Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: 
        Priya Nanjappa, USGS - Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
      Originator:
        Laura (Leininger) Blackburn, Ball State University
      Originator: 
        Dr. Michael J. Lannoo, Ph.D., Indiana University School of Medicine
      Publication_Date: 200011
      Title: 
        Distribution of Selected Amphibians in the United States, 1980 to 1989
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Online_Linkage: http://nationalatlas.gov/atlasftp.html
  Description:
    Abstract:
      This data set portrays the distribution of 19 selected amphibians
      in the United States based on historical literature and museum 
      records from 1980 to 1989. 
    Purpose:
      These data are intended for geographic display and analysis at the
      national level, and for large regional areas.  The data should be
      displayed and analyzed at scales appropriate for 1:2,000,000-scale
      data.  No responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey
      in the use of these data.
    Supplemental_Information:
      In the online, interactive National Atlas of the United States, this 
      file is linked to the county boundaries file for display purposes.
      There is a text file, atlas_amphib_sources.txt, included with this 
      metadata file that lists the literature sources used to obtain the 
      information for the Amphibian species status.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 1980
        Ending_Date: 1989
    Currentness_Reference: Ground condition
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: 170
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -64
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 72
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 17
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: amphibians
      Theme_Keyword: frogs
      Theme_Keyword: toads
      Theme_Keyword: salamander
      Theme_Keyword: newt
      Theme_Keyword: treefrog
      Theme_Keyword: mudpuppy 
      Theme_Keyword: distribution
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:
        Crother, B.I., J. Boundy, J.A. Campbell, K. de Queiroz, D.R. 
        Frost, R. Highton, J.B. Iverson, P.A. Meylan, T.W. Reeder, 
        M. E. Seidel, J.W. Sites, Jr., T.W. Taggart, S.G. Tilley, and
        D.B. Wake.  2000. Scientific and Standard English Names of
        Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with
        Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. In press.
      Theme_Keyword: Ambystomatidae
      Theme_Keyword: Ambystoma tigrinum
      Theme_Keyword: tiger salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Ascaphidae
      Theme_Keyword: Ascaphus truei
      Theme_Keyword: tailed frog
      Theme_Keyword: Bufonidae
      Theme_Keyword: Bufo americanus
      Theme_Keyword: American toad
      Theme_Keyword: Bufo boreas
      Theme_Keyword: western toad
      Theme_Keyword: Dicamptodontidae
      Theme_Keyword: Dicamptodon tenebrosus
      Theme_Keyword: coastal giant salamander
      Theme_Keyword: giant salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Hylidae
      Theme_Keyword: Acris crepitans
      Theme_Keyword: cricket frog
      Theme_Keyword: Hyla versicolor
      Theme_Keyword: Hyla chrysoscelis
      Theme_Keyword: gray treefrog
      Theme_Keyword: Pseudacris crucifer
      Theme_Keyword: spring peeper
      Theme_Keyword: Pseudacris regilla
      Theme_Keyword: Pacific treefrog
      Theme_Keyword: Pseudacris triseriata
      Theme_Keyword: chorus frog
      Theme_Keyword: Plethodontidae
      Theme_Keyword: Plethodon cinereus
      Theme_Keyword: red-backed salamander
      Theme_Keyword: redback salamander
      Theme_Keyword: Proteidae
      Theme_Keyword: Necturus maculosus
      Theme_Keyword: mudpuppy
      Theme_Keyword: Ranidae
      Theme_Keyword: Rana aurora
      Theme_Keyword: red-legged frog
      Theme_Keyword: Rana catesbeiana
      Theme_Keyword: bullfrog
      Theme_Keyword: Rana muscosa
      Theme_Keyword: yellow-legged frog
      Theme_Keyword: Rana pipiens
      Theme_Keyword: leopard frog
      Theme_Keyword: Salamandridae
      Theme_Keyword: Notophthalmus viridescens
      Theme_Keyword: eastern newt
      Theme_Keyword: red-spotted newt
      Theme_Keyword: Sirenidae
      Theme_Keyword: Siren intermedia
      Theme_Keyword: lesser siren
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: United States
      Place_Keyword: Alabama
      Place_Keyword: Alaska
      Place_Keyword: Arizona
      Place_Keyword: Arkansas
      Place_Keyword: California
      Place_Keyword: Colorado
      Place_Keyword: Connecticut
      Place_Keyword: Delaware
      Place_Keyword: District of Columbia
      Place_Keyword: Florida
      Place_Keyword: Georgia
      Place_Keyword: Hawaii
      Place_Keyword: Idaho
      Place_Keyword: Illinois
      Place_Keyword: Indiana
      Place_Keyword: Iowa
      Place_Keyword: Kansas
      Place_Keyword: Kentucky
      Place_Keyword: Louisiana
      Place_Keyword: Maine
      Place_Keyword: Maryland
      Place_Keyword: Massachusetts
      Place_Keyword: Michigan
      Place_Keyword: Minnesota
      Place_Keyword: Mississippi
      Place_Keyword: Missouri
      Place_Keyword: Montana
      Place_Keyword: Nebraska
      Place_Keyword: Nevada
      Place_Keyword: New Hampshire
      Place_Keyword: New Jersey
      Place_Keyword: New Mexico
      Place_Keyword: New York
      Place_Keyword: North Carolina
      Place_Keyword: North Dakota
      Place_Keyword: Ohio
      Place_Keyword: Oklahoma
      Place_Keyword: Oregon
      Place_Keyword: Pennsylvania
      Place_Keyword: Rhode Island
      Place_Keyword: South Carolina
      Place_Keyword: South Dakota
      Place_Keyword: Tennessee
      Place_Keyword: Texas
      Place_Keyword: Utah
      Place_Keyword: Vermont
      Place_Keyword: Virginia
      Place_Keyword: Washington
      Place_Keyword: West Virginia
      Place_Keyword: Wisconsin
      Place_Keyword: Wyoming
      Place_Keyword: USA
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints:
    None. Acknowledgment of the primary sources and/or the National Atlas of the
    United States of America used to acquire these data is appreciated in 
    products derived from these data.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Priya Nanjappa
        Contact_Organization: USGS - Patuxent Wildlife Research Center 
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type:  mailing address
        Address: 
          12100 Beech Forest Road 
        City: Laurel
        State_or_Province: MD
        Postal_Code: 47306
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (301) 497-5559
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: priya_nanjappa@usgs.gov
  Native_Data_Set_Environment:
    Microsoft Excel97 converted to dBASE IV for the National Atlas
    of the United States of America.
Data_Quality_Information:
  Logical_Consistency_Report:
    No additional checks for topological consistency were performed
    on this data set. 
  Completeness_Report:
    This data set includes distribution data for 19 species of  
    amphibians across the 50 United States.
  
  Lineage:
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: 
            Ball State University and Indiana University School 
            of Medicine
          Publication_Date: 2000
          Title: Distributional History of Selected U.S. Amphibians 
      Type_of_Source_Media: electronic mail system
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Range_of_Dates/Times:
            Beginning_Date: 1980
            Ending_Date: 1989
        Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
      Source_Contribution: Spatial and attribute information
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: amphibian_data 
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        The amphibian_data Microsoft Excel97 file containing fields for 
        State, county, FIPS code, species status and data source information
        was received from Ball State University.  The file contained 
        information about the distribution of 19 species of amphibians.  
        Amphibian_data was converted to a text file and loaded into a DBase IV 
        database which is the format used by the National Atlas of the United 
        States.   
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: amphibian_data
      Process_Date: 2000
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Indirect_Spatial_Reference: 
    U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the Identification of the 
    States, the District of Columbia and the Outlying Areas of the United 
    States, and Associated Areas(FIPS 5-2): Washington, D.C., National Institute 
    of Standards and Technology.
    U.S. Department of Commerce, 1990, Counties and Equivalent Entities of the 
    United States, Its Possessions, and Associated Areas (FIPS 6-4): Washington, 
    D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Amphibian distribution.
      Entity_Type_Definition: 
        Distribution of amphibians by U.S. county.
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: 
        Ball State University and Indiana University School 
        of Medicine
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: State
      Attribute_Definition: 
        The name of the State.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Codeset_Domain:
          Codeset_Name: 
            Codes for the Identification of the States, the District of Columbia 
            and the Outlying Areas of the United States, and Associated Areas,           
            FIPS 5-2, 1987.
          Codeset_Source: 
            U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of
            Standards and Technology
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: County
      Attribute_Definition: 
        The name of the county or county equivalent.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Codeset_Domain:
          Codeset_Name: 
            Counties and Equivalent Entities of the United States, Its 
            Possessions, and Associated Areas, FIPS 6-4, 1990.
          Codeset_Source: 
            U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of 
            Standards and Technology
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Fips
      Attribute_Definition: 
        The State and county FIPS code for the area. 
      Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Codeset_Domain:
          Codeset_Name: 
            Counties and Equivalent Entities of the United States, Its 
            Possessions, and Associated Areas, FIPS 6-4, 1990
          Codeset_Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National 
            Institute of Standards and Technology
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: XXXXXX_sta
      Attribute_Definition: 
        Status data for Amphibian species XXXXXX, where XXXXXX represents the
        species name:
        > XXXXXX Amphibian species
        >-------------------------------------------------------------
        > Si_int Siren intermedia (Lesser Siren)
        > No_vir Notophthalmus viridescens (Eastern Newt)
        > Ne_mac Necturus maculosus (Mudpuppy)
        > Am_tig Ambystoma tigrinum (Eastern Tiger Salamander)
        > Di_ten Dicamptodon tenebrosus (Coastal Giant Salamander)
        > Eu_bis Eurycea bislineata (Nothern Two-lined Salamander)
        > Pl_cin Plethodon cinereus (Eastern Red-backed Salamander)
        > As_tru Ascaphus truei (Tailed Frog)
        > Bu_ame Bufo americanus (American Toad)
        > Bu_bor Bufo boreas (Western Toad)
        > Ac_cre Acris crepitans (Northern Cricket Frog)
        > Hy_v_c Hyla vericolor/chrysoscelis (Gray Treefrog complex 
        >        [Gray Treefrog/Cope's Gray Treefrog])
        > Ps_reg Pseudacris regilla (Pacific Treefrog)
        > Ps_cru Pseudacris crucifer (Spring Peeper)
        > Ps_tri Pseudacris triseriata (Chorus Frog complex [including 
        >        Boreal, Western, and Southern Chorus Frogs])
        > Ra_aur Rana aurora (Red-legged Frog)
        > Ra_cat Rana catesbeiana (American Bullfrog)
        > Ra_mus Rana muscosa (Mountain Yellow-legged Frog)
        > Ra_pip Rana pipiens (Northern Leopard Frog)
        >
      Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain: 
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 
            The amphibian species is absent from the county or no survey 
            data are available for the county.
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: 
            Ball State University and Indiana University School 
            of Medicine
        Enumerated_Domain: 
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 
            The amphibian species is assumed present in the county based 
            on historical presence information (museum voucher specimens,
            historical observations, etc).
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: 
            Ball State University and Indiana University School 
            of Medicine
        Enumerated_Domain: 
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 
            The amphibian species presence in the county is confirmed by a
            voucher specimen collected before 1990. 
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: 
            Ball State University and Indiana University School 
            of Medicine
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: XXXXXX_sou
      Attribute_Definition: 
        Literature source where the Amphibian species XXXXXX status
        information was obtained, where XXXXXX represents the species name
        (see the table above for XXXXXX_sta).
      Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
      Attribute_Domain_Values: 
        Unrepresentable_Domain: 
          The text file, atlas_amphib_sources.txt, included with this
          metadata file lists the literature sources used.
        Enumerated_Domain: 
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 
            No source is necessary.  The amphibian species is absent from
            the county or no survey data are available for the county. 
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: 
            Ball State University and Indiana University School 
            of Medicine
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization:
          Earth Science Information Center,
          U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 507 National Center
        City: Reston
        State_or_Province: VA
        Postal_Code: 20192
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS (1-888-275-8747)
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-5920
      Contact_Instructions:
        In addition to the address above there are other ESIC
        offices throughout the country.  A full list of these
        offices is at
        http://mapping.usgs.gov/esic/esic_index.html
  Distribution_Liability:
    Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at 
    the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made     
    regarding the accuracy or utility of the data on any other system or for 
    general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution 
    constitute any such warranty.  This disclaimer applies both to individual 
    use of the data and aggregate use with other data.  It is strongly 
    recommended that these data are directly acquired from a U.S. Geological 
    Survey server, and not indirectly through other sources which may have 
    Changed the data in some way.  No responsibility is assumed by the U.S. 
    Geological Survey in the use of these data.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: DBF
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name:
                http://nationalatlas.gov/atlasftp.html
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Offline_Option:
          Offline_Media: CD-ROM
          Recording_Format: tar
    Fees:
      There is no charge for the online option.  For National Atlas files 
      ordered on CD-ROM there is a base price of $45.00 per disc, a handling fee 
      of $5.00, and a per-file charge based on file size.  The charge for files 
      less than 10 megabytes in size is $1.00.  The charge for files that 
      range in size from 10 to 150 megabytes is $7.50.  The charge for files of 
      150 megabytes or larger is $15.00.  The charge is $1.00 for the
      Distribution of Selected Amphibians in the United States, 1980 to 1989
      data set.
    Ordering_Instructions:
      To order files on CD-ROM, please see
      http://nationalatlas.gov/atlasftp.html#q12.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20001127
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Gita Urban-Mathieux
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 521 National Center
        City: Reston
        State_or_Province: VA
        Postal_Code: 20192
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-5175
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: atlasmail@usgs.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name:
    FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata 
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Security_Information: 
    Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None
    Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified
    Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None