-CITE-
    43 USC CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY          01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
                CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY            

-MISC1-
    Sec.                                                     
    31.         Director of United States Geological Survey.          
                  (a)  Establishment of office; appointment and
                        duties; examination of geological structure,
                        mineral resources, and products of national
                        domain; prohibitions in respect to lands and
                        surveys.                                      
                  (b)  Examination of geological structure, mineral
                        resources, and products outside national
                        domain.                                       
    31a.        Findings and purpose.                                 
                  (a)  Findings.                                      
                  (b)  Purpose.                                       
    31b.        Definitions.                                          
    31c.        Geologic mapping program.                             
                  (a)  Establishment.                                 
                  (b)  Responsibilities of the Survey.                
                  (c)  Program objectives.                            
                  (d)  Program components.                            
    31d.        Advisory committee.                                   
                  (a)  Establishment.                                 
                  (b)  Duties.                                        
    31e.        Geologic mapping program 5-year plan.                 
                  (a)  In general.                                    
                  (b)  Requirements.                                  
    31f.        National geologic map database.                       
                  (a)  Establishment.                                 
                  (b)  Standardization.                               
    31g.        Biennial report.                                      
    31h.        Authorization of appropriations.                      
                  (a)  In general.                                    
                  (b)  Allocation of appropriations.                  
    31i.        Report on resource research activities.               
    31j.        Biological research activity of Survey; review and
                 report by National Academy of Sciences.              
    32.         Acting Director.                                      
    33.         Repealed.                                             
    34.         Scientific employees.                                 
    35.         Repealed.                                             
    36.         Purchase of books.                                    
    36a.        Acquisition of scientific or technical books, maps,
                 etc., for library.                                   
    36b.        Acquisition of lands or interests therein for use in
                 gaging streams or underground water resources.       
    36c.        Acceptance of contributions from public and private
                 sources; cooperation with other agencies in
                 prosecution of projects.                             
    36d.        Cooperative agreements.                               
    37.         Omitted.                                              
    38.         Topographic surveys; marking elevations.              
    39, 40.     Omitted.                                              
    41.         Publications and reports; preparation and sale.       
    42.         Distribution of maps and atlases, etc.                
    42a.        Use of receipts from sale of maps for map printing and
                 distribution.                                        
    43.         Copies to Senators, Representatives, and Delegates.   
    44.         Sale of transfers or copies of data.                  
    45.         Production and sale of copies of photographs and
                 records; disposition of receipts.                    
    46 to 48.   Omitted or Repealed.                                  
    49.         Extension of cooperative work to Puerto Rico.         
    50.         Survey's share of cost of topographic mapping or water
                 resources investigations carried on with States.     
    50-1.       Funds for mappings and investigations considered
                 intragovernmental funds.                             
    50a.        Working capital fund for United States Geological
                 Survey.                                              
    50b.        Recording of obligations against accounts receivable
                 and crediting of amounts received; work involving
                 cooperation with State, Territory, etc.              
    50c.        Payment of costs incidental to utilization of services
                 of volunteers.                                       
    50d.        Services of students or recent graduates.             

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 31                                              01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 31. Director of United States Geological Survey

-STATUTE-
    (a) Establishment of office; appointment and duties; examination of
      geological structure, mineral resources, and products of national
      domain; prohibitions in respect to lands and surveys
      The Director of the United States Geological Survey, which office
    is established, under the Interior Department, shall be appointed
    by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
    This officer shall have the direction of the United States
    Geological Survey, and the classification of the public lands and
    examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and
    products of the national domain. The Director and members of the
    United States Geological Survey shall have no personal or private
    interests in the lands or mineral wealth of the region under
    survey, and shall execute no surveys or examinations for private
    parties or corporations.
    (b) Examination of geological structure, mineral resources, and
      products outside national domain
      The authority of the Secretary of the Interior, exercised through
    the United States Geological Survey of the Department of the
    Interior, to examine the geological structure, mineral resources,
    and products of the national domain, is expanded to authorize such
    examinations outside the national domain where determined by the
    Secretary to be in the national interest.

-SOURCE-
    (Mar. 3, 1879, ch. 182, 20 Stat. 394; Pub. L. 87-626, Secs. 1, 2,
    Sept. 5, 1962, 76 Stat. 427; Pub. L. 93-608, Sec. 2(6), Jan. 2,
    1975, 88 Stat. 1971; Pub. L. 102-154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105
    Stat. 1000; Pub. L. 104-66, title I, Sec. 1081(e), Dec. 21, 1995,
    109 Stat. 721.)

-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      Subsec. (a) of this section is from act Mar. 3, 1879. Subsecs.
    (b) and (c) of this section are sections 1 and 2, respectively, of
    Pub. L. 87-626.
      Provisions of subsec. (a) of this section which limited the
    salary of the Director of the Geological Survey to $6,000 a year
    were omitted as obsolete. See section 5316 of Title 5, Government
    Organization and Employees.

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1995 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104-66 struck out subsec. (c) which
    read as follows: "The Secretary of the Interior shall report to the
    Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President of the
    Senate on January 31 of each year on all actions taken pursuant to
    subsection (b) of this section during the year ending on the
    December 31 immediately preceding the reporting date and on the
    results of such actions."
      1975 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93-608 substituted requirement of an
    annual report for requirement of a semiannual report.

-CHANGE-
                              CHANGE OF NAME                          
      Pub. L. 102-285, Sec. 10(a), May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 171,
    provided that: "The Geological Survey established by the Act of
    March 3, 1879 (43 U.S.C. 31(a)), is designated as and shall
    hereafter [on and after May 18, 1992] be known as the United States
    Geological Survey."
      "United States Geological Survey" substituted for "Geological
    Survey" in subsecs. (a) and (b) pursuant to provision of title I of
    Pub. L. 102-154, which provided: "That the Geological Survey (43
    U.S.C. 31(a)) shall hereafter [on and after Nov. 13, 1991] be
    designated the United States Geological Survey."

-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and
    agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to
    Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan
    No. 3 of 1950, Secs. 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64
    Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.

-MISC2-
              CONTINENTAL SCIENTIFIC DRILLING AND EXPLORATION          
      Pub. L. 100-441, Sept. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1760, provided: "That
    this Act may be cited as the 'Continental Scientific Drilling and
    Exploration Act'.

      "SEC. 2. PURPOSES.
      "The purpose of this Act is to - 
        "(1) implement section 323 of the joint resolution entitled
      'Joint Resolution making continuing appropriations for the fiscal
      year 1985, and for other purposes', approved October 12, 1984
      (Public Law 98-473; 98 Stat. 1875) [set out below] which supports
      and encourages the development of a national Continental
      Scientific Drilling Program;
        "(2) enhance fundamental understanding of the composition,
      structure, dynamics, and evolution of the continental crust, and
      how such processes affect natural phenomena such as earthquakes,
      volcanic eruptions, transfer of geothermal energy, distribution
      of mineral deposits, the occurrence of fossil fuels, and the
      nature and extent of aquifers;
        "(3) advance basic earth sciences research and technological
      development;
        "(4) obtain critical data regarding the earth's crust relating
      to isolation of hazardous wastes; and
        "(5) develop a long-range plan for implementation of the
      Continental Scientific Drilling Program.

      "SEC. 3. FINDINGS.
      "Congress finds that - 
        "(1) because the earth provides energy, minerals, and water,
      and is used as a storage medium for municipal, chemical, and
      nuclear waste, an understanding of the processes and structures
      in the earth's crust is essential to the well being of the United
      States;
        "(2) there is a need for developing long-range plans for a
      United States Continental Scientific Drilling Program; and
        "(3) the Continental Scientific Drilling Program would enhance -
       
          "(A) understanding of the crustal evolution of the earth and
        the mountain building processes;
          "(B) understanding of the mechanisms of earthquakes and
        volcanic eruptions and the development of improved techniques
        for prediction;
          "(C) understanding of the development and utilization of
        geothermal and other energy sources and the formation of and
        occurrence of mineral deposits;
          "(D) understanding of the migration of fluids in the earth's
        crust for evaluation of waste contamination and the development
        of more effective techniques for the safe subsurface disposal
        of hazardous wastes;
          "(E) understanding and definition of the size, source, and
        more effective use of aquifers and other water resources; and
          "(F) evaluation and verification of surface geophysical
        techniques needed for exploring and monitoring the earth's
        crust.

      "SEC. 4. IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTINENTAL SCIENTIFIC DRILLING
        PROGRAM.
      "The Secretary of the Department of Energy, the Secretary of the
    Department of the Interior through the United States Geological
    Survey, and the Director of the National Science Foundation shall
    implement the policies of section 323 of the joint resolution
    entitled 'Joint Resolution making continuing appropriations for the
    fiscal year 1985, and for other purposes', approved October 12,
    1984 (Public Law 98-473; 98 Stat. 1875) [set out below] by - 
        "(1) taking such action as necessary to assure an effective,
      cooperative effort in furtherance of the Continental Scientific
      Drilling Program of the United States;
        "(2) taking all reasonable administrative and financial
      measures to assure that the Interagency Accord on Continental
      Scientific Drilling continues to function effectively in support
      of such program;
        "(3) assuring the continuing effective operation of the
      Interagency Coordinating Group to further the objectives of such
      program;
        "(4) taking such action to assure that the Interagency
      Coordinating Group receives appropriate cooperation from any
      Federal agency that can contribute to the objectives of such
      program, without adversely affecting any program or activity of
      such agency;
        "(5) acting through the Interagency Coordinating Group,
      preparing and submitting to the Congress, within one hundred and
      eighty days after the enactment of this Act [Sept. 22, 1988] a
      report describing - 
          "(A) long and short-term policy objectives and goals of the
        United States Continental Scientific Drilling Program;
          "(B) projected schedules of desirable scientific and
        engineering events that would advance United States objectives
        in the Continental Scientific Drilling Program;
          "(C) the levels of resources and funding for fiscal year 1989
        that would be required by each participating Federal agency to
        carry out events pursuant to subparagraphs (A) and (B);
          "(D) the scientific, economic, technological, and social
        benefits expected to be realized through the implementation of
        such program at each level described in subparagraph (C);
          "(E) a recommended course for interaction with the
        international community in a cooperative effort to achieve the
        goals and purposes of this Act;
          "(F) the extent of participation or interest shown to date in
        the Continental Scientific Drilling Program by - 
            "(i) any other governmental agency;
            "(ii) any academic institution;
            "(iii) any organization in the private sector; and
            "(iv) any governmental or other entity in the international
          community;
          "(G) a plan to develop beneficial cooperative relationships
        among the entities mentioned in subparagraph (F), to the extent
        that the Interagency Coordinating Group deems practicable; and
          "(H) any other information or recommendations that the
        Interagency Coordinating Group deems appropriate; and
        "(6) submitting to the Congress annually, beginning one year
      after the submission of a report under paragraph (5), a report
      describing the levels of resources and funding that would be
      required by each participating Federal agency for the next fiscal
      year to carry out events pursuant to paragraph (5)(A) and (B)."
      [For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law
    requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other
    regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103-7 (in
    which a report required under section 4(6) of Pub. L. 100-441, set
    out above, is listed as the 10th item on page 149), see section
    3003 of Pub. L. 104-66, as amended, and section 1(a)(4) [div. A,
    Sec. 1402(1)] of Pub. L. 106-554, set out as notes under section
    1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.]
      Pub. L. 98-473, title I, Sec. 101(c) [title III, Sec. 323], Oct.
    12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1837, 1875, provided that: "It is the sense of
    the Congress that the Continental Scientific Drilling Program is an
    important national scientific endeavor, benefiting the commerce of
    the Nation, which should be vigorously pursued by Government and
    the private sector. The Continental Scientific Drilling Program is
    an important national scientific endeavor that is vital to the
    understanding of the geologic evolution of the Earth and the
    economic value of its resources; the most effective and efficient
    means of realizing the fullest potential in the Continental
    Scientific Drilling Program is through a cooperative effort by the
    Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, and the
    United States Geological Survey; many important commercial and
    scientific advances may result from the Continental Scientific
    Drilling Program; and many foreign nations are engaged in a
    comparable deep drilling program, and cooperation and coordination
    would be beneficial to United States efforts. It is the sense of
    the Congress that - 
        "(1) the Continental Scientific Drilling Program is an
      important national scientific endeavor by the United States which
      should be enthusiastically implemented through a joint
      cooperative effort among the United States Department of Energy,
      the National Science Foundation, and the United States Geological
      Survey;
        "(2) the private sector should be encouraged to support the
      Continental Scientific Drilling Program and the participating
      agencies should solicit appropriate private sector participation
      in such program; and
        "(3) the United States Government should cooperate to the
      extent practicable with the international community in developing
      this important scientific and technical activity."

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 31a                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 31a. Findings and purpose

-STATUTE-
    (a) Findings
      The Congress finds and declares that - 
        (1) during the past 2 decades, the production of geologic maps
      has been drastically curtailed;
        (2) geologic maps are the primary data base for virtually all
      applied and basic earth-science investigations, including - 
          (A) exploration for and development of mineral, energy, and
        water resources;
          (B) screening and characterizing sites for toxic and nuclear
        waste disposal;
          (C) land use evaluation and planning for environmental
        protection;
          (D) earthquake hazards reduction;
          (E) predicting volcanic hazards;
          (F) design and construction of infrastructure requirements
        such as utility lifelines, transportation corridors, and
        surface-water impoundments;
          (G) reducing losses from landslides and other ground
        failures;
          (H) mitigating effects of coastal and stream erosion;
          (I) siting of critical facilities; and
          (J) basic earth-science research;

        (3) Federal agencies, State and local governments, private
      industry, and the general public depend on the information
      provided by geologic maps to determine the extent of potential
      environmental damage before embarking on projects that could lead
      to preventable, costly environmental problems or litigation;
        (4) the combined capabilities of State, Federal, and academic
      groups to provide geologic mapping are not sufficient to meet the
      present and future needs of the United States for national
      security, environmental protection, and energy self-sufficiency
      of the Nation;
        (5) States are willing to contribute 50 percent of the funding
      necessary to complete the mapping of the geology within the
      State;
        (6) the lack of proper geologic maps has led to the poor design
      of such structures as dams and waste-disposal facilities;
        (7) geologic maps have proven indispensable in the search for
      needed fossil-fuel and mineral resources;
        (8) geologic map information is required for the sustainable
      and balanced development of natural resources of all types,
      including energy, minerals, land, water, and biological
      resources;
        (9) advances in digital technology and geographical information
      system science have made geologic map databases increasingly
      important as decision support tools for land and resource
      management; and
        (10) a comprehensive nationwide program of geologic mapping of
      surficial and bedrock deposits is required in order to
      systematically build the Nation's geologic-map data base at a
      pace that responds to increasing demand.
    (b) Purpose
      The purpose of sections 31a to 31h of this title is to expedite
    the production of a geologic-map data base for the Nation, to be
    located within the United States Geological Survey, which can be
    applied to land-use management, assessment, and utilization,
    conservation of natural resources, groundwater management, and
    environmental protection.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 102-285, Sec. 2, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 166; Pub. L. 106-
    148, Sec. 2, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1719.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      Sections 31a to 31h of this title, referred to in subsec. (b),
    was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 102-285, which is
    classified principally to sections 31a to 31h of this title. For
    complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title
    note below and Tables.

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1999 - Subsec. (a)(8) to (10). Pub. L. 106-148 added pars. (8)
    and (9) and redesignated former par. (8) as (10) and inserted "of
    surficial and bedrock deposits" after "geologic mapping".

                       SHORT TITLE OF 1999 AMENDMENT                   
      Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 1, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1719, provided
    that: "This Act [enacting sections 31e, 31g and 31h of this title,
    amending sections 31a to 31d and 31f of this title, and repealing
    former sections 31e, 31g, and 31h of this title] may be cited as
    the 'National Geologic Mapping Reauthorization Act of 1999'."

                       SHORT TITLE OF 1997 AMENDMENT                   
      Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 1, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1107, provided
    that: "This Act [amending sections 31b to 31h of this title and
    enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] may be
    cited as the 'National Geologic Mapping Reauthorization Act of
    1997'."

                                SHORT TITLE                            
      Section 1 of Pub. L. 102-285 provided that: "This Act [enacting
    this section and sections 31b to 31h of this title, amending
    sections 1457, 1457a, and 1782 of this title, sections 450ii-3,
    665, 1133, and 3151 of Title 16, Conservation, section 262k of
    Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, section 1677 of Title
    25, Indians, sections 1, 1a, 2, 3, 4, 4c, 4d, 5, 6, 7, 8, 411, 412,
    804, 812, 871, 878, 1224, 1229, 1232, 1311, 1315, and 1604 of Title
    30, Mineral Lands and Mining, and sections 5814 and 6505 of Title
    42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as
    notes under section 31 of this title and section 1 of Title 30, and
    amending provisions set out as a note under section 1231 of Title
    30] may be cited as the 'National Geologic Mapping Act of 1992'."

                                 FINDINGS                             
      Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 2, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1107, provided
    that: "Congress finds that - 
        "(1) in enacting the National Geologic Mapping Act of 1992 (43
      U.S.C. 31a et seq.), Congress found, among other things, that - 
          "(A) during the 2 decades preceding enactment of that Act,
        the production of geologic maps had been drastically curtailed;
          "(B) geologic maps are the primary data base for virtually
        all applied and basic earth-science investigations;
          "(C) Federal agencies, State and local governments, private
        industry, and the general public depend on the information
        provided by geologic maps to determine the extent of potential
        environmental damage before embarking on projects that could
        lead to preventable, costly environmental problems or
        litigation;
          "(D) the lack of proper geologic maps has led to the poor
        design of such structures as dams and waste-disposal
        facilities;
          "(E) geologic maps have proven indispensable in the search
        for needed fossil fuel and mineral resources; and
          "(F) a comprehensive nationwide program of geologic mapping
        is required in order to systematically build the Nation's
        geologic-map data base at a pace that responds to increasing
        demand;
        "(2) the geologic mapping program called for by that Act has
      not been fully implemented; and
        "(3) it is time for this important program to be fully
      implemented."

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 31b                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 31b. Definitions

-STATUTE-
      In sections 31a to 31h of this title:
      (1) Advisory committee
        The term "advisory committee" means the advisory committee
      established under section 31d of this title.
      (2) Association
        The term "Association" means the Association of American State
      Geologists.
      (3) Director
        The term "Director" means the Director of the United States
      Geological Survey.
      (4) Education component
        The term "education component" means the education component of
      the geologic mapping program described in section 31e(d)(3) (!1)
      of this title.

      (5) Federal component
        The term "Federal component" means the Federal component of the
      geologic mapping program described in section 31e(d)(1) (!2) of
      this title.

      (6) Geologic mapping program
        The term "geologic mapping program" means the National
      Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program established by section
      31c(a) of this title.
      (7) Secretary
        The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Interior.
      (8) State
        The term "State" includes the District of Columbia, the
      Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern
      Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.
      (9) State component
        The term "State component" means the State component of the
      geologic mapping program described in section 31e(d)(2) (!3) of
      this title.

      (10) Survey
        The term "Survey" means the United States Geological Survey.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 102-285, Sec. 3, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 167; Pub. L. 105-
    36, Sec. 3(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1107; Pub. L. 106-148, Sec.
    3, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1719.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1999 - Pars. (4) to (10). Pub. L. 106-148 added pars. (4), (5),
    and (9) and redesignated former pars. (4), (5), (6), and (7) as
    (6), (7), (8), and (10), respectively.
      1997 - Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(a)(1), substituted "In sections 31a
    to 31h of this title:" for "As used in sections 31a to 31h of this
    title:" in introductory provisions.
      Par. (1). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(a)(5), inserted heading.
      Par. (2). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(a)(2), (3), added par. (2).
    Former par. (2) redesignated (3).
      Pars. (3) to (5). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(a)(2), (5), redesignated
    pars. (2) to (4) as (3) to (5), respectively, and inserted
    headings. Par. (5) redesignated (7).
      Par. (6). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(a)(4), added par. (6).
      Par. (7). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(a)(2), (5), redesignated par.
    (5) as (7) and inserted heading.

-FOOTNOTE-
    (!1) So in original. Probably should be section "31c(d)(3)".

    (!2) So in original. Probably should be section "31c(d)(1)".

    (!3) So in original. Probably should be section "31c(d)(2)".

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 31c                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 31c. Geologic mapping program

-STATUTE-
    (a) Establishment
      (1) In general
        There is established a national cooperative geologic mapping
      program between the United States Geological Survey and the State
      geological surveys, acting through the Association.
      (2) Design, development, and administration
        The cooperative geologic mapping program shall be - 
          (A) designed and administered to achieve the objectives set
        forth in subsection (c) of this section;
          (B) developed in consultation with the advisory committee;
        and
          (C) administered through the Survey.
    (b) Responsibilities of the Survey
      (1) Lead agency
        The Survey shall be the lead Federal agency responsible for
      planning, developing national priorities and standards for,
      coordinating, and managing the geologic mapping program. In
      carrying out this paragraph, the Secretary, acting through the
      Director, shall - 
          (A) develop a 5-year strategic plan for the geologic mapping
        program in accordance with section 31e of this title, which
        plan shall be submitted to the Committee on Resources of the
        House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and
        Natural Resources of the Senate not later than 1 year after
        December 9, 1999;
          (B) appoint, with the advice and consultation of the
        Association, the advisory committee not later than 1 year after
        December 9, 1999, in accordance with section 31d of this title;
        and
          (C) not later than 3 years after December 9, 1999, and
        biennially thereafter, submit a report to the Committee on
        Energy and Natural Resources of the United States Senate and to
        the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives
        identifying - 
            (i) how the Survey and the Association are coordinating the
          development and implementation of the geologic mapping
          program;
            (ii) how the Survey and the Association establish goals,
          mapping priorities, and target dates for implementation of
          the geologic mapping program; and
            (iii) how long-term staffing plans for the various
          components of the geologic mapping program affect successful
          implementation of the geologic mapping program.
      (2) Responsibilities of the Secretary
        In addition to paragraph (1), the Secretary, acting through the
      Director, shall be responsible for developing, as soon as
      practicable - 
          (A) in cooperation with the Association, other Federal and
        State agencies, public and private sector organizations and
        academia, the geologic-map data base; and
          (B) maps and mapping techniques which achieve the objectives
        specified in subsection (c) of this section.
    (c) Program objectives
      The objectives of the geologic mapping program shall include - 
        (1) determining the Nation's geologic framework through
      systematic development of geologic maps at scales appropriate to
      the geologic setting and the perceived applications, such maps to
      be contributed to the national geologic map data base;
        (2) development of a complementary national geophysical-map
      data base, geochemical-map data base, and a geochronologic and
      paleontologic data base that provide value-added descriptive and
      interpretative information to the geologic-map data base;
        (3) application of cost-effective mapping techniques that
      assemble, produce, translate and disseminate geologic-map
      information and that render such information of greater
      application and benefit to the public; and
        (4) development of public awareness of the role and application
      of geologic-map information to the resolution of national issues
      of land use management.
    (d) Program components
      (1) Federal component
        (A) In general
          The geologic mapping program shall include a Federal geologic
        mapping component, the objective of which shall be to determine
        the geologic framework of areas determined to be vital to the
        economic, social, environmental, or scientific welfare of the
        United States.
        (B) Mapping priorities
          For the Federal component, mapping priorities - 
            (i) shall be described in the 5-year plan under section 31e
          of this title; and
            (ii) shall be based on - 
              (I) national requirements for geologic map information in
            areas of multiple-issue need or areas of compelling single-
            issue need; and
              (II) national requirements for geologic map information
            in areas where mapping is required to solve critical earth
            science problems.
        (C) Interdisciplinary studies
          (i) In general
            The Federal component shall include interdisciplinary
          studies that add value to geologic mapping.
          (ii) Representative categories
            Interdisciplinary studies under clause (i) may include - 
              (I) establishment of a national geologic map database
            under section 31f of this title;
              (II) studies that lead to the implementation of cost-
            effective digital methods for the acquisition,
            compilation, analysis, cartographic production, and
            dissemination of geologic map information;
              (III) paleontologic, geochrono-logic, and isotopic
            investigations that provide information critical to
            understanding the age and history of geologic map units;
              (IV) geophysical investigations that assist in
            delineating and mapping the physical characteristics and 3-
            dimensional distribution of geologic materials and
            geologic structures; and
              (V) geochemical investigations and analytical operations
            that characterize the composition of geologic map units.
          (iii) Use of results
            The results of investigations under clause (ii) shall be
          contributed to national databases.
      (2) State component
        (A) In general
          The geologic mapping program shall include a State geologic
        mapping component, the objective of which shall be to establish
        the geologic framework of areas determined to be vital to the
        economic, social, environmental, or scientific welfare of
        individual States.
        (B) Mapping priorities
          For the State component, mapping priorities - 
            (i) shall be determined by State panels representing a
          broad range of users of geologic maps; and
            (ii) shall be based on - 
              (I) State requirements for geologic map information in
            areas of multiple-issue need or areas of compelling single-
            issue need; and
              (II) State requirements for geologic map information in
            areas where mapping is required to solve critical earth
            science problems.
        (C) Integration of Federal and State priorities
          A national panel including representatives of the Survey
        shall integrate the State mapping priorities under this
        paragraph with the Federal mapping priorities under paragraph
        (1).
        (D) Use of funds
          The Survey and recipients of grants under the State component
        shall not use more than 15.25 percent of the Federal funds made
        available under the State component for any fiscal year to pay
        indirect, servicing, or program management charges.
        (E) Federal share
          The Federal share of the cost of activities under the State
        component for any fiscal year shall not exceed 50 percent.
      (3) Education component
        (A) In general
          The geologic mapping program shall include a geologic mapping
        education component for the training of geologic mappers, the
        objectives of which shall be - 
            (i) to provide for broad education in geologic mapping and
          field analysis through support of field studies; and
            (ii) to develop academic programs that teach students of
          earth science the fundamental principles of geologic mapping
          and field analysis.
        (B) Investigations
          The education component may include the conduct of
        investigations, which - 
            (i) shall be integrated with the Federal component and the
          State component; and
            (ii) shall respond to mapping priorities identified for the
          Federal component and the State component.
        (C) Use of funds
          The Survey and recipients of grants under the education
        component shall not use more than 15.25 percent of the Federal
        funds made available under the education component for any
        fiscal year to pay indirect, servicing, or program management
        charges.
        (D) Federal share
          The Federal share of the cost of activities under the
        education component for any fiscal year shall not exceed 50
        percent.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 102-285, Sec. 4, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 167; Pub. L. 103-
    437, Sec. 16(a)(1), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4594; Pub. L. 105-36,
    Sec. 3(b), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1108; Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 4,
    Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1720.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1999 - Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 4(1)(A), substituted
    "national priorities and standards for" for "priorities" in first
    sentence.
      Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 4(1)(B), substituted
    "develop a 5-year strategic plan for the geologic mapping program"
    for "develop a geologic mapping program implementation plan" and
    "not later than 1 year after December 9, 1999" for "within 300 days
    after August 5, 1997".
      Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 4(1)(C), substituted
    "not later than 1 year after December 9, 1999," for "within 90 days
    after August 5, 1997,".
      Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 4(1)(D)(i), substituted
    "not later than 3 years after December 9, 1999, and biennially
    thereafter" for "within 210 days after August 5, 1997" in
    introductory provisions.
      Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(i). Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 4(1)(D)(ii),
    substituted "are coordinating" for "will coordinate".
      Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 4(1)(D)(iii),
    substituted "establish" for "will establish".
      Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 4(1)(D)(iv),
    substituted "affect" for "will lead to".
      Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 4(2), added subsec. (d) and
    struck out former subsec. (d) which set out the Federal, support,
    State, and education components of the geological mapping program.
      1997 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(b)(1), added subsec.
    (a) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text
    read as follows: "There is established in the United States
    Geological Survey a National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program.
    The geologic mapping program shall be developed in consultation
    with the advisory committee and shall be designed and administered
    to achieve the objectives set forth in subsection (c) of this
    section."
      Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(b)(2)(A), (D), substituted
    "the Survey" for "USGS" in heading and realigned text margins.
      Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(b)(2)(B)(i), (ii),
    inserted heading and realigned margins.
      Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(b)(2)(B)(iii),
    substituted "Committee on Resources" for "Committee on Natural
    Resources" and "August 5, 1997" for "May 18, 1992".
      Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(b)(2)(B)(iv),
    substituted "Association" for "State geological surveys" and
    "August 5, 1997" for "May 18, 1992".
      Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(b)(2)(B)(v)(I), (II),
    in introductory provisions, substituted "August 5, 1997" for "May
    18, 1992" and "Committee on Resources" for "Committee on Natural
    Resources".
      Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(i). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(b)(2)(B)(v)(III),
    inserted "and the Association" after "the Survey".
      Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(b)(2)(B)(v)(III),
    (IV), inserted "and the Association" after "the Survey" and "and"
    after semicolon at end.
      Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(iii), (iv). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec.
    3(b)(2)(B)(v)(V), substituted period for "; and" at end of cl.
    (iii) and struck out cl. (iv) which read as follows: "the degree to
    which geologic mapping activities traditionally funded by the
    Survey, including the use of commercially available aerial
    photography, geodesy, professional land surveying, photogrammetric
    mapping, cartography, photographic processing, and related
    services, can be contracted to professional private mapping firms."
      Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(b)(2)(C)(i), inserted
    heading.
      Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(b)(2)(C)(ii),
    substituted "Association" for "State geological surveys".
      Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(b)(3)(A), substituted
    "interpretative information" for "interpretive information".
      Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(b)(3)(B), substituted
    "public awareness of" for "public awareness for".
      Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(b)(4)(A), inserted
    heading.
      Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(b)(4)(B)(i), inserted
    heading.
      Subsec. (d)(2)(D). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(b)(4)(B)(ii), added
    subpar. (D) and struck out former subpar. (D) which read as
    follows: "geochronologic and isotopic investigations that (i)
    provide radiometric age dates for geologic-map units and (ii)
    fingerprint the geothermometry, geobarometry, and alteration
    history of geologic-map units, which investigations shall be
    contributed to a national geochronologic data base;".
      Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(b)(4)(C), inserted
    heading.
      Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(b)(4)(D), added par. (4)
    and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: "A geologic
    mapping education component, whose objective shall be - 
        "(A) to develop the academic programs that teach earth-science
      students the fundamental principles of geologic mapping and field
      analysis; and
        "(B) to provide for broad education in geologic mapping and
      field analysis through support of field teaching institutes.
    Investigations conducted under the geologic mapping education
    component shall be integrated with the other mapping components of
    the geologic mapping program, and shall respond to priorities
    identified for those components."
      1994 - Subsec. (b)(1)(A), (C). Pub. L. 103-437 substituted
    "Natural Resources" for "Interior and Insular Affairs" before "of
    the House".

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 31d                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 31d. Advisory committee

-STATUTE-
    (a) Establishment
      (1) In general
        There shall be established a 10-member geologic mapping
      advisory committee to advise the Director on planning and
      implementation of the geologic mapping program.
      (2) Members ex officio
        Federal agency members shall include the Administrator of the
      Environmental Protection Agency or a designee, the Secretary of
      Energy or a designee, the Secretary of Agriculture or a designee,
      and the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology or
      a designee.
      (3) Appointed members
        Not later than 1 year after December 9, 1999, in consultation
      with the Association, the Secretary shall appoint to the advisory
      committee two representatives from the Survey (including the
      Chief Geologist, as Chairman), two representatives from the State
      geological surveys, one representative from academia, and one
      representative from the private sector.
    (b) Duties
      The advisory committee shall - 
        (1) review and update the 5-year plan prepared by the Director
      pursuant to section 31e of this title;
        (2) review the scientific progress of the geologic mapping
      program; and
        (3) submit an annual report to the Secretary that evaluates the
      progress of the Federal, State, and university mapping activities
      and evaluates the progress made toward fulfilling the purposes of
      sections 31c through 31f of this title.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 102-285, Sec. 5, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 169; Pub. L. 105-
    36, Sec. 3(c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1110; Pub. L. 106-148, Sec.
    5, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1722.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1999 - Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 5(1), substituted "1
    year after December 9, 1999," for "90 days after August 5, 1997,".
      Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 5(2)(A), substituted
    "update the 5-year plan" for "critique the draft implementation
    plan".
      Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 5(2)(B), substituted
    "sections 31c through 31f of this title" for "sections 31a to 31h
    of this title".
      1997 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(c)(1), added subsec.
    (a) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text
    read as follows: "There shall be established a sixteen member
    geologic mapping advisory committee to advise the Director on
    planning and implementation of the geologic mapping program. The
    President shall appoint one representative each from the
    Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Energy, the
    Department of Agriculture, and the Office of Science and Technology
    Policy. Within 90 days and with the advice and consultation of the
    State Geological Surveys, the Secretary shall appoint to the
    advisory committee 2 representatives from the Survey (including the
    Chief Geologist, as Chairman), 4 representatives from the State
    geological surveys, 3 representatives from academia, and 3
    representatives from the private sector."
      Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(c)(2), substituted
    "Federal, State, and university mapping activities" for "Federal
    and State mapping activities".

                    TERMINATION OF ADVISORY COMMITTEES                
      Advisory committees established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate
    not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the
    date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a committee
    established by the President or an officer of the Federal
    Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior
    to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a
    committee established by Congress, its duration is otherwise
    provided by law, see section 14 of Pub. L. 92-463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86
    Stat. 776, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government
    Organization and Employees.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 31e                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 31e. Geologic mapping program 5-year plan

-STATUTE-
    (a) In general
      The Secretary, acting through the Director, shall, with the
    advice and review of the advisory committee, prepare a 5-year plan
    for the geologic mapping program.
    (b) Requirements
      The 5-year plan shall identify - 
        (1) overall priorities for the geologic mapping program; and
        (2) implementation of the overall management structure and
      operation of the geologic mapping program, including - 
          (A) the role of the Survey in the capacity of overall
        management lead, including the responsibility for developing
        the national geologic mapping program that meets Federal needs
        while fostering State needs;
          (B) the responsibilities of the State geological surveys,
        with emphasis on mechanisms that incorporate the needs,
        missions, capabilities, and requirements of the State
        geological surveys, into the nationwide geologic mapping
        program;
          (C) mechanisms for identifying short- and long-term
        priorities for each component of the geologic mapping program,
        including - 
            (i) for the Federal component, a priority-setting mechanism
          that responds to - 
              (I) Federal mission requirements for geologic map
            information;
              (II) critical scientific problems that require geologic
            maps for their resolution; and
              (III) shared Federal and State needs for geologic maps,
            in which joint Federal-State geologic mapping projects are
            in the national interest;

            (ii) for the State component, a priority-setting mechanism
          that responds to - 
              (I) specific intrastate needs for geologic map
            information; and
              (II) interstate needs shared by adjacent States that have
            common requirements; and

            (iii) for the education component, a priority-setting
          mechanism that responds to requirements for geologic map
          information that are dictated by Federal and State mission
          requirements;

          (D) a mechanism for adopting scientific and technical mapping
        standards for preparing and publishing general- and special-
        purpose geologic maps to - 
            (i) ensure uniformity of cartographic and scientific
          conventions; and
            (ii) provide a basis for assessing the comparability and
          quality of map products; and

          (E) a mechanism for monitoring the inventory of published and
        current mapping investigations nationwide to facilitate
        planning and information exchange and to avoid redundancy.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 102-285, Sec. 6, as added Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 6, Dec. 9,
    1999, 113 Stat. 1722.)

-MISC1-
                             PRIOR PROVISIONS                         
      A prior section 31e, Pub. L. 102-285, Sec. 6, May 18, 1992, 106
    Stat. 170; Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(d), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1110,
    provided for the preparation of a geologic mapping program
    implementation plan, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 6,
    Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1722.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 31f                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 31f. National geologic map database

-STATUTE-
    (a) Establishment
      (1) In general
        The Survey shall establish a national geologic map database.
      (2) Function
        The database shall serve as a national catalog and archive,
      distributed through links to Federal and State geologic map
      holdings, that includes - 
          (A) all maps developed under the Federal component and the
        education component;
          (B) the databases developed in connection with investigations
        under subclauses (III), (IV), and (V) of section
        31c(d)(1)(C)(ii) of this title; and
          (C) other maps and data that the Survey and the Association
        consider appropriate.
    (b) Standardization
      (1) In general
        Geologic maps contributed to the national archives shall have
      format, symbols, and technical attributes that adhere to
      standards so that archival information can be accessed,
      exchanged, and compared efficiently and accurately, as required
      by Executive Order 12906 (59 Fed. Reg. 17,671 (1994)), which
      established the National Spatial Data Infrastructure.
      (2) Development of standards
        Entities that contribute geologic maps to the national archives
      shall develop the standards described in paragraph (1) in
      cooperation with the Federal Geographic Data Committee, which is
      charged with standards development and other data coordination
      activities as described in Office of Management and Budget
      revised Circular A-16.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 102-285, Sec. 7, May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 171; Pub. L. 105-
    36, Sec. 3(e), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1110; Pub. L. 106-148, Sec.
    7, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1723.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      Executive Order 12906, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is set out
    as a note under section 1457 of this title.

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1999 - Pub. L. 106-148 substituted "geologic map database" for
    "geologic-map data base" in section catchline, added subsec. (a),
    and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as
    follows: "The Survey shall establish a national geologic-map data
    base. Such data base shall be a national archive that includes all
    maps developed pursuant to sections 31a to 31h of this title, the
    data bases developed pursuant to the investigations under sections
    31c(d)(2)(C), (D), (E), and (F) of this title, and other maps and
    data as the Survey deems appropriate."
      1997 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105-36 added subsec. (b) and struck
    out heading and text of former subsec. (b). Text read as follows:
    "Geologic maps contributed to the national archives should have
    standardized format, symbols, and technical attributes so that
    archival information can be assimilated, manipulated, accessed,
    exchanged, and compared efficiently and accurately."

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 31g                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 31g. Biennial report

-STATUTE-
      Not later 3 (!1) years after December 9, 1999, and biennially
    thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report that - 

        (1) describes the status of the national geologic mapping
      program;
        (2) describes and evaluates the progress achieved during the
      preceding 2 years in developing the national geologic map
      database; and
        (3) includes any recommendations that the Secretary may have
      for legislative or other action to achieve the purposes of
      sections 31c through 31f of this title.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 102-285, Sec. 8, as added Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 8, Dec. 9,
    1999, 113 Stat. 1724.)

-MISC1-
                             PRIOR PROVISIONS                         
      A prior section 31g, Pub. L. 102-285, Sec. 8, May 18, 1992, 106
    Stat. 171; Pub. L. 103-437, Sec. 16(a)(1), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat.
    4594; Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(f), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1111; Pub.
    L. 105-362, title IX, Sec. 902(b), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3291,
    directed the Secretary to submit a biennial report to Congress
    describing the status of the nationwide geologic mapping program
    and evaluating the progress achieved during the preceding fiscal
    year in developing the national geologic-map data base, prior to
    repeal by Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 8, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1724.

-FOOTNOTE-
    (!1) So in original. Probably should be preceded by "than".

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 31h                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 31h. Authorization of appropriations

-STATUTE-
    (a) In general
      There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out sections 31a
    to 31h of this title - 
        (1) $28,000,000 for fiscal year 1999;
        (2) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2000;
        (3) $37,000,000 for fiscal year 2001;
        (4) $43,000,000 for fiscal year 2002;
        (5) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
        (6) $57,000,000 for fiscal year 2004; and
        (7) $64,000,000 for fiscal year 2005.
    (b) Allocation of appropriations
      Of any amounts appropriated for any fiscal year in excess of the
    amount appropriated for fiscal year 2000 - 
        (1) 48 percent shall be available for the State component; and
        (2) 2 percent shall be available for the education component.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 102-285, Sec. 9, as added Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 9, Dec. 9,
    1999, 113 Stat. 1724.)

-MISC1-
                             PRIOR PROVISIONS                         
      A prior section 31h, Pub. L. 102-285, Sec. 9, May 18, 1992, 106
    Stat. 171; Pub. L. 105-36, Sec. 3(g), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1111,
    authorized appropriations for the national cooperative geologic
    mapping program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 106-148, Sec. 9, Dec.
    9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1724.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 31i                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 31i. Report on resource research activities

-STATUTE-
      Once every five years the National Academy of Sciences shall
    review and report on the resource research activities of the
    Survey.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 104-134, title I, Sec. 101(c) [title I], Apr. 26, 1996,
    110 Stat. 1321-156, 1321-165; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104-140,
    Sec. 1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.)

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 31j                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 31j. Biological research activity of Survey; review and report
      by National Academy of Sciences

-STATUTE-
      Beginning in fiscal year 1998 and once every five years
    thereafter, the National Academy of Sciences shall review and
    report on the biological research activity of the Survey.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 104-208, div. A, title I, Sec. 101(d) [title I], Sept. 30,
    1996, 110 Stat. 3009-181, 3009-189.)

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 32                                              01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 32. Acting Director

-STATUTE-
      The Secretary of the Interior may authorize one of the geologists
    to act as Director of the United States Geological Survey in the
    absence of that officer.

-SOURCE-
    (July 31, 1894, ch. 174, Sec. 1, 28 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 102-154,
    title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)

-CHANGE-
                              CHANGE OF NAME                          
      "United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for
    "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102-
    154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.

-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and
    agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to
    Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan
    No. 3 of 1950, Secs. 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64
    Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 33                                              01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 33. Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 53, 70A Stat. 641

-MISC1-
      Section, act June 16, 1880, ch. 235, 21 Stat. 274, authorized
    Secretary of War to detail officers of Ordnance Corps to serve with
    Geological Survey.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 34                                              01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 34. Scientific employees

-STATUTE-
      The scientific employees of the United States Geological Survey
    shall be selected by the Director, subject to the approval of the
    Secretary of the Interior exclusively for their qualifications as
    professional experts.

-SOURCE-
    (July 7, 1884, ch. 332, 23 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 102-154, title I,
    Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)

-CHANGE-
                              CHANGE OF NAME                          
      "United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for
    "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102-
    154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.

-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and
    agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to
    Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan
    No. 3 of 1950, Secs. 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64
    Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 35                                              01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 35. Repealed. Pub. L. 87-304, Sec. 9(a)(2), Sept. 26, 1961, 75
      Stat. 664

-MISC1-
      Section, act June 30, 1906, ch. 3914, Sec. 1, 34 Stat. 727,
    authorized scientific and other employees of the United States
    Geological Survey employed in the field to make assignments of pay,
    and that they be reimbursed for expenses incurred in the discharge
    of duty in the field and paid from personal funds. See section 5525
    of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 36                                              01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 36. Purchase of books

-STATUTE-
      The purchase of professional and scientific books and periodicals
    needed for statistical purposes by the scientific divisions of the
    United States Geological Survey is authorized to be made and paid
    for out of appropriations made for the said Survey.

-SOURCE-
    (June 28, 1902, ch. 1301, Sec. 1, 32 Stat. 455.)

-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and
    agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to
    Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan
    No. 3 of 1950, Secs. 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64
    Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 36a                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 36a. Acquisition of scientific or technical books, maps, etc.,
      for library

-STATUTE-
      The Director of the United States Geological Survey, under the
    general supervision of the Secretary of the Interior, is authorized
    to acquire for the United States, by gift or devise, scientific or
    technical books, manuscripts, maps, and related materials, and to
    deposit the same in the library of the United States Geological
    Survey for reference and use as authorized by law.

-SOURCE-
    (May 14, 1940, ch. 190, 54 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 102-154, title I,
    Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)

-CHANGE-
                              CHANGE OF NAME                          
      "United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for
    "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102-
    154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.

-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and
    agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to
    Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan
    No. 3 of 1950, Secs. 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64
    Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 36b                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 36b. Acquisition of lands or interests therein for use in
      gaging streams or underground water resources

-STATUTE-
      The Secretary of the Interior may, on behalf of the United States
    and for use by the United States Geological Survey in gaging
    streams and underground water resources, acquire lands by donation
    or when funds have been appropriated by Congress by purchase or
    condemnation, but not in excess of ten acres for any one stream
    gaging station or observation well site. For the same purpose the
    Secretary of the Interior may obtain easements, licenses, rights-of-
    way, and leases limited to run for such a period of time or term
    of years as may be required for the effective performance of the
    function of gaging streams and underground water resources:
    Provided, That nothing in this section shall be construed as
    affecting or intended to affect or in any way to interfere with the
    laws of any State or Territory relating to the control,
    appropriation, use, or distribution of water used in irrigation, or
    any vested right acquired thereunder, and the Secretary of the
    Interior, in carrying out the provisions of this section, shall
    proceed in conformity with such laws, and nothing in this section
    shall in any way affect any right of any State or of the Federal
    Government or of any landowner, appropriator, or user of water, in,
    to, or from any interstate stream or the waters thereof.

-SOURCE-
    (Dec. 24, 1942, ch. 822, 56 Stat. 1086; Pub. L. 86-406, Apr. 4,
    1960, 74 Stat. 14; Pub. L. 102-154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105
    Stat. 1000.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1960 - Pub. L. 86-406 authorized Secretary of the Interior to
    acquire lands and interests in lands for observation well sites to
    gage underground water resources.

-CHANGE-
                              CHANGE OF NAME                          
      "United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for
    "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102-
    154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 36c                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 36c. Acceptance of contributions from public and private
      sources; cooperation with other agencies in prosecution of
      projects

-STATUTE-
      In fiscal year 1987 and thereafter the United States Geological
    Survey is authorized to accept lands, buildings, equipment, and
    other contributions from public and private sources and to
    prosecute projects in cooperation with other agencies, Federal,
    State, or private.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 99-500, Sec. 101(h) [title I], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat.
    1783-242, 1783-252, and Pub. L. 99-591, Sec. 101(h) [title I], Oct.
    30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341-242, 3341-252; Pub. L. 102-154, title I,
    Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)

-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      Pub. L. 99-591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99-500.

-CHANGE-
                              CHANGE OF NAME                          
      "United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for
    "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102-
    154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 36d                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 36d. Cooperative agreements

-STATUTE-
      Notwithstanding the provisions of the Federal Grant and
    Cooperative Agreement Act of 1977 (31 U.S.C. 6301-6308), the United
    States Geological Survey is authorized to continue existing, and on
    and after November 10, 2003, to enter into new cooperative
    agreements directed towards a particular cooperator, in support of
    joint research and data collection activities with Federal, State,
    and academic partners funded by appropriations herein, including
    those that provide for space in cooperator facilities.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 108-108, title I, Nov. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1254.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      The Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act of 1977, referred
    to in text, is Pub. L. 95-224, Feb. 3, 1978, 92 Stat. 3, which was
    classified generally to chapter 8 (Sec. 501 et seq.) of Title 41,
    Public Contracts, and was repealed and reenacted as chapter 63
    (Sec. 6301 et seq.) of Title 31, Money and Finance, by Pub. L. 97-
    258, Secs. 1, 5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 877, 1068.
      Appropriations herein, referred to in text, probably means
    appropriations under the headings "United States Geological
    Survey", "surveys, investigations, and research" and
    "administrative provisions", of the annual Department of the
    Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act.

-MISC1-
                            SIMILAR PROVISIONS                        
      Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the
    following appropriation act:
      Pub. L. 108-7, div. F, title I, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 228.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 37                                              01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 37. Omitted

-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      Section, act June 12, 1917, ch. 27, 40 Stat. 144, related to
    purchases or services for the Geological Survey, was omitted as
    superseded.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 38                                              01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 38. Topographic surveys; marking elevations

-STATUTE-
      In making topographic surveys west of the ninety-fifth meridian
    elevations above a base level located in each area under survey
    shall be determined and marked on the ground by iron or stone posts
    or permanent bench marks, at least two such posts or bench marks to
    be established in each township, or equivalent area, except in the
    forest-clad and mountain areas, where at least one shall be
    established, and these shall be placed, whenever practicable, near
    the township corners of the public-land surveys; and in the areas
    east of the ninety-fifth meridian at least one such post or bench
    mark shall be similarly established in each area equivalent to the
    area of a township of the public land surveys.

-SOURCE-
    (June 11, 1896, ch. 420, 29 Stat. 435.)

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Secs. 39, 40                                         01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Secs. 39, 40. Omitted

-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      Section 39, act Feb. 27, 1925, ch. 360, Sec. 1, 43 Stat. 1011,
    authorized the President to complete a general utility
    topographical survey of the territory of the United States within a
    period of twenty years from Feb. 27, 1925.
      Section 40, act Feb. 27, 1925, ch. 360, Sec. 2, 43 Stat. 1011,
    related to cooperative agreements with States to expedite
    completion of topographical survey.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 41                                              01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 41. Publications and reports; preparation and sale

-STATUTE-
      Except as otherwise provided in section 1318 of title 44, the
    publications of the United States Geological Survey shall consist
    of geological and economic maps, illustrating the resources and
    classification of the lands, and reports upon general and economic
    geology and paleontology. All special memoirs and reports of said
    survey shall be issued in uniform quarto series if deemed necessary
    by the director, but otherwise in ordinary octavos. Three thousand
    copies of each shall be published for scientific exchanges and for
    sale at the price of publication, and all literary and cartographic
    materials received in exchange shall be the property of the United
    States and form a part of the library of the organization; and the
    money resulting from the sale of such publications shall be covered
    into the Treasury of the United States, under the direction of the
    Secretary of the Interior.

-SOURCE-
    (Mar. 3, 1879, ch. 182, 20 Stat. 394; Aug. 7, 1946, ch. 770, Sec.
    1(10), 60 Stat. 867; Pub. L. 102-154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105
    Stat. 1000.)

-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      "Section 1318 of title 44" substituted in text for "section 260
    of title 44" on authority of Pub. L. 90-620, Sec. 2(b), Oct. 22,
    1968, 82 Stat. 1238, the first section of which enacted Title 44,
    Public Printing and Documents.
      The words "Except as otherwise provided in section 260 of title
    44" were originally inserted in text to avoid conflict with the
    provisions of such section 260 of title 44, as set out prior to the
    general revision of title 44 by Pub. L. 90-620, derived from Joint
    Res. May 16, 1902, No. 22.

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1946 - Act Aug. 7, 1946, repealed all provisions requiring
    preparation, and transmission by Secretary of the Interior, of an
    annual report of operations.

-CHANGE-
                              CHANGE OF NAME                          
      "United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for
    "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102-
    154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.

-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and
    agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to
    Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan
    No. 3 of 1950, Secs. 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64
    Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 42                                              01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 42. Distribution of maps and atlases, etc.

-STATUTE-
      The Director of the United States Geological Survey is authorized
    and directed, on the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, to
    dispose of the topographic and geologic maps and atlases of the
    United States, made and published by the United States Geological
    Survey, at such prices and under such regulations as may from time
    to time be fixed by him and approved by the Secretary of the
    Interior; and a number of copies of each map or atlas, not
    exceeding five hundred, shall be distributed gratuitously among
    foreign governments and departments of our own Government to
    literary and scientific associations, and to such educational
    institutions or libraries as may be designated by the Director of
    the Survey and approved by the Secretary of the Interior. On and
    after June 7, 1924, the distribution of geological publications to
    libraries designated as special depositaries of such publications
    shall be discontinued.

-SOURCE-
    (Feb. 18, 1897, No. 13, Sec. 1, 29 Stat. 701; June 7, 1924, ch.
    303, 43 Stat. 592; Pub. L. 102-154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105
    Stat. 1000.)

-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      The first sentence is from Joint Res. Feb. 18, 1897; the second
    sentence is from act June 7, 1924.
      Joint Res. Feb. 18, 1897 superseded a provision contained in act
    June 11, 1896, ch. 420, 29 Stat. 436, authorizing the sale of
    topographical maps with text at cost and ten per centum added.

-CHANGE-
                              CHANGE OF NAME                          
      "United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for
    "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102-
    154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.

-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and
    agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to
    Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan
    No. 3 of 1950, Secs. 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64
    Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 42a                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 42a. Use of receipts from sale of maps for map printing and
      distribution

-STATUTE-
      In fiscal year 1984 and thereafter, all receipts from the sale of
    maps sold or stored by the United States Geological Survey shall be
    available for map printing and distribution to supplement funds
    otherwise available, to remain available until expended.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 98-146, title I, Nov. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 926; Pub. L. 102-
    154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)

-CHANGE-
                              CHANGE OF NAME                          
      "United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for
    "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102-
    154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 43                                              01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 43. Copies to Senators, Representatives, and Delegates

-STATUTE-
      One copy of each map and atlas shall be sent to each Senator and
    each Representative and Delegate in Congress, if published within
    his term; and a second copy shall be placed at the disposal of each
    such Senator, Representative and Delegate

-SOURCE-
    (Feb. 18, 1897, No. 13, Sec. 2, 29 Stat. 701.)

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 44                                              01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 44. Sale of transfers or copies of data

-STATUTE-
      The Director of the United States Geological Survey shall, if the
    regular map work of the Survey is in no wise interfered with
    thereby, furnish to any person, concern, institution, State or
    foreign government, that shall pay in advance the whole cost
    thereof with 10 per centum added, transfers or copies of any
    cartographic or other engraved or lithographic data in the division
    of engraving and printing of the Survey, and the moneys received by
    the Director for such transfers or copies shall be deposited in the
    Treasury.

-SOURCE-
    (June 30, 1906, ch. 3914, 34 Stat. 727; Pub. L. 102-154, title I,
    Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)

-CHANGE-
                              CHANGE OF NAME                          
      "United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for
    "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102-
    154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.

-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and
    agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to
    Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan
    No. 3 of 1950, Secs. 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64
    Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 45                                              01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 45. Production and sale of copies of photographs and records;
      disposition of receipts

-STATUTE-
      The Director of the United States Geological Survey on and after
    March 4, 1909 may produce and sell on a reimbursable basis to
    interested persons, concerns, and institutions, copies of aerial or
    other photographs and mosaics that have been obtained in connection
    with the authorized work of the United States Geological Survey and
    photographic or photostatic reproductions of records in the
    official custody of the Director at such prices (not less than the
    estimated cost of furnishing such copies or reproductions) as the
    Director, with the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, may
    determine, the money received from such sales to be deposited in
    the Treasury to the credit of the appropriation then current and
    chargeable for the cost of furnishing copies or reproductions as
    herein authorized.

-SOURCE-
    (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 299, 35 Stat. 989; July 21, 1947, ch. 273, 61
    Stat. 398.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1947 - Act July 21, 1947, authorized production and sale of
    aerial or other photographs and reproductions of records on a
    reimbursement of appropriations basis.

-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and
    agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to
    Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan
    No. 3 of 1950, Secs. 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64
    Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 46                                              01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 46. Omitted

-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      Section, act Oct. 12, 1949, ch. 680, title I, 63 Stat. 785,
    related to exchange of old freight carrying vehicles as part
    payment for new, was from the Interior Department Appropriation
    Act, 1950, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts.
    Similar provisions were contained in the following prior
    appropriation acts:
      June 29, 1948, ch. 754, 62 Stat. 1133.
      July 25, 1947, ch. 337, 61 Stat. 477.
      July 1, 1946, ch. 529, 60 Stat. 369.
      July 3, 1945, ch. 262, 59 Stat. 343.
      June 28, 1944, ch. 298, 58 Stat. 491.
      July 12, 1943, ch. 219, 57 Stat. 477.
      July 2, 1942, ch. 473, 56 Stat. 537.
      June 28, 1941, ch. 259, 55 Stat. 339.
      June 18, 1940, ch. 395, 54 Stat. 439.
      May 10, 1939, ch. 119, 53 Stat. 719.
      May 9, 1938, ch. 187, 52 Stat. 325.
      Aug. 9, 1937, ch. 570, 50 Stat. 598.
      June 22, 1936, ch. 691, 49 Stat. 1785.
      May 9, 1935, ch. 101, 49 Stat. 200.
      Mar. 2, 1934, ch. 38, 48 Stat. 382.
      Feb. 17, 1933, ch. 98, 47 Stat. 846.
      Apr. 22, 1932, ch. 125, 47 Stat. 118.
      Feb. 14, 1931, ch. 187, 46 Stat. 1147.
      May 14, 1930, ch. 273, 46 Stat. 310.
      Mar. 4, 1929, ch. 705, 45 Stat. 1594.
      Mar. 7, 1928, ch. 137, 45 Stat. 231.
      Jan. 12, 1927, ch. 27, 44 Stat. 961.
      May 10, 1926, ch. 277, 44 Stat. 486.
      Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 462, 43 Stat. 1172.
      June 5, 1924, ch. 264, 43 Stat. 419.
      Jan. 24, 1923, ch. 42, 42 Stat. 1208.
      May 24, 1922, ch. 199, 42 Stat. 586.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 47                                              01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 47. Repealed. Aug. 7, 1946, ch. 770, Sec. 1(11), 60 Stat. 867

-MISC1-
      Section, act May 10, 1926, ch. 277, 44 Stat. 487, required annual
    statements and reports of expenditures for the benefit of Indians
    relating to the operation of oil and gas leases, and the mining of
    other minerals, on Indian lands.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 48                                              01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 48. Omitted

-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      Section, act Jan. 12, 1927, ch. 27, 44 Stat. 963, required
    amounts received by the Geological Survey from any State, Territory
    or political subdivision thereof in carrying on work involving
    cooperation to be used in reimbursing the appropriation from which
    the expense of such work was paid, was from the act making
    appropriations for the Department of the Interior for the fiscal
    year ending June 30, 1928 and for other purposes, and was not
    repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. Similar provisions were
    contained in the following act: May 10, 1926, ch. 277, 44 Stat.
    487.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 49                                              01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 49. Extension of cooperative work to Puerto Rico

-STATUTE-
      The provisions of law authorizing the making of topographic and
    geological surveys and conducting investigations relating to
    mineral and water resources by the United States Geological Survey
    in various portions of the United States be, and the same are,
    extended to authorize such surveys and investigations in Puerto
    Rico.

-SOURCE-
    (June 17, 1935, ch. 268, 49 Stat. 386.)

-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and
    agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to
    Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan
    No. 3 of 1950, Secs. 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64
    Stat. 1262, set out under section 1451 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 50                                              01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 50. Survey's share of cost of topographic mapping or water
      resources investigations carried on with States

-STATUTE-
      The share of the United States Geological Survey in any
    topographic mapping or water resources data collection and
    investigations carried on in cooperation with any State or
    municipality shall not exceed 50 per centum of the cost thereof.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 109-54, title I, Aug. 2, 2005, 119 Stat. 510.)

-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      Section text is based on act July 31, 1953, ch. 298, title I,
    Sec. 1, 67 Stat. 269, as continued and modified for the fiscal year
    covered by the appropriation act cited as the credit to this
    section.

-MISC1-
                             PRIOR PROVISIONS                         
      Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the
    following prior appropriation acts:
      Pub. L. 108-447, div. E, title I, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3052.
      Pub. L. 108-108, title I, Nov. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1254.
      Pub. L. 108-7, div. F, title I, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 228.
      Pub. L. 107-63, title I, Nov. 5, 2001, 115 Stat. 427.
      Pub. L. 106-291, title I, Oct. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 931.
      Pub. L. 106-113, div. B, Sec. 1000(a)(3) [title I], Nov. 29,
    1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A-145.
      Pub. L. 105-277, div. A, Sec. 101(e) [title I], Oct. 21, 1998,
    112 Stat. 2681-231, 2681-242.
      Pub. L. 105-83, title I, Nov. 14, 1997, 111 Stat. 1552.
      Pub. L. 104-208, div. A, title I, Sec. 101(d) [title I], Sept.
    30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-181, 3009-190.
      Pub. L. 104-134, title I, Sec. 101(c) [title I], Apr. 26, 1996,
    110 Stat. 1321-156, 1321-165; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104-140,
    Sec. 1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.
      Pub. L. 103-332, title I, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2507.
      Pub. L. 103-138, title I, Nov. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 1387.
      Pub. L. 102-381, title I, Oct. 5, 1992, 106 Stat. 1384.
      Pub. L. 102-154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.
      Pub. L. 101-512, title I, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1924.
      Pub. L. 101-121, title I, Oct. 23, 1989, 103 Stat. 710.
      Pub. L. 100-446, title I, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1790.
      Pub. L. 100-202, Sec. 101(g) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat.
    1329-213, 1329-224.
      Pub. L. 99-500, Sec. 101(h) [title I], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat.
    1783-242, 1783-252, and Pub. L. 99-591, Sec. 101(h) [title I], Oct.
    30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341-242, 3341-252.
      Pub. L. 99-190, Sec. 101(d) [title I], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat.
    1224, 1231.
      Pub. L. 98-473, title I, Sec. 101(c) [title I], Oct. 12, 1984, 98
    Stat. 1837, 1845.
      Pub. L. 98-146, title I, Nov. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 926.
      Pub. L. 97-394, title I, Dec. 30, 1982, 96 Stat. 1972.
      Pub. L. 97-100, title I, Dec. 23, 1981, 95 Stat. 1397.
      Pub. L. 96-514, title I, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2963.
      Pub. L. 96-126, title I, Nov. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 961.
      Pub. L. 95-465, title I, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1285.
      Pub. L. 95-74, title I, July 26, 1977, 91 Stat. 290.
      Pub. L. 94-373, title I, July 31, 1976, 90 Stat. 1048.
      Pub. L. 94-165, title I, Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 983.
      Pub. L. 93-404, title I, Aug. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 808.
      Pub. L. 93-120, title I, Oct. 4, 1973, 87 Stat. 434.
      Pub. L. 92-369, title I, Aug. 10, 1972, 86 Stat. 513.
      Pub. L. 92-76, title I, Aug. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 234.
      Pub. L. 91-361, title I, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 674.
      Pub. L. 91-98, title I, Oct. 29, 1969, 83 Stat. 152.
      Pub. L. 90-425, title I, July 26, 1968, 82 Stat. 431.
      Pub. L. 90-28, title I, June 24, 1967, 81 Stat. 64.
      Pub. L. 89-435, title I, May 31, 1966, 80 Stat. 175.
      Pub. L. 89-52, title I, June 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 181.
      Pub. L. 88-356, title I, July 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 280.
      Pub. L. 88-79, title I, July 26, 1963, 77 Stat. 103.
      Pub. L. 87-578, title I, Aug. 9, 1962, 76 Stat. 341.
      Pub. L. 87-122, title I, Aug. 3, 1961, 75 Stat. 252.
      Pub. L. 86-455, title I, May 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 108.
      Pub. L. 86-60, title I, June 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 96.
      Pub. L. 85-439, title I, June 4, 1958, 72 Stat. 159.
      Pub. L. 85-77, title I, July 1, 1957, 71 Stat. 261.
      June 13, 1956, ch. 380, title I, 70 Stat. 261.
      June 16, 1955, ch. 147, title I, 69 Stat. 145.
      July 1, 1954, ch. 446, title I, 68 Stat. 368.
      July 31, 1953, ch. 298, title I, 67 Stat. 269.
      July 9, 1952, ch. 597, title I, 66 Stat. 454.
      Aug. 31, 1951, ch. 375, title I, 65 Stat. 259.
      Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, Ch. VII, title I, 64 Stat. 690.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 50-1                                            01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 50-1. Funds for mappings and investigations considered
      intragovernmental funds

-STATUTE-
      Beginning October 1, 1990, and thereafter, funds received from
    any State, territory, possession, country, international
    organization, or political subdivision thereof, for topographic,
    geologic, or water resources mapping or investigations involving
    cooperation with such an entity shall be considered as
    intragovernmental funds as defined in the publication titled "A
    Glossary of Terms Used in the Federal Budget Process".

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-512, title I, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1924.)

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 50a                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 50a. Working capital fund for United States Geological Survey

-STATUTE-
      There is hereby established in the Treasury of the United States
    a working capital fund to assist in the management of certain
    support activities of the United States Geological Survey
    (hereafter referred to as the "Survey"), Department of the
    Interior. The fund shall be available on and after November 5,
    1990, without fiscal year limitation for expenses necessary for
    furnishing materials, supplies, equipment, work, facilities, and
    services in support of Survey programs, and, as authorized by law,
    to agencies of the Federal Government and others. Such expenses may
    include laboratory modernization and equipment replacement,
    computer operations, maintenance, and telecommunications services;
    requirements definition, systems analysis, and design services;
    acquisition or development of software; systems support services
    such as implementation assistance, training, and maintenance;
    acquisition and replacement of computer, publications, scientific
    instrumentation, telecommunications, and related automatic data
    processing equipment; and, such other activities as may be approved
    by the Secretary of the Interior.
      There are authorized to be transferred to the fund, at fair and
    reasonable values at the time of transfer, inventories, equipment,
    receivables, and other assets, less liabilities, related to the
    functions to be financed by the fund as determined by the Secretary
    of the Interior: Provided, That the fund shall be credited with
    appropriations and other funds of the Survey, and other agencies of
    the Department of the Interior, other Federal agencies, and other
    sources, for providing materials, supplies, equipment, work, and
    services as authorized by law and such payments may be made in
    advance or upon performance: Provided further, That charges to
    users will be at rates approximately equal to the costs of
    furnishing the materials, supplies, equipment, facilities, and
    services, including such items as depreciation of equipment and
    facilities, and accrued annual leave: Provided further, That all
    existing balances as of November 5, 1990, from amortization fees
    resulting from the Survey providing telecommunications services and
    deposited in a special fund established on the books of the
    Treasury and available for payment of replacement or expansion of
    telecommunications services as authorized by Public Law 99-190, are
    hereby transferred to and merged with the working capital fund, to
    be used for the same purposes as originally authorized: Provided
    further, That funds that are not necessary to carry out the
    activities to be financed by the fund, as determined by the
    Secretary, shall be covered into miscellaneous receipts of the
    Treasury.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-512, title I, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1924; Pub. L.
    102-154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000; Pub. L. 103-332,
    title I, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2507.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      Provisions relating to the special fund authorized by Public Law
    99-190, referred to in text, were formerly classified to this
    section. See Prior Provisions note below.

-MISC1-
                             PRIOR PROVISIONS                         
      A prior section 50a, Pub. L. 99-190, Sec. 101(d) [title I], Dec.
    19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1224, 1231, related to deposit of amortization
    fees from Geological Survey providing telecommunications services.

                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1994 - Pub. L. 103-332 in first par., in second sentence after
    "work," inserted "facilities,", in third sentence after "include"
    inserted "laboratory modernization and equipment replacement,",
    after "operations" inserted ", maintenance,", and after
    "replacement of computer," inserted "publications, scientific
    instrumentation," and in second par., in second proviso after
    "depreciation of equipment" inserted "and facilities,".

-CHANGE-
                              CHANGE OF NAME                          
      "United States Geological Survey" substituted for "Geological
    Survey" in first paragraph pursuant to provision of title I of Pub.
    L. 102-154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 50b                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 50b. Recording of obligations against accounts receivable and
      crediting of amounts received; work involving cooperation with
      State, Territory, etc.

-STATUTE-
      Before, on, and after October 18, 1986, in carrying out work
    involving cooperation with any State, Territory, possession, or
    political subdivision thereof, the United States Geological Survey
    may, notwithstanding any other provision of law, record obligations
    against accounts receivable from any such entities and shall credit
    amounts received from such entities to this appropriation.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 99-500, Sec. 101(h) [title I], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat.
    1783-242, 1783-252, and Pub. L. 99-591, Sec. 101(h) [title I], Oct.
    30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341-242, 3341-252; Pub. L. 102-154, title I,
    Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      This appropriation, referred to in text, probably means
    appropriations under the headings "Geological Survey" and "surveys,
    investigations, and research" of the annual Department of the
    Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act.

-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      Pub. L. 99-591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99-500.
      In text, "Before, on, and after October 18, 1986" substituted for
    "heretofore and hereafter".

-CHANGE-
                              CHANGE OF NAME                          
      "United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for
    "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102-
    154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 50c                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 50c. Payment of costs incidental to utilization of services of
      volunteers

-STATUTE-
      Appropriations herein and on and after December 22, 1987, made
    shall be available for paying costs incidental to the utilization
    of services contributed by individuals who serve without
    compensation as volunteers in aid of work of the United States
    Geological Survey, and that within appropriations herein and on and
    after December 22, 1987, provided, United States Geological Survey
    officials may authorize either direct procurement of or
    reimbursement for expenses incidental to the effective use of
    volunteers such as, but not limited to, training, transportation,
    lodging, subsistence, equipment, and supplies: Provided further,
    That provision for such expenses or services is in accord with
    volunteer or cooperative agreements made with such individuals,
    private organizations, educational institutions, or State or local
    government.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 100-202, Sec. 101(g) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat.
    1329-213, 1329-224; Pub. L. 102-154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105
    Stat. 1000.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      Appropriations herein, referred to in text, probably means
    appropriations under the headings "Geological Survey", "surveys,
    investigations, and research" and "administrative provisions", of
    the annual Department of the Interior and Related Agencies
    Appropriations Act.

-CHANGE-
                              CHANGE OF NAME                          
      "United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for
    "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102-
    154, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    43 USC Sec. 50d                                             01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 43 - PUBLIC LANDS
    CHAPTER 2 - UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-HEAD-
    Sec. 50d. Services of students or recent graduates

-STATUTE-
      The United States Geological Survey may on and after November 29,
    1999, contract directly with individuals or indirectly with
    institutions or nonprofit organizations, without regard to section
    5 of title 41, for the temporary or intermittent services of
    students or recent graduates, who shall be considered employees for
    the purposes of chapters 57 and 81 of title 5, relating to
    compensation for travel and work injuries, and chapter 171 of title
    28, relating to tort claims, but shall not be considered to be
    Federal employees for any other purposes.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 106-113, div. B, Sec. 1000(a)(3) [title I], Nov. 29, 1999,
    113 Stat. 1535, 1501A-146.)

-MISC1-
                             PRIOR PROVISIONS                         
      Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in
    Pub. L. 105-277, div. A, Sec. 101(e) [title I], Oct. 21, 1998, 112
    Stat. 2681-231, 2681-243.

-End-