-CITE-
    50 USC CHAPTER 33 - WAR POWERS RESOLUTION                   01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
    CHAPTER 33 - WAR POWERS RESOLUTION

-HEAD-
                    CHAPTER 33 - WAR POWERS RESOLUTION                

-MISC1-
    Sec.                                                     
    1541.       Purpose and policy.                                   
                  (a)  Congressional declaration.                     
                  (b)  Congressional legislative power under necessary
                        and proper clause.                            
                  (c)  Presidential executive power as
                        Commander-in-Chief; limitation.               
    1542.       Consultation; initial and regular consultations.      
    1543.       Reporting requirement.                                
                  (a)  Written report; time of submission;
                        circumstances necessitating submission;
                        information reported.                         
                  (b)  Other information reported.                    
                  (c)  Periodic reports; semiannual requirement.      
    1544.       Congressional action.                                 
                  (a)  Transmittal of report and referral to
                        Congressional committees; joint request for
                        convening Congress.                           
                  (b)  Termination of use of United States Armed
                        Forces; exceptions; extension period.         
                  (c)  Concurrent resolution for removal by President
                        of United States Armed Forces.                
    1545.       Congressional priority procedures for joint resolution
                 or bill.                                             
                  (a)  Time requirement; referral to Congressional
                        committee; single report.                     
                  (b)  Pending business; vote.                        
                  (c)  Referral to other House committee.             
                  (d)  Disagreement between Houses.                   
    1546.       Congressional priority procedures for concurrent
                 resolution.                                          
                  (a)  Referral to Congressional committee; single
                        report.                                       
                  (b)  Pending business; vote.                        
                  (c)  Referral to other House committee.             
                  (d)  Disagreement between Houses.                   
    1546a.      Expedited procedures for certain joint resolutions and
                 bills.                                               
    1547.       Interpretation of joint resolution.                   
                  (a)  Inferences from any law or treaty.             
                  (b)  Joint headquarters operations of high-level
                        military commands.                            
                  (c)  Introduction of United States Armed Forces.    
                  (d)  Constitutional authorities or existing treaties
                        unaffected; construction against grant of
                        Presidential authority respecting use of
                        United States Armed Forces.                   
    1548.       Separability.                                         

-End-

-CITE-
    50 USC Sec. 1541                                            01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
    CHAPTER 33 - WAR POWERS RESOLUTION

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1541. Purpose and policy

-STATUTE-
    (a) Congressional declaration
      It is the purpose of this chapter to fulfill the intent of the
    framers of the Constitution of the United States and insure that
    the collective judgment of both the Congress and the President will
    apply to the introduction of United States Armed Forces into
    hostilities, or into situations where imminent involvement in
    hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, and to the
    continued use of such forces in hostilities or in such situations.
    (b) Congressional legislative power under necessary and proper
      clause
      Under article I, section 8, of the Constitution, it is
    specifically provided that the Congress shall have the power to
    make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution, not
    only its own powers but also all other powers vested by the
    Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any
    department or officer hereof.
    (c) Presidential executive power as Commander-in-Chief; limitation
      The constitutional powers of the President as Commander-in-Chief
    to introduce United States Armed Forces into hostilities, or into
    situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly
    indicated by the circumstances, are exercised only pursuant to (1)
    a declaration of war, (2) specific statutory authorization, or (3)
    a national emergency created by attack upon the United States, its
    territories or possessions, or its armed forces.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 93-148, Sec. 2, Nov. 7, 1973, 87 Stat. 555.)

-MISC1-
                              EFFECTIVE DATE                          
      Section 10 of Pub. L. 93-148 provided that: "This joint
    resolution [enacting this chapter] shall take effect on the date of
    its enactment [Nov. 7, 1973]."

                                SHORT TITLE                            
      Section 1 of Pub. L. 93-148 provided that: "This joint resolution
    [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'War Powers
    Resolution'."

                       UNITED STATES POLICY ON IRAQ                   
      Pub. L. 109-163, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1227, Jan. 6, 2006, 119
    Stat. 3465, provided that:
      "(a) Short Title. - This section may be cited as the 'United
    States Policy in Iraq Act'.
      "(b) Sense of Congress. - It is the sense of the Congress that,
    in order to succeed in Iraq - 
        "(1) members of the United States Armed Forces who are serving
      or have served in Iraq and their families deserve the utmost
      respect and the heartfelt gratitude of the American people for
      their unwavering devotion to duty, service to the Nation, and
      selfless sacrifice under the most difficult circumstances; the
      United States Congress supports our troops and supports a
      successful conclusion to their mission;
        "(2) it is important to recognize that the Iraqi people have
      made enormous sacrifices and that the overwhelming majority of
      Iraqis want to live in peace and security; and that the Iraqi
      security forces in a growing number of incidences are fighting
      side-by-side with coalition forces, are increasing in numbers and
      improving in military capability;
        "(3) the terrorists seeking to prevent the emergence of a
      secure, stable, peaceful, and democratic Iraq are led by
      individuals seeking to restore dictatorship in Iraq or who want
      to advance al Qaeda's broad vision of violently extreme Islam in
      the Middle East;
        "(4) calendar year 2006 should be a period of significant
      transition to full Iraqi sovereignty, with Iraqi security forces
      taking the lead for the security of a free and sovereign Iraq,
      thereby creating the conditions for the phased redeployment of
      United States forces from Iraq;
        "(5) United States military forces should not stay in Iraq any
      longer than required and the professional military judgment of
      our senior military should be a key factor in future decisions;
        "(6) the Administration should tell the leaders of all groups
      and political parties in Iraq that they need to make the
      compromises necessary to achieve the broad-based and sustainable
      political settlement that is essential for defeating the
      insurgency in Iraq, within the schedule they set for themselves;
      and
        "(7) the President has committed to continue to explain to
      Congress and the American people progress toward a successful
      completion of the mission in Iraq.
      "(c) Reports to Congress on United States Policy and Military
    Operations in Iraq. - Not later than 90 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 2006], and every three months
    thereafter until all United States combat brigades have redeployed
    from Iraq, the President shall submit to Congress a report on
    United States policy and military operations in Iraq. To the
    maximum extent practicable, the report required in (c) shall be
    unclassified, with a classified annex if necessary. Each report
    shall include to the extent practical, the following information:
        "(1) The current military mission and the diplomatic,
      political, economic, and military measures that are being or have
      been undertaken to successfully complete or support that mission,
      including:
          "(A) Efforts to convince Iraq's main communities to make the
        compromises necessary for a broad-based and sustainable
        political settlement.
          "(B) Engaging the international community and the region in
        efforts to stabilize Iraq and to forge a broad-based and
        sustainable political settlement.
          "(C) Strengthening the capacity of Iraq's government
        ministries.
          "(D) Accelerating the delivery of basic services.
          "(E) Securing the delivery of pledged economic assistance
        from the international community and additional pledges of
        assistance.
          "(F) Training Iraqi security forces and transferring
        additional security responsibilities to those forces and the
        government of Iraq.
        "(2) Whether the Iraqis have made the compromises necessary to
      achieve the broad-based and sustainable political settlement that
      is essential for defeating the insurgency in Iraq.
        "(3) Any specific conditions included in the April 2005 Multi-
      National Forces-Iraq campaign action plan (referred to in United
      States Government Accountability Office October 2005 report on
      Rebuilding Iraq: DOD Reports Should Link Economic, Governance,
      and Security Indicators to Conditions for Stabilizing Iraq), and
      any subsequent updates to that campaign plan, that must be met in
      order to provide for the transition of additional security
      responsibility to Iraqi security forces.
        "(4) To the extent that these conditions are not covered under
      paragraph (3), the following should also be addressed:
          "(A) The number of battalions of the Iraqi Armed Forces that
        must be able to operate independently or to take the lead in
        counterinsurgency operations and the defense of Iraq's
        territory.
          "(B) The number of Iraqi special police units that must be
        able to operate independently or to take the lead in
        maintaining law and order and fighting the insurgency.
          "(C) The number of regular police that must be trained and
        equipped to maintain law and order.
          "(D) The ability of Iraq's Federal ministries and provincial
        and local governments to independently sustain, direct, and
        coordinate Iraq's security forces.
        "(5) The criteria to be used to evaluate progress toward
      meeting such conditions.
        "(6) A plan for meeting such conditions, an assessment of the
      extent to which such conditions have been met, information
      regarding variables that could alter that plan, and the reasons
      for any subsequent changes to that plan."

    AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF MILITARY FORCE AGAINST IRAQ RESOLUTION OF
                                   2002
      Pub. L. 107-243, Oct. 16, 2002, 116 Stat. 1498, provided that:
    "Whereas in 1990 in response to Iraq's war of aggression against
      and illegal occupation of Kuwait, the United States forged a
      coalition of nations to liberate Kuwait and its people in order
      to defend the national security of the United States and enforce
      United Nations Security Council resolutions relating to Iraq;
    "Whereas after the liberation of Kuwait in 1991, Iraq entered into
      a United Nations sponsored cease-fire agreement pursuant to which
      Iraq unequivocally agreed, among other things, to eliminate its
      nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons programs and the means
      to deliver and develop them, and to end its support for
      international terrorism;
    "Whereas the efforts of international weapons inspectors, United
      States intelligence agencies, and Iraqi defectors led to the
      discovery that Iraq had large stockpiles of chemical weapons and
      a large scale biological weapons program, and that Iraq had an
      advanced nuclear weapons development program that was much closer
      to producing a nuclear weapon than intelligence reporting had
      previously indicated;
    "Whereas Iraq, in direct and flagrant violation of the cease-fire,
      attempted to thwart the efforts of weapons inspectors to identify
      and destroy Iraq's weapons of mass destruction stockpiles and
      development capabilities, which finally resulted in the
      withdrawal of inspectors from Iraq on October 31, 1998;
    "Whereas in Public Law 105-235 (August 14, 1998) [112 Stat. 1538],
      Congress concluded that Iraq's continuing weapons of mass
      destruction programs threatened vital United States interests and
      international peace and security, declared Iraq to be in
      'material and unacceptable breach of its international
      obligations' and urged the President 'to take appropriate action,
      in accordance with the Constitution and relevant laws of the
      United States, to bring Iraq into compliance with its
      international obligations';
    "Whereas Iraq both poses a continuing threat to the national
      security of the United States and international peace and
      security in the Persian Gulf region and remains in material and
      unacceptable breach of its international obligations by, among
      other things, continuing to possess and develop a significant
      chemical and biological weapons capability, actively seeking a
      nuclear weapons capability, and supporting and harboring
      terrorist organizations;
    "Whereas Iraq persists in violating resolution [sic] of the United
      Nations Security Council by continuing to engage in brutal
      repression of its civilian population thereby threatening
      international peace and security in the region, by refusing to
      release, repatriate, or account for non-Iraqi citizens wrongfully
      detained by Iraq, including an American serviceman, and by
      failing to return property wrongfully seized by Iraq from Kuwait;
    "Whereas the current Iraqi regime has demonstrated its capability
      and willingness to use weapons of mass destruction against other
      nations and its own people;
    "Whereas the current Iraqi regime has demonstrated its continuing
      hostility toward, and willingness to attack, the United States,
      including by attempting in 1993 to assassinate former President
      Bush and by firing on many thousands of occasions on United
      States and Coalition Armed Forces engaged in enforcing the
      resolutions of the United Nations Security Council;
    "Whereas members of al Qaida, an organization bearing
      responsibility for attacks on the United States, its citizens,
      and interests, including the attacks that occurred on September
      11, 2001, are known to be in Iraq;
    "Whereas Iraq continues to aid and harbor other international
      terrorist organizations, including organizations that threaten
      the lives and safety of United States citizens;
    "Whereas the attacks on the United States of September 11, 2001,
      underscored the gravity of the threat posed by the acquisition of
      weapons of mass destruction by international terrorist
      organizations;
    "Whereas Iraq's demonstrated capability and willingness to use
      weapons of mass destruction, the risk that the current Iraqi
      regime will either employ those weapons to launch a surprise
      attack against the United States or its Armed Forces or provide
      them to international terrorists who would do so, and the extreme
      magnitude of harm that would result to the United States and its
      citizens from such an attack, combine to justify action by the
      United States to defend itself;
    "Whereas United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 (1990)
      authorizes the use of all necessary means to enforce United
      Nations Security Council Resolution 660 (1990) and subsequent
      relevant resolutions and to compel Iraq to cease certain
      activities that threaten international peace and security,
      including the development of weapons of mass destruction and
      refusal or obstruction of United Nations weapons inspections in
      violation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 687
      (1991), repression of its civilian population in violation of
      United Nations Security Council Resolution 688 (1991), and
      threatening its neighbors or United Nations operations in Iraq in
      violation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 949
      (1994);
    "Whereas in the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against
      Iraq Resolution (Public Law 102-1) [set out as a note below],
      Congress has authorized the President 'to use United States Armed
      Forces pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 678
      (1990) in order to achieve implementation of Security Council
      Resolution 660, 661, 662, 664, 665, 666, 667, 669, 670, 674, and
      677';
    "Whereas in December 1991, Congress expressed its sense that it
      'supports the use of all necessary means to achieve the goals of
      United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 as being
      consistent with the Authorization of Use of Military Force
      Against Iraq Resolution (Public Law 102-1),' that Iraq's
      repression of its civilian population violates United Nations
      Security Council Resolution 688 and 'constitutes a continuing
      threat to the peace, security, and stability of the Persian Gulf
      region,' and that Congress, 'supports the use of all necessary
      means to achieve the goals of United Nations Security Council
      Resolution 688';
    "Whereas the Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-338) [22
      U.S.C. 2151 note] expressed the sense of Congress that it should
      be the policy of the United States to support efforts to remove
      from power the current Iraqi regime and promote the emergence of
      a democratic government to replace that regime;
    "Whereas on September 12, 2002, President Bush committed the United
      States to 'work with the United Nations Security Council to meet
      our common challenge' posed by Iraq and to 'work for the
      necessary resolutions,' while also making clear that 'the
      Security Council resolutions will be enforced, and the just
      demands of peace and security will be met, or action will be
      unavoidable';
    "Whereas the United States is determined to prosecute the war on
      terrorism and Iraq's ongoing support for international terrorist
      groups combined with its development of weapons of mass
      destruction in direct violation of its obligations under the 1991
      cease-fire and other United Nations Security Council resolutions
      make clear that it is in the national security interests of the
      United States and in furtherance of the war on terrorism that all
      relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions be enforced,
      including through the use of force if necessary;
    "Whereas Congress has taken steps to pursue vigorously the war on
      terrorism through the provision of authorities and funding
      requested by the President to take the necessary actions against
      international terrorists and terrorist organizations, including
      those nations, organizations, or persons who planned, authorized,
      committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on
      September 11, 2001, or harbored such persons or organizations;
    "Whereas the President and Congress are determined to continue to
      take all appropriate actions against international terrorists and
      terrorist organizations, including those nations, organizations,
      or persons who planned, authorized, committed, or aided the
      terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or
      harbored such persons or organizations;
    "Whereas the President has authority under the Constitution to take
      action in order to deter and prevent acts of international
      terrorism against the United States, as Congress recognized in
      the joint resolution on Authorization for Use of Military Force
      (Public Law 107-40) [set out as a note below]; and
    "Whereas it is in the national security interests of the United
      States to restore international peace and security to the Persian
      Gulf region: Now, therefore, be it
      Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
    States of America in Congress assembled,

      "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
      "This joint resolution may be cited as the 'Authorization for Use
    of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002'.

      "SEC. 2. SUPPORT FOR UNITED STATES DIPLOMATIC EFFORTS.
      "The Congress of the United States supports the efforts by the
    President to - 
        "(1) strictly enforce through the United Nations Security
      Council all relevant Security Council resolutions regarding Iraq
      and encourages him in those efforts; and
        "(2) obtain prompt and decisive action by the Security Council
      to ensure that Iraq abandons its strategy of delay, evasion and
      noncompliance and promptly and strictly complies with all
      relevant Security Council resolutions regarding Iraq.

      "SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES.
      "(a) Authorization. - The President is authorized to use the
    Armed Forces of the United States as he determines to be necessary
    and appropriate in order to - 
        "(1) defend the national security of the United States against
      the continuing threat posed by Iraq; and
        "(2) enforce all relevant United Nations Security Council
      resolutions regarding Iraq.
      "(b) Presidential Determination. - In connection with the
    exercise of the authority granted in subsection (a) to use force
    the President shall, prior to such exercise or as soon thereafter
    as may be feasible, but no later than 48 hours after exercising
    such authority, make available to the Speaker of the House of
    Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate his
    determination that - 
        "(1) reliance by the United States on further diplomatic or
      other peaceful means alone either (A) will not adequately protect
      the national security of the United States against the continuing
      threat posed by Iraq or (B) is not likely to lead to enforcement
      of all relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions
      regarding Iraq; and
        "(2) acting pursuant to this joint resolution is consistent
      with the United States and other countries continuing to take the
      necessary actions against international terrorist and terrorist
      organizations, including those nations, organizations, or persons
      who planned, authorized, committed or aided the terrorist attacks
      that occurred on September 11, 2001.
      "(c) War Powers Resolution Requirements. - 
        "(1) Specific statutory authorization. - Consistent with
      section 8(a)(1) of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C.
      1547(a)(1)], the Congress declares that this section is intended
      to constitute specific statutory authorization within the meaning
      of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1544(b)].
        "(2) Applicability of other requirements. - Nothing in this
      joint resolution supersedes any requirement of the War Powers
      Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.].

      "SEC. 4. REPORTS TO CONGRESS.
      "(a) Reports. - The President shall, at least once every 60 days,
    submit to the Congress a report on matters relevant to this joint
    resolution, including actions taken pursuant to the exercise of
    authority granted in section 3 and the status of planning for
    efforts that are expected to be required after such actions are
    completed, including those actions described in section 7 of the
    Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-338) [22 U.S.C. 2151
    note].
      "(b) Single Consolidated Report. - To the extent that the
    submission of any report described in subsection (a) coincides with
    the submission of any other report on matters relevant to this
    joint resolution otherwise required to be submitted to Congress
    pursuant to the reporting requirements of the War Powers Resolution
    (Public Law 93-148) [50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.], all such reports may
    be submitted as a single consolidated report to the Congress.
      "(c) Rule of Construction. - To the extent that the information
    required by section 3 of the Authorization for Use of Military
    Force Against Iraq Resolution (Public Law 102-1) [set out in a note
    below] is included in the report required by this section, such
    report shall be considered as meeting the requirements of section 3
    of such resolution."

       AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF MILITARY FORCE AGAINST SEPTEMBER 11
                                TERRORISTS
      Pub. L. 107-40, Sept. 18, 2001, 115 Stat. 224, provided that:
    "Whereas, on September 11, 2001, acts of treacherous violence were
      committed against the United States and its citizens; and
    "Whereas, such acts render it both necessary and appropriate that
      the United States exercise its rights to self-defense and to
      protect United States citizens both at home and abroad; and
    "Whereas, in light of the threat to the national security and
      foreign policy of the United States posed by these grave acts of
      violence; and
    "Whereas, such acts continue to pose an unusual and extraordinary
      threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United
      States; and
    "Whereas, the President has authority under the Constitution to
      take action to deter and prevent acts of international terrorism
      against the United States: Now, therefore, be it
      "Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
    United States of America in Congress assembled,

      "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
      "This joint resolution may be cited as the 'Authorization for Use
    of Military Force'.

      "SEC. 2. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES.
      "(a) In General. - That the President is authorized to use all
    necessary and appropriate force against those nations,
    organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized,
    committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on
    September 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in
    order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism against
    the United States by such nations, organizations or persons.
      "(b) War Powers Resolution Requirements. - 
        "(1) Specific statutory authorization. - Consistent with
      section 8(a)(1) of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C.
      1547(a)(1)], the Congress declares that this section is intended
      to constitute specific statutory authorization within the meaning
      of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1544(b)].
        "(2) Applicability of other requirements. - Nothing in this
      resolution supercedes any requirement of the War Powers
      Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.]."

      LIMITATION ON DEPLOYMENT OF ARMED FORCES IN HAITI DURING FISCAL
        YEAR 2000 AND CONGRESSIONAL NOTICE OF DEPLOYMENTS TO HAITI
      Pub. L. 106-65, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1232, Oct. 5, 1999, 113
    Stat. 788, as amended by Pub. L. 107-107, div. A, title XII, Sec.
    1222, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1253, provided that:
      "(a) Limitation on Deployment. - No funds available to the
    Department of Defense during fiscal year 2000 may be expended after
    May 31, 2000, for the continuous deployment of United States Armed
    Forces in Haiti pursuant to the Department of Defense operation
    designated as Operation Uphold Democracy.
      "[(b) Repealed. Pub. L. 107-107, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1222,
    Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1253.]"

                   INVOLVEMENT OF ARMED FORCES IN HAITI               
      Pub. L. 103-423, Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4358, provided that:

      "SECTION 1. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING UNITED STATES ARMED
        FORCES OPERATIONS IN HAITI.
      "It is the sense of Congress that - 
        "(a) the men and women of the United States Armed Forces in
      Haiti who are performing with professional excellence and
      dedicated patriotism are to be commended;
        "(b) the President should have sought and welcomed
      Congressional approval before deploying United States Armed
      Forces to Haiti;
        "(c) the departure from power of the de facto authorities in
      Haiti, and Haitian efforts to achieve national reconciliation,
      democracy and the rule of law are in the best interests of the
      Haitian people;
        "(d) the President's lifting of the unilateral economic
      sanctions on Haiti, and his efforts to bring about the lifting of
      economic sanctions imposed by the United Nations are appropriate;
      and
        "(e) Congress supports a prompt and orderly withdrawal of all
      United States Armed Forces from Haiti as soon as possible.

      "SEC. 2. PRESIDENTIAL STATEMENT OF NATIONAL SECURITY OBJECTIVES.
      "The President shall prepare and submit to the President pro
    tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of
    Representatives (hereafter, 'Congress') not later than seven days
    after enactment of this resolution [Oct. 25, 1994] a statement of
    the national security objectives to be achieved by Operation Uphold
    Democracy, and a detailed description of United States policy, the
    military mission and the general rules of engagement under which
    operations of United States Armed Forces are conducted in and
    around Haiti, including the role of United States Armed Forces
    regarding Haitian on Haitian violence, and efforts to disarm
    Haitian military or police forces, or civilians. Changes or
    modifications to such objectives, policy, military mission, or
    general rules of engagement shall be submitted to Congress within
    forty-eight hours of approval.

      "SEC. 3. REPORT ON THE SITUATION IN HAITI.
      "Not later than November 1, 1994, and monthly thereafter until
    the cessation of Operation Uphold Democracy, the President shall
    submit a report to Congress on the situation in Haiti, including - 
        "(a) a listing of the units of the United States Armed Forces
      and of the police and military units of other nations
      participating in operations in and around Haiti;
        "(b) the estimated duration of Operation Uphold Democracy and
      progress toward the withdrawal of all United States Armed Forces
      from Haiti consistent with the goal of section 1(e) of this
      resolution;
        "(c) armed incidents or the use of force in or around Haiti
      involving United States Armed Forces or Coast Guard personnel in
      the time period covered by the report;
        "(d) the estimated cumulative incremental cost of all United
      States activities subsequent to September 30, 1993, in and around
      Haiti, including but not limited to - 
          "(1) the cost of all deployments of United States Armed
        Forces and Coast Guard personnel, training, exercises,
        mobilization, and preparation activities, including the
        preparation of police and military units of the other nations
        of the multinational force involved in enforcement of
        sanctions, limits on migration, establishment and maintenance
        of migrant facilities at Guantanamo Bay and elsewhere, and all
        other activities relating to operations in and around Haiti;
        and
          "(2) the costs of all other activities relating to United
        States policy toward Haiti, including humanitarian assistance,
        reconstruction, aid and other financial assistance, and all
        other costs to the United States Government;
        "(e) a detailed accounting of the source of funds obligated or
      expended to meet the costs described in subparagraph (d),
      including - 
          "(1) in the case of funds expended from the Department of
        Defense budget, a breakdown by military service or defense
        agency, line item and program, and
          "(2) in the case of funds expended from the budgets of
        departments and agencies other than the Department of Defense,
        by department or agency and program;
        "(f) the Administration plan for financing the costs of the
      operations and the impact on readiness without supplemental
      funding;
        "(g) a description of the situation in Haiti, including - 
          "(1) the security situation;
          "(2) the progress made in transferring the functions of
        government to the democratically elected government of Haiti;
        and
          "(3) progress toward holding free and fair parliamentary
        elections;
        "(h) a description of issues relating to the United Nations
      Mission in Haiti (UNMIH), including - 
          "(1) the preparedness of the United Nations Mission in Haiti
        (UNMIH) to deploy to Haiti to assume its functions;
          "(2) troop commitments by other nations to UNMIH;
          "(3) the anticipated cost to the United States of
        participation in UNMIH, including payments to the United
        Nations and financial, material and other assistance to UNMIH;
          "(4) proposed or actual participation of United States Armed
        Forces in UNMIH;
          "(5) proposed command arrangements for UNMIH, including
        proposed or actual placement of United States Armed Forces
        under foreign command; and
          "(6) the anticipated duration of UNMIH.

      "SEC. 4. REPORT ON HUMAN RIGHTS.
      "Not later than January 1, 1995, the Secretary of State shall
    report to Congress on the participation or involvement of any
    member of the de jure or de facto Haitian government in violations
    of internationally-recognized human rights from December 15, 1990,
    to December 15, 1994.

      "SEC. 5. REPORT ON UNITED STATES AGREEMENTS.
      "Not later than November 15, 1994, the Secretary of State shall
    provide a comprehensive report to Congress on all agreements the
    United States has entered into with other nations, including any
    assistance pledged or provided, in connection with United States
    efforts in Haiti. Such report shall also include information on any
    agreements or commitments relating to United Nations Security
    Council actions concerning Haiti since 1992.

      "SEC. 6. TRANSITION TO UNITED NATIONS MISSION IN HAITI.
      "Nothing in this resolution should be construed or interpreted to
    constitute Congressional approval or disapproval of the
    participation of United States Armed Forces in the United Nations
    Mission in Haiti."

                  INVOLVEMENT OF ARMED FORCES IN SOMALIA              
      Pub. L. 103-160, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1512, Nov. 30, 1993, 107
    Stat. 1840, provided that:
      "(a) Sense of Congress Regarding United States Policy Toward
    Somalia. - 
        "(1) Since United States Armed Forces made significant
      contributions under Operation Restore Hope towards the
      establishment of a secure environment for humanitarian relief
      operations and restoration of peace in the region to end the
      humanitarian disaster that had claimed more than 300,000 lives.
        "(2) Since the mission of United States forces in support of
      the United Nations appears to be evolving from the establishment
      of 'a secure environment for humanitarian relief operations,' as
      set out in United Nations Security Council Resolution 794 of
      December 3, 1992, to one of internal security and nation
      building.
      "(b) Statement of Congressional Policy. - 
        "(1) Consultation with the congress. - The President should
      consult closely with the Congress regarding United States policy
      with respect to Somalia, including in particular the deployment
      of United States Armed Forces in that country, whether under
      United Nations or United States command.
        "(2) Planning. - The United States shall facilitate the
      assumption of the functions of United States forces by the United
      Nations.
        "(3) Reporting requirement. - 
          "(A) The President shall ensure that the goals and objectives
        supporting deployment of United States forces to Somalia and a
        description of the mission, command arrangements, size,
        functions, location, and anticipated duration in Somalia of
        those forces are clearly articulated and provided in a detailed
        report to the Congress by October 15, 1993.
          "(B) Such report shall include the status of planning to
        transfer the function contained in paragraph (2).
        "(4) Congressional approval. - Upon reporting under the
      requirements of paragraph (3) Congress believes the President
      should by November 15, 1993, seek and receive congressional
      authorization in order for the deployment of United States forces
      to Somalia to continue."

       DURATION OF AUTHORIZATION FOR UNITED STATES PARTICIPATION IN
                      MULTINATIONAL FORCE IN SOMALIA
      Pub. L. 103-139, title VIII, Sec. 8151, Nov. 11, 1993, 107 Stat.
    1475, provided that:
      "(a) The Congress finds that - 
        "(1) the United States entered into Operation Restore Hope in
      December of 1992 for the purpose of relieving mass starvation in
      Somalia;
        "(2) the original mission in Somalia, to secure the environment
      for humanitarian relief, had the unanimous support of the Senate,
      expressed in Senate Joint Resolution 45, passed on February 4,
      1993, and was endorsed by the House when it amended S.J. Res. 45
      on May 25, 1993;
        "(3) Operation Restore Hope was being successfully accomplished
      by United States forces, working with forces of other nations,
      when it was replaced by the UNOSOM II mission, assumed by the
      United Nations on May 4, 1993, pursuant to United Nations
      Resolution 814 of March 26, 1993;
        "(4) neither the expanded United Nations mission of national
      reconciliation, nor the broad mission of disarming the clans, nor
      any other mission not essential to the performance of the
      humanitarian mission has been endorsed or approved by the Senate;
        "(5) the expanded mission of the United Nations was, subsequent
      to an attack upon United Nations forces, diverted into a mission
      aimed primarily at capturing certain persons, pursuant to United
      Nations Security Council Resolution 837, of June 6, 1993;
        "(6) the actions of hostile elements in Mogadishu, and the
      United Nations mission to subdue those elements, have resulted in
      open conflict in the city of Mogadishu and the deaths of 29
      Americans, at least 159 wounded, and the capture of American
      personnel; and
        "(7) during fiscal years 1992 and 1993, the United States
      incurred expenses in excess of $1,100,000,000 to support
      operations in Somalia.
      "(b) The Congress approves the use of United States Armed Forces
    in Somalia for the following purposes:
        "(1) The protection of United States personnel and bases; and
        "(2) The provision of assistance in securing open lines of
      communication for the free flow of supplies and relief operations
      through the provision of - 
          "(A) United States military logistical support services to
        United Nations forces; and
          "(B) United States combat forces in a security role and as an
        interim force protection supplement to United Nations units:
        Provided, That funds appropriated, or otherwise made available,
        in this or any other Act to the Department of Defense may be
        obligated for expenses incurred only through March 31, 1994,
        for the operations of United States Armed Forces in Somalia:
        Provided further, That such date may be extended if so
        requested by the President and authorized by the Congress:
        Provided further, That funds may be obligated beyond March 31,
        1994 to support a limited number of United States military
        personnel sufficient only to protect American diplomatic
        facilities and American citizens, and noncombat personnel to
        advise the United Nations commander in Somalia: Provided
        further, That United States combat forces in Somalia shall be
        under the command and control of United States commanders under
        the ultimate direction of the President of the United States:
        Provided further, That the President should intensify efforts
        to have United Nations member countries immediately deploy
        additional troops to Somalia to fulfill previous force
        commitments made to the United Nations and to deploy additional
        forces to assume the security missions of United States Armed
        Forces: Provided further, That - 
            "(i) captured United States personnel in Somalia should be
          treated humanely and fairly; and
            "(ii) the United States and the United Nations should make
          all appropriate efforts to ensure the immediate and safe
          return of any future captured United States personnel:
          Provided further, That the President should ensure that, at
          all times, United States military personnel in Somalia have
          the capacity to defend themselves, and American citizens:
          Provided further, That the United States Armed Forces should
          remain deployed in or around Somalia until such time as all
          American service personnel missing in action in Somalia are
          accounted for, and all American service personnel held
          prisoner in Somalia are released: Provided further, That
          nothing herein shall be deemed to restrict in any way the
          authority of the President under the Constitution to protect
          the lives of Americans."

      AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF MILITARY FORCE AGAINST IRAQ RESOLUTION  
      Pub. L. 102-1, Jan. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 3, as amended by Pub. L.
    106-113, div. B, Sec. 1000(a)(7) [div. A, title II, Sec. 207], Nov.
    29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A-422, provided that:
    "Whereas the Government of Iraq without provocation invaded and
      occupied the territory of Kuwait on August 2, 1990;
    "Whereas both the House of Representatives (in H.J. Res. 658 of the
      101st Congress) and the Senate (in S. Con. Res. 147 of the 101st
      Congress) have condemned Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and declared
      their support for international action to reverse Iraq's
      aggression;
    "Whereas, Iraq's conventional, chemical, biological, and nuclear
      weapons and ballistic missile programs and its demonstrated
      willingness to use weapons of mass destruction pose a grave
      threat to world peace;
    "Whereas the international community has demanded that Iraq
      withdraw unconditionally and immediately from Kuwait and that
      Kuwait's independence and legitimate government be restored;
    "Whereas the United Nations Security Council repeatedly affirmed
      the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense in
      response to the armed attack by Iraq against Kuwait in accordance
      with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter;
    "Whereas, in the absence of full compliance by Iraq with its
      resolutions, the United Nations Security Council in Resolution
      678 has authorized member states of the United Nations to use all
      necessary means, after January 15, 1991, to uphold and implement
      all relevant Security Council resolutions and to restore
      international peace and security in the area; and
    "Whereas Iraq has persisted in its illegal occupation of, and
      brutal aggression against Kuwait: Now, therefore, be it
      "Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
    United States of America in Congress assembled,

      "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
      "This joint resolution may be cited as the 'Authorization for Use
    of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution'.

      "SEC. 2. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES.
      "(a) Authorization. - The President is authorized, subject to
    subsection (b), to use United States Armed Forces pursuant to
    United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 (1990) in order to
    achieve implementation of Security Council Resolutions 660, 661,
    662, 664, 665, 666, 667, 669, 670, 674, and 677.
      "(b) Requirement for Determination That Use of Military Force Is
    Necessary. - Before exercising the authority granted in subsection
    (a), the President shall make available to the Speaker of the House
    of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate his
    determination that - 
        "(1) the United States has used all appropriate diplomatic and
      other peaceful means to obtain compliance by Iraq with the United
      Nations Security Council resolutions cited in subsection (a); and
        "(2) that those efforts have not been and would not be
      successful in obtaining such compliance.
      "(c) War Powers Resolution Requirements. - 
        "(1) Specific statutory authorization. - Consistent with
      section 8(a)(1) of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C.
      1547(a)(1)], the Congress declares that this section is intended
      to constitute specific statutory authorization within the meaning
      of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1544(b)].
        "(2) Applicability of other requirements. - Nothing in this
      resolution supersedes any requirement of the War Powers
      Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.].

      "SEC. 3. REPORTS TO CONGRESS.
      "At least once every 90 days, the President shall submit to the
    Congress a summary on the status of efforts to obtain compliance by
    Iraq with the resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security
    Council in response to Iraq's aggression."

    INTRODUCTION OF UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES INTO CENTRAL AMERICA FOR
                                  COMBAT
      Pub. L. 98-525, title III, Sec. 310, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat.
    2516, provided that:
      "(a) The Congress makes the following findings:
        "(1) The President has stated that there is no need to
      introduce United States Armed Forces into Central America for
      combat and that he has no intention of doing so.
        "(2) The President of El Salvador has stated that there is no
      need for United States Armed Forces to conduct combat operations
      in El Salvador and that he has no intention of asking that they
      do so.
        "(3) The possibility of the introduction of United States Armed
      Forces into Central America for combat raises very grave concern
      in the Congress and the American people.
      "(b) It is the sense of Congress that - 
        "(1) United States Armed Forces should not be introduced into
      or over the countries of Central America for combat; and
        "(2) if circumstances change from those present on the date of
      the enactment of this Act and the President believes that those
      changed circumstances require the introduction of United States
      Armed Forces into or over a country of Central America for
      combat, the President should consult with Congress before any
      decision to so introduce United States Armed Forces and any such
      introduction of United States Armed Forces must comply with the
      War Powers Resolution [this chapter]."

      Pub. L. 98-473, title I, Sec. 101(h) [title VIII, Sec. 8101],
    Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1904, 1942, provided that:
      "(a) The Congress makes the following findings:
        "(1) The President has stated that there is no need to
      introduce United States Armed Forces into Central America for
      combat and that he has no intention of doing so.
        "(2) The President of El Salvador has stated that there is no
      need for United States Armed Forces to conduct combat operations
      in El Salvador and that he has no intention of asking that they
      do so.
        "(3) The possibility of the introduction of United States Armed
      Forces into Central America for combat raises very grave concern
      in the Congress and the American people.
      "(b) It is the sense of Congress that - 
        "(1) United States Armed Forces should not be introduced into
      or over the countries of Central America for combat; and
        "(2) if circumstances change from those present on the date of
      the enactment of this Act [Oct. 12, 1984] and the President
      believes that those changed circumstances require the
      introduction of United States Armed Forces into or over a country
      of Central America for combat, the President should consult with
      Congress before any decision to so introduce United States Armed
      Forces and any such introduction of United States Armed Forces
      must comply with the War Powers Resolution [this chapter]."

                 MULTINATIONAL FORCE IN LEBANON RESOLUTION             
      Pub. L. 98-119, Oct. 12, 1983, 97 Stat. 805, provided that:

                               "SHORT TITLE                           
      "Section 1. This joint resolution may be cited as the
    'Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution'.

                           "FINDINGS AND PURPOSE                       
      "Sec. 2. (a) The Congress finds that - 
        "(1) the removal of all foreign forces from Lebanon is an
      essential United States foreign policy objective in the Middle
      East;
        "(2) in order to restore full control by the Government of
      Lebanon over its own territory, the United States is currently
      participating in the multinational peacekeeping force (hereafter
      in this resolution referred to as the 'Multinational Force in
      Lebanon') which was established in accordance with the exchange
      of letters between the Governments of the United States and
      Lebanon dated September 25, 1982;
        "(3) the Multinational Force in Lebanon better enables the
      Government of Lebanon to establish its unity, independence, and
      territorial integrity;
        "(4) progress toward national political reconciliation in
      Lebanon is necessary; and
        "(5) United States Armed Forces participating in the
      Multinational Force in Lebanon are now in hostilities requiring
      authorization of their continued presence under the War Powers
      Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.].
      "(b) The Congress determines that the requirements of section
    4(a)(1) of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1543(a)(1)] became
    operative on August 29, 1983. Consistent with section 5(b) of the
    War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1544(b)], the purpose of this
    joint resolution is to authorize the continued participation of
    United States Armed Forces in the Multinational Force in Lebanon.
      "(c) The Congress intends this joint resolution to constitute the
    necessary specific statutory authorization under the War Powers
    Resolution for continued participation by United States Armed
    Forces in the Multinational Force in Lebanon.

     "AUTHORIZATION FOR CONTINUED PARTICIPATION OF UNITED STATES ARMED
               FORCES IN THE MULTINATIONAL FORCE IN LEBANON
      "Sec. 3. The President is authorized, for purposes of section
    5(b) of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1544(b)], to continue
    participation by United States Armed Forces in the Multinational
    Force in Lebanon, subject to the provisions of section 6 of this
    joint resolution. Such participation shall be limited to
    performance of the functions, and shall be subject to the
    limitations, specified in the agreement establishing the
    Multinational Force in Lebanon as set forth in the exchange of
    letters between the Governments of the United States and Lebanon
    dated September 25, 1982, except that this shall not preclude such
    protective measures as may be necessary to ensure the safety of the
    Multinational Force in Lebanon.

                         "REPORTS TO THE CONGRESS                     
      "Sec. 4. As required by section 4(c) of the War Powers Resolution
    [50 U.S.C. 1543(c)], the President shall report periodically to the
    Congress with respect to the situation in Lebanon, but in no event
    shall he report less often than once every three months. In
    addition to providing the information required by that section on
    the status, scope, and duration of hostilities involving United
    States Armed Forces, such reports shall describe in detail - 
        "(1) the activities being performed by the Multinational Force
      in Lebanon;
        "(2) the present composition of the Multinational Force in
      Lebanon, including a description of the responsibilities and
      deployment of the armed forces of each participating country;
        "(3) the results of efforts to reduce and eventually eliminate
      the Multinational Force in Lebanon;
        "(4) how continued United States participation in the
      Multinational Force in Lebanon is advancing United States foreign
      policy interests in the Middle East; and
        "(5) what progress has occurred toward national political
      reconciliation among all Lebanese groups.

                           "STATEMENTS OF POLICY                       
      "Sec. 5. (a) The Congress declares that the participation of the
    armed forces of other countries in the Multinational Force in
    Lebanon is essential to maintain the international character of the
    peacekeeping function in Lebanon.
      "(b) The Congress believes that it should continue to be the
    policy of the United States to promote continuing discussions with
    Israel, Syria, and Lebanon with the objective of bringing about the
    withdrawal of all foreign troops from Lebanon and establishing an
    environment which will permit the Lebanese Armed Forces to carry
    out their responsibilities in the Beirut area.
      "(c) It is the sense of the Congress that, not later than one
    year after the date of enactment of this joint resolution [Oct. 12,
    1983] and at least once a year thereafter, the United States should
    discuss with the other members of the Security Council of the
    United Nations the establishment of a United Nations peacekeeping
    force to assume the responsibilities of the Multinational Force in
    Lebanon. An analysis of the implications of the response to such
    discussions for the continuation of the Multinational Force in
    Lebanon shall be included in the reports required under paragraph
    (3) of section 4 of this resolution.

     "DURATION OF AUTHORIZATION FOR UNITED STATES PARTICIPATION IN THE
                      MULTINATIONAL FORCE IN LEBANON
      "Sec. 6. The participation of United States Armed Forces in the
    Multinational Force in Lebanon shall be authorized for purposes of
    the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.] until the end of
    the eighteen-month period beginning on the date of enactment of
    this resolution [Oct. 12, 1983] unless the Congress extends such
    authorization, except that such authorization shall terminate
    sooner upon the occurrence of any one of the following:
        "(1) the withdrawal of all foreign forces from Lebanon, unless
      the President determines and certifies to the Congress that
      continued United States Armed Forces participation in the
      Multinational Force in Lebanon is required after such withdrawal
      in order to accomplish the purposes specified in the September
      25, 1982, exchange of letters providing for the establishment of
      the Multinational Force in Lebanon; or
        "(2) the assumption by the United Nations or the Government of
      Lebanon of the responsibilities of the Multinational Force in
      Lebanon; or
        "(3) the implementation of other effective security
      arrangements in the area; or
        "(4) the withdrawal of all other countries from participation
      in the Multinational Force in Lebanon.

                    "INTERPRETATION OF THIS RESOLUTION                
      "Sec. 7. (a) Nothing in this joint resolution shall preclude the
    President from withdrawing United States Armed Forces participation
    in the Multinational Force in Lebanon if circumstances warrant, and
    nothing in this joint resolution shall preclude the Congress by
    joint resolution from directing such a withdrawal.
      "(b) Nothing in this joint resolution modifies, limits, or
    supersedes any provision of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C.
    1541 et seq.] or the requirement of section 4(a) of the Lebanon
    Emergency Assistance Act of 1983, relating to congressional
    authorization for any substantial expansion in the number or role
    of United States Armed Forces in Lebanon.

             "CONGRESSIONAL PRIORITY PROCEDURES FOR AMENDMENTS         
      "Sec. 8. (a) Any joint resolution or bill introduced to amend or
    repeal this Act shall be referred to the Committee on Foreign
    Affairs [now Committee on International Relations] of the House of
    Representatives or the Committee on Foreign Relations of the
    Senate, as the case may be. Such joint resolution or bill shall be
    considered by such committee within fifteen calendar days and may
    be reported out, together with its recommendations, unless such
    House shall otherwise determine pursuant to its rules.
      "(b) Any joint resolution or bill so reported shall become the
    pending business of the House in question (in the case of the
    Senate the time for debate shall be equally divided between the
    proponents and the opponents) and shall be voted on within three
    calendar days thereafter, unless such House shall otherwise
    determine by the yeas and nays.
      "(c) Such a joint resolution or bill passed by one House shall be
    referred to the committee of the other House named in subsection
    (a) and shall be reported out by such committee together with its
    recommendations within fifteen calendar days and shall thereupon
    become the pending business of such House and shall be voted upon
    within three calendar days, unless such House shall otherwise
    determine by the yeas and nays.
      "(d) In the case of any disagreement between the two Houses of
    Congress with respect to a joint resolution or bill passed by both
    Houses, conferees shall be promptly appointed and the committee of
    conference shall make and file a report with respect to such joint
    resolution within six calendar days after the legislation is
    referred to the committee of conference. Notwithstanding any rule
    in either House concerning the printing of conference reports in
    the Record or concerning any delay in the consideration of such
    reports, such report shall be acted on by both Houses not later
    than six calendar days after the conference report is filed. In the
    event the conferees are unable to agree within forty-eight hours,
    they shall report back to their respective Houses in disagreement."

                    ADHERENCE TO WAR POWERS RESOLUTION                
      Pub. L. 96-342, title X, Sec. 1008, Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1122,
    provided that: "Whereas, the National Command Authority must have
    the capacity to carry out any military mission which is essential
    to the national security of the United States having in its hands
    in the Rapid Deployment Force an increased capability to extend the
    reach of our military power in an expedited manner; and whereas,
    without the significant safeguard of the War Powers Resolution
    (Public Law 93-148) [this chapter], United States foreign and
    defense policies could be subject to misinterpretation; it is
    therefore the sense of the Congress that the provisions of the War
    Powers Resolution be strictly adhered to and that the congressional
    consultation process specified by such Resolution be utilized
    strictly according to the terms of the War Powers Resolution."

-EXEC-
                 DELEGATION OF CERTAIN REPORTING AUTHORITY             
      Memorandum of President of the United States, July 2, 2004, 69
    F.R. 43723, provided:
      Memorandum for the Secretary of State
      By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution
    and laws of the United States, including section 301 of title 3,
    United States Code, I hereby delegate to you the functions and
    authority conferred upon the President by section 4 of the
    Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of
    2002, Public Law 107-243 [set out in a note above], and by section
    3 of the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq
    Resolution, Public Law 102-1 [set out in a note above], to make the
    specified reports to the Congress.
      You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the
    Federal Register.
                                                         George W. Bush.

-End-

-CITE-
    50 USC Sec. 1542                                            01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
    CHAPTER 33 - WAR POWERS RESOLUTION

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1542. Consultation; initial and regular consultations

-STATUTE-
      The President in every possible instance shall consult with
    Congress before introducing United States Armed Forces into
    hostilities or into situations where imminent involvement in
    hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, and after
    every such introduction shall consult regularly with the Congress
    until United States Armed Forces are no longer engaged in
    hostilities or have been removed from such situations.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 93-148, Sec. 3, Nov. 7, 1973, 87 Stat. 555.)

-End-

-CITE-
    50 USC Sec. 1543                                            01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
    CHAPTER 33 - WAR POWERS RESOLUTION

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1543. Reporting requirement

-STATUTE-
    (a) Written report; time of submission; circumstances necessitating
      submission; information reported
      In the absence of a declaration of war, in any case in which
    United States Armed Forces are introduced - 
        (1) into hostilities or into situations where imminent
      involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the
      circumstances;
        (2) into the territory, airspace or waters of a foreign nation,
      while equipped for combat, except for deployments which relate
      solely to supply, replacement, repair, or training of such
      forces; or
        (3) in numbers which substantially enlarge United States Armed
      Forces equipped for combat already located in a foreign nation;

    the President shall submit within 48 hours to the Speaker of the
    House of Representatives and to the President pro tempore of the
    Senate a report, in writing, setting forth - 
        (A) the circumstances necessitating the introduction of United
      States Armed Forces;
        (B) the constitutional and legislative authority under which
      such introduction took place; and
        (C) the estimated scope and duration of the hostilities or
      involvement.
    (b) Other information reported
      The President shall provide such other information as the
    Congress may request in the fulfillment of its constitutional
    responsibilities with respect to committing the Nation to war and
    to the use of United States Armed Forces abroad.
    (c) Periodic reports; semiannual requirement
      Whenever United States Armed Forces are introduced into
    hostilities or into any situation described in subsection (a) of
    this section, the President shall, so long as such armed forces
    continue to be engaged in such hostilities or situation, report to
    the Congress periodically on the status of such hostilities or
    situation as well as on the scope and duration of such hostilities
    or situation, but in no event shall he report to the Congress less
    often than once every six months.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 93-148, Sec. 4, Nov. 7, 1973, 87 Stat. 555.)

-End-

-CITE-
    50 USC Sec. 1544                                            01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
    CHAPTER 33 - WAR POWERS RESOLUTION

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1544. Congressional action

-STATUTE-
    (a) Transmittal of report and referral to Congressional committees;
      joint request for convening Congress
      Each report submitted pursuant to section 1543(a)(1) of this
    title shall be transmitted to the Speaker of the House of
    Representatives and to the President pro tempore of the Senate on
    the same calendar day. Each report so transmitted shall be referred
    to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives
    and to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate for
    appropriate action. If, when the report is transmitted, the
    Congress has adjourned sine die or has adjourned for any period in
    excess of three calendar days, the Speaker of the House of
    Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate, if
    they deem it advisable (or if petitioned by at least 30 percent of
    the membership of their respective Houses) shall jointly request
    the President to convene Congress in order that it may consider the
    report and take appropriate action pursuant to this section.
    (b) Termination of use of United States Armed Forces; exceptions;
      extension period
      Within sixty calendar days after a report is submitted or is
    required to be submitted pursuant to section 1543(a)(1) of this
    title, whichever is earlier, the President shall terminate any use
    of United States Armed Forces with respect to which such report was
    submitted (or required to be submitted), unless the Congress (1)
    has declared war or has enacted a specific authorization for such
    use of United States Armed Forces, (2) has extended by law such
    sixty-day period, or (3) is physically unable to meet as a result
    of an armed attack upon the United States. Such sixty-day period
    shall be extended for not more than an additional thirty days if
    the President determines and certifies to the Congress in writing
    that unavoidable military necessity respecting the safety of United
    States Armed Forces requires the continued use of such armed forces
    in the course of bringing about a prompt removal of such forces.
    (c) Concurrent resolution for removal by President of United States
      Armed Forces
      Notwithstanding subsection (b) of this section, at any time that
    United States Armed Forces are engaged in hostilities outside the
    territory of the United States, its possessions and territories
    without a declaration of war or specific statutory authorization,
    such forces shall be removed by the President if the Congress so
    directs by concurrent resolution.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 93-148, Sec. 5, Nov. 7, 1973, 87 Stat. 556.)

-CHANGE-
                              CHANGE OF NAME                          
      Committee on Foreign Affairs of House of Representatives treated
    as referring to Committee on International Relations of House of
    Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104-14, set out as a
    note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress.

-End-

-CITE-
    50 USC Sec. 1545                                            01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
    CHAPTER 33 - WAR POWERS RESOLUTION

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1545. Congressional priority procedures for joint resolution
      or bill

-STATUTE-
    (a) Time requirement; referral to Congressional committee; single
      report
      Any joint resolution or bill introduced pursuant to section
    1544(b) of this title at least thirty calendar days before the
    expiration of the sixty-day period specified in such section shall
    be referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
    Representatives or the Committee on Foreign Relations of the
    Senate, as the case may be, and such committee shall report one
    such joint resolution or bill, together with its recommendations,
    not later than twenty-four calendar days before the expiration of
    the sixty-day period specified in such section, unless such House
    shall otherwise determine by the yeas and nays.
    (b) Pending business; vote
      Any joint resolution or bill so reported shall become the pending
    business of the House in question (in the case of the Senate the
    time for debate shall be equally divided between the proponents and
    the opponents), and shall be voted on within three calendar days
    thereafter, unless such House shall otherwise determine by yeas and
    nays.
    (c) Referral to other House committee
      Such a joint resolution or bill passed by one House shall be
    referred to the committee of the other House named in subsection
    (a) of this section and shall be reported out not later than
    fourteen calendar days before the expiration of the sixty-day
    period specified in section 1544(b) of this title. The joint
    resolution or bill so reported shall become the pending business of
    the House in question and shall be voted on within three calendar
    days after it has been reported, unless such House shall otherwise
    determine by yeas and nays.
    (d) Disagreement between Houses
      In the case of any disagreement between the two Houses of
    Congress with respect to a joint resolution or bill passed by both
    Houses, conferees shall be promptly appointed and the committee of
    conference shall make and file a report with respect to such
    resolution or bill not later than four calendar days before the
    expiration of the sixty-day period specified in section 1544(b) of
    this title. In the event the conferees are unable to agree within
    48 hours, they shall report back to their respective Houses in
    disagreement. Notwithstanding any rule in either House concerning
    the printing of conference reports in the Record or concerning any
    delay in the consideration of such reports, such report shall be
    acted on by both Houses not later than the expiration of such sixty-
    day period.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 93-148, Sec. 6, Nov. 7, 1973, 87 Stat. 557.)

-CHANGE-
                              CHANGE OF NAME                          
      Committee on Foreign Affairs of House of Representatives treated
    as referring to Committee on International Relations of House of
    Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104-14, set out as a
    note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress.

-End-

-CITE-
    50 USC Sec. 1546                                            01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
    CHAPTER 33 - WAR POWERS RESOLUTION

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1546. Congressional priority procedures for concurrent
      resolution

-STATUTE-
    (a) Referral to Congressional committee; single report
      Any concurrent resolution introduced pursuant to section 1544(c)
    of this title shall be referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs
    of the House of Representatives or the Committee on Foreign
    Relations of the Senate, as the case may be, and one such
    concurrent resolution shall be reported out by such committee
    together with its recommendations within fifteen calendar days,
    unless such House shall otherwise determine by the yeas and nays.
    (b) Pending business; vote
      Any concurrent resolution so reported shall become the pending
    business of the House in question (in the case of the Senate the
    time for debate shall be equally divided between the proponents and
    the opponents) and shall be voted on within three calendar days
    thereafter, unless such House shall otherwise determine by yeas and
    nays.
    (c) Referral to other House committee
      Such a concurrent resolution passed by one House shall be
    referred to the committee of the other House named in subsection
    (a) of this section and shall be reported out by such committee
    together with its recommendations within fifteen calendar days and
    shall thereupon become the pending business of such House and shall
    be voted upon within three calendar days, unless such House shall
    otherwise determine by yeas and nays.
    (d) Disagreement between Houses
      In the case of any disagreement between the two Houses of
    Congress with respect to a concurrent resolution passed by both
    Houses, conferees shall be promptly appointed and the committee of
    conference shall make and file a report with respect to such
    concurrent resolution within six calendar days after the
    legislation is referred to the committee of conference.
    Notwithstanding any rule in either House concerning the printing of
    conference reports in the Record or concerning any delay in the
    consideration of such reports, such report shall be acted on by
    both Houses not later than six calendar days after the conference
    report is filed. In the event the conferees are unable to agree
    within 48 hours, they shall report back to their respective Houses
    in disagreement.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 93-148, Sec. 7, Nov. 7, 1973, 87 Stat. 557.)

-CHANGE-
                              CHANGE OF NAME                          
      Committee on Foreign Affairs of House of Representatives treated
    as referring to Committee on International Relations of House of
    Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104-14, set out as a
    note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress.

-End-

-CITE-
    50 USC Sec. 1546a                                           01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
    CHAPTER 33 - WAR POWERS RESOLUTION

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1546a. Expedited procedures for certain joint resolutions and
      bills

-STATUTE-
      Any joint resolution or bill introduced in either House which
    requires the removal of United States Armed Forces engaged in
    hostilities outside the territory of the United States, its
    possessions and territories, without a declaration of war or
    specific statutory authorization shall be considered in accordance
    with the procedures of section 601(b) of the International Security
    Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976, except that any
    such resolution or bill shall be amendable. If such a joint
    resolution or bill should be vetoed by the President, the time for
    debate in consideration of the veto message on such measure shall
    be limited to twenty hours in the Senate and in the House shall be
    determined in accordance with the Rules of the House.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 98-164, title X, Sec. 1013, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1062.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      Section 601(b) of the International Security Assistance and Arms
    Export Control Act of 1976, referred to in text, is section 601(b)
    of Pub. L. 94-329, title VI, June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 765, which was
    not classified to the Code.

-COD-
                               CODIFICATION                           
      Section was enacted as part of the Department of State
    Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985, and not as part of
    the War Powers Resolution which comprises this chapter.

-End-

-CITE-
    50 USC Sec. 1547                                            01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
    CHAPTER 33 - WAR POWERS RESOLUTION

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1547. Interpretation of joint resolution

-STATUTE-
    (a) Inferences from any law or treaty
      Authority to introduce United States Armed Forces into
    hostilities or into situations wherein involvement in hostilities
    is clearly indicated by the circumstances shall not be inferred - 
        (1) from any provision of law (whether or not in effect before
      November 7, 1973), including any provision contained in any
      appropriation Act, unless such provision specifically authorizes
      the introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities
      or into such situations and states that it is intended to
      constitute specific statutory authorization within the meaning of
      this chapter; or
        (2) from any treaty heretofore or hereafter ratified unless
      such treaty is implemented by legislation specifically
      authorizing the introduction of United States Armed Forces into
      hostilities or into such situations and stating that it is
      intended to constitute specific statutory authorization within
      the meaning of this chapter.
    (b) Joint headquarters operations of high-level military commands
      Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require any further
    specific statutory authorization to permit members of United States
    Armed Forces to participate jointly with members of the armed
    forces of one or more foreign countries in the headquarters
    operations of high-level military commands which were established
    prior to November 7, 1973, and pursuant to the United Nations
    Charter or any treaty ratified by the United States prior to such
    date.
    (c) Introduction of United States Armed Forces
      For purposes of this chapter, the term "introduction of United
    States Armed Forces" includes the assignment of members of such
    armed forces to command, coordinate, participate in the movement
    of, or accompany the regular or irregular military forces of any
    foreign country or government when such military forces are
    engaged, or there exists an imminent threat that such forces will
    become engaged, in hostilities.
    (d) Constitutional authorities or existing treaties unaffected;
      construction against grant of Presidential authority respecting
      use of United States Armed Forces
      Nothing in this chapter - 
        (1) is intended to alter the constitutional authority of the
      Congress or of the President, or the provisions of existing
      treaties; or
        (2) shall be construed as granting any authority to the
      President with respect to the introduction of United States Armed
      Forces into hostilities or into situations wherein involvement in
      hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances which
      authority he would not have had in the absence of this chapter.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 93-148, Sec. 8, Nov. 7, 1973, 87 Stat. 558.)

-End-

-CITE-
    50 USC Sec. 1548                                            01/02/2006

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
    CHAPTER 33 - WAR POWERS RESOLUTION

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1548. Separability

-STATUTE-
      If any provision of this chapter or the application thereof to
    any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the
    chapter and the application of such provision to any other person
    or circumstance shall not be affected thereby.

-SOURCE-
    (Pub. L. 93-148, Sec. 9, Nov. 7, 1973, 87 Stat. 559.)

-End-