PUBLIC NOTICE
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
445 12th STREET, S.W.
WASHINGTON,  D.C. 20554                                 DA 99-398
News media information 202/418-0500     Fax-On-Demand  202/418-2830     Internet:  http://www.fcc.gov    ftp.fcc.gov
                                      Released: February 26, 1999
               THE FCC'S ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR
      THE 2000 WORLD RADIOCOMMUNICATION CONFERENCE OFFERS
  ADDITIONAL PRELIMINARY VIEWS / PROPOSALS ON WRC-2000 ISSUES
The WRC-2000 Advisory Committee is assisting the Commission in the development of proposals
for the World Radiocommunication Conference to be held in the year 2000 (WRC-2000).  On
December 9, 1998, (its fifth meeting) and on February 19, 1999 (its sixth meeting), the Advisory
Committee proposed further preliminary views and a draft proposal on issues that are to be
addressed at WRC-2000.  In addition, the National Telecommunications and Information
Administration's (NTIA) Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS) has submitted to the
Commission a preliminary view and preliminary draft proposals that have been developed by the
Executive Branch agencies.  We request comments on all of these preliminary views and
proposals.
Draft preliminary views and a proposal developed by the Informal Working Groups of the FCC's
WRC-2000 Advisory Committee include: 1) an expansion of a previous preliminary view on
additional allocations to the non-voice mobile-satellite service in the 450-470 MHz band; 2) a
proposal with conclusions regarding the feasibility of mobile-satellite downlinks in the 1559-1567
MHz band; 3) an updated preliminary view addressing replanning of the spectrum for the
broadcasting-satellite service and associated feeder links in ITU Regions 1 and 3; 4) a preliminary
view concerning the application of the Radio Regulations Board's Rules of Procedure with respect
to the broadcasting-satellite service; 5) a preliminary view on the protection of HF frequencies
used by the aeronautical mobile and maritime mobile services for safety and distress
communications; and 6) a preliminary view related to  verification that the power flux density
limits in the international Radio Regulations adequately protect terrestrial services.  The complete
text of these preliminary views is provided in Sections I through V below.
NTIA has provided a draft preliminary view and several proposals which have been developed by
NTIA's RCS.  These appear in Section VI below and consist of:
1) proposals for the Table of Maximum Spurious Emissions in Appendix S3 to the international
Radio Regulations; 2) a preliminary view and proposal relating to a Mobile-Satellite Service
(MSS) downlink at 1559-1567 MHz; 3) a proposal for adding a space-to-space direction to the
radionavigation-satellite service allocations in the 1215-1260 and 1559-1610 MHz bands; 4) a
proposal for allocations of frequency bands above 71 GHz for the earth-exploration (passive) and
radio astronomy services; and 5) proposals for common worldwide allocations for the earth
exploration-satellite (passive) service and protection of sensors in the 18.6-18.8 GHz band.
The complete text of all preliminary views and proposals are available in the FCC's International
Reference Center, 2000 M Street, N.W., Room 102, Washington, D.C. (telephone:  202-418-
1492) or by accessing the FCC's WRC-2000 world wide web site at:  http://www.fcc.gov/wrc-00.
To comment on the above preliminary views or proposals, please submit an original and one copy
of your comments to the Chief, Planning & Negotiations Division, International Bureau, Federal
Communications Commission, 2000 M Street, N.W., Suite 800, Washington, D.C. 20554.
Comments should refer to the above preliminary views or proposals by document number.  Parties
preferring to e-mail their comments should address their comments to:  wrc-99@fcc.gov.  The
deadline for submitting comments is March 12, 1999.
The comments provided will be of assistance to the FCC in its upcoming consultations with the
U.S. Department of State, the NTIA, and other government agencies for developing and updating
U.S. preliminary views.  Once approved by agreement among these U.S. Government agencies,
preliminary views may be used by U.S. delegations to stimulate discussion and feedback and to
attempt to achieve common proposals with other countries on these issues.  The proposed
preliminary views set forth herein may evolve in the course of interagency discussions and
therefore do not constitute a final U.S. Government position on these issues.
I.  Revised Preliminary View of IWG-2 (Informal Working Group on NGSO Mobile-
Satellite Service Below 1 GHz
WRC-2000 AGENDA ITEM 1.11 to consider constraints in existing allocations and additional
allocations for NGSO/MSS below 1 GHz, taking into account Resolutions 214 (Rev. WRC-97)
and 219 (WRC-97); (WAC/025(19.02.99))
ISSUE:  Additional allocations to NVNG (Non-Voice Non-Geostationary) MSS (Earth-to-space)
in the 450-470 MHz band.
BACKGROUND:  Several allocations to NVNG MSS exist in the 450-470 MHz frequency band.
455-456 MHz and 459-460 MHz are allocated to NVNG MSS in the entire ITU-R Region 2 and
in several administrations in each of Regions 1 and 3.  Additionally, the frequency band 454-455
MHz is allocated to the MSS in countries in each of the three ITU-R Regions by Radio
Regulations S5.286D and S5.286E.  The limited allocations in these frequency bands reduce the
ability of potential networks in these bands to provide the worldwide communications services of
which they are inherently capable.  Agenda Item 1.11 includes "  to consider additional
allocations on a worldwide basis for the non-GSO/MSS below 1 GHz  ."
Resolution 214 (Rev. WRC-97) invited the ITU-R to study sharing between both existing and
planned terrestrial services.   The studies conducted within ITU-R Study Groups for frequencies
in the band 450-470 MHz have indicated that with appropriate technical and operational
constraints, Earth-to-space links for NVNG MSS networks can frequency share with certain
terrestrial systems currently operating or planned for operation in the band.
In considerings b), Resolution 214 (Rev WRC-97) indicated that in order to meet projected MSS
requirements below 1 GHz, a range of an additional 7 to 10 MHz will be required in  the near
future.  Additions to the existing NVNG MSS allocations could partially provide the required
NVNG MSS spectrum.
PRELIMINARY VIEW:  ITU-R studies have shown the compatibility of NVNG MSS (Earth-to-
space) allocations with certain types of terrestrial MS systems that operate in the
450-470 MHz band, with certain technical and operational constraints on the NVNG MSS
networks to facilitate co-frequency sharing with the existing services.
The U.S. supports expanding the existing NVNG MSS allocations at 454-455, 455-456, and 459-
460 MHz to worldwide allocations.
II.  Draft Proposal of IWG-3 (Informal Working Group on Mobile-Satellite Service Above
1 GHz (Including NGSO MSS Feeder Link Matters)/Radionavigation-Satellite Service
(GPS) Matters
WRC-2000 AGENDA ITEM 1.9 to take into account the results of ITU-R studies in evaluating
the feasibility of an allocation in the space-to-Earth direction to the mobile-satellite service in a
portion of the 1 559 - 1 567 MHz frequency range, in response to Resolutions 213 and 220
(WRC-97); (WAC/055(19.02.99))
Background
Proposals were made to WRC-97 to reallocate portions of the 1 559 - 1 610 MHz band which,
with the exception of a fixed service allocation in some countries, currently is exclusively
allocated to the radionavigation satellite service and aeronautical radionavigation service
worldwide.  Other proposals were made not to change the existing allocations in these bands.  In
Resolution 220 (WRC-97), the ITU-R was requested to study, as a matter of urgency, the
technical criteria and operational and safety requirements to determine if sharing between the
aeronautical radionavigation and radionavigation-satellite services, operating or planned to be
operate, in the band 1559-1610 MHz, and the mobile-satellite service in a portion of the
1559-1567 MHz frequency range, is feasible, taking into account the essential need to protect
systems operating in the aeronautical radionavigation and radionavigation-satellite services in the
band 1559-1610 MHz.
There are millions of RNSS receivers in use today for a wide range of applications, including
safety-of-life-critical navigation on land, at sea, and in the air.  Today, most of these receivers
operate with the Global Positioning System (GPS), an important element of the Global Navigation
Satellite System (GNSS) that operates in the 1 559 - 1 610 MHz band.
GPS provides position and time information to users by means of one-way transmissions using
RNSS (space-to-Earth) allocations. GPS is information technology that uses systems of hardware
and software, as well as information (time and ephemeris) transmitted from satellites to provide
derived information to the user.
GLONASS and GPS are established elements of the International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO) GNSS, operating in the band 1 559 - 1 610 MHz.  These systems are accepted by the
ICAO Council for use in international civil aviation.  ICAO is currently developing Standards and
Recommended Practices for international application in civil aviation.  The GNSS will be used
during all phases of flight, including precision approaches and landing, and under all weather
conditions. The latter places extensive requirements on the performance characteristics of the
system.  The aeronautical use of RNSS is recognized in the Radio Regulations as a safety-of-life
application.  GPS is the sole basis for the formation of International Atomic Time and
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. GPS is
also the primary means by which clocks are synchronized within telecommunications networks for
Time Division Multiple Access transmissions. Time and frequency functions are or will be
available on other RNSS systems.
As Resolution 220 (WRC-97) recognizes RNSS and ARNS systems are evolutionary and other
types of GNSS are under development for operation in the band 1 559 - 1 610 MHz. There are
both aeronautical and non-aeronautical safety-of-life services in the 1 559 - 1 610 MHz band, and
it is well established that there is an essential need to protect systems operating in the ARNS and
RNSS.
The core signal structures of the MSS and the RNSS and ARNS are fundamentally different:
MSS uses a two-way signal while ARNS and RNSS transmits a weak, receive-only signal. Having
systems from a radiocommunication service operate on a co-primary, co-frequency basis in the 1
559 - 1 610 MHz band would limit ARNS and RNSS operators' flexibility to adjust their spectrum
usage, and would hamper efforts to develop a GNSS that is capable of meeting evolving
international needs and of providing adequate protection for international civil use worldwide.
[Studies undertaken in the ITU-R have been completed, and the results of those studies have been
reported to and considered by CPM-2000.  The studies addressed current aeronautical
radionavigation and radionavigation-satellite service systems, as well as future radionavigation
services planned for this band.
CPM-2000 reached the following conclusions:
                   MSS (space-to-Earth) and ARNS/RNSS are fundamentally incompatible in any portion of the
          1559-1567 MHz band.  Not only do MSS signals disrupt ARNS/RNSS, but GNSS pseudolites
          disrupt MSS signals.
                   The -112 dB(W/m2/MHz) power flux-density level at the Earth's surface that is mentioned in
          Resolution 220 clearly would not protect existing RNSS systems (such as GPS) from harmful
          interference.
                   The RNSS is extensively used, and is continuing to undergo a tremendous expansion which
          drives further evolution.  These factors, along with the many critical timing, positioning, and
          navigation uses of RNSS sharing of the 1559-1610 MHz band, weigh conclusively against
          sharing any portion of the band segment at 1559-1567 MHz with any co-frequency
          communication service.
                   The absence of characteristics of mobile-satellite service systems that would use any portion of
          the band 1559-1567 MHz in the space-to-Earth direction preclude a finding that sharing
          between the MSS (space-to-Earth) and the ARNS/RNSS is feasible.
                   The use of pseudolites in the ARNS/RNSS bands at 1559-1567 MHz is in its early stages, but
          is expected to increase in terms of numbers, geographic scope, and complete utilization of the
          frequency band in the near future.  This use is incompatible with co-frequency MSS
          (space-to-Earth).
                   Not only do MSS signals have the potential to cause significant interference to ARNS and
          RNSS, but GNSS pseudolites and proposed new RNSS systems also have the potential to
          cause significant interference to the MSS (space-to-Earth).]
On the basis of these conclusions, the following proposals are made:
PROPOSALS UNDER AGENDA ITEM 1.9:
Allocations in the 1 559 - 1 610 MHz band
USA/A1.9/1
NOC
                              MHz
                         1 535 - 1 610
                     Allocation to Services
                            Region 1
                            Region 2
                            Region 3
1 559 - 1 610     AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION
                       RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
                                 S5.341  S5.355  S5.359  S5.363
   The United States proposes that no allocation be made to the Mobile Satellite Service
(space-to-Earth) in any portion of the 1559-1567 MHz band.
Reasons:  The current allocation, 1 559-1 610 MHz, is required for radionavigation services,
including critical aeronautical safety applications, on a worldwide basis.  Based on studies
conducted in the ITU-R pursuant to Resolution 220, sharing in this band with communications
services such as the mobile-satellite service (space-to-Earth) is not possible. Efforts to phase out
the remaining fixed service stations operating by footnote are under way.
USA/A1.9/1
SUP
                    RESOLUTION 220 (WRC-97)
         Studies to consider the feasibility of use of
          a portion of the band 1559-1610 MHz by the
           mobile-satellite service (space-to-Earth)
Reasons:  Studies performed by the ITU-R show that co-frequency sharing between the
mobile-satellite service and the radionavigation-satellite and aeronautical radionavigation services
within the band 1559-1567 MHz is not feasible.  The ITU-R studies satisfy the requirement of
Resolution 220 (WRC-97).  As a result, Resolution 220 should be suppressed.
III.  Preliminary View of IWG-5 (Informal Working Group on Aeronautical Mobile and
Maritime Mobile Service Matters)
WRC-2000 AGENDA ITEM 1.7: to review the use of the HF bands by the aeronautical mobile
(R) and maritime mobile services with a view to protecting the operational, distress and safety
communications, taking into account Resolution 346; (WAC/044(09.12.98))
BACKGROUND:  The HF bands allocated for the distress and safety communications of the
Maritime and Aeronautical Mobile (R) Services have been subject to harmful interference caused
by unauthorized use. This unauthorized use of safety related HF frequencies has increased in
recent years and is resulting in considerable worldwide interference to the operational, distress
and safety communications spectrum utilized by the maritime and aeronautical communities.
Considering that radio is the sole means of communications for the aeronautical and maritime
mobile services and that frequencies in the bands allocated to these services are reserved or used
for distress and safety purposes and that the Aeronautical mobile (R) service is a safety service, it
is of paramount importance that the distress and safety channels of the maritime mobile service
and the allocations to the aeronautical mobile (R) safety service be kept free from harmful
interference and unauthorized use since they are essential for the safety of life and property.
The protection of Maritime HF distress and safety frequencies, in particular the frequencies
12,290 kHz and 16,420 kHz, is addressed in Resolution 346 (WRC-97) (COM4-9). The problem
of interference to distress traffic on these frequencies is due to their permitted use as calling
frequencies.  Resolution 346 calls for administrations to minimize the use of these frequencies for
non-safety calling purposes by coast and ship stations.
The interference to HF frequencies allocated to the Aeronautical Mobile (R) Service between
2850 kHz and 22,000kHz appears to be the result of unauthorized non-aviation use of
Aeronautical Mobile (R) frequencies.  In some parts of the world the Aeronautical Mobile (R) HF
frequencies are being used for land mobile, broadcast, fixed point to point communications and
unlicensed applications to support fishing fleets. These unauthorized applications have diminished
the spectrum available for the Aeronautical Mobile (R) safety of life applications.
PRELIMINARY VIEW:  Administrations should ensure that stations of services other than the
Aeronautical Mobile (R) and Maritime Mobile Services abstain from using frequencies in the
distress and safety channels and their guard bands and in the bands allocated exclusively to either
the Aeronautical Mobile (R) or the Maritime Mobile Services.  That Administrations make every
effort to identify and locate the source of any unauthorized emission capable of endangering
human life or property and the safe and regular conduct of aircraft operations, and to take
necessary measures to prevent stations from operating in contravention to the ITU Radio
Regulations.IV.  Preliminary Views of IWG-6 (Informal Working Group on Appendices 30 and 30A
Matters (Broadcasting-Satellite Service)
A. Updated Preliminary View
WRC-2000 AGENDA ITEM 1.19 (As adopted at the 1998 meeting of the Administrative
Council):  To consider the report of the Inter-conference Representative Group (IRG) submitted
by the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau and determine the basis for replanning by
the next conference so as to afford each country an amount of spectrum that permits the
economic development of a broadcasting satellite system. (WAC/047(19.02.99))
ISSUE:     How should the IRG guide GTE studies to provide increased spectrum for countries in
the WRC-97 BSS and associated feeder link Plans for Regions 1 and 3 in accordance with the
principles set forth in Resolution 532(WRC-97).
BACKGROUND:     The IRG, whose report will provide the expert advice to be considered by
WRC-00 in determining the basis for revising the WRC-97 BSS Plan for Regions 1 and 3, was
established by Resolution 532 (WRC-97).  This Resolution calls for studies on the feasibility of
increasing the capacity assigned to each country in the Regions 1 and 3 BSS and feeder link Plans
and sets forth  eight principles to be observed in these studies.
PRELIMINARY VIEW:     The U.S. supports the objective of increasing the capacity assigned to
each Region 1 and 3 country sufficiently to permit the economic development of BSS systems.
The U.S. believes that a capacity equivalent to 10 analogue channels per country, as described in
Principle 1 of Annex 1 to Resolution 532 (WRC-97),  is  appropriate for such development.
   In considering alternative approaches for achieving this replanning objective, the U.S.
considers it essential to take into account, not only notified assignments as described in Principle 3
of Annex 1, but also proposed modifications to the Plan that have been published and which meet
the due diligence requirements of Resolution 49(WRC-97).  The basis for this view is that many
of these modifications will, in fact, have been notified, brought into use, and the date of bringing
into use confirmed to the Bureau well before the Conference at which the Regions 1 and 3
replanning will take place. Additionally, the U.S. is of the view that the objectives of long term
flexibility and of leaving capacity for future requirements (principles 4 and 5 of Annex 1 to
Resolution 532) can best be achieved through the adoption of an all-digital approach, as
contemplated in Principle 6 of Annex 1. We note that the number of television program channels
that can be broadcast with an all-digital approach is at least five times the number of assigned
analogue channels.
   Finally, any possible replanning must protect Region 2 services in accordance with the
current criteria of Appendices S30 and S30A, and must not introduce additional constraints upon,
those services, in accordance with Principles 7 and 8 of Annex 1 to Resolution 532 (WRC-97).
B. Preliminary View
WRC-2000 AGENDA ITEM 1.19bis (As adopted at the 1998 meeting of the ITU Council):  in
accordance with [Article S14], to consider objections expressed by administrations with respect
to the RRB Rules of Procedure relating to the application of [RR2674/S23.13] in order for the
Bureau to modify its findings in accordance with the conclusions of the conference.
(WAC/048(19.02.99))
ISSUE:      Rules of Procedure associated with No. S23.13 (RR2674).
BACKGROUND:     No. S23.13 (RR2674) states:
      "In devising the characteristics of a space station in the broadcasting-satellite service, all
   technical means available shall be used to reduce, to the maximum, the radiation over the
   territory of other countries unless an agreement has been previously reached with such
   countries."
No. S23.13 (RR2674) was adopted at WARC-71.  It was intended as a statement of good
engineering practice to reduce BSS interference with the terrestrial services outside of the
intended service area. At WRC-95, however, some countries sought to have the interpretation of
No. S23.13 (RR 2674) revised to require, as a condition for registration, the approval of other
countries within the service area of a BSS system proposed as a plan modification.  After
thorough debate, WRC-95 instructed the RRB to revise its Rules of Procedures to reflect the
results of its debate.  The decision reached by WRC-95 reflected a difficult compromise on the
parts of all parties involved.  The RRB made the revisions, but further concerns were raised at
WRC-97.  These concerns led WRC-97 to adopt Resolution 536 which resolves that:
      in addition to observing No. S23.13/2674, and before providing satellite broadcasting
   services to other administrations, administrations originating the services should obtain
   the agreement of those other administrations.
The ITU Council at its 1998 meeting added Item 1.19 bis to the Agenda for WRC-2000.
PRELIMINARY VIEW:      Agenda Item 1.19 bis has the effect of re-opening an issue that was
resolved after much discussion first at WRC-95, and then at WRC-97 by the adoption of
Resolution 536.  There is no need to repeat the work and discussion of WRC-95 and WRC-97.
Further, the United States is concerned that re-opening this issue could compromise the principle of free
flow of information contained in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which provides
that: "Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold
opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media
regardless of frontiers." The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, including Article 19 just quoted, was
passed by the UN General Assembly on 10 December 1948.
V.  Preliminary Views of IWG-7 (Informal Working Group on Fixed and Fixed-Satellite
Service Matters
WRC-2000 AGENDA ITEM 1.4: Verification of PFD limits in Article S21 to determine
whether they protect adequately terrestrial services from FSS networks in the band
37-40 GHz, Resolution 133; (WRC-97) (WAC/049(19.02.99))
ISSUE:     Verification of PFD Limits in Art. 21 as to whether they adequately protect
terrestrial services from FSS networks in the bands 37-40 GHz. (Resolution 133)
BACKGROUND:     RR 2581 (S21.0) specifies that the PFD limits between 31.0 GHz and
40.5 GHz shall be as specified in RR 2578. This regulation indicates that the PFD limits shall
be:
          -115 dB (W/m2) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 0 and 5 degrees
     above the horizontal plane,
          -115 + 0.5 (D-5) dB (W/m2) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival (in degrees)
     between 5 and 25 degrees above the horizontal plane,
          -105 dB (W/m2) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 25 and 90 degrees
     above the horizontal plane.
          The issue of adequacy of PFD limits is being addressed through the performance of
     necessary studies in WP 4/9-S.
PRELIMINARY VIEW:     The U.S. Preliminary View is based on the status of the WP 4/9-S
studies.
Based on preliminary CPM information from technical studies in ITU-R WP 4/9-S
(TEMP/53), the current view is that the ITU power flux density limits of  115/-105
dB(W/m2per MHz) currently specified in the band 37.5-40.5 GHz are adequate to protect the
fixed service. However, the Chairman's Report for WP 4/9-S indicates that prior to
concluding on the acceptability of the pfd limits at the next WP 4-9S meeting, additional
sharing studies should consider, for example:
                   Other FS point-to-point systems (including systems using high modulation
          schemes, e.g., 256 QAM), point-to-multipoint systems and FSS systems;
                   The suitability of pfd levels at high FS elevation angles;
                   The propagation information contained in draft new Recommendation [4-
          9S/AD] (see Document 4-9S/TEMP/45(Rev.1));
                   The effect of aggregate interference from multiple FSS systems.
VI.  Preliminary Views and Draft Proposals of NTIA's Radio Conference Subcommittee
WRC-2000 AGENDA ITEM 1.2:  Finalize Space Service Spurious Emissions in Appendix
S3; Recommendation 66 (Rev. WRC-97) (WAC/050))
                                Proposals For Agenda Item 1.2
    Appendix S3, Table of Maximum Permitted Spurious Emission
                                Power Levels (See Article S3)
Background Information:
Recommendation No. 66 (Rev. WRC 97) directs the ITU-R to submit a report to WRC-00
with a view to finalizing the space services spurious emissions limits in Appendix S3 of
the Radio Regulations.  The United States proposes text that would remove the
"design objectives" designation from the space services spurious emissions limits and
make related appropriate modifications applicable to deep-space systems, satellites
with spurious emissions falling within the necessary bandwidth of another
transmitter on the same satellite, and amateur earth stations below 30 MHz.
Furthermore, the United States proposes to correct an oversight in Appendix S3
regarding limits for the radiodetermination service, and specify that spurious
emission levels for radar systems be determined from radiated emissions.
USA/  / 1
MOD
                         APPENDIX  S3
             Table of Maximum Permitted Spurious
                    Emission Power Levels
                       (See Article S3)
APS3
1. The following sections indicate the maximum permitted levels of spurious
emissions, in terms of power as indicated in the tables, of any spurious
component supplied by a transmitter to the antenna transmission line. Section
1 is applicable until 1 January 2012 to transmitters installed on or before
1 January 2003; Section 2 is applicable to transmitters installed after 1 January
2003 and to all transmitters after 1 January 2012. This Appendix does not cover out-
of-band emissions. Out-of-band emissions are dealt with in No. S4.5 of the Radio
Regulations.
2.   Spurious emission from any part of the installation, other than the antenna and its
transmission line, shall not have an effect greater than would occur if this antenna system
were supplied with the maximum permitted power at that spurious emission frequency.
3.   These levels shall not, however, apply to emergency position-indicating radiobeacon
(EPIRB) stations, emergency locator transmitters, ships' emergency transmitters, lifeboat
transmitters, survival craft stations or maritime transmitters when used in emergency
situations.
4.   For technical or operational reasons, more stringent levels than those specified may
be applied to protect specific services in certain frequency bands. The levels applied to
protect these services, such as safety and passive services, shall be those agreed upon by the
appropriate world radiocommunication conference. More stringent levels may also be fixed
by specific agreement between the administrations concerned. Additionally, special
consideration of transmitter spurious emissions may be required for the protection of safety
services, radio astronomy and space services using passive sensors. Information on the levels
of interference detrimental to radio astronomy, Earth exploration satellites and
meteorological passive sensing is given in the most recent version of Recommendation
ITU-R SM.329.
5.   Spurious emission limits for combined radiocommunication and information
technology equipment are those for the radiocommunication transmitters.
Section I.  Spurious Emission Limits for Transmitters Installed on
    or Before 1 January 2003 (valid until 1 January 2012)
      Radar systems are exempt from spurious emission limits under this section.  The
   measurement methods for radar systems should be guided by
   Recommendation ITU-R M.1177. For those radar systems for which acceptable
   methods of measurement do not exist, Tthe lowest practicable power of
   spurious emission should be achieved.
                           TABLE  I
Attenuation values and absolute mean power levels used to calculate
                           maximum
permitted spurious emission power levels for use with radio equipment
Frequency band
containing the
assignment
(lower limit
exclusive,
upper limit inclusive)
For any spurious component, the
attenuation (mean power within the
necessary bandwidth relative to
the mean power of the spurious
component concerned) shall be at
least that specified below and the
absolute mean power levels given
shall not be exceeded
(Note 1)
9 kHz to 30 MHz
40 decibels
50 milliwatts
2), 3), 4)
30 MHz to 235 MHz
  mean power above 25
watts
60 decibels
1 milliwatts
5)
  mean power 25 watts
or less
40 decibels
25 microwatts
235 MHz to 960 MHz
  mean power above 25
watts
60 decibels
20 milliwatts
6), 7)
  mean power 25 watts
or less
40 decibels
25 microwatts
6), 7)
960 MHz to 17.7 GHz
  mean power above 10
watts
50 decibels
100 milliwatts
6), 7), 8), 9)
  mean power 10 watts
or less
100 microwatts
6), 7), 8), 9)
Above 17.7 GHz
The lowest possible values
achievable shall be employed (see
Recommendation 66 (Rev.WRC-97)).
                               
Notes to Table I
     1)   When checking compliance with the provisions of the
table, it shall be verified that the bandwidth of the measuring
equipment is sufficiently wide to accept all significant components of
the spurious emission concerned.
     2)   For mobile transmitters which operate below 30 MHz, any
spurious component shall have an attenuation of at least 40 decibels
without exceeding the value of 200 milliwatts, but every effort should
be made to comply with the level of 50 milliwatts wherever
practicable.
     3)   For transmitters of a mean power exceeding 50 kilowatts
which can operate on two or more frequencies covering a frequency
range approaching an octave or more, while a reduction below 50
milliwatts is not mandatory, a minimum attenuation of 60 decibels shall
be provided.
     4)   For hand-portable equipment of mean power less than
5 watts, the attenuation shall be 30 decibels, but every practicable
effort should be made to attain 40 decibels attenuation.
     5)   Administrations may adopt a level of 10 milliwatts
provided that harmful interference is not caused.
     6)   Where several transmitters feed a common antenna or
closely spaced antennas on neighbouring frequencies, every
practicable effort should be made to comply with the levels specified.
     7)   Since these levels may not provide adequate protection
for receiving stations in the radio astronomy and space services, more
stringent levels might be considered in each individual case in the light
of the geographical position of the stations concerned.
     8)   These levels are not applicable to systems using digital
modulation techniques, but may be used as a guide. Values for these
systems may be provided by the relevant ITU-R Recommendations, when
available (see Recommendation 66 (Rev.WRC 97)).
     9)   These levels are not applicable to stations in the space
services, but the levels of their spurious emissions should be reduced to
the lowest possible values compatible with the technical and economic
constraints to which the equipment is subject. Values for these systems
may be provided by the relevant ITU-R Recommendations, when
available (see Recommendation 66 Rev.WRC-97)).
  Section II.  Spurious Emission Limits for Transmitters
        Installed After 1 January 2003 and for All
             Transmitters After 1 January 2012
                Application of these limits
  7.   The frequency range of the measurement of spurious emissions is from 9 kHz
  to 110 GHz or the second harmonic if higher.
  8.   Guidance regarding the methods of measuring spurious emissions is given in
  the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R SM.329. The e.i.r.p. method
  specified in that Recommendation should be used when it is not possible to measure
  the power supplied to the antenna transmission line, or where it is more
  appropriate, due to the antenna signal attenuation characteristics. Additionally,
  the e.i.r.p. method may need some modification for special cases, e.g. beam-forming
  radars.
  9.   Guidance regarding the methods of measuring spurious emissions from radar
  systems is given in the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R M.1177. The
  reference bandwidths required for proper measurement of radar spurious
  emissions should be calculated for each particular radar system. Thus, for the
  three general types of radar pulse modulation utilized for radionavigation,
  radiolocation, acquisition, tracking and other radiodetermination functions, the
  reference bandwidth values should be:
              for fixed-frequency, non-pulse-coded radar, one divided by the radar pulse
        length, in seconds (e.g. if the radar pulse length is 1 microsecond, then the
        reference bandwidth is 1/1s = 1 MHz);
              for fixed-frequency, phase coded pulsed radar, one divided by  the  phase
        chip length, in seconds (e.g. if the phase coded chip is 2 microseconds long,
        then the reference bandwidth is 1/2s = 500 kHz);
              for frequency modulated (FM) or chirped radar, the square root of the
        quantity obtained by dividing the radar bandwidth in MHz by the pulse
        length, in seconds (e.g. if the FM is from 1 250 to 1 280 MHz or 30 MHz during
        the pulse of 10 microseconds, then the reference bandwidth is
        (30 MHz/10s)1/2 = 1.73 MHz).
  For those radar systems for which acceptable methods of measurement do not
  exist, the lowest practicable power of spurious emission should be achieved.
  10.  The spurious emission levels are specified in the following reference
  bandwidths:
              1 kHz between 9 kHz and 150 kHz
              10 kHz between 150 kHz and 30 MHz
              100 kHz between 30 MHz and 1 GHz
              1 MHz above 1 GHz
       As a special case, the reference bandwidth of all space service spurious
  emissions should be 4 kHz.
  11.  For the purpose of setting limits, all emissions, including harmonic
  emissions, intermodulation products, frequency conversion products and parasitic
  emissions, which fall at frequencies separated from the centre frequency of the
  emission by 250%, or more, of the necessary bandwidth of the emission will
  generally be considered as spurious emissions. However, this frequency separation
  may be dependent on the type of modulation used, the maximum bit rate in the case
  of digital modulation, the type of transmitter and frequency coordination
  factors. For example, in the case of digital (including digital broadcasting)
  modulation systems, broadband systems, pulsed modulation systems and narrow-
  band high power transmitters, the frequency separation may need to differ from
  the 250% factor. For multichannel or multicarrier transmitters/transponders,
  where several carriers may be transmitted simultaneously from a final output
  amplifier or an active antenna, the centre frequency of the emission is taken to be
  the centre of the  3 dB bandwidth of the transmitter or transponder and the
  necessary bandwidth is taken to be the transmitter or transponder bandwidth.
  11bis.  For satellites employing more than one transponder, spurious emission
  limits do not apply to those emissions that fall within the necessary bandwidth of
  another transmitter on the same satellite.
  12.  Examples of applying 43 + 10 log (P) to calculate attenuation
  requirements
       Where specified in relation to mean power, spurious emissions are to be at
  least x dB below the total mean power P, i.e.  x dBc. The power P (in watts) is to be
  measured in a bandwidth wide enough to include the total mean power. The
  spurious emissions are to be measured in the reference bandwidths given in the
  Recommendation. The measurement of the spurious emission power is independent
  of the value of necessary bandwidth. Because the absolute emission power limit,
  derived from 43 + 10 log (P), can become too stringent for high-power transmitters,
  alternative relative powers are also provided in Table II.
  Example 1
       A land mobile transmitter, with any value of necessary bandwidth, must
  meet a spurious emission attenuation of 43 + 10 log (P), or 70 dBc, whichever is less
  stringent. To measure spurious emissions in the frequency range between 30 MHz
  and 1 000 MHz, Recommendation ITU-R SM.329-7 recommends 4.1 indicates the use of
  a reference bandwidth of 100 kHz. For other frequency ranges, the measurement
  must use the appropriate reference bandwidths given in recommends 4.1.
       With a measured total mean power of 10 watts:
              Attenuation relative to total mean power = 43 + 10 log (10) = 53 dBc.
              The 53 dBc is less stringent than 70 dBc, so the 53 dBc value is used.
              Therefore: Spurious emissions must not exceed 53 dBc in a 100 kHz
        bandwidth, or converting to an absolute level, spurious emissions must not
        exceed 10 dBW   53 dBc =  43 dBW in a 100 kHz reference bandwidth.
       With a measured total mean power of 1 000 watts:
              Attenuation relative to total mean power = 43 + 10 log (1 000) = 73 dBc.
              The 73 dBc is more stringent than 70 dBc limit, so the 70 dBc value is used.
          Therefore: Spurious emissions must not exceed 70 dBc in a 100 kHz
      bandwidth, or converting to an absolute level, spurious emissions must
      not exceed 30 dBW   70 dBc =  40 dBW in a 100 kHz reference bandwidth.  Example 2
       A space service transmitter with any value of necessary bandwidth must
  meet a spurious emission attenuation of 43 + 10 log (P), or 60 dBc, whichever is less
  stringent. To measure spurious emissions at any frequency, Note 1 to Table II
  indicates using a reference bandwidth of 4 kHz.
       With a measured total mean power of 20 watts:
              Attenuation relative to total mean power = 43 + 10 log (20) = 56 dBc.
              The 56 dBc is less stringent than the 60 dBc limit, so the 56 dBc value is used.
              Therefore: Spurious emissions must not exceed 56 dBc in a 4 kHz reference
        bandwidth, or converting to an absolute level, spurious emissions must not
        exceed 13 dBW   56 dBc =  43 dBW in a 4 kHz reference bandwidth.
                         TABLE  II
Attenuation values used to calculate maximum permitted spurious
                         emission
         power levels for use with radio equipment
                    Service category in
                      accordance with
                       Article S1, or
                     equipment type15)
              Attenuation (dB) below the power
            supplied to the antenna transmission
                            line
  All services except
  those services quoted
  below:
  43 + 10 log (P), or 70 dBc, whichever is
  less stringent
  Space services (earth
  stations)
  10), 14), 16
  43 + 10 log (P), or 60 dBc, whichever is
  less stringent
  Space services (space
  stations)
  10), 14), 17)
  43 + 10 log (P), or 60 dBc, whichever is
  less stringent
  Radiodetermination 14)
  43 + 10 log (PEP), or 60 dB, whichever is
  less stringent
  Broadcast television11)
  46 + 10 log (P), or 60 dBc, whichever is
  less stringent, without exceeding the
  absolute mean power level of 1 mW for
  VHF stations or 12 mW for UHF stations.
  However, greater attenuation may be
  necessary on a case by case basis.
  Broadcast FM
  46 + 10 log (P), or 70 dBc, whichever is
  less stringent; the absolute mean power
  level of 1 mW should not be exceeded
  Broadcasting at MF/HF
  50 dBc; the absolute mean power level
  of 50 mW should not be exceeded
  SSB from mobile
  stations12)
  43 dB below PEP
  Amateur services
  operating below 30
  MHz (including with
  SSB)12), 16)
  43 + 10 log (PEP), or 50 dB, whichever is
  less stringent
                        TABLE  II (END)
                      Service category in
                    accordance with Article
                    S1, or equipment type15)
                   Attenuation (dB) below the
                             power
                    supplied to the antenna
                       transmission line
Services operating below
30 MHz, except space,
radiodetermination,
broadcast, those using
SSB from mobile stations,
and amateur12)
43 + 10 log (X), or 60 dBc,
whichever is less stringent,
where X = PEP for SSB
modulation, and X = P for other
modulation
Low-power device radio
equipment13)
56 + 10 log (P), or 40 dBc,
whichever is less stringent
Emergency position-
indicating radio beacon
Emergency locator
transmitter
Personal location beacon
Search and rescue
transponder
Ship emergency, lifeboat
and survival craft
transmitters
Land, aeronautical or
maritime transmitters
when used in emergency
No limit
         P: mean power in watts supplied to the antenna transmission
     line, in accordance with No. S1.158. When burst
     transmission is used, the mean power P and the mean power
     of any spurious emissions are measured using power
     averaging over the burst duration.
         PEP: peak envelope power in watts supplied to the antenna
     transmission line, in accordance with No. S1.157.
         dBc: decibels relative to the unmodulated carrier power of
     the emission. In the cases which do not have a carrier, for
     example in some digital modulation schemes where the
     carrier is not accessible for measurement, the reference
     level equivalent to dBc is decibels relative to the mean power P.

Notes to Table II
     10)  Spurious emission limits for all space services are stated
in a 4 kHz reference bandwidth.
     11)  For analogue television transmissions, the mean power
level is defined with a specified video signal modulation. This video
signal has to be chosen in such a way that the maximum mean power
level (e.g. at the video signal blanking level for negatively modulated
television systems) is supplied to the antenna transmission line.
     12)  All classes of emission using SSB are included in the
category "SSB".
     13)  Low-power radio devices having a maximum output power
of less than
100 mW and intended for short-range communication or control
purposes; such equipment is in general exempt from individual licensing.
     14)  These values are "design objectives". This note will not
be applicable after the 1999 World Radiocommunication
Conference.Radar system spurious emission levels shall be determined
for radiated emission levels, not at the antenna transmission line. The
measurement methods for determining the radiated spurious emission
levels from the radar systems should be guided by Recommendation
ITU R M.1177.
     15)  In some cases of digital modulation (including digital
broadcasting), broadband systems, pulsed modulation and narrow-band
high-power transmitters for all categories of services, there may be
difficulties in meeting limits close to 250% of the necessary
bandwidth.
     16)  Limits for amateur earth stations operating below 30 MHz
are those applied to "Amateur services operating below 30 MHz
(including SSB)."
     17)  Deep Space space station systems are exempt from spurious
emission limits.
                    Reasons: Recommendation No. 66 (Rev. WRC 97) directs the ITU-R to submit
          a report to WRC 99 [00] with a view to finalizing the space services spurious
          emissions limits in Appendix S3 of the Radio Regulations.  The United States
          proposes to confirm the values in Table II and "clean up" the table by
          removing the "design objectives" designation from the space services
          spurious emissions limits.  Furthermore, by clarifying the exemption of
          radar systems from the Section I limits, the United States proposes to
          correct an oversight in Appendix S3 regarding limits for the
          radiodetermination service that may lead incorrectly to the application
          of the Section I limits to radars.  Also, the United States proposes to
          clarify the application of the e.i.r.p. measurement method to radars
          particularly, but also to other systems where antenna line measurements
          may not be appropriate.WRC-2000 AGENDA ITEM 1.9: to take into account the results of ITU-R studies in
evaluating the feasibility of an allocation in the space-to-Earth direction to the
mobile-satellite service (MSS) in a portion of the 1 559 - 1 567 MHz frequency
range, in response to Resolutions 213 (WRC-97) and 220 (WRC-97) (WAC/051(17.12.98))
PRELIMINARY VIEW:
ISSUE:  Mobile-Satellite Service (MSS) downlink at 1559-1567 MHz
BACKGROUND:  The band 1559-1610 MHz is allocated to Radionavigation
Satellite Service (RNSS) and the Aeronautical Radionavigation Service (ARNS).
An objective of the United States, as well as the International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO), is the implementation of a global navigation satellite
system (GNSS) that can support aeronautical safety in all phases of flight.  The
implementation of GNSS will require use of the 1559-1610 MHz band, which is the
sole band currently identified to meet present and future requirements of
GNSS and its augmentations.  A principal component of GNSS operating in this
band today is Global Position System (GPS), a navigation satellite
constellation providing a worldwide free-of-charge utility that is being used
increasingly for critical radionavigation, geolocation and timing functions.
GPS will be an element of GNSS. There are many types of GPS receivers and
applications, including aeronautical radionavigation for all phases of flight,
maritime, and uses on land such as surveying, automobiles and scientific
investigations.  Systems that augment GPS in critical applications are
developing.  Some of these systems are planned to operate using frequencies in
the lower end of the 1559-1610 MHz band.  These systems would be blocked by a
Mobile-Satellite Service (MSS) allocation.  In addition, there are new RNSS
systems being proposed that would operate in the 1559-1567 MHz band, such as
the European Space Agency's, European Navigation Satellite System.
WRC-97 adopted RES 220 in response to a proposal to add an allocation to the
1559-1567 MHz band for the Mobile-Satellite Service.  ITU-R WP8D has been
tasked with performing studies to determine if sharing between MSS and ARNS
and RNSS is feasible.  The ITU Radio Regulation S4.10 states "Members recognize
that the safety aspects of radionavigation and other safety services require
special measures to ensure their freedom from harmful interference; it is
necessary therefore to take this factor into account in the assignment and use
of frequencies."  The United States is working in WP8D and ICAO to document
GPS requirements and the requirements for new systems in this band.  Studies
are largely completed to determine interference requirements of a broad
range of GPS receivers covering safety and non-safety applications.
Further work is planned for the next WP8D meeting.
PRELIMINARY VIEW: Based on present and future requirements of the
radionavigation satellite services and in particular civil aviation, there is a
need to retain the 1559-1610 MHz band for exclusive use by ARNS and the RNSS.
Accordingly, the United States opposes any proposed MSS allocation in the
1559-1610 MHz band, and recommends suppression of Res. 220. (19Jan99)
PRELIMINARY DRAFT PROPOSALS:
Background:  The frequency range under consideration, 1 559 to 1 567 MHz, is allocated
on a co-primary basis to Radionavigation Satellite Service (RNSS) (space to Earth) and
Aeronautical Radionavigation Service (ARNS.)  Additionally, the band is allocated to the
Fixed Service (FS) in some countries.
There are millions of RNSS receivers in use today for a wide range of applications,
including safety-of-life-critical navigation on land, at sea, and in the air.  Today, most
of these receivers operate with the Global Positioning System (GPS), an important
element of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) that operates in the 1 559 - 1
610 MHz band.
GPS provides position and time information to users by means of one-way transmissions
using RNSS (space-to-Earth) allocations. GPS is information technology that uses
systems of hardware and software, as well as information (time and ephemeris)
transmitted from satellites to provide derived information to the user.
GLONASS and GPS are established elements of the International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO) GNSS, operating in the band 1 559 - 1 610 MHz.  These systems are
accepted by the ICAO Council for use in international civil aviation.  ICAO is currently
developing Standards and Recommended Practices for international application in civil
aviation.  The GNSS will be used during all phases of flight, including precision
approaches and landing, and under all weather conditions. The latter places extensive
requirements on the performance characteristics of the system.  The aeronautical use
of RNSS is recognized in the Radio Regulations as a safety-of-life application.  GPS is the
sole basis for the formation of International Atomic Time and Coordinated Universal
Time (UTC) by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. GPS is also the primary
means by which clocks are synchronized within telecommunications networks for Time
Division Multiple Access transmissions. Time and frequency functions are or will be
available on other RNSS systems.
As Resolution 220 (WRC-97) recognizes RNSS and ARNS systems are evolutionary and
other types of GNSS are under development for operation in the band 1 559 - 1 610 MHz.
There are both aeronautical and non-aeronautical safety-of-life services in the 1 559 -
1 610 MHz band, and it is well established that there is an essential need to protect
systems operating in the ARNS and RNSS.
The core signal structures of the MSS and the RNSS and ARNS are fundamentally
different: MSS uses a two-way signal while ARNS and RNSS transmits a weak, receive-only
signal. Having systems from a radiocommunication service operate on a co-primary, co-
frequency basis in the 1 559 - 1 610 MHz band would limit ARNS and RNSS operators'
flexibility to adjust their spectrum usage, and would hamper efforts to develop a GNSS
that is capable of meeting evolving international needs and of providing adequate
protection for international civil use worldwide.
Studies conducted in the ITU-R indicate the incompatibility of the MSS (space-to-Earth)
and ARNS and RNSS in any portion of the 1 559 - 1 567 MHz band.  Not only do MSS signals
have the potential to cause significant interference to ARNS and RNSS, but GNSS
pseudolites and proposed new RNSS systems also have the potential to cause significant
interference to the MSS (space-to-Earth).Proposal:
USA/  / 1
NOC
                    The United States proposes that no allocation be made to the Mobile
          Satellite Service in the 1559-1567 MHz band.
                    Reasons:  The mobile satellite service is not compatible with RNSS
          and ARNS use of the 1559-1567 MHz band.
USA/  / 2
SUP
                   RESOLUTION  220  (WRC-97)
          Studies to consider the feasibility of use of a portion
          of the band 1 559-1 610 MHz by the mobile-satellite
          service (space-to-Earth)Suppress WRC-97 Resolution 220
                    Reasons:  Studies performed by the ITU-R show that MSS systems are
          incompatible with GNSS; therefore, sharing of the band 1559-1567 MHz
          is not feasible.  These studies satisfy the requirement of Resolution
          220; therefore Res. 220 should be deleted.
WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.15.2: to consider the addition of the space-to-space
direction to the radionavigation-satellite service allocations in the bands 1 215 -1
260 and 1 559 - 1610 MHz (WAC/051(29.01.99)
Background:  Radionavigation-Satellite Service (RNSS) systems such as the
Global Positioning System and Global Navigation Satellite System are primarily
being used in the space-to-Earth direction to provide service to terrestrial users.
These systems are, however, also increasingly being used in the space-to-space
direction by spaceborne users for such applications as spacecraft three-
dimensional positioning and velocity determination; three-axis attitude control;
precise time synchronization; precision orbit determination, and atmospheric
science.  The use of RNSS signals is presently protected only through a space-to-
Earth allocation in the 1 215 - 1 260 and 1 559 - 1 610 MHz bands.  Recognizing
current and future operational usage of spaceborne RNSS receivers for scientific
and commercial applications, it is important to add the space-to-space direction
to the existing RNSS allocations so that these uses can be taken into
consideration when changes to the use of these bands are contemplated.
Interference studies have been conducted to assess the sensitivity of spaceborne
RNSS receivers to interference from radiolocation, Earth exploration-satellite
(active), space research (active), fixed, mobile and aeronautical radionavigation
services in the 1 215 - 1 260 MHz band; from the aeronautical radionavigation and
fixed services in the 1 559 - 1 610 MHz band; and also their sensitivity to intra-
service interference between radionavigation satellite service systems in these
two bands.
The ITU-R has concluded that the addition of a space-to-space direction to the 1
215 - 1 260 MHz and 1 559 - 1 610 MHz RNSS bands will not cause any additional
interference to other services since it involves no change to the space-to-Earth
transmissions.
Studies demonstrate that RNSS spaceborne receivers can operate satisfactorily
in the presence of interference caused by systems in other services as well as
other RNSS systems. Potential interference from services in adjacent bands was
also examined.
Existing coordination procedures are adequate for space-to-space operations.Proposal
MHz
1 215   1 260
Allocation to Services
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
USA/  / 3
MOD
1 215-1 240      EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (active)
                 RADIOLOCATION
                 RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
           (space-to-space)
                 SPACE RESEARCH (active)
                                                            S5.329  S5.330  S5.331
USA/  / 4
MOD
1 240-1 260      EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (active)
                 RADIOLOCATION
                 RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
           (space-to-space)
                 SPACE RESEARCH (active)
                 Amateur
                                                                                               S5.329  S5.330  S5.331  S5.332  S5.3
              Reasons:  Provide an allocation for space-to-space use for RNSS, which
     will ensure the protection of space-based RNSS receivers.
MHz
1 559   1 610
Allocation to Services
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
USA/  / 5
MOD
1 559   1 610     AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION
                  RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
           (space-to-space)
                  S5.341   S5.355   S5.359   S5.363
                  Reasons:  Provide an allocation for space-to-space use for RNSS,
         which will ensure the protection of space-based RNSS receivers.
AGENDA ITEM 1.16:   to consider the allocations of frequency bands above 71 GHz to the
earth exploration-satellite (passive) and radio astronomy services, taking into account
Resolution 723(WRC-97); (WAC-041(9.12.98))
NTIA has drafted preliminary proposed changes to the frequency allocation table
(71-
275 GHz) to accommodate the earth exploration satellite (passive) and radio
astronomy services and includes a draft resolution concerning the use of the bands by
the radio astronomy service and an analysis of proposals for the passive services.
Note: The draft preliminary proposal is not included here because of its size.  A copy
of this document is available in the FCC's International Reference Center and at the
FCC's WRC-2000 web site listed in this public notice.
AGENDA ITEM 1.17:   to consider possible worldwide allocation for the earth
exp;oration-satellite (passive) service in the band 18.6 - 18.8 GHz, taking into account the
results of the ITU-R studies; (WAC/042(05.10.98))
Background Information:
At present, the allocations for the Earth exploration-satellite (passive) and the
space research (passive) services in the band 18.6 - 18.8 GHz are on a primary basis in
Region 2, but on a secondary basis in Regions 1 and 3.  This allocation must be
upgraded to primary status if the long-term ability to obtain environmental data
with passive spaceborne sensors is to be preserved.  Compatibility between the
passive sensors and the fixed and fixed-satellite services requires adoption of
constraints on the parameters of the fixed and fixed-satellite systems that use the
band.  A pfd limit of [-101] dBW/m2 in a reference bandwidth of 200 MHz on systems in
the fixed-satellite service will enable passive sensors to perform their mission if
measurements are restricted to portions of the sensor orbit where the sensor is
moving away from the equator.  A limit of [-3] dBW on the power in the 18.6 - 18.8 GHz
band that is delivered to an antenna of a fixed service station with a [-10] dBi
backlobe gain will enable sharing with the fixed service.
Proposal:
USA/ /1
MOD
GHz
18.6   18.8
Allocation to Services
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
18.6   18.8
EARTH
EXPLORATION-
SATELLITE (passive)
FIXED
 FIXED-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
    MOD S5.523
 MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
 Earth Exploration-
Satellite
(passive)
 Space Research
(passive)
MOD S5.522
18.6   18.8
 EARTH
EXPLORATION-
SATELLITE (passive)
FIXED
 FIXED-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
    MOD S5.523
 MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
 SPACE RESEARCH
(passive)
MOD S5.522
18.6   18.8
EARTH EXPLORATION-
SATELLITE (passive)
FIXED
 FIXED-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
    MOD S5.523
 MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
 Earth Exploration-
Satellite
(passive)
 Space Research (passive)
MOD S5.522
                    Reasons:  To establish a common worldwide primary allocation to
          the Earth exploration-satellite (passive) services to be used for
          environmental measurements.
USA/  / 2
MOD
S5.522  In making assignments to stations in the fixed and mobile
services, administrations are invited to take account of passive
sensors in the Earth exploration-satellite and space research
services operating in the band 18.6 - 18.8 GHz.  In this band,
administrations should endeavour to limit as far as possible both
the power delivered by the transmitter to the antenna and the
e.i.r.p. in order to reduce the risk of interference to passive
sensors to the minimum. In the band 18.6 - 18.8 GHz, fixed and mobile
service stations shall be limited to a total power delivered to
each antenna of [-3] dBW.
                          Reasons:  To enable passive sensors and the fixed service to
             operate in the band without excessive interference to the
             sensors.
USA/  / 3
        MOD
S5.523  In assigning frequencies to stations in the fixed-satellite
service in the direction space-to-Earth, administrations are
requested to limit as far as practicable the power flux-density at
the Earth's surface in the band 18.6 - 18.8 GHz, in order to reduce
the risk of interference to passive sensors in the earth
exploration-satellite and space research services.In the band 18.6
- 18.8 GHz, the fixed-satellite service shall be limited to a power
flux density at the Earth's surface of [-101] dBW/m2 in a reference
bandwidth of 200 MHz for all angles of arrival.
                          Reasons:  To enable passive sensors and the fixed-satellite
             service to operate in the band without excessive interference to
             the sensors.
                         _____________
For additional information, please contact Damon C. Ladson at 418-2150 or John Giusti at 418-
1407 .
                            - FCC -