-CITE-
    7 USC CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH                                 01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH

-HEAD-
                           CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH                       

-MISC1-
       SUBCHAPTER I - SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION   
    Sec.                                                     
    5801.       Purpose and definitions.                              

           PART A - BEST UTILIZATION OF BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS       
    5811.       Research and extension projects.                      
    5812.       Program administration.                               
    5813.       Federal-State matching grant program.                 
    5814.       Authorization of appropriations.                      

                  PART B - INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS              
    5821.       Integrated management systems.                        
    5822.       Integrated Farm Management Program Option.            

        PART C - SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND
                             TRANSFER PROGRAM
    5831.       Technical guides and handbooks.                       
    5832.       National Training Program.                            

            SUBCHAPTER II - NATIONAL GENETIC RESOURCES PROGRAM        
    5841.       Establishment, purpose, and functions of National
                 Genetic Resources Program.                           
    5842.       Appointment and authority of Director.                
    5843.       Advisory council.                                     
    5844.       Definitions and authorization of appropriations.      

     SUBCHAPTER III - NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEM 
    5851.       Short title and purposes.                             
    5852.       Agricultural Weather Office.                          
    5853.       Repealed.                                             
    5854.       State agricultural weather information systems.       
    5855.       Funding.                                              

        SUBCHAPTER IV - RESEARCH REGARDING PRODUCTION, PREPARATION,
        PROCESSING, HANDLING, AND STORAGE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
    5871 to 5874. Repealed.                                           

     SUBCHAPTER V - PLANT AND ANIMAL PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAM 
    5881 to 5885. Repealed.                                           

           SUBCHAPTER VI - ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND
                             COMMERCIALIZATION
    5901 to 5909. Repealed.                                           

            SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS        
    5921.       Biotechnology risk assessment research.               
    5921a.      Program of public education regarding use of
                 biotechnology in producing food for human
                 consumption.                                         
    5922.       Repealed.                                             
    5923.       Rural electronic commerce extension program.          
    5924.       Agricultural Genome Initiative.                       
    5925.       High-priority research and extension initiatives.     
    5925a.      Nutrient management research and extension initiative.
    5925b.      Organic agriculture research and extension initiative.
    5925c.      Organic production and market data initiatives.       
    5925d.      International organic research collaboration.         
    5926.       Agricultural telecommunications program.              
    5927, 5928. Repealed.                                             
    5929.       Red meat safety research center.                      
    5930.       Reservation extension agents.                         
    5931, 5932. Repealed.                                             
    5933.       Assistive technology program for farmers with
                 disabilities.                                        
    5934.       Research on honeybee diseases.                        
    5935.       Use of remote sensing data and other data to
                 anticipate potential food, feed, and fiber shortages
                 or excesses and to provide timely information to
                 assist farmers with planting decisions.              

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC SUBCHAPTER I - SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND
           EDUCATION                                       01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER I - SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

-HEAD-
       SUBCHAPTER I - SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION   

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5801                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER I - SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5801. Purpose and definitions

-STATUTE-
    (a) Purpose
      It is the purpose of this subchapter to encourage research
    designed to increase our knowledge concerning agricultural
    production systems that - 
        (1) maintain and enhance the quality and productivity of the
      soil;
        (2) conserve soil, water, energy, natural resources, and fish
      and wildlife habitat;
        (3) maintain and enhance the quality of surface and ground
      water;
        (4) protect the health and safety of persons involved in the
      food and farm system;
        (5) promote the well being of animals; and
        (6) increase employment opportunities in agriculture.
    (b) Definitions
      For purposes of this subchapter:
        (1) The term "sustainable agriculture" shall have the same
      meaning given to that term by section 3103(17) (!1) of this
      title.

        (2) The term "integrated crop management" means an agricultural
      management system that integrates all controllable agricultural
      production factors for long-term sustained productivity,
      profitability, and ecological soundness.
        (3) The term "integrated resource management" means livestock
      management which utilizes an interdisciplinary systems approach
      which integrates all controllable agricultural production
      practices to provide long-term sustained productivity and
      profitable production of safe and wholesome food in an
      environmentally sound manner.
        (4) The term "agribusiness" includes a producer or organization
      engaged in an agricultural enterprise with a profit motive.
        (5) The term "extension" shall have the same meaning given to
      that term by section 3103(7) of this title.
        (6) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.
        (7) The term "State" means each of the 50 States, the District
      of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin
      Islands of the United States, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of
      the Northern Mariana Islands, the Trust Territory of the Pacific
      Islands, or federally recognized Indian tribes.
        (8) The term "State agricultural experiment stations" shall
      have the same meaning given to that term by section 3103(13) (!1)
      of this title.
        (9) The term "nonprofit organization" means an organization,
      group, institute, or institution that - 
          (A) has a demonstrated capacity to conduct agricultural
        research or education programs;
          (B) has experience in research, demonstration, education, or
        extension in sustainable agricultural practices and systems;
        and
          (C) qualifies as a nonprofit organization under section
        501(c) of title 26.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1619, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3733; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 407(2), Dec. 13, 1991, 105
    Stat. 1864; Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec. 860(c)(1), Apr. 4,
    1996, 110 Stat. 1173.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      This subchapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), was in the
    original "this subtitle", meaning subtitle B (Secs. 1619-1629) of
    title XVI of Pub. L. 101-624, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3733, which
    enacted this subchapter, repealed sections 4701 to 4710 of this
    title, and repealed provisions set out as a note under section 4701
    of this title. For complete classification of subtitle B to the
    Code, see Tables.
      Section 3103(13), (17) of this title, referred to in subsec.
    (b)(1), (8), was redesignated section 3103(14), (18) of this title
    by Pub. L. 107-171, title VII, Sec. 7502(a)(1), May 13, 2002, 116
    Stat. 463.

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1996 - Subsec. (b)(7) to (10). Pub. L. 104-127 redesignated pars.
    (8) to (10) as (7) to (9), respectively, and struck out former par.
    (7) which read as follows: "The term 'Advisory Council' means the
    National Sustainable Agriculture Advisory Council established under
    section 5812(c) of this title."
      1991 - Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 102-237 substituted "Mariana
    Islands" for "Marianas Islands".

-TRANS-
           TERMINATION OF TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS       
      For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see
    note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and
    Insular Possessions.

-FOOTNOTE-
    (!1) See References in Text note below.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Part A - Best Utilization of Biological Applications   01/03/2007 

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER I - SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
    Part A - Best Utilization of Biological Applications

-HEAD-
           PART A - BEST UTILIZATION OF BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS       

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5811                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER I - SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
    Part A - Best Utilization of Biological Applications

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5811. Research and extension projects

-STATUTE-
    (a) Projects required
      The Secretary shall conduct research and extension projects to
    obtain data, develop conclusions, demonstrate technologies, and
    conduct educational programs that promote the purposes of this
    part, including research and extension projects that - 
        (1) facilitate and increase scientific investigation and
      education in order to - 
          (A) reduce, to the extent feasible and practicable, the use
        of chemical pesticides, fertilizers, and toxic natural
        materials in agricultural production;
          (B) improve low-input farm management to enhance agricultural
        productivity, profitability, and competitiveness; and
          (C) promote crop, livestock, and enterprise diversification;
        and

        (2) facilitate the conduct of projects in order to - 
          (A) study, to the extent practicable, agricultural production
        systems that are located in areas that possess various soil,
        climate, and physical characteristics;
          (B) study farms that have been, and will continue to be,
        managed using farm production practices that rely on low-input
        and conservation practices;
          (C) take advantage of the experience and expertise of farmers
        and ranchers through their direct participation and leadership
        in projects;
          (D) transfer practical, reliable and timely information to
        farmers and ranchers concerning low-input sustainable farming
        practices and systems; and
          (E) promote a partnership between farmers, nonprofit
        organizations, agribusiness, and public and private research
        and extension institutions.
    (b) Agreements
      The Secretary shall carry out this section through agreements
    entered into with land-grant colleges or universities, other
    universities, State agricultural experiment stations, the State
    cooperative extension services, nonprofit organizations with
    demonstrable expertise, or Federal or State governmental entities.
    (c) Selection of projects
      (1) In general
        The Secretary shall select research and extension projects to
      be conducted under this section on the basis of - 
          (A) the relevance of the project to the purposes of this
        part;
          (B) the appropriateness of the design of the project;
          (C) the likelihood of obtaining the objectives of the
        project; and
          (D) the national or regional applicability of the findings
        and outcomes of the proposed project.
      (2) Priority
        In conducting projects under this section, the Secretary shall
      give priority to projects that - 
          (A) closely coordinate research and extension activities;
          (B) indicate the manner in which the findings of the project
        will be made readily usable by farmers;
          (C) maximize the involvement and cooperation of farmers,
        including projects involving on-farm research and
        demonstration;
          (D) involve a multidisciplinary systems approach; and
          (E) involve cooperation between farms, non-profit
        organizations, colleges and universities, and government
        agencies.
    (d) Diversification of research
      The Secretary shall conduct projects and studies under this
    section in areas that are broadly representative of the diversity
    of United States agricultural production, including production on
    family farms, mixed-crop livestock farms and dairy operations.
    (e) On-farm research
      The Secretary may conduct projects and activities that involve on-
    farm research and demonstration in carrying out this section.
    (f) Impact studies
      The Secretary may approve study projects concerning the national
    and regional economic, global competitiveness, social and
    environmental implications of the adoption of low-input sustainable
    agricultural practices and systems.
    (g) Project duration
      (1) In general
        The Secretary may approve projects to be conducted under this
      section that have a duration of more than one fiscal year.
      (2) Sequence planting
        In the case of a research project conducted under this section
      that involves the planting of a sequence of crops or crop
      rotations, the Secretary shall approve such projects for a term
      that is appropriate to the sequence or rotation being studied.
    (h) Public access
      The Secretary shall ensure that research projects conducted under
    this section are open for public observation at specified times.
    (i) Indemnification
      (1) In general
        Subject to paragraph (2), the Secretary may indemnify the
      operator of a project conducted under this section for damage
      incurred or undue losses sustained as a result of a rigid
      requirement of research or demonstration under such project that
      is not experienced in normal farming operations.
      (2) Subject to agreement
        An indemnity payment under paragraph (1) shall be subject to
      any agreement between a project grantee and operator entered into
      prior to the initiation of such project.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1621, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3734; Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec. 860(c)(2), Apr. 4, 1996,
    110 Stat. 1173.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1996 - Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 860(c)(2)(A),
    redesignated subpars. (B) to (E) as (A) to (D), respectively, and
    struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: "the
    recommendations of the Advisory Council;".
      Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 860(c)(2)(B), redesignated
    subpars. (B) to (F) as (A) to (E), respectively, and struck out
    former subpar. (A) which read as follows: "are recommended by the
    Advisory Council;".

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5812                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER I - SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
    Part A - Best Utilization of Biological Applications

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5812. Program administration

-STATUTE-
    (a) Duties of Secretary
      The Secretary shall - 
        (1) administer the programs and projects conducted under
      sections 5811 and 5813 of this title through the Cooperative
      State Research Service in close cooperation with the Extension
      Service, Agricultural Research Service, and other appropriate
      agencies;
        (2) establish a minimum of four Regional Administrative
      Councils in accordance with subsection (b) of this section; and
        (3) in conjunction with such Regional Administrative Councils,
      identify regional host institutions required to carry out such
      programs or projects.
    (b) Regional Administrative Councils
      (1) Membership
        The membership of the Regional Administrative Councils shall
      include representatives of - 
          (A) the Agricultural Research Service;
          (B) the Cooperative State Research Service;
          (C) the Extension Service;
          (D) State cooperative extension services;
          (E) State agricultural experiment stations;
          (F) the Soil Conservation Service;
          (G) State departments engaged in sustainable agriculture
        programs;
          (H) nonprofit organizations with demonstrable expertise;
          (I) farmers utilizing systems and practices of sustainable
        agriculture;
          (J) agribusiness;
          (K) the State or United States Geological Survey; and
          (L) other persons knowledgeable about sustainable agriculture
        and its impact on the environment and rural communities.
      (2) Responsibilities
        The Regional Administrative Councils shall - 
          (A) promote the programs established under this subchapter at
        the regional level;
          (B) establish goals and criteria for the selection of
        projects authorized under this subchapter within the applicable
        region;
          (C) appoint a technical committee to evaluate the proposals
        for projects to be considered under this subchapter by such
        council;
          (D) review and act on the recommendations of the technical
        committee, and coordinate its activities with the regional host
        institution; and
          (E) prepare and make available an annual report concerning
        projects funded under sections 5811 and 5813 of this title,
        together with an evaluation of the project activity.
      (3) Conflict of interest
        A member of the Regional Administrative Council or a technical
      committee may not participate in the discussion or recommendation
      of proposed projects if the member has or had a professional or
      business interest in, including the provision of consultancy
      services, the organization whose grant application is under
      review.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1622, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3736; Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec. 860(a), (b), Apr. 4, 1996,
    110 Stat. 1173.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1996 - Subsec. (a)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 860(b)(1),
    redesignated pars. (3) and (4) as (2) and (3), respectively,
    substituted "subsection (b)" for "subsection (e)" in par. (2), and
    struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "establish the
    Advisory Council in accordance with subsection (c) of this
    section;".
      Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 860(a), (b)(3), redesignated
    subsec. (e) as (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which required
    Secretary, not later than Apr. 1, 1991, and each April 1
    thereafter, to prepare and submit to congressional committees and
    to Advisory Council report describing results of programs carried
    out under sections 5811, 5813, and 5821 of this title and report
    describing progress of projects conducted under this subchapter.
      Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 860(b)(4), redesignated
    subpars. (B) to (F) as (A) to (E), respectively, and struck out
    former subpar. (A) which read as follows: "make recommendations to
    the Advisory Council concerning research and extension projects
    that merit funding under sections 5811 and 5813 of this title;".
      Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 860(b)(2), (3),
    redesignated subsec. (e) as (b) and struck out subsec. (c) which
    provided for membership of the National Sustainable Agriculture
    Advisory Council and subsec. (d) which set forth responsibilities
    of Advisory Council.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5813                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER I - SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
    Part A - Best Utilization of Biological Applications

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5813. Federal-State matching grant program

-STATUTE-
    (a) Establishment
      The Secretary shall establish a Federal-State matching grant
    program to make grants to States to assist in the creation or
    enhancement of State sustainable agriculture research, extension,
    and education programs, in furtherance of this subchapter.
    (b) Eligible programs and activities
      States eligible to receive a grant under this section may conduct
    a variety of activities designed to carry out the purpose of this
    subchapter, including - 
        (1) activities that encourage the incorporation and integration
      of sustainable agriculture concerns in all State research,
      extension, and education projects;
        (2) educational programs for farmers, educators, and the
      public;
        (3) the development and funding of innovative research,
      extension, and education programs regarding sustainable
      agriculture;
        (4) the conduct of research and demonstration projects;
        (5) the provision of technical assistance to farmers and
      ranchers;
        (6) activities that encourage farmer-to-farmer information
      exchanges;
        (7) the incorporation of sustainable agriculture studies in
      undergraduate and graduate degree programs; and
        (8) such other activities that are appropriate to the
      agricultural concerns of the State that are consistent with the
      purpose of this part.
    (c) Submission of plan
      (1) Required
        States that elect to apply for a grant under this section shall
      prepare and submit, to the appropriate Regional Administrative
      Council established under section 5812 of this title, a State
      plan and schedule for approval by such council and the Secretary.
      (2) Elements of plan
        State plans prepared under paragraph (1) shall provide details
      of the proposed program to be implemented using funds provided
      under this section for fiscal years 1991 through 1995, or any 5-
      year period thereafter, and shall identify the sources of
      matching State funds for the same fiscal year.
      (3) Participation of farmers
        To be eligible for approval, State plans submitted under this
      subsection shall demonstrate that there will be extensive and
      direct participation of farmers in the development,
      implementation, and evaluation of the program.
    (d) Grant award
      (1) Limits
        Subject to paragraph (2), the Secretary shall provide grants to
      eligible States in an amount not to exceed 50 percent of the cost
      of the establishment or enhancement of a State sustainable
      agriculture program under a plan approved by the Secretary under
      subsection (c) of this section for a period not to exceed 5
      years.
      (2) State contribution
        To be eligible to receive a grant under this section, a State
      shall agree to pay, from State appropriated funds, other State
      revenue, or from private contributions received by the State, not
      less than 50 percent of the cost of the establishment or
      enhancement of the sustainable agriculture program under an
      approved plan under subsection (c) of this section.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1623, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3738.)

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5814                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER I - SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
    Part A - Best Utilization of Biological Applications

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5814. Authorization of appropriations

-STATUTE-
      There are authorized to be appropriated $40,000,000 for each
    fiscal year to carry out this part. Of amounts appropriated to
    carry out this part for a fiscal year, not less than $15,000,000,
    or not less than two thirds of any such appropriation, whichever is
    greater, shall be used to carry out sections 5811 and 5812 of this
    title.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1624, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3739; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 408, Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat.
    1865.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1991 - Pub. L. 102-237 substituted "and 5812" for "and 5813".

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Part B - Integrated Management Systems                01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER I - SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
    Part B - Integrated Management Systems

-HEAD-
                  PART B - INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS              

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5821                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER I - SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
    Part B - Integrated Management Systems

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5821. Integrated management systems

-STATUTE-
    (a) Establishment
      The Secretary shall establish a research and education program
    concerning integrated resource management and integrated crop
    management in order to enhance research related to farming
    operations, practices, and systems that optimize crop and livestock
    production potential and are environmentally sound. The purpose of
    the program shall be - 
        (1) to encourage producers to adopt integrated crop and
      livestock management practices and systems that minimize or abate
      adverse environmental impacts, reduce soil erosion and loss of
      water and nutrients, enhance the efficient use of on-farm and off-
      farm inputs, and maintain or increase profitability and long-
      term productivity;
        (2) to develop knowledge and information on integrated crop and
      livestock management systems and practices to assist agricultural
      producers in the adoption of these systems and practices;
        (3) to accumulate and analyze information on agricultural
      production practices researched or developed under programs
      established under this subchapter, chapter 86 of this title,(!1)
      and other appropriate programs of the Department of Agriculture
      to further the development of integrated crop and livestock
      management systems;

        (4) to facilitate the adoption of whole-farm integrated crop
      and livestock management systems through demonstration projects
      on individual farms, including small and limited resource farms,
      throughout the United States; and
        (5) to evaluate and recommend appropriate integrated crop and
      livestock management policies and programs.
    (b) Development and adoption of integrated crop management
      practices
      The Secretary shall encourage agricultural producers to adopt and
    develop individual, site-specific integrated crop management
    practices. On a priority basis, the Secretary shall develop and
    disseminate information on integrated crop management systems for
    agricultural producers in specific localities or crop producing
    regions where the Secretary determines - 
        (1) water quality is impaired as a result of local or regional
      agricultural production practices; or
        (2) the adoption of such practices may aid in the recovery of
      endangered or threatened species.
    (c) Development and adoption of integrated resource management
      practices
      The Secretary shall, on a priority basis, develop programs to
    encourage livestock producers to develop and adopt individual, site-
    specific integrated resource management practices. These programs
    shall be designed to benefit producers and consumers through - 
        (1) optimum use of available resources and improved production
      and financial efficiency for producers;
        (2) identifying and prioritizing the research and educational
      needs of the livestock industry relating to production and
      financial efficiency, competitiveness, environmental stability,
      and food safety; and
        (3) utilizing an interdisciplinary approach.
    (d) Authorization of appropriations
      There are authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal year
    $20,000,000 to carry out this section through the Extension
    Service.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1627, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3739; Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec. 862(b)(2), Apr. 4, 1996,
    110 Stat. 1174.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      This subchapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), was in the
    original "this subtitle", meaning subtitle B (Secs. 1619-1629) of
    title XVI of Pub. L. 101-624, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3733, which
    enacted this subchapter, repealed sections 4701 to 4710 of this
    title, and repealed provisions set out as a note under section 4701
    of this title. For complete classification of subtitle B to the
    Code, see Tables.
      Chapter 86 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), was in
    the original "subtitle G of title XIV", meaning subtitle G (Secs.
    1481-1485) of title XIV of Pub. L. 101-624, which was repealed by
    Pub. L. 105-185, title III, Sec. 302(c), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat.
    563.

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1996 - Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 104-127 struck out "and section
    5881 of this title" before "and other appropriate".

-FOOTNOTE-
    (!1) See References in Text note below.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5822                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER I - SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
    Part B - Integrated Management Systems

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5822. Integrated Farm Management Program Option

-STATUTE-
    (a) Establishment
      The Secretary of Agriculture (hereafter in this section referred
    to as the "Secretary") shall, by regulation, establish a voluntary
    program, to be known as the "Integrated Farm Management Program
    Option" (hereafter referred to in this section as the "program"),
    designed to assist producers of agricultural commodities in
    adopting integrated, multiyear, site-specific farm management plans
    by reducing farm program barriers to resource stewardship practices
    and systems.
    (b) Definitions
      (1) In general
        For purposes of this section - 
          (A) The term "resource-conserving crop" means legumes, legume-
        grass mixtures, legume-small grain mixtures, legume-grass-
        small grain mixtures, and alternative crops.
          (B) The term "resource-conserving crop rotation" means a crop
        rotation that includes at least one resource-conserving crop
        and that reduces erosion, maintains or improves soil fertility
        and tilth, interrupts pest cycles, or conserves water.
          (C) The term "farming operations and practices" includes the
        integration of crops and crop-plant variety selection, rotation
        practices, tillage systems, soil conserving and soil building
        practices, nutrient management strategies, biological control
        and integrated pest management strategies, livestock production
        and management systems, animal waste management systems, water
        and energy conservation measures, and health and safety
        considerations.
          (D) The term "integrated farm management plan" means a
        comprehensive, multiyear, site-specific plan that meets the
        requirements of subsection (f) of this section.
      (2) Crops
        For purposes of paragraph (1)(A) - 
          (A) The term "grass" means perennial grasses commonly used
        for haying or grazing.
          (B) The term "legume" means forage legumes (such as alfalfa
        or clover) or any legume grown for use as a forage or green
        manure, but not including any bean crop from which the seeds
        are harvested.
          (C) The term "small grain" shall not include malting barley
        or wheat, except for wheat interplanted with other small grain
        crops for nonhuman consumption.
          (D) The term "alternative crops" means experimental and
        industrial crops grown in arid and semiarid regions that
        conserve soil and water.
    (c) Eligibility
      To be eligible to participate in the program established by this
    section, a producer must - 
        (1) prepare and submit to the Secretary for approval an
      integrated farm management plan (hereafter referred to in this
      section as the "plan");
        (2) actively apply the terms and conditions of the plan, as
      approved by the Secretary;
        (3) devote to a resource-conserving crop, on the average
      through the life of the contract, not less than 20 percent of the
      crop acreage bases enrolled under such program;
        (4) comply with the terms and conditions of any annual acreage
      limitation program in effect for the crop acreage bases
      contracted under the terms of this subsection; and
        (5) keep such records as the Secretary may reasonably require.
    (d) Acreage
      In accepting contracts for the program, the Secretary, to the
    extent practicable, shall enroll not less than 3,000,000, nor more
    than 5,000,000, acres of cropland in each of the calendar years
    1991 through 1995.
    (e) Contracts
      The Secretary shall enter into contracts with producers to enroll
    acreage in the program. Such contracts shall be for a period of not
    less than 3 years, but may, at the producer's option, be for a
    longer period of time (up to 5 years) and may be renewed upon
    mutual agreement between the Secretary and the producer.
    (f) Requirements of plans
      Each plan approved by the Secretary shall - 
        (1) specify the acreage and the crop acreage bases to be
      enrolled in the program;
        (2) describe the resource-conserving crop rotation to be
      implemented and maintained on such acreage during the contract
      period to fulfill the purposes of the program;
        (3) contain a schedule for the implementation, improvement and
      maintenance of the resource-conserving crop rotation described in
      the plan;
        (4) describe the farming operations and practices to be
      implemented on such acreage and how such operations and practices
      could reasonably be expected to result in - 
          (A) the maintenance or enhancement of the overall
        productivity and profitability of the farm;
          (B) the prevention of the degradation of farmland soils, the
        long-term improvement of the fertility and physical properties
        of such soils; and
          (C) the protection of water supplies from contamination by
        managing or minimizing agricultural pollutants if their
        management or minimization results in positive economic and
        environmental benefits;

        (5) assist the producer to comply with all Federal, State, and
      local requirements designed to protect soil, wetland, wildlife
      habitat, and the quality of groundwater and surface water; and
        (6) contain such other terms as the Secretary may, by
      regulation, require.
    (g) Administration; certification; termination
      (1) Administration; technical assistance; flexibility;
        implementation; displacement
        (A) Administration
          The program shall be administered by the Secretary.
        (B) Technical assistance
          In administering the program, the Secretary, in consultation
        with the local conservation districts, and any State or local
        authorities deemed appropriate by the Secretary, shall provide
        technical assistance to producers in developing and
        implementing plans, evaluating the effectiveness of plans, and
        assessing the costs and benefits of farming operations and
        practices. The plans may draw on handbooks and technical guides
        and may also include other practices appropriate to the
        particular circumstances of the producer and the purposes of
        the program.
        (C) Flexibility
          In administering the program, the Secretary shall provide
        sufficient flexibility for a producer to adjust or modify the
        producer's plan consistent with this section, except that such
        adjustments or modifications must be approved by the Secretary.
        (D) Minimization of adverse effect
          (i) In general
            Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the
          Secretary shall implement this section in such a manner as to
          minimize any adverse economic effect on the agribusinesses
          and other agriculturally related economic interests within
          any county, State, or region that may result from a decrease
          of harvested acres due to the operation of this section. In
          carrying out this section, the Secretary may restrict the
          total amount of crop acreage that may be removed from
          production, taking into consideration the total amount of
          crop acreage that has, or will be, removed from production
          under other price support, production adjustment, or
          conservation program activities.
          (ii) Maximize conservation goals
            The Secretary shall, to the greatest extent practicable,
          permit producers on a farm that desire to participate in the
          program authorized under this section to enroll acreage
          adequate to maximize conservation goals on such farm and
          ensure economic effectiveness of the program in each
          individual application.
        (E) Displacement
          The Secretary shall not approve any plan that will result in
        the involuntary displacement of farm tenants or lessees by
        landowners through the removal of substantial portions of the
        farm from production of a commodity. In the case of any tenant
        or lessee who has rented or leased the farm (with or without a
        written option for annual renewal or periodic renewals) for a
        period of two or more of the immediately preceding years, the
        Secretary shall consider the refusal by a landlord, without
        reasonable cause other than simply for the purpose of
        enrollment in the program, to renew such rental or lease as an
        involuntary displacement in the absence of a written consent to
        such nonrenewal by the tenant or lessee.
      (2) Certification
        The Secretary shall certify compliance by producers with the
      terms and conditions of the plans.
      (3) Termination
        The Secretary may terminate a contract entered into with a
      producer under this program if - 
          (A) the producer agrees to such termination, or
          (B) the producer violates the terms and conditions of such
        contract.
    (h) Program rules
      (1) Base and yield protection
        Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall
      not, except as provided in paragraph (6), reduce crop acreage
      bases, or farm program payment yields, as a result of the
      planting of a resource-conserving crop as part of a resource-
      conserving crop rotation.
      (2) Resource-conserving crops on reduced acreage
        Notwithstanding the provisions of title I of the Agricultural
      Act of 1949 [7 U.S.C. 1441 et seq.], acreage devoted to resource-
      conserving crops as part of a resource-conserving crop rotation
      under this program may also be designated as conservation use
      acreage for the purpose of fulfilling any provisions under any
      acreage limitation or land diversion program and up to 50 percent
      of the acreage so designated shall be without restrictions on
      haying and grazing, except as provided in paragraph (5)(B),
      except that such acreage that is devoted to perennial cover on
      which cost-share assistance for the establishment of the
      perennial cover has been provided, shall not be credited towards
      the producer's resource-conserving crop requirement under a
      contract under this section.
      (3) Barley, oats, and wheat
        Notwithstanding any other provisions of this section, barley,
      oats, or wheat planted as part of a resource-conserving crop on
      reduced acreage may not be harvested in kernel form.
      (4) Payment acres
        Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, the Secretary
      shall not reduce farm program payments of participants in this
      program as a result of the planting a resource-conserving crop as
      part of a resource-conserving crop rotation on payment acres.
      (5) Haying and grazing restriction
        (A) In general
          The Secretary shall not make any program payments to a
        producer who is otherwise eligible to receive with respect to
        acreage enrolled in the program if such producer hays or grazes
        such acreage (excluding acreage designated as conservation use
        acreage) during the 5-month period in each State during which
        haying and grazing of conserving use acres is not allowed under
        the provisions of the Agricultural Act of 1949 [7 U.S.C. 1421
        et seq.], or, if the crop planted on such acreage includes a
        small grain, before the producer harvests the small grain crop
        in kernel form.
        (B) Limitation on permitted haying and grazing
          Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, if the
        Secretary determines that implementation of this section will
        result in a significant adverse economic impact on hay or
        livestock prices in a particular geographic area, the Secretary
        may limit the quantity of hay that can be harvested or grazed
        from that area. Such limit may include restrictions on the
        number of times that hay may be harvested or grazed from the
        acres per year, the timing of such harvesting and grazing, or
        the number of years that such land may remain in the same hay
        stand, or a prohibition on the harvesting or grazing of hay
        from acres on which a small grain was not originally
        interplanted with the hay crop and harvested for grain.
      (6) Base acre adjustments
        The Secretary, only for the purpose of establishing a
      producer's crop acreage base under the Agricultural Act of 1949
      [7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.], may make such adjustments as the
      Secretary determines to be fair and equitable to reflect resource-
      conserving crop rotation practices that were maintained by
      producers prior to participation in the program and to reflect
      such other factors as the Secretary determines should be
      considered, except that the total of such adjustments in any year
      shall not exceed the total farm program savings in the same year
      that would result from the implementation of plans.
      (7) Payment acreage limitation
        (A) In general
          No producers enrolled in a resource-conserving crop rotation
        shall be eligible to receive payments under farm programs for
        wheat, feed grains, cotton, or rice under the Agricultural Act
        of 1949 [7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.] on acreage equal to the average
        number of traditionally underplanted acres for the three years
        prior to enrolling in this program.
        (B) "Traditionally underplanted acreage" defined
          (i) In general
            Subject to clause (ii), for the purposes of this paragraph
          the term "traditionally underplanted acreage" means the
          difference in a particular year between the acreage that is
          part of a producer's crop acreage base that is not planted to
          the program crop and the part of the crop acreage base
          subject to an acreage limitation program or required to be
          set aside, but only to the extent that such number exceeds
          the number of acres resulting from the reduction in payment
          acres under an amendment made by section 1101 of the Omnibus
          Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-508; 104
          Stat. 1388-1). In no case shall such acreage be less than
          zero.
          (ii) Exception
            In the case of a producer participating in a particular
          year in a program authorized under section 101B(c)(1)(D),
          103B(c)(1)(D), 105B(c)(1)(E), or 107B(c)(1)(E) (!1) of the
          Agricultural Act of 1949, the term "traditionally
          underplanted acreage" means 8 percent of the producer's
          permitted acreage for such year.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XIV, Sec. 1451, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3607; Pub. L. 101-508, title I, Sec. 1204(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104
    Stat. 1388-11; Pub. L. 102-237, title II, Sec. 201(a), Dec. 13,
    1991, 105 Stat. 1846.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      The Agricultural Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (h)(2),
    (5)(A), (6), (7)(A), is act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, 63 Stat. 1051,
    as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 35A (Sec.
    1421 et seq.) of this title. Title I of the Agricultural Act of
    1949, is classified generally to subchapter II (Sec. 1441 et seq.)
    of chapter 35A of this title. Sections 101B, 103B, 105B, and 107B
    of the Act were classified to sections 1441-2, 1444-2, 1444f, and
    1445b-3a of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104-127, title I,
    Sec. 171(b)(2)(A)-(D), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 938. For complete
    classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set
    out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.
      This Act, referred to in subsec. (h)(4), is Pub. L. 101-624, Nov.
    28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3359, as amended, known as the Food,
    Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990. For complete
    classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set
    out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.
      Section 1101 of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990,
    referred to in subsec. (h)(7)(B)(i), is section 1101 of Pub. L. 101-
    508, which amended former sections 1441-2, 1444-2, 1444f, and
    1445b-3a of this title.

-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      Section was not enacted as part of subtitle B of title XVI of
    Pub. L. 101-624 which comprises this subchapter.

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1991 - Subsec. (b)(1)(D). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 201(a)(1),
    substituted "subsection (f)" for "subsection (e)".
      Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 201(a)(2), inserted "each of"
    before "the calendar".
      Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 201(a)(3), substituted
    "assist" for "assisting".
      Subsec. (h)(7)(B)(i). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 201(a)(4)(A),
    inserted before period at end of first sentence ", but only to the
    extent that such number exceeds the number of acres resulting from
    the reduction in payment acres under an amendment made by section
    1101 of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (Public Law
    101-508; 104 Stat. 1388-1)".
      Subsec. (h)(7)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 201(a)(4)(B),
    substituted "under section 101B(c)(1)(D), 103B(c)(1)(D),
    105B(c)(1)(E), or 107B(c)(1)(E)" for "under section 101B(c)(1)(B),
    section 103B(c)(1)(B), section 105A(c)(1)(B), or section
    107A(c)(1)(B)".
      1990 - Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101-508, Sec. 1204(a)(1), substituted
    "enroll not less than" for "enroll not more than".
      Subsec. (h)(7)(A). Pub. L. 101-508, Sec. 1204(a)(2), substituted
    "shall be eligible" for "shall not be eligible".

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1991 AMENDMENT                 
      Amendment by Pub. L. 102-237 effective as if included in the
    provision of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of
    1990, Pub. L. 101-624, to which the amendment relates, see section
    1101(b)(1) of Pub. L. 102-237, set out as a note under section 1421
    of this title.

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1990 AMENDMENT                 
      Amendment by Pub. L. 101-508 effective Nov. 29, 1990, see section
    1301 of Pub. L. 101-508, set out as an Effective Date note under
    section 940d of this title.

-FOOTNOTE-
    (!1) See References in Text note below.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Part C - Sustainable Agriculture  Technology
                    Development and Transfer Program       01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER I - SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
    Part C - Sustainable1AAgriculture1A1ATechnology Development and
              Transfer Program                        

-HEAD-
       PART C - SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE  TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND
                             TRANSFER PROGRAM

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5831                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER I - SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
    Part C - Sustainable1AAgriculture1A1ATechnology Development and
              Transfer Program                        

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5831. Technical guides and handbooks

-STATUTE-
    (a) Development
      Not later than two years after November 28, 1990, the Secretary
    shall develop and make available handbooks and technical guides,
    and any other educational materials that are appropriate for
    describing sustainable agriculture production systems and
    practices, as researched and developed under this subchapter,
    chapter 86 of this title,(!1) and other appropriate research
    programs of the Department.

    (b) Consultation and coordination
      The Secretary shall develop the handbooks, technical guides, and
    educational materials in consultation with the Natural Resources
    Conservation Service and any other appropriate entities designated
    by the Secretary. The Secretary shall coordinate activities
    conducted under this section with those conducted under section
    3861 of title 16.
    (c) Topics of handbooks and guides
      The handbooks and guides, and other educational materials, shall
    include detailed information on the selection of crops and crop-
    plant varieties, rotation practices, soil building practices,
    tillage systems, nutrient management, integrated pest management
    practices, habitat protection, pest, weed, and disease management,
    livestock management, soil, water, and energy conservation, and any
    other practices in accordance with or in furtherance of the purpose
    of this subchapter.
    (d) Organization and contents
      The handbooks and guides, and other educational materials, shall
    provide practical instructions and be organized in such a manner as
    to enable agricultural producers desiring to implement the
    practices and systems developed under this subchapter, chapter 86
    of this title,(!1) and other appropriate research programs of the
    Department to address site-specific, environmental and resource
    management problems and to sustain farm profitability, including - 
        (1) enhancing and maintaining the fertility, productivity, and
      conservation of farmland and ranch soils, ranges, pastures, and
      wildlife;
        (2) maximizing the efficient and effective use of agricultural
      inputs;
        (3) protecting or enhancing the quality of water resources; or
        (4) optimizing the use of on-farm and nonrenewable resources.
    (e) Availability
      The Secretary shall ensure that handbooks and technical guides,
    and other educational materials are made available to the
    agricultural community and the public through colleges and
    universities, the State Cooperative Extension Service, the Soil
    Conservation Service, other State and Federal agencies, and any
    other appropriate entities.
    (f) Authorization of appropriations
      There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be
    necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1628, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3740; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 407(3), Dec. 13, 1991, 105
    Stat. 1864; Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Secs. 860(c)(3),
    862(b)(3), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1174.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      This subchapter, referred to in subsecs. (a), (c), and (d), was
    in the original "this subtitle", meaning subtitle B (Secs. 1619-
    1629) of title XVI of Pub. L. 101-624, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3733, which enacted this subchapter, repealed sections 4701 to 4710
    of this title, and repealed provisions set out as a note under
    section 4701 of this title. For complete classification of subtitle
    B to the Code, see Tables.
      Chapter 86 of this title, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (d),
    was in the original "subtitle G of title XIV", meaning subtitle G
    (Secs. 1481-1485) of title XIV of Pub. L. 101-624, which was
    repealed by Pub. L. 105-185, title III, Sec. 302(c), June 23, 1998,
    112 Stat. 563.

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1996 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 862(b)(3), struck out
    "section 5881 of this title," before "and other appropriate".
      Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 860(c)(3), substituted
    "Natural Resources Conservation Service" for "Advisory Council, the
    Soil Conservation Service,".
      Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 862(b)(3), struck out "section
    5881 of this title," before "and other appropriate" in introductory
    provisions.
      1991 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102-237 substituted "educational" for
    "education".

-FOOTNOTE-
    (!1) See References in Text note below.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5832                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER I - SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
    Part C - Sustainable1AAgriculture1A1ATechnology Development and
              Transfer Program                        

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5832. National Training Program

-STATUTE-
    (a) In general
      The Secretary shall establish a National Training Program in
    Sustainable Agriculture to provide education and training for
    Cooperative Extension Service agents and other professionals
    involved in the education and transfer of technical information
    concerning sustainable agriculture in order to develop their
    understanding, competence, and ability to teach and communicate the
    concepts of sustainable agriculture to Cooperative Extension
    Service agents and to farmers and urban residents who need
    information on sustainable agriculture.
    (b) Administration
      The National Training Program shall be organized and administered
    by the Extension Service, in coordination with other appropriate
    Federal agencies. The Secretary shall designate an individual from
    the Cooperative Extension Service in each State to coordinate the
    National Training Program within that State. The coordinators shall
    be responsible, in cooperation with appropriate Federal and State
    agencies, for developing and implementing a statewide training
    program for appropriate field office personnel.
    (c) Required training
      (1) Agricultural agents
        The Secretary shall ensure that all agricultural agents of the
      Cooperative Extension Service have completed the National
      Training Program not later than the end of the five-year period
      beginning on November 28, 1990. Such training may occur at a
      college or university located within each State as designated by
      the coordinator designated under this section.
      (2) Proof of training
        Beginning three years after November 28, 1990, the Secretary
      shall ensure that all new Cooperative Extension Service agents
      employed by such Service are able to demonstrate, not later than
      18 months after the employment of such agents, that such agents
      have completed the training program established in subsection (a)
      of this section.
    (d) Regional training centers
      (1) Designation
        The Secretary shall designate not less than two regional
      training centers to coordinate and administer educational
      activities in sustainable agriculture as provided for in this
      section.
      (2) Training program
        Such centers shall offer intensive instructional programs
      involving classroom and field training work for extension
      specialists and other individuals who are required to transmit
      technical information.
      (3) Prohibition on construction
        Such centers shall be located at existing facilities, and no
      funds appropriated to carry out this part shall be used for
      facility construction.
      (4) Administration
        Such centers should be administered by entities that have a
      demonstrated capability relating to sustainable agriculture. The
      Secretary should consider utilizing existing entities with
      expertise in sustainable agriculture to assist in the design and
      implementation of the training program under paragraph (2).
      (5) Coordination of resources
        Such centers shall make use of information generated by the
      Department of Agriculture and the State agricultural experiment
      stations, and the practical experience of farmers, especially
      those cooperating in on-farm demonstrations and research
      projects, in carrying out the functions of such centers.
    (e) Competitive grants
      (1) In General
        The Secretary shall establish a competitive grants program to
      award grants to organizations, including land-grant colleges and
      universities, to carry out sustainable agricultural training for
      county agents and other individuals that need basic information
      concerning sustainable agriculture practices.
      (2) Short courses
        The purpose of the grants made available under paragraph (1)
      shall be to establish, in various regions in the United States,
      training programs that consist of workshops and short courses
      designed to familiarize participants with the concepts and
      importance of sustainable agriculture.
    (f) Regional specialists
      To assist county agents and farmers implement production
    practices developed under this subchapter, chapter 86 of this
    title,(!1) and other appropriate research programs of the
    Department, regional sustainable agriculture specialists may be
    designated within each State who shall report to the State
    coordinator of that State. The specialists shall be responsible for
    developing and coordinating local dissemination of sustainable
    agriculture information in a manner that is useful to farmers in
    the region.

    (g) Information availability
      The Cooperative Extension Service within each State shall
    transfer information developed under this subchapter, chapter 86 of
    this title,(!1) and other appropriate research programs of the
    Department through a program that shall - 
        (1) assist in developing farmer-to-farmer information exchange
      networks to enable farmers making transitions to more sustainable
      farming systems to share ideas and draw on the experiences of
      other farmers;
        (2) help coordinate and publicize a regular series of
      sustainable agriculture farm tours and field days within each
      State;
        (3) plan for extension programming, including extensive farmer
      input and feedback, in the design of new and ongoing research
      endeavors related to sustainable agriculture;
        (4) provide technical assistance to individual farmers in the
      design and implementation of farm management plans and strategies
      for making a transition to more sustainable agricultural systems;
        (5) consult and work closely with the Soil Conservation Service
      and the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service in
      carrying out the information, technical assistance, and related
      programs;
        (6) develop, coordinate, and direct special education and
      outreach programs in areas highly susceptible to groundwater
      contamination, linking sustainable agriculture information with
      water quality improvement information;
        (7) develop information sources relating to crop
      diversification, alternative crops, on-farm food or commodity
      processing, and on-farm energy generation;
        (8) establish a well-water testing program designed to provide
      those persons dependent upon underground drinking water supplies
      with an understanding of the need for regular water testing,
      information on sources of testing, and an understanding of how to
      interpret test results and provide for the protection of
      underground water supplies;
        (9) provide specific information on water quality practices
      developed through the research programs in chapter 86 of this
      title; (!1)
        (10) provide specific information on nutrient management
      practices developed through the research programs in chapter 86
      of this title; (!1) and
        (11) provide information concerning whole-farm management
      systems integrating research results under this subchapter,
      chapter 86 of this title,(!1) and other appropriate research
      programs of the Department.
    (h) "Appropriate field office personnel" defined
      For purposes of this section, the term "appropriate field office
    personnel" includes employees of the Extension Service, Soil
    Conservation Service, and other appropriate Department of
    Agriculture personnel, as determined by the Secretary, whose
    activities involve the provision of agricultural production and
    conservation information to agricultural producers.
    (i) Authorization of appropriations
      There are authorized to be appropriated $20,000,000 for each
    fiscal year to carry out the National Training Program.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1629, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3741; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 407(4), Dec. 13, 1991, 105
    Stat. 1864; Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec. 862(b)(4), Apr. 4,
    1996, 110 Stat. 1174; Pub. L. 105-185, title VI, Sec. 606(f), June
    23, 1998, 112 Stat. 604.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      Chapter 86 of this title, referred to in subsecs. (f) and (g),
    was in the original "subtitle G of title XIV", meaning subtitle G
    (Secs. 1481-1485) of title XIV of Pub. L. 101-624, which was
    repealed by Pub. L. 105-185, title III, Sec. 302(c), June 23, 1998,
    112 Stat. 563.

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1998 - Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105-185 struck out "section 5881 of
    this title," before "and other appropriate research" in
    introductory provisions.
      1996 - Subsecs. (f), (g)(11). Pub. L. 104-127 struck out "section
    5881 of this title," before "and other appropriate".
      1991 - Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 102-237 substituted "ensure" for
    "insure".

-FOOTNOTE-
    (!1) See References in Text note below.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC SUBCHAPTER II - NATIONAL GENETIC RESOURCES PROGRAM    01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER II - NATIONAL GENETIC RESOURCES PROGRAM

-HEAD-
            SUBCHAPTER II - NATIONAL GENETIC RESOURCES PROGRAM        

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5841                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER II - NATIONAL GENETIC RESOURCES PROGRAM

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5841. Establishment, purpose, and functions of National
      Genetic Resources Program

-STATUTE-
    (a) In general
      The Secretary of Agriculture shall provide for a National Genetic
    Resources Program.
    (b) Purpose
      The program is established for the purpose of maintaining and
    enhancing a program providing for the collection, preservation, and
    dissemination of genetic material of importance to American food
    and agriculture production.
    (c) Administration
      The program shall be administered by the Secretary through the
    Agricultural Research Service.
    (d) Functions
      The Secretary, acting through the program, shall - 
        (1) provide for the collection, classification, preservation,
      and dissemination of genetic material of importance to the food
      and agriculture sectors of the United States;
        (2) conduct research on the genetic materials collected and on
      methods for storage and preservation of those materials;
        (3) coordinate the activities of the program with similar
      activities occurring domestically;
        (4) unless otherwise prohibited by law, have the right to make
      available on request, without charge and without regard to the
      country from which the request originates, the genetic material
      that the program assembles;
        (5) expand the types of genetic resources included in the
      program to develop a comprehensive genetic resources program
      which includes plants (including silvicultural species), animal,
      aquatic, insect, microbiological, and other types of genetic
      resources of importance to food and agriculture, as resources
      permit; and
        (6) engage in such other activities as the Secretary determines
      appropriate and as the resources of the program permit.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1632, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3744; Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec. 832(a), Apr. 4, 1996, 110
    Stat. 1168.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1996 - Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 104-127 added par. (4) and struck
    out former par. (4) which read as follows: "make available upon
    request, without charge and without regard to the country from
    which such request originates, the genetic material which the
    program assembles;".

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5842                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER II - NATIONAL GENETIC RESOURCES PROGRAM

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5842. Appointment and authority of Director

-STATUTE-
    (a) Director
      There shall be at the head of the program an official to be known
    as the Director of the National Genetic Resources Program who shall
    be appointed by the Secretary. The Director shall perform such
    duties as are assigned to the Director by this subchapter and such
    other duties as the Secretary may prescribe.
    (b) Administrative authority
      In carrying out this subchapter, the Secretary, acting through
    the Director - 
        (1) shall be responsible for the overall direction of the
      program and for the establishment and implementation of general
      policies respecting the management and operation of activities
      within the program;
        (2) may secure for the program consultation services and advice
      of persons from the United States and abroad;
        (3) may accept voluntary and uncompensated services; and
        (4) may perform such other administrative functions as the
      Secretary determines are needed to effectively carry out this
      subchapter.
    (c) Duties
      The Director shall - 
        (1) advise participants on the program activities;
        (2) coordinate, review and facilitate the systematic
      identification and evaluation of, relevant information generated
      under the program;
        (3) promote the effective transfer of the information described
      in paragraph (2) to the agriculture and food production community
      and to entities that require such information; and
        (4) monitor the effectiveness of the activities described in
      paragraph (3).
    (d) Biennial reports
      The Director shall prepare and transmit to the Secretary and to
    the Congress a biennial report containing - 
        (1) a description of the activities carried out by and through
      the program and the policies of the program, and such
      recommendations respecting such activities and policies as the
      Director considers to be appropriate;
        (2) a description of the necessity for, and progress achieved
      toward providing, additional programs and activities designed to
      include the range of genetic resources described in section
      5841(d)(5) of this title in the activities of the program; and
        (3) an assessment of events and activities occurring
      internationally as they relate to the activities and policies of
      the program.
    (e) Initial reports
      Not later than one year after November 28, 1990, the Director
    shall transmit to the Secretary and to the Congress a report - 
        (1) describing the projected needs over a 10-year period in
      each of the areas of genetic resources described in section
      5841(d)(5) of this title, including the identification of
      existing components of a comprehensive program, policies and
      activities needed to coordinate those components, and additional
      elements not in existence which are required for the development
      of a comprehensive genetic resources program as described in such
      section;
        (2) assessing the international efforts and activities related
      to the program, and their effect upon and coordination with the
      program; and
        (3) evaluating the potential effect of various national laws,
      including national quarantine requirements, as well as treaties,
      agreements, and the activities of international organizations on
      the development of a comprehensive international system for the
      collection and maintenance of genetic resources of importance to
      agriculture.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1633, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3744; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 404(a)(2), Dec. 13, 1991, 105
    Stat. 1864.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1991 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102-237 substituted "Resources
    Program" for "Resources program".

                   TERMINATION OF REPORTING REQUIREMENTS               
      For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in subsec.
    (d) of this section relating to biennial reports to Congress, see
    section 3003 of Pub. L. 104-66, as amended, set out as a note under
    section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 49 of House
    Document No. 103-7.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5843                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER II - NATIONAL GENETIC RESOURCES PROGRAM

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5843. Advisory council

-STATUTE-
    (a) Establishment and membership
      The Secretary shall establish an advisory council for the program
    for the purpose of advising, assisting, consulting with, and making
    recommendations to, the Secretary and Director concerning matters
    related to the activities, policies and operations of the program.
    The advisory council shall consist of ex officio members and not
    more than nine members appointed by the Secretary.
    (b) Ex officio members
      The ex officio members of the advisory council shall consist of
    the following persons (or their designees):
        (1) The Director.
        (2) The Assistant Secretary of Agriculture for Science and
      Education.
        (3) The Director of the National Agricultural Library.
        (4) The Director of the National Institutes of Health.
        (5) The Director of the National Science Foundation.
        (6) The Secretary of Energy.
        (7) The Director of the Office of Science and Technology
      Policy.
        (8) Such additional officers and employees of the United States
      as the Secretary determines are necessary for the advisory
      council to effectively carry out its functions.
    (c) Appointment of other members
      The members of the advisory council who are not ex officio
    members shall be appointed by the Secretary as follows:
        (1) Two-thirds of the members shall be appointed from among the
      leading representatives of the scientific disciplines relevant to
      the activities of the program, including agricultural sciences,
      environmental sciences, natural resource sciences, health
      sciences, and nutritional sciences.
        (2) One-third of the members shall be appointed from the
      general public and shall include leaders in fields of public
      policy, trade, international development, law, or management.
    (d) Compensation
      Members of the advisory council shall serve without compensation,
    if not otherwise officers or employees of the United States, except
    that they shall, while away from their homes or regular places of
    business in the performance of services for the advisory council,
    be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of
    subsistence, in the same manner as persons employed intermittently
    in the Government service are allowed expenses under sections 5701
    through 5707 of title 5.
    (e) Term of office of appointees; vacancies
      (1) Term
        The term of office of a member appointed under subsection (c)
      of this section is four years, except that any member appointed
      to fill a vacancy occurring before the expiration of the term for
      which the predecessor of such member was appointed shall be
      appointed only for the remainder of such term.
      (2) Initial appointment
        The Secretary shall make appointments to the advisory council
      so as to ensure that the terms of the members appointed under
      subsection (c) of this section do not all expire in the same
      year. A member may serve after the expiration of the member's
      term until a successor takes office.
      (3) Reappointment
        A member who is appointed for a term of four years may not be
      reappointed to the advisory council before two years after the
      date of expiration of such term of office.
      (4) Vacancies
        If a vacancy occurs in the advisory council among the members
      appointed under subsection (c) of this section, the Secretary
      shall make an appointment to fill such vacancy within 90 days
      after the date such vacancy occurs.
    (f) Chair
      The Secretary shall select as the chair of the advisory council
    one of the members appointed under subsection (c) of this section.
    The term of office of the chair shall be two years.
    (g) Meetings
      The advisory council shall meet at the call of the chair or on
    the request of the Director, but at least two times each fiscal
    year. The location of the meetings of the advisory council shall be
    subject to the approval of the Director.
    (h) Staff
      The Director shall make available to the advisory council such
    staff, information, and other assistance as it may require to carry
    out its functions.
    (i) Orientation and training
      The Director shall provide such orientation and training for new
    members of the advisory council as may be appropriate for their
    effective participation in the functions of the advisory council.
    (j) Comments and recommendations
      The advisory council may prepare, for inclusion in a report
    submitted under section 5842 of this title - 
        (1) comments respecting the activities of the advisory council
      during the period covered by the report;
        (2) comments on the progress of the program in meeting its
      objectives; and
        (3) recommendations respecting the future directions, program,
      and policy emphasis of the program.
    (k) Reports
      The advisory council may prepare such reports as the advisory
    council determines to be appropriate.
    (l) Application of Advisory Committee Act
      Section 14(a) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C.
    App.) relating to the termination of an advisory committee shall
    not apply to the advisory council established under this section.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1634, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3745; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 407(5), Dec. 13, 1991, 105
    Stat. 1864.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      Section 14(a) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, referred to
    in subsec. (l), is section 14(a) of Pub. L. 92-463, which is set
    out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and
    Employees.

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1991 - Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 102-237 substituted "council
    established" for "committee established".

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5844                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER II - NATIONAL GENETIC RESOURCES PROGRAM

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5844. Definitions and authorization of appropriations

-STATUTE-
    (a) Definitions
      For purposes of this subchapter:
        (1) The term "program" means the National Genetic Resources
      Program.
        (2) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.
        (3) The term "Director" means the Director of the National
      Genetic Resources Program.
    (b) Authorization of appropriations
      There are authorized to be appropriated such funds as may be
    necessary to carry out this subchapter for each of the fiscal years
    1991 through 2007.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1635, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3747; Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec. 832(b), Apr. 4, 1996, 110
    Stat. 1168; Pub. L. 105-185, title III, Sec. 301(b)(1), June 23,
    1998, 112 Stat. 562; Pub. L. 107-171, title VII, Sec. 7118, May 13,
    2002, 116 Stat. 434.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2002 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107-171 substituted "2007" for
    "2002".
      1998 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105-185 substituted "2002" for
    "1997".
      1996 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104-127 substituted "1997" for
    "1995".

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC SUBCHAPTER III - NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL WEATHER
           INFORMATION SYSTEM                              01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER III - NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEM

-HEAD-
     SUBCHAPTER III - NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEM 

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5851                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER III - NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEM

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5851. Short title and purposes

-STATUTE-
    (a) Short title
      This subchapter may be cited as the "National Agricultural
    Weather Information System Act of 1990".
    (b) Purposes
      The purposes of this subchapter are - 
        (1) to provide a nationally coordinated agricultural weather
      information system, based on the participation of universities,
      State programs, Federal agencies, and the private weather
      consulting sector, and aimed at meeting the weather and climate
      information needs of agricultural producers;
        (2) to facilitate the collection, organization, and
      dissemination of advisory weather and climate information
      relevant to agricultural producers, through the participation of
      the private sector and otherwise;
        (3) to provide for research and education on agricultural
      weather and climate information, aimed at improving the quality
      and quantity of weather and climate information available to
      agricultural producers, including research on short-term
      forecasts of thunderstorms and on extended weather forecasting
      techniques and models;
        (4) to encourage, where feasible, greater private sector
      participation in providing agricultural weather and climate
      information, to encourage private sector participation in
      educating and training farmers and others in the proper
      utilization of agricultural weather and climate information, and
      to strengthen their ability to provide site-specific weather
      forecasting for farmers and the agricultural sector in general;
      and
        (5) to ensure that the weather and climate data bases needed by
      the agricultural sector are of the highest scientific accuracy
      and thoroughly documented, and that such data bases are easily
      accessible for remote computer access.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1637, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3747.)

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5852                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER III - NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEM

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5852. Agricultural Weather Office

-STATUTE-
    (a) Establishment of Office and administration of system
      (1) Establishment required
        The Secretary of Agriculture shall establish in the Department
      of Agriculture an Agricultural Weather Office to plan and
      administer the National Agricultural Weather Information System.
      The system shall be comprised of the office established under
      this section and the activities of the State agricultural weather
      information systems described in section 5854 of this title.
      (2) Director
        The Secretary shall appoint a Director to manage the activities
      of the Agricultural Weather Office and to advise the Secretary on
      scientific and programmatic coordination for climate, weather,
      and remote sensing.
    (b) Authority
      The Secretary, acting through the Office, may undertake the
    following activities to carry out this subchapter:
        (1) Enter into cooperative projects with the National Weather
      Service to - 
          (A) support operational weather forecasting and observation
        useful in agriculture;
          (B) sponsor joint workshops to train agriculturalists about
        the optimum utilization of agricultural weather and climate
        data;
          (C) jointly develop improved computer models and computing
        capacity; and
          (D) enhance the quality and availability of weather and
        climate information needed by agriculturalists.

        (2) Obtain standardized weather observation data collected in
      near real time through State agricultural weather information
      systems.
        (3) Make, through the Cooperative State Research Service,
      competitive grants under subsection (c) of this section for
      research in atmospheric sciences and climatology.
        (4) Make grants to eligible States under section 5854 of this
      title to plan and administer State agricultural weather
      information systems.
        (5) Coordinate the activities of the Office with the weather
      and climate research activities of the Cooperative State Research
      Service, the National Academy of Sciences, the National Science
      Foundation Atmospheric Services Program, and the National Climate
      Program.
        (6) Encourage private sector participation in the National
      Agricultural Weather Information System through mutually
      beneficial cooperation with the private sector, particularly in
      generating weather and climatic data useful for site-specific
      agricultural weather forecasting.
    (c) Competitive grants program
      (1) Grants authorized
        With funds allocated to carry out this subsection, the
      Secretary of Agriculture may make grants to State agricultural
      experiment stations, all colleges and universities, other
      research institutions and organizations, Federal agencies,
      private organizations and corporations, and individuals to carry
      out research in all aspects of atmospheric sciences and
      climatology that can be shown to be important in both a basic and
      developmental way to understanding, forecasting, and delivering
      agricultural weather information.
      (2) Competitive basis
        Grants made under this subsection shall be made on a
      competitive basis.
    (d) Priority
      In selecting among applications for grants under subsection (c)
    of this section, the Secretary shall give priority to proposals
    which emphasize - 
        (1) techniques and processes that relate to weather-induced
      agricultural losses, and to improving the advisory information on
      weather extremes such as drought, floods, freezes, and storms
      well in advance of their actual occurrence;
        (2) the improvement of site-specific weather data collection
      and forecasting; or
        (3) the impact of weather on economic and environmental costs
      in agricultural production.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1638, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3748; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 407(6), Dec. 13, 1991, 105
    Stat. 1865.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1991 - Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 102-237 substituted "National
    Science Foundation" for "National Sciences Foundation".

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5853                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER III - NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEM

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5853. Repealed.

-MISC1-
    Sec. 5853. Repealed. Pub. L. 107-171, title VII, Sec. 7304(a), May
      13, 2002, 116 Stat. 455.
      Section, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1639, Nov. 28, 1990,
    104 Stat. 3749; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 407(7), Dec. 13,
    1991, 105 Stat. 1865, related to establishment of National Advisory
    Board on Agricultural Weather.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5854                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER III - NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEM

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5854. State agricultural weather information systems

-STATUTE-
    (a) Advisory program grants
      (1) Grants required
        With funds allocated to carry out this section, the Secretary
      of Agriculture shall make grants to not fewer than 10 eligible
      States to plan and administer, in cooperation with persons
      described in paragraph (2), advisory programs for State
      agricultural weather information systems.
      (2) Persons described
        The persons referred to in paragraph (1) are the Director of
      the Agricultural Weather Office, the Administrator of the
      Extension Service, the Administrator of the Cooperative State
      Research Service, and other persons as appropriate (such as the
      directors of the appropriate State agricultural experiment
      stations and State extension programs).
    (b) Consultation
      For purposes of selecting among applications submitted by States
    for grants under this section, the Secretary shall consult with the
    Director.
    (c) Eligibility requirements
      To be eligible to receive a grant under this section, the chief
    executive officer of a State shall submit to the Secretary an
    application that contains - 
        (1) assurances that the State will expend such grant to plan
      and administer a State agricultural weather system that will - 
          (A) collect observational weather data throughout the State
        and provide such data to the National Weather Service and the
        Agricultural Weather Office;
          (B) develop methods for packaging information received from
        the national system for use by agricultural producers (with
        State Cooperative Extension Services and the private sector to
        serve as the primary conduit of agricultural weather forecasts
        and climatic information to producers); and
          (C) develop programs to educate agricultural producers on how
        to best use weather and climate information to improve
        management decisions; and

        (2) such other assurances and information as the Secretary may
      require by rule.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1640, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3749; Pub. L. 107-171, title VII, Sec. 7304(b), May 13, 2002, 116
    Stat. 455.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2002 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107-171 struck out "take into
    consideration the recommendation of the Advisory Board on
    Agricultural Weather and" before "consult with the Director".

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5855                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER III - NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEM

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5855. Funding

-STATUTE-
    (a) Allocation of funds
      (1) Cooperative work
        Not less than 15 percent and not more than 25 percent of the
      funds appropriated for a fiscal year to carry out this subchapter
      shall be used for cooperative work with the National Weather
      Service entered into under section 5852(b)(1) of this title.
      (2) Competitive grants program
        Not less than 15 percent and not more than 25 percent of such
      funds shall be used by the Cooperative State Research Service for
      a competitive grants program under section 5852(c) of this title.
      (3) Weather information systems
        Not less than 25 percent and not more than 35 percent of such
      funds shall be divided equally between the participating States
      selected for that fiscal year under section 5854 of this title.
      (4) Other purposes
        The remaining funds shall be allocated for use by the
      Agricultural Weather Office and the Extension Service in carrying
      out generally the provisions of this subchapter.
    (b) Limitations on use of funds
      Funds provided under the authority of this subchapter shall not
    be used for the construction of facilities. Each State or agency
    receiving funds shall not use more than 30 percent of such funds
    for equipment purchases. Any use of the funds in facilitating the
    distribution of agricultural and climate information to producers
    shall be done with consideration for the role that the private
    meteorological sector can play in such information delivery.
    (c) Authorization of appropriations
      There are authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 to carry out
    this subchapter for each of the fiscal years 1991 through 1997.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1641, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3750; Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec. 833, Apr. 4, 1996, 110
    Stat. 1168.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1996 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104-127 substituted "1997" for
    "1995".

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC SUBCHAPTER IV - RESEARCH REGARDING PRODUCTION,
           PREPARATION, PROCESSING, HANDLING, AND STORAGE
           OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS                        01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER IV - RESEARCH REGARDING PRODUCTION, PREPARATION,
                     PROCESSING, HANDLING, AND STORAGE OF
                     AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS     

-HEAD-
        SUBCHAPTER IV - RESEARCH REGARDING PRODUCTION, PREPARATION,
        PROCESSING, HANDLING, AND STORAGE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Secs. 5871 to 5874                                    01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER IV - RESEARCH REGARDING PRODUCTION, PREPARATION,
                     PROCESSING, HANDLING, AND STORAGE OF
                     AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS     

-HEAD-
    Secs. 5871 to 5874. Repealed.

-MISC1-
    Secs. 5871 to 5874. Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec.
      861, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1174.
      Section 5871, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1644, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3751, provided for establishment of research and
    grant program.
      Section 5872, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1645, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3752, related to advisory committee and grant
    process.
      Section 5873, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1646, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3753, provided for reports to Congress.
      Section 5874, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1647, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3754, provided for appropriations for research and
    grant program.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC SUBCHAPTER V - PLANT AND ANIMAL PEST AND DISEASE
           CONTROL PROGRAM                                 01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER V - PLANT AND ANIMAL PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAM

-HEAD-
     SUBCHAPTER V - PLANT AND ANIMAL PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAM 

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Secs. 5881 to 5885                                    01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER V - PLANT AND ANIMAL PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAM

-HEAD-
    Secs. 5881 to 5885. Repealed.

-MISC1-
    Secs. 5881 to 5885. Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec.
      862(a), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1174.
      Section 5881, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1650, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3754, related to plant and animal pest and disease
    control program.
      Section 5882, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1651, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3754, related to pest and disease control data base
    and pesticide resistance monitoring.
      Section 5883, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1652, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3755; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 407(8), Dec.
    13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1865, related to research on control and
    eradication of exotic pests.
      Section 5884, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1653, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3755, provided for study of biology and behavior of
    chinch bugs.
      Section 5885, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1654, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3756, authorized appropriations for plant, pest,
    and disease control program.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC SUBCHAPTER VI - ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
           AND COMMERCIALIZATION                           01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VI - ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND
                     COMMERCIALIZATION         

-HEAD-
           SUBCHAPTER VI - ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND
                             COMMERCIALIZATION

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Secs. 5901 to 5909                                    01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VI - ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND
                     COMMERCIALIZATION         

-HEAD-
    Secs. 5901 to 5909. Repealed.

-MISC1-
    Secs. 5901 to 5909. Repealed. Pub. L. 107-171, title VI, Sec.
      6201(a), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 418.
      Section 5901, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1657, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3756; Pub. L. 104-127, title VII, Sec. 721, Apr. 4,
    1996, 110 Stat. 1112, provided that this subchapter may be cited as
    the "Alternative Agricultural Research and Commercialization Act of
    1990" and specified purpose of and definitions relating to this
    subchapter.
      Section 5902, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1658, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3757; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 405(a), Dec.
    13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1864; Pub. L. 104-127, title VII, Sec. 722(a),
    Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1113, created the Alternative Agricultural
    Research and Commercialization Corporation.
      Section 5903, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1659, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3759; Pub. L. 104-127, title VII, Sec. 723(a), Apr.
    4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1115, related to board of directors, employees,
    and facilities.
      Section 5904, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1660, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3761; Pub. L. 104-127, title VII, Sec. 724, Apr. 4,
    1996, 110 Stat. 1119, related to research and development grants,
    contracts, and agreements.
      Section 5905, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1661, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3762; Pub. L. 104-127, title VII, Sec. 725, Apr. 4,
    1996, 110 Stat. 1119, related to commercialization assistance.
      Section 5906, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1662, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3764; Pub. L. 104-127, title VII, Sec. 726, Apr. 4,
    1996, 110 Stat. 1119, related to general rules regarding provision
    of assistance.
      Section 5907, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1663, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3765; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 405(b), Dec.
    13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1864; Pub. L. 104-127, title VII, Sec. 727,
    Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1119, related to Regional Centers.
      Section 5908, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1664, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3766; Pub. L. 104-127, title VII, Sec. 728, Apr. 4,
    1996, 110 Stat. 1120, related to the Alternative Agricultural
    Research and Commercialization Revolving Fund.
      Section 5909, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1665, as added
    Pub. L. 104-127, title VII, Sec. 729, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1121,
    related to procurement of alternative agricultural research and
    commercialization products.

                       DISPOSITION AND USE OF ASSETS                   
      Pub. L. 107-171, title VI, Sec. 6201(b), (c), May 13, 2002, 116
    Stat. 418, 419, provided that:
      "(b) Disposition of Assets. - On the date of enactment of this
    Act [May 13, 2002] - 
        "(1) the assets, both tangible and intangible, of the
      Alternative Agricultural Research and Commercialization
      Corporation (referred to in this section as the 'Corporation'),
      including the funds in the Alternative Agricultural Research and
      Commercialization Revolving Fund as of the date of enactment of
      this Act, are transferred to the Secretary of Agriculture; and
        "(2) notwithstanding the Federal Property and Administrative
      Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 471 et seq.) [now chapters 1 to
      11 of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works and title
      III of the Act of June 30, 1949 (41 U.S.C. 251 et seq.)] and any
      other law that prescribes procedures for procurement, use, and
      disposal of property by a Federal agency, the Secretary shall
      have authority to manage and dispose of the assets transferred
      under paragraph (1) in a manner that, to the maximum extent
      practicable, provides the best value to the Federal Government.
      "(c) Use of Assets. - 
        "(1) In general. - Funds transferred under subsection (b), and
      any income from assets or proceeds from the sale of assets
      transferred under subsection (b), shall be deposited in an
      account in the Treasury, and shall remain available to the
      Secretary until expended, without further appropriation, to pay -
      
          "(A) any claims against, or obligations of, the Corporation;
        and
          "(B) the costs incurred by the Secretary in carrying out this
        section.
        "(2) Final disposition. - On final disposition of all assets
      transferred under subsection (b), any funds remaining in the
      account described in paragraph (1) shall be transferred into
      miscellaneous receipts in the Treasury."

              BUSINESS PLAN AND FEASIBILITY STUDY AND REPORT          
      Pub. L. 104-127, title VII, Sec. 730, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat.
    1122, provided for a business plan for, and a feasibility study and
    report on, the Alternative Agricultural Research and
    Commercialization Corporation, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 107-171,
    title VI, Sec. 6201(d)(2), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 419.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS    01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
            SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS        

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5921                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5921. Biotechnology risk assessment research

-STATUTE-
    (a) Purpose
      It is the purpose of this section - 
        (1) to authorize and support environmental assessment research
      to help identify and analyze environmental effects of
      biotechnology; and
        (2) to authorize research to help regulators develop long-term
      policies concerning the introduction of such technology.
    (b) Grant program
      The Secretary of Agriculture shall establish a grant program
    within the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension
    Service and the Agricultural Research Service to provide the
    necessary funding for environmental assessment research concerning
    the introduction of genetically engineered animals, plants, and
    microorganisms into the environment.
    (c) Research priorities
      The following types of research shall be given priority for
    funding:
        (1) Research designed to identify and develop appropriate
      management practices to minimize physical and biological risks
      associated with genetically engineered animals, plants, and
      microorganisms.
        (2) Research designed to develop methods to monitor the
      dispersal of genetically engineered animals, plants, and
      microorganisms.
        (3) Research designed to further existing knowledge with
      respect to the characteristics, rates, and methods of gene
      transfer that may occur between genetically engineered animals,
      plants, and microorganisms and related wild and agricultural
      organisms.
        (4) Environmental assessment research designed to provide
      analysis which compares the relative impacts of animals, plants,
      and microorganisms modified through genetic engineering to other
      types of production systems.
        (5) Other areas of research designed to further the purposes of
      this section.
    (d) Eligibility requirements
      Grants under this section shall be - 
        (1) made on the basis of the quality of the proposed research
      project; and
        (2) available to any public or private research or educational
      institution or organization.
    (e) Consultation
      In considering specific areas of research for funding under this
    section, the Secretary of Agriculture shall consult with the
    Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and
    the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and
    Economics Advisory Board.
    (f) Program coordination
      The Secretary of Agriculture shall coordinate research funded
    under this section with the Office of Research and Development of
    the Environmental Protection Agency in order to avoid duplication
    of research activities.
    (g) Authorization of appropriations
      (1) In general
        There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as necessary
      to carry out this section.
      (2) Withholdings from biotechnology outlays
        The Secretary of Agriculture shall withhold from outlays of the
      Department of Agriculture for research on biotechnology, as
      defined and determined by the Secretary, at least 2 percent of
      such amount for the purpose of making grants under this section
      for research on biotechnology risk assessment.
      (3) Application of funds
        Funds made available under this subsection shall be applied, to
      the maximum extent practicable, to risk assessment research on
      all categories identified in subsection (c) of this section.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1668, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3767; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 407(9), Dec. 13, 1991, 105
    Stat. 1865; Pub. L. 107-171, title VII, Sec. 7210, May 13, 2002,
    116 Stat. 446.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2002 - Pub. L. 107-171 reenacted section catchline and amended
    text generally, substituting substantially similar provisions in
    subsecs. (a), (b), and (d) to (g), and substituting in subsec. (c),
    provisions relating to research priorities for provisions relating
    to types of research.
      1991 - Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 102-237 substituted "Withholdings"
    for "Witholdings" in heading.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5921a                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5921a. Program of public education regarding use of
      biotechnology in producing food for human consumption

-STATUTE-
    (a) Public information campaign
      Not later than 1 year after May 13, 2002, the Secretary of
    Agriculture shall develop and implement a program to communicate
    with the public regarding the use of biotechnology in producing
    food for human consumption. The information provided under the
    program shall include the following:
        (1) Science-based evidence on the safety of foods produced with
      biotechnology.
        (2) Scientific data on the human outcomes of the use of
      biotechnology to produce food for human consumption.
    (b) Authorization of appropriations
      There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are
    necessary to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 2002
    through 2007.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 107-171, title X, Sec. 10802, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat.
    525.)

-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      Section was enacted as part of the Farm Security and Rural
    Investment Act of 2002, and not as part of subtitle H of title XVI
    of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 which
    comprises this subchapter.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5922                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5922. Repealed.

-MISC1-
    Sec. 5922. Repealed. Pub. L. 107-171, title X, Sec. 10705(b), May
      13, 2002, 116 Stat. 519.
      Section, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1669, Nov. 28, 1990,
    104 Stat. 3768, related to Graduate School of Department of
    Agriculture.

                         EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL                     
      Repeal of section effective Oct. 1, 2002, see section 10705(c) of
    Pub. L. 107-171, set out as an Effective Date of 2002 Amendment
    note under section 2279b of this title.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5923                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5923. Rural electronic commerce extension program

-STATUTE-
    (a) Definitions
      In this section:
      (1) Development center
        The term "development center" means - 
          (A) the North Central Regional Center for Rural Development;
          (B) the Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development or
        its designee;
          (C) the Southern Rural Development Center; and
          (D) the Western Rural Development Center or its designee.
      (2) Extension program
        The term "extension program" means the rural electronic
      commerce extension program established under subsection (b) of
      this section.
      (3) Microenterprise
        The term "microenterprise" means a commercial enterprise that
      has 5 or fewer employees, 1 or more of whom own the enterprise.
      (4) Secretary
        The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture, acting
      through the Administrator of the Cooperative State Research,
      Education, and Extension Service.
      (5) Small business
        The term "small business" has the meaning given the term "small-
      business concern" by section 632(a) of title 15.
    (b) Establishment
      The Secretary shall establish a rural electronic commerce
    extension program to expand and enhance electronic commerce
    practices and technology to be used by small businesses and
    microenterprises in rural areas.
    (c) Grants
      (1) In general
        The Secretary shall carry out the program established under
      subsection (b) of this section by making - 
          (A) grants to each of the development centers; and
          (B) competitive grants to land-grant colleges and
        universities (or consortia of land-grant colleges and
        universities) and to colleges and universities (including
        community colleges) with agricultural or rural development
        programs - 
            (i) to develop and facilitate innovative rural electronic
          commerce business strategies; and
            (ii) to assist small businesses and microenterprises in
          identifying, adapting, implementing, and using electronic
          commerce business practices and technologies.
      (2) Eligibility
        The selection criteria established for grants awarded under
      paragraph (1)(B) shall include - 
          (A) the ability of an applicant to provide training and
        education on best practices, technology transfer, adoption, and
        use of electronic commerce in rural communities by small
        businesses and microenterprises;
          (B) the extent and geographic diversity of the area served by
        the proposed project or activity under the extension program;
          (C) in the case of a land-grant college or university, the
        extent of participation of the land-grant college or university
        in the extension program (including any economic benefits that
        would result from that participation);
          (D) the percentage of funding and in-kind commitments from
        non-Federal sources that would be needed by and available for a
        proposed project or activity under the extension program; and
          (E) the extent of participation of low-income and minority
        businesses or microenterprises in a proposed project or
        activity under the extension program.
      (3) Non-Federal share
        (A) In general
          As a condition of the receipt of funds under this section, a
        development center or grant applicant shall agree to obtain
        from non-Federal sources (including State, local, nonprofit, or
        private sector sources) contributions of an amount equal to 50
        percent of the grant amount.
        (B) Form
          The non-Federal share required under subparagraph (A) may be
        provided in the form of in-kind contributions.
        (C) Exception
          The non-Federal share required under subparagraph (A) may be
        reduced to 25 percent if the grant recipient serves low-income
        or minority-owned businesses or microenterprises, as determined
        by the Secretary.
    (d) Report
      Not later than 2 years after May 13, 2002, the Secretary shall
    submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
    Forestry of the Senate a report that describes - 
        (1) (!1) the policies, practices, and procedures used to assist
      rural communities in efforts to adopt and use electronic commerce
      techniques; and

    (e) Authorization of appropriations
      There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section
    $60,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2002 through 2007, of which
    not less than  1/3  of the amount made available for each fiscal
    year shall be used to carry out activities under subsection
    (c)(1)(A) of this section.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1670, as added Pub. L. 107-171,
    title VI, Sec. 6202, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 419.)

-MISC1-
                             PRIOR PROVISIONS                         
      A prior section 5923, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1670, Nov.
    28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3769; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 407(10),
    Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1865; Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec.
    834, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1169, authorized establishment of
    livestock product safety and inspection program, prior to repeal by
    Pub. L. 105-185, title III, Sec. 302(c), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat.
    563.

-FOOTNOTE-
    (!1) So in original. No par. (2) has been enacted.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5924                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5924. Agricultural Genome Initiative

-STATUTE-
    (a) Goals
      The goals of this section are - 
        (1) to expand the knowledge of public and private sector
      entities and persons concerning genomes for species of importance
      to the food and agriculture sectors in order to maximize the
      return on the investment in genomics of agriculturally important
      species;
        (2) to focus on the species that will yield scientifically
      important results that will enhance the usefulness of many
      agriculturally important species;
        (3) to build on genomic research, such as the Human Genome
      Initiative and the Arabidopsis Genome Project, to understand gene
      structure and function that is expected to have considerable
      payoffs in agriculturally important species;
        (4) to develop improved bioinformatics to enhance both sequence
      or structure determination and analysis of the biological
      function of genes and gene products;
        (5) to encourage Federal Government participants to maximize
      the utility of public and private partnerships for agricultural
      genome research;
        (6) to allow resources developed under this section, including
      data, software, germplasm, and other biological materials, to be
      openly accessible to all persons, subject to any confidentiality
      requirements imposed by law; and
        (7) to encourage international partnerships with each partner
      country responsible for financing its own strategy for
      agricultural genome research.
    (b) Duties of Secretary
      The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this section as the
    "Secretary") shall conduct a research initiative (to be known as
    the "Agricultural Genome Initiative") for the purpose of - 
        (1) studying and mapping agriculturally significant genes to
      achieve sustainable and secure agricultural production;
        (2) ensuring that current gaps in existing agricultural
      genetics knowledge are filled;
        (3) identifying and developing a functional understanding of
      genes responsible for economically important traits in
      agriculturally important species, including emerging plant and
      animal pathogens and diseases causing economic hardship;
        (4) ensuring future genetic improvement of agriculturally
      important species;
        (5) supporting preservation of diverse germplasm;
        (6) ensuring preservation of biodiversity to maintain access to
      genes that may be of importance in the future;
        (7) reducing the economic impact of plant pathogens on
      commercially important crop plants; and
        (8) otherwise carrying out this section.
    (c) Grants and cooperative agreements
      (1) Authority
        The Secretary may make grants or enter into cooperative
      agreements with individuals and organizations in accordance with
      section 3318 of this title.
      (2) Competitive basis
        A grant or cooperative agreement under this subsection shall be
      made or entered into on a competitive basis.
    (d) Administration
      Paragraphs (1), (6), (7), and (11) of subsection (b) of section
    450i of this title shall apply with respect to the making of a
    grant or cooperative agreement under this section.
    (e) Matching of funds
      (1) General requirement
        If a grant or cooperative agreement under this section provides
      a particular benefit to a specific agricultural commodity, the
      Secretary shall require the recipient to provide funds or in-kind
      support to match the amount of funds provided by the Secretary
      under the grant or cooperative agreement.
      (2) Waiver
        The Secretary may waive the matching funds requirement of
      paragraph (1) with respect to a research project if the Secretary
      determines that - 
          (A) the results of the project, while of particular benefit
        to a specific agricultural commodity, are likely to be
        applicable to agricultural commodities generally; or
          (B) the project involves a minor commodity, the project deals
        with scientifically important research, and the recipient is
        unable to satisfy the matching funds requirement.
    (f) Consultation with National Academy of Sciences
      The Secretary may use funds made available under this section to
    consult with the National Academy of Sciences regarding the
    administration of the Agricultural Genome Initiative.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1671, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3769; Pub. L. 104-66, title I, Sec. 1011(s), Dec. 21, 1995, 109
    Stat. 710; Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec. 835, Apr. 4, 1996, 110
    Stat. 1169; Pub. L. 105-185, title II, Sec. 241, June 23, 1998, 112
    Stat. 547; Pub. L. 107-171, title VII, Sec. 7208(a), May 13, 2002,
    116 Stat. 442.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2002 - Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 107-171, Sec. 7208(a)(1), inserted
    "pathogens and" before "diseases causing economic hardship".
      Subsec. (b)(7), (8). Pub. L. 107-171, Sec. 7208(a)(2)-(4), added
    par. (7) and redesignated former par. (7) as (8).
      1998 - Pub. L. 105-185 amended section catchline and text
    generally, substituting present provisions for provisions which in
    subsec. (a) required plant genome mapping program, in subsec. (b)
    authorized competitive grants for research projects, in subsec. (c)
    described research areas for projects, in subsec. (d) set forth
    deadline for submission of plan for awarding grants, in subsec. (e)
    directed coordination of section activities with certain related
    activities, in subsec. (f) required protection of proprietary
    interests when considered to be appropriate, and in subsec. (g)
    authorized appropriations for fiscal years 1996 and 1997 to carry
    out this section.
      1996 - Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104-127 inserted "for fiscal years
    1996 and 1997" after "appropriated".
      1995 - Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 104-66 redesignated subsec. (h)
    as (g) and struck out former subsec. (g) which required Secretary
    to submit annual reports to Congress describing operations of grant
    program for plant genome mapping.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5925                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5925. High-priority research and extension initiatives

-STATUTE-
    (a) Competitive specialized research and extension grants
      authorized
      The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this section as the
    "Secretary") may make competitive grants to support research and
    extension activities specified in subsections (e), (f), and (g) of
    this section. The Secretary shall make the grants in consultation
    with the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and
    Economics Advisory Board.
    (b) Administration
      (1) In general
        Except as otherwise provided in this section, paragraphs (1),
      (6), (7), and (11) of subsection (b) of section 450i of this
      title shall apply with respect to the making of grants under this
      section.
      (2) Use of task forces
        To facilitate the making of research and extension grants under
      this section in the research and extension areas specified in
      subsection (e) of this section, the Secretary may appoint a task
      force for each such area to make recommendations to the
      Secretary. The Secretary may not incur costs in excess of $1,000
      for any fiscal year in connection with each task force
      established under this paragraph.
    (c) Matching funds required
      (1) In general
        The Secretary shall require the recipient of a grant under this
      section to provide funds or in-kind support from non-Federal
      sources in an amount at least equal to the amount provided by the
      Federal Government.
      (2) Waiver authority
        The Secretary may waive the matching funds requirement
      specified in paragraph (1) with respect to a research project if
      the Secretary determines that - 
          (A) the results of the project, while of particular benefit
        to a specific agricultural commodity, are likely to be
        applicable to agricultural commodities generally; or
          (B) the project involves a minor commodity, the project deals
        with scientifically important research, and the grant recipient
        is unable to satisfy the matching funds requirement.
    (d) Partnerships encouraged
      Following the completion of a peer review process for grant
    proposals received under this section, the Secretary may provide a
    priority to those grant proposals, found in the peer review process
    to be scientifically meritorious, that involve the cooperation of
    multiple entities.
    (e) High-priority research and extension areas
      (1) Brown citrus aphid and citrus tristeza virus research and
        extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of - 
          (A) developing methods to control or eradicate the brown
        citrus aphid and the citrus tristeza virus from citrus crops
        grown in the United States; or
          (B) adapting citrus crops grown in the United States to the
        brown citrus aphid and the citrus tristeza virus.
      (2) Ethanol research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of carrying out or enhancing research on ethanol
      derived from agricultural crops as an alternative fuel source.
      (3) Aflatoxin research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of identifying and controlling aflatoxin in the
      food and feed chains.
      (4) Mesquite research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of developing enhanced production methods and
      commercial uses of mesquite.
      (5) Prickly pear research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of investigating enhanced genetic selection and
      processing techniques of prickly pears.
      (6) Deer tick ecology research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of studying the population ecology of deer ticks
      and other insects and pests that transmit Lyme disease.
      (7) Red meat safety research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of developing - 
          (A) intervention strategies that reduce microbial
        contamination on carcass surfaces;
          (B) microbiological mapping of carcass surfaces; and
          (C) model hazard analysis and critical control point plans.
      (8) Grain sorghum ergot research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of developing techniques for the eradication of
      sorghum ergot.
      (9) Peanut market enhancement research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of evaluating the economics of applying
      innovative technologies for peanut processing in a commercial
      environment.
      (10) Dairy financial risk management research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of providing research, development, or education
      materials, information, and outreach programs regarding risk
      management strategies for dairy producers and for dairy
      cooperatives and other processors and marketers of milk.
      (11) Cotton research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of improving pest management, fiber quality
      enhancement, economic assessment, textile production, and
      optimized production systems for short staple cotton.
      (12) Methyl bromide research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of - 
          (A) developing and evaluating chemical and nonchemical
        alternatives, and use and emission reduction strategies, for
        pre-planting and post-harvest uses of methyl bromide; and
          (B) transferring the results of the research for use by
        agricultural producers.
      (13) Potato research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of developing and evaluating new strains of
      potatoes that are resistant to blight and other diseases, as well
      as insects. Emphasis may be placed on developing potato varieties
      that lend themselves to innovative marketing approaches.
      (14) Wood use research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of developing new uses for wood from underused
      tree species as well as investigating methods of modifying wood
      and wood fibers to produce better building materials.
      (15) Low-bush blueberry research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of evaluating methods of propagating and
      developing low-bush blueberry as a marketable crop.
      (16) Wetlands use research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of better use of wetlands in diverse ways to
      provide various economic, agricultural, and environmental
      benefits.
      (17) Wild pampas grass control, management, and eradication
        research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of control, management, and eradication of wild
      pampas grass.
      (18) Food safety, including pathogen detection and limitation,
        research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of increasing food safety, including the
      identification of advanced detection and processing methods to
      limit the presence of pathogens (including hepatitis A and E.
      coli 0157:H7) in domestic and imported foods.
      (19) Financial risk management research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of providing research, development, or education
      materials, information, and outreach programs regarding financial
      risk management strategies for agricultural producers and for
      cooperatives and other processors and marketers of any
      agricultural commodity.
      (20) Ornamental tropical fish research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of meeting the needs of commercial producers of
      ornamental tropical fish and aquatic plants for improvements in
      the areas of fish reproduction, health, nutrition, predator
      control, water use, water quality control, and farming
      technology.
      (21) Sheep scrapie research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of investigating the genetic aspects of scrapie
      in sheep.
      (22) Gypsy moth research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of developing biological control, management, and
      eradication methods against nonnative insects, including
      Lymantria dispar (commonly known as the "gypsy moth"), that
      contribute to significant agricultural, economic, or
      environmental harm.
      (23) Forestry research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section to
      develop and distribute new, high-quality, science-based
      information for the purpose of improving the long-term
      productivity of forest resources and contributing to forest-based
      economic development by addressing such issues as - 
          (A) forest land use policies;
          (B) multiple-use forest management, including wildlife
        habitat development, improved forest regeneration systems, and
        timber supply; and
          (C) improved development, manufacturing, and marketing of
        forest products.
      (24) Tomato spotted wilt virus research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of control, management, and eradication of tomato
      spotted wilt virus.
      (25) Genetically modified agriculture products (GMAP) research
        Research grants may be made under this section for the purposes
      of providing unbiased, science-based evaluation of the risks and
      benefits to the public and the environment of specific
      genetically modified plant and animal products. Grants may be
      used to form interdisciplinary teams to review and conduct
      research on scientific, social, economic, and ethical issues
      during the review process, to answer questions raised by the
      release of new genetically modified agriculture products, to
      conduct fundamental studies on the health and environmental
      safety of genetically modified agriculture products (including
      quantitative risk assessment, the effect of specific genetically
      modified agriculture products on human health, and gene flow
      studies), to communicate the risk of genetically modified
      agriculture products through extension and education programs,
      and to engage the public and industry in relevant issues.
      (26) Wind erosion research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of validating wind erosion models.
      (27) Crop loss research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of validating crop loss models.
      (28) Land use management research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purposes of evaluating the environmental benefits of land
      use management tools such as those provided in the Farmland
      Protection Program.
      (29) Water and air quality research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of better understanding agricultural impacts to
      air and water quality and means to address them.
      (30) Revenue and insurance tools research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purposes of better understanding the impact of revenue
      and insurance tools on farm income.
      (31) Agrotourism research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of better understanding the economic,
      environmental, and food systems impacts of agrotourism.
      (32) Harvesting productivity for fruits and vegetables
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of improving harvesting productivity for fruits
      and vegetables (including citrus), including the development of
      mechanical harvesting technologies and effective, economical, and
      safe abscission compounds.
      (33) Nitrogen-fixation by plants
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of enhancing the nitrogen-fixing ability and
      efficiency of legumes, developing new varieties of legumes that
      fix nitrogen more efficiently, and developing new varieties of
      other commercially important crops that potentially are able to
      fix nitrogen.
      (34) Agricultural marketing
        Extension grants may be made under this section for the purpose
      of providing education materials, information, and outreach
      programs regarding commodity and livestock marketing strategies
      for agricultural producers and for cooperatives and other
      marketers of any agricultural commodity, including livestock.
      (35) Environment and private lands research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of researching the use of computer models to aid
      in assessment of best management practices on a watershed basis,
      working with government, industry, and private landowners to help
      craft industry-led solutions to identified environmental issues,
      researching and monitoring water, air, or soil environmental
      quality to aid in the development of new approaches to local
      environmental concerns, and working with local, State, and
      federal officials to help craft effective environmental solutions
      that respect private property rights and agricultural production
      realities.
      (36) Livestock disease research and extension
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of identifying possible livestock disease
      threats, educating the public regarding livestock disease
      threats, training persons to deal with such threats, and
      conducting related research.
      (37) Plant gene expression
        Research grants may be made under this section for the purpose
      of plant gene expression research to accelerate the application
      of basic plant genomic science to the development and testing of
      new varieties of enhanced food crops, crops that can be used as
      renewable energy sources, and other alternative uses of
      agricultural crops.
      (38) Animal infectious diseases research
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of developing prevention and control
      methodologies for animal infectious diseases (including
      evaluation under field conditions in countries in which an animal
      disease occurs) such as laboratory tests for quicker detection of
      infected animals and presence of disease, prevention strategies
      (including vaccination programs), and rapid diagnostic techniques
      for animal disease agents considered to be risks for agricultural
      bioterrorism attack.
      (39) Program to combat childhood obesity
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section to
      institutions of higher education with demonstrated capacity in
      basic and clinical obesity research, nutrition research, and
      community health education research to develop and evaluate
      community-wide strategies that catalyze partnerships between
      families and health care, education, recreation, mass media, and
      other community resources to reduce the incidence of childhood
      obesity.
      (40) Integrated pest management
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section to
      coordinate and improve research, education, and outreach on, and
      implementation on farms of, integrated pest management.
      (41) Beef cattle genetics
        Research and extension grants for beef cattle genetics
      evaluation research may be made under this section to consortia
      of institutions of higher education that have expertise in beef
      cattle genetic evaluation research and technology and that have
      been actively involved for at least 20 years in the estimation
      and prediction of progeny differences for publication and use by
      seed stock producer breed associations.
      (42) Dairy pipeline cleaner
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of preventing and eliminating the dangers of
      dairy pipeline cleaner, including development of safer packaging
      and transfer mechanisms, outlining accident causes and potential
      prevention measures, and other means of improving efforts to
      prevent ingestion of dairy pipeline cleaner.
      (43) Development of publicly held plants and animal varieties
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of development of publicly held plants and animal
      varieties (including germplasm for identity-preserved markets)
      and genetic resource conservation activities.
      (44) Sugarcane genetics
        Research grants may be made under this section for the purpose
      of maintaining acceptable yields under reduced production inputs,
      implementing marker-assisted breeding strategies and other basic
      plant genomic technologies to screen for improved plant
      resistance to diseases, weeds, and insects toward minimizing
      pesticide use, enhancing food, fiber and energy production, and
      developing varieties for maximum performance under prevailing
      conditions, including management for improved soil and water
      conservation.
      (45) Specialty crop research
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of improving the efficiency, productivity, and
      profitability of specialty crop production in the United States.
    (f) Imported fire ant control, management, and eradication
      (1) Task force
        The Secretary shall establish a task force pursuant to
      subsection (b)(2) of this section regarding the control,
      management, and eradication of imported fire ants. The Secretary
      shall solicit and evaluate grant proposals under this subsection
      in consultation with the task force.
      (2) Initial grants
        (A) Request for proposals
          The Secretary shall publish a request for proposals for
        grants for research or demonstration projects related to the
        control, management, and possible eradication of imported fire
        ants.
        (B) Selection
          Not later than 1 year after the date of publication of the
        request for proposals, the Secretary shall evaluate the grant
        proposals submitted in response to the request and may select
        meritorious research or demonstration projects related to the
        control, management, and possible eradication of imported fire
        ants to receive an initial grant under this subsection.
      (3) Subsequent grants
        (A) Evaluation of initial grants
          If the Secretary awards grants under paragraph (2)(B), the
        Secretary shall evaluate all of the research or demonstration
        projects conducted under the grants for their use as the basis
        of a national plan for the control, management, and possible
        eradication of imported fire ants by the Federal Government,
        State and local governments, and owners and operators of land.
        (B) Selection
          On the basis of the evaluation under subparagraph (A), the
        Secretary may select the projects that the Secretary considers
        most promising for additional research or demonstration related
        to preparation of a national plan for the control, management,
        and possible eradication of imported fire ants. The Secretary
        shall notify the task force of the projects selected under this
        subparagraph.
      (4) Selection and submission of national plan
        (A) Evaluation of subsequent grants
          If the Secretary awards grants under paragraph (3)(B), the
        Secretary shall evaluate all of the research or demonstration
        projects conducted under the grants for use as the basis of a
        national plan for the control, management, and possible
        eradication of imported fire ants by the Federal Government,
        State and local governments, and owners and operators of land.
        (B) Selection
          On the basis of the evaluation under subparagraph (A), the
        Secretary shall select 1 project funded under paragraph (3)(B),
        or a combination of those projects, for award of a grant for
        final preparation of the national plan.
        (C) Submission
          The Secretary shall submit to Congress the final national
        plan prepared under subparagraph (B) for the control,
        management, and possible eradication of imported fire ants.
    (g) Formosan termite research and eradication
      (1) Research program
        The Secretary may make competitive research grants under this
      subsection to regional and multijurisdictional entities, local
      government planning organizations, and local governments for the
      purpose of conducting research for the control, management, and
      possible eradication of Formosan termites in the United States.
      (2) Eradication program
        The Secretary may enter into cooperative agreements with
      regional and multijurisdictional entities, local government
      planning organizations, and local governments for the purposes of
      - 
          (A) conducting projects for the control, management, and
        possible eradication of Formosan termites in the United States;
        and
          (B) collecting data on the effectiveness of the projects.
      (3) Funding priority
        In allocating funds made available to carry out paragraph (2),
      the Secretary shall provide a higher priority for regions or
      locations with the highest historical rates of infestation of
      Formosan termites.
      (4) Management coordination
        The program management of research grants, cooperative
      agreements, and projects under this subsection shall be conducted
      under existing authority in coordination with the national
      formosan (!1) termite management and research demonstration
      program conducted by the Agricultural Research Service.

    (h) Authorization of appropriations
      There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are
    necessary to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 1999
    through 2007.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1672, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3770; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Secs. 406, 407(11), Dec. 13, 1991,
    105 Stat. 1864, 1865; Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Secs. 836, 863,
    888, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1169, 1174, 1180; Pub. L. 105-185,
    title II, Sec. 242, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 549; Pub. L. 107-171,
    title VII, Secs. 7119, 7208(b), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 434, 442;
    Pub. L. 108-465, title III, Sec. 302, Dec. 21, 2004, 118 Stat.
    3885.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2004 - Subsec. (e)(45). Pub. L. 108-465 added par. (45).
      2002 - Subsec. (e)(25) to (44). Pub. L. 107-171, Sec. 7208(b),
    added pars. (25) to (44).
      Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 107-171, Sec. 7119, substituted "2007" for
    "2002".
      1998 - Pub. L. 105-185 amended section catchline and text
    generally, substituting present provisions for provisions which in
    subsecs. (a) to (f) which authorized specialized research programs
    relating to, respectively, brown citrus aphid and citrus tristeza
    virus, ethanol, aflatoxin, mesquite, prickly pear, and deer tick
    ecology and related research, and for provisions in subsec. (g)
    subjecting research to peer review, setting limitation on use of
    funds, and providing for general eligibility to participate in
    programs.
      1996 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104-127, Secs. 863(1), 888, added
    subsec. (a) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a).
    Text read as follows: "The Secretary of Agriculture is encouraged
    to fund research for the development of technology which will
    ascertain the lean content of animal carcasses to be used for human
    consumption."
      Subsecs. (d)(4), (e)(4). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 836, substituted
    "1997" for "1995".
      Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 863, redesignated subsec. (i)
    as (f) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (f). Text
    read as follows:
      "(1) Research required. - The Secretary of Agriculture shall
    establish and carry out a program to make grants to colleges and
    universities for research relating to immunoassay used - 
        "(A) to detect agricultural pesticide residues on agricultural
      commodities for human consumption; and
        "(B) to diagnose animal and plant diseases.
      "(2) Preference. - In making grants under this subsection, the
    Secretary may give preference to those colleges and universities
    that, as of November 28, 1990, are conducting research described in
    this subsection."
      Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 863, redesignated subsec. (k)
    as (g) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (g). Text
    read as follows: "The Secretary shall make research and extension
    grants available for the development of agricultural production and
    marketing systems that will service niche markets located in nearby
    metropolitan areas. In awarding such grants, the Secretary shall
    pay particular attention to areas - 
        "(1) with a high concentration of small farm operations; and
        "(2) that experience difficulty in delivering products to
      market due to geographic isolation."
      Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 863(1), struck out subsec. (h)
    which provided that Secretary of Agriculture may establish and
    carry out a program to conduct research on disease of scrapie in
    sheep and goats.
      Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 104-127, Secs. 836, 863(2), redesignated
    subsec. (i) as (f) and substituted "1997" for "1995".
      Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 863(1), struck out heading and
    text of subsec. (j). Text read as follows: "The Secretary of
    Agriculture may - 
        "(1) conduct fundamental and applied research related to the
      development of new commercial products derived from natural plant
      materials for industrial, medical, and agricultural applications;
      and
        "(2) participate with colleges and universities, other Federal
      agencies, and private sector entities in conducting such
      research."
      Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 863(2), redesignated subsec.
    (k) as (g).
      1991 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 407(11), redesignated
    pars. (A) to (I) as (1) to (9), respectively.
      Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 406(1), substituted "Secretary
    of Agriculture, acting through the Cooperative State Research
    Service, to make competitive grants" for "Agricultural Research
    Service".
      Subsec. (k)(1). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 406(2), substituted
    "Research" for "Except for research funded under subsection (i),
    research".

                        METHYL BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES                    
      Pub. L. 108-465, title III, Sec. 301, Dec. 21, 2004, 118 Stat.
    3885, provided that:
      "(a) Priority. - The Secretary of Agriculture shall elevate the
    priority of current methyl bromide alternative research and
    extension activities and reexamine the risks and benefits of
    extending the phase-out deadline in effect on the date of the
    enactment of this Act [Dec. 21, 2004], including the estimated cost
    to the grower or processor associated with any alternatives
    proposed.
      "(b) Authorization of Appropriations. - For each of the fiscal
    years 2005 through 2009, there is authorized to be appropriated to
    the Secretary of Agriculture $5,000,000 to carry out this section."

-FOOTNOTE-
    (!1) So in original. Probably should be capitalized.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5925a                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5925a. Nutrient management research and extension initiative

-STATUTE-
    (a) Competitive research and extension grants authorized
      The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this section as the
    "Secretary") may make competitive grants to support research and
    extension activities specified in subsection (e) of this section.
    The Secretary shall make the grants in consultation with the
    National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics
    Advisory Board.
    (b) Administration
      (1) In general
        Paragraphs (1), (6), (7), and (11) of subsection (b) of section
      450i of this title shall apply with respect to the making of
      grants under this section.
      (2) Use of task forces
        To facilitate the making of research and extension grants under
      this section in the research and extension areas specified in
      subsection (e) of this section, the Secretary may appoint a task
      force for each such area to make recommendations to the
      Secretary. The Secretary may not incur costs in excess of $1,000
      for any fiscal year in connection with each task force
      established under this paragraph.
    (c) Matching funds required
      (1) In general
        The Secretary shall require the recipient of a grant under this
      section to provide funds or in-kind support from non-Federal
      sources in an amount at least equal to the amount provided by the
      Federal Government.
      (2) Waiver authority
        The Secretary may waive the matching funds requirement
      specified in paragraph (1) with respect to a research project if
      the Secretary determines that - 
          (A) the results of the project, while of particular benefit
        to a specific agricultural commodity, are likely to be
        applicable to agricultural commodities generally; or
          (B) the project involves a minor commodity, the project deals
        with scientifically important research, and the grant recipient
        is unable to satisfy the matching funds requirement.
    (d) Partnerships encouraged
      Following the completion of a peer review process for grant
    proposals received under this section, the Secretary may provide a
    priority to those grant proposals, found in the peer review process
    to be scientifically meritorious, that involve the cooperation of
    multiple entities.
    (e) Nutrient management research and extension areas
      (1) Animal waste and odor management
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of - 
          (A) identifying, evaluating, and demonstrating innovative
        technologies for animal waste management and related air
        quality management and odor control;
          (B) investigating the unique microbiology of specific animal
        wastes, such as swine waste, to develop improved methods to
        effectively manage air and water quality; and
          (C) conducting information workshops to disseminate the
        results of the research.
      (2) Water quality and aquatic ecosystems
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of investigating the impact on aquatic food webs,
      especially commercially important aquatic species and their
      habitats, of microorganisms of the genus Pfiesteria and other
      microorganisms that are a threat to human or animal health.
      (3) Rural and urban interface
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of identifying, evaluating, and demonstrating
      innovative technologies to be used for animal waste management
      (including odor control) in rural areas adjacent to urban or
      suburban areas in connection with waste management activities
      undertaken in urban or suburban areas.
      (4) Animal feed
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of maximizing nutrition management for livestock,
      while limiting risks, such as mineral bypass, associated with
      livestock feeding practices.
      (5) Alternative uses of animal waste
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section
      for the purpose of finding innovative methods and technologies
      for economic use or disposal of animal waste.
    (g) (!1) Authorization of appropriations

      There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are
    necessary to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 1999
    through 2007.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1672A, as added Pub. L. 105-185,
    title II, Sec. 243, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 554; amended Pub. L.
    107-171, title VII, Sec. 7120, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 434.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2002 - Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 107-171 substituted "2007" for
    "2002".

                         STUDY OF NUTRIENT BANKING                     
      Pub. L. 107-171, title VII, Sec. 7411, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat.
    462, provided that:
      "(a) In General. - The Secretary [of Agriculture] may conduct a
    study to evaluate nutrient banking for the purpose of enhancing the
    health and viability of watersheds in areas with large
    concentrations of animal producing units.
      "(b) Components. - In conducting any study under subsection (a),
    the Secretary shall evaluate the costs, needs, and means by which
    litter may be collected and distributed outside the applicable
    watershed to reduce potential point source and nonpoint source
    phosphorous pollution.
      "(c) Report. - The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that
    describes the results of any study conducted under subsection (a)."

-FOOTNOTE-
    (!1) So in original. No subsec. (f) has been enacted.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5925b                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5925b. Organic agriculture research and extension initiative

-STATUTE-
    (a) Competitive specialized research and extension grants
      authorized
      In consultation with the National Agricultural Research,
    Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board, the Secretary
    of Agriculture (referred to in this section as the "Secretary") may
    make competitive grants to support research and extension
    activities regarding organically grown and processed agricultural
    commodities for the purposes of - 
        (1) facilitating the development of organic agriculture
      production, breeding, and processing methods;
        (2) evaluating the potential economic benefits to producers and
      processors who use organic methods;
        (3) exploring international trade opportunities for organically
      grown and processed agricultural commodities;
        (4) determining desirable traits for organic commodities;
        (5) identifying marketing and policy constraints on the
      expansion of organic agriculture; and
        (6) conducting advanced on-farm research and development that
      emphasizes observation of, experimentation with, and innovation
      for working organic farms, including research relating to
      production and marketing and to socioeconomic conditions.
    (b) Grant types and process, prohibition on construction
      Paragraphs (1), (6), (7), and (11) of subsection (b) of section
    450i of this title shall apply with respect to the making of grants
    under this section.
    (c) Matching funds required
      (1) In general
        The Secretary shall require the recipient of a grant under this
      section to provide funds or in-kind support from non-Federal
      sources in an amount at least equal to the amount provided by the
      Federal Government.
      (2) Waiver authority
        The Secretary may waive the matching funds requirement
      specified in paragraph (1) with respect to a research project if
      the Secretary determines that - 
          (A) the results of the project, while of particular benefit
        to a specified agricultural commodity, are likely to be
        applicable to agricultural commodities generally; or
          (B) the project involves a minor commodity, the project deals
        with scientifically important research, and the grant recipient
        is unable to satisfy the matching funds requirement.
    (d) Partnerships encouraged
      Following the completion of a peer review process for grant
    proposals received under this section, the Secretary may provide a
    priority to those grant proposals, found in the peer review process
    to be scientifically meritorious, that involve the cooperation of
    multiple entities.
    (e) Funding
      On October 1, 2003, and each October 1 thereafter through October
    1, 2007, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise
    appropriated, the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer
    $3,000,000 to the Secretary of Agriculture for this section.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1672B, as added Pub. L. 105-185,
    title II, Sec. 244, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 555; amended Pub. L.
    107-171, title VII, Sec. 7218, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 449.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2002 - Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 107-171, Sec. 7218(1)(A), inserted
    ", breeding," after "production".
      Subsec. (a)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 107-171, Sec. 7218(1)(B)-(D),
    added pars. (4) to (6).
      Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 107-171, Sec. 7218(2), amended heading and
    text of subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as
    follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are
    necessary to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 1999
    through 2002."

     REPORT ON PRODUCERS AND HANDLERS OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 
      Pub. L. 107-171, title VII, Sec. 7409, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat.
    461, provided that: "Not later than 1 year after funds are made
    available to carry out this section, the Secretary [of Agriculture]
    shall submit to Congress a report that - 
        "(1) describes - 
          "(A) the extent to which producers and handlers of organic
        agricultural products are contributing to research and
        promotion programs of the Department [of Agriculture];
          "(B) the extent to which producers and handlers of organic
        agricultural products are surveyed for ideas for research and
        promotion;
          "(C) ways in which the programs reflect the contributions
        made by producers and handlers of organic agricultural products
        and directly benefit the producers and handlers; and
          "(D) the implementation of initiatives that directly benefit
        organic producers and handlers; and
        "(2) evaluates industry and other proposals for improving the
      treatment of certified organic agricultural products under
      Federal marketing orders, including proposals to target
      additional resources for research and promotion of organic
      products and to differentiate between certified organic and other
      products in new or existing volume limitations or other orderly
      marketing requirements."

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5925c                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5925c. Organic production and market data initiatives

-STATUTE-
      The Secretary shall ensure that segregated data on the production
    and marketing of organic agricultural products is included in the
    ongoing baseline of data collection regarding agricultural
    production and marketing.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 107-171, title VII, Sec. 7407, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat.
    461.)

-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      Section was enacted as part of the Farm Security and Rural
    Investment Act of 2002, and not as part of subtitle H of title XVI
    of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 which
    comprises this subchapter.

-CROSS-
                                DEFINITIONS                            
      Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture, see section 7401(1)
    of Pub. L. 107-171, set out as a note under section 3319f of this
    title.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5925d                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5925d. International organic research collaboration

-STATUTE-
      The Secretary, acting through the Agricultural Research Service
    (including the National Agricultural Library) and the Economic
    Research Service, shall facilitate access by research and extension
    professionals, farmers, and other interested persons in the United
    States to, and the use by those persons of, organic research
    conducted outside the United States.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 107-171, title VII, Sec. 7408, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat.
    461.)

-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      Section was enacted as part of the Farm Security and Rural
    Investment Act of 2002, and not as part of subtitle H of title XVI
    of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 which
    comprises this subchapter.

-CROSS-
                                DEFINITIONS                            
      Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture, see section 7401(1)
    of Pub. L. 107-171, set out as a note under section 3319f of this
    title.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5926                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5926. Agricultural telecommunications program

-STATUTE-
    (a) Purpose
      The program (hereafter referred to in this section as the
    "program") established under this section is intended to encourage
    the development and utilization of an agricultural communications
    network to facilitate and to strengthen agricultural extension,
    resident education and research, and domestic and international
    marketing of United States agricultural commodities and products
    through a partnership between eligible institutions and the
    Department of Agriculture. The network will employ satellite and
    other telecommunications technology to disseminate and to share
    academic instruction, cooperative extension programming,
    agricultural research, and marketing information.
    (b) Objectives
      The objectives of the program established under this section are -
     
        (1) to make optimal use of available resources for agricultural
      extension, resident education, and research by sharing resources
      between participating institutions;
        (2) to improve the competitive position of United States
      agriculture in international markets by disseminating information
      to producers, processors, and researchers;
        (3) to train students for careers in agriculture and food
      industries;
        (4) to facilitate interaction among leading agricultural
      scientists;
        (5) to enhance the ability of United States agriculture to
      respond to environmental and food safety concerns; and
        (6) to identify new uses for farm commodities and to increase
      the demand for United States agricultural products in both
      domestic and foreign markets.
    (c) Definitions
      For purposes of this section - 
        (1) A*DEC. - The term "A*DEC" means the distance education
      consortium known as A*DEC.
        (2) The term "eligible institution" means an accredited
      institution of higher education determined by the Secretary to be
      able to meet the objectives identified in subsection (b) of this
      section.
        (3) The term "communications network" refers to television or
      cable television origination or distribution equipment, signal
      conversion equipment (including both modulators and
      demodulators), computer hardware and software, programs or
      terminals, or related devices, used to process and exchange data
      through a telecommunications system in which signals are
      generated, modified, or prepared for transmission, or received,
      via telecommunications terminal equipment or via
      telecommunications transmission.
        (4) The term "delivery" means the transmission and reception of
      programs by facilities that transmit, receive, or carry data
      between telecommunications terminal equipment at each end of a
      telecommunications circuit or path.
        (5) The term "facilities" includes microwave antennae,
      fiberoptic cables and repeaters, coaxial cables, communications
      satellite ground station complexes, copper cable electronic
      equipment associated with telecommunications transmission, and
      similar items as defined by the Secretary.
        (6) The term "satellite ground station complex" includes
      transmitters, receivers, and communications antennae at the Earth
      station site together with the interconnecting terrestrial
      transmission facilities (including cables, line, or microwave
      facilities) and modulating and demodulating equipment necessary
      for processing traffic received from the terrestrial distribution
      system prior to transmission via satellite and the traffic
      received from the satellite prior to transfer to terrestrial
      distribution systems.
        (7) Secretary. - Except as provided in subsection (d)(1) of
      this section, the term "Secretary" means the Secretary of
      Agriculture, acting through A*DEC.
    (d) Authorization of assistance to eligible institutions
      (1) The Secretary of Agriculture shall establish a program, to be
    administered through a grant provided to A*DEC under terms and
    conditions established by the Secretary of Agriculture, under which
    financial and technical assistance may be provided to eligible
    institutions that participate in a network that distributes
    programs consistent with the objectives described in subsection (b)
    of this section.
      (2) The Secretary may approve all or part of any application
    submitted by an eligible institution if the proposed activity will
    contribute, directly or indirectly, to the purpose and objectives
    of the program established under this section.
      (3) As provided in subsection (f) of this section, applications
    for financial assistance may include requests to fund program
    production or program delivery, or both.
    (e) Priority
      The Secretary, in considering applications for assistance under
    this program, shall establish procedures to ensure a broad
    dissemination of programming, giving a preference to applications
    that - 
        (1) are submitted by institutions affiliated with an
      established agricultural telecommunications network that
      distributes programs to a wide geographical area; or
        (2) demonstrate the need for such assistance, taking into
      consideration the relative needs of all applicants and the
      financial ability of the applicants to otherwise secure or create
      the telecommunications system.
    (f) Applications for program production and delivery
      (1) The Secretary shall consider applications for financial
    assistance for the production and delivery of programs of
    cooperative extension, academic instruction in agriculture,
    agricultural research, and other topics consistent with the
    objectives described in subsection (b) of this section.
      (2) Eligible institutions shall request assistance by submitting
    applications to A*DEC. Applications shall include - 
        (A) a detailed description of the telecommunications network
      and programming proposed to be produced and delivered, including
      to whom the programming will be distributed, how the programming
      will contribute to achieving the objectives described in
      subsection (b) of this section, and the total cost of producing
      and delivering such programming;
        (B) the amount of assistance requested for the proposed program
      authorized under this section and other sources of funding that
      will be used for the proposed program; and
        (C) an analysis of the costs and benefits of purchasing (or
      leasing) different types of facilities, equipment, components,
      hardware and software, or other items.
    (g) Limitations on assistance
      (1) The Secretary may provide funds totaling not more than 50
    percent of the cost of a proposal for which an application is
    submitted under subsection (f) of this section. Notwithstanding the
    preceding sentence, the Secretary may provide funds totaling up to
    100 percent of the cost of such a proposal if the Secretary
    determines that an eligible institution would otherwise be unable
    to carry out the proposal.
      (2) The Secretary may allocate not more than 10 percent of the
    funds appropriated under this section for the acquisition and
    installation of telecommunications transmission facilities.
    (h) Authorization of appropriations
      For the purposes of implementing the program established under
    this section, there are hereby authorized to be appropriated not
    more than $12,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1991 through
    2007.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1673, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3773; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 407(12), Dec. 13, 1991, 105
    Stat. 1865; Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec. 837, Apr. 4, 1996,
    110 Stat. 1169; Pub. L. 105-185, title II, Sec. 245, title III,
    Sec. 301(b)(2), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 556, 563; Pub. L. 107-171,
    title VII, Sec. 7121, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 434.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2002 - Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 107-171 substituted "2007" for
    "2002".
      1998 - Subsec. (c)(1) to (7). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 245(1), added
    pars. (1) and (7) and redesignated former pars. (1) to (5) as (2)
    to (6), respectively.
      Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 245(2), substituted "The
    Secretary of Agriculture shall establish a program, to be
    administered through a grant provided to A*DEC under terms and
    conditions established by the Secretary of Agriculture," for "The
    Secretary shall establish a program, to be administered by the
    Assistant Secretary for Science and Education,".
      Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 245(3), substituted "A*DEC"
    for "the Assistant Secretary for Science and Education" in first
    sentence.
      Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 301(b)(2), substituted "2002"
    for "1997".
      1996 - Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 104-127 substituted "1997" for
    "1995".
      1991 - Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 102-237 substituted "programs of"
    for "programs or".

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5927                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5927. Repealed.

-MISC1-
    Sec. 5927. Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec. 864, Apr. 4,
      1996, 110 Stat. 1174.
      Section, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1674, Nov. 28, 1990,
    104 Stat. 3775; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 407(13), Dec. 13,
    1991, 105 Stat. 1865, provided for establishment of Agriculture
    Research Facilities Planning and Closure Study Commission.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5928                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5928. Repealed.

-MISC1-
    Sec. 5928. Repealed. Pub. L. 105-185, title III, Sec. 302(c), June
      23, 1998, 112 Stat. 563.
      Section, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1675, Nov. 28, 1990,
    104 Stat. 3777; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 407(14), Dec. 13,
    1991, 105 Stat. 1865; Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec. 838, Apr.
    4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1169, related to national centers for
    agricultural product quality research.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5929                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5929. Red meat safety research center

-STATUTE-
    (a) Establishment of center
      The Secretary of Agriculture shall award a grant, on a
    competitive basis, to a research facility described in subsection
    (b) of this section to establish a red meat safety research center.
    (b) Eligible research facility described
      A research facility eligible for a grant under subsection (a) of
    this section is a research facility that - 
        (1) is part of a land-grant college or university, or other
      federally supported agricultural research facility, located in
      close proximity to a livestock slaughter and processing facility;
      and
        (2) is staffed by professionals with a wide diversity of
      scientific expertise covering all aspects of meat science.
    (c) Research conducted
      The red meat safety research center established under subsection
    (a) of this section shall carry out research related to general
    food safety, including - 
        (1) the development of intervention strategies that reduce
      microbiological contamination of carcass surfaces;
        (2) research regarding microbiological mapping of carcass
      surfaces; and
        (3) the development of model hazard analysis and critical
      control point plans.
    (d) Administration of funds
      The Secretary of Agriculture shall administer funds appropriated
    to carry out this section.
    (e) Authorization of appropriations
      There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are
    necessary for fiscal year 1997 to carry out this section.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1676, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3779; Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec. 839, Apr. 4, 1996, 110
    Stat. 1169.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1996 - Pub. L. 104-127 substituted "Red meat safety research
    center" for "Turkey Research Center" in section catchline and
    amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:
    "There are authorized to be appropriated $500,000 for fiscal year
    1992 to be used by the Agricultural Research Service for planning
    purposes in the establishment of a facility to be known as the
    Agricultural Turkey Research Center to be located in Pelican
    Rapids, Minnesota, and operated in cooperation with the North
    Dakota State University."

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5930                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5930. Reservation extension agents

-STATUTE-
    (a) Establishment
      The Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Extension
    Service, shall establish appropriate extension education programs
    on Indian reservations and tribal jurisdictions. In establishing
    these extension programs, the Secretary shall consult with the
    Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Intertribal Agriculture Council, and
    the Southwest Indian Agriculture Association, and shall make such
    interagency cooperative agreements or memoranda of understanding as
    may be necessary. The programs to be developed and delivered on
    reservations and within tribal jurisdictions shall be determined
    with the advice and counsel of reservation or tribal program
    advisory committees.
    (b) Administration and management
      Extension agents shall be employees of, and administratively
    responsible to, the Cooperative Extension Service of the State
    within which the reservation or tribal jurisdiction is located, and
    employment and personnel management responsibilities shall be
    vested with the State Cooperative Extension Service. In cases where
    a reservation or tribal jurisdiction is located in two or more
    States, the Secretary of Agriculture shall make the determination
    of administrative responsibility, including possible divisions
    along State boundaries.
    (c) Advisory committees
      At the request of a State Extension Director, and with the
    assistance of the tribal authorities, the Secretary of Agriculture
    may form an advisory committee to give overall policy and program
    advice to that State Extension Director with regard to programs
    conducted on reservations or within tribal jurisdictions. Program
    advisory committees may be formed to assist extension staff in
    development and conduct of program activities.
    (d) Staffing
      Insofar as possible, agent and specialist staff shall include
    individuals representative of the tribal grouping being served.
    Programs shall emphasize training and employment of local people in
    positions such as program aides, master gardeners, and volunteers.
    Staffing at a particular location shall be dependent on the needs
    and priorities of that location, as identified by the advisory
    committees and the State Extension Director, and the Director may
    make use of existing personnel and facilities as appropriate.
    (e) Placing of agents
      The number of offices and their placement shall be jointly
    determined by the State Extension Directors and tribal authorities
    of the respective States by taking into consideration the
    agricultural acreage within the boundaries of an Indian reservation
    or tribal jurisdiction, the soil classifications of such acreage,
    and the population of such reservation or tribal jurisdiction.
    (f) Reduced regulatory burden
      On a determination by the Secretary of Agriculture that a program
    carried out under this section has been satisfactorily administered
    for not less than 2 years, the Secretary shall implement a reduced
    reapplication process for the continued operation of the program in
    order to reduce regulatory burdens on participating university and
    tribal entities.
    (g) Authorization of appropriations
      There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be
    necessary to carry out this section.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1677, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3779; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 407(15), Dec. 13, 1991, 105
    Stat. 1865; Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec. 840, Apr. 4, 1996,
    110 Stat. 1170.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1996 - Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 104-127 added subsec. (f) and
    redesignated former subsec. (f) as (g).
      1991 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 407(15)(A), (B),
    substituted "reservation" for "Reservation" and "reservations" for
    "Reservations" wherever appearing.
      Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 407(15)(A), substituted
    "reservation" for "Reservation" in two places.
      Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 407(15)(C), substituted
    "tribal" for "Tribal" after "assistance of the".
      Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102-237, Sec. 407(15)(A), substituted
    "reservation" for "Reservation" in two places.

          INDIAN SUBSISTENCE FARMING DEMONSTRATION GRANT PROGRAM      
      Pub. L. 102-237, title IX, subtitle C, Secs. 931-939, Dec. 13,
    1991, 105 Stat. 1889, established Indian subsistence farming
    demonstration grant program to provide grants to any Indian tribe,
    or intertribal consortium, for establishment on Indian reservations
    of subsistence farming operations that grow fresh produce for
    distribution to eligible recipients, and provided for definitions,
    applications for assistance, training and technical assistance by
    Extension Service, tribal consultation, use, amount, and terms of
    grants, additional requirements, and authorization of
    appropriations through fiscal year 1995, prior to repeal by Pub. L.
    104-127, title VIII, Sec. 874, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1175.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Secs. 5931, 5932                                      01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Secs. 5931, 5932. Repealed.

-MISC1-
    Secs. 5931, 5932. Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Secs. 865,
      866, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1174.
      Section 5931, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1678, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3780; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 407(16), Dec.
    13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1865, related to special grants to study
    constraints on agricultural trade.
      Section 5932, Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1679, Nov. 28,
    1990, 104 Stat. 3780, provided for establishment of five-year pilot
    project to coordinate food and nutrition education programs.

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5933                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5933. Assistive technology program for farmers with
      disabilities

-STATUTE-
    (a) Special demonstration grants
      (1) In general
        The Secretary of Agriculture, in consultation with other
      appropriate Federal agencies, shall make demonstration grants to
      support cooperative programs between State Cooperative Extension
      Service agencies and private nonprofit disability organizations
      to provide on-the-farm agricultural education and assistance
      directed at accommodating disability in farm operations for
      individuals with disabilities who are engaged in farming and farm-
      related occupations and their families.
      (2) Eligible services
        Grants awarded under paragraph (1) may be used to support
      programs serving individuals with disabilities, and their
      families, who are engaged in farming and farm-related
      occupations.
      (3) Eligible programs
        Grants awarded under paragraph (1) may be used to initiate,
      expand, or sustain programs that - 
          (A) provide direct education and assistance to accommodate
        disability in farming to individuals with disabilities who
        engage in farming and farm-related occupations;
          (B) provide on-the-farm technical advice concerning the
        design, fabrication, and use of agricultural and related
        equipment, machinery, and tools, and assist in the modification
        of farm worksites, operations, and living arrangements to
        accommodate individuals with disabilities who engage in
        farming, farm living and farm-related tasks;
          (C) involve community and health care professionals,
        including Extension Service agents and others, in the early
        identification of farm and rural families that are in need of
        services related to the disability of an individual;
          (D) provide specialized education programs to enhance the
        professional competencies of rural agricultural professionals,
        rehabilitation and health care providers, vocational
        counselors, and other providers of service to individuals with
        disabilities, and their families, who engage in farming or farm-
        related occupations; and
          (E) mobilize rural volunteer resources, including peer
        counseling among farmers with disabilities and rural ingenuity
        networks promoting cost effective methods or accommodating
        disabilities in farming and farm-related activities.
      (4) Extension Service agencies
        Grants shall be awarded under this subsection directly to State
      Extension Service agencies to enable them to enter into
      contracts, on a multiyear basis, with private nonprofit community-
      based direct service organizations to initiate, expand, or
      sustain cooperative programs described under paragraphs (2) and
      (3).
      (5) Minimum amount
        A grant awarded under this subsection may not be less than
      $150,000.
      (6) Consideration for grants for new programs
        For each fiscal year that amounts are made available for grants
      under this subsection, the Secretary may make grants in a manner
      that ensures that eligible entities who apply for grants, but
      have not previously received a grant under this subsection, are
      given full consideration.
    (b) National grant for technical assistance, training, and
      dissemination
      The Secretary of Agriculture shall award a competitive grant to a
    national private nonprofit disability organization to enable such
    organization to provide technical assistance, training, information
    dissemination and other activities to support community-based
    direct service programs of on-site rural rehabilitation and
    assistive technology for individuals with disabilities, and their
    families, who are engaged in farming or farm-related occupations.
    (c) Authorization of appropriations
      (1) In general
        Subject to paragraph (2), there is authorized to be
      appropriated to carry out this section $6,000,000 for each of
      fiscal years 1999 through 2007.
      (2) National grant
        Not more than 15 percent of the amounts made available under
      paragraph (1) for a fiscal year shall be used to carry out
      subsection (b) of this section.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1680, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3781; Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec. 841, Apr. 4, 1996, 110
    Stat. 1170; Pub. L. 105-185, title II, Sec. 246, June 23, 1998, 112
    Stat. 556; Pub. L. 107-171, title VII, Secs. 7122, 7208(c), May 13,
    2002, 116 Stat. 434, 444.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2002 - Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 107-171, Sec. 7208(c), added par.
    (6).
      Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 107-171, Sec. 7122, substituted "2007"
    for "2002".
      1998 - Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 246(1), struck out
    heading and text of par. (6). Text read as follows: "There are
    authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection - 
        "(A) not less than $3,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1991
      and 1992; and
        "(B) not less than $5,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1993
      through 1997."
      Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 246(2), struck out par. (1)
    designation and heading and struck out heading and text of par.
    (2). Text read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated
    $1,000,000 to carry out this subsection for each of the fiscal
    years 1991 through 1997."
      Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 246(3), added subsec. (c).
      1996 - Subsecs. (a)(6)(B), (b)(2). Pub. L. 104-127 substituted
    "1997" for "1996".

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5934                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5934. Research on honeybee diseases

-STATUTE-
    (a) Sense of Congress
      It is the sense of Congress that - 
        (1) diseases affecting the entire honeybee population impact on
      the ability of honeybees to carry out crop pollination and honey
      production, and therefore impact negatively on beekeepers,
      producers and consumers; and
        (2) certain diseases (such as those caused by tracheal mite,
      varroa mite, and the Africanized honeybee) pose a threat to the
      continued well-being of the general honeybee population, and thus
      merit further study.
    (b) Research
      Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of
    Agriculture shall give priority attention to the funding of
    research regarding the diseases referred to in subsection (a) of
    this section that are affecting the honeybee population.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1681, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat.
    3782; Pub. L. 102-237, title IV, Sec. 407(17), Dec. 13, 1991, 105
    Stat. 1865.)

-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1991 - Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102-237 substituted "tracheal
    mite" for "teacheal mite".

-End-

-CITE-
    7 USC Sec. 5935                                             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 7 - AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 88 - RESEARCH
    SUBCHAPTER VII - MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS

-HEAD-
    Sec. 5935. Use of remote sensing data and other data to anticipate
      potential food, feed, and fiber shortages or excesses and to
      provide timely information to assist farmers with planting
      decisions

-STATUTE-
    (a) Findings
      Congress finds that - 
        (1) remote sensing data can be useful to predict impending
      famine problems and forest infestations in time to allow remedial
      action;
        (2) remote sensing data can inform the agricultural community
      as to the condition of crops and the land that sustains those
      crops; and
        (3) remote sensing data and other data can be valuable, when
      received on a timely basis, in determining the need for
      additional plantings of a particular crop or a substitute crop.
    (b) Information development
      The Secretary of Agriculture and the Administrator of the
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration, maximizing private
    funding and involvement, shall provide farmers and other interested
    persons with timely information, through remote sensing, on crop
    conditions, fertilization and irrigation needs, pest infiltration,
    soil conditions, projected food, feed, and fiber production, and
    any other information available through remote sensing.
    (c) Coordination
      The Secretary of Agriculture and the Administrator of the
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall jointly develop
    a proposal to provide farmers and other prospective users with
    supply and demand information for food and fibers.
    (d) Sunset
      The authorities provided by this section shall expire 5 years
    after April 4, 1996.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, Sec. 892, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat.
    1183.)

-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      Section was enacted as part of the Federal Agriculture
    Improvement and Reform Act of 1996, and not as part of subtitle H
    of title XVI of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
    of 1990 which comprises this subchapter.

-MISC1-
          REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT      
      Pub. L. 106-391, title III, Sec. 316, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat.
    1596, provided that:
      "(a) Information Development. - The Administrator [of the
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration] shall - 
        "(1) consult with the Secretary of Agriculture to determine
      data product types that are of use to farmers which can be
      remotely sensed from air or space;
        "(2) consider useful commercial data products related to
      agriculture as identified by the focused research program between
      the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Stennis Space
      Center and the Department of Agriculture; and
        "(3) examine other data sources, including commercial sources,
      LightSAR, RADARSAT I, and RADARSAT II, which can provide domestic
      and international agricultural information relating to crop
      conditions, fertilization and irrigation needs, pest
      infiltration, soil conditions, projected food, feed, and fiber
      production, and other related subjects.
      "(b) Plan. - After performing the activities described in
    subsection (a) the Administrator shall, in consultation with the
    Secretary of Agriculture, develop a plan to inform farmers and
    other prospective users about the use and availability of remote
    sensing products that may assist with agricultural and forestry
    applications identified in subsection (a). The Administrator shall
    transmit such plan to the Congress not later than 180 days after
    the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 30, 2000].
      "(c) Implementation. - Not later than 90 days after the plan has
    been transmitted under subsection (b), the Administrator shall
    implement the plan."

-End-