Technical information:  (202) 691-6378      USDL 07-0673
               http://www.bls.gov/cps/
                                            For release:  10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact:                691-5902      Wednesday, May 9, 2007
                                     
                                     
              EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES IN 2006


   In 2006, the share of families with an unemployed member declined to 
6.4 percent from 7.0 percent in the prior year, the Bureau of Labor Sta-
tistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.  The proportion of 
families with an unemployed member has declined each year since 2003, when 
it was 8.1 percent.  Of the nations 77.0 million families, 82.4 percent 
had at least one employed member in 2006, essentially unchanged from 2005.
   
   These data on employment, unemployment, and family relationships are
collected as part of the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample
survey of approximately 60,000 households.  Families include married-couple
families, as well as families maintained by a man or woman with no spouse
present; some families have children while others do not.  For further
information about the CPS, see the Technical Note.
   
Families and Unemployment
   
   In 2006, 4.9 million families had at least one member who was unemployed, 
down from 5.3 million in 2005.  The proportion of black families with an un-
employed member (11.4 percent) continued to be about twice that for white 
(5.6 percent) and Asian (5.2 percent) families.  For Hispanic families, about 
8.0 percent had an unemployed member.  For each of these groups, the propor-
tion of families with an unemployed member in 2006 was down from the prior 
year.  (See table 1.)
   
   In families with an unemployed member, 69.6 percent also had at least 
one employed member in 2006, about the same as in 2005.  Among married-couple 
families with unemployment in 2006, 82.3 percent contained an employed member.  
Among families maintained by men with an unemployed member, 58.3 percent had 
an employed member in 2006; for families headed by women, the proportion was 
47.3 percent.  These proportions were little changed from the prior year for 
these three family types.  (See table 3.)
   
Families and Employment
   
   In 2006, the proportion of all families with at least one employed member, 
at 82.4 percent, was about unchanged from the prior year.  There was little 
or no change in the proportion of families with employed members among white 
(82.7 percent), black (78.1 percent), and Asian (89.9 percent) families.  For 
Hispanic families, the share with an employed member edged up in 2006 to 87.2 
percent.  (See table 1.)
   
   Among married-couple families, 83.8 percent had an employed member in 2006, 
unchanged from 2005.  For families maintained by men or women (no spouse pre-
sent), the proportions with an employed member were 84.9 and 76.0 percent, 
respectively.  Both proportions were little changed from the prior year.  
(See table 2.)
   
   The proportion of married-couple families in which only the husband
worked declined to 19.8 percent in 2006 from 20.2 percent in 2005.  The
proportion of married-couple families in which only the wife worked 
remained at 6.5 percent.  The proportion that were dual-worker couples
(both husband and wife employed) rose from 51.3 to 51.8 percent.
(See table 2.)
   
                                  - 2 -

Families with Children
   
   Just under half of all families include children (sons, daughters, 
step-children, and adopted children) under age 18.  In 2006, among the 
35.6 million families with children under 18, 90.5 percent had an em-
ployed parent, up by 0.3 percentage point from 2005.  The 2006 proportion 
was still below the most recent peak of 92.0 percent in 2000.  In 2006, the
mother was employed in 72.0 percent of families maintained by women, and
the father was employed in 83.5 percent of those maintained by men.  Among
married-couple families, 97.3 percent had an employed parent in 2006, up
from 97.1 percent in 2005.  The proportion of married-couple families in
which both parents were employed rose by 0.7 percentage point to 62.0 per-
cent in 2006.  (See table 4.)
   
Mothers
   
   The labor force participation rate for all mothers, at 70.9 percent, 
was little changed in 2006; it most recently peaked at 72.3 percent in 
2000. The participation rate of married mothers (68.6 percent) was also 
about unchanged in 2006.  The proportion of unmarried mothers--those who 
were widowed, divorced, separated, or never married--who were in the labor 
force in 2006 was 76.6 percent, about the same as in the prior year.
   
   In 2006, the unemployment rate for all mothers with children under 18
declined by 0.5 percentage point to 4.8 percent.  The jobless rate for
married mothers, at 3.1 percent in 2006, also fell by 0.5 percentage point
over the year.  The rate for unmarried mothers edged down in 2006 to 8.5
percent.  For all mothers with children under 6 years, the unemployment
rate decreased to 6.0 percent in 2006.  (See table 5.)
   
   Among mothers with children younger than a year old, 56.1 percent were
in the labor force in 2006, slightly higher than in the prior year.  The
labor force participation rate for unmarried mothers with children under a
year old rose by 4.3 percentage points to 59.0 percent in 2006, while the
rate for married mothers, at 55.0 percent, was about unchanged.  The unem-
ployment rate for all mothers of children under age 1 was 7.4 percent in 
2006, little changed from 2005.  (See table 6.)






                                  - 3 -

Technical Note


   The estimates in this release are based on annual average data from the
Current Population Survey (CPS), a national sample survey of about 60,000
households conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S.
Census Bureau.  The information relates to the labor force status of persons
16 years old and over in the civilian noninstitutional population during an
"average" week of the year.

   The data for 2006 presented in this release are not strictly comparable
with data for 2005 and earlier years because of the introduction in January
2006 of revised population controls used in the CPS.  The effect of the re-
vised population controls on the family estimates is unknown.  However, the
effect of the new controls on the monthly CPS estimates was to decrease the
December 2005 employment level by 123,000 and the unemployment level by 8,000.
The updated controls had little or no effect on unemployment rates and other
ratios.  For additional information, see "Adjustments to Household Survey Pop-
ulation Estimates in January 2006," available on the Internet at http://www.
bls.gov/cps/cps06adj.pdf.

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request:  Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error.  When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there
is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population
values they represent.  The exact difference, or sampling error, varies de-
pending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured
by the standard error of the estimate.  There is about a 90-percent chance,
or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because
of sampling error.  BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent
level of confidence.

   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.  Nonsampling error
can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of
the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the
sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.

   For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and
information on estimating standard errors, see the "Explanatory Notes
and Estimates of Error" section of Employment and Earnings.

                                  - 4 -

Definitions

   Definitions of the principal terms used in this release are presented below.

   Family.  A family is a group of two or more persons residing together
who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption.  The count of families is
for "primary" families only, that is, the householder and all other persons
related to and residing with the householder.  Families are classified
either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men
without spouses.

   Householder.  The householder is the family reference person.  This is
the person (or one of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned
or rented.  The relationship of other individuals in the household is defined
in terms of relationship to the householder.  The race or ethnicity of the
family is determined by that of the householder.

   Married, spouse present; other marital status.  These terms denote the
marital status of individuals at the time of interview.  Married, spouse
present, refers to husbands and wives living together in the same
household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, on
vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, or for other reasons.  Other marital
status includes persons who are never-married; married, spouse absent;
widowed; or divorced.  Married, spouse absent relates to persons who are
separated due to marital problems, as well as husbands and wives who are
living apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on duty with
the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.

   Children.  Data on children refer to own children and include sons,
daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children, of the husband, wife, or
person maintaining the family.  Not included are nieces, nephews, grand-
children, other related children, and all unrelated children living in
the household.

   Employed.  Employed persons are (a) all those who, during the survey
reference week, did any work at all as paid employees, worked in their own
business, profession, or on their own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more
as unpaid workers in a family-operated enterprise; and (b) all those who
did not work but had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily
absent due to illness, bad weather, vacation, child-care problems, labor
disputes, or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time
off and whether or not they were seeking other jobs.

   Unemployed.  The unemployed are persons who had no employment during the
reference week, were available for work at that time, and had made specific
efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with
the reference week.  Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from
which they had been laid off need not be looking for work to be classified
as unemployed.

   Civilian labor force.  The civilian labor force comprises all persons
classified as employed or unemployed.

   Unemployment rate.  The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a
percent of the civilian labor force.

   Labor force participation rate.  The labor force participation rate is
the labor force as a percent of the population.





  Table 1.  Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
  2005-06 annual averages
  
  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                            
                                                                                            
                              Characteristic                                2005      2006  
                                                                                            
                                                                                            
                                  Total                                                     
                                                                                            
    Total families......................................................   76,443    77,017 
                                                                                            
      With employed member(s)...........................................   62,933    63,492 
            As percent of total families................................     82.3      82.4 
               Some usually work full time (1)..........................   58,276    58,918 
      With no employed member...........................................   13,509    13,525 
            As percent of total families................................     17.7      17.6 
                                                                                            
      With unemployed member(s).........................................    5,318     4,913 
            As percent of total families................................      7.0       6.4 
        Some member(s) employed.........................................    3,717     3,419 
               As percent of families with unemployed member(s).........     69.9      69.6 
          Some usually work full time (1)...............................    3,310     3,049 
                  As percent of families with unemployed member(s)......     62.2      62.1 
                                                                                            
                                  White                                                     
                                                                                            
    Total families......................................................   62,567    62,977 
                                                                                            
      With employed member(s)...........................................   51,645    52,054 
            As percent of total families................................     82.5      82.7 
               Some usually work full time (1)..........................   47,883    48,395 
      With no employed member...........................................   10,922    10,923 
            As percent of total families................................     17.5      17.3 
                                                                                            
      With unemployed member(s).........................................    3,801     3,556 
            As percent of total families................................      6.1       5.6 
        Some member(s) employed ........................................    2,782     2,582 
               As percent of families with unemployed member(s).........     73.2      72.6 
          Some usually work full time (1)...............................    2,477     2,306 
                  As percent of families with unemployed member(s)......     65.2      64.8 
                                                                                            
                        Black or African American                                           
                                                                                            
    Total families......................................................    8,952     9,058 
                                                                                            
      With employed member(s)...........................................    6,986     7,078 
            As percent of total families................................     78.0      78.1 
               Some usually work full time (1)..........................    6,353     6,437 
      With no employed member...........................................    1,966     1,980 
            As percent of total families................................     22.0      21.9 
                                                                                            
      With unemployed member(s).........................................    1,140     1,036 
            As percent of total families................................     12.7      11.4 
        Some member(s) employed.........................................      657       596 
               As percent of families with unemployed member(s).........     57.7      57.6 
          Some usually work full time (1)...............................      583       526 
                  As percent of families with unemployed member(s)......     51.1      50.8 
                                                                                            
                                  Asian                                                     
                                                                                            
    Total families......................................................    3,218     3,251 
                                                                                            
      With employed member(s)...........................................    2,889     2,924 
            As percent of total families................................     89.8      89.9 
               Some usually work full time (1)..........................    2,741     2,772 
      With no employed member...........................................      329       327 
            As percent of total families................................     10.2      10.1 
                                                                                            
      With unemployed member(s).........................................      199       171 
            As percent of total families................................      6.2       5.2 
        Some member(s) employed.........................................      160       137 
               As percent of families with unemployed member(s).........     80.7      80.4 
          Some usually work full time (1)...............................      145       123 
                  As percent of families with unemployed member(s)......     72.8      72.2 
                                                                                            
                      Hispanic or Latino ethnicity                                          
                                                                                            
    Total families......................................................    9,603     9,905 
                                                                                            
      With employed member(s)...........................................    8,312     8,641 
            As percent of total families................................     86.6      87.2 
               Some usually work full time (1)..........................    7,786     8,129 
      With no employed member...........................................    1,291     1,264 
            As percent of total families................................     13.4      12.8 
                                                                                            
      With unemployed member(s).........................................      860       793 
            As percent of total families................................      9.0       8.0 
        Some member(s) employed.........................................      606       544 
               As percent of families with unemployed member(s).........     70.5      68.6 
          Some usually work full time (1)...............................      544       491 
                  As percent of families with unemployed member(s)......     63.2      61.9 
  
     1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
     NOTE:  The race or ethnicity of the family is determined by that of the householder. 
  Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not
  sum to totals because data are not presented for all races.  In addition, persons whose
  ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are
  classified by ethnicity as well as by race.  Data for 2006 reflect revised population
  controls used in the Current Population Survey.
  
  
  
  
  
  Table 2.  Families by presence and relationship of employed members
  and family type, 2005-06 annual averages
  
  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                         Percent    
                                          Number       distribution 
            Characteristic                                          
                                                                    
                                       2005   2006     2005   2006  
                                                                    
                                                                    
       MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES                                      
                                                                    
              Total.................. 57,167  57,509  100.0  100.0  
                                                                    
      Member(s) employed, total...... 47,895  48,196   83.8   83.8  
          Husband only............... 11,562  11,399   20.2   19.8  
          Wife only..................  3,715   3,754    6.5    6.5  
          Husband and wife........... 29,330  29,799   51.3   51.8  
          Other employment                                          
           combinations..............  3,288   3,244    5.8    5.6  
      No member(s) employed..........  9,272   9,313   16.2   16.2  
                                                                    
   FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN (1)                                 
                                                                    
              Total..................  14,035  14,208  100.0  100.0 
                                                                    
      Member(s) employed, total.....   10,609  10,796   75.6   76.0 
           Householder only..........   6,052   6,103   43.1   43.0 
           Householder and other                                    
            member(s)................   2,830   2,955   20.2   20.8 
           Other member(s), not                                     
            householder...............  1,727   1,738   12.3   12.2 
      No member(s) employed...........  3,426   3,412   24.4   24.0 
                                                                    
    FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN (1)                                  
                                                                    
              Total..................  5,242   5,300  100.0  100.0  
                                                                    
      Member(s) employed, total......  4,430   4,500   84.5   84.9  
           Householder only..........  2,093   2,089   39.9   39.4  
           Householder and other                                    
            member(s)................  1,639   1,715   31.3   32.4  
           Other member(s), not                                     
            householder..............    698     696   13.3   13.1  
      No member(s) employed..........    812     800   15.5   15.1  
   
      1 No spouse present.
      NOTE:  Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.  Data for
   2006 reflect revised population controls used in the Current 
   Population Survey.





  Table 3.  Unemployment in families by presence and relationship
  of employed members and family type, 2005-06 annual averages
  
  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                                        Percent  
                                         Number      distribution
            Characteristic                                       
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                       2005   2006   2005   2006 
                                                                 
                                                                 
        MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES                                  
                                                                 
     With unemployed member(s),                                  
      total.........................  3,243  2,968  100.0  100.0 
     No member employed.............    580    526   17.9   17.7 
      Some member(s) employed........ 2,664  2,442   82.1   82.3 
        Husband unemployed........... 1,190  1,061   36.7   35.7 
          Wife employed..............   753    679   23.2   22.9 
        Wife unemployed.............. 1,004    898   31.0   30.3 
          Husband employed...........   873    772   26.9   26.0 
        Other family member                                      
         unemployed.................. 1,049  1,010   32.4   34.0 
                                                                 
   FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN (1)                              
                                                                 
      With unemployed member(s),                                 
       total......................... 1,539  1,429  100.0  100.0 
        No member employed...........   797    753   51.8   52.7 
        Some member(s) employed......   743    675   48.2   47.3 
         Householder unemployed......   746    688   48.5   48.2 
          Other member(s) employed...   161    132   10.5    9.3 
        Other member(s) unemployed...   793    740   51.5   51.8 
                                                                 
   FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN (1)                                
                                                                 
      With unemployed member(s),                                 
       total.........................   536    516  100.0  100.0 
        No member employed...........   225    215   42.1   41.7 
        Some member(s) employed......   310    301   57.9   58.3 
         Householder unemployed......   301    284   56.1   55.0 
          Other member(s) employed...   122    118   22.8   22.8 
        Other member(s) unemployed...   235    232   43.9   45.0 
   
      1 No spouse present.
      NOTE:  Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.  Data
   for 2006 reflect revised population controls used in the 
   Current Population Survey.





  Table 4.  Families with own children:  Employment status of parents
  by age of youngest child and family type, 2005-06 annual averages
  
  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                          Percent   
                                         Number        distribution 
            Characteristic                                          
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                       2005   2006     2005   2006  
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                    
   WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS                                 
                                                                    
      Total.......................... 35,402  35,605  100.0  100.0  
    Parent(s) employed............... 31,917  32,216   90.2   90.5  
    No parent employed...............  3,485   3,388    9.8    9.5  
                                                                    
    Married-couple families.......... 24,942  25,022  100.0  100.0  
     Parent(s) employed.............. 24,218  24,344   97.1   97.3  
      Mother employed................ 16,501  16,721   66.2   66.8  
       Both parents employed......... 15,298  15,516   61.3   62.0  
       Mother employed, not father...  1,203   1,205    4.8    4.8  
       Father employed, not mother...  7,716   7,623   30.9   30.5  
     Neither parent employed.........    724     678    2.9    2.7  
                                                                    
    Families maintained by women (1).  8,347   8,407  100.0  100.0  
      Mother employed................  5,943   6,054   71.2   72.0  
      Mother not employed............  2,404   2,352   28.8   28.0  
                                                                    
    Families maintained by men (1)...  2,113   2,176  100.0  100.0  
      Father employed................  1,756   1,818   83.1   83.5  
      Father not employed............    357     359   16.9   16.5  
                                                                    
   WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS,                                 
             NONE YOUNGER                                           
                                                                    
      Total.........................  20,202  20,283  100.0  100.0  
    Parent(s) employed............... 18,319  18,446   90.7   90.9  
    No parent employed...............  1,882   1,837    9.3    9.1  
                                                                    
    Married-couple families.......... 13,781  13,752  100.0  100.0  
     Parent(s) employed.............. 13,350  13,356   96.9   97.1  
      Mother employed................  9,990  10,016   72.5   72.8  
       Both parents employed.........  9,210   9,245   66.8   67.2  
       Mother employed, not father...    780     771    5.7    5.6  
       Father employed, not mother...  3,360   3,339`  24.4   24.3  
     Neither parent employed.........    431     396    3.1    2.9  
                                                                    
    Families maintained by women (1).  5,147   5,195  100.0  100.0  
      Mother employed................  3,913   3,976   76.0   76.5  
      Mother not employed............  1,233   1,219   24.0   23.5  
                                                                    
    Families maintained by men (1)...  1,274   1,336  100.0  100.0  
      Father employed................  1,056   1,114   82.9   83.4  
      Father not employed............    218     222   17.1   16.6  
                                                                    
    WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS                                 
                                                                    
      Total.......................... 15,200  15,322  100.0  100.0  
    Parent(s) employed............... 13,598  13,770   89.5   89.9  
    No parent employed...............  1,602   1,551   10.5   10.1  
                                                                    
    Married-couple families.......... 11,161  11,270  100.0  100.0  
     Parent(s) employed.............. 10,868  10,989   97.4   97.5  
      Mother employed................  6,511   6,705   58.3   59.5  
       Both parents employed.........  6,089   6,271   54.6   55.6  
       Mother employed, not father...    422     434    3.8    3.8  
       Father employed, not mother...  4,357   4,284   39.0   38.0  
     Neither parent employed.........    293     281    2.6    2.5  
                                                                    
    Families maintained by women (1).  3,200   3,212  100.0  100.0  
      Mother employed................  2,030   2,078   63.4   64.7  
      Mother not employed............  1,170   1,133   36.6   35.3  
                                                                    
    Families maintained by men (1)...    839     840  100.0  100.0  
      Father employed................    700     704   83.5   83.8  
      Father not employed............    139     136   16.5   16.2  
  
     1 No spouse present.
     NOTE:  Own children include sons, daughters ,step-children, and 
  adopted children.  Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren,
  and other related and unrelated children.  Detail may not sum to
  totals due to rounding.  Data for 2006 reflect  revised population
  controls used in the Current Population Survey.
  
  
  
  
  
    Table 5.  Employment status of the population by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own children under 18,
  2005-06 annual averages
  
  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                      
                                                                   2005                             2006              
                    Characteristic                                                                                    
                                                                                                                      
                                                        Total       Men       Women      Total       Men       Women  
                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                      
           WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS                                                                           
                                                                                                                      
    Civilian noninstitutional population............   64,482     28,065     36,417     64,680     28,188     36,492  
     Civilian labor force...........................   52,056     26,399     25,657     52,391     26,530     25,861  
           Participation rate......................      80.7       94.1       70.5       81.0       94.1       70.9  
       Employed.....................................   49,882     25,587     24,294     50,388     25,774     24,614  
           Employment-population ratio.............      77.4       91.2       66.7       77.9       91.4       67.4  
          Full-time workers (1).....................   42,852     24,713     18,139     43,485     24,884     18,601  
          Part-time workers (2).....................    7,029        875      6,155      6,902        890      6,013  
       Unemployed...................................    2,174        811      1,363      2,004        756      1,247  
           Unemployment rate.......................       4.2        3.1        5.3        3.8        2.9        4.8  
                                                                                                                      
               Married, spouse present                                                                                
                                                                                                                      
    Civilian noninstitutional population............   51,519     25,578     25,942     51,670     25,648     26,022  
     Civilian labor force...........................   41,905     24,215     17,690     42,136     24,295     17,842  
           Participation rate......................      81.3       94.7       68.2       81.5       94.7       68.6  
       Employed.....................................   40,614     23,556     17,058     40,960     23,680     17,280  
           Employment-population ratio.............      78.8       92.1       65.8       79.3       92.3       66.4  
          Full-time workers (1).....................   35,086     22,808     12,278     35,500     22,925     12,575  
          Part-time workers (2).....................    5,528        748      4,780      5,460        755      4,705  
       Unemployed...................................    1,291        659        632      1,176        614        562  
           Unemployment rate.......................       3.1        2.7        3.6        2.8        2.5        3.1  
                                                                                                                      
               Other marital status (3)                                                                               
                                                                                                                      
    Civilian noninstitutional population............   12,963      2,487     10,475     13,010      2,541     10,470  
     Civilian labor force...........................   10,151      2,184      7,967     10,255      2,236      8,019  
           Participation rate......................      78.3       87.8       76.1       78.8       88.0       76.6  
       Employed.....................................    9,268      2,032      7,236      9,427      2,094      7,333  
           Employment-population ratio.............      71.5       81.7       69.1       72.5       82.4       70.0  
          Full-time workers (1).....................    7,766      1,905      5,861      7,985      1,960      6,026  
          Part-time workers (2).....................    1,502        127      1,375      1,442        134      1,308  
       Unemployed...................................      883        152        731        827        142        686  
           Unemployment rate.......................       8.7        7.0        9.2        8.1        6.3        8.5  
                                                                                                                      
    WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER                                                                     
                                                                                                                      
    Civilian noninstitutional population............   35,937     15,590     20,348     35,912     15,594     20,318  
     Civilian labor force...........................   30,068     14,496     15,572     30,100     14,515     15,585  
           Participation rate......................      83.7       93.0       76.5       83.8       93.1       76.7  
       Employed.....................................   28,953     14,066     14,887     29,076     14,124     14,952  
           Employment-population ratio.............      80.6       90.2       73.2       81.0       90.6       73.6  
          Full-time workers (1).....................   25,074     13,606     11,468     25,277     13,648     11,629  
          Part-time workers (2).....................    3,880        460      3,419      3,799        476      3,323  
       Unemployed...................................    1,115        430        684      1,024        392        632  
           Unemployment rate.......................       3.7        3.0        4.4        3.4        2.7        4.1  
                                                                                                                      
           WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS                                                                            
                                                                                                                      
    Civilian noninstitutional population............   28,545     12,475     16,070     28,768     12,594     16,174  
     Civilian labor force...........................   21,988     11,903     10,085     22,291     12,015     10,276  
           Participation rate......................      77.0       95.4       62.8       77.5       95.4       63.5  
       Employed.....................................   20,928     11,521      9,407     21,311     11,650      9,661  
           Employment-population ratio.............      73.3       92.4       58.5       74.1       92.5       59.7  
          Full-time workers (1).....................   17,778     11,107      6,671     18,208     11,236      6,972  
          Part-time workers (2).....................    3,150        414      2,736      3,103        414      2,689  
       Unemployed...................................    1,060        381        678        980        365        615  
           Unemployment rate.......................       4.8        3.2        6.7        4.4        3.0        6.0  
                                                                                                                      
         WITH NO OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS                                                                          
                                                                                                                      
    Civilian noninstitutional population............  159,751     79,237     80,514    162,438     80,719     81,718  
     Civilian labor force...........................   95,545     51,914     43,631     97,427     53,115     44,312  
           Participation rate......................      59.8       65.5       54.2       60.0       65.8       54.2  
       Employed.....................................   90,171     48,709     41,462     92,460     50,148     42,312  
           Employment-population ratio.............      56.4       61.5       51.5       56.9       62.1       51.8  
          Full-time workers (1).....................   72,515     41,496     31,019     74,638     42,859     31,780  
          Part-time workers (2).....................   17,657      7,213     10,444     17,821      7,289     10,532  
       Unemployed...................................    5,374      3,205      2,169      4,967      2,967      2,000  
           Unemployment rate.......................       5.6        6.2        5.0        5.1        5.6        4.5  
   
     1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
     2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
     3 Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
     NOTE:  See NOTE, table 4.
   
   
   
   
   
  Table 6.  Employment status of mothers with own children under 3 years old by single year of age of youngest child and marital status, 
  2005-06 annual averages
  
  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                          Civilian labor force                           
                                                                                                                                         
                                              Civilian                                                 Employed              Unemployed  
                                              noninsti-               Percent                                                            
                                              tutional                  of                                                               
                                              population     Total    popula-             Percent  Full-time  Part-time           Percent
                                                                       tion      Total      of      workers    workers    Number    of   
                                                                                          popula-     (1)        (2)               labor 
                                                                                           tion                                    force 
                                                                                                                                         
                    2005                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                         
               TOTAL MOTHERS                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                         
      With own children under 3 years old       9,365        5,470     58.4      5,077     54.2      3,501     1,576       393      7.2  
        2 years ..........................      2,845        1,773     62.3      1,654     58.1      1,162       492       119      6.7  
        1 year ...........................      3,287        1,958     59.6      1,823     55.5      1,247       576       135      6.9  
        Under 1 year......................      3,233        1,740     53.8      1,600     49.5      1,092       508       140      8.0  
                                                                                                                                         
          Married, spouse present                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                         
      With own children under 3 years old       6,951        3,939     56.7      3,776     54.3      2,588     1,188       164      4.2  
        2 years ..........................      2,118        1,268     59.9      1,214     57.3        840       374        55      4.3  
        1 year ...........................      2,435        1,389     57.0      1,337     54.9        901       436        52      3.7  
        Under 1 year......................      2,398        1,282     53.5      1,225     51.1        847       378        58      4.5  
                                                                                                                                         
          Other marital status (3)                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                         
      With own children under 3 years old       2,414        1,531     63.4      1,301     53.9        913       388       230     15.0  
        2 years ..........................        726          504     69.5        440     60.6        322       118        64     12.7  
        1 year ...........................        852          569     66.8        486     57.0        346       139        83     14.6  
        Under 1 year......................        836          457     54.7        375     44.9        245       130        82     18.0  
                                                                                                                                         
                    2006                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                         
               TOTAL MOTHERS                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                         
      With own children under 3 years old       9,431        5,675     60.2      5,315     56.4      3,751     1,564       360      6.3  
        2 years ..........................      2,864        1,847     64.5      1,746     61.0      1,280       466       101      5.5  
        1 year ...........................      3,318        2,006     60.5      1,883     56.7      1,305       577       123      6.1  
        Under 1 year......................      3,248        1,822     56.1      1,686     51.9      1,166       520       136      7.4  
                                                                                                                                         
          Married, spouse present                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                         
      With own children under 3 years old       6,998        4,076     58.2      3,933     56.2      2,756     1,177       143      3.5  
        2 years ..........................      2,114        1,305     61.7      1,265     59.8        910       354        40      3.1  
        1 year ...........................      2,494        1,456     58.4      1,404     56.3        962       442        52      3.6  
        Under 1 year......................      2,390        1,315     55.0      1,264     52.9        883       381        51      3.9  
                                                                                                                                         
          Other marital status (3)                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                         
      With own children under 3 years old       2,433        1,600     65.7      1,382     56.8        996       386       217     13.6  
        2 years ..........................        750          543     72.3        481     64.2        369       112        61     11.3  
        1 year ...........................        824          550     66.7        479     58.1        344       135        71     13.0  
        Under 1 year......................        859          507     59.0        422     49.2        283       139        85     16.7  
  
     1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
     2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
     3 Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
     NOTE:  See NOTE, table 4.