State's two- and three-strikes laws to include an
analysis of Georgia's recently enacted two-strikes law. 

Task Force on Community Action on Crime and Justice
The George Washington University
Amitai Etzioni
96-IJ-CX-K005
This 5-month planning grant is determining the conditions for
full funding, feasibility, and value of a task force on
community, crime prevention, and justice.

Teen Court Planning Grant
Time Dollar, Inc.
Edgar S. Cahn
96-IJ-CX-0002
This award supports an innovative approach to delinquency
prevention and intervention in Washington, D.C., called
Teen Court, which holds offenders responsible, offers
services and job training, and involves community members.

Test, Modify, and Retest: An Agenda for Evaluating
Intensive Supervision and Probation
Council of State Governments and American Probation and
Parole Association
Timothy H. Matthews
95-IJ-CX-0032
This project evaluates a prototypical intensive supervision
and probation model to promote behavioral change in
offenders by focusing on the concentrated provision of
services rather than exclusive surveillance and
incapacitating measures.

Texas Prison-Based Treatment Assessment
Texas Christian University
D. Dwayne Simpson
96-IJ-CX-0024
This outcome evaluation of a prison-based therapeutic
community, a residential treatment center, and an outpatient
care program examines whether providing inprison
treatment coupled with postrelease services can reduce
recidivism, drug use, and HIV risk behaviors over time. 

Three-Strikes-and-You're-Out: A Comparative Study of Two
States' New Legislation
National Council on Crime and Delinquency
James F. Austin
95-IJ-CX-0026
This research project analyzes how three-strikes-and-you're-out laws are being implemented by the courts and the
consequences for criminal justice system charging practices,
pretrial detention, court delay, court disposition, and prison
population growth.

Toward Common Sense in Sentencing
Thomas J. Quinn, NIJ Visiting Fellow
95-IJ-CX-0016
This project examines the emerging interest in restorative
justice from the perspective of State and local criminal
justice officials and policymakers.

Undocumented Aliens in Federal, State, and Local Criminal
Justice Systems
The Urban Institute
Rebecca Clark
96-DD-BX-0036
This project describes the characteristics of undocumented
aliens in the criminal justice system at the Federal, State,
and local levels.

Unintended Impacts of Sentencing Reforms and
Incarceration on Family Structure
University of Minnesota
Samuel Myers
96-CE-VX-0015
This project assesses the impact of incarceration and
sentencing reforms on family structure and stability by
investigating the same empirical issue using three data sets
and applying a variety of statistical methods.

Violations of Release Conditions and the Prediction of
Criminal Recidivism
University of Maryland--College Park
Claire Souryal
96-IJ-CX-0011 
This research expands the studies of intensive parole
supervision by analyzing whether technical violations of
parole conditions signal that an offender is likely to commit a
new crime.

Violent Offender Incarceration and Truth-in-Sentencing:
National Evaluation of Implementation Experiences and
Impact on Corrections
RAND Corporation
Susan Turner
96-CE-VX-0006
This evaluation tracks and documents over time significant
changes in a number of key process and outcome variables
for the 50 States, including legislative actions, prosecution
and defense strategies, sentencing patterns, criminal justice
system costs, and crime rates. RAND is also conducting
case studies of recent sentencing and correctional reforms
in six States.

Who Gets What in Policing? A National Assessment of
Police Chiefs' Experiences with Budgets
Police Executive Research Forum
Clifford L. Karchmer
97-LB-VX-K005
This award supports a national assessment of police chiefs
focused on the range of issues involved in budgetary
decisionmaking, the factors associated with success or
difficulty, and innovative approaches to the process. 

Wisconsin Idea: Evaluation Partnership on Sentencing and
Corrections
Wisconsin Department of Corrections
Michael E. Smith
96-CE-VX-0003
This study examines sentences imposed in archetypal
cases, the implementation of those sentences, and the
philosophy behind and techniques employed by correctional
programs. 

Workshop on Longitudinal Surveys of Children
National Science Foundation
Cheryl Eavey
97-IJ-CX-A061
This award supports efforts to collaborate and share
information among both investigators and funders of current
and future longitudinal surveys of children.

-------------------------------------------------------

Law Enforcement Family Support Program

Law Enforcement Family Support
National Association of Police Organizations
Jody Hedeman
96-FS-VX-0001
This project develops, implements, and evaluates innovative
and comprehensive stress reduction educational training
programs for officers' perceived work and family needs in
Dallas, Texas; Erie County, New York; and Minneapolis,
Minnesota.

Law Enforcement Family Support Demonstration Project
Baton Rouge (Louisana) Fraternal Order of Police, Lodge 1
Kevin McCarthy
96-FS-VX-0005
This project is expanding the existing Critical Incident Stress
Debriefing program to cover the entire State of Louisiana
and to include stress reduction services for officers
experiencing all types of employment-related stress.

Law Enforcement Family Support Program
Iowa State University
Eugene Deisinger
96-FS-VX-0006
This award is developing and evaluating a comprehensive
stress management program model for university, municipal,
and county law enforcement officers and their families in
rural areas.

Law Enforcement Family Support Program
Vermont Department of Public Safety
Michael Sorenson
96-FS-VX-0008
This program provides stress management services to
police officers and their families as needed throughout the
State of Vermont.

Law Enforcement Family Support Survey and Focus Groups
Center for Criminal Justice Studies
Elizabeth Langston
95-IJ-CX-0089
This study provides information on the extent and nature of
police stress as identified by focus groups of police officers
and spouses.

Law Enforcement Family Support: Training Program for
Reduction of Stress Among Law Enforcement Officers and
Their Families
New York Division of Criminal Justice 
Eileen Langer
96-FS-VX-0002
This program trains police officers and their families
throughout the State of New York in stress management
techniques.

Law Enforcement Work and Family Stress Support
Baltimore City (Maryland) Fraternal Order of Police
Gary McLhinney
97-FS-VX-0001
This project is assessing the effectiveness of a total quality
management (TQM) model to reduce stress for Baltimore,
Maryland, officers and their spouses using surveys of
perceived stress, accident rates, citizen complaints, and
absenteeism among other variables. 

Police Chaplaincy: An Innovative Law Enforcement Stress
Reduction Delivery System
Arkansas State Police
Jim Tudor
96-FS-VX-0004
This statewide law enforcement chaplaincy program
provides routine and emergency stress management
services, including alcohol and/or dependency counseling,
postshooting counseling, officer trauma counseling, death
notifications, and specialized education for police recruits
and their families.

Stress Reduction Among Law Enforcement Officers and
Families Exploratory Study
City of Buffalo
R. Gil Kerlikowski
96-IJ-CX-0056
This study is identifying gender- and ethnic-specific
stressors facing law enforcement officers and developing
strategies that could be implemented by law enforcement
organizations to address such stressors.

Stress Reduction Program for New York City Police Officers
New York City Patrolmen's Benevolent Association
Membership Assistance Program
William Genet
96-FS-VX-0007
This project is developing a handbook for peer support
officers, conducting awareness training to expand the
network of mental health clinicians who are familiar with the
needs and problems of police officers and their families,
conducting training for l,500 officers and family members,
and organizing support groups.

Stress Training for Officers and Partners
Miami Police Department
Gerald Darling
96-FS-VX-0003
This project provides stress management training, which
addresses both personal and work-related problems, to 200
new officers and their families.

-------------------------------------------------------

o Intramural Projects

The following research is being conducted by NIJ staff:

Assessment of Sentencing Outcomes for Drug Offenders 
in State Courts
Jordan Leiter and Angela Moore-Parmley
This research compares sentencing outcomes for black and
white drug offenders convicted in State courts in Virginia and
Minnesota. Both the likelihood of being incarcerated and the
length of incarceration are being studied. 

Balancing Probation Officer Caseloads for Risk
Pamela K. Lattimore
This project continues NIJ's work with the Florida
Department of Corrections to use model-generated
probabilities of probation failure to assign probationers to
appropriate levels of supervision.

Prison Drug Use: Results of Drug Testing in a State Prison
System 
Thomas E. Feucht and Pamela K. Lattimore
In cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of
Corrections, researchers are measuring the extent of drug
use in prisons and assessing the impact of specific drug
control strategies, including drug-detection dogs, electronic
drug-detection equipment, and randomized drug testing. 

Violence in U.S. Cities: Homicide Trends in Eight Cities
Pamela K. Lattimore, James Trudeau, K. Jack Riley, Jordan
Leiter, Steven Edwards
This examination of trends in murder and violent crime rates
in large U.S. cities entails extensive study of eight cities
(plus two pilot cities), where data is being collected and key
policy-makers interviewed. The research is analyzing the
ways in which changes in local factors--criminal justice
system activities, socioeconomic factors, and criminal
activities, such as involvement with guns, gangs, and drugs--are associated with changes in homicide rates. 

-------------------------------------------------------

o Research Applications 
   Contract Projects

Abt Associates Inc.
Joan Mullen
OJP-C-94-007

Community Dispute Resolution
This report explores the expanding role of dispute resolution
in the administration of justice and examines several
variants of conflict resolution programs that have emerged
around the Nation. 

Dispute Settlement Center of Durham, North Carolina
This indepth review of the services offered by the Dispute
Settlement Center of Durham, North Carolina, focuses on
the problems the Center has confronted and various issues
involved in its development and operation. 

Maryland Shelter Plus Mental Health Care Program for
Dually Diagnosed Offenders Released From Jail
This report describes and assesses a new program for
mentally ill offenders who are newly released from jail and
detention centers. Through housing vouchers, the program
reduces the likelihood that this population will become
homeless. 

Pretrial Services
This report explores developments in the field of pretrial
services, describes an ideal model of pretrial release, and
contrasts the model with current practices. The report
emphasizes the ways pretrial services respond to the
pressures of emergency release, three-strikes-and-you're-out legislation, juveniles, and the increasing number of drug-related crimes.

Project SEEK
This report highlights Project SEEK (Services to Enable and
Empower Kids), a Michigan program for families and
children of incarcerated persons (primarily fathers). 

Treatment Programs for Batterers
A number of approaches are being implemented to respond
to domestic violence. This report explores the features and
findings of a number of model programs.

Victim Impact Statements
This report details the history and current use of victim
impact statements and examines community impact
statements, which are of considerable interest to the
restorative justice and community justice 
movements. 

Women's Prison Association and Home, Inc.
This report highlights a community program in New York City
that provides a variety of support services for newly released
women inmates to ease their transition into the community. 

-------------------------------------------------------

TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

o Community-Oriented Policing Technology

APD Intranet/Briefing Stations
Arlington (Texas) Police Department
Larry Barclay
97-IJ-CX-K005
This grant is developing a system for beat officers to access
information through a number of methods, such as
computerized briefing stations, electronic mail, and beat
inquiries.

Affordable Crime Mapping and Information-Sharing
Technology for Community Police Officers
New Orleans (Louisiana) Police Department
Michael Pfeiffer
97-IJ-CX-K006
This award is developing an affordable crime-mapping and
information-sharing technology using touch-screen
technology for beat officers and community members.

Algorithmic Image Matching: Police Technology Research
and Development Project
Santa Ana (California) Police Department
Paul M. Walters
97-IJ-CX-K011
This project supports the development of an Algorithm
Image Matching (AIM) system to reduce the time required to
search automated mug shot systems. AIM will provide the
ability to search mug shot systems based on known facial
features of a suspect. The system will be able to compare
photographs, sketches, and video images.

Artificial Neural Network System for Classification of
Offenders in Murder and Rape Cases
Battelle Memorial Institute 
Jennifer Miles
97-IJ-CX-K007
This grant is developing software for the Washington State
Attorney General's Office that can compare unknown murder
and rape offenders and their method of operating to the
offenders and methods in similar cases on file.

Automation of Local Police Functions
New York State Department of Criminal Justice Services
Jim Shea
97-IJ-CX-K009
This award is providing the expanded, real-time database
access software used by nearly half of New York State's law
enforcement agencies, allowing officers to access and add
incident and arrest data via laptop computer.

Demonstration of a Concealed Weapons Detection System
Using Electromagnetic Resonances
Akela, Inc.
Alan Hunt
97-IJ-CX-K013
This project is developing a handheld concealed weapons
detection system with potential to detect metal and plastic
weapons beneath clothing.

Development of a Neighborhood Problem-Solving System
Abt Associates Inc.
Marianne Beauregard
97-IJ-CX-K017
This award is developing a neighborhood problem-solving
system for Hartford, Connecticut, that will contain databases
of city agencies, demographic data, and other community
information.

FALCON (Future Alert and Contact Network)
Charlotte (North Carolina) Police Department
Maureen Brown
97-IJ-CX-K004
This project is developing the Future Alert and Contact
Network (FALCON) to predict community problems and
allow the beat officer to be more proactive in community
policing.

Largo Police Department Wireless Internet Project
Largo (Florida) Police Department
Brian McKeon
97-IJ-CX-K002
This grant is implementing a wireless remote data and voice
communications system to link beat officers, investigators,
and the community. Officers will use devices equipped with
wireless cellular modems, keyboards, pen-based
handwriting software, cellular voice communication, and
Web-browsing software, creating a wireless intranet.

Metropolitan Nashville Police Department's Palm Top
Project
Metropolitan Nashville (Tennessee) Police Department 
Ken Peace
97-IJ-CX-K003
This project is creating an onsite system for law enforcement
officers to conduct up-to-date warrant, arrest history, and
stolen vehicle checks; access mug shots; and complete
reports onsite and online. 

Portable Concealed Weapon Detector
Los Angeles County (California) Sheriff's Office
Yu-Wen Chang
97-IJ-CX-K015
This research is developing the prototype of a handheld
device to detect metal or plastic concealed weapons at a
distance of up to 10 feet.

Portable Voice-Command Translation System
Integrated Wave Technologies, Inc.
A. Robert Sabo
96-IJ-CX-K008
This project is designing and fabricating three voice
response translator (VRT) modules that allow officers to
identify a subject's language and translate the officers'
questions and instructions into that language.

Pursuit Management Task Force
Aerospace Corporation
Donald Peterson
96-IJ-CX-K007
This multiagency task force studies operational practices
and procedures, vehicle stopping technologies, legal and
liability issues, policy and doctrine, training, and community
acceptance to accelerate the introduction of safer and more
effective methods of vehicle pursuit.

Seamless Mobile Law Enforcement Computer Network
Virginia Department of State Police
John Furlough
97-IJ-CX-K010
This grant is developing an infrastructure in Virginia to
seamlessly connect different cellular carriers for voice and
data communications. The infrastructure will maximize the
coverage area and minimize the cost of transmission.

Software Development for Intelligence Gathering
Monroe County (Florida) Sheriff's Office
Tyrrell Armstrong
97-IJ-CX-K008
This project is developing and demonstrating a new
information gathering strategy that enables police to collect,
classify, and analyze data based on geographic location. 

Vehicle Stopper Technology Evaluation Program
U.S. Department of the Army
Edward P. Scannell
96-IJ-CX-A047
This program establishes an alliance between the Army
Research Laboratory and NIJ for the evaluation of
electric/electromagnetic vehicle stopper technologies and
concepts for laboratory evaluations.

-------------------------------------------------------

o DNA Identification

Development of Criteria for Model External DNA Proficiency
Testing
University of Illinois--Chicago
Joseph L. Peterson
96-DN-VX-0001
This study investigates the feasibility of developing a blind
external DNA proficiency testing program for 
public and private forensic science laboratories. 

Development of a Rapid, Immobilized Probe Assay for the
Detection of mtDNA Variation
Children's Hospital, Oakland Research Institute
Kathleen H. Gonzalez
96-IJ-CX-0028 
This study is developing a simple and rapid method for
typing mitochondrial DNA sequence variation, known as the
"reverse dot blot" technique, using Polymerase Chain
Reaction (PCR) amplification.

Estimation of Population Structure Parameters
North Carolina State University
Bruce S. Weir
95-IJ-CX-0007 
This project is estimating the standardized variance of allele
frequencies in several types of DNA data to describe the
extent of population substructuring and to show how
substructuring affects estimates of DNA profile frequencies.

Isolation and Characterization of Population-Specific Alleles
University of Pittsburgh
Mark D. Shriver
95-IJ-CX-0008
A database is being developed for estimating the ethnic
affiliation of unknown suspects by typing a random sample
of African-American, Caucasian, and Hispanic residents
from Pennsylvania for the identified markers.

Validation of PCR-Based DNA Typing Databases for
Forensic Use
University of Texas--Houston
Ranajit Chakraborty
96-IJ-CX-0023 
This study is developing automated methods of multilocus
genotype-frequency computations for PCR-based DNA
testing to increase the capabilities of crime laboratories. 

-------------------------------------------------------

o Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program

The awards below represent an ongoing NIJ effort to
enhance the DNA analysis capabilities of State and local
crime laboratories across the country. Projects focus on
installation and upgrade of laboratory equipment,
implementation of a national DNA database, development of
faster methods of DNA typing, and training for analysts.

Alabama: Expansion of the Felon DNA Data Bank Program
Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences
John Hicks
96-IJ-CX-0049

Alaska: Enhancement of DNA Testing Capabilities
Alaska Department of Public Safety, Scientific Crime
Detection Laboratory
George M. Taft, Jr.
96-IJ-CX-0048

Arizona: Enhancement of DNA Testing Capabilities
City of Tucson
Walter Tannert
96-IJ-CX-0032

Arizona: Forensic DNA Enhancement Project
Arizona Department of Public Safety
Susan Narveson
96-IJ-CX-0094

California: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program
California Department of Justice, Bureau of Forensic
Services
Jan Bashinski
97-IJ-CX-0001

Charlotte, North Carolina: Forensic DNA Laboratory 
Improvement Program
City of Charlotte
Roger Thompson
97-IJ-CX-0016

Connecticut: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement
Program
Connecticut Department of Public Safety, Connecticut State
Police
Elaine Pagliaro
97-IJ-CX-0003

Florida: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program
Florida Department of Law 
Enforcement
Dale Heideman
96-IJ-CX-0095

Georgia: Enhancement of DNA Typing
Georgia Bureau of Investigation
George Harrin
96-IJ-CX-0079

Idaho: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program
Idaho Department of Law Enforcement
R. Dan Charboneau
97-DN-VX-0003

Illinois: Expansion of DNA Analysis Capabilities--Illinois
State Police Forensic Sciences Command
Illinois State Police--Springfield
Susan Hart Johns
96-MU-VX-0020

Indiana: DNA STR Evaluation Project
Indianapolis-Marion County Forensic Services Agency
James E. Hamby
96-IJ-CX-0052

Kansas: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program
Kansas Bureau of Investigation
Eileen Burnau
97-IJ-CX-0015

Kansas: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program
Sedgwick County and Wichita Police Department
Consortium
Forrest Davis
96-IJ-CX-0061

Kentucky: Enhancement of Serological Analysis to DNA
Technologies
Kentucky State Police
Lonnie Moert
96-IJ-CX-0041

Maryland: DNA Forensic Laboratory Enhancements
Anne Arundel County
Jane C. Cooke
96-IJ-CX-0038

Maryland: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program
Maryland Department of Public Safety
Louis C. Portis
96-DN-VX-0002

Michigan: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program
Michigan Department of State Police, Forensic Science
Division
Frank Schehr
97-IJ-CX-0004

Minnesota: Development of a PCR Laboratory
Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension
Terry Laber
96-IJ-CX-0043

Missouri: Expansion of DNA Laboratory Program
Missouri State Highway Patrol
Lori Maloney
96-IJ-CX-0040

Montana: DNA Identification Project
Montana Department of Justice
James Streeter
96-IJ-CX-0090

Nebraska: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program
Nebraska State Patrol
John Dietrich
97-DN-VX-0002

New Jersey: Enhancement of STR Capabilities in the New
Jersey Forensic DNA Laboratory
New Jersey Division of Criminal Justice, Department of Law
and Public Safety
Margaret Tarver
96-IJ-CX-0089

New Mexico: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement 
Program
City of Albuquerque
Ann Talbot
96-IJ-CX-0039

New York: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement 
Program
New York Division of Criminal Justice
Carl M. Selavka
97-IJ-CX-0021

North Carolina: Expansion of DNA Services
North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation
Mark Nelson
96-IJ-CX-0062

North Dakota: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement
Program
North Dakota Department of Health
Aaron E. Rash
97-IJ-CX-0012

Pennsylvania: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement
Program
Pennsylvania State Police
Christine Tomsey
96-IJ-CX-0034

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Forensic DNA Laboratory 
Improvement Program
Allegheny County Department of Laboratories
Thomas Meyers
96-IJ-CX-0054

Scottsdale, Arizona: Implementation of a PCR 
Program for the Scottsdale Police Crime Lab
City of Scottsdale
Allen Garrett
96-IJ-CX-0096

South Carolina: DNA Offender Database Program
South Carolina Law Enforcement Division
Matthew G. Fitts
96-IJ-CX-0051

South Dakota: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement 
Program
South Dakota Office of the Attorney General
Rex Riis
96-IJ-CX-0033

Tennesee: Enhancement of the 
Tennessee Bureau of Investigation Forensic DNA
Capabilities
Tennessee Bureau of Investigation, Forensic Services
Division
William Darby
96-IJ-CX-0066

Texas: Forensic DNA Enhancement Project
Texas Department of Public Safety
D. Pat Johnson
96-IJ-CX-0084

Vermont: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program
Vermont Department of Public Safety
Eric Buel
96-IJ-CX-0076

Virginia: Enhancement of Capability to Analyze DNA
Virginia Department of General Services, Division of
Forensic Science
Deanne Dabbs
96-IJ-CX-0059

Washington: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement
Program
Washington State Patrol
James S. Stuart
97-IJ-CX-0008

West Virginia: Enhancement of STR Capabilities in the West
Virginia State Police Crime Laboratory
West Virginia Division of Public Safety
Ted Smith
96-IJ-CX-0055

Wisconsin: Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program
Wisconsin Department of Justice
Jerry Guerts
97-IJ-CX-0002
-------------------------------------------------------

o General Technology Support

Application of Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry to
Trace Evidence Analysis
Lockheed Martin Energy Research, Idaho National
Engineering Laboratory
Gary S. Groenewold
97-LB-VX-A050
This award supports static secondary ion mass spectrometry
(SIMS) analysis for chemical characterization of trace
evidence, focusing on man-made fibers and paint coatings.

Bomb Threat Training Simulator
University of Houston, Office of Sponsored Programs
Christopher Chung
96-IJ-CX-0025 
This project is developing computer-based, first-on-the-scene bomb threat training scenarios to augment
conventional classroom training without exposing trainees to
unsafe conditions.

Collection and Analysis of Explosives Trace Chemical
Evidence
Lockheed Martin Energy Research, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory
Michael E. Sigman
97-LB-VX-A052
New materials and methods--surface wipes and sorbents--are being developed for the sampling and analysis 
of trace chemical evidence, including pre- and postblast
explosive residue from surfaces.

Containment Devices for Small Terrorist Bombs
JAYCOR Defense Sciences Group
Herman H. Klein
97-DT-CX-K001
Because current methods of bomb disposal are dangerous,
this award supports development and evaluation of a new
design for a low-cost, lightweight, easily transportable, blast-resistant container for law enforcement to store and
transport bombs. 

Demonstration of Orthophotographic 
Representation and Analysis
University of Maryland--Baltimore 
Keith D. Harries
97-LB-VX-K004
This award is using orthophotography, a digital geography
technology, to enable police officers and community
residents to photographically visualize crime and other
relevant social and environmental data. 

Detection and Classification of Concealed Weapons Using 
Magnetic Gradient Measurements
U.S. Department of Energy, Idaho National Engineering
Laboratory
Jonathan Nadler
95-IJ-CX-A027
This project is using magnetic gradient measurement
techniques in the design and fabrication of a prototype
passive sensor system for detecting and classifying
concealed weapons carried by individuals.

Determination of the Comparative Ballistics of Enhanced
Threat Weapons
University of Denver, Colorado Seminary
Deborah Bradford
95-IJ-CX-K004
This project is developing a reasonable spectrum or matrix
best suited for comparative ballistics data of enhanced
threat weapons. The project is designing an experimental
program that will determine the comparative ballistics 
of enhanced threat weapons in law enforcement and
corrections settings.

Development of Advanced Wireless Technology Standards
Association of Public Safety Communications Officials 
International, Inc.
Craig M. Jorgensen
97-LB-VX-K002
This award supports development of a series of technical,
land mobile, narrow-band voice and data standards to
enhance the capabilities of public safety agencies to access
information and reduce inquiry response time.

Development of Capillary Electrophoresis for Application in
Forensics DNA Testing Procedure
University of Virginia
Ralph Allen
93-IJ-CX-0030
This study examines sequence polymorphisms from
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to answer the questions of
genetic variability in racial and ethnic subpopulations. The
research also makes improvements to mtDNA sequence
databases and evaluates genetic mutation rates.

Domestic Violence Electronic Monitoring Project in San
Diego
Science Applications International Corporation
Sid Chillcott
97-IJ-CX-K014
This project is evaluating a specially configured electronic
monitor for domestic violence offenders to determine its
effectiveness in preventing further violence, its impact on the
courts and enforcement agencies, and its utility in enforcing
court-issued protection orders.

DOD-DOJ Joint Program Steering Group, Concealed
Weapons Detection
U.S. Department of the Navy
Jerry A. Koenig
97-IJ-CX-A013
This project continues support for concealed weapons
detection technology initiatives undertaken by the U.S.
Department of Defense-Department of Justice Joint Program
Steering Group. 

DOD-DOJ Joint Program Steering Group, Counterterrorism 
U.S. Department of Defense
David Fields
97-IJ-CX-A025
This award supports engineering and technical assistance to
the counterterrorism technology initiatives undertaken by the
U.S. Department of Defense-Department of Justice Joint
Program Steering Group. 

Effectiveness of Helicopters in Police Pursuit
University of South Carolina
Geoffrey P. Alpert
93-IJ-CX-0061 
This project is examining apprehension rates, injuries,
complaints, and other consequences of using helicopters in
pursuit of suspects in Baltimore, Maryland. 

Estimation of the Postmortem Interval From Entomological
Evidence
University of Florida--Gainesville
Jon C. Allen
97-LB-VX-0001
This project is developing forensic methods for using insect
faunal observations at crime scenes to estimate time of
death. 

Face Recognition Technology for Internet Based Gang
Tracking
Visionics Corporation
Norman A. Redlich
97-LB-VX-K007
This award is developing database software to compare new
images with existing images in the database to match and
identify subjects. 

Facilitation of Domestic and International Technology
Partnerships in Counterterrorism Efforts
Eagan, McAllister Associates, Inc.
Robert Greenberg
96-LB-VX-K008
This award supports the development of NIJ partnerships
with technology and law enforcement organizations that can
work together with NIJ on counter-terrorism efforts. 

Field Evaluation of the System for the Effective Control of
Urban Environment Security (SECURES)
University of Cincinnati
Lorraine Green Mazerolle
96-MU-MU-0018
This project is evaluating the impact in Dallas of SECURES,
which uses technology developed for the military to detect
and report the location of gunshots in an urban environment.
The research is documenting partnership-building efforts
among the Dallas Police Department, Alliant Techsystems,
Inc., and the local community.

Handheld Remote Concealed Weapons Detector
JAYCOR Defense Sciences Group
Franklin S. Felber
97-LB-VX-K008
This project is developing a handheld remote concealed
weapons detector that will enable law enforcement officers
to detect metallic and nonmetallic weapons concealed
beneath clothing up to 20 feet away.

Hazardous Devices Training Tool
U.S. Department of the Navy
Walter H. Ott
97-DT-CX-A044
This project is developing a computer-based training course
for bomb technicians for use by the Federal Bureau of
Investigation, Explosive Unit-Bomb Data Center, to support
State and local law enforcement agencies.

Health Hazard Assessment for Kinetic Energy Impact
Weapons
U.S. Department of the Army
Gregory J. Argyros
97-LB-VX-A024
This award provides support, assistance, and resources to
the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command to
assess nonlethal blunt impact munitions and delivery
systems for health hazard effects. 

Immigration and Naturalization Service Tire Deflator 
Development: Phase 3 Follow-On
Eagle Research Group, Inc.
John Rhines
97-IJ-CX-K001
This project is designing and fabricating prototype
lightweight tire deflation devices capable of being remotely
activated to stop fleeing vehicles at security checkpoints.

Law Enforcement Technology Commercialization at the
National Technology Transfer Center
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Jonathan Root
95-IJ-CX-A017 
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration and NIJ
are teaming with the National Technology Transfer Center to
provide the law enforcement, corrections, and criminal
justice communities with effective resources for transferring
and commercializing technology.

Massively Parallel DNA Typing by Capillary Array
Electrophoresis (CAE)
Regents of the University of California--Berkeley
George Sensabaugh
93-IJ-CX-0010
This project adapts the CAE technology to criminal justice
DNA testing for a variety of markers, including short tandem
repeats, and enables the criminal justice system to rapidly
generate large numbers of DNA profiles.

Medicolegal Death Investigator Guidelines and Training
Project
Occupational Research and Assessment, Inc.
Steven C. Clark
96-MU-CX-0005 
This project is developing national guidelines for death
investigations, criteria for training death investigators, and
model legislation for State adoption.

Microchip DNA Fingerprinting Devices
Lockheed Martin Energy Research, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory
J. Michael Ramsey
97-LB-VX-A063
This project is developing a "laboratory-on-a-chip"
technology to address the common problems in forensic
DNA analysis of high cost, lengthy analysis times, and the
potential for sample contamination.

Mitochondrial DNA Variation in North American Populations
of Forensic Interest
Pennsylvania State University
Mark Stoneking
92-IJ-CX-K040
This project continues a study to type mitochondrial DNA
(mtDNA) in five geographical subpopulations of four groups
(Caucasians, African-Americans, Hispanics, and Asians) to
determine the extent and forensic significance of mtDNA
subpopulation heterogeneity; ascertain whether any
significant association exists between mtDNA types and
genotypes at other loci used forensically; and increase the
size of the mtDNA database.

National Center for Arson and Explosion Research
University of Central Florida
William McGee
97-DN-VX-0001
This award is creating a forensic laboratory to study terrorist
use of arson and explosives as tools of death and
destruction. 

Naval Command, Control, and Ocean Surveillance Inservice
Engineering Laboratory--East Coast Division (NISE-E)
Technical Programs
U.S Department of the Navy
Steve Morrison
97-LB-VX-A043
This award supports research and development for the U.S.
Navy's Portable Power Source Project and program
management for its Concealed Weapons Detection
Program.

New Radio Location Technology for Electronic Monitoring of
Offenders in the Community
Signatron Technology Corporation
Steen A. Parl
97-LB-VX-K003
This project is studying the feasibility of using technology
based on radio location techniques with continuous location
and tracking capability as an alternative to conventional,
electronic monitoring house arrest.

NIJ Surplus Property Program
Ultimate Enterprise Limited
Michael Simpson
96-LB-VX-K002
This project is developing procedures for locating, selecting,
storing, repairing, and transferring select Department of
Defense surplus property to State and local law enforcement
and corrections agencies. 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory Forensic Sciences Program
U.S. Department of Energy
Susan Heiser
96-LB-VX-A043
This award supports the establishment of a Department of
Energy-NIJ forensic laboratory alliance for law enforcement.

Rapid DNA Typing by Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry
Lockheed Martin Energy Research, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory
C.H. Winston Chenn
97-LB-VX-A047
This award supports development of a faster, more cost-effective approach to DNA typing using laser desorption
mass spectrometry (LDMS) with improved resolution and
sensitivity.

Regional Gang Information System: Phase I
Police Executive Research Forum
Clifford Karchmer
96-LB-VX-K007
This project is conducting an initial demonstration of the
Massachusetts Lotus Notes application to determine
whether it can be used to establish a National Gang
Tracking Network and is reviewing the legal and regulatory
requirements that could impact the design, operation, and
use of such a network.

Sandia National Laboratories Test Facility
Sandia National Laboratories
Debra D. Spencer
97-LB-VX-A004
This award supports the establishment of a facility for testing
both commercial and new prototype equipment, including
the detection of explosives and drugs.

SkyTracker Surveillance System
National Systems and Research Company
Paul Scheffer
96-IJ-CX-K006 
This project is integrating the U.S. Department of Defense's
Global Positioning System, a commercial communications
satellite system, and miniaturized remote location sensors to
covertly monitor the vehicles of suspected criminals.

Smart Gun Development and Prototype
Colt's Manufacturing Company, Inc.
Douglas G. Overbury
97-LB-VX-K006
This award supports redesign of the Smart Gun Evaluation
Prototype 1 to incorporate a smaller transponder, an
integrated power supply and RF module in the grip, a laser
aiming device, an improved blocking device, and a small
onboard diagnostic display. 

Systems Engineering and Technical Assistance for the
National Institute of Justice, Office of Science and
Technology
U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Support Office
Carl F. Kiele
96-LB-VX-A038
This award supports program and technical management,
planning and oversight, and systems engineering and
technical evaluation for NIJ's science and technology
programs. 

Technical Requirements for Implementation of Technology
Information Network and Technical Support
U.S. Department of the Navy
Steve Morrison
95-IJ-CX-A016
This project provides resources, advice, and
recommendations on the technical requirements for
implementation in the first phase of construction of a hub
Technology Information Network for the National Law
Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers.

Technology Assessment Program
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of
Standards and Technology
Kathleen M. Higgins
94-IJ-CX-A004
This award continues support for projects developed under
the Technology Assessment Program, such as DNA PCR
standards, laboratory accreditation, armor piercing
ammunition testing, trauma plate testing, less-than-lethal
technologies technical support, and integrated systems
digital network standards. 

Testing the Reliability of Animal Models in Research and
Training Programs in Forensic Entomology
Louisiana Tech University
James D. Liberatos
94-IJ-CX-0039
This study authenticates a currently used method for
determining the post mortem interval by scientifically testing
the yet unsupported claim that the domestic pig is a reliable
human surrogate in forensic entomology.

Two-Dimensional Concrete Penetrating Imaging Radar
Hughes Missile Systems Company
Larry M. Fraizer
97-DT-CX-K002
This project is testing and evaluating two-dimensional,
concrete penetrating imaging radar, which can reveal
objects on the other side of high-density walls or structures.
The imaging radar is being tested and evaluated under
typical law enforcement field conditions. 

Working With Technology in Corrections
American Correctional Association
John J. Greene
96-LB-VX-K004
This award is identifying, locating, and evaluating methods
used to purchase correctional technologies. It also supports
a conference to introduce manufacturers and suppliers to a
cross-section of practitioners who will share their
experiences with and expectations of the costs of
technology.

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o Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers

NIJ's National Law Enforcement and Corrections
Technology Center and its regional centers offer centralized
sources of product and technology information, assessment,
and referral services to law enforcement, corrections, and
other criminal justice professionals. NIJ also supports a
Border Research and Technology Center that focuses on
developing and enhancing border control. 

National Headquarters--Rockville, Maryland: National Law
Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center
Aspen Systems Corporation
Marc H. Caplan
96-MU-MU-K011, 96-IJ-CX-K001

Northeastern Region--Rome, New York: National Law
Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center
U.S. Air Force, Rome Laboratory
John A. Ritz 
95-IJ-CX-A040, 96-IJ-CX-A032 

Rocky Mountain Region--Denver, Colorado: National Law
Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center
University of Denver, Colorado Seminary
Jim Keller
95-IJ-CX-K004, 96-MU-MU-K012

San Diego, California: Border Research and Technology
Center
U.S. Department of the Navy, 
Naval Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Center
Aerospace Corporation
Robert M. Pentz
Sandia National Laboratories
Debbie Spencer and Chris Aldridge
96-IJ-CX-A036, 96-MU-MU-K006
95-IJ-CX-K005

Southeast Region--Charleston, South Carolina: National
Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center
U.S. Department of the Navy, Naval Electronic Systems
Engineering Center
Ronald L. Polkowsky
South Carolina Research Authority
Tommy Sexton
96-IJ-CX-A010, 96-LB-VX-K005

Western Region--El Segundo, California: National Law 
Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center
Aerospace Corporation 
Robert M. Pentz 
96-MU-MU-K006

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o Less-Than-Lethal Technology

Pepper Spray Projectile Disperser
Delta Defense, Inc.
Roy Kelly
97-MU-MU-K011
This award supports design and testing of an improved
projectile capable of dispersing oleoresin capsicum (pepper
spray) for use in hostage, barricade, and tactical assault
situations. 

Policy Assessment Panel
SEASKATE, Inc.
E.A. Burkhalter
96-MU-MU-K016, 95-IJ-CX-K001
A policy and technology assessment panel is identifying
promising law enforcement and corrections technologies
from the defense, intelligence, and private sector arenas in
the short and long terms, as well as best approaches in
introducing them to the criminal justice community.

Technology Liability Task Group
SEASKATE, Inc.
E.A. Burkhalter
96-LB-VX-K006, 95-IJ-CX-K006
This award addresses science and the law and assesses
and makes recommendations regarding liability issues that
might arise from deployment of new technologies.

NCJ 166374

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The National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office
of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of
Justice Assistance, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and
the Office for Victims of Crime.

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