prevention and education programs  ?iiiWO~l
  smoking pre\.alence  .$I 7-9s
,`1<~cw~/ fiw Hcwltii C,iw rlif,llir?i~~~ii~icrrl iv. ilw~iinfcif
/,lii>h~k~5 ai Floridi?  741, 253
Agcnc!~ for Health Care Policy and Research  13.3
Agcncv for Healthcare Research and Quality  71
Aggregation dc\ices 23.5
Agricultural Act of 1949 XI1
Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933  300
Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938  307
AHA. SW American Heart Association
AHRQ. SW Agencv for Hcalthcare Research and Qualit!
Airline flights

  en\-ironmental tobacco smoke regulation  200
ALA. Scc~ American Lung Association
Alaska Natives. S~ZL' American Indians and Alaska Natives
ALCNet 1011
Alcohol

  impact of cigarette prices on use  .X%-33;
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration
Reorganiration Act 209, ,383
Xlcc~h~ol be\.erage control agencies
   enforcement of sales to minors laws  U-37?
                                    ---
:\liohol List'

l-l7ilclr.iitc)r.il'~, //IL-   1st;
i\MA. SW American Medical Association
Ambient smoke -fin

,-lrlrcriinil Aiii'c'l~ti5i~l~~ Fc?fc7/27ti0/l T' K~~55l~~~~ IS9
American Anti-Tobacco Societv 37
American Broadcasting Cornpan\*  2i-l
American Cancer Society  39, 7s;. .?8.3
American Economics Group, Inc. 320-372
American Health and Temperance Association  37
American Health Foundation 782
American Heart .r\ssociation  39, -ib
American Indians and Alaska Nati\.es

  smoking prevalence 97-98
American Lung Association Ii.3
American Medical Association 12
American School Health Association  80
American Stop Smoking Inter~xzntion Studv  82, S-i, 209,
383-384, 385
American Tobacco Company. SW ~7lsc Court cases
  formation ot 30, 306-
  Plug War 32
Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights JO.5
Americans with Disabilities Act  73:, 216-221;
I-amino-biphenyl 782
Ammonia con~pounds 782
Ammonium carbonate 183
ANR. SW Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights
Anti-Cigarette League ot America  32
,~lllfi~fi+~7i.io ]014f-,11i/ 31
Antideprc+sants

Index

A

ABC. Sc,c, American Broadcasting C-ompan\,
ABCs. SW Alcohol be\,crage control agtvcies
/iCf/ilidS, /,I(- i' ,4hfe  243
Accord brand 309

ACS. SW American Cancer Societ\,
Acupuncture therapy 112
Ad valorem taxes 337
ADA. SW Americans with Disabilities Act
.4DAMHA. SW Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental health
Administration Reorganiration Act
Addiction. Scc~ Management of nicotine addiction;
  Nicotine addiction
Additives

  to cigarettes 783-783
  regulations concerning  773
   to smokeless tobacco 7h'i%l#
Adolescent Learning Experiences in Resistance
Training 77
Adolescents. SW Youth
Ad\.ertising. SW O/G Federal Cigarette Labeling ,IIKI
Advertising Act; Packaging
  attempts to regulate  7 6.3-l 70
  brand loyalty and 702
  broadcast ad\,ertising ban 705-706
  commercial speech and  7 ;0-1;_7
  constitutionality of regulation  7;7-7;;
  FCC antismoking broadcast requirement 45
  four-pronged test 7 ;.3-[;;
  FTC staff report concerning  266-767
   health claims 39
  "Joe Camel" ad campaign  7.5. 7 ;;-1;8
  overview of regulatory efforts  74-1.5
  potential influence on smoking
    prevalence 767-702
  proposed FTC regulation of 1964  17
  public interest benefit from regulation  7 71-l 16
  radio and television advertising ban
  reasonable fit of regulation 7;6-1;; 45
    restrictions on  23
  smokeless tobacco campaign 67-62
  spending by tobacco companies  161
  substantial government interest 77-i
  targeted to women 37
  unlawful or misleading  7 7.3-7 74
  voluntary code published by the tobacco
   industry 164
Advocacy campaigns
  direct advocacy 4(1.&W
   media ad\.ocacv iOiG109
Advocacy Institute 2%-1-I. 102, 401
AEG. S& American Economics Group, Inc.
Affxtive education models 6.3
African Americans


  cttecti\ ent'ss in sniohlng cei~ation  14.
     IL-124
Antitobaccoism

  earlv campaign against cigarettes  3044
Antitrust iacvs 3-233
Anxiety

  treatment during smoking cessation  I24
Anxiolvtics

  effectiveness in smoking cessation  74,724
Ari7ona

Proposition 200, 397

  statewide ban on smoking in public places  47
Arizona Tobacco Education and Prevention Program
392-392

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
  smoking prevalence  97-98
ASSIST. Sw American Stop Smoking Intervention Study
Australia

   Consumer's Federation of Australia  277
  North Coast Healthy Lifestyle Programme  37%379
  warning label requirements  709
   Western Australia Tobacco Control Act of 1990  768
Aversive-smoking strategies 707-108
A7TEPP. Sw Arizona Tobacco Education and
Prevention Program

B

Bons,lck, ldmtxs Albert
  cigarette rolling machine patent  30, 306
Brand loyaltv
  advertising and  7 62
Brand slvitching 709-770
Brandt, Allan b'i. 34
Broadcast xl\ ertising ban  76.7-766
Broils ~1. Phil/p Morris Cm.  767, 236. 237, 244
Bro\vn & Williamson-British-American Tobacco
Company 223

H7fil7nf7 i'. C~rflfo P/fi7ruu7ccfrtim/ /Cormdo/ Ltlf.  786
RIK~;~&~I il. R.]. Rqrmlds Tobnrco Cu.  243
BUGA-UP. Sn, Billboard Utilising Graffitists Against
Unhealthy Promotions
Bupropion

   effect on discomfort of nicotine
     Lvithdrawal 727-722
  effects of postcessation change in body weight  722
  efficacy for smoking cessation  74.721
  relevant process measures  722
   side effects 122
Burlev tobacco

  domestic consumption  296-297
  support program 302, 303
Burney, Dr. Leroy E. 39
Buspirone hydrochloride
  smoking cessation treatment  714
lii/t/~~r i'. :\rirtYiil7ir Th7c-c-c~ co.  24%`4`4

C

Califano, Joseph A. 46
Cdlifornid
  dult smoking pre\,alence  359
  per capita cigarette consumption .38S-389
  pre\,cwtion and control programs  x;-389
  Proposition 65 14.5
  Proposition YY 3.39, .?a;-388
  !wuth tobacco use prevalence  389
California Tobacco Control Program 358
California L'nfair Competition Law  7;;
Cl7/ifOl./l/~7 i' P/ii/i/l Mol'ri5 ltli   745
Californians tar honsmokers' Rights 4,
Californians tor Scientific Integrity  2.54
Camel cigarettes
  "Joe Camel" ad campaign  7.3, 7/Y-778
Canada
  health messages on cigarette packages  786
   Tobacco Products Control Act  769, 770, 782
  tvarning label requirements   169-770
C~711[7dil711 Clmrt~~r of Rigi7t.i 1717d Fwcdo~~rs  7 70
Cancer. Sw Lung cancer
Cancer Pre\,ention Studies 784


  Pawtucket Heart Health Program  727, .3;9-.3RO
  Stanford Five-City Project  7;. 72;. 3;9%380
Carnes Bettv
C3rter `G&v ?,
            7'-
`
Carter: Jimm~v 49
Cnstnr70 i'. h;~ii7ri 7ih?i1-0 CO.  236, 2.3;
CAUC. Sw Coalition Against Uptol1.n Cigarettes
CBO. SW Congressional Budget Office
CDC. Scp~* Centers for Disease Control and Pi-e\-ention
Celebrw.ze, Anthony J. 76&7i+d
Cellulose acetate fibers  7 52
Center for Corporate Public In\ ol\,ement  47
Center for Substance Abuse and Prwention  ,374
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
   tr7i~iroJrrrff~/ltl7l Toh7rilJ SWOkf Ill t/i?
    workplnr~~ 48

Gliillr~/ifw.i for Si/?d H~~iiltl? /'rl',(v'7H?' ii, I'fw~~trt
TdJi7~C~~ LIW ililil Adi~ic-tic~Jl  77. 80-82
Initiatives to Mobilize for the Pre\.ention and
Control of Tobacco Use program  82
National Tobacco Control Program 385
report development 5
Research to Classroom project  8.5
Third National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey 7 96

CCllff'i?/ HlidSOfl Gl75 C; Elt'Ctrif i'. Pfil!lic- _SL'Fi,ic-c' CLlli7~lli55iOil
of New York  7 70
Crr7trnl H1idsoi7 test  7 i_`, 7;.?-7;;
Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer   769
Cessation of smoking. SW also Management of nicotine
addiction

   incidence of 97,99
CHAD. SW Community Syndrome of Hypertension,
Atherosclerosis and Diabetes program
717~ Ci7nr7g117~ Ci;wrcttc 434
Chewing gum, nicotine 773-776
Chewing tobacco. SW Smokeless tobacco
Chicago Anti-Cigarette League 32
C/7i<~/O D. Lx/ (If Prc5tcu7  7 7.3
Child custody cases
  ETS rulings 248-249
Children. SW Youth
Cl7r7stinr7 fftwld 38
Cigarette advertising. SW Ad\sertising
Cigarette brands
   Accord 309
  Chesterfield ad campaigns 37
   Dakota 102-40.3
  Eclipse 309
  "Joe Camel" ad campaign  7 5. 7;;Pl;Y

Lucky Strike ad campaigns 3;
Next 787

slvitching brands for nicotine fading  709-770
L!ptown 399
x 400

Cigarette fading 709
Cigarette Safety Act 749
Cigarettes. SCCT also Tax issues; Tobacco; Tobacco use
   additi\,es 782-783
  adult per capita consumption linked to major
    smoking and health events in the U.S.  33
   antitobaccoists' \,iews  30-3 7
  appeal to women 36-3;
   attraction of 3-1-36
   constituents of smoke  1 i9-782
  del,elopment of filter-tip cigarettes 38
   distincti\.e features of 35-36
  domestic consumption  297,299
  domestic market shares of companies  3Oi
  early medical studies 38
  effect of price increases  19
  effect of price on demand  .322-335
   e\ olution of the industrv  m-377
  tactors involved in incrfased consumption  37
   introduction of 30
  lolv-price stores 377
  pre\,alence of use 97-98
  prohibition mo\~ement 32
   reduced-tar cigarettes  768
  rolling machine in\-ention  30
  sales of single cigarettes  274
  samples distribution to minors  217
   smokeless 309

  smuggling acti\-ities  347
  use among youth  67-67, 97-98
Cigars

  appeal of cigarettes over cigars  35-36
Cipollone, Rose  2 7, 226
c;/Jd/~W i'. L;gzCc'tt &Jli/J, Illi.  3-1, 7 72, 7 73, 226-228
Civil Aeronautics Board 46
Class actions 236-738
Class of 1989 Study  76-i.5, 78
   Clean indoor air. SW n/so Env-ironmental tobacco
     smoke

attitudes toward restriction, and bans  203
case studies of state and local smoking
restrictions 206-20;
consequences of exposure to ETS  793, 7 95-7 96
effectiveness of restrictions  202-206
legal foundation for regulation of public
smoking 7 9;

nonsmokers' exposure to ETS 202-203
overview of regulation  16
prevalence of exposure to ETS  796-79;
status of restrictions to limit smoking in public
places 7 9/-X-7

Clinical inter\.entions
   intcnsi\e 7 3. iO.i-17.5
   Illillilll`~l I ;. /0_7-1f)T

44;


    o\,er\.ie\\ ot  I?
Cliniidl Practice Guidt~line If)?, I.33
Clunidine
   etfect on discomfort of nicotine \vithdra\\-al    123
  efficacv fot- xnoking cessation  74, 7x-773
  relevant process niedsures  IZ.3
   side effcck 77.3
Coalition Against Uptown Cigarettes  399
Coalition for a Smoke-Free Socictv 2000  385-386
Coalition for Tobacco-Free Ari7o1;a  ,397
Coalition on Smoking OR Health  2 T, 46, 78;. 401-402
College graduates
  smoking prevalence 97-95
Collins, Lerov 40
Commercial programs
  educational programs  82, 8.3
Commercial speech
  constitutionalitv of regulation  777-17.2
  definecl 770
  vice evcepfion  7 76
COMMIT. SW Community Intervention Trial for Smoking
Cessation
Committee of Fifty to Study the Tobacco
  Problem 3 7
Commodity Credit Corporation .GI)-.?UZ
Common-law claims 2.X-737
Community-based inter\.entions
  overGie\y of 20
Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation  20,
  12;-1-7s,.w-.i82
Community programs
  countermarketing 409-476
  direct advocacy 405-40;
  electronic netkvorking 403%40.i
   inter\-ention trials 37638.2
  for management of nicotine addiction
      72;-7z
   media advocacv  40;-4ol-?
  multifaceted educational programs  7.3%so
Community Syndrome of Hvpcrtensinn, Alher-osclerosis
and Diabetes program  3;6-377
Compensatory smoking
   low-tar cigarettes anil 784
Comprehensive programs
   communitv interl.entioii trials .i,-b-.~S_7
   communitv program components  403-4 IO
  description .3;4-.iYi,
    overvielv of  3-27
    statetvide interventions  .H-40.3
Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Hedth Education Act
of 1986 75, ro:, 7/5
Comprehensive Smoking Education Act of 198-l  7.5, 76;
Computer-generated personalized feedback
  efficacy in management of nicotine addiction 101,
     704, 7 3.2
Congressional BuLlget Office  ii I
Coirtk~tii~lt 7 Philip Mcvri~ /iii. 13.3
CPJIJIO~ ;I. li./. R~~i/i~~d,l> `Tohiiic~ Cc,.  Ii.;
Consolidated Anti-Cigarette League ii


Cnpitnl Broadcmti77g Co. v. Mitd7ell  165
Capifal Cities Cab/r, Ir7r. il. Crisp  173
Cnstnr7o v. A777ericn77 Tobacco Co.  236, 237
Cer7tml H17dsor7 Gns 6 Electric v. Public Sewice

i'. Ul7itd Stntrs Elli~irtrrlrllc,rltrrl Profrrfior7
Aget7cy 195, 252

Tohrro Corp. 197

Food ar7d Drug Ad777inistrnfim7 ~1. Brow77 0

44 Liquorn7nrf 172, l/d. 77.5
44 Liqmwarf, 117~. il. Rncir7e  175
44 Liquor777art, 117~. il. Rl7odc Ish77d  176
Gainsborough Street Rmlty Trust ~1. Reece nr7d Kristy

Hailc 247-248

drs Trbacs et All7lr7zettes  252
Guatcvrala ~1. Tobacco Institute 252
Hnir7cs ~7. Liggett Group, I77r.  226, 228-229
Hnrn7er 7'. Virginia Electric nrzd Power Co.  246
He/w7 i'. Hrl7n 249

Hollouny ~1. Brisk&Myers Corp. 177
Ho777eyer v. Sfm7lcy Tulchi77 Associates, Inr.  237
Horowitz v. Lorillard Tobacco Co.  235
1t7 re A7~bzrcl7on 249
117 re Ciprcttr Cases  235, 243
117 rt' Cm-Willim7s Tobacco Co.  253
177 re Kirk Fordicc 05 Goverr7or of Mississippi  253
In re Pl7ilip Morris lr7c.  254
It7 rc Pirdwrtotz Tobmx Co.  251
ln re R.]. Reymlds Tbbarco Co.  I77
117 re U17ior7 Carbide Corp. Gas Plat7t Disaster. at Bhopl,

lr7dia it7 Dercr77hcr, 7983 252
In re W/k 71. Wilk 249
Knrbizcl77yk ~1. R.]. Reyr7olds Tobncro Co.  23.5

Kenr77ey 7'. Pl7ilip Morris Cm.  250
Kyfe ~1. Pl7ilip Morris Cos.  250
LRfI7kP il. Fufnriilr7 C(JK/J. 249-250
Lnrtiquc 7'. X.1. Rcy77olds Toborro Co.  22.5
Lee il. Deprtri7er7t of Public- Wdfnw  2 97
Lnr7<y Islal7d Tobncco Co., II~c., 7'. Lindsny  l/9
Lo7risim7n ~1. Atfrerica77 Tobncco Co.  253
Mnr7gir7i P. X.1. Rryr7old~ Tobacco Co.  161, 7 72,
177-l ia, 241

Mnrylar7d 1'. Pl7ilip Morris Ir7c.  253
Mnssachusett~ ~1. Pl7ilip Morris Ir7c.  253
McGrw 17. Au7ericarr Tobarco Co.  247
MrKir7r7cy v. Andersor7 268
Meltro777tdiil l77r. 71. City of 5777 Diegu  275
Mir777rwtn ~7. Philip Morris Iur.  161, 183, 222,
23s240,242

Monrc ~1. A777cricn77 Tobm-co Co.  238-239
M77IIer ~1. Costello 247
Nafinr7al Aswriiltior7 of Co77iw7iel7re Stores

Cou~7riI of Baltimore  172-l 73,175-1?6
Philip Morrk [!7r. v. Bl77777ct7tl7nl  253
P17ilip Morris 17~. ~7. Grnl7m7  253
Pl7ilip Morris I77r. ~1. Harhbnrger  183, 253
Po.517h5 dc Pucrtc~ Rico Associates ~1. Towisrr7 Company

of Puerto Rim  171, 175, 176
Public Citim7 ~1. Fcdernl Trade Cor77777issior7  168
Qwo7sg7tr Ir7wstr77rvrt Co. ~1. Liquor Co77troI

Rl7odc Island Liq7mr Stores Associnfior7 v. Ever7iq Call

P7rb. Co. 172

Rirl7nrrlor7 ~1. Pl7ilip Morris, It7c.  236
R.]. Reyj7olds Tobncco Co. z'. E~glc  238
R.]. Reynolds Tobnrro Co. ~1. \olrr7 Does  254
RJRmM~cDo)7nld fr7r. 71. ilttort7ey Gemwl o,f

Cn17nda 170

R/R Nnbisco Holdi77gs, Corps. 1'. D111717  24-2
Rubin 71. Coors Brewir7g Co.  2 71
Shimp x NPZO jersey Bell Telepl~om~ Co. 197,

245-246

Slripr77nr7 ~1. Pl7ilip Morris Cm.  250
%rn/l v. Lorillnrrl Tobacco Co.  236
Sn7itl7 1'. W&err7 Ekrtric Co.  19i
Sparks u. R.]. Rcyr7olds Tobnrco Co.  7 78
S tnrru7 P. McDormld `s Corp.  246
Stnte ~1. Goodricl7 35

Stop Youtl7 Addirtion, Im. ~1. Lurky Stores, Inc.  252
Take Fiw Ver7di77g, Ltd, ~1. Tow77 of Prozlit7crtour7  255
Terns ~1. Auwrim77 Tubnrro Co.  222
llr7itcd Stntcs Tobncco Co. v. Food nr7d Dr7rg


D

Dakota brand 402103
D.A.R.E. Sre Drug Abuse Resistance Education
Day, James Roscoe 32
Day 01rr 2%
Dental examinations
   as intervention for smokeless tobacco
     cessation  7 03-7 05
Department for Overthrow of Tobacco Habit  37
Department of Commerce and Related Agencies
Appropriations Act  37 9
Department of Narcotics
  campaign against tobacco 33
   formation of 37
Dependence
   defined 7 29
   measurement of 729
Depression
  and negative affective reaction to smoking
     cessation 2 30
  treatment during smoking cessation  724
Developing nations
   tobacco use in 437
Direct advocacy
   effectiveness of 20
  history of 105
  impact of 405~4Oi
DNA Plant Technology Corporation  258
DOC. Srr Doctors Ought to Care
Doctors Ought to Care  306,408
Doggett Amendment 379
Doxepin hydrochloride
  smoking cessation treatment 721
Drug Abuse Advisory Committee  2 85
Drug Abuse Resistance Education  64, 82
Drugs. See Substance use

Duke, James Buchanan
  mechanization of cigarette manufacture  30. 306
Dllrlngirf il. Cify of o.Yforll  771, 7 75
Diivrkir? i'. Pf/ky 2`48
Dysphoria 707

E

Eclipse brand 309
EcoNet 401
Economic issues

behavioral economics studies of cigarette
demand 335-336
cigarette prices and other substance use
336-337

economic influences on smoking  41
economic model of addictive behavior  370
effect of price on demand for tobacco
products 322-337
evolution of the U.S. cigarette industry
306-377

  impact of prevention policies  308-377
  impact of the U.S. tobacco industry  320-322
  implications of concentrated tobacco
    production 308
  policy over\,iew 78-20
  supply of tobacco and tobacco products
     29.5-298
  taxation of tobacco products 337-359
  tobacco price supports 298-306
  trade policv 377-320
Etftvrfirld i'. Fr?rw 7 i4
E~fxt, H~onh7.iti77~  7 T-7, 7 i2. 7 76
Edison, Thomas  32
Education
  reading level as attribute of self-help manuals  707
Educational programs
   affective education model 63
   basic curriculum 82
   combined activities 83
  commercial programs  82
  communitv programs 83
  diffusing programs 80-85
  Drug Abuse Resistance Education  64
   information deficit model 63
  longer-term follow-up of school-based
     programs  69-73
  models for smoking prel-ention programs  63-61
  monitoring program objecti\,es  83
  multifaceted programs ;.?I-80
  national guidelines for 80
   overview of 72
  programs including families 83
  research on effectiveness of programs  64-80
  School Health Policies and Programs Study  SO-82
  shorter-term follow-up of school-based
    programs 65-68


RedlrcinR Tbhncco USC

   social influences model 63-G-l
   state-based assessment 82-83
  supplemental programs 82-83
  Tobacco Institute programs 43
Edic~ards il. GMRI. im. 247
Eighth Amendment issues
  U.S. Supreme Court ruling on ETS in prisons  248
Electronic networking 403-105
Euw!/ i'. Cnrilz~?i of Drcnrw, Illi.  246
Endicott, Dr. Kenneth Mile 47
England

  Legal Aid Board 251
Et+ il. R 1. Rr~yrdfs ToPncco CO.  236, Z37-238
En,ironmental Protection Agency
   classification of ETS I8
Environmental tobacco smoke. SLY II/W Clean indoor air
   attitudes toward restrictions and bans  202-20.3
  cases against nontobacco parties  245246
   and child custody cases 218-249
  consequences of exposure  791-7 96
  effects of restrictions on smoking behavior  203-706
  failure to disclose harm from ETS suits against
    tobacco companies 245
  legislation against lb, 17
  nonsmoker claims against
     manufacturers 243-245
  nonsmokers' exposure to 202-203
  nonsmokers' rights organizations  405-107
  prevalence of exposure 296-197
  research concerning J/-i8
  ruling on ETS in prisons  248
  tobacco industry response X2-253
Et1z~irorzt72ct2ta/ Tobacco Smoke: Mcaswirzg
EXPOSES md Asscssiug Health Effc&  48
Emiromwtztal Tobacco Smoke iri t/w Workplncc  38
EPA. See Environmental Protection Agency
ETS. See Environmental tobacco smoke
European Union

  banning of high-tar cigarettes  2 79
  ceiling on tar content of cigarettes  180
  warning label requirements 769
Excise taxes 337,338
Export Credit Guarantee Program  312
Extratreatment social support 110-112

F

Fagerstrijm questionnaires 229
Fairness Doctrine  l&15,45, 165, JZO-$12
Falisr ZJ. Amricav Tobacco Co.  242
FAME. SW Florida Anti-Tobacco Media Evaluation
Families

  education programs that include 83
FCC. SW Federal Communications Commission
FDA. See Food and Drug Administration
FDCA. See Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act  II, 49.
l63-165,164,167,172-1/-1,777,226-22;

Federal Communications Commission
  broadcast advertising ban  45, 165-l 66
   Fairness Doctrine l&15,45, 165
Federal Emergency Management Agency  183
Federal excise tax 338
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act  182,189
Federal Hazardous Substances Act  312
Federal Republic of Germany
  prevention program 382
Federal Trade Commission
  complaint against R.J. Reynolds Tobacco
    Company 7 77

orders against health claims in cigarette
advertising 39

  required M-arning labels on cigarette packs  41
  staff report on cigarette advertising  166-767
  tobacco advertising regulation 25,41
  Trade Regulation Rule 163
Federal Trade Commission Act  15, 763, 177
Finland

  North Karelia Study  78,3;6-378
First Amendment

advertising restrictions and  159, 170-l 71
tobacco companies' lawsuit against FDA
189-l 90

"Five A's" approach 103
Fla\,or and Extrdct Manufacturers Association of the
United States 7 82

Flavorings 183-781
Floor Manager's Amendment 192
Florida

  programs funded by settlements with the tobacco
    industry  395-396
Florida Anti-Tobacco Media Evaluation 397
F/oridn 8~71. i'. hk'rlt Fat' It, If7C.  174
Florida Tobacco Pilot Program 395-396
F/oridn zl. ilmrricarz T~hcco Co.  160, 222, 230
Flue-cured tobacco

  domestic consumption 296,298
  support program 302-303
FIl~Knred Tobncco Cooperafizw Stahilizafior~ Corp. u. United
Shfes Emiro~~rmwtal Protectim Ageq  2 95, 252
Fluoxetine hydrochloride
  smoking cessation treatment  124
Focused smoking 108
Food 6 Drug Adn~ir~isfrhv~ u. Brozcw & Willinmsor~ Tobacco
Corp. 2 91
Food additives 182

Food and Drug Administration
  Drug Abuse Advisory Committee  185
  proposed regulation of tobacco as an addictive
   product 187-l 92

proposed regulation restricting tobacco use by
youth 188

  rulings on authority of  190-l 92
  sales to minors regulation  381
  tobacco product regulation  15-l 6,159-l 60
Food o,~d DrliS Adruirlisfmtiot~ zl. Brow 0 Willinmor?  160
Food for Peace Program 372

351


Ford, Henry

  campaign against tobacco  .i7
Formal cessation treatments 706
44 Liqrmm7f?  7 72, 7 74, 7 7.i
44 Liqzmwn7~t, 11~. i'. Rncirw  77.5
34 Liquom77t, [Ifc. 7'. Rhode lslo/frl  176
F0.x 111 771-7i2
Freedom-of-choice defense 7 7
FTC. SW Federal Trade Commission

G

Haile 247-248

GASP. SW Group Against Smokers' Pollution, Inc.
Gaston, Lucy Page

  campaign against tobacco 32
GATT. SW General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GCP Study. SW German Cardiovascular Prevention Study
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade  302,372,
375326,377-318

Generally Recognized as Safe additives  182
Genotoxic agents 282
German Cardiovascular Prevention Study 387
GLOBALink 404
Glycyrrhizin 2 82
Goldston, Steven F.  7 92
Go7rrlnir7 7'. Socictc' N~7tior7iilc D'Erplniti7tim7 /~7~frist~i~~l/~~ de

nmi' Addictiar7 72, SO-82
Gum, nicotine  173-7 7 6

H

Hnirrcs ~7. Liggrtt Group, I7rc.  226, 228-229
Handicap discrimination 246-247
HandsNet 404
Hamer ia. Vir$r?in E/cctrir- nr7d I)oiwl. co  ?Jb
Hatch, Orrin G. 49
7-/7r Hcnlth CO/?WI~"""`C" of ~idIir7tn~!/ 5t77CJki/i;;  48
Health insurance. SW Insurance companies
Health movement
   antitobaccoism views 37
Health promotion
  characteristics of successful campaigns  414-416
  community intervention trial5 376-382
  community program components  403-47 6
  comprehensive program description  374-376
  efforts by religious organizations  401-402
  federal programs 407

  national programs 383-385
  programs for special populations  398
  programs for the African American
    community 398-400
  programs for women 400-402
  reducing use of chewing tobacco  402&403
   statewide interventions 382-403
  strategies  373-374
Health Protection Fund 389-390
Health Security Act 337
Hralthy Pcoplt~ 2000: Nntiorml Hen/t/l Prornotio~z nrzd Disense
PKwv7tiaf7 OlJjccfirv5 5, 97, 433
Htdtiy Pco/dc 2070  5, 77, 13, 97, 436
Heart disease. SW Cardiovascular disease
Heart Disease Prevention Project 3/6,377,377-378
Heaviness of Smoking Index  729
Helm i'. Hdm 249

Here's Looking At You, 2000 program  82,83
High school dropouts
  smoking prevalence 97-98
Hispanics

  efficacy in management of nicotine addiction  101
Hvpnosis therapv  772

I

ICC. 5~~~ Interstate Commerce Commission
IMI'ACT. 5~~3 Initiatives to Mobilize for the Pre\,ention
and Control of Tobacco Use
Imperial Tobacco Ltd. 306
Implied l\,drranty claims 1;
1 n d i a

antitobacco community education
program 380

   chemical plant explosion 252
Indoor air. 51~~ Clean indoor air; Environmental tobacco

smoke

Information deficit models 63
Informed consent 786-787
Inhaler, nicotine 7X-727
Initiatives to Mobilize for the Prevention and Control of


Rerhci17~~ Khx-co Use

Institute for Global Communications 103
Insurance companies
  cost-effectiveness of management of nicotine
     addiction 733-734
   nonsmoker discounts 13
Intensive clinical interventions
  acupuncture 272
  aversi\,e-smoking strategies  7u7-70s
   content variables 2 0.5-706
  counseling effectiveness  105
  cue exposure 7 08-709
  description 7 05
  dose-response outcomes 737-7.32
  focused smoking 7 08
  hypnosis 172
   motivational relrards 770
  nicotine fading 709-770
   overx4ew of 73
  problem-solving training 706-70;
  rapid puffing 108
  rapid-smoking strategies  711;-7oh'
  satiation therapy 708
   selection bias 706
  shift from clinical to public health
     orientation 106
  skills training  7 06-7 0;
  social support 770-777
   structural \,ariables 70.5
  iveight control  7 7 7
Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility  -707
International issues
  foreign plaintiffs in U.S. courts  2.5-2.52
  increase in foreign tobacco use  296-79;
  tobacco litigation abroad 257
   tobacco taxes 345-350
  tobacco use in developing nations  13;
  trade policy 377-320
International Network of Women Against Tobacco  407
International Red Cross 32
International Summit of Smoking Control Leaders  382
Internet sites X73-40.5
Interstate Commerce Commission 200
Interventions. Scr nlsc~ Clinical interventions
   characteristics of 9
   classification of 7-8
  community-based 20
  community trials 376-382
   dissemination of 436
  evaluating outcomes 8, 70
  qualitative assessment of 70-77
Intratreatment social support 770-777
INWAT. Set International Network of Women Against
Tobacco
Israel
  Community Syndrome of Hypertension,
    Atherosclerosis and Diabetes 376-3;;
"It's the Law" program 1.3

1

Japan
  trade policy 373
Jefferson, Thomas 30
"Joe Camel" ad campaign  75, 7 77-l 78
Johnson, Lvndon B. 19
Join Together  404
Jordan, David Starr 32
Juvenile Work 37

K

h'hiiiw/k z'. x.1. kh/f?(J!il5 Tthmt~ Co.  2%
Kmrr~cy lv. Philfp Mt&ris Cm.  250
Kellogg, Dr. John Harvey 37
Kessler, David A. ZS;-768,229
"Kiddie" packs 768
Kids Against Tobacco program  83
King James I

  antismoking campaign  29
King Tobacco Diplomacy 311
Knolz Your Body program  65, 68, 72, 73
Koop, Dr. C. Everett 48
Kotin, Dr. Paul 47
Kuykcndall, Dan H. 41
KYB. Sw Know Your Body program
Kufc 7'. Philip Mtwk Cm.  250

L

Labeling. Sw Packaging; Warning labels
LI1111kt i'. Fflfvrin/l corj7. 219-250
hfiqw il. R./. Rrymlds Tthmt~ Co.  225
Latter-day Saints

  campaign against tobacco 33
Lawsuits. See Court cases
LL'L' i'. Dt~jmrtll7rflf of Plll~lit- Wtdfffw  19;
Legal Aid Board 257
Legal issues. Sw Court cases
Licensure policies 27.5
Licorice root  7 82
Life insurance companies
   nonsmoker discounts  13
Life Skills Training Program  69-70, i2, 73,85
Liggett & Myers Tobacco Company  306-307
Liggett Group, Inc.  774,789
  See o/so Cipllorw il. Ligpff Gmp, Iur.
Litigation. Sw irlw Court cases
   aftermath of the first two waves of tobacco
   litigation 227-229
  aggregation devices  235
  anticipatory effects 255-256
   antitrust laws 232-233
  approaches  22.3-260
   claims of nonsmokers  213-250


class actions 236-238
common-law claims 230-237
consumer protection claims  Y-232
cost reduction procedures  213
criminal proceedings 2.56-259
enforcing minors' access laws  250-251
enhancing prohibitory regulation by private
litigation 250-257

ETS and child custody cases  248-239
ETS cases against nontobacco parties  245-246
ETS claims against manufacturers  243-245
failure to disclose harm from ETS suits against
tobacco companies 245
first wave of tobacco litigation  225-226
foreign plaintiffs in U.S. courts  252-252
handicap discrimination/Americans with
Disabilities Act 246-247
industry-sponsored opposition to state and local
control efforts 253-2.55
Medicaid reimbursement cases 238-242
overview of  2 7-18
potential public health benefits of tobacco
litigation 221-225

private law as means of risk control  224-225
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations
Act 233-235

restrictions on advertising  2.51
ruling on ETS in prisons  248
second wave of tobacco litigation  226-227
seepage of smoke from one dwelling unit to
another 217-248

small claims tribunals to recover the cost of
quitting 243
statutory claims  231-23s
third-party reimbursement cases 238-2d2
third wave of tobacco litigation  229-256
tobacco industry response to the science of
ET'S 252-253

  tobacco litigation abroad 2.51
  tort as a private law control  22-i
  U.S. reliance on private larz- controls  221
  victims of smoking-related fires  219-250
Loans
   nonrecourse 300
Local ordinances

  industry-sponsored opposition to  254-255
  restricting environmental tobacco smoke 20l-2G
Local taxes 338-341

Long Islamf Tobncco Co., lw., i'. Lindsq  179
Lorillard Tobacco Company 289,306-30;
Loz~isiann 1'. Atnericnv Tohm-CJ Ccl.  253
Low-tar cigarettes 168, 284-785
Loyal Temperance Legion
  campaign against tobacco 33
LST Program. See Life Skills Training Program
Lung cancer

earlv research relating smoking and  38-39
environmental tobacco smoke and  295
low-tar cigarettes and 184

M

Maddox, Roland 235
Madison Square Garden 257
Magnuson, Warren Grant 45
Mail-based programs
  for management of nicotine addiction  125-226
Maine Tobacco Prevention and Control Program  393
Males
  management of nicotine addiction  130
  prevalence of smokeless tobacco use  62-62
  smoking prevalence 9i-98
Management of nicotine addiction
   clinical issues 228-232
  community programs 127-128
   cost-effectiveness 133-133
  dose-response  7 31-l 32
  early relapse 731
  epidemiologic concerns 128-232
  the "five A's" approach  103
   hot lines 101
  incidence of smoking cessation  97,99
   individualized treatment  132
   intensiv-e clinical interventions  705-113
  large-scale public health programs  225-728
  media-based programs 225-126
  meta-analysis of 100
   methods for 700-728
   minimal clinical interventions  102-105
  negative affective reaction  130
  nicotine dependence 729
   odds ratios 100
    outcome measures  1uu
   o\.erview ot 13-74
  personalized feedback 101
  pharmacologic interventions 113-725
   process measures  100,701-702
   research issues 726-132
   role of the clinician  132
  self-help manuals 1011-702
  sex-specific differences  130
  stages of change  129-130
  statetvide programs 728
  telephone counseling 107
  treatment components 132
  weight gain 131
  \vithdra\val symptoms  130-237
  vvorksite programs  126-12;
Mangini, Janet 1;;
Mn,l,yirri ~7. R.1. Rryrolds Tol~ncc-0 Co.  767, 1 ii!. 7 77-7 78,
Manuals, self-help 100-102
.Marijuana use
  impact of cigarette prices on  336-337
  impact of school-based prevention programs  7
Marketing quotas 300
"Marlboro Friday" 335
Maryland tobacco 296
Mnrylar7d ~1. Philip .Morri5 IM.  2.53

-394

211

2, is


Mass media campaigns. 5,~ Media-based programs
Massachusetts
  adult smoking prevalence 390
   Health Protection Fund 389-390
  per capita cigarette consumption  .39U
  Tobacco Control Program 389
  youth tobacco use pre\,alence  390-397
~Massi~/~~is~~tf. il. Pldij~ Morris Ir7i.  -753
Master Settlement Agreement  5. 77, 7bO. 777. 293-794
Maxicare Research and Educational
Foundation 733
McCain Committee Bill   192
McGrw i'. Awcricnri fiJbilii0 Cc,.   247
McKi17r7e1/ il. A77ifrmrr  248
Measure'14 392
Media
  ad\socacy for reducing tobacco USC  40;-409
  broadcast advertising ban 76.5-766
  community advocacy programs  17;
  effectiveness of ad\.ocacy programs  70
Media-based programs
  for management of nicotine addiction 725-17(>

prevention campaigns  -- -- -_I
               / 6-, , , /h-T9

MLYlk Sfrl?tf'~iPY for Srlrc,h-iiy Co~ltrrll~ Gl/iilc/irri?
Medicaid reimbursement cases 1.?8-247
Meehan, Martin T. 2s;
Meta-analyses 700
M&w?mfin 1,7c. i'. citu of 5717 Dif::`O  7 7.7
MFN. Set Most favoied nation treatment
MHHP. Set, Minnesota Heart Health Program
Michigan Anti-Cigarette Society  37
Midwestern Prevention Project 7.5, 78
Miller, William 30
Millerites 30

Minimal clinical interventions
  efficacy  7 04-7 05
  the "five A's" approach  703
   overview of 73

40;

  recommended institutional changes  702-103
  relevant process measures   705
   role of the clinician  132
   underuse of  7 02
Minimum prices 300
Minnesota

Coalition for a Smoke-Free Society 2000  38.5-386
legislation regulating smoking in public places  47
programs funded by settlements with the tobacco
industry 397-398

Minnesota Blue Cross and Blue Shield
   Web site 229
Minnesota District Court
   Web site 229

Minnesota Heart Health Program  i&75, 7i-i8, 770. 72/,
379-380

712~' M~I~HPSO~~I Ph for h'01751m1ki~7~ m7d Hcnltl7  386
Minnesota Smoking Prevention Program  70, SL
Mii7i7csota il. Philip M71rris Ir7s.  167. 783, 27-7. ?39-24U, 242
Minorities

smoking prevalence 97-98

  targeted by tobacco advertising 762
Minors. 5,~~ Sales to minors
Mississippi

  programs funded by settlements with the tobacco
     industrv  394-395
Mississippi Julr&ile Tobacco Access Prevention Act

394-39.5

Monitoring the Future Study  67
MOllr-c i'. Al77iTicnl7 mm-co co.  X8-239
Mormons

  campaign against tobacco 33
Moss, Frank E. 4.5
Moss, John E. 163-764
Most favored nation treatment 239-247
Motivational rwvards intervention 720
MPP. Sw MidLvestcrn Prevention Project
Mlillf~i- C'. Costd/o  247
Multifaceted education programs ;.3-SO
Multinational trade agreements 376-375
Multistate settlements 760

N

NAFTA. 5'~' North American Free Trade Agreement
Nasal spra!`, nicotine 778-720
National Anti-Cigarette League 32
Notiorml A5w~-rnt7orr of Corrwrricvm~ Stows P. Kcskr  189
National Cancer Institute 82. 768, 787,374
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and

Health Promotion 5
National Health Interview Survey  97-99. 784
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute  .?;9
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health  48
National Institute on Drug Abuse  61
National Interagency Council on Smoking anal Health  46
National Research Council 48
National Smokers Alliance 254
National Spit Tobacco Education Program  402-403
National Tobacco Control Program 385
National Tobacco Policy and Youth Smoking Reduction
Act 760

National Woman's Christian Temperance Union
  campaign against tobacco 37-34
NCI. Sw National Cancer Institute
Negative affecti\,e reaction  701, 230
Kegligence claims 17
Neighbors for a Smoke Free North Side  399
Neuberger, Richard L. 39
New Jersey

  legislation regulating smoking in public places  47
Newspapers. Sw Media-based programs
"Next" brand 787

XHLBI. Sw National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Nicotine

addiction level 787
change in ratio of tar to nicotine  780-7s7
classification as a drug  78/-/8`s
content in cigarettes  751


dependence 729

disclosure requirement  75
FagerstrGm questionnaires 1-79
gum  21.3-726
increasing levels of "free" nicotine  782,783
inhaler 710-727

  maintenance programs  7 s.5
  nasal spray 778-720
  reduced-nicotine cigarettes 2 68
  replacement products 785
  requirements for disclosure of le\.els  7/s
  smokeless tobacco as delivery system  67-62
   transdermal 726-778
Nicotine addiction. SW illso Management of nicotine
addiction
  stages of process
Nicotine fading 7 09-77 i'
Nicotine polacrilex  773-276
Nicotine replacement therapies
   overview of 7 3-74
Niess, Major General Oliver K.  10
No Net Cost Tobacco Program Act  307
Non-Smoker's Bill of Rights  46
Non Smokers Health Protection Act  376
Non-Smokers' Protective League of America  32
Nonrecourse loans 300
Nonsmokers' rights
  ETS and child custody cases  248-219
  ETS cases against nontobacco parties  245-246
  ETS claims against manufacturers  -743-215
  failure to disclose harm from ETS suits against
    tobacco companies 215
  grassroots organizations 105
  handicap discrimination/Americans with
     Disabilities Act -746-24;
  institution of nonsmoking areas in public
    places 46-1;

legislation against ETS i/
Non-Smoker's Bill of Rights  46
research on ETS 4/-18
ruling on ETS in prisons  248
seepage of smoke from one dlvelling unit to
another 2-17-248

  victims of smoking-related fires  249-7.76
North American Free Trade Agreement  376-37;
North Carolina

mass media campaign on smoking pre\ ention
i&/9

North Coast Healthy Lifestyle Programme  378~379
North Karelia Study 72?,3,`6-3i8
Nortllcrltt i'. Nortlmtt 249
Nortriptyline

   effect on discomfort of nicotine
     withdrawal 7 24
  efficacy for smoking cessation  71, 723
   side effects 721
Norway

  mass media campaign on youth smoking  79
NSA. SW National Smokers Alliance

NSTEP. SW National Spit Tobacco Education Program
NTCI'. SW National Tobacco Control Program

0

Ochsner, Alton 38
Odds ratios 700

Office of Health Promotion and Disease

Prevention 5

Office on Smoking and Health  5
Ohrnlik 5'. Ohio Stntr Bnr Assrr.  7 73
Ok1d70~~217 Tdccaskrs A.ssociiltiorz 7'. Crisp  7 73, 7 74, 7 75
Ok/dm~~ il. R./. Rcyr7olds Toohnrco Co.  217
Old Joe. Srr "Joe Camel" ad campaign
Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act  373
Operant conditioning theory 770
Oral Health America 402
Oral lesions

   smokeless tobacco and 704
Oregon
   Measure 44 392

Oregon Health Plan 392-393
Oregon Tobacco Pre\,ention and Education Program  393
Organized cessation treatments 70.5
Osteen, Judge William L., Sr.  790

P

Pacific Islanders. &Y' Asian Americans and Pacific
Islanders

Packaging. SW ~7ls~ Ad\.ertising; Warning labels
   for consumer education 7Si-78;
   and informed choice  781,
  "kiddie" packs [OS
  plain packaging recomn-\enclations  769
  rtagulation ot  1 b8-7 ;(I
   used in other countries  7(;!%7;0
I'ack\vood, Robert W. 19
Parenting for a Positive Future  83
Pat-tnwhip for a Healthy Mississippi  .?91-393
Passi\-e smoking 40
/',7t/lii'i77/> tcr ~rc~Ld~~rr; CV//fJfi/f'q f/k' F/`qirt /Iprir75f
  fid~,7iiO 19R-399

fi7i'/iifc'i i' ~c7/i2c'51clf7 >>li/it R17>;77. /17i-.  186-7s;
Pa\vtucket f~jeart Health Program  72;. 379~.%W
PeaceNet 403~4-l
Pearl, Rnvmond 38
Pease, D1'. Charles G. 37
Peer-led pre\,ention programs 70
Peer smoking

  impact on tobacco use by youth  67, 63-6-I
P1v177 Ad~c~rtisi/r;; of Bnlti,rwL~, I~Ic. F. Mayor or7d City Ct11[17ci/
of Ralti,lJclrl~  7 72-7 ;?. 7 74, 7 ;.i-7 76
Pershing, General John Joseph  37
Personalized feedback
  efficacy in management of nicotine addiction  701,
     704, 7.32


Pharmacies
   tobacco sales and  27 6
Pharmacologic interventions
  antidepressants 723-724
  anxiolytics 723-72-7
  bupropion 7 21-122
   clonidine 122-723
  efficacy 77-I
  nicotine gum 77.?%776
   nicotine inhaler 720-727
  nicotine nasal spray 778-720
  nicotine polacrilex 773-776
  nortriptyline 723-223
   o\wview of  7 3-7 4
  summary of 724-72.5
   transdermal nicotine 776-778
Philip Morris Companies Inc.  306-308, 108
  First Amendment rights lai\suit  789
  investigation of research  25i
   "Next" brand 787
Pi~ilip M~v/s //ii. i'. Bl~rrrwlflrnl  253
Plli/i/~ Morris Irrc-. 1'. Grnimr~~  -7.53
I'ililip Momis /II~. 7'. H171.5/1/~71;:`~~1~  7 8.3, 2.53
Physical dependence 729
Pinkerton Tobacco Company 2.52
Pipe smoking
  appeal of cigarettes oI,er pipes  35-36
Plug War 32
I'o~i7da~ de PuiJrfo Rim Asoiiofc~~ i'. Toririsrt~ Corqu7,y of
Pwrfcl Rico  777, 77.5, 7 /6
Poverty status
  smoking prevalence and 97-98
PPXNet 40-I
Pregnancy
  cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation  133
  environmental tobacco smoke dangers  196
  use of transdermal patch during  778
President's Cancer Panel  768, 785
Prwmfit~<~ To2mcc~1 U~c Amoq Yourlj~ Peopk  62, 83
Prevention programs
  business support 43,15
   school-based 65-80
  Tobacco Institute smoking education materials  4
Price supports 298-306
Price Waterhouse 320-322
Prisons
  ruling on ETS 248
[`rivate law
  potential public health benefits of tobacco
   litigation 221-225
  tort as a private law control  224
  U.S. reliance on private law controls  224
T'roblem solving/skills training
  for smoking cessation 706-707
I'roduct regulation
   overview of 75-16
t'rograms that Work 85
Project ALERT 71, 72
Project SHOUT 65, 72, i.3

Project TNT. Sw Project `Towards No Tobacco Use
Project Tolvards No Tobacco Use  65, 73, 85
Promotion of tobacco products. Sw n/so Advertising
  spending by tobacco companies  767
Proposition 65 215
Proposition 99 339,38;-388
Proposition 200 397
PllPliC Cifkffl i'. Fedfrill Tldc CUll?lfliSSiUf7  7 68
Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act  45. 165, 767, 7 77,
22;

Public health programs
  for management of nicotine addiction  725-728
Public Health Service
   Clinical Practice Guideline 703
  early study on health effects of smoking  39
Public smoking. Set Clean indoor air;
En\ ironmental tobacco smoke

Q

  Co~ffrfli55ic~l? 7 7.5
"Quit Centre" 3i9
"Quit for Life" campaign 3i8-379
Quotas 300

R

Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations
Act 233-235
Radio. SLY, ~/se Media-based programs
  cigarette advertising ban  165-766
Radon Gas and Indoor Air Quality Research Act of
1986 195
Rapid puffing   708
Rapid-smoking strategies 7CG208
Rmfer's Dipf 38, 39
Reduced-tar cigarettes 768, 281-785
Regulatory efforts. See o/so Court cases
  for advertising and promotion  267-278
  clean indoor air regulation  79J-2Oi
  on FDA authority  7 90-7 92
  federal legislation  7 60
  Food and Drug Administration
    regulations 759-l 60
  litigation approaches 223-260
   minors' access to tobacco  207-223
   multistate settlement 760
   overview of  7 1-7 8
  product regulation  7 78-7 9g
  public and private litigation  760-167
  response from the tobacco industry  101
Relapses
  early relapse 737
  minimal clinical interventions  7 03-l 04
  negative affective reaction and  730
  problem sol\,ing/skills training Z&Y-7Oi


S

Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of
lY86 235
Sales taxes 33;
Sales to minors
  agencies responsible for enforcement of state
     lalvs 218-221
  buyer-directed regulation 276
  early prohibition legislation  3 7
   enforcement of laws  27 Y-222
  enforcing la~.s  2X-251
   incidence of 20;-208
  influencing factors  X8
  means of sale regulation  217-274
  o\,er\.ier\, of regulation  lb-77
  preemption of local action by state policy  223
  regulation of  209-23
  restrictions on distribution of samples  277
  seller-directed regulation  774-776
  state laws relating to  272-27.3
   state settlements 222-223
  vending machine sales 208
SAMHSA. SW Substance Abuse and Mental Health
  Ser\,ices Administration
Samples distribution 277
Sarokin, Judge H. Lee 278-229
Satiation therapy 708
Save a Sweet Heart program  82
SCARC. SW Smoking Control Ad\.ocacy Resource Center
SCARCNet 404.408
School-based prevention programs
  longer-term follow-up 69-73
  multifaceted programs  ;3-so
  shorter-term follo~v-up 6.3%68

  summary of research studies  72-73
School Health Policies and Programs Study  SO-82
Secondhand smoke 46
Self-help manuals

as adjunctive interventions  101
effectiveness of mail-based intervention  125
efficacy  2 00-7 07
o\,erview of 73

  relevant process measures 707-702
Self-service displays 274
Senate Commerce Committee bill  791
Seven Countries Study 376-377
Seventh-day Adventists
   antitobaccoism views 30-37
Sherman Act 306-307
Siiirn/l i'. New /evscy Bell TelephJHe co.  19i,245-246
S/li~J17f171? i'. P/dip Morris cos.  250
Shoplifting
  deterring  274
SHPPS. SW School Health Policies and Programs Study
Skills training

  for smoking cessation 706-207
S~mll il. Lorillanl Toh~cco Co.  236
Sfllif/l i'. Cvc5tcrx Ekfric co. 797
Smoke

Smoke Free Class of 2000  84
Smke sip7ls: TllL~ S,rrrkiry Corrfd Mrdiii Hnr1dhJk  a;
Smokeless cigarettes 309
SmokeLess States program 209.383
Smokeless tobacco
   additi\res 783-784

  effect of price increases  7 9
  effect of price on demand  335-336
   efforts to reduce use of  402-403
   federal excise taxes ,339
   minimal clinical inter\-entions  703-705
   oral lesions and 704
  prevalence of use 07-62
  requirement for disclosure of nicotine content  179
  tvarning label requirements  767-768
Smokeless Tobacco Council 223
Smoking. SW Cigarettes; Tobacco use
Smoking behavior

   effects of restrictions 203-206
Smoking Cessation 733
Smoking cessation. SW o/sio Management of nicotine
addiction incidence of  97,99
Smoking Control Advocacv Resource Center  40;
Smoking-Hazards Prevention Act 324-375
Smoking reduction. SW also Health promotion
  hygiene movement 30-37
  impact of movement 48-50
   moral issues -IF--I9
Smuggling activities 347
Snuff. SW n/w Smokeless tobacco
   increased use of  67 -62



Third-party reimbursement cases 2.3$P?42
Three-Corn~~i~~~~it~ Study .3;6--37,s
Tobacco. Sao 17150 Cigarettes; Promotion of tobacco
products
  domestic consumption  296,299
  economic implications of concentrated
    production 308
  genetic engineering of  787,258
  increase in foreign tobacco use  296-297
  minimum prices 300
   nonrecourse loans 300
  price supports 298-306
  prohibition movement 32
   quotas 300
  samples distribution to minors  217
  supply of 295-298
   taxation of 337-359
  types of 296
TO~IZCC(J: Htdpiri,y l'o~~llz Soy h'c,  473
Tobacco addiction
  stages of process  62
Tobacco and Cancer Committee  39
Tobacco Business Act 315
Tobaccc~ Corltrol: A BIuppritIt to Pmfect t/w Htwlfl~ of
Carmdiar~s 7 i0
Tobacco Control Act 300
Tobacco control coordinators 82
Tobacco industry
  changes in 434-435
   domestic market shares 307
  economic impact of 320-322
  economic importance of  7 9
   evolution of 306-327
  response to the science of ETS  252-253
  tactics to promote tobacco use  43-44
  voluntary code for advertising and marketing
    practices 264
Tobacco Inspection Act .?OO-307
Tobacco Institute 223
  "It's the Law" program 43
  smoking education materials  43
Tobacco Monopoly Act 375
Tobacco products
  effect of price on demand  322-337
Tobacco Products Control Act  769, 770, 782,376
Tobacco Products Liability Project  226, 250
Tobacco Program Improvements 307
Tobacco Sales to Young Persons Act of 1993  168
Tobacco support program
   overview of 7 9
Tobacco Tax and Health Care Act  341
Tobacco Tax and Health Promotion Act  339,38/-388
Tobacco use. SW n/so Health promotion; Sales to minors
   in the American colonies 29
   bv American soldiers 32-33,47
  &minalization of 29
  delayed progression of related diseases and  47-42
  early history of 29-30,295
   early medical studies  38-39

   econL>niic influences 47
  effect of price increases  79
   efforts for control in the future  27, 438
  historical aspects 72
   influences on 7
   and informed consent 186-787
   issues in reduction of   6-11
  by minorities 97-98
  wrerview of historical aspects  72
  prevalence of 6, 97-98
  reasons for use among youth  62-63
   social influences 47
  tobacco industry promotion tactics 4314
  trends among )iouth 67-62
  by youth 97-98
Tobncco USC Anmrg U.S. Rncin//Ethr7ic Mirmify Grotrps
  398
Tort
  as a private law control  224
Toxic Substances Control Act  312
Trade Act of 1974  372-37 3
Trade and Tariff Act  373
Trade Expansion Act 372
Trade policy
  global production 377
  with Japan 373
  multinational trade agreements  326-318
  past policy 372
  recent developments 378-320
   Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1975  372-373
   lvith South Korea  375
   Ivith Tairvan 37.3-37.5
   lvith Thailand 375-376
Trade Regulation Rule 763
Trafficking in Contraband Cigarettes Act  347, 3.50
Transdermal nicotine 776-778
Transthcoretical model 729-730
Trask, George
   dntitob,iccoism \,ic\vs 37
`rwl7~ir7<~ Tohiii-0 Il.i,~ ,?rllf Dt~/`""fcwic~  703
TVSFP. SLY* Tele\,ision, School, and Family Smoking
Pre\ ention and Cessation Project

U

2,

Underaged smokers. SPL, Salvs to minors
Unfair competition
   defined 7 77
L'nited Air Lines

  institution of nonsmoking sections  46-J;
Cnited Kingdom Heart Disease Prevention Project  376,
  3;;-3;8

University ot Vermont School program  K-7


Lnpuffables program 83
Upton71 brand 399
Uruguay Round Agreements Act 328
Uruguay Round ot GATT 377-378
U.S. Ci&rette Export Association  372-372
U.S. Department of Health and Human Ser\?ces  .i
U.S. House of Representatives

Web site 229

U.S. National Archives and Records Administration  408
U.S. Supreme Court
  ruling on ETS in prisons  24s
USDHHS. %P U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services
Uydess, Jan 230

V

w

Walsh, Dr. James 1.  38
Warning labels. SLOP nl.so Packaging
   circle-and-arrow format 76;
   FTC recommendations 767
  FTC requirement 47
  regulatory requirements 763-765, 767
  smokeless tobacco requirements  167-168
   used in other countries  769-l 70
Waterloo Smoking Projects 10-X
Waxman, Henry A. 2.58
WCTU. See Woman's Christian Temperance Union
Webb-Pomerene Act 372
Weight control programs 271
Weight gain
  bupropion effecti\,eness  7 22
  nicotine gum effectiveness 276
   nicotine inhaler effectiveness  121
  nicotine nasal spray effectiveness  119
  relapse and 737 '
  transdermal patch effectiveness 778
Wil, Gots/lrll 85 MI?/f~~L'S LLP 71. Lorl<gst,yy+ Ass(tria&s,
  /-.P. 248
LVcstcrn Australia Tobacco Control Act of IYYO  768
Whltt~, Ellt~n Gould tlarmon
   anti tob,lii~~i\nl t ic>\\.5  i&ii

Whites

  smoking prevalence 97-98
WHO. Sw World Health Organization
WHO Tobacco Free Initiative  637
Wiiiilicii:Mi7ildr,s il. Browri & Will~nttrsorr Tnbaccc~ Cnr;~  23.5
Widener, Judge H. Emory, Jr.  290
Wigand, Jeffrey 230
Wiley, Harvey W. 32
Willard, Frances

  campaign against tobacco 37
lJVi//iillflS i' spt'tf"`~ 7 7s
Wilner, Nor\\-ood 2.35
Withdra\val symptoms
  bupropion effecti\,eness 727-122
   clonidine effectiveness  723
  nicotine gum rftectiveness  775776
   nicotine inhaler effectiveness  720
  nicotine nasal spray effectiveness  219
  nortriptvline effectiveness  724
  relapse and 730-1.37
  transdermal patch effectiveness  77 7
LVb/fJitl i'. P/ii/i/l MOrYii lilC.  245
Woman's Christian Temperance Union
  campaign against tobacco 37-34
Women. SW n/so Pregnancy
  appeal of cigarettes 36-37
  management of nicotine addiction  130
  prevention and education programs 4OO-407
  responsiveness to cue exposure therapy  108
  smoking pre\,alence  97-98
  lveight control programs following smoking
     cessation  7 7 7
lkrf7crl i'S. SlllOkilf<~ Nr~ticYlrk  400, 402403
WONDER 404
Working Well Trial 226-727
Workplaces
  environmental tobacco smoke exposure  196-797
  environmental tobacco smoke litigation 245-246
  private sector restrictions on environmental tobacco
     smoke 202
   state restrictions on environmental tobacco
     smoke 207
  worksite programs for management of nicotine
     addiction 726-22;
World Bank 437
World Health Organization 374,437
World Trade Organization 32;
Wright, Judge J. Skelly  7 65
WSP. Sw Waterloo Smoking Projects
I/t!yf?tt, Tnfwr7f 0 Collrbs i'. Willinrm  2.53

X

"X" brand 400


Y

Z