SEPTEMBER, 1893. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. 253
and voluntary observere of the Weather Bureau, is shown on
Chart VI.
Monthly snowfall of 1 inch, or more, was reported as fol-
lows, and in states and territories where the maximum depth
was below that amount the station reporting the greatest is given :
Colorado.-Rico, 20.1 ; Bunny-
side, 7.5; Lavender, 5.5; Pagoda (near) and Ward District,
4 ; Montrose, 3.5 ; Steamboat Spring and Climax, 3 ; Breck-
enridge, 2. Idaho.-Bonanza City, 5 ; American Falls, 4 ;
Lake, 3; Idaho Falls and Martin, 1. Michigan.-Boon and
Marquette,.trace. Minnesota.-Saint Vincent, 1. Montana.-
Virginia City, 13; Helena, 2.1; Elk Park, 1.3. Nemdu.-
Stofiel, 3.5 ; Belmont, 3.4. New Merico.-Chania, 1.5. Ntw York.-Binghamton and Lebanon Springs, trace. North Dn-
kota. - Woodbridge, 2. Penneylranici. - Girardville, trace.
Rhode Idad-Lonsdale, trace.
. The first snow of the season was reported as follows : Zd,
Rico, Colo. 6th, Belniont, Nev. 7th, on niountains near
Susanville, Cal. ; Downeyville, Nev. Sth, on mountains near
Monitors Ranch, Nev. 1 lth, Virginia City, Nev. 12th, Mar- tin, Idaho; Elk Park, Mont. 17th, Havre (near), Helena,
and Fort Logan, Mont. ; on hills near Spokane, Wash. 20tJ1,
Bonanza City and Lake, Idaho; Havre and Horr, Mont.;
Stofiel, Nev. 21st, Hogan, Mont. 23d, Dickinson, Larimore,
and Woodbridge, N. Dak. 24th, Leech Lake, Moorhead, Poke-
gama Falls, Rock Rapids, and Saint Vincent, Minn.; Miles
City, Mont. ; Bismarck, Churchs Ferry, Dunseith, Gallatin,
Joslyn, Minto, Saint John, and Wild Rice, N. Dak.
25th, Marquette, Mich. 27th, Boon, Mich. 29th, Glen-
wood Springs and Pagoda (near), Colo. ; American Falls,
Idaho ; Virginia City, Mont. ; Tuscarora, Nev. : Binghumton
and Lebanon Springs, N. Y. ; Girardville, Pa. ; Lonsdale, R. I. 30th, Breckenridge, Climax, Como, Gold Hill, Greeley, Ltiven-
der. Montrose, Moraine, Smoky Hill Mine, Steamboat Spring,
Sunnyside, Table Rock, and Ward District, Colo. ; on hills near New Hartford, Conn. ; Idaho Falls, Idaho ; Boulder,
Mont. ; Belleville, Ely, and Monitors Ranch, Nev. : Chania
California.-Summit, 8.6.
Utah .-Koosharem, 1.2.
and Monero, N. Mex. ; Koosharem, Salt Lake Citg, and This-
tle, Utah ; Lander, Wyo.
DEPTH OF SNOW ON THE QROUND AT THE CLOSE OF MONTH.
At the close of the month the snow on the ground measured
5.5 at Lavender, Colo. ; 4 a t Pagoda (near), Colo. ; 3 a t Steam-
boat Spring and Sunnyside, Colo. ; 1.2 a t Pikes Peak, Colo. ;
1 at Montrose, Colo. ; 0.5 a t Soldiers Summit, Nev. ; and trace
at Glenwood Springs, Colo.
HAIL.
Description of the niore severe hailstorms reported for the month is given under  Local storms.
Hail was reported as follows: lst, Arizona. 2d, Nevada. 3d, Arkansas, California, and New Mexico. 4th, Nevada.
5th. Arkansas, California, Nevada, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas,
and Vermont. 6th, Nevada, Oregon, and Wisconsin. 7th,
Connecticut, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Hampshire, New
Jeraey, New York, and Pennsylvania. Sth, Minnesota, Mis-
souri, New York, Oregon, and Washington. 9th, Arizona. loth, Illinois, North Carolina, and North Dakota. llth,
Nevada and Washington. 13th, Alabama, Indian Territory, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, and North Dakota. 14th. Miiinesotu and North Dakota.
15th, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West
Virginia, and Wisconsin. 16th, Maryland and New York.
17th, New York. lSth, Minnesota, New York, and Wiscon- sin. 19th, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Washington. 2Oth,
Maine, South Dakota, and Washington. 21st, Iowa, Nebraska, Washington, and Wisconsin. 22d, Kansas. f3d, Michigan
84th, Michigan and Texas. 35tli, Delaware, Maryland, Mich-
igan, and Virginia. 26th, Colorado, Connecticut, Nebraska,
Ohio, and Texas. 37th, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and
Ohio. 28th, Arizona. 39th, Connecticut, Massachusetts,
Nevada, New York, and Oregon. 30th, Arkansas and Nevada.
Sleet was reported as follows: lst, Utah; 13th, Nevada;
2 1 ~4 Montana ; 26tli, Texas ; 27th, Michigan ; 29th, New York
and Utah ; 30th, Colorado.
SLEET.
WINDS.
The prevailing winds in September 1893, namely, those
that were recorded the most frequently, are shown on Chart
I1 by arrows flying with the wind. Southeast to southwest
winds have prevailed in the middle and south Atlantic states,
the Southwest, the Mississippi and lower Missouri valleys.
Northerly winds have prevailed from Manitoba to Alberta,
and southward over Montana and Dakota. SouthH-esterly
winds have prevailed in southern California. Variable wi-ids
in the lower lake region.
HIQH WINDS.
(In miles per hour. 1
Wind velocities of 50 miles, or niore, per hour were reported
at regular stations of the Weather Bureau as follows :
7th, 64, se., a t Fort Canby, Wash.; 58, s., at Woods Holl,
Mass.; 60, nw., a t Havre, Mont. 8th, 60, se., a t Fort Canby,
Wash. llth, 59, aw., a t Keeler, Cal. 15th, 52, sw., a t Green
Bay, Wis. 20th, 84, xv., a t Pikes Peak, Colo. 21st, 61, s., at Marquette, Mich. 23d, 56, se., at Chicago, Ill. 39th, 60, se.,
a t Chicago, Ill. 30th, 56, se., a t Chicago, Ill.
(76th maridian time is mud at regular Weather Btirmu st0tians.)
LOCAL STORMS.
Bd.-During a heavy thunderstorm a t . Belmont, Nev., 2
horses were killed and one person was badly injured. Heavy rain fell in San Bernardino and Riverside counties, Cal., in
the early morning. A t Riverside the storm was accompanied by thunder, lightning, and heavy hail ; a house was struck
by lightning and inmates st111ined; oi!e of the irrigating canals broke, causing damage by flood.
6th.-A thiindershrni passed north of Tiffin, Ohio, in the
evening; a harn was struck by lightning and burned.
6th.-A severe windstorm was reported at Oakley, Idaho. During a heavy thunderstorm near Monitors Ranch, Nev., 2
horses were killed by lightning. Sonoma, Cal., was visited by a heavy thunder and rain storm in the morning.
7th.-Heavy thunderstorms prevailed over New England
and the middle Atlantic states, and destructive local storms
prevailed over Routheastern Louisiana. A t Boston, Mass., the wind reached a maximum velocity of 44 miles per hour
at 8 p. m. Only slight damage was done in Boston, but in.
the surrounding towns the storm was very severe and great
damage was done. At Providence, R. I., the wind squall
lasted but 10 minutes, but more damage was done than by
any of the severe storms of August.
At Rockland, Me., the storm was very heavy, and much
damage was done by lightning. At 3 p. m.. a severe storm broke over Friendship, N. Y. ; the clouds had a rapid whirl-
ing motion and moved southwest. A t 3.15 p. m. rain and hail
fell in torrents ; the hailstones were the size of hickory nuts
and lasted 20 minutes ; much damage was done to crops. A t Port Jervis, N. Y., the storm began a t 5.39 p. m.; a funnel-
254 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. SEPTEMBER, 1893.
11th.-Heavy rains occurred in parts of North Carolina
from the 11th to 13th. Streanis overflowed and corn on low-
lands was damaged. During B thunderstorm in the northern
part of Carroll County, Ky., a barn was struck by lightning.
At Cairo, Ill., a thunderstorm occurred in the afternoon ;
damage was caused to electric wires. Daring a thunderstorin
at Red Blue, Cal., damage was done to grain.
18th.-A severe thunderstorm, with heavy rain, damaged
cotton and corn about Hollands Store, S. C. A heavy hail-
shaped cloud was observed. Several pereons were injured I was done. The greatest damage occurred a t Rossville, a
and damage was done to property to the extant of $2O,OOO. suburb of Binghaniton, where 4 houses and a number of
A t Gansevoort, N. Y., aman was killed by lightning. I n ! barns were destroyed. A fierce gale swept over the Great
the Chemung Valley, in southern New York, the storm was I Lakes on the 15-16th; a number of vessels were wrecked. attended by heavy hail, and the loss to crops is estimated a t ' At Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., the wind attained a maximum $250.000. A violent thunder and rain storm visited the
thunderstorni began at 7 p. m. ; a house was struck by light-
ning.
B5thD-Damage was caused by heavy hail and wind storms
in eastern Virginia. A report from Detroit, Mich., states
that during a gale on Lake Erie a schooner was driven ashore on Kellys Island and badly damaged. During a heavy thun- derstorm at Benton, Mo., a barn was struck by lightning.
Br-B8th.-Thnnderstorms and heavy rain prevailed in south-central Arizona and New Mexico.
vicinity of Somerville, N. J. ; many trees were uprooted and
a number of barns were struck by lightning. Probably the
most severe storm that ever visited Bradford 'County, Pa.,
swept over that portion of the state in the afternoon, Two
persons were killed and a'number injured ; many buildinge
and nearly all the timber in the &orm's path were destroyed,
and crops were damaged by tho heavy hail.
The violent storms in southeastern Louisiaiia were attended
bv heavv rain which beaan on the 6th and continued until the
velocity of 40 niiles per hour on the 16th. A t 6.30 a.m., 16th, the Saint Marys River rose higher than ever before, and covered
the flood-gate of the canal. A t Alpena, Micli., the gale began
at 9.15 a. ni. and eiided a t 7.10 p. ni., 16th, the wind reaching
a niaxiniuni velocity of 38 miles per hour; A t Middle Island, Lake Huron, a velocity of 55 miles was recorded.
18th. - Heavy thunderstorms prevailed in .Minnesota.
Five miles southeast of Saint Pan1 2 men were killed by
liah tning. - 20tl~.-During a heavy thunderstorm at Mason City, Iowa,
86. A: Lockport, La: a destructive storm, with a funnel- in the afternoon, a man was killed by lightning. A very shaped cloud and other characteristice of a tornado, moved I heavy rainstorm occurred a t Fort Stanton, N. &lex., in the
from southeast to northwest a t 9.30 a. m.. 7th. A heavy roar was ' afternoon.
heard. the clouds had a whirline: motion. and heavv rain fell 21stD- Severe pales reva ailed over Lakes Huron and
after ihe storm. Five persons"were killed, 17 iniured, and
property was destroyed to the estimated value of $40,000. At Mobile, Ala., a heavy rainstorm prevailed froni the niorn-
ing of the 7th to 6.50 a. ni.. 8th. The wind attained a maxi-
mum velocity of 36 niiles per hour; daniage was done by
heavy rain. A t Pensacola, Fla., rain and easterly gales pre-
vailed during the day.
At
Stanardsville rain began the morning of the 9th and con- tinued for nearly six days. The storm was not so heavy at
this place, but 20 miles north, along the Blue Ridge Moun-
tains, the rainfall was exceptionally heavy; 3 children and some etock were drowned, and houses and crops damaged. A
severe windstorm passed through Bullock County, Ga., in the
morning : considerable damage was done to property. A
Sth.-Heavy rains prevailed in parts of Virginia.
Michigan, and hea;y thuAder and windstorms in the upper
TvIississippi valley. A t Marquette, Mich., a severe gale began a t 6 a. m., the wind attained a maxiniuin velocity of til miles
per hour a t 9.50 a. ni., the highest wind velocity on record a t
this station. A heavy thunder and rain storm occurred at
Chicago, Ill., in the evening. A t the Columbian Exposition
Grounds the wind attained an extreme velocity of 60 miles,
and much damage was done. A severe local storni visited
Madison, Wis., in the evening. A thunderstorm prevailed a t
Dubuyue, Iowa, in the evening. A t Lattners, about 12 niiles
west of Dubuclue, the path of the storm was nearly 8 niiles
long and one-half mile wide. A number of persons were in-
jured. A heavy storni unroofed buildings at Pauline, Kana.
22d.-A severe storm, moving east, paesed one mile south
of Independence, Kana., injuring one person and destroying
FLOODS.
On the 2d the Savannah River continued to rise all day, reaching the height of 24.6 feet. Crops in the lowlands were
badly injured. From the 9th to the 18th disastrous rains,
the heaviest known in that. section in 70 years, were reported
in Greene County, Virginia. The loss in crops, houses, fences,
and stock was estimated to he $20,000. The drowning of
three children was also reported. From the 11th to t.he 13th
heavy rains in North Carolina caused streanis to overflow.
Many acres of corn in the lowlands, especially along the
Roanoke and Catawba rivers, were damaged. On the 13th the French Broad River reached the height af 8 feet, the
highest ever known a t this season of the year. At Holbrook,
Ariz., from the 28th to the 30th, the Little Colorado River
overflowed its banks, and railroads were washed out.
CLOSING OF NAVIGATION.
On the 27th a t Chattanooga, Tenn., navigation for large
boats was closed on the Tennessee River. A t Shreveport, on