BEE-spoke-data/govdocs1-by-extension huggingface dataset:
Katopodis, C. and N. Rajaratnam (1983).  A review and laboratory study of the 
hydraulics of Denil fishways. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic 
Sciences.  1145:1-181.
	
The development of Denil fishways is reviewed and the hydraulics of three Denil 
designs, referred to as Denil 1, 2 and 3, are studied experimentally and 
analytically. The very turbulent nature of the flow in the fishways is described 
and extensive velocity measurements are presented. Velocity profiles in the 
centerline of Denil 1 and 2 are distinct and display characteristic shapes 
amenable to similarity analysis, while velocity profiles for Denil 3 are 
inconclusive in this respect. Depth averaged velocities through the fishways are 
found to be only 11% to 14% of the average velocities expected in rectangular 
channels of the same dimensions. Energy dissipation in the three fishways is 
high. For slopes of 20% or more the fishways are more efficient than a hydraulic 
jump in dissipating flow energy. At lower slopes, the fishways create flow 
resistance conditions that are similar to those of boulder-filled headwater 
streams. A semi-empirical method is developed for the design of Denil fishways 
involving a fluid friction coefficient.
QUESTION:
Are there any obvious holes in my theory of Mars evolution?

At one time Mars was covered with water ice and had a denser atmosphere, but
intense volcanic eruptions from Mt. Olympus or in combination with other
volcanos covered the planet with soot and ash. Barnacle Bill is volcanic
andesite feldspar and quartz and Yogi is basically basalt, therefore
probably volcanic ejecta. These catacysmic events created a green house
effect and melted the ice causing floods and eventually after the dust
settled destroyed most of the protective atmosphere. The water evaporated
into space over time and left the rusty, dusty planes of today. Rust which
you know is the result of iron oxidation, changing an Oygen rich envornment
into predominantely carbon dioxide. With polar ice the only remaining along
with vast underground water sheds. Amino acid or algea were able to
reproduce, possibly plants and microbes. but the hostile environment from
massive eruptions interrupted the lifeycle.

ANSWER from Peter Thomas on August 1, 1997:
Concerning Mars history, especially volcanoes, floods, and such:

Olympus Mons, and some other volcanoes, probably post date flood channels of
the main outflows.  The outflow channels also, seem to orginate from ground
water/ice storage, not from surface ice coverings.  Volcanic eruptions,
increased heat flow, etc, might have had something to to with melting ground
ice and causing the large outflow channles.

The volume of the outflow events, although obviously great from the areas
affected, probably did not involve much more than the equivalent of a few
meters or tens of meters water spread over the planet...more like big lakes
than oceans worth.
Mar. 15, 2007

Stephanie Schierholz
Headquarters, Washington 
202-358-4997

Kendra Horn
Space Foundation, Colorado Springs, Colo.
719-576-8000 
RELEASE: 07-67

NASA RECOGNIZED FOR WATER PURIFICATION AND CLEAN UP TECHNOLOGIES

WASHINGTON - On April 12, two technologies developed at NASA for 
America's space program will be inducted into the Space Foundation's 
Space Technology Hall of Fame. NASA's Johnson Space Center, Houston, 
receives the honor for its development of the Microbial Check Valve 
used in water purification. NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Cape 
Canaveral, Fla., is recognized for the development of Emulsified 
Zero-Valent Iron technology used to clean contaminated ground water.

Michele Brekke, director, Innovative Partnerships Program, Johnson 
Space Center, and Dr. David Bartine, director of Applied Technology 
at Kennedy Space Center, will accept the awards on behalf of NASA at 
the Space Technology Hall of Fame dinner, the closing event of the 
Space Foundation's four-day National Space Symposium held in Colorado 
Springs, Colo. This is the 19th year the Space Foundation has given 
the awards; 54 technologies have been recognized.

The Microbial Check Valve is an integral component for maintaining 
safe drinking water in water purification systems now deployed in 
rural areas and developing countries around the world. Engineers at 
Johnson developed the system to provide microbial control for 
drinking water systems for the space shuttle and the International 
Space Station. Johnson will join the Water Security Corporation, 
Sparks, Nev., and Umpqua Research, Myrtle Creek, Ore., as inductees 
for developing the technology.

Retired NASA employee Richard Sauer will receive an individual award 
for his work on the Microbial Check Valve while he was the manager of 
Shuttle Water Quality at Johnson. 

Emulsified Zero-Valent Iron technology is a cost-effective, 
environmentally-friendly technology used to clean ground water 
contaminated by dense chemical compounds. Engineers at the Kennedy 
Space Center developed the technology to clean up pollution caused by 
chlorinated solvents used to clean Apollo rocket parts. This 
technology is now used at both government and private industry 
cleanup sites. 

Weston Solutions, West Chester, Pa.; GeoSyntec, Guelph, Ontario, 
Canada; and the University of Central Florida, Orlando; also will be 
inductees for developing the technology. The Emulsified Zero-Valent 
Iron technology also was recognized as NASA's Government Invention of 
the Year and Commercial Invention of the Year in 2005.

Dr. Jacqueline W. Quinn, environmental engineer, and Kathleen B. 
Brooks, materials scientist, will receive individual awards for their 
work at Kennedy on the Emulsified Zero-Valent Iron technology.

The transfer of NASA technology to the private sector is managed 
through NASA's Innovative Partnerships Program. To learn more about 
the program, visit:

http://www.ipp.nasa.gov 

To learn more about NASA and agency programs, visit

www.nasa.gov

	
-end-
XJONTBNTS   OF   VOL.   III.          ,
BOOK    6.
TRAVELS in RUSSIA.
Chap. i. Population and revenues of the Ruffian empire.Pa-
per currency         -         -          -        -        -        -        p. 274.
Chap. 2. Admiralty,Expedition to Cronftadt.The harbours
and docks.-Ruffian navy.On Raffia.General obfervations on
the Ruffian army    -         -         -         -    ^    -         -         p. 283.
Chap. 3. Rife and progrefs of the Englifh trade with Ruffia.
Commerce of the Britijh fatfory of St. Peter/burgh.Exports
and imports         -         -                                            p* 297.
Chap* 4* &ife> Progrefs> an^ termination of the Englijh trade on
the C'a/pian fea .-Commerce of the Ruffians in tfo fame quarter.
Defcription of the principal ports.Exports and imports*
Average 'value of the trade.Commerce with the Buchartam and
.......p. 318.
 On the commerce of the Black Sjea.9*-Haiw%i*->*?E#-
ports and imports.Ports and territory ceded ky the J*urfo to
Rujfia*Zaporogian Cojfacs.Productions of the Southern pro-
vinces ~<~^>Na<vigation of the $en and Dnieper;-s-Attempts of the
Ruffian 1 to prof mute th* commmce through the DardantlUi t$ tht'
Mediterranean*Precarious flate of that trade     -        p.  337,
Chap, 6. Mines of Rufftaj^^GoliandfibvenCopper andiron*
-Average profits which government drawss from the mines, foun*
deries, and duties         -         -         -         -         ?r         P*359
Chap. 7. Canal cf Fifinh-Tokjbok, which unites the Cajpian
and the BalticCanal of Ladoga.-ProjeS of uniting the Don
and the Volga       ----        p, 369.
APPENDIX.
No. \? A Letter from Mr. Keith, Britijb Miuifter at St.\Pi*
terfburght to the Right Honourable George Grenville, Secretary of
State> on the Revolution of 176a        -       -         -        P*  377*
No. f.    Lift of the Ruffian Navy        -    .   -        %.        p,  387.
No. 3.    Goods exported in 382 Britijhfhips, m tj7j      p. 389.
No. 4.    Stare of the Ruffian army',1785      -        -        p. 395;
246                         SANTO DOMINGO.
prolific manner sugar for the Spaniardsthe cane being
noted as producing for six consecutive years full crops
without care or renewal. In fact, to-day cane is shown in
bearing said to be seventy years old.
But sugar alone is not the only excellent product, for
every fruit and vegetable is remarkably perfect in this
region, the orange especially being noted for its flavour.
The present town is situated on the road from San Juan
and Neyba to St Domingo, and is some two leagues dis-
tant from the Bay of Ocoa, one of the most famous ports
on the south coast, and in which Columbus took shelter
from the great storm.
The old town, where Hernan Cortes was town-clerk
before he started out on his adventurous career, was de-
stroyed by an earthquake in 1751. This terrible event led
the sea up to the very town, when it was abandoned.
Like all other Dominican towns, it is now a straggling
collection of one-storied houses, built of palm-leaves, straw,
and poles, gathered round a wide open space honoured
with the name of " plaza ; " and aside from the fact that it
has been the home of the Baez family, who own large pro-
perties in the vicinity, there is nothing to attract the
traveller at present.
With railroads, and capital, and immigration, this would
probably prove a district agriculturally of the first import-
ance. In this case the Bay of Ocoa, with its port of Calderas,
being splendidly adapted for a great marine rendezvous,
would prove a formidable rival to St Domingo city.
All this district to the west of Azua has suffered much
from the various revolutions and incursions which seem to
have selected this province for their inception ; but now,
happily for the rest of the island, these little " unpleasant-
nesses" are pretty much confined to one locality. To
thoroughly understand the cause of these, we shall have to
study a little of the history of St Domingo since it became
a republic.
This program (see below) works in d0chb if used with the exception option 
(this option is disabled by default):

d0chb:/home/gris/mytest> setup D0RunII          // Setup KCC
d0chb:/home/gris/mytest> kcc-ar2 -x eg_errh.cpp
d0chb:/home/gris/mytest> a.out

Bien

Ok
d0chb:/home/gris/mytest>

In mausi (gcc version egcs-2.91.57) the program does not work, exception
handling is on by default but it does not catch the throw from the class:

mausi:/home/gris/cpp/tiny> gpp -fhandle-exceptions eg_errh.cpp
cc1plus: warning: -fhandle-exceptions has been renamed to -fexceptions (and is now on by default)
mausi:/home/gris/cpp/tiny> a.out
Abort
mausi:/home/gris/cpp/tiny> gpp -fexceptions eg_errh.cpp
mausi:/home/gris/cpp/tiny> a.out
Abort
mausi:/home/gris/cpp/tiny> 

The program aborts because it does not catch the throw.

In groucho it works (gcc version 2.7.2) with the -fhandle-exceptions option.

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// eg_errh.cpp : A simple exception handling example.

#include <iostream.h>

class ClassB { }; // This first!

class MyClass {
  int i;
public:
  MyClass(int j = 0) { i = j; };
  void seti(int f) { if (f > 10) throw ClassB(); i = f; };
};

int main()
{
  MyClass mc;

  try{
    mc.seti(11);
    cout << endl << "MAL" << endl;
  }

  catch (ClassB b) { cout << endl << "Bien" << endl; }

  catch (...){ }

  cout << endl << "Ok" << endl;
  
  return 0;
}


There seems to be a bug with gcc version egcs-2.91.57, if in the
program seti() is change to:

void seti(int f) { if (f > 10) throw ClassB(); i = f; cout << "Hola"; };

then it works!!
Commandant (G-STM-2)
US Coast Guard                                   2 March 1996
Washington DC 20593

Pictures of COMMSTA Boston/NMF

Take a picture tour of US Coast Guard Communications Station
Boston/NMF, located in Marshfield Massachusetts.  Photographs and
descriptions were provided by the Commanding Officer and
personnel of the COMMSTA.  Control of this station will be
remoted to the Coast Guard Communications and Area Master Station
located in Chesapeake VA, CAMSLANT Portsmouth/NMN, on November
1996.

NMF1.JPG:  Old 50OKhz guard position.  Two old Collins 651
Receivers.  We guarded remote sites in Moriches New York.  Harris
receivers were on local antennas.  COMMSTA Control System (CCS)
was on the computer.  Logs were kept on the typewriter.

NMF2.JPG: Supervisor Position: Four receivers guard the SCN
frequencies.  Model 40 Teletype was used for the CG MTDS Net. 
That has now been replaced with a computer.  Computer has CCS and
logs on it.

NMF3.JPG: Frame Room: Computer is the MASTER Computer.  In the
middle are demod's and keyers.  The far left is the back-up for the
CCS.

NMF4.JPG: Basic utility and back-up position.  If another
position was disabled, a broadcast or voice call could be made
from here.

NMF5.JPG: Air to Ground Position- Four Harris receivers guard the
Air to Ground voice frequencies of 5696, 8983, 11201 and a spare.

NMF6.JPG: Head on view of the supervisor console.  Receivers
guard the SCN frequencies.  Top left receiver is also used for
phone patches.  SCN stands for System Control Network, and
unclassified radiotelephone network used by coast guard units and
the maritime community when calling the Coast Guard.

NMF7.JPG:  SOOKhz Auto Alarm: Top receiver was dialed to 50OKhz. 
Mackay Auto Alarm sounded if a 50OKhz auto alarm was heard. 
Alarm sounded at supervisor position.  Bottom patch panels are
for equipment patching in house.

NMF8.JPG: Broadcast Position: From left to right.  Computer is
for SITOR.  Receivers are to guard on-call SITOR and to monitor
our own broadcasts.  Three "blue" things are Thrane and Thrane
modems.  Middle computer sets frequencies and antennas utilizing
CCS.  It is also used for NAVTEX.  Far right computer was used
for the old 'LCMP" circuit.  Other receivers were used to monitor
2182Khz and 518Khz for NAVTEX.  LCMP stands for Atlantic
Composite Broadcasts, HF Morse telegraphy broadcast of weather
and navigational information now discontinued.

NMF9.JPG: Close up of "Source Enable" panel.  "Channels" are
associated with receivers.  There are "plug-ins" for voice and CW
and head phone jacks for all the receivers.  Source panel allows
for 8 separate sources to be keyed from one position at any time.

***Thanks to COMMSTA Boston for providing this information
LETTER FROM EDMUND BUEKE.                         221
However, as a mer<5 unconnected arrangement, it was right to define with clearness, although such a plan of policy never had existed, or thould pass away, as I hope and think in some degree it has, with the first heats.
The bill passed through, the House of Lords, with some opposition, but no amendment; but when it came into the House of Commons, the ministers confessed, that it was hastily drawn, and they professed great candor in admitting alterations. The part by which your province would be directly affected, was only the boundary clause.
As the boundary was, in the most material parts In the original bill, only constructive, and in general words of reference, "to the boundary lines of the other provinces, as adjudged or allowed by the Crown;" I thought it necessary to know, with regard to you, what lines had been actually drawn, and next what principles were to guide in adjudging your real boundaries in future.
With regard to the first point, I found, that a line of division between your colony and that of Quebec, had been allowed by the King in Council to be run from a point on Lake Champlain in forty-five degrees of north latitude. So far had been agreed between the Governors of the two provinces and allowed. But no line had been actually run in consequence of this agreement, except from the river Connecticut to the Lake, bven this lin had not been formally allowed; and none at all had been run to the westward of Lake Champlain. So that your boundary on the north had never been perfectly delineated, though the principle upon which it should be drawn had been laid down. For a great part of the northern frontier, and for the whole of the western, until you met the line of New Jersey, you had no defined boundary at all. Your claims were indeed extensive, and I am persuaded just; but they had never been regularly allowed.
My next object of inquiry, therefore, was, upon what principles the Board of Trade would in the future discussions which must inevitably and speedily arise, determine what belonged to you, and what to Canada.
I was told, that the settled, uniform doctrine and practice of the Board of Trade, was this: that in questions of boun-dary, where the jurisdiction and soil in both the litigating provinces belonged to the Crown, there was no rule but the King's will, and that he might allot as he pleased, to the one or th.e other. They said also, that under these circumstances, even where the King had actually adjudged a ter-
University of Illinois at Chicago
	Experimental Physics Tenure-Track Assistant Professor

The Department of Physics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, invites
applications for a tenure-track position at the Assistant Professor Level.
Preference will be given to experimental High Energy Nuclear Physics or
Condensed Matter Physics, particularly electron microscopy techniques,
though exceptional candidates in any area will be considered. Candidates
must have a Ph.D. degree and are expected to develop a vigorous,
externally funded research program and to have a commitment to teaching at
both the undergraduate and graduate levels.

The UIC High Energy Nuclear Physics group is currently actively involved
in the PHOBOS experiment at RHIC and proposed Heavy Ion Physics with the
CMS Experiment at the LHC.  Through the UIC Research Resources Center, 
the Physics Department offers state-of-the-art facilities in the field 
of scanning, transmission and scanning transmission electron microscopy.

For more details consult the departmental webpage at
http://physicsweb.phy.uic.edu.
To ensure full consideration, applications should be received by December
31, 2004. An up-to-date CV and a statement of research interests, together
with the names of 3 or 4 references should be sent to:

	Prof. H. Aratyn, Interim Head, 
	Department of Physics (m/c 273),
	University of Illinois at Chicago, 
	845 W. Taylor St. Chicago,
	Illinois 60607-7059.

The University of Illinois is an affirmative action/equal opportunity
employer. Females and minorities are particularly encouraged to apply.
FCP Installation and Configuration (v1.5)
-----------------------------------------

To install FCP in FUE environment, do the following:

1. Create new or designate an existing account to be used
to run FCP daemon. This does not have to be a privileged
account. In this document, this account will be referred to as
"fcp_account".

2. Create a directory in NFS-shared area. In this document,
this directory will be referred to as <FCP_ROOT>. Path
to this directory must be the same on all nodes of the farm.

3. Under <FCP_ROOT>, create 3 subdirectories:
    cfg     - for FCP configuration file(s)
    bin     - for FCP start-up script(s)
    log     - for FCP log files

4. Set protections/owners of the directories in such a way that
    - <FCP_ROOT> and <FCP_ROOT>/cfg are readable by anybody on
      all farm nodes;
    - <FCP_ROOT> and all subdirectories are readable by fcp_account
      on FCP server node(s);
    - <FCP_ROOT>/log is writable by fcp_account on FCP server node(s).

5. Install fcp and fcslib products using UPD or otherwise. If using UPD,
issue command "upd install -R fcp". This will install fcslib automatically.

6. Make sure that
    - fcp is declared for all flavors you need
    - fcslib is declared for NULL flavor
    
7. Tailor fcp for all flavors using:

    ups tailor -O <FCP_ROOT> -f <flavor> fcp <version>
    
8. Issue

    setup fcp
    
9. Copy $FCP_DIR/cfg/fcp.cfg.example into <FCP_ROOT>/cfg/fcp.cfg.
Edit <FCP_ROOT>/cfg/fcp.cfg if necessary. Most importantly, edit
line 

    log_file = /path/file
    
so that /path is <FCP_ROOT>/log. If you do not need FCP to create
any log files, remove this line, or comment it out with '#'.

10. Copy $FCP_DIR/bin/start_fcp.sh into <FCP_ROOT>/bin/start_fcp.sh.
Edit <FCP_ROOT>/bin/start_fcp.sh if necessary to use correct
path to setups.sh UPS setup script.

11. Start fcp daemons on all FCP server nodes (not all farm nodes!)
using <FCP_ROOT>/bin/start_fcp.sh.

12. Check whether fcp is running by issuing:

    setup fcp
    fcps <fcp-server-node>
    
13. If configured so, check whether log files are created under <FCP_ROOT>/log

$Id: Install.txt,v 1.1 2001/03/16 23:12:20 ivm Exp $
For Charlie's, Patricia, Nina, Philip, Lisa and their Families

MY IDEA OF WHY I FAILED TO WIN A NOBEL PRIZE
       Michael Heidelberger

  The tale that I am about to tell is not a matter of conceit. I have been
nominated several times for the prize and have been told innumerable times

that I should have had a Nobel Prize--and my reaction has been that I would

rather have my friends say I should have had one than to get the prize and

have people say behind my back, "he got it but didn't deserve it." Moreover,

I've received many compensating awards, the respect of my fellow scientists,

and the abiding satisfaction of knowing that I have given immunology a few

small pushes that have helped propel it into the persuasive and pervasive

scientific position it holds today. I bear no resentment to the Nobel

Committees and my sympathies are with them, for they cannot possibly reward

more than a minute percentage of the vast amount of solid scientific discovery

that has been increasing almost exponentially since the Prizes were esta-

blished. So let me get on with my story.

  In 1926 James B. Sumner, Professor of Physiology and Biochemistry at

Cornel1 University, published the first astounding report that an important

enzyme, urease, which breaks down urea to ammonium carbonate, could be iso-

lated from jack beans in pure crystalline form and was a typical protein

instead of a mysterious substance of unknown structure, as all enzymes were

thought to be at that time. In full recognition of the importance of his

finding he took a boat to Sweden and made the rounds, telling members of the

Nobel committees what he had done and that they owed him a Nobel Prize. This

egotistical direct approach so angered the Swedes that for many years they

refused to consider him for an award. In the meantime my friend Arne

Page 2

Tiselius, who had become director of the Biochemical Institute of the Univer-

sity of Uppsala, asked me to go with him to see Professor Liljestrand, the

powerful secretary of the Nobel committee, of which Arne was also a member.

Professor Lil jestrand's consent was considered essential before anyone culd be

approved for an award. Accordingly we went to see the gentleman, but

remembering Sumner's fate, I was very reticent about my own work, leaving it

to Arne to do propkganda for me if he wished to. I had the feeling that the

interview was going badly and this was confirmed when it had no result. But

there is a sequel: years later, when Arne asked me whether they should give a

prize to Wendell Stanley for crystallizing tobacco mosaic virus, a corn

cob-shaped protein, and to John Northrop, who, with Kunitz, had crystallized

several enzymes and their inhibitors, I said, "of course, but how can you do

it without giving Sumner a share?'' So, some twenty years after Sumner's

epoch-making discovery, justice was done and I had the satisfaction of feeling

that I had at least helped someone else get a Nobel Prize.

5

4

'0.

qLq .2?\ r(igq.
We measure the branching fraction of the top quark to
longitudinally and right-handed polarized W bosons, F_0 and F_+, using
approximately 200 pb-1 of p anti-p collisions collected by the CDF II
detector.  We analyze two quantities sensitive to the W helicity: the
invariant mass of the charged lepton and the bottom-quark jet in the decay
t --&gt; Wb --&gt; l nu b (where l = e or mu), and the transverse momentum of the
charged lepton.  We find F_0 = 0.74+0.22_-0.34, and F_+ &lt; 0.27 at the 95%
confidence level.  These measurements are in agreement with the standard
model predictions.
Subject: Workshop in Hermanus, South Africa, March 2005 Final
From: Reiner Friedel <friedel@nis.lanl.gov>
Date: Wed, 20 Apr 2005 15:21:07 -0700

***************************************************************************
Workshop on Energetic Electron Radiation Belt Dynamics

Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa

March 07-11, 2005
***************************************************************************

Hello all!

I trust you all got back from South Africa with no problems. I would like to
thank all the participants for a great workshop - we certainly did have lively
discussions. 

A final big thanks also to our hosts at Hermanus. I think we were all
impressed by the quality of the facilities at HMO and the level of
professionalism of the staff there in dealing with our group - especially
since trying to organize scientists is like herding cats. Believe me - now I
know!

The conference website has been update one last time to include links to all
the workshop presentations:

http://leadbelly.lanl.gov/lanl_ep_data/workshops/hermanus_2005/information.html#PRESENTATIONS
 
Also available are links to all the photographs I took during the workshop:

http://leadbelly.lanl.gov/lanl_ep_data/workshops/hermanus_2005/information.html#PICTURES

Both the above are also accessible through our anonymous FTP site at

nis-ftp.lanl.gov/pub/users/friedel/hermanus

Finally I have in preparation a workshop report which I intend to submit to
EOS. I may contact some of you for help/comments on this article.

Go well
Reiner
DISCOVERY   OF   THE   E1VEE   MISSISSIPPI.
205
along with him the necessary things to proceed on our discovery ; while I with two men should go in a canoe to the River Mississippi, to get the friendship of the nations inhabiting the banks thereof. Then calling his men together, told them, " He would leave M. Tonti to command in the fort, and desired them to obey his orders in his absence, to live in a Christian union and charity, to be courageous and firm in their design." He assured them, " He would return with all the speed imaginable, and bring with him a fresh supply of meat, ammunition, and rigging for our bark ; and that in the meantime he left them arms and other things necessary for a vigorous defence, in case their enemies should attack them before his return."
Then telling me, " That he expected I should depart without further delay," he embraced me and gave me a calumet of peace, with two men to manage our canoe, Picard and Ako, to whom he gave some commodities to the value of about one thousand livres, to trade with the savages or make presents. He gave to me in particular, and for my own use, ten knives, twelve shoemaker's awls or bodkins, a small roll of Martinico tobacco, two pounds of rassade, i. e. little pearls or rings of colored glass, to make bracelets for the savages, and a small parcel of needles; telling me, "He would have given me a greater quantity if it had been in his power."
Thus relying on the providence of God, and receiving the blessing of Father Gabriel, I embraced all our men, and took my leave of M. de la Salle, who set out a few days after for Canada, with three men, without any provisions but what they killed in their journey, during which they suffered very much by cold weather, snow, and hunger.
We set out from Fort Crevecur on the 29th of February, myself, Picard and Ako, and when we had gone fifty leagues down the river, we came to the place where it falls into the Mississippi, between thirty-five and thirty-six degrees of latitude. The Mississippi runs to the south-southwest, between two ridges of mountains, is in some places a league broad, and a half a league where it is narrowest. The ice which came down stopt us here till the 12th of March. Then after prayers we embarked, and continuing our course down the river, we discovered three savages on the 15th, and landing, marched up to them ; whereupon they ran away. But after some signs, one returned, and presented us the calumet of peace, which, when we had received, the two others came back. We could not understand one word of their language ; and when we named two or
PUBLIC INFORMATION STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HOUSTON/GALVESTON TX
600 AM CST THU FEB 28 2008

...CONTINUING SEVERE WEATHER AWARENESS WEEK IN TEXAS... 

...TURN AROUND...DONT DROWN...

IN 2006...13 PEOPLE LOST THEIR LIVES IN TEXAS AS THEY TRIED TO DRIVE INTO FLOODED AREAS.  

FLASH FLOODING IS THE NUMBER ONE STORM RELATED KILLER IN THE UNITED STATES AND TEXAS. WHY? 
MOST PEOPLE FAIL TO REALIZE THE POWER OF WATER...THEY WANT TO GET HOME AND THEY THINK THEY 
CAN MAKE IT.  

OF THESE DROWNINGS...MANY ARE PREVENTABLE SIMPLY BY NOT DRIVING OR WALKING ONTO FLOODED ROADS. 
MOST VEHICLES LOSE CONTROL IN SIX INCHES OF WATER AND CAN BE SWEPT AWAY IN 18-24 INCHES OF WATER.  
REMEMBER...WHEN APPROACHING A FLOODED ROADWAY...TURN AROUND DONT DROWN.

THE NATIONAL 30 YEAR AVERAGE FOR FLOOD DEATHS IS 127. NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DATA ALSO SHOWS 
THAT NEARLY HALF OF ALL FLASH FLOOD FATALITIES ARE VEHICLE-RELATED...THE MAJORITY OF VICTIMS ARE 
MALES AND FLOOD DEATHS AFFECT ALL AGE GROUPS. 

FOLLOW THESE SAFETY RULES... 

1. MONITOR THE NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR YOUR FAVORITE NEWS SOURCE FOR VITAL WEATHER RELATED 
   INFORMATION. 

2. IF FLOODING OCCURS...GET TO HIGHER GROUND. GET OUT OF AREAS SUBJECT TO FLOODING. THIS INCLUDES 
   DIPS...LOW SPOTS...CANYONS...WASHES ETC. 

3. AVOID AREAS ALREADY FLOODED...ESPECIALLY IF THE WATER IS FLOWING FAST. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CROSS 
   FLOWING STREAMS. 

                 TURN AROUND DON'T DROWN. 

4. ROAD BEDS MAY BE WASHED OUT UNDER FLOOD WATERS. NEVER DRIVE THROUGH FLOODED ROADWAYS. 

                 TURN AROUND DON'T DROWN. 

5. DO NOT CAMP OR PARK YOUR VEHICLE ALONG STREAMS AND WASHES...PARTICULARLY DURING THREATENING 
   CONDITIONS. 

6. BE ESPECIALLY CAUTIOUS AT NIGHT WHEN IT IS HARDER TO RECOGNIZE FLOOD DANGERS. IF YOU ARE UNSURE 
   THAT THE ROAD IS CLEAR...
   
                 TURN AROUND DON'T DROWN.

FOR MORE INFORMATION ON TURN AROUND DON'T DROWN...CALL YOUR LOCAL NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE 
OFFICE...OR VISIT WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/SRH/TADD ON THE INTERNET.
MD_DA124                                                         
DA                                                               
MD DA124 Butter - Oceania                                        

MADISON, WI.  February 05, 2009 (REPORT 5)                       

OCEANIA                                                          
INFORMATION GATHERED  01/26/2009 - 02/06/2009                    
U.S. DOLLARS PER METRIC TON, FOB PORT                            

BUTTER:  Oceania butter markets are generally steady with recent weeks 
although some prices continue to adjust lower.  Traders and handlers 
indicate that sales are occurring, but often not at desired levels.  For 
those that are experiencing slower sales, sales negotiations continue to 
be variable.  Warehouse space is limited, especially in New Zealand, 
thus product needs to continue to clear ports and competitively priced 
products seems to be doing that.  The milk production season is on the 
down side, thus butter production is also on the decline.                                                          
                                                                 
82% BUTTERFAT:                           1,600 - 2,100

0930c steve schneeberger  (608)250-3204
000
WWUS52 KJAX 141712
SVSJAX

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSONVILLE FL
112 PM EDT SAT JUL 14 2007

FLC019-141730-
/O.CON.KJAX.SV.W.0137.000000T0000Z-070714T1730Z/
CLAY FL-
112 PM EDT SAT JUL 14 2007

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 130 PM EDT
FOR NORTHEASTERN CLAY COUNTY...

AT 102 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO 
INDICATE A LINE OF STRONG AND SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF 
PRODUCING PENNY SIZE HAIL...AND DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH.  
THESE STORMS WERE LOCATED ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM 6 MILES 
NORTHWEST OF LAKESIDE TO ASBURY LAKE...OR ALONG A LINE EXTENDING 
FROM 6 MILES NORTHWEST OF LAKESIDE TO 10 MILES SOUTH OF 
LAKESIDE...MOVING EAST AT 15 MPH.

OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO GREEN
COVE SPRINGS...BELLAIR AND ORANGE PARK.

IN ADDITION TO LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS...CONTINUOUS CLOUD TO
GROUND LIGHTNING IS OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM. MOVE INDOORS
IMMEDIATELY! LIGHTNING IS ONE OF NATURES NUMBER ONE KILLERS.
REMEMBER...IF YOU CAN HEAR THUNDER...YOU ARE CLOSE ENOUGH TO BE
STRUCK BY LIGHTNING.

LAT...LON 3018 8193 2999 8184 2996 8163 3005 8170
      3018 8168

$$

SHASHY
QUESTION:
Why do we, as humans, think it's necessary to find water as a key element to
support other forms of life? The universe as we know it is so vastly
infinite that we appear as a tiny microscopic speck of dust; and I find it
hard to believe we can be so naive as to assume that all other life forms
need water to survive or be created like us. Am I off base in this thought?
All I keep hearing is how the scientists hope they find some evidence of
water to help support the theory of past life on Mars.

ANSWER from Bruce Jakosky on July 16, 1997:
Water isn't magical in its qualities, but it is abundant.  The qualities
that water has that make it useful for life are (i) that it can be present
as a liquid (this is the most important), (ii) that lots of things can
dissolve in it (so that nutrients can be brought in, and waste products can
be removed).  Other liquids could do this; for example, there might be
liquid ethane/methane lakes or oceans on Titan.  However, water is one of
the most abundant species in the universe.

In other words, it is conceivable that other liquids could be suitable for
life, but by focussing on water we are not losing much.  In our own solar
system, liquid water was, is, or may be present on Mars, Europa, possibly
early Venus, and possibly early Titan.  All other possible liquids may be
present only on Titan.
Management Positions Filled
In Reply Refer To:                                   November 21, 1994
Mail Stop 406
WATER RESOURCES DIVISION MEMORANDUM NO. 95.01
Subject:  Management Positions Filled
These are times of significant change in the U.S. Geological Survey
and the Federal Government overall.  At time it may seem as if nothing
is settled.  It is heartening to know that we have moved forward and
filled many key management positions in the Division.  Although there
are some staffing issues that remain unresolved, the following
positions have been filled since May 1, 1994.
Headquarters      Chief, Br. National Water Summary       Reston, VA
Jo Ann Macy       Administrative Officer                  Reston, VA
Northeastern Region
Pixie A. Hamilton        District Chief                   Richmond, VA
Gary N. Paulachok        District Chief                   Lemoyne, PA
Wayne H. Sonntag         District Chief                   Marlborough, MA
Lindsay A. Swain         District Chief                   Indianapolis, IN
Michael C. Yurewicz      NAWQA Program Manager            Reston, VA
Southeastern Region
Robert A. Lidwin         District Chief                   Little Rock, AR
John F. Harsh            Subdistrict Chief                Tampa, FL
Central Region
Walter R. Aucott         District Chief                   Lawrence, KS
Robin G. Brown           District Chief                   Iowa City, IA
Ivan C. James II         Asst. Reg. Hydro., NAWQA         Lakewood, CO
Charles (Jerry) Pascale  Regional Program Officer         Lakewood, CO
William Shampine         Chief, National Training Center  Lakewood, CO
Western Region
Gordon L. Nelson         District Chief                   Anchorage, AK
Norwood (Nick) Melcher   District Chief                   Tucson, AZ
Please join me in welcoming them to their new positions.  I am confident
they will find their assignments both challenging and rewarding.
                                        Robert M. Hirsch
                                        Chief Hydrologist
Distribution:  A, B, S, FO, PO
000
WWUS54 KOUN 071617
SVSOUN

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
1117 AM CDT MON MAY 7 2007

OKC013-095-071630-
/O.CON.KOUN.SV.W.0198.000000T0000Z-070507T1630Z/
BRYAN OK-MARSHALL OK-
1117 AM CDT MON MAY 7 2007

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1130 AM CDT
FOR MARSHALL AND BRYAN COUNTIES...

AT 1117 AM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR DETECTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM SILO TO KINGSTON...
MOVING NORTHEAST AT 35 MPH.

* LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE CALERA...CARTWRIGHT...CENTRAL LAKE
  TEXOMA...COLBERT...DURANT...KENEFIC...KINGSTON...LEBANON...LITTLE
  CITY...MADILL...MCBRIDE...MEAD...OAKLAND...SILO AND WOODVILLE.

HAIL UP TO THE SIZE OF PENNIES AND WINDS OF 60 MPH ARE LIKELY.

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAN PRODUCE TORNADOES WITH NO ADVANCE WARNING.
MOVE IMMEDIATELY TO A STORM SHELTER... BASEMENT OR STURDY BUILDING IF
A TORNADO IS SIGHTED.

HEAVY RAINS MAY QUICKLY FLOOD LOW LYING AREAS SUCH AS CREEKS...
DITCHES AND UNDERPASSES. AVOID THESE AREAS AND DO NOT CROSS FLOODED
ROADS AS AUTOMOBILES CAN QUICKLY STALL.

LAT...LON 3381 9647 3388 9695 3415 9692 3417 9629

$$
199706171705   0     0     0west ARCEDIT /HOME07/WEST/CIRCUM_CD/COVERS/DRAINAGE/POLIT
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199706171711   0     0     0west rename polit polit_grin
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199706171720   0     0     0west ARCEDIT /HOME07/WEST/CIRCUM_CD/CIRCUM/COVERS/BASE/POLIT
199706171720   0     0     0west build polit line
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Expires:200902091115;;840243
FPUS52 KGSP 082025
ZFPGSP
ZONE FORECAST PRODUCT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
325 PM EST SUN FEB 8 2009

NCZ056-091115-
CATAWBA-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...HICKORY
325 PM EST SUN FEB 8 2009
.TONIGHT...MOSTLY CLEAR. LOWS IN THE LOWER 40S. NORTHWEST WINDS
AROUND 5 MPH. 
.MONDAY...MOSTLY SUNNY. HIGHS IN THE MID 60S. NORTHEAST WINDS AROUND
5 MPH...BECOMING SOUTH IN THE AFTERNOON. 
.MONDAY NIGHT...MOSTLY CLOUDY WITH PATCHY DRIZZLE. LOWS IN THE MID
40S. SOUTH WINDS 5 TO 10 MPH. 
.TUESDAY...MOSTLY CLOUDY WITH PATCHY DRIZZLE IN THE MORNING...THEN
MOSTLY SUNNY IN THE AFTERNOON. HIGHS IN THE UPPER 60S. SOUTHWEST
WINDS 10 TO 15 MPH. 
.TUESDAY NIGHT...PARTLY CLOUDY IN THE EVENING...THEN BECOMING MOSTLY
CLOUDY. LOWS IN THE UPPER 40S. SOUTHWEST WINDS 5 TO 10 MPH. 
.WEDNESDAY...MOSTLY CLOUDY. A CHANCE OF SHOWERS IN THE AFTERNOON.
HIGHS IN THE MID 60S. CHANCE OF RAIN 40 PERCENT. 
.WEDNESDAY NIGHT...MOSTLY CLOUDY. A CHANCE OF SHOWERS IN THE
EVENING. LOWS IN THE MID 40S. CHANCE OF RAIN 50 PERCENT. 
.THURSDAY AND THURSDAY NIGHT...PARTLY CLOUDY. HIGHS AROUND 60. LOWS
IN THE UPPER 30S. 
.FRIDAY...MOSTLY SUNNY IN THE MORNING...THEN BECOMING PARTLY SUNNY.
HIGHS IN THE MID 50S. 
.FRIDAY NIGHT AND SATURDAY...MOSTLY CLOUDY. A 30 PERCENT CHANCE OF
RAIN. LOWS IN THE MID 30S. HIGHS IN THE MID 50S. 
.SATURDAY NIGHT AND SUNDAY...PARTLY CLOUDY. LOWS IN THE MID 30S.
HIGHS IN THE UPPER 50S. 
$$
TITLE:   GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT
NUMBER:  1981
SUBJECT: VLT spectra of GRB 030328
DATE:    03/03/29 08:29:12 GMT
FROM:    Paul Vreeswijk at ESO  <pvreeswi@eso.org>

Evert Rol (U. of Amsterdam), Paul Vreeswijk & Andreas Jaunsen (ESO)
report for the GRACE collaboration:

The optical afterglow, discovered by Peterson & Price (GCN 1974), of
GRB 030328 (HETE trigger 2650, see GCN 1978), was observed around
March 29.08 UT with FORS1 at telescope unit 1 of the VLT. A total of
one hour of spectra were taken with the grism 300V and a slit width of
1 arcsecond, at a position angle of 104 degrees to also include object
B of Price & Peterson (GCN 1975) in the slit.

A preliminary reduction shows significant absorption lines, most of
which we identify with typical metal lines at a redshift of z=1.520.
We also find some hints for another system at z=1.29, but an improved
analysis is needed to confirm this.

We are thankful for the assistance of the ESO staff at Paranal; in
particular that of Andreas Kaufer.
/* *****************************************/
/* Includes and Global Defs                */
/* *****************************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
/* IAC CODE CHANGE : #include <math.h> */
#include <avs/avs_math.h>

#include <avs/avs.h>
#include <avs/port.h>
#include <avs/field.h>
#include <avs/ucd_defs.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
/*#include "sds.h"*/

typedef union Coord {
  struct {
    int x,y,z;
  } axis;
  int vect[3];
} Coord;

int debug=0;

int amrucd_desc (){
  int in_port, out_port, param, iresult;
  extern int amrucd_compute();
  extern int amrucd_destroy();
  /*extern int amrucd_destroy();*/
  
  AVSset_module_name("AMR-UCD Reader", MODULE_DATA); 

  /* Output Port Specifications              */
  out_port = AVScreate_output_port("Output", "ucd" );
  /* out_port = AVScreate_output_port("output","field uniform");*/
  /* Parameter Specifications                */
  

  param = AVSadd_parameter("Filename", "string", "", "", ":");
  AVSconnect_widget(param, "browser");

  param = AVSadd_parameter("Hold","boolean",0,0,1);
  AVSconnect_widget(param,"toggle");

  param = AVSadd_parameter("Threshold","boolean",1,0,1);
  AVSconnect_widget(param,"toggle");

  param = AVSadd_parameter("Generate Level Data","boolean",1,0,1);
  AVSconnect_widget(param,"toggle");
  
  param = AVSadd_parameter("Step", "integer", 0, 0, 1);
  AVSconnect_widget(param, "idial");
  
  param = AVSadd_float_parameter("Min",0.0,FLOAT_UNBOUND,FLOAT_UNBOUND);
  param = AVSadd_float_parameter("Max",1.0,FLOAT_UNBOUND,FLOAT_UNBOUND);
  
  param = AVSadd_parameter("VisibleLevels","choice","<no data>","<no data>",":");
  AVSconnect_widget(param,"choice");
  
  AVSset_compute_proc(amrucd_compute); 
  AVSset_destroy_proc(amrucd_destroy);
  
  return 1;
}

AVSinit_modules()
{
  AVSmodule_from_desc (amrucd_desc);
}
Expires:200902041730;Remove:200902041730;713717
FPUS74 KOUN 041505
NOWOUN
SHORT TERM FORECAST
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
900 AM CST WED FEB 4 2009
OKZ004>048-050>052-TXZ083>090-041730-
ALFALFA-ARCHER-ATOKA-BAYLOR-BECKHAM-BLAINE-BRYAN-CADDO-CANADIAN-
CARTER-CLAY-CLEVELAND-COAL-COMANCHE-COTTON-CUSTER-DEWEY-ELLIS-FOARD-
GARFIELD-GARVIN-GRADY-GRANT-GREER-HARDEMAN-HARMON-HARPER-HUGHES-
JACKSON-JEFFERSON-JOHNSTON-KAY-KINGFISHER-KIOWA-KNOX-LINCOLN-LOGAN-
LOVE-MAJOR-MARSHALL-MCCLAIN-MURRAY-NOBLE-OKLAHOMA-PAYNE-PONTOTOC-
POTTAWATOMIE-ROGER MILLS-SEMINOLE-STEPHENS-TILLMAN-WASHITA-WICHITA-
WILBARGER
900 AM CST TUE FEB 3 2009
.NOW...
...REGIONAL WEATHER DISCUSSION...
COLD CANADIAN HIGH PRESSURE...CENTERED OVER ARKANSAS AND MISSOURI THIS
MORNING...WILL SHIFT TO THE EAST TODAY.  AS A RESULT...SOUTHERLY
WINDS INCREASE DURING THE MORNING AND AFTERNOON...ESPECIALLY ACROSS
WESTERN OKLAHOMA.  TEMPERATURES AT MID MORNING WHERE GENERALLY IN THE
20S WITH WIND CHILL READINGS RANGING FROM THE LOWER TEENS TO LOWER
20S.  BY AFTERNOON...TEMPERATURES ARE EXPECTED TO RANGE FROM THE
30S ACROSS NORTH CENTRAL OKLAHOMA TO THE MID AND UPPER 40S
ACROSS WESTERN OKLAHOMA AND WESTERN NORTH TEXAS.
AFTERNOON TEMPERATURES ARE EXPECTED TO REACH THE LOWER 60S ACROSS
FAR WESTERN OKLAHOMA AND ADJACENT AREAS OF NORTH TEXAS.  THIS COMBINED
WITH VERY DRY AIR AND INCREASING WINDS WILL INCREASE FIRE GROWTH
POTENTIAL.
$$
THE EFFECTS OF VARYING SALINITY ON GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION IN THE
COLONIAL HYDROID CORDYLOPHORA.

Michael J. Nies and Nadine C. Folino-Rorem.  
Biology Department, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL 60187.

Cordylophora, (Phylum Cnidaria, class Hydrozoa, family Clavidae) is a colonial hydroid
occurring throughout the world in Europe, Australia, and the Americas.  Cordylophora exists in
both fresh and brackish water and therefore has an amazing ability to survive in varying habitats.
Since this organism can survive such a wide range of salinity, it has become more prevalent as a
fouling organism in many bodies of water globally and has become an organism of increased
interest.  Cordylophora colonies are dioecious and also reproduce asexually via budding, thus
allowing populations to quickly colonize and proliferate in a given habitat.  This experiment
sought to determine morphological and growth changes with varying salinity for two populations
of the colonial hydroid, Cordylophora.  Freshwater hydroids from the Des Plaines River in
Illinois (salinity 0ppt), and brackish water hydroids from Exeter, New Hampshire (salinity 10ppt)
were utilized.  For each population, six trays were established, each containing twelve slides.  To
each slide, a colony of five feeding polyps (no buds or reproductive polyps were used) was
attached.  All six trays of the Des Plaines population were allowed to acclimate at 0ppt for two
days.  The Des Plaines trays were moved in increments of 2ppt from 0ppt to 10ppt over a
two-week period. Through out the experiment, one tray (of twelve slides) was left in the previous
salinity in order to measure the adaptability and survival of this population at various salinities. 
The same protocol was used for the Exeter population but colonies were transferred from 10 ppt
to 0ppt.  To measure growth and morphological changes, numbers of feeding and reproductive
polyps, and buds were recorded as well as the length of tentacles, and length and width of polyps. 
The Des Plaines colonies generally increased in tentacle length, polyp length and width, and the
number of reproductive and feeding polyps as salinity was increased.  The Exeter colonies
responded in an opposite manner.  As salinity was decreased, the number of feeding and
reproductive polyps decreased over the two-week period.  This decrease eventually lead to many
of the Exeter colonies dying at salinities below 6ppt.  The control population at 10ppt continued
to flourish.  These results suggest that growth in Cordylophora is enhanced in a more saline
environment. This may explain the possible range expansion of this organism as changes in water
quality occur due to runoff and other types of water pollution.

Keywords: hydrozoan, Cordylophora, salinity, growth, fouling