BEE-spoke-data/govdocs1-by-extension huggingface dataset:
FDELCOL (Mar97)               ftools.futils              FDELCOL (Mar97)

NAME
    fdelcol -- Delete a specified column in a FITS table
    
    
USAGE
    fdelcol infile[ext#] colname confirm proceed
    
    
DESCRIPTION
    This task deletes a column in a  FITS table.  Since the  input  FITS
    file  is  modified by this utility, the user is given an opportunity
    to confirm before deleting the column.
    
    
PARAMETERS
    
    infile [file name]
        The file name and number or name of  the  extension   containing
        the  specified  column  to  be  deleted. The extension number or
        name has to be specified explicitly.
    
    colname [string]
        Name of the column to be deleted.
    
    (confirm = yes) [boolean]
        If set to YES, the following information (keyword values)  about
        the  extension  containing the specified column will be printed;
        EXTENSION, EXTNAME and Column Name.
    
    proceed = yes [boolean]
        At this point the user may  proceed or quit   without  modifying
        the  input  FITS file.  If the 'PROCEED' parameter is set to NO,
        then the program exits without modifying the input file.
        
        If 'CONFIRM' is set to NO and  'PROCEED'  is  set  to  YES,  the
        utility   simply   deletes  the  column  without  any  warnings. 
        (suitable for a script)
        
        
EXAMPLES
    1.  Delete the column COL1 in  the  second  extension  of  the  file
    test.fits,     without querying for confirmation.
    
            ft> fdelcol test.fits+2 COL1 N Y
    
    
    
BUGS
      For  the  safety,  the  user  has to specify the extension name or
    number   explicitly in input file name. If the user  does  not  give
    an  extension    number  or name, the program will generate an error
    message and   exit.
    
    
SEE ALSO
    fv, the interactive FITS file editor, can also  be  used  to  delete
    columns from a FITS table.
From: tor-3925@planetinternet.be
Sent: Friday, February 09, 2001 4:02 PM
To: fdadockets@oc.fda.gov
Subject: What's in your food? (FDA Dockets 00N-1396 and 00D-1598)


Dear Corporate and Government Leaders,

Genetically engineered food ingredients or crops should not be allowed on the market until: 

1) Independent safety testing demonstrates they have no harmful effects on human health or the environment, 

2) They are labeled to ensure the consumer's right-to-know, and 

3) The biotechnology corporations that manufacture them are held responsible for any harm.

As a european citizen, I feel deeply concered, because of the US importations to europe.


Sincerely

marianne  duckerts
deiffelt 39
6670 gouvy belgium,
References
[1] G. F. Cooper (1988). Probabilistic inference using belief
   networks is np-hard. Technical Report KSL-87-27,
   Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
[2] W. B. Croft (1987). Approaches to intelligent infor-
   mation retrievaL Infonnation Processing & Manage-
   ment, 23(4):95-1 10.
[3] C. Date (1990). An Introduction to Database Systems,
   Vol.1, Addison Wesley.
[4] 3. Driscoll, L Lautenschlager and M. zhao (1993). The
   QA system, Proc. of the First TextRetrieval Conference
   (TREC-1), NIST Special Publication 500-207 (1). K.
   Harman, editor).
[5] E. k Fox (1983) Characteriitation of two new exper-
   imental collections in computer and information science
   containing textual   and bibliographic concepts.
   Technicat Report 83-561, Department of Computer
   Science, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY
[6] L N. Kanal and 3. F. Lemmer Eds (1986). Uncertainty
   in Artificial Intelligence, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
[7] J. F. Lemmer and L N. Kanal Eds (1988). Uncertainty
   in Artificial Jntelligence 2, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
[8] E. L Liddy and S.H. Myaeng (1993). DR-Link, Proc.
   of the First Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-1), NIST
   Special Publication 500-207(1). K. Harman, editor).
[9] R. E. Neapolitan (1990). Probabilistic Reasoning in
   Expert System, Theory and Algorithms, A Wiley-
   Interscience Publication, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[10] J. Pearl (1988). Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent
   Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference. San Mateo,
   CA: Morgan Kaufmann.
[11] Y. Peng andj. A. Reggia (1989). Aconnectionist model
   for diagnostic problem solving. IEEE Transactions on
   Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 19(2):285-298.
(12] K. Sparck Jones and R. Bates (1977). Research on
   Automatic Indexing 1974-1976, Technical Report,
   Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge.
[13] M. Tagamets, J. Wald, M. Farach and J. A. Reggia
   (1989). Generating plausible diagnostic hypothesis with
   self-proccssin~ causal networks. Journal of ~er-
   imental Theories in Artif~cial Intelligence, 2:91-112.
[14] Roget's International Thesaurus (1977). Harper &
   Row, New York, Fourth Edition.
[15] H. Turtle and W. B. Croft (1991). Evaluation of an
   inference network-based retrieval model. ACM Trans-
   action on Information Systems, 9(3):187-222.
(16] P. Van Learti and E. Arts (1987). SimulatedAnnealing:
   Theory andApplications. Boston: D. ReideL
                                               302
[17] D. Voss and J. Driscoll (1992). Text Retrieval Using a
   Comprehensive Semantic Lexicon, Proceedings of
   ISMM First International Conference on Information
   and Rnowledge Management, Baltimore, Maryland.
[18] P. Wang, J. Reggia, D. Nao and Y. Peng (1985). A
   formal model for diagnostic inference. Information
   Sciences, 37:227-285.
[19] E. Wendlandt and J. Driscoll(1991). Incorporating a
   Semantic Analysis into a Document Retrieval Strategy,
   Proceedings of the Fourieenth Annual International
   ACMISIGIR Conference on Research andDevelopment
   in Information Retrieval, Chicago, Illinois, 270-279.
ZCZC NFDSPENES ALL
SPENES
LAZ000-ARZ000-TXZ000-OKZ000-
.
SATELLITE PRECIPITATION ESTIMATES..DATE/TIME 05/14/08 0645Z
SATELLITE ANALYSIS BRANCH/NESDIS---NPPU---TEL.301-763-8678
LATEST DATA USED: GOES-EAST:0632Z  JS
.
LOCATION...N LOUISIANA/SW TO S CENT ARKANSAS/E CENT TO NE TEXAS
.
ATTN WFOS...LZK...SHV...HGX...FWD...
ATTN RFCS...LMRFC...ABRFC...WGRFC...
.
EVENT...MCS NOW MOVING MORE TO THE ENE OR NE OVER E CENT TX IS POISED TO
MERGE WITH CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY DEVELOPING OUT AHEAD FROM NE TX INTO SW AR.
.
SATELLITE ANALYSIS AND TRENDS...THE THOUGHT RIGHT NOW IS SIMILAR TO
EARLIER SPENES MESSAGE AS IR LOOP THROUGH 0632Z SHOWS MCS OVER E CENT
TX BEGINNING TO MERGE WITH INCREASING LINE OF CELLS OUT AHEAD EXTENDING
ALL THE WAY INTO SW AR. AS MCV CIRCULATION SEEN ON RADAR COMPOSITE LOOP
MOVES ENE OR NE DURING THE NEXT COUPLE OF HOURS EXPECT MERGING CELLS
AND POSSIBLE FURTHER INTENSIFICATION OF RAIN RATES AS COMPLEX GROWS
AND SPREADS FROM NE TX INTO SW AND S CENT AR. GIVEN THE RECENT TRENDS
AND EXPECTED TRACK BELIEVE AT LEAST SOME ACTIVITY WILL ALSO ENTER NW LA
WHICH CERTAINLY NEEDS TO BE MONITORED CLOSELY AFTER THE DELUGE EARLIER
THIS EVENING. CURRENT AUTOMATED SATELLITE ESTIMATED TOTALS FOR THE PAST
COUPLE OF HOURS OR SO ARE INDICATING GENERALLY 1-2" ALONG PATH OF MCS
MOVING ACROSS E CENT TX ALTHOUGH EXPECT LOCALIZED HIGHER TOTALS THAN THAT
AS SOME OF THE CELLS JUST AHEAD OF THE MCS WERE COVERED BY CIRRUS ANVIL
LIMITING THE SATELLITE'S ABILITY TO PICK UP ON THEM. AUTOMATED ESTIMATES
WERE OVER 2" FARTHER TO THE NE ESPECIALLY AROUND FRANKLIN/TITUS/MORRIS
COUNTIES. AS MERGER OCCURS BETWEEN MCV AND THIS LINE EXTENDING INTO SW
AR IN HIGHLY MOIST ENVIRONMENT BELIEVE TOTALS COULD EASILY BE IN THE
2-3" RANGE IN A 1-2 HOUR PERIOD WITH LOCALIZED HIGHER AMOUNTS BETWEEN
3-4". SEE ANNOTATED SATELLITE GRAPHIC ON THE INTERNET ADDRESS BELOW IN
APPROXIMATELY 10 MINUTES.
.
SEE NCEP HPC DISCUSSION AND QPF/S FOR FORECAST.
....NESDIS IS A MEMBER OF 12 PLANET....
.
SSD/SAB WEB ADDRESS FOR PRECIP ESTIMATES:
HTTP://WWW.SSD.NOAA.GOV/PS/PCPN/
...ALL LOWER CASE EXCEPT /PS/PCPN/
.
LAT...LON 3495 9318 3334 9222 3084 9662 3221 9735
.
NNNN
QUESTION: 
You mentioned that aboard the Polar Duke, "eating is 
not on the to-do list." I am curious about what things 
are on the "to-do list."
            
        Marissa R., 8th Grader, Juan Morel Campos Intermediate
            71, Brooklyn, NY

ANSWER from SCOTT ENLOW, Videographer, Palmer Station, Antarctica
            Thu, 30 Jan 1997 

I would say that eating is not on the "to-do" list mainly because
the pitching and swells of the Drake Passage are so intense that 
few venture out of their bunks for meals in the galley.  Sea sickness 
is bad enough without a stomach full of food to add to the discomfort.  
I found that watching a movie in the lounge helped, whether it just 
took my mind off of my stomach or if there was something about a 
stable chair and TV with no visible tilt to the horizon through 
port holes that did it, but for some reason it worked.
DATATYPE = INSTRUMENTER INPUT TO THE SOHO SUMMARY DATA
FILENAME = CDS20031213001.CIF
INSTRUME = CDS
ORIG_ID  = master@cdso9.nascom.nasa.gov
OBSERVER = CDS Staff
DATE_CRE = 2003/12/14 12:16:38
STARTIME = 2003/12/13 00:00:00
ENDTIME  = 2003/12/14 00:00:00
END

MAIN
	PROG_NUM = 29188
	PROG_ID  = 0
	OBS_PROG = STRE4W
	SCI_OBJ  = Temp/Density structure of the Quiet Corona
	SCI_SPEC = STRE4W/v88
	CMP_NO   = 6850
	OBJECT   = QS
	OBJ_ID   = 10517
	DATE_OBS = 2003-12-12T17:13:33.054
	DATE_END = 2003-12-13T00:04:20.898
	XCEN     = 1062.35
	YCEN     = -328.8
	ANGLE    = 0
	IXWIDTH  = 464.7
	IYWIDTH  = 523.6
	SEQ_FROM = 176339
	SEQ_TO   = 176443
	COMMENTS = N
	DATE_MOD = 2003-12-13T00:06:57.317

MAIN
	PROG_NUM = 29189
	PROG_ID  = 0
	OBS_PROG = SYNOP_F
	SCI_OBJ  = Synoptic Meridian Images
	SCI_SPEC = SYNOP_F/v4
	CMP_NO   = 1
	OBJECT   = SYN
	OBJ_ID   = 
	DATE_OBS = 2003-12-13T04:02:44.145
	DATE_END = 2003-12-13T06:53:37.063
	XCEN     = -1.4
	YCEN     = -552.35
	ANGLE    = 0
	IXWIDTH  = 245
	IYWIDTH  = 899.3
	SEQ_FROM = 176444
	SEQ_TO   = 176447
	COMMENTS = N
	DATE_MOD = 2003-12-13T06:55:07.870

MAIN
	PROG_NUM = 29190
	PROG_ID  = 0
	OBS_PROG = GENE
	SCI_OBJ  = UCLAN Loop Variability
	SCI_SPEC = GENE/v100
	CMP_NO   = 7015
	OBJECT   = AR
	OBJ_ID   = 10520
	DATE_OBS = 2003-12-13T07:16:46.879
	DATE_END = 2003-12-13T07:44:10.212
	XCEN     = -700.3
	YCEN     = 65.8
	ANGLE    = 0
	IXWIDTH  = 243.8
	IYWIDTH  = 240.2
	SEQ_FROM = 176448
	SEQ_TO   = 176448
	COMMENTS = N
	DATE_MOD = 2003-12-13T07:46:35.341

MAIN
	PROG_NUM = 29191
	PROG_ID  = 0
	OBS_PROG = LOOP2D_5
	SCI_OBJ  = UCLAN Loop Variability
	SCI_SPEC = LOOP2D_5/v4
	CMP_NO   = 7015
	OBJECT   = AR
	OBJ_ID   = 10520
	DATE_OBS = 2003-12-13T07:44:21.496
	DATE_END = 2003-12-13T10:11:30.369
	XCEN     = -700.3
	YCEN     = 64.9
	ANGLE    = 0
	IXWIDTH  = 20.3
	IYWIDTH  = 121
	SEQ_FROM = 176449
	SEQ_TO   = 176546
	COMMENTS = N
	DATE_MOD = 2003-12-13T11:08:55.633

MAIN
	PROG_NUM = 29192
	PROG_ID  = 0
	OBS_PROG = EE_SEEK
	SCI_OBJ  = Explosive Event Monitor
	SCI_SPEC = EE_SEEK/v55
	CMP_NO   = 0
	OBJECT   = QS
	OBJ_ID   = 
	DATE_OBS = 2003-12-13T10:30:47.420
	DATE_END = 2003-12-13T18:33:21.984
	XCEN     = -95.05
	YCEN     = 740.85
	ANGLE    = 0
	IXWIDTH  = 243.9
	IYWIDTH  = 240.3
	SEQ_FROM = 176547
	SEQ_TO   = 176591
	COMMENTS = N
	DATE_MOD = 2003-12-13T18:34:35.146

MAIN
	PROG_NUM = 29193
	PROG_ID  = 0
	OBS_PROG = STRE4W
	SCI_OBJ  = Off-Limb coronal Study (North)
	SCI_SPEC = STRE4W/v88
	CMP_NO   = 0
	OBJECT   = QS
	OBJ_ID   = 
	DATE_OBS = 2003-12-13T20:37:00.606
	DATE_END = 2003-12-14T00:01:53.036
	XCEN     = -55.1
	YCEN     = 956.3
	ANGLE    = 0
	IXWIDTH  = 354
	IYWIDTH  = 401.6
	SEQ_FROM = 176592
	SEQ_TO   = 176593
	COMMENTS = N
	DATE_MOD = 2003-12-14T00:04:27.849
QUESTION: 
How do penguins know when to migrate?

         Third Graders at Burch Elementary School
         Tyrone, Georgia


ANSWER from Bill Fraser, Ecologist, Palmer Station, Antarctica
            Wed, 5 Feb 1997 12:27:03 -0500

    Migration time is moving right up on the penguins in the area
    and more than likely it is stimulated by a couple of things.
    One is the amount of light available, which is decreasing each
    day, and which may trigger hormonal responses telling the
    penguins to start "thinking" about moving on.  The other
    factor probably has to do with depleted energy stores.  The
    breeding penguins have been feeding 1 or 2 voracious chicks 
    a krill meal every day, and have as a result lost some of
    their own body mass.  This can be dangerous to a penguin
    facing winter, so they likely use a certain minimum body
    weight as a cue to leave the colonies and go to sea and 
    stock up for the winter.

    Bill
GSCT-2 Summary for Test Day 12 (June 13)
-  FOT testing began at 04:04 (local), and completed at 15:00.
-  FOT testing on day 12 inculded a condensed version of the nominal
8-hour pass, the roll steering law update, regression testing of the warm
start-up procedures, and the SSR test.
-  Wednesdays test duration has been officially lengthened to 13 hours,
and is scheduled to complete at 15:00.   The FOT will give a
preliminary debrief after the conclusion of the test in the EOF.  The
time for this debrief is 90 minutes after the completion of FOT testing
on Wednesday afternoon.
-  The tentative schedule for June 14 is listed below.
Test Day 13 (June 14)
-  AOCS - ESR test
-  IIDE tests (must be initiated by 14:00 or will not be executed)
Glickman Announces $91 Million Conservation Program in Virginia
                                                                
                                            Release No.  0075.00
                                                                
                                                                
                                      Dann Stuart (202) 690-0474
                                     Dan_Stuart@wdc.fsa.usda.gov

GLICKMAN ANNOUNCES $91 MILLION CONSERVATION PROGRAM IN VIRGINIA

     WASHINGTON, March 8, 2000   Agriculture Secretary Dan Glickman today
announced that U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Commonwealth of Virginia
will launch a $91 million program to restore up to 35,000 acres of
environmentally sensitive land along the Chesapeake Bay and many of Virginia's
streams and rivers. 

     "The Chesapeake Bay is a unique and valuable natural resource," said
Glickman.  "Thousands of people make their living from it, and many more use
it for recreation.  However, in recent years, the bay's fish and wildlife have
been damaged by contaminants.  This joint effort will mean cleaner water,
improved habitat for threatened and endangered species, and eventually better
yields from the bay's fisheries."

     The Virginia Chesapeake Bay Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program
(CREP) will target 25,000 acres in the bay watershed, and the Virginia
Southern Rivers CREP will improve 10,000 acres in non-bay drainage basins. The
programs were developed to help protect the Chesapeake Bay and other coastal
estuaries from the effects of excessive nutrients and sediments resulting from
agricultural runoff.  

     The total cost of the program is expected to reach $91 million over 15
years.  Of that amount, $68 million will come from the federal government and
$23 million from Virginia.  Virginia will also spend up to $3.75 million to
buy 8,000 acres of voluntary permanent conservation easements   6,000 acres in
the bay project and 2,000 acres in the Southern Rivers project.

     The projects seek to reduce nitrogen contaminants in streams and rivers
by more than 600,000 pounds per year, phosphorus by over 90,000 tons, and
sediment by over 50,000 tons per year.  Other objectives are restoring
wetlands and providing wildlife habitat for species associated with riparian
and wetland areas, especially threatened and endangered species such as the
Peregrine falcon and the Virginia big eared bat, as well as many threatened
and endangered aquatic invertebrates and mollusks.
 
     CREP uses state and federal resources to help solve environmental
problems.  The CREP combines an existing USDA program, the Conservation
Reserve Program, with state programs to provide a framework for partnerships
to meet specific state and national environmental objectives.  The program
provides for voluntary agreements with farmers to convert cropland to native
grasses, trees, and other vegetation, in return for rental payments and other
incentives. 

                                 #
Request_97394({
         'requestId' : 97394L,
       'requestType' : 'simulation',
     'requestStatus' : 'new',
           'archive' : SamBoolean('FALSE'),
          'comments' : 'p20 csmc alpgen+pythia w+1lp->lnu+1lp excl',
             'group' : 'dzero',
    'numberOfEvents' : 200000L,
          'priority' : 5L,
     'statusHistory' : RequestStatusHistory([RequestStatusHistoryEntry({
           'byWhom' : UserIdentifier(userName='ralf'),
             'date' : SamTime(1233070371.0),
    'requestStatus' : 'new',
    })]),
    'userIdentifier' : UserIdentifier(userName='ralf'),
            'params' : Params({
           'global' : CaseInsensitiveDictionary({
           'datatier' : 'reconstructed',
        'description' : 'p20 CSMC Alpgen+Pythia W+1lp->lnu+1lp excl',
          'groupname' : 'dzero',
              'phase' : 'mcp20',
    'producedforname' : 'ralf',
          'requestid' : '97394',
            'runtype' : 'Monte Carlo',
             'stream' : 'notstreamed',
    }),
        'digitized' : CaseInsensitiveDictionary({
    'calorimeternoise' : 'off',
           'd0release' : 'p20.09.03',
    'frameworkrcpname' : 'runD0Sim_noCalNoise_run2b.rcp',
        'mergeminbias' : 'on',
        'minbidataset' : 'zerob_p20_09_03_RunIIbMC_online_0sup_only_sample_sept06_shutdown2007_warmcellfix',
            'minbiopt' : 'Fixed',
            'numminbi' : '1.0',
    }),
             'fome' : CaseInsensitiveDictionary({
       'fscal-opt' : '1',
        'in-ex-cl' : 'exclusive',
     'matching_dr' : 0.40000000596046448,
    'matching_opt' : '1',
     'matching_pt' : 8.0,
     'pt-min-lep1' : 0.0,
       'pt_min_lf' : 8.0,
      'y-max-lep1' : 10.0,
        'y_max_lf' : 5.0,
    }),
        'generated' : CaseInsensitiveDictionary({
        'cardfiledir' : 'dzero',
    'cardfileversion' : 'v01-01-26',
    'collisionenergy' : '1960.0',
          'd0release' : 'p20.09.03',
              'decay' : 'lnu+1lp_n.unw',
          'generator' : 'alpgenpythia',
         'pdflibfunc' : 'LHPDFCTEQ6L1',
         'production' : 'w+1lp',
          'useevtgen' : 'on',
    }),
    'reconstructed' : CaseInsensitiveDictionary({
           'appfamily' : 'reconstruction',
             'appname' : 'd0reco',
          'appversion' : 'p20.09.03',
           'd0release' : 'p20.09.03',
    'frameworkrcpname' : 'runD0reco_mc.rcp',
    }),
        'simulated' : CaseInsensitiveDictionary({
                'd0release' : 'p20.09.03',
                 'geometry' : 'plate-run2b',
    'keepparticlecalenergy' : 'off',
    }),
    }),
    })
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Date: Wed, 21 Jan 2004 16:04:28 -0600
From: Weiren Chou <chou@fnal.gov>
Subject: Re: Proton Driver info on the web
To: mbruce@fnal.gov
Cc: mishra@fnal.gov
Message-id: <400EF76C.1050808@fnal.gov>
Organization: Fermilab
MIME-version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Accept-Language: en-us, en
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.3)
 Gecko/20030312

Hi Margie,

The proton driver web site address is:
> http://www-bd.fnal.gov/pdriver/

There are many links on this page. The three links that you will find 
particularly useful to you are:

1. Proton Driver Study I (PD1) report: > 
http://www-bd.fnal.gov/pdriver/reports.html

2. Prootn Driver Study II (PD2)report:
> http://www-bd.fnal.gov/pdriver/8GEV/

3. Proton Driver physics study:
> http://projects.fnal.gov/protondriver/

Peace,
Weiren


> From:	SMTP%"mbruce@fnal.gov"  "Margie Bruce" 21-JAN-2004 15:31:58.65
> To:	chou@fnal.gov
> CC:	mishra@fnal.gov
> Subj:	Proton Driver info on the web
> 
> Hi Weiren,
> 
> Bob tells me you have proton driver information out on the web 
> somewhere.  Can you tell me where it is?  I'm contructing a TD proton 
> driver page and I wanted to "check out" what you have out there.
> 
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> Margie
<window wordwrap="true" duration="00:02:02.869" type="Generic" height="240" width="160" bgcolor="white" underline_hyperlinks="true" link="red" extraSpaces="ignore">
<time begin="00:00:00.0"/><clear/>
   <font face="Arial" size="3" color="black">
      <b>
         <center>The Dry Sieving Method</center>
      </b>
    </font>
<time begin="00:00:00.145"/>
&nbsp;<br>
<font face="Arial" size="2" color="black">The most common and widely accepted method of separating sand- and 
gravel-sized material into classes is by the use of wire-mesh sieves.<br>
<time begin="00:00:11.05"/><clear/>
&nbsp;<br>
First, a bank of sieves is assembled consisting of a pan and the 3, 2, 1, 0, and -1 phi sieves arranged with the finest mesh on the bottom. It is not important whether the analyst uses Wentworth or phi scales for the sieve sizes as long as the interval between the sieves brings out the continuous nature of the frequency distribution.<br>
<time begin="00:00:39.663"/><clear/>
&nbsp;<br>
A sample of about 40 grams or less is introduced into the top of the bank, the cover is attached.<br>
<time begin="00:00:46.89"/><clear/>
&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
<time begin="00:00:48.925"/><clear/>
&nbsp;<br>
The bank is placed into a mechanical shaker.<br>
<time begin="00:00:55.153"/><clear/>
&nbsp;<br>
After agitation for 10 to 15 minutes, the bank of sieves is removed from the 
mechanical shaker, and the sieves are separated.<br>
<time begin="00:01:07.175"/><clear/>
&nbsp;<br>
If material is retained on the -1 phi sieve, than gravel is present in the sample 
and the procedure must be repeated with a bank of gravel sieves to analyze 
that fraction.<br>
<time begin="00:01:20.386"/><clear/>
&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
<time begin="00:01:22.6"/><clear/>
&nbsp;<br>
Each sieve that contains some sample is, in turn, emptied individually onto a large sheet of paper. Brushing and tapping the sieve on the flat work surface ensures that all of the sample has been dislodged from the sieve.<br>
<time begin="00:01:39.323"/><clear/>
&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
<time begin="00:01:42.228"/><clear/>
&nbsp;<br>
The sediment is transferred to a tared beaker.<br>
<time begin="00:01:45.45"/><clear/>
&nbsp;<br>
The beaker with sample is weighed and the weight is recorded. The 
recorded weights of the phi sizes are added and normalized to determine the 
frequency distributions within the sand and gravel fractions.<br>
<time begin="00:02:01.000"/><clear/>
&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;<br>
</font>
</window>
WONDERFUL SEAL ISLANDS.                     213
With regard to the Mollusca of the Pribylov waters, the characteristic forms of Toxogiossata and Rhachiglossata peculiar to this north latitude are most abundant; of the Cephalopoda I have seen only a species of squid, sepia, or loligo. The clustering whelks (Buccinum) literally conceal large areas of the boulders on the beaches here and there. They are in immense numbers, and are crushed under your foot at almost every step when you pass over long reaches of rocky shingle at low tide. A few of the Neptunea are found, and the live and dead shells of Limacina are in great abundance wherever the floating kelp-beds afford them shelter.
On land a very large number of 'shells of the genera Succinea and Pupa abound all over the islands. On the bluffs of St. George, just over Garden Cove, I gathered a beautiful Helix.
The little fresh-water lakes and ponds contain a great quantity of representatives of the characteristic genera Planorbis, Melania, Limnea, and that pretty little bivalve, the Cyclas.
Of the Crustacea, the Annelidce, and* Echinodermata, there is abundant representation here. The sea-urchins, "repkie" of the natives, are eagerly sought for at low tide and eaten raw by them. The arctic sea-clam, Mya truncata, is once in a long time found here (it is the chief food of the walrus of Alaska), and the species of Mytilus, the mussels, so abundant in the Aleutian archipelago, are almost absent here at St. Paul and only sparingly found at St. George. Frequently the natives have brought a dish of sea-urchins' viscera for our table, offering it as a great delicacy. I do not think any of us did more than to taste it. The native women are the chief hunters for echinoidse, and during the whole spring and summer seasons they will be seen at both islands, wading in the pools at low water, with their scanty skirts high up, eagerly laying possessive hands upon every "bristling egg" that shows itself. They
from the village at either island during July and August the native fisherman usually captures large halibut-not in abundance, however. The St. Paul people, as well as their relatives on St. George, fish in small " two-hole" bidarkies. They go out together in squads of four to six. One man alone in the kyack is not able to secure a " bolshoi poltoos." The method, when the halibut is hooked, is to call for your nearest neighbor in his bidarka, who paddles swiftly up. You extend your paddle to him, retaining your own hold, and he grasps it, while you seize his in turn, thus making it impossible to capsize, while the large and powerfully struggling fish is brought to the surface between the canoes and knocked on the head. It is then towed ashore and carried in triumph to its lucky captor's house.
>Date: 05 Nov 97 09:21:16 EST
>From: Davids House Inc
>Subject: HR 944 and HR 945

Dear Sirs: 
     
Please tell Congress "Enough, already!"
     
David's House is a small (budget in the ballpark of $300,000) non-profit 
organization. We are a home away from
home for families with children being treated through Children's Hospital at 
Dartmouth (CHaD) at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center in Lebanon, NH. If you 
are familiar with Ronald McDonald Houses, you get the general concept -- except 
that we have no formal ties with any large corporate benefactor, either 
McDonald's or the Medical Center. 90% of our budget is from donations and 
grants. Only 10% comes from guest fees.
     
Up to now we have watched the congressional debate about public funding of 
non-profits from the sidelines, because we do NOT get any government funds. We 
rely entirely on the generosity of individuals, businesses and foundations.
     
Mr. Armey et al. appear determined to de-fund the "left" no matter what it 
takes, even if it means intense scrutiny of corporate philanthropy. Excuse me, 
but has anyone in Congress ever tried writing a grant??? Non-profits already 
have to jump through so many hoops to get businesses to consider them 
favorably, that adding any more hurdles would put many worthy causes on the 
"left" AND on the "right," whatever those terms mean anymore, out of business. 
     
Here's why these bills are problematic from an ideological point of view: About 
2/3 of the families who stay at David's House can't afford to pay their room 
bill ($10 per night). Also we don't discriminate against a family of a patient 
based on whether the parents are married or unmarried, or gay or straight. So I 
guess that means we're a "leftist" cause. 
     
However, some of the families David's House serves have babies with severe, and 
sometimes life-threatening, birth defects that their parents may have known 
about before the children were born. BUT these families decided not to have 
abortions. So I guess that makes us a "rightist" cause.
     
Who will be our judge?
     
Government doesn't want to help people any longer. They're leaving it up to 
"volunteerism" and institutions like churches -- which, as stewardship chair of 
my own church, I can tell you have their OWN problems making ends meet. Now the 
Congress is going to make businesses afraid to help non-profits. But it's OK in 
their minds if corporations give us lots of gifts in kind. What??? Do they 
expect us to barter? Do they really think that if IBM gives us a computer, 
Public Service of NH will take it in exchange for our electric bill?
     
     
Yours very truly,
     
     
Rebecca K. Paquette
Assistant to Director
Particle Physics Seminar
	Thursdaym December 16, 1999 - 11:00 AM
	Small Seminar Room

	Hard Diffraction at D0
	Andrew Brandt, U.T. Arlington

			    ABSTRACT

An introduction to Hard Diffraction is presented including current
Run I results from the DZero Collaboration and plans for a new
sub-detector to improve these studies in Run II.
Hard Diffraction refers to events with jet production along with an
absence of particles or rapidity gap in some region of the detector.
These types of events are usually associated with a leading proton, which
currently cannot be detected by the DZero detector.
Results are presented on jet production with one or two forward rapidity
gaps, topologies that are qualitatively consistent with expectations 
from hard single diffraction and hard double pomeron exchange processes, 
respectively.   Plans for the new Forward Proton Detector
being constructed by Brazil, Fermilab, NIKHEF, and UTA are also discussed.
"Amy Cassonet, overture /","sm1875/08800","08837","001.gif","1","1","","001.tif"
"Amy Cassonet, overture /","sm1875/08800","08837","002.gif","2","2","","002.tif"
"Amy Cassonet, overture /","sm1875/08800","08837","003.gif","3","3","","003.tif"
"Amy Cassonet, overture /","sm1875/08800","08837","004.gif","4","4","","004.tif"
"Amy Cassonet, overture /","sm1875/08800","08837","005.gif","5","5","","005.tif"
"Amy Cassonet, overture /","sm1875/08800","08837","006.gif","6","6","","006.tif"
"Amy Cassonet, overture /","sm1875/08800","08837","007.gif","7","7","","007.tif"
"Amy Cassonet, overture /","sm1875/08800","08837","008.gif","8","8","","008.tif"
"Amy Cassonet, overture /","sm1875/08800","08837","009.gif","9","9","","009.tif"
"Amy Cassonet, overture /","sm1875/08800","08837","010.gif","10","10","","010.tif"
"Amy Cassonet, overture /","sm1875/08800","08837","011.gif","11","11","","011.tif"
"Amy Cassonet, overture /","sm1875/08800","08837","012.gif","12","12","","012.tif"
QUESTION:
Can you see both moons while standing on Mars? 

ANSWER from Mike Malin on February 16, 1997:
Both Phobos (the inner moon) and Deimos (the outer moon) are visible from
the surface of Mars.  Although they are very small (Phobos averages about 7
miles across, while Deimos is about 4 miles across), they are also very
close to Mars (Phobos orbits only 6000 km above the surface; Deimos about
20,000 km).

It is possible to roughly calculate what they would look like, compared to
a full Moon.  Phobos is about 60 times closer to Mars than the Moon is to
Earth, and Deimos is about 20 times closer.  The Moon has 95,000 times the
area of Phobos, and 290,000 times the area of Deimos.  The rock out of
which both Phobos and Deimos are made are about 1/3 as bright as the rocks
on the Moon.  And finally, Mars is about 1.4 times farther from the sun.
So the relative brightness of Phobos and Deimos, relative to the Moon is:

Phobos = 1 Moon X (60 X 60) X 1/3 X 1/95,000 X 1/(1.4 X 1.4) = 6/1000 as 
bright

Deimos = 1 Moon X (20 X 20) X 1/3 X 1/290,000 X 1/(1.4 X 1.4) = 2/10,000 as
bright.

Phobos is about as bright as the brightest planet (Venus) as seen from the
Earth.

Deimos is about as bright as the brightest star (Sirius) as seen from the 
Earth.
Let.3.]                NATURAL  HISTORY.                          4g
fevers, a common complaint in tropical climates ; tama-
jrinds are also good in diarrhaeas, and are much com-
mended in a flux of the haemorrhoids, from a billious
#ud acrimonious blood.
Formerly Maize or Indian Corn, was cultivated here
in such quantities as not only to supply their own
consumption, but that of the Island of Margaritta,
and other places. The ear of this corn is certainly a
_great natural curiosity. It is generally from eight to
ten inches, and sometimes a foot long, consisting of
several rows of grain, commonly nine or ten, according
to the goodness of the soil, each row containing about
forty grains; but, in Tercera, one of the Azores or
Western. Islands, I have seen ears which commonly
measured thirty inches, with twelve rows of grain.
The ear is wonderfully clothed by the agency of the
Almighty Being. He, indeed, is incomprehensible,
but without him it is impossible for any thing to be in-
telligible, and when, as an intelligent author observes *,
his interposition is once supposed, it is easy to conceive
the possibility of producing all things. He alone was
capable of forming the matter which constitutes all
bodies, and none but himself could extract out of this
matter several elements, each of which is perpetually
the same, although their different combinations form an
infinite variety of bodies.. The Almighty then, in the
plenitude of his wisdom, has furnished jhe generality of
seeds with a covering of wood, and has not thought it
proper to afford one of equal strength to the substance
of fruits, which in reality is no more than a covering or
defence to the seed. His wisdom and special care are
manifest, when we examine the care he has taken, bj
* J. Baptiste de Frval
Comment 0411187

From: palfieri@dudek-bock.com
Sent: Friday, July 15, 2005 11:16 AM
To: Rulemaking, TTB
Subject: Notice No. 41: Labeling and Advertising of Wines, Distilled
Spirits and Malt Beverages

U.S.  TTB 

Dear U.S.  TTB,

I am writing to ask that you allow alcohol beverages in this country to include basic information such as serving size and alcohol per serving on their labels. For years, state and federal authorities have encouraged Americans to eat and drink responsibly. Today American consumers are able to make healthier decisions about what they eat because nearly all edible products have nutritional and serving facts displayed prominently on the outside packaging.                                                                                                    It is time that drinks with alcohol are allowed to do the same.
With regard to labels, it is time that spirits, wine and beer follow the same guidelines as all other consumable products. Let the American consumer know the facts about what he or she is drinking.

Thank you for your consideration.

Sincerely,

Patrick Alfieri
5100 W. Roosevelt Road
Chicago, Illinois 60644 cc: Senator Dick Durbin
Representative Danny Davis
Senator Barack Obama
Commissioner Don Adams
####018002738####
TXUS20 KNES 221229
SPENES
ZCZC NFDSPENES ALL
SPENES
NVZ000-CAZ000-ORZ000-
.
SATELLITE PRECIPITATION ESTIMATES..DATE/TIME 02/22/09 1229Z
SATELLITE ANALYSIS BRANCH/NESDIS---NPPU---TEL.301-763-8678
LATEST DATA USED: GOES-11 1200Z KUSSELSON
NOAA AMSU:1032Z  NASA TRMM:0322Z/0450Z
.
LOCATION...W NEVADA...N AND C CALIFORNIA...W OREGON...
.
ATTN WFOS...REV...HNX...LOX...MFR...STO...MTR...EKA...
ATTN RFCS...NWRFC...CNRFC...
.
EVENT...MOISTURE PLUME NARROW BUT WELL ESTABLISHED AND POINTING GOOD
ADVECTION INTO CENTRAL AND N CA AND ON INTO THE N SIERRAS/SISKIYOUS...
.
SATELLITE ANALYSIS AND TRENDS...MOISTURE PLUME OR ATMOSPHERIC RIVER WELL
ESTABLISHED AND STRETCHED OUT/NARROW AND CENTERED 20N/140W TO
SAN LUIS OBISPO/MONTEREY COUNTY COAST.  THIS FIRE HOSE IS SET TO BLAST
AWAY WITH HVY PRECIPITATION AS JET RIDES ALONG AND JUST NORTH INTO SFO
BAY AREA AND N SIERRAS. UPPER LOW HAS PULLED NORTH AND NOW AT 44.5N/133W
AND WITH ONE VORT LIFTING JUST OFF OREGON COAST...LOOKING FOR SHORT
WAVE DESTABILIZERS THAT WILL SQUEEZE MOISTURE OUT ACROSS CENTRAL AND N
CA INTO THE SIERRAS AND SISKIYOUS.  WE SEE A WEAK VORT AT 36N/134W THAT
WILL TEAM UP WITH JET TO START PRODUCING HVYER PRECIP MONTEREY/SFO BAY
COAST NORTHWARD AND WORK INLAND TODAY.  MORE IMPORTANT VORT AT 32N/141.5W
BEGINNING TO SWING AND WILL TAP MORE OF THE DEEPER PLUME MOISTURE AND
HELP POINT MORE OF THE TRANSPORT MOISTURE INTO THE CENTRAL TO N CA COAST
THIS EVENING AND TONIGHT FOR MODERATE TO HVY PRECIP.  AND THAT MOISTURE
TAP IS SUBSTANTIAL AS SHOWN BY LATEST NASA TRMM PASS THAT SHOWED ALMOST
SOLID RAIN AREA WITH TROPICAL PLUME OF NEAR 1.5 DEG LAT WD WAITING TO
BE FULLY TAPPED.
COUPLE OF THINGS TO BE WATCHFUL FOR...SLIVER OF DRY AIR/LOWER PW VALUES
THAT HAVE COME WEST OFF BAJA WERE TURNING NORTH TOWARD FAR S CA COAST AND
HELPING TO MAKE PW MOISTURE PLUME NARROW...THIS LOOKS LIKE IT WILL KEEP
FULL BLAST OF HVY RAIN FROM MAKING MUCH IF ANY INROADS INTO SOUTHERN CA
FROM LAX SOUTHWARD...MAYBE A LITTLE NORTH OF THAT...JUST SOMETHING TO KEEP
AN EYE ON.   ALSO STRENGTH OF VORT AT 32N/141W CAN'T BE TOO STRONG OR IT
WILL TRY NUDGE MOISTURE PLUME SOUTH AND IF THAT WERE TO OCCUR MOISTURE
PLUME COULD WEAKEN OF TRY TO NUDGE HEAVIEST RAIN A LITTLE FURTHER SOUTH
TONIGHT OR MONDAY.
WILL CONTINUE TO MONITOR...SATELLITE ANALYSIS GRAPHIC ON HOME PAGE
SHORTLY AT WEB ADDRESS BELOW...

.
SEE NCEP HPC DISCUSSION AND QPF/S FOR FORECAST.
....NESDIS IS A MEMBER OF 12 PLANET....
.
SSD/SAB WEB ADDRESS FOR PRECIP ESTIMATES:
HTTP://WWW.SSD.NOAA.GOV/PS/PCPN/
...ALL LOWER CASE EXCEPT /PS/PCPN/
.
LAT...LON 4315 12377 3801 11919 3450 11978 3178 12254 4053 12518

.
NNNN
En route Descent Advisor Concerpt for Arrival Metering

Steven M. Green
NASA Ames Research Center
Moffett Field, CA

Robert A. Vivona
Titan Systems Corporation
Billerica, MA

Abstract

The En-route Descent Advisor (EDA) is a set of decision support 
tool (DST) capabilities for managing complex en route traffic subject 
to metering restrictions. The goal is to enable controller procedures to 
evolve from today's emphasis on sector management towards procedures 
more oriented towards trajectory management. EDA will help controllers 
transition traffic from a "Free Flight" (minimally restricted) en route 
environment into an efficiently organized arrival flow into terminal 
airspace. EDA assists controllers with high-density arrival metering 
by providing fuel-efficient metering-conformance advisories that are 
integrated with conflict detection and resolution (CD&R) capabilities. 
Results of engineering analyses indicate that EDA advisories, based on 
accurate trajectory-prediction techniques, have the potential to reduce 
the rate of conflict-probe false alarms and missed alerts by 20% and 
improve the efficiency of transition airspace operations resulting in an 
annual nation-wide benefit of $ 291 million.
From Cosmic Strings to Cosmic SUperstrings: Dynamics of Cosmic Superstring Networks

Cosmic strings, a hot subject in the 1980's and early 1990's, lost its appeal 
when it was found that it leads to inconsistencies in the power spectrum of the 
measured cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropies. However, topological 
defects in general, and cosmic strings in particular, are deeply rooted in the 
framework of grand unified theories. Indeed, it was shown that cosmic strings are 
expected to be generically formed within supersymmetric grand unified theories.
This theoretical support gave a new boost to the field of cosmic strings, a boost 
which has been  enhanced when it was shown that cosmic superstrings (fundamental 
or one-dimensional Dirichlet branes) can play the role of cosmic strings, in the 
framework of braneworld cosmologies.
Cosmic superstrings are expected to be formed at the end of brane inflation, within 
the context of brane-world cosmological models inspired from string theory. By 
studying properties of cosmic suprestring networks, and comparing their phenomenological 
consequences against observational data, we aim at pinning down the successful and 
natural inflationary model and get an insight into the stringy description of our universe.

After a short review in the current status of cosmic strings, I will discuss the formation 
and subsequent evolution of cosmic ssuperstrings. I will show how they reach scaling 
and I will then discuss their phenomenological consequences.
240198
Missouri
~-Sla~i~~S
	~ Chambers	Page 1.	3	(
LI3TA CHA~ABERS
	The subject of this sketch is Lula Chambers who is not certain of her age. However she knows she is past ninety and that she was born in Gelatin Cou.nty, Eentucky near Virginia. She lives
	  with a granddaughter, Ge~tve Holden, 262? Thomas Street,4~~t.*.-7(		~
	      Lying ill in a three~quarter metal bed In the front hal]. room
	 01G her granddaughter s 4-room bri ok apartment  the old lady is a
	 very cheerful person, with an exceptionally fair complexion. Her	.
	 browa hair is mixed with gray and she wears it quite long. Her		
	 room is neatly furnished.		
	~ was born in Galatin County, Kentucky, more than ninety
	 years ago, slaves didnt know dere age in them days when I come
along. I do know I was born In Tuly and my mati~ny s name was Pat 87 Lillard . I done t ~ow nothing at all about no kind of father.
	~	9
Course, I had one but who he was I never knew. I aint never
even seen my mother enough to really know her, cause she was sold	?~
off the plantation where I was raised, when ] was too young to re	~
~ ~
	mel3ther her, and I just growed up in the house With the white folks	~
		7~-::)
	.~
	~
~ . . ~
Io4                          TOURNE A Lj8 MODE
de Paction il avait t frapp d'une balle au bras!
Quelques minutes aprs il reut un* autre coup dans
l'aine, et ce ne fut que lorsqu'une troisime balle Peut
frapp dans la poitrine qu'on put lui faire quitter le
champ de bataille.  Je meurs satisfait  : telle fut son
exclamation lorsque, dans les bras de la mort, il en-
tendit les siens pousser les cris joyeux de la victoire.
Une pierre brute indique le lieu o ce hros reut le
trpas (i3). Adisson disait en parcourant les divers
monumens de l'Italie qu'il croyait marcher sur une terre
classique; pour moi je pense qu'on pourrait appeler le
Canada une terre toute guerrire.
Les chutes de Montmorency, sur la rivire du mme
nom, prs de son embouchure dans le Saint-Laurent,
se trouvent  5 milles, nord de Qubec; elles ont 220
pieds de hauteur perpendiculaire, et peuvent tre com-
pares  celles du Niagara pour la beaut1 et l'tendue.
Les chutes de la Chaudire portent aussi le nom
de la rivire o elles se trouvent ; elles ont 240 pieds
de largeur et 100 pieds de hauteur perpendiculaire (14)-
Ces deux cataractes, la belle le d'Orlans et son
immense horizon, les sites de Beaufort et de la pointe
Lvi, fontpartie de ces grands et magnifiques accidens
de la nature, si nombreux dans cette portion de l'A-
mrique septentrionale.
Pour remonter le fleuve SaintrLaurent on conoit
facilement que le voyage est plus long et plus pnible
que pour le descendre. Des bateaux  vapeur, au
nombre de 7 ou 8, se rendent en 36 heures de Mont-
Ral  Qubec, mais pour en ^revenir il leur faut
ordinairement deux jours et demi. Le prix du passage
(CO-99-13) Population Estimates for Counties by Age Group:  July 1, 1992
Source:  Population Estimates Program, Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC  20233
Contact:  Statistical Information Staff, Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau (301-457-2422)
          pop@census.gov (please include a phone number with email correspondence)
Internet Release Date:  August 30, 2000
                                        Total      Ages     Ages     Ages     Ages     Ages     Ages     Ages     Ages     Ages
Area Name                          Population       0-4     5-17    18-24    25-44    45-64      16+      21+      65+      85+
    MAINE                             1235748     82937   224519   119975   398302   241769   961357   876363   168246    19427
Androscoggin County                    103823      7375    19129    11066    32407    19700    80132    72601    14146     1779
Aroostook County                        87057      5815    16249     8755    27745    17032    67466    61434    11461     1209
Cumberland County                      244026     16368    40333    25299    83280    45889   193330   176884    32857     3841
Franklin County                         29134      1953     5663     3170     8833     5868    22337    19973     3647      432
Hancock County                          47909      3159     8247     4202    15182     9845    37703    34659     7274      927
Kennebec County                        116975      7553    21690    11581    37034    23259    90862    82454    15858     1852
Knox County                             36850      2396     6457     2641    11504     7456    28950    26843     6396      850
Lincoln County                          30660      1934     5627     2015     9254     6574    23927    22177     5256      618
Oxford County                           52650      3649    10053     3878    16126    10825    40434    37336     8119      949
Penobscot County                       146898      9251    26190    18439    46629    28746   115425   102811    17643     1906
Piscataquis County                      18736      1120     3736     1316     5482     4020    14443    13307     3062      363
Sagadahoc County                        33969      2616     6196     3188    11949     6221    26024    23875     3799      454
Somerset County                         50789      3407    10358     4342    15715    10301    38618    35189     6666      804
Waldo County                            34052      2344     6758     2790    10806     6906    25913    23707     4448      428
Washington County                       35948      2180     6933     3143    10334     7595    27789    25420     5763      724
York County                            166272     11817    30900    14150    56022    31532   128004   117693    21851     2291
The estimates presented here were produced by a method which is still in a developmental stage.  They
may not be accurate for populations which are very small or have unusual distributions.  These figures
should be used with caution.
Kreiling, R. M., Yin, Y., and Gerber, D. T., 2007, Abiotic influences on the
biomass of Vallisneria americana Michx. in the Upper Mississippi River: River
Research and Applications, v. 23, no. 3, p. 343-349.

Abstract: American wildcelery, Vallisneria americana Michx. is an ecologically
important component of aquatic communities in the Upper Mississippi River
(UMR). We conducted a study in 2002 to determine the association of several
abiotic factors on the vegetative growth of Vallisneria in Navigation Pool 8 (Pool
8) of the UMR. We measured turbidity, percent light absorbance, surface water
ammonium, surface water nitrate, current velocity, conductivity, pH and water
depth throughout one growing season at 56 stratified sites based on where
Vallisneria occurred in previous years. Sediment and aboveground biomass
samples were collected during peak growth. Sediment was analysed for organic
content, particle size, pore water nitrate and pore water ammonium. Vallisneria
biomass samples were dried to constant mass. Because some sites were without
water for much of the growing season, only data from 52 sites were reported.
Biomass was associated with depth, percent light absorbance, turbidity and wind
fetch. Vallisneria was abundant in the depth range of 0.55 to 1.03 m, in areas
receiving at least 38% of surface light and in areas exposed to greater wind fetch
(> 2000m). Our results suggest that the primary abiotic variable associated with
Vallisneria americana in the UMR is light, not nutrients.

Keywords: Vallisneria americana, American wildcelery, Upper Mississippi River,
nutrients, light, Lower Detroit River, Myriophyllum-Spicatum, submersed
macrophytes, aquatic macrophytes, growth, vegetation