Identification_Information: 
  Citation: 
    Citation_Information: 
      Originator: Thierry Correge
      Originator: Thierry Delcroix
      Originator: Jacques Recy
      Originator: Warren Beck
      Originator: Guy Cabioch
      Originator: Florence Le Cornec
      Publication_Date: 200009
      Title: Tasmaloum, Vanuatu Fossil Coral SST Reconstruction for 4200 YrBP
      Series_Information: 
        Series_name: World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series
        Issue_Identification: 2000-060
      Publication_Information: 
        Publication_Place: Boulder
        Publisher: World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
  Description: 
    Abstract: Vanuatu Fossil Coral SST Reconstruction, 4200 YrBP. Paleobathymetry estimated at 10-15 m.  SST reconstruction is based on the analysis of Sr/Ca and U/Ca ratios in corals. For the present study, precision on the Sr/Ca paleothermometer was +/- 1.3 deg C, and +/- 0.9 deg C for the U/Ca paleothermometer.  The data consist of reconstructed Sea Surface Temperatures extrapolated from analyses of trace element ratios in a fossil coral head. A date of 4166 +/- 15 calendar yr BP was obtained by the U/Th series technique for the coral. This date corresponds to the cold episode centered around sample #464. A fossil coral from Tasmaloum (Vanuatu) was found between 0.80 and 1.20 m depth in drill core 9A, collected at an altitude of +4.66 m above sea level. Owing to the calculated uplift rate the paleodepth of the Porites can be estimated ~10-15 m. at 4150 years B.P.  The surrounding coral assemblages indicate an open shallow marine environment. Sr/Ca and U/Ca analyses were converted to SST, using the following equations: Sr/Ca (10-3 M) = 10.73 - 0.0657SST    R = 0.79    U/Ca  (10-6 M) = 2.106 - 0.0367SST    R = 0.89   In greater than 98% of the samples analyzed, Sr and U reconstructed SST agree well within error.  A 47-year-long composite SST curve was then constructed, and monthly SST values were extrapolated.  File vanuatu.4200bp.SrCaU.txt: Raw Sr/Ca and U/Ca data. - sample #1 is the youngest, i.e. the one with an estimated age of 4128 +/- 15 BP. - there are some data missing. For U/Ca, it is due to the sample size.  When it is too small, we cannot measure U accurrately, and although we got U values, they usually have a %RSD attached to them which is higher than 1%, and I don't feel they are precise enough to be used.  For Sr/Ca, we experienced several problems with our machine.  When the Sr data looked dubious (i.e. when we had poor stability in the in-house coral standard we analyze during each run) we re-ran the Sr and Ca analyses. In most cases, the two runs agreed within error. When there was a discrepancy between the two runs, we ran the samples a third time (when sample size permitted).  Missing Sr/Ca data are those samples too small to allow for a third run. These are raw data. They were then translated into temperature data using the equations presented in the article, averaged and resampled at monthly interval using the Analyseries program.
    Purpose: Paleoclimatic Research
  Time_Period_of_Content: 
    Time_Period_Information: 
      Single_Date/Time: 
        Calendar_Date: bc2200
    Currentness_Reference: Publication Date
  Status: 
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None Planned
  Spatial_Domain: 
    Bounding_Coordinates: 
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: 167
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: 167
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: -15.67
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: -15.67
  Keywords: 
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Paleoclimate > Coral Records > Temperature
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Paleoclimate > Coral Records > Sr/Ca
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Paleoclimate > Coral Records > U/Ca
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
      Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets > Paleoclimatology
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
      Theme_Keyword: 004
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > South Pacific Ocean > Tasmaloum > Tasmaloum (15S167E0018)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Vanuatu > Tasmaloum (15S167E0018)
    Temporal: 
      Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Temporal Thesaurus
      Temporal_Keyword: Holocene
      Temporal_Keyword: Fossil
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: Please cite original reference when using this data.
  Data_Set_Credit: Correge, T., Delcroix, T., Recy, J., Beck, W., Cabioch, G., and Le Cornec, F., 2000, Evidence for stronger El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in a mid-Holocene massive coral. Paleoceanography, 15(4), 465-470
Entity_and_Attribute_Information: 
  Detailed_Description: 
    Entity_Type: 
      Entity_Type_Label: coral variable
      Entity_Type_Definition: coral variable
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: coral variable
    Attribute: 
      Attribute_Label: SST
      Attribute_Definition: Sea Surface Temperature
      Attribute_Definition_Source: unknown
      Attribute_Domain_Values: 
        Range_Domain: 
          Range_Domain_Minimum: unknown
          Range_Domain_Maximum: unknown
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degree C
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
    Attribute: 
      Attribute_Label: SrCa
      Attribute_Definition: Sr/Ca Ratio
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Beck, J. W., R. L. Edwards, E. Ito, F. Taylor, J. Recy, F. Rougerie, P. Joannot, and C. Henin, 1992, Sea surface temperature from coral strotium/calcium ratios: Science, v. 257, p. 644-647; DeVilliers, S., G. T. Shen, and B. K. Nelson, 1994, Sr/Ca paleothermometry in corals: method calibration and evaluation of Sr/Ca (seawater) and interspecies variability: Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, p. 197-208.
      Attribute_Domain_Values: 
        Range_Domain: 
          Range_Domain_Minimum: unknown
          Range_Domain_Maximum: unknown
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: ratio
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0
    Attribute: 
      Attribute_Label: UCa
      Attribute_Definition: U/Ca Ratio
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Shen, G. T., and R. B. Dunbar, 1995, Environmental controls on uranium in reef corals: Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, v. 59, p. 2009-2024.
      Attribute_Domain_Values: 
        Range_Domain: 
          Range_Domain_Minimum: unknown
          Range_Domain_Maximum: unknown
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: ratio
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0
Distribution_Information: 
  Distributor: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
        Contact_Person: Bruce Bauer
      Contact_Position: Data Manager
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: Mailing Address
        Address: 325 Broadway, Code E/GC
        City: Boulder
        State_or_Province: CO
        Postal_Code: 80305-3328
        Country: U.S.A.
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 497-6160
      Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: (303) 497-6958
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 497-6513
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: paleo@ngdc.noaa.gov
      Hours_of_Service: 9-5 MST Monday-Friday
  Distribution_Liability: Disclaimer- While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system.  NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.
  Standard_Order_Process: 
    Digital_Form: 
      Digital_Transfer_Information: 
        Format_Name: ASCII
      Digital_Transfer_Option: 
        Online_Option: 
          Computer_Contact_Information: 
            Network_Address: 
              Network_Resource_Name: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/tasmaloum_2000.txt
          Access_Instructions: Data can be obtained from http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo and via anonymous ftp to ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov.  Diskette and paper copies may be obtained by mail.
        Offline_Option: 
          Offline_Media: Diskette
          Recording_Format: cpio
    Fees: On-line data are available free of charge, other forms are available for the cost of reproduction
    Ordering_Instructions: Contact the data center to order paper copies of the data.
    Turnaround: 4 days
Metadata_Reference_Information: 
  Metadata_Date: 20080812
  Metadata_Contact: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
        Contact_Person: Carissa Carter
      Contact_Position: c/o Data Manager
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: Mailing Address
        Address: 325 Broadway, EGC
        City: Boulder
        State_or_Province: Colorado
        Postal_Code: 80305-3328
        Country: United States
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 497-6160
      Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: (303) 497-6958
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 497-6513
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: carissa.l.carter@noaa.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: No Constraints
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: No Constraints
CoRIS: 
  CoRIS_ID: 20020501111514
  CoRIS_Children: None
  CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 00010101
  CoRIS_Ending_Date: 00010101
  CoRIS_Metadata_Link: http://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/txt/paleoclimatology_tasmaloum_2000.txt
  CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 82