CRUISE REPORT

HUDSON 99022

LABRADOR SEA

WOCE LINE AR7W

27 June - 13 July, 1999

CRUISE NARRATIVE

Highlights

WOCE Designation:
WOCE Line AR7W
Atlantic Circulation Experiment

Expedition Designation:
Hudson 99022

Chief Scientist:
R. Allyn Clarke
Ocean Sciences Division
Department of Fisheries and Oceans
Bedford Institute of Oceanography
PO Box 1006
Dartmouth, NS, Canada B2Y 2A4
Internet  clarkea@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Ship:
CCGS Hudson

Ports of Call:
June 27   BIO, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
July 13   BIO, Dartmouth, NS, Canada

Cruise Dates:
June 27 to July 13, 1998


2.   Cruise Summary Information

a.   Cruise Track 

A cruise track is shown in Figure 1*.  Ship position at 0000Z on each day of 
the cruise is indicated with a date label.  

The WOCE cruise station summary file outlines the science operations conducted 
during the cruise.  Note that additional cast types have been defined as:  NET 
- Biological net tow;  AGT - alongtrack temperature-salinity measurements;  
SAP - alongtrack shipboard ADCP measurements; GOF - GO Flow bottle cast; PMP - 
pump cast;  MNT - Biological multinet cast; CLG - Challenger pump cast.  As 
well, additional time codes have been defined as: BD - Begin Descent; EA - End 
Ascent.  These codes are used during Lowered ADCP casts.  Finally, in the 
Comment section of the SUM file there is frequent mention of operation notes 
indicated by "Op Note".  These notes will be included in the final cruise 
report.

Figure 1*.  Cruise track for 18HU99022/1.  The date labels indicate the ships 
	    position at 0000Z.

Additional parameter codes have also been defined and appear in the parameter 
column of the WOCE SUM file.  These codes are:  510 - extracted chlorophyll; 
511 - phytoplankton count; 512 - High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC); 
513 - Absorption Spectra; 515 - Thorium (234-Th); 516 - Protactinium (231-Pa); 517 - Iodine (129-I)  ; 518 - Technetium (99 -Tc).  Sections that follow in 
the cruise report describe these measurements.

b.   Total Number of Stations Occupied

The CTD and ROS station positions are shown in Figure 2*.  The WHP stations 
are all contained in the box defined by 50-62N and 43-60W.  Table 1 lists 
the science operations for 99022.

Cast		Number of	Detailed Division			Operation Numbers
Type		Operations
Rosette		56		27 regular AR7W Sites plus Site 8.5	see Table 2
& CTD
				7 Halifax Line Sites			see Table 3
				2 Seacat Calibrations			61 (also in Table 2), 147
				19 Biology Casts			32,35,56,70,71,84,87,90,
									99,109,111,112,124,126,
									134,137,145,152,154
				1 Basin test				1
			
Moorings	5		2 recoveries				58, 144
				2 deployments				59, 146
				1 release test				136
			
Biology		72		64 shallow net tows			4-6,8-10,12-14,16-
									18,20,21,22,24,28,31,
									34,36,37,39,41,43,45,47,49,
									51,55,60,67,72,74,78,79,85,89,
									95,98,102,
									103,105,106,110,119,121,123,
									125,128,130,131,135,139,140,
									148,150,151,153,155-160
				8 multinet tows				26,30,69,100,108,133,
									142,143
			
Chemistry	25		8 Challenger Pump deployments at	57,64,76,83,92,96,113,
				4 locations				118
				10 Go-Flo casts at 5 locations		33 (test), 53,54,63,66,
									82,91,94,97,115
				7 surface pump casts at 4 locations	27 (test), 62,65,77,81,
									114,117
				I, Tc sampling at CTD locations		38,42,46,50,52,56,70,73,
									75,80,86,87,88,141,138,
									137,93,99,132,134,104,
									129,107,109,126,112,124,
									120
				Th, Pa sampling at CTD locations	38,42,46,50,52,68,70,86,
									87,129,134,107,109,112,
									116,124,120

Table 1.  Science operations conducted on 18HU99022/1. 


Cast	Number of	Detailed Division		Operation Numbers
Type	Operations		
Other	  2		Ship Board ADCP				2
			Along track t, s, and fluorescence	3

Table 1.  Science operations conducted on 18HU99022/1. 


AR7W Site Number	99022 Deep Cast Operation Number 
1			38
2			40
3			42
4			44
5			46
6			48
7			50
8			52
8.5			149
9			61
10			68
11			73
12			75
13			80
14			86
15			88
16			141
17			138
18			93
19			101
20			132
21			104
22			129
23			107
24			127
25			116
26			122
27			120
28			not occupied

Table 2.  AR7W sites and rosette operation numbers for 18HU99022/1.

Figure 2*.  CTD, rosette and LADCP station positions on for Hudson 
	    18HU99022/1.

Halifax Line Number	99022 Deep Cast Operation Number
1			7
2			11
3			15
4			19
5			23
6			25
7			29

Table 3.  Halifax Line sites and rosette operation numbers for 18HU99022/1.

Along AR7W, the stations were full depth WHP small volume rosette casts with 
up to 24 rosette bottles.  Depending on the station, water samples were 
analyzed for CFC's, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, total carbonate, 
alkalinity, oxygen, salinity, nutrients, oxygen isotopes, helium and tritium. 
On some casts, chemistry isotope sampling was also conducted for iodine, 
technetium, protactinium and thorium.

c.   Floats and Drifters deployed

No floats or drifters were deployed.

d.   Moorings deployed or recovered
				
A total of 5 mooring related operations, consisting of 2 deployments, 2 
recoveries and 1 release test were conducted at various sites.  The following 
summarizes the mooring operations.

Deployments:

1	M1326 standard mooring consisting of one current meter positioned 20m 
	off bottom along AR7W on the Labrador Slope (12-month deployment) along 
	the 1000m isobath.

1	M1325 multi-instrument mooring near OWS Bravo on AR7W.  This mooring 
	consisted of 4 microcats, 3 Seacat temperature/conductivity recorders, and 
	6 Aanderaa current meters

Recoveries:

1	M1276 standard mooring consisting of one current meter positioned 20m 
	off bottom along AR7W on the Labrador Slope (12 month deployment) along 
	the 1000m isobath.  This mooring was deployed on 18HU98023.

	M1275 multi-instrument mooring near OWS Bravo on AR7W.  This mooring 
	consisted of 7 Seacat temperature/conductivity recorders, 6 Aanderaa 
	current meters, and 3 SBE39 (two with temperature and one with temperature 
	and pressure). This mooring was deployed on 18HU98023.

3.   List of Principal Investigators

Name		Affiliation			Responsibility
Allyn Clarke	BIO				Senior scientist
		clarkea@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca	Overall co-ordination
Bob Gershey	BDR Research			Alkalinity, carbonate, CFC's
		rgershey@fox.nstn.ns.ca	
Glen Harrison	BIO				Coordinator biological program
		harrisong@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca	nitrate and ammonium
						utilization by phytoplankton
Erica Head	BIO				Macrozooplankton distribution,
		heade@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca		abundance and metabolism
Robert Houghton	LDEO				Oxygen isotopes
		houghton@ldeo.columbia.edu	
Paul Kepkay	BIO				Dissolved organic carbon,
		kepkayp@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca	colloid chemistry and 
						plankton respiration
Peter Jones	BIO				Alkalinity, carbonate, CFC's
		jonesp@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca	
John Lazier	BIO				CTD data, moored instrument
		lazierj@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca	data
Bill Li		BIO				Pico-plankton distribution and
		lib@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca		abundance, bacteria
Robert Pickart	WHOI				Lowered ADCP
		pickart@rsp.whoi.edu	
Peter Rhines	UW				Moored instrument data
		rhines@killer.ocean.washington.edu	
John Smith	BIO				Chemistry isotopes
		smithjn@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca	

Table 4.  List of Principal Investigators.  See Section 7 for addresses.

4.   Scientific Program and Methods

4.1  Physical - Chemical Program

a. Narrative

This expedition was conducting operations in support of three ongoing 
scientific initiatives.

The first initiative is in support of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the 
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation Principal Research Areas of the Climate 
Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) project of the World Climate Research 
Programme (WCRP).  The occupation of the Labrador Sea section and the recovery 
and replacement of the two Labrador Sea moorings provide a measure of the 
winter cooling and water mass transformations over the winters of 1998/99 and 
1999/2000.

The second initiative is the Labrador Sea project of the Canadian Joint Global 
Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS).  The biological program is designed to characterize 
the late spring biological processes in the Labrador Sea and its shelf regions. 
The purposes of the program are to determine the role of the biological pump 
to sequester carbon and to develop the regional algorithms that will allow 
primary productivity estimates to be made using data from Ocean Colour 
satellite sensors such as Sea Wifs. The physical oceanographic program is 
observing total carbonate, alkalinity and CFC's over the entire water column in 
support of these JGOFS objectives.

The third objective is to occupy the Halifax Section in support of DFO Atlantic 
Zone's monitoring strategy.

During this cruise, an ADCP was added to the CTD/rosette package to provide an 
estimate of the full depth velocity profile at each CTD station.  This data 
will be useful for the detection and definition of various subsurface currents 
such as the deep western boundary undercurrents.


4.2   Biological Program

a.	Narrative

The biological program conducted as part of cruise 99022, with some 
modifications, was a continuation of studies began in 1994 to describe the 
large scale (spatial and temporal) variability in plankton biomass and 
productivity in the Labrador Sea.  

The program has consisted of essentially four elements: 
(1)	a phytoplankton biomass/primary productivity program - conducted most 
	years by Jeff Anning (this year included Brian Irwin), 
(2)	a microbial program conducted by Bill Li or Paul Dickie, 
(3)	a mesozooplankton program conducted by Erica Head or Les Harris (this 
	year including Tim Perry) and 
(4)	a dissolved organic carbon/community respiration program conducted by 
	Paul Kepkay or Jay Bugden.  

The ultimate aim of these studies is twofold: 
(1)	to provide a description of the inventories of biogenic carbon in the 
	Labrador Sea, their turnover rates and variability in space and time as part 
	of OSD's continuing climate-studies and
(2)	to provide a description of plankton life-cycles and productivity in the 
	Labrador Sea and its influence or contribution to ecosystems downstream in 
	support of OSD's fisheries-related research.  

New studies during this cruise included a more detailed investigation of 
microbial plankton (pico-phytoplankton, bacteria and viruses), measurements of 
phytoplankton utilization of nitrate and ammonium and more detailed studies of 
deep meso/macrozooplankton populations using the Multinet system.

In addition to the Labrador Sea study, phytoplankton, mesozooplankton and 
nutrient samples were collected at the seven stations along the Halifax line 
and three zooplankton tows were taken on the Cabot Strait line in support of 
OSD's obligations to the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program.


b.  Stable Isotope Studies of Carbon and Nitrogen (nitrate and ammonium) 
    Utilization by Phytoplankton			Glen Harrison

This work represents a continuation of research begun in 1994 to determine the 
primary productivity (in terms of carbon and nitrogen) of phytoplankton in the 
Labrador Sea.  Carbon (CO2), nitrate and ammonium utilization rates from eight 
depths in the photic zone (i.e. the 1% light level ranged from 35-60 m) were 
determined using stable isotope tracer (13-C and 15-N) methods.  Incubations 
experiments were carried out in on-deck 'simulated in-situ' incubators.  At a 
few stations, 14-C incubations were done for comparison.  A total of 14 
experiments were conducted (see Table 5); 10 stations were occupied along the 
AR7/W line and four in transit to and from the line.  Four of the stations 
occupied were those where the chemistry in-situ pumps were deployed.  Carbon-
based primary productivity rates at these locations will be compared with 
vertical fluxes of particulate biogenic carbon derived from the thorium/carbon 
analyses to estimate fraction biogenic carbon export in the region.

Date		Site		Operation	LAT (N)	 LON (W)   Photic Depth	15N/13C	14C
				Number					(m)	
29-Jun-99	LL3		32		45.48	-59.51		50	x	
30-Jun-99	NE-GSL#1	35		49.74	-59.39		50	x	
1-Jul-99	L3_1		38		53.68	-55.54		45	x	
2-Jul-99	L3_9		56		55.26	-53.97		35	x	
3-Jul-99	L3_10		70		55.42	-53.82		45	x	
4-Jul-99	L3_13		84		56.12	-53.05		40	x	
5-Jul-99	L3_18		90		58.20	-50.88		50	x	x
6-Jul-99	L3_19		99		58.63	-50.42		45	x	x
7-Jul-99	L3_25		111		60.29	-48.56		60	x	x
8-Jul-99	L3_24		126		60.17	-48.68		60	x	x
9-Jul-99	L3_17		137		57.82	-51.34		50	x	x
10-Jul-99	Mooring		145		56.72	-52.48		40	x	x
		1275
11-Jul-99	Hamilton	152		54.08	-54.51		55	x	
		Bank	
12-Jul-99	NE-GSL#2	154		49.71	-58.41		40	x	

Table 5.  Sampling for stable isotopes.


c.  Zooplankton Sampling					L. Harris

The zooplankton sampling is part of an ongoing program, the aim of which is to 
investigate the distribution, abundance and life history of the major 
zooplankton groups found in the Labrador Sea and its associated shelf systems. 
Particular emphasis is placed on the copepod species of the Calanus genus, 
which dominate the zooplankton in this region.

Vertical net tows were taken at 42 stations (11 on or near the Scotian Shelf, 
2 in the Gulf and 29 from the Labrador Shelf/Labrador Sea) using a 3/4 meter 
200 um mesh ring net. At all stations, tows were made from 100 meters to the 
surface. Additional stratified deep tows (2500 meters to the surface) were 
taken at 7 of the stations (1 off the Scotian Shelf and 6 in the Labrador Sea) 
using a multinet. Samples will be analysed for species composition, copepod 
stage structure and biomass.  Vertical net tow and multinet tow locations are 
shown in Figure 3*.

d.  Measurements Of Copepod Metabolic Rates			L. Harris

Respiration rates (CO2 production) of the copepod communities were determined 
at 7 stations in the Labrador Sea.

Egg production rates of Calanus finmarchicus, the dominant copepod species, 
were measured at 6 stations in the Labrador Sea.

Figure 3*.  Net tow and multinet tow locations for 18HU99022/1.

e.  Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and			Jay Bugden /
    Microbial Community Respiration			Paul Kepkay

Samples for DOC profiles, size fractionation of DOC (ultrafiltration) and 
microbial community respiration were collected at 27 sites on the AR7W line 
(see Table 6).  Ultrafiltration and rates of respiration of seawater samples 
were carried out at the time of collection (the ultrafiltration samples were 
frozen for later laboratory analysis), while samples for the DOC profiles were 
collected and frozen for later analysis.

Station			Respiration	Ultrafiltration	  DOC Profile
Site 1 (AR7W Line)	X		X		  X
Site 2							  X
Site 3							  X
Site 4			X		X		  X
Site 5							  X
Site 6							  X
Site 7							  X
Site 8							  X
Site 9			X		X		  X
Site 10			X		X		  X
Site 11							  X
Site 12							  X
Site 13			X		X		  X
Site 14							  X
Site 15							  X
Site 16							  X
Site 17			X		X		  X
Site 18			X		X		  X
Site 19			X		X		  X
Site 20							  X
Site 21							  X
Site 22							  X
Site 23							  X
Site 24			X		X		  X
Site 25			X		X		  X
Site 26							  X
Site 27							  X

Table 6.  Ultrafiltration, respiration and DOC sample collection.


f.  Primary Production Measurements		Brian Irwin / Jeff Anning

Photosynthesis Irradiance (PI) measurements were done at fourteen (14) 
stations - one at Louisbourg Line 3, two in the Gulf of St Lawrence, one on 
Hamilton Bank and ten on AR7W (Table 7).  Water samples were collected from 
three depths in the upper 40 meters of the water column. Depth selection 
depended on the depth of the chlorophyll maximum and the shape of the 
chlorophyll profile.  High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and 
Absorption Spectra samples were also collected at these depths.

At seven of the PI stations on AR7W water column primary production was 
measured with C-14 at eight depths using deck incubators. These results will be 
compared with estimates of primary production measured with C-13 at the same 
depths.

At all fourteen stations chlorophyll and CO2 samples were collected at 10 
metre interval from 100m to surface where depth permitted. 

Station		Operation  ID	 Depth	Latitude	Longitude	Date
Label		Number			  (N)		  (W)
LL3		32	 213544	  10	45 29.06	59 30.50	29-Jun-99
LL3		32	 213542	  20	45 29.06	59 30.50	29-Jun-99
LL3		32	 213538	  50	45 29.06	59 30.50	29-Jun-99
Gulf		35	 213563	  10	49 44.99	59 23.65	30-Jun-99
Gulf		35	 213561	  20	49 44.99	59 23.65	30-Jun-99
Gulf		35	 213558	  40	49 44.99	59 23.65	30-Jun-99
AR7W 01		38	 213585	  10	53 40.76	55 32.95	01-Jul-99
AR7W 01		38	 213582	  20	53 40.76	55 32.95	01-Jul-99
AR7W 01		38	 213579	  40	53 40.76	55 32.95	01-Jul-99
AR7W 09		56	 213723	  10	55 16.06	53 58.60	02-Jul-99
AR7W 09		56	 213721	  20	55 16.06	53 58.60	02-Jul-99
AR7W 09		56	 213718	  30	55 16.06	53 58.60	02-Jul-99
AR7W 10		70	 213788	  10	55 25.07	53 49.82	03-Jul-99
AR7W 10		70	 213786	  20	55 25.07	53 49.82	03-Jul-99
AR7W 10		70	 213784	  30	55 25.07	53 49.82	03-Jul-99
AR7W 13		84	 213884	  10	56 05.00	53 03.87	04-Jul-99
AR7W 13		84	 213882	  20	56 05.00	53 03.87	04-Jul-99
AR7W 13		84	 213879	  30	56 05.00	53 03.87	04-Jul-99
Flo Thru		 191944	   4	57 53.75	51 13.23	05-Jul-99
AR7W 18		90	 213975	  10	58 12.80	50 53.76	05-Jul-99
AR7W 18		90	 213973	  20	58 12.80	50 53.76	05-Jul-99
AR7W 18		90	 213969	  40	58 12.80	50 53.76	05-Jul-99
AR7W 19		99	 214023	  10	58 38.05	50 25.84	06-Jul-99
AR7W 19		99	 214021	  20	58 38.05	50 25.84	06-Jul-99
AR7W 19		99	 214018	  40	58 38.05	50 25.84	06-Jul-99
AR7W 25		111	 214135	  10	60 18.14	48 34.45	07-Jul-99
AR7W 25		111	 214133	  20	60 18.14	48 34.45	07-Jul-99
AR7W 25		111	 214129	  40	60 18.14	48 34.45	07-Jul-99
AR7W 24		126	 214244	   5	60 10.76	48 34.45	08-Jul-99
AR7W 24		126	 214239	  10	60 10.76	48 34.45	08-Jul-99
AR7W 24		126	 214236	  20	60 10.76	48 34.45	08-Jul-99
AR7W 22		129	 210502	   0	59 45.06	49 10.01	08-Jul-99
AR7W 17		137	 214359	  10	57 49.81	51 21.18	09-Jul-99
AR7W 17		137	 214355	  30	57 49.81	51 21.18	09-Jul-99
AR7W 17		137	 214353	  40	57 49.81	51 21.18	09-Jul-99
Mooring		145	 214428	  10	56 43.47	52 28.83	10-Jul-99
Mooring		145	 214426	  20	56 43.47	52 28.83	10-Jul-99
Mooring		145	 214424	  30	56 43.47	52 28.83	10-Jul-99
Ham Bank	152	 214449	  10	54 04.98	54 30.91	11-Jul-99
Ham Bank	152	 214447	  20	54 04.98	54 30.91	11-Jul-99
Ham Bank	152	 214445	  25	54 04.98	54 30.91	11-Jul-99
Gulf		154	 214463	   5	49 24.75	58 24.49	12-Jul-99
Gulf		154	 214461	  10	49 24.75	58 24.49	12-Jul-99
Gulf		154	 214459	  20	49 24.75	58 24.49	12-Jul-99

Table 7.  Sampling for primary production.

g.  Distribution of Microbial Plankton				William Li

Samples were collected from the CTD rosette for cryogenic preservation and for 
onboard shipboard flow cytometric enumeration of microbial plankton (Table 8). 
Plankton were fixed using 1% paraformaldehyde and then cryogenically stored 
in liquid nitrogen.  These samples will be analyzed on shore for abundance of 
picophytoplankton, heterotrophic bacteria, and viruses.  Picophytoplankton are 
detected on the basis of autofluorescence from chlorophyll a and from 
phycoerythrin.  Heterotrophic bacteria and viruses are detected after staining 
with the nucleic acid binding fluorochrome SYBR Green 1.  Preliminary 
examination using shipboard flow cytometry has revealed high abundances of 
heterotrophic bacteria (up to 3 million cells per millilitre) in the upper 
mixed layer of the central Labrador Sea.

Event	Station		Cast		Samples	 Cyro-storage	Picophytoplankton	Bacteria
7	Hfx-1		Shallow		9		X		X
11	Hfx-2		Shallow		9		X		X
15	Hfx-3		Shallow		13		X
19	Hfx-4		Shallow		8		X		X
23	Hfx-5		Shallow		9		X		X
25	Hfx-6		Shallow		8		X		X
29	Hfx-7		Deep		23		X		X
32	Louisburg-3	Shallow		14		X		X
35			Shallow		10		X		X		   X
38	L3-01		Shallow		14		X		X		   X
40	L3-02		Shallow		12		X				   X
42	L3-03		Shallow		13		X				   X
44	L3-04		Shallow		11		X				   X
46	L3-05		Shallow		15		X
48	L3-06		Shallow		14		X
50	L3-07		Deep		18		X
52	L3-08		Deep		23		X
56	L3-09		Shallow		17		X		X		   X
61	L3-09		Deep		18		X
68	L3-10		Deep		24		X				   X
70	L3-10		Shallow		16		X		X		   X
73	L3-11		Deep		18		X
75	L3-12		Deep		22		X
80	L3-13		Deep		23		X				   X
84	L3-13		Shallow		17		X		X		   X
88	L3-15		Deep		24		X
90	L3-18		Shallow		16		X		X		   X
93	L3-18		Deep		24		X				   X
99	L3-19		Shallow		16		X		X		   X
101	L3-19		Deep		24		X
104	L3-21		Deep		24		X
107	L3-23		Deep		15		X				   X
109	L3-23		Shallow		19		X				   X
111	L3-25		Shallow		12		X		X		   X
119	L3-28		Shallow		6		X				   X
121	L3-27		Shallow		6		X				   X
123	L3-26		Deep		17		X				   X
126	L3-24		Shallow		11		X		X		   X
127	L3-24		Deep		24		X				   X
132	L3-20		Deep		19		X				   X
133	L3-20		Shallow		15		X				   X
137	L3-17		Shallow		13		X		X		   X
138	L3-17		Deep		24		X
140	L3-16		Deep		24		X				   X
145	M-1275		Shallow		15		X		X		   X
152	HamiltonBank	Shallow		14		X		X		   X
154	GukfStLawr	Shallow		10		X		X		   X

Table 8.  Sampling for microbial plankton.


h.  Metals and Radioisotopes Sampling Program			H. Edmonds, 
								J. Dalziel, R. Nelson

Samples for dissolved and particulate metals, isotopes and particulate organic 
carbon were collected at several stations during this expedition.  The data 
will be used to determine the flux of particulate metals and particulate 
organic carbon (POC) in the Labrador Sea.   The samples were collected from 
three sources: Challenger pumps, 12 litre Go-Flo bottles and CTD rosette 
bottles. The following is a description of the samples processed from each of 
the sampling sources.  Figure 4 indicates the location of chemical sampling.

Challenger Pump Sampling:
The pumps were used at four stations (9, 13, 18 and 25) on the AR7W line to 
sample for dissolved/particulate metals, Thorium (234-Th) and POC. At each 
station, the pumps were deployed twice, to four depths (25, 50, 100, 250 m). 
One cast was deployed to sample for particulate and dissolved 234-Th and POC. 
The pumps were deployed again to the same depths to collect a particulate 
sample for metals, 230-Th and Protactinium (231-Pa).  At all stations, the 
pumps were programmed to sample for 2 to 2.5 hours. While the Challenger pumps 
were deployed, a surface pumping system was deployed to 1-2 m to collect a 
corresponding sample from the surface.  At station 18, sea and weather 
conditions prohibited the deployment of the surface pump. 

Go-Flo Sampling:
At each of the four pumping stations, water samples were collected at matching 
depths i.e. surface, 25, 50, 100, 250 m for total mercury, dissolved - metals, 
230-Th, and 231-Pa and particulate - metals, 230-Th, 231-Pa.  The 12 litre Go-
Flos were deployed on stainless steel hydrowire from the foredeck and 
subsampled in a clean area of the forward lab. All materials used to handle 
the water samples have been acid cleaned and all filter manipulations required 
on board were conducted in a positive air laminar flow "clean bench".  
Salinity and nutrient samples were collected from each Go-Flo as a check of 
the sampling depth.  At stations 9 and 18, in addition to the sampling at the 
Challenger pump depths, the water column was also sampled at depths >250 m 
coincident with depths chosen for CTD samples. A total of 24 samples were 
collected for total Hg, 36 for dissolved/particulate metals and 32 samples 
each for 230-Th and  231-Pa.

CTD Sampling:
Water samples were collected from the CTD at 25 stations on the AR7W line.  A 
total of 118 samples were collected for Iodine (129-I) from 25 stations and 8 
samples for Technetium (99- Tc) at 4 stations. These samples were collected to 
measure the extent of the "Sellafield" reprocessing signal flowing in and out 
of the Labrador Sea.  Samples for 230-Th and 231-Pa were also collected at 12 
stations with a total of 80 samples collected for each of these isotopes.

Figure 4*.  Chemical sampling for 18HU99022/1.  Red circles indicate I, Tc, 
	    Th, or Pa sampling from the rosette, while green triangles indicate Go-Flo, 
	    Challenger pump or surface pump sampling.

5.   Major Problems and Goals Not Achieved

none

6.   Other Incidents of Note

This was the first deep ocean cruise to use the recently acquired HP NT 
NetServers (Model LH3 PII 400).  These servers have replaced the MicroVAX 
systems first used in 1986.  The HP servers provide Science staff with 12 
gigabytes of disk space, are mirrored internally and operate in parallel.  
Science backups on the servers were easy and rapid using the HP DAT tapes.

This was also the first cruise to use the OSD Ocean Data and Information 
system (ODIN).  ODIN is a shipboard database application for tracking and 
collecting the metadata and water sample data associated with an oceanographic 
cruise.  ODIN was beta tested last year, during 18HU98023/1 in the Labrador 
Sea.  The system was implemented on 99022 as an operational system.  Our 
standard paper based system was maintained in parallel to ODIN.

7.   List of Cruise Participants

Name			Responsibility				Affiliation
Jeff Anning		Underway Sampling, photosynthesis	BIO
Jay Bugden		DOC Levels, respiration rates		BIO
Allyn Clarke		Senior Scientist			BIO
Pierre Clement		Nutrients				BIO
John Dalziel		Tracers					BIO
Jennifer Dixon		CO2, CFC's, Alkalinity			BDR
Henrietta Edmonds	Tracers					URI
Bob Gershey		Scientist, CO2, CFC's, Alkalinity	BDR
Jean Hanley		Helium, Tritium				LDEO
Les Harris		Zooplankton, Net Tows			BIO
Glen Harrison		Assistant Scientist			BIO
Albert Hartling		Winch Room, moorings			BIO
Brian Irwin		Primary Production			BIO
Anthony Isenor		Data Manager				BIO
Jeffrey Jackson		Computer Room				BIO
John Lazier		Oxygens					BIO
Bill Li			Bacterial abundance and activity	BIO
Richard Nelson		Tracers					BIO
Tim Perry		Zooplankton, Net Tows			BIO
Bob Ryan		CTD Technician, Moorings		BIO
Murray Scotney		Moorings, instrumentation		BIO
Igor Yashayaev		Scientist				BDR
Frank Zemlyak		Technician, CO2, CFC's, Alkalinity	BIO


BIO	Bedford Institute of Oceanography
	PO Box 1006
	Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 2A4
	Canada

BDR	BDR Research Ltd.
	Box 652, Station 'M'
	Halifax, NS, B3J 2T3
	Canada

LDEO	Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
	Columbia University
	Palisades, NY 10964
	USA

URI	University of Rhode Island
	Graduate School of Oceanography
	South Ferry Road
	Narragansett, RI 02882
	USA

UW	University of Washington
	Seattle, WA 98195
	USA

WHOI	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
	Woods Hole, MA 02543
	USA

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.  UNDERWAY MEASUREMENTS

1.  Navigation and Bathymetry					Anthony W. Isenor

The navigation system onboard CCGS Hudson consists of a differential GPS 
receiver and AGCNAV.  The receiver also broadcasts navigation NMEA strings 
throughout the ship's network at about 1 Hz.  The navigation data are then 
logged at one minute intervals on a PC.  This PC was running the AGCNAV 
software package, a PC based display and waypoint setting software package, 
developed at the Atlantic Geoscience Centre at BIO.  This software graphically 
displays ship position, waypoints, course, speed, etc. to the various science 
working areas.

The echo sounder system used for collecting bathymetric data consisted of a 
Raytheon Line Scan Recorder, Model LSR 1811-2 (serial number A117) connected 
to a hull mounted 12kHz transducer.  The transducer beam width is 15 degrees. 
The sweep rate of the record was adjusted throughout the course of data 
collection to aid in identifying the bottom signal.  One transducer is 
positioned on a Ram that can be lowered or raised depending on conditions. 
When the ram is up, the waterline to transducer offset is 6 m.  When the ram 
is down, the offset is 8 m.

2.  Vessel Mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler		Murray Scotney

The Hudson was equipped with a hull mounted RDI Acoustic Doppler Current 
Profiler (ADCP). The transducer (serial number 177) had VM ADCP electronics 
(serial number 607).  Logging, using Transect software on a 486 PC, was 
started on June 27 at 1535 Z in Halifax Harbour.  Two different configurations 
were used for logging.  On the Halifax Line, 30 second averages were logged.  
From the Louisbourg Site (on July 29, 1999 at 1522 Z), 5 minute averages were 
logged.  The configuration of the equipment results in a bin length of 4 
metros and a total of 128 bins.  The averaged data are stored to disk and 
backed up every few days.  ADCP logging was stopped on July 13 at 2247 Z in 
Halifax Harbour.

3.  Continuous Flow Multisensor Package (CFMP)			Jeff Anning

Water from approximately 4m was continuously pumped to the forward lab.  The 
temperature, conductivity and fluorescence was measured and logged every 30 
sec.  Temperature and conductivity were measured with Seabird sensors and the 
fluorescence by a Wetlabs follow-through fluorometer.  Incident 
Photosynthetically Active Radiation was measured with a Li-Cor Spherical 
Quantum Sensor and this data was merged with the sea water parameters.  Exact 
time and positions were provided by a Northstar GPS and logged with the other 
data.  In addition discrete water samples were collected every 15 minutes by 
an auto sampler for later analysis for nitrate and silicate.  The computer 
also logged the time and position of these samples.

4.  XBT and XCTD

No probes were used.

5.  Meteorological observations

The ship's crew logged routine reporting of meteorological variables. 

6.  Atmospheric Chemistry

There was no atmospheric chemistry program.


* All figures shown in PDF file.