NCEP WRF Post Processor User Guide
 Hui-Ya Chuang and Geoff DiMego
 Hui-Ya.Chuang@noaa.gov
 
 
 I) INTRODUCTION:
 
 Through the herculean efforts of Mike Baldwin of
 NSSL/CIMMS and Hui-Ya Chuang of NCEP, we are ready to
 release a version of the WRF post processing codes that
 produce both WRF NMM and ARW model output on NWS standard 
 output levels (pressure, height etc) and standard output 
 grids (AWIPS, Lambert, polar-stereographic etc) in NWS & 
 WMO standard GRIB format (for GRIB documentation see
 http://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/pmb/docs/ ).  The new
 release of WRF post has been tested on IBM and LINUX.
 With help from Robert Rozumalski, the instructions on
 how to install WRF post on linux have been included.

 Like NCEP's Operational procedures that they are
 derived from, the WRF post-processing is divided into
 three parts: 1) the post code that performs vertical
 interpolation to pressure (and other) levels and
 computes diagnostic output quantities (e.g. CAPE,
 helicity, radar reflectivity, etc; A list of fields
 that are generated by WRF post is shown in Table 1
 below. 2) the weight maker code that generates horizontal 
 interpolation weights which will be used by the product 
 generator, 3) the product generator that does horizontal 
 interpolation from the native model grid to standard or 
 user defined AWIPS grids.  The reason to separate model 
 post processing into these three parts is for
 computational efficiency in the operational
 environment.  Out of the three programs, only the first
 part, post-processor, is parallelized because it
 requires several 3-dimensional arrays (the model's
 history variables etc) for the computations.  When
 posting the current Eulerian mass coordinate version
 of the WRF model (ARW WRF), this version of the post 
 code puts all variables onto the mass points of the WRF
 model native C-grid. This is equivalent to an A-grid 
 representation and, since it is a regular non-staggered 
 representation, can be displayed directly by most display 
 codes without having to go through steps 2. & 3.  However,
 no de-staggering is applied when post processing NMM WRF.
 Therefore, the post-processed NMM WRF output from step 1
 is still on staggered E-grid and needs to go through step 
 2 & 3 to convert model output onto regular non-staggered grid.
 Note that the outputs from both the WRF post and the 
 product generator are in GRIB format.  
 
 NCEP also developed a program named "copygb" that can be used 
 to substitute steps 2 and 3.  This program will perform horizontal
 interpolations from one grid to another for all the fields in the
 input Grib file.  This program takes more time to run, 
 gives user less control over what to output to their GRIB files, 
 but is easier to use.  

 The WRF post is nearly identical in its procedures to 
 the Operational Meso Eta post which has documentation
 posted at
 http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/papers/chuang/1/OF438.html

 
 II) DOWNLOAD:
 
 The tar file "wrfposttutorial.tar" containing all the source
 code, scripts & libraries is available for anonymous ftp by:
 
 1). Ftp to the EMC public server by typing ftp
 ftp.emc.ncep.noaa.gov . Use "anonymous" as your user id
 and your e-mail address as the password.

 2). Change the directory to
 mmb/WRFtesting/wrfpost/

 You can also download the tar file from the web site:

 ftp://ftp.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/WRFtesting/wrfpost/
 
 Un-tarring "wrfposttutorial.tar" creates five directories:
 
 1) sorc/ contains the source codes for post, weight maker, 
 ,product generator, and copygb.  All the make files used 
 to compile the source codes on NCEP's IBM sp (also on linux)
 are included with them.
 
 2) scripts/ contains the sample running scripts NCEP uses 
 to run these three programs on the IBM:
 a)run_wrfpost_netcdf: run first part of post to process netcdf
                       WRF model output,
 b)run_wrfpost_bin   : run first part of post to process binary
                       WRF model output,		       
 c)runwgts_WRF       : run the second part of post to generate
                       interpolation weight,
 d)runprodgen.script : run the third part of post to interpolate
                       from WRF native grid to AWIP grids.	         		     
 e)run_wrfpostandgempak: run first part of post, copygb, and then
                       Gempak to plot various fields 
 
 3) lib/ contains the libraries that are needed to compile 
 the source codes.  Seven libraries are needed to run WRF post 
 processor: 
 a) WRF IO API library, 
 b) NETCDF library, 
 c) W3 library, 
 d) BACIO library.  
 e) GEMLIB
 f) IPLIB
 g) SPLIB
 The WRF IO API library is included with your WRF model tar file.  
 To make sure that the WRF post source code is linked to your 
 WRF IO API library, you will need to properly specify "WRFPATH" 
 in your makefile. Two versions of W3 and BACIO libraries are 
 provided with WRF post processor tar file: a) the version for 
 big-endian computers only (bacio.source and w3lib.source) 
 and b) the version that works for both big- and little- endian 
 computers with W3 and BACIO combined (w3lib.source_ei).  Using 
 the source code compiled with this endian-independent version of
 W3/BACIO library generates identical GRIB files as using the one
 compiled with big-endian libraries when running both on IBM.  The
 WRF post processor has been ported to run on IJET  which is a
 small-endian computer at FSL.  The GRIB files generated on IJET were
 slightly different from the ones generated on IBM due to platform
 differences.  These differences can be made smaller by modifying 
 GRIB packing precision (SCAL) in control file (wrf_cntrl.parm).  
 
 4) parm/ contains the parameter files, which can be modified 
 by the users to control how the post processing should be
 performed.   
 

 III)INSTALLATION:
 
 1) Configure your makefiles by executing the file "configure".
 Users will be prompted to specify:
 i) platform: entre "1" for LINUX or "2" for IBM;
 ii) path name of your netcdf utility
 iii) path name of your top level WRF MODEL source code

 2) Compile all the libraries and source codes by executing the
 master makefile in the top directory. 
  
 3) Run the first part of the post, wrfpost, by modifying the 
 script scripts/run_wrfpost.  In this sample script, users will see 
 that the wrfpost needs three input files:
  i) itag: read in via unit 5 to provide wrfpost information on:
   a) the wrf output filename in the first line, 
   b) the format of WRF model output (netcdf or binary) in the second line, 
   c) the forecast validation time (not start time) in WRF format in the third line, 
   d) the model name (NMM or NCAR) in the fourth line.
   
  ii) eta_micro_lookup.dat: look-up table containing MP coeefficients used by Ferrier's
  scheme.
    
  iii) wrf_cntrl.parm: is a control file that 
  is read in by the post to decide what fields to output in GRIB format. 
  A sample of this control file can be found under parm/
  and the description of the control file can be found at:
 
  http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/papers/chuang/1/OF438.html#7.4 .
 
  The control file uses abbreviated names for most fields and
  a list of these abbreviated names can be found in Table 1 below.
  If you wish to have specific field in your output Grib files, you will
  need to:
   a) look through Table 1 below to see if WRF post produces this field,
   b) if WRF post does output your desired field, write down the corresponding
   abbreviated name in the second column of Table 1 and check the sample control
   file parm/wrf_cntrl.parm to see if the abbreviated name is already in the
   control file,
   c) if the answer to b) is yes, then make sure it is turned on.  For example, 
   the sample control file is not set up to output surface dew point temperature, 
   you can output this field by modifying the following lines from:
 
 (SURFACE DEWPOINT    ) SCAL=(-4.0)
 L=(00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000)
 
to:
  
 (SURFACE DEWPOINT    ) SCAL=(-4.0)
 L=(10000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000)
 
  d) if answer to b) is no, you will need to add two more lines to the sample
  control file.  For example, if you want to output land sea mask, you will
  add the following two line to parm/wrf_cntrl.parm:
 
 (LAND SEA MASK       ) SCAL=( 3.0)
 L=(10000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000)  
  
  
 An output file griddef.out is generated.  This file contains grid navigation 
 information which will be read in by the weight maker.  If you are running
 wrf post on a linux cluster, you will need to replace the execution
 line from:
 
 /ptmp/wx20hc/wrfpost_bin/wrfpost.x < itag > outpost_bin
  
 to
 
 mpirun -np 2 wrfpost.x < itag > outpost_bin
 
 Upon successful run, a file called WRFPRSxx.tm00 should be generated, 
 where xx denotes the forecast hour.  When running the WRF post 
 with more than one processor, the last processor will be
 designated as an I/O node, while the rest of the processors
 are designated as computational nodes.  For example, if three 
 processors are requested to run the WRF post, only the first two 
 processors will be used to do computation while the third 
 processor will be used to write output to GRIB files.
 Please keep this in mind when examining the standard output 
 file. One limitation of the current version of the wrf post is 
 that only one forecast time can be processed per execution.
 
 4. Run the copygb if you wish to use this easier-to-use alternative
 (but more time consuming) to weight maker and product generator.
 The sample scripts scripts/run_wrfpostandgempak and 
 scripts/run_wrfpostandgrads demonstrate how to run wrfpost, copygb,
 and the GEMPAK or GraDS to plot various fields.

 5. Run the wight maker by modifying the script scripts/runwgts_WRF 
 so that unit 15 is linked to "griddef.out" generated from the post
 earlier.  This script is currently set up to generate
 interpolation weights to interpolate your WRF grid
 (#255) to awip grids 104, 212, 215, 216, 221. If you
 want to interpolate your WRF output to a different AWIP
 standard grid, just change the second standard input
 to the weight maker executable in your script.  It is recommended
 to use weight maker and product generator if efficiency is important
 to you.  This is because you only need to run weight maker once if your input
 and output domains do not change. 

 6. Run the product generator by modifying scripts/runprodgen.script. 
 The definition of environmental variables in
 the script were defined as follows:
 COMSP   =  path prefix of output file names
 fhr     =  forecast hour
 HOLDEGD =  the path name for WRFPRSxx.tm00
 PLLfix  =  the path name for interpolation weight files
 PLLexec =  the path name for product generator
 executable.
 Similar to post, there is also a control file for
 product generator that specifies what fields to output
 to awip grid files.  A sample of this control file can
 be found in parm/master.ctl.  The end products
 AWIP3D${fhr}.tm00 is GRIB file of the 40 km AWIPS grid
 #212 (CONUS Lambert grid on which the vast majority of
 NWS users get the Meso Eta guidance), AWIP20${fhr}.tm00
 is the 20 km AWIPS grid #215, AWIP32${fhr}.tm00 is the
 full continental domain 32 km grid #221, etc.
 Eric Rogers web page shows the myriad of output grids
 needed from the Operational Meso Eta (and the RUC too):
 
 http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/etagrids/ .
 
 There is a more in depth documentation on product generator
 on line:
  
 http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/papers/manikin/2/prdgen_documentation.txt
 
 
 

 
 IV) VISUALIZATION:
 
 1) With Gempak: Gempak has utility (nagrib) to decode GRIB files whose
 navigation is on any non-staggered grids.  Therefore, after running
 wrf post and product generator (or copygb) that put out state
 and derived fields on regular non-staggered grids, you can then
 decode GRIB file with Gempak and the plot horizontal fields or
 vertical cross sections.  A sample script named run_wrfpostandgempak
 is included in scripts/ that can be used to run post, copygb, and 
 then plot the following fields:
 
  a. Sfcmap.gif : mean SLP and 6 hourly Precip
  b. Radar.gif : composite radar reflectivity
  c. PrecipType.gif : Precip Type (just snow and rain)
  d. 850mbRH.gif: 850 mb RH
  e. 850mbTempandWind.gif: 850 mb Temperature and Wind vectors
  f. 500mbHandVort.gif: 500 mb Height and Vorticity
  g. 250mbWindandH.gif: 250 mb Wind speed and Height
   
 If you're already familiar with Gempak utility, you can modify
 this script to plot whatever fields you wish.  Otherwise, Gempak
 has a user guide on line:
 http://my.unidata.ucar.edu/content/software/gempak/index.html
 
 2) With GrADS: GrADS also has utilities (Grib2ctl and Gribmap) to 
 decode GRIB files whose navigation is on any non-staggered grids 
 thanks to Wesley Ebisuzaki.  He has a web site that describes 
 how to use the utilities Grib2ctl and Gribmap to generate GrADS 
 control files and index files:
 
 http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/wesley/grib2ctl.html
 
 This web site also lets you download the source code and scripts
 for these two utilities.  A sample script named run_wrfpostandgrads
 is included in scripts/ that is set up to run post, copygb, and then
 plot various fields with GrADS.  There is also an online download 
 and user guide for GrADS:
 
 http://grads.iges.org/grads/gadoc/
 
 
 V) Fields that are currently read in by WRF POST:
 
 Currently, WRF POST is set up to read a lot of fields from raw WRF model
 output so that NCEP can generate all the necessary operational products
 for NMM core as as many as possible for ARW core.
 A list of fields that are currently read in by WRF post is included below.   
 However,  most users will probably not need to output all the 
 operationally-required products.  The easiest way to reduce your Grib file 
 sizes is to modify wrf_cntrl.parm to remove the fields that are not desired.  
 For example, if you don't need to output CANOPY CONDUCTANCE, you can 
 either remove the following two lines in wrf_cntrl.parm:
 
 (CANOPY CONDUCTANCE  ) SCAL=( 3.0)
 L=(10000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000)
 
 or make the following modification:
 
 (CANOPY CONDUCTANCE  ) SCAL=( 3.0)
 L=(00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000)
 
 to turn off output of this field.  As mentioned previously, you can view 
 explanation of the post control file online:
 
 http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/papers/chuang/1/OF438.html#7.4 
 
 In addition, you can find a list of abbreviated names that are used in 
 the control file in Table 1 below.
 If you do want to output all the operational products, you will need to
 modify your WRF Registry file so that all the fields listed below
 are written to your WRF history files.  Note that you will need to
 re-compile your WRF model source code after modifying Registry file.
 
 
 Here is a list of fields read in by WRF post for WRF NMM core:
 
       T
       U
       V
       Q
       CWM
       F_ICE
       F_RAIN
       F_RIMEF
       W
       PINT
       PT
       PDTOP
       FIS
       SMC
       SH2O
       STC
       CFRACH
       CFRACL
       CFRACM
       SLDPTH
       U10
       V10
       TH10
       Q10
       TSHLTR
       QSHLTR
       PSHLTR
       SMSTAV
       SMSTOT
       ACFRCV
       ACFRST
       RLWTT
       RSWTT
       AVRAIN
       AVCNVC
       TCUCN
       TRAIN
       NCFRCV
       NCFRST
       SFROFF
       UDROFF
       SFCEVP
       SFCEXC
       VEGFRC
       ACSNOW
       ACSNOM
       CMC
       SST
       EXCH_H
       EL_MYJ
       THZ0
       QZ0
       UZ0
       VZ0
       QS
       Z0
       PBLH
       USTAR
       AKHS_OUT
       AKMS_OUT
       THS
       PREC
       CUPREC
       ACPREC
       CUPPT
       LSPA
       CLDEFI
       HTOP
       HBOT
       HTOPD
       HBOTD
       HTOPS
       HBOTS
       SR
       RSWIN
       CZEN
       CZMEAN
       RSWOUT
       RLWIN
       SIGT4
       RADOT
       ASWIN
       ASWOUT
       NRDSW
       ARDSW
       ALWIN
       ALWOUT
       NRDLW
       ARDLW
       ALWTOA
       ASWTOA
       TGROUND
       SOILTB
       TWBS
       SFCSHX
       NSRFC
       ASRFC
       QWBS
       SFCLHX
       GRNFLX
       SUBSHX
       POTEVP
       WEASD
       SNO
       SI
       PCTSNO
       IVGTYP
       ISLTYP
       ISLOPE
       SM
       SICE
       ALBEDO
       ALBASE
       GLAT
       XLONG
       GLON
       DX_NMM
       NPHS0
       NCLOD
       NPREC
       NHEAT
 
 
 Here is a list of fields read in by WRF post for WRF ARW core:

      T
      U
      V
      W
      QVAPOR
      PB
      P
      QCLOUD
      QICE
      QRAIN
      QSNOW
      QGRAUP
      CWM
      F_ICE_PHY
      F_RAIN_PHY
      F_RIMEF_PHY
      HTOP
      HBOT
      CUPPT
      MU
      MUB
      P_TOP
      PHB
      PH
      SMOIS
      SH2O
      XICE
      TSLB
      SR
      CLDFRA
      U10
      V10
      TH2
      Q2
      SMSTAV
      SMSTOT
      SFROFF 
      UDROFF
      SFCEVP
      SFCEXC
      VEGFRA
      ACSNOW
      ACSNOM
      CANWAT
      SST
      THZ0
      QZ0
      UZ0
      VZ0
      QSFC
      Z0
      UST
      AKHS
      AKMS
      TSK
      RAINC
      RAINNC
      RAINCV
      RAINNCV
      HGT
      ALBEDO
      GSW
      GLW
      TMN
      HFX
      LH
      GRDFLX
      SNOW  
      SNOWC
      ISLTYP
      ISLOPE
      XLAND
      PBLH
      XLAT
      XLONG
      MAPFAC_M
      STEPBL

       
 In some case, you WRF post run aborted and ran into problem because you 
 are trying to output a field that is not in your raw WRF model output.  
 For example, if you wish to output isobaric state fields, but you didn't 
 have pressure fields on model interfaces (PINT for NMM core and PB & P 
 for ARW core), then your post run may fail.
 
 
 VI) Fields that are produced by WRF post processor:
 Below is a table that lists basic and derived fields that are currently produced by
 WRF post, the correspoding names in the control file wrf_cntrl.parm (the name you will use
 in the control file is abbreviated somewhat to save space) , and the corresponding
 Grib identification numbers for the field, and the corresponding Grib identification number
 for the vertical coordinate:
 
 
 
  Table 1: Fields that are produced by WRF post along with the abbreviated names used in WRF post
  control file and the Grib ID.
  
  Field name						   Name in control file      Field     Level	Unit 
                                                                                     Grib ID   Grib ID	
 
  Radar reflectivity on model surace                       RADAR REFL MDL SFCS        211      109	dBZ 
  Pressure on model surface                                PRESS ON MDL SFCS          001      109	Pa 
  Height on model surface                                  HEIGHT ON MDL SFCS         007      109	gpm 
  Temperature on model surface                             TEMP ON MDL SFCS           011      109	K 
  Potential temperature on model surface                   POT TEMP ON MDL SFCS       013      109	K 
  Dew point temperature on model surface                   DWPT TEMP ON MDL SFC       017      109	K 
  Specific humidity on model surface                       SPEC HUM ON MDL SFCS       051      109	Kg/Kg 
  Relative humidity on model surface                       REL HUM ON MDL SFCS        052      109	% 
  Moisture convergence on model surface                    MST CNVG ON MDL SFCS       135      109	kg/kg/s 
  U component wind on model surface                        U WIND ON MDL SFCS         033      109	m/s 
  V component wind on model surface                        V WIND ON MDL SFCS         034      109 	m/s
  Cloud water on model surface                             CLD WTR ON MDL SFCS        153      109	Kg/Kg 	
  Cloud ice on model surface                               CLD ICE ON MDL SFCS        058      109 	Kg/Kg
  Rain on model surface                                    RAIN ON MDL SFCS           170      109 	Kg/Kg	
  Snow on model surface                                    SNOW ON MDL SFCS           171      109	Kg/Kg
  Cloud fraction on model surface                          CLD FRAC ON MDL SFCS       071      109 	%
  Omega on model surface                                   OMEGA ON MDL SFCS          039      109 	Pa/s
  Absolute vorticity on model surface                      ABS VORT ON MDL SFCS       041      109 	/s
  Geostrophic streamfunction on model surface              STRMFUNC ON MDL SFCS       035      109 	m^2/s
  Turbulent kinetic energy on model surface                TRBLNT KE ON MDL SFC       158      109 	J/kg
  Richardson number on model surface                       RCHDSN NO ON MDL SFC       254      109 	-
  Master length scale on model surface                     MASTER LENGTH SCALE        226      109 	m
  Asymtopic length scale on model surface                  ASYMPT MSTR LEN SCL        227      109 	m
  Radar reflectivity on pressure surace                    RADAR REFL ON P SFCS       211      100 	dBZ
  Height on pressure surface                               HEIGHT OF PRESS SFCS       007      100 	gpm
  Temperature on pressure surface                          TEMP ON PRESS SFCS         011      100 	K
  Potential temperature on pressure surface                POT TEMP ON P SFCS         013      100 	K
  Dew point temperature on pressure surface                DWPT TEMP ON P SFCS        017      100 	K
  Specific humidity on pressure surface                    SPEC HUM ON P SFCS         051      100 	Kg/Kg
  Relative humidity on pressure surface                    REL HUMID ON P SFCS        052      100 	%
  Moisture convergence on pressure surface                 MST CNVG ON P SFCS         135      100	kg/kg/s 	
  U component wind on pressure surface                     U WIND ON PRESS SFCS       033      100	m/s 
  V component wind on pressure surface                     V WIND ON PRESS SFCS       034      100 	m/s
  Omega on pressure surface                                OMEGA ON PRESS SFCS        039      100 	Pa/s
  Absolute vorticity on pressure surface                   ABS VORT ON P SFCS         041      100 	/s
  Geostrophic streamfunction on pressure surface           STRMFUNC ON P SFCS         035      100	m^2/s 	
  Turbulent kinetic energy on pressure surface             TRBLNT KE ON P SFCS        158      100	J/kg 
  Cloud water on pressure surface                          CLOUD WATR ON P SFCS       153      100 	Kg/Kg
  Cloud ice on pressure surface                            CLOUD ICE ON P SFCS        058      100	Kg/Kg 
  Rain on pressure surface                                 RAIN ON P SFCS             170      100	Kg/Kg 
  Snow water on pressure surface                           SNOW ON P SFCS             171      100	Kg/Kg 
  Total condensate on pressure surface                     CONDENSATE ON P SFCS       135      100	Kg/Kg 
  Mesinger (Membrance) sea level pressure                  MESINGER MEAN SLP          130      102 	Pa
  Shuell sea level pressure                                SHUELL MEAN SLP            002      102 	Pa
  2 M pressure                                             SHELTER PRESSURE           001      105 	Pa
  2 M temperature                                          SHELTER TEMPERATURE        011      105 	K
  2 M specific humidity                                    SHELTER SPEC HUMID         051      105 	Kg/Kg
  2 M dew point temperature                                SHELTER DEWPOINT           017      105 	K
  2 M RH                                                   SHELTER REL HUMID          052      105 	%
  10 M u component wind                                    U WIND AT ANEMOM HT        033      105 	m/s
  10 M v component wind                                    V WIND AT ANEMOM HT        034      105 	m/s
  10 M potential temperature                               POT TEMP AT 10 M           013      105 	K
  10 M specific humidity                                   SPEC HUM AT 10 M           051      105 	Kg/Kg
  Surface pressure                                         SURFACE PRESSURE           001      001 	Pa
  Terrain height                                           SURFACE HEIGHT             007      001 	gpm
  Skin potential temperature                               SURFACE POT TEMP           013      001 	K
  Skin specific humidity                                   SURFACE SPEC HUMID         051      001 	Kg/Kg
  Skin dew point temperature                               SURFACE DEWPOINT           017      001 	K
  Skin Relative humidity                                   SURFACE REL HUMID          052      001 	%
  Skin temperature                                         SFC (SKIN) TEMPRATUR       011      001 	K
  Soil temperature at the bottom of soil layers            BOTTOM SOIL TEMP           085      111 	K
  Soil temperature in between each of soil layers          SOIL TEMPERATURE           085      112 	K
  Soil moisture in between each of soil layers             SOIL MOISTURE              144      112 	fraction
  Snow water equivalnt                                     SNOW WATER EQUIVALNT       065      001 	Kg/m^2
  Snow cover in percentage                                 PERCENT SNOW COVER         238      001	% 
  Heat exchange coeff at surface                           SFC EXCHANGE COEF          208      001 	(kg/m^3)(m/s)	
  Vegetation cover                                         GREEN VEG COVER            087      001 	%
  Soil moisture availability                               SOIL MOISTURE AVAIL        207      112 	%
  Ground heat flux - instantaneous                         INST GROUND HEAT FLX       155      001 	W/m^2
  Lifted index--surfce based                               LIFTED INDEX--SURFCE       131      101 	K
  Lifted index--best                                       LIFTED INDEX--BEST         132      116 	K
  Lifted index--from boundary layer                        LIFTED INDEX--BNDLYR       024      116 	K
  CAPE                                                     CNVCT AVBL POT ENRGY       157      001 	J/kg
  CIN                                                      CNVCT INHIBITION           156      001 	J/kg
  Column integrated precitable water                       PRECIPITABLE WATER         054      200	Kg/m^2 
  Column integrated cloud water                            TOTAL COLUMN CLD WTR       136      200 	Kg/m^2
  Column integrated cloud ice                              TOTAL COLUMN CLD ICE       137      200 	Kg/m^2
  Column integrated rain                                   TOTAL COLUMN RAIN          138      200	Kg/m^2	 
  Column integrated snow                                   TOTAL COLUMN SNOW          139      200	Kg/m^2 
  Column integrated total condensate                       TOTAL COL CONDENSATE       140      200	Kg/m^2
  Helicity                                                 STORM REL HELICITY         190      106	m^2/s^2 
  U component storm motion                                 U COMP STORM MOTION        196      106	m/s 
  V component storm motion                                 V COMP STORM MOTION        197      106 	m/s
  Accumulated total precipitation                          ACM TOTAL PRECIP           061      001  	Kg/m^2
  Accumulated convective precipitation                     ACM CONVCTIVE PRECIP       063      001 	Kg/m^2
  Accumulated grid-scale precipitation                     ACM GRD SCALE PRECIP       062      001	Kg/m^2 
  Accumulated snowfall                                     ACM SNOWFALL               065      001	Kg/m^2 
  Accumulated total snow melt                              ACM SNOW TOTAL MELT        099      001 	Kg/m^2
  Precipitation type (4 types) - instantaneous             INSTANT PRECIP TYPE        140      001 	-
  Precipitation rate - instantaneous                       INSTANT PRECIP RATE        059      001 	Kg/m^2/s
  Composite radar reflectivity                             COMPOSITE RADAR REFL       212      200 	dBZ
  Low level cloud fraction                                 LOW CLOUD FRACTION         073      214 	%
  Mid level cloud fraction                                 MID CLOUD FRACTION         074      224 	%
  High level cloud fraction                                HIGH CLOUD FRACTION        075      234 	%
  Total cloud fraction                                     TOTAL CLD FRACTION         071      200 	%
  Time-averaged total cloud fraction                       AVG TOTAL CLD FRAC         071      200 	%
  Time-averaged stratopheric cloud fraction                AVG STRAT CLD FRAC         213      200 	%
  Time-averaged convective cloud fraction                  AVG CNVCT CLD FRAC         072      200 	%
  Cloud bottom pressure                                    CLOUD BOT PRESSURE         001      002 	Pa
  Cloud top pressure                                       CLOUD TOP PRESSURE         001      003 	Pa
  Cloud bottom height                                      CLOUD BOTTOM HEIGHT        007      002 	gpm
  Cloud top height                                         CLOUD TOP HEIGHT           007      003 	gpm
  Covective cloud bottom pressure                          CONV CLOUD BOT PRESS       001      242 	Pa
  Covective cloud top pressure                             CONV CLOUD TOP PRESS       001      243 	Pa
  Shallow covective cloud bottom pressure                  SHAL CU CLD BOT PRES       001      248 	Pa
  Shallow covective cloud top pressure                     SHAL CU CLD TOP PRES       001      249 	Pa
  Deep covective cloud bottom pressure                     DEEP CU CLD BOT PRES       001      251 	Pa
  Deep covective cloud top pressure                        DEEP CU CLD TOP PRES       001      252 	Pa
  Grid scale cloud bottom pressure                         GRID CLOUD BOT PRESS       001      206 	Pa
  Grid scale cloud top pressure                            GRID CLOUD TOP PRESS       001      207 	Pa
  Convective cloud fraction                                CONV CLOUD FRACTION        072      200 	%
  Convective cloud efficiency                              CU CLOUD EFFICIENCY        134      200	-
  Above-ground height of LCL                               LCL AGL HEIGHT             007      005 	gpm
  Pressure of LCL                                          LCL PRESSURE               001      005 	gpm
  Cloud top temperature                                    CLOUD TOP TEMPS            011      003 	K
  Temperature tendency from radiative fluxes               RADFLX CNVG TMP TNDY       216      109 	K/s
  Temperature tendency from shortwave radiative fluxes     SW RAD TEMP TNDY           250      109	K/s 
  Temperature tendency from longwave radiative fluxes      LW RAD TEMP TNDY           251      109 	K/s
  Outgoing surface shortwave radiation - instantaneous     INSTN OUT SFC SW RAD       211      001 	W/m^2
  Outgoing surface longwave radiation - instantaneous      INSTN OUT SFC LW RAD       212      001 	W/m^2
  Incoming surface shortwave radiation - time-averaged     AVE INCMG SFC SW RAD       204      001 	W/m^2
  Incoming surface longwave radiation - time-averaged      AVE INCMG SFC LW RAD       205      001 	W/m^2
  Outgoing surface shortwave radiation - time-averaged     AVE OUTGO SFC SW RAD       211      001 	W/m^2
  Outgoing surface longwave radiation - time-averaged      AVE OUTGO SFC LW RAD       212      001 	W/m^2
  Outgoing model top shortwave radiation - time-averaged   AVE OUTGO TOA SW RAD       211      008 	W/m^2
  Outgoing model top longwave radiation - time-averaged    AVE OUTGO TOA LW RAD       212      008 	W/m^2
  Incoming surface shortwave radiation - instantaneous     INSTN INC SFC SW RAD       204      001 	W/m^2
  Incoming surface longwave radiation - instantaneous      INSTN INC SFC LW RAD       205      001 	W/m^2
  Roughness length                                         ROUGHNESS LENGTH           083      001 	m
  Friction velocity                                        FRICTION VELOCITY          253      001 	m/s
  Surface drag coefficient                                 SFC DRAG COEFFICIENT       252      001 	-
  Surface u wind stress                                    SFC U WIND STRESS          124      001 	N/m^2
  Surface v wind stress                                    SFC V WIND STRESS          125      001 	N/m^2
  Surface sensible heat flux - time-averaged               AVE SFC SENHEAT FX         122      001 	W/m^2
  Ground heat flux - time-averaged                         AVE GROUND HEAT FX         155      001 	W/m^2
  Surface latent heat flux - time-averaged                 AVE SFC LATHEAT FX         121      001 	W/m^2
  Surface momentum flux - time-averaged                    AVE SFC MOMENTUM FX        172      001 	W/m^2
  Accumulated surface evaporation                          ACC SFC EVAPORATION        057      001 	Kg/m^2
  Surface sensible heat flux - instantaneous               INST SFC SENHEAT FX        122      001 	W/m^2
  Surface latent heat flux -  instantaneous                INST SFC LATHEAT FX        121      001 	W/m^2
  Latitude                                                 LATITUDE                   176      001	deg 
  LONGITUDE                                                LONGITUDE                  177      001 	deg
  Land sea mask (land=1, sea=0)                            LAND SEA MASK              081      001 	-
  Sea ice mask                                             SEA ICE MASK               091      001 	-
  Surface midday albedo                                    SFC MIDDAY ALBEDO          084      001 	%
  Sea surface temperature                                  SEA SFC TEMPERATURE        080      001 	K
  Press at tropopause                                      PRESS AT TROPOPAUSE        001      007 	Pa
  Temperature at tropopause                                TEMP AT TROPOPAUSE         011      007 	K
  Potential temperature at tropopause                      POTENTL TEMP AT TROP       013      007 	K
  U wind at tropopause                                     U WIND AT TROPOPAUSE       033      007 	m/s
  V wind at tropopause                                     V WIND AT TROPOPAUSE       034      007 	m/s
  Wind shear at tropopause                                 SHEAR AT TROPOPAUSE        136      007 	/s
  Height at tropopause                                     HEIGHT AT TROPOPAUSE       007      007 	gpm
  Temperature at flight levels                             TEMP AT FD HEIGHTS         011      103 	K
  U wind at flight levels                                  U WIND AT FD HEIGHTS       033      103 	m/s
  V wind at flight levels                                  V WIND AT FD HEIGHTS       034      103 	m/s
  Freezing level height (above mean sea level)             HEIGHT OF FRZ LVL          007      004 	gpm
  Freezing level RH                                        REL HUMID AT FRZ LVL       052      004 	%
  Highest freezing level height                            HIGHEST FREEZE LVL         007      204 	gpm
  Pressure in boundary layer (30 mb mean)                  PRESS IN BNDRY LYR         001      116 	Pa
  Temperature in boundary layer (30 mb mean)               TEMP IN BNDRY LYR          011      116 	K
  Potential temperature in boundary layers (30 mb mean)    POT TMP IN BNDRY LYR       013      116 	K
  Dew point temperature in boundary layer (30 mb mean)     DWPT IN BNDRY LYR          017      116 	K
  Specific humidity in boundary layer (30 mb mean)         SPC HUM IN BNDRY LYR       051      116 	Kg/kg
  RH in boundary layer (30 mb mean)                        REL HUM IN BNDRY LYR       052      116 	%
  Moisture convergence in boundary layer (30 mb mean)      MST CNV IN BNDRY LYR       135      116 	kg/kg/s	
  Precipitable water in boundary layer (30 mb mean)        P WATER IN BNDRY LYR       054      116 	Kg/m^2
  U wind in boundary layer (30 mb mean)                    U WIND IN BNDRY LYR        033      116 	m/s
  V wind in boundary layer (30 mb mean) 		   V WIND IN BNDRY LYR	      034      116 	m/s
  Omega in boundary layer (30 mb mean)                     OMEGA IN BNDRY LYR         039      116 	Pa/s
  Visibility                                               VISIBILITY                 020      001 	m   
  Vegetation type                                          VEGETATION TYPE            225      001 	-
  Soil type                                                SOIL TYPE                  224      001 	-
  Canopy conductance                                       CANOPY CONDUCTANCE         181      001 	m/s
  PBL height                                               PBL HEIGHT                 221      001 	m
  Slope type                                               SLOPE TYPE                 222      001 	-
  Snow depth                                               SNOW DEPTH                 066      001 	m
  Liquid soil moisture                                     LIQUID SOIL MOISTURE       160      112 	fraction	
  Snow free albedo                                         SNOW FREE ALBEDO           170      001 	%
  Maximum snow albedo                                      MAXIMUM SNOW ALBEDO        159      001 	%
  Canopy water evaporation                                 CANOPY WATER EVAP          200      001 	W/m^2
  Direct soil evaporation                                  DIRECT SOIL EVAP           199      001	W/m^2 
  Plant transpiration                                      PLANT TRANSPIRATION        210      001 	W/m^2
  Snow sublimation                                         SNOW SUBLIMATION           198      001 	W/m^2
  Air dry soil moisture                                    AIR DRY SOIL MOIST         231      001 	fraction
  Soil moist porosity                                      SOIL MOIST POROSITY        240      001 	fraction
  Minimum stomatal resistence                              MIN STOMATAL RESIST        203      001 	s/m
  Number of root layers                                    NO OF ROOT LAYERS          171      001 	-
  Soil moist wilting point                                 SOIL MOIST WILT PT         219      001 	fraction
  Soil moist reference                                     SOIL MOIST REFERENCE       230      001 	fraction
  Canopy conductance - solar component                     CANOPY COND SOLAR          246      001 	fraction
  Canopy conductance - temperature component               CANOPY COND TEMP           247      001 	fraction
  Canopy conductance - humidity component                  CANOPY COND HUMID          248      001 	fraction
  Canopy conductance - soil component                      CANOPY COND SOILM          249      001 	fraction
  Potential evaporation                                    POTENTIAL EVAP             145      001 	W/m^2
  Heat diffusivity on sigma surface                        DIFFUSION H RATE S S       182      107 	m^2/s
  Surface wind gust                                        SFC WIND GUST              180      001 	m/s
  Convective precipitation rate                            CONV PRECIP RATE           214      001 	Kg/m^2
  Radar reflectivity at certain above ground heights       RADAR REFL AGL             211      105      dBZ 
  IN-FLIGHT ICING					   IN-FLIGHT ICING	      186      100	
  CLEAR AIR TURBULENCE					   CLEAR AIR TURBULENCE	      185      100