Risk Management Series
Primer to Design Safe School Projects in Case of Terrorist Attacks
December 2003
FEMA
FEMA 428 / December 2003
APPENDIX D - BIBLIOGRAPHY 
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 
A Guide to Highway Vulnerability Assessment for Critical Asset Identification 
and Protection, May 2002, The American Association of State Highway and 
Transportation Officials' Security Task Force, Washington, DC 
http://security.transportation.org/community/security/guides.html 
The American Institute of Architects 
Building Security Through Design: A Primer for Architects, Design Professionals, 
and their Clients, November 2001, The American Institute of Architects (book) 
http://www.aia.org/security 
American Institute of Chemical Engineers 
Pub No: G-79, Guidelines for Analyzing and Managing the Security Vulnerabilities 
at Fixed Chemical Sites, 2002, Center for Chemical Process Safety, ISBN No: 0-
8169-0877-X http://www.aiche.org/ccpssecurity 
American Medical Association 
Physical injuries and fatalities resulting from the Oklahoma City bombing, 
August 7, 1996, S. Mallonee, S. Shariat, G. Stennies, R. Waxweiler, 
D. Hogan, and F. Jordan., The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 
276 No. 5, pp 382-387 Abstract at URL: 
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/276/5/382 
American Society of Civil Engineers 
Architectural Engineering Institute of American Society of Civil Engineers, AEI 
Newsletter, The Team, Special Terrorism Issue, Fall 2001, Volume 4, Issue 3 
http://www.asce.org/pdf/aei_11_1.pdf 
Blast Effects on Buildings: Design of Buildings to Optimize Resistance to Blast 
Loading, 1995, G.C. Mays and P.D. Smith, London: Thomas Telford, Ltd., American 
Society of Civil Engineers, ISBN: 0-7277-2030-9 
http://www.pubs.asce.org/BOOKdisplay.cgi?9990338 
Blast Resistant Design of Commercial Buildings, 1996, M. Ettouney, R. Smilowitz, 
and T. Rittenhouse, Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 
Vol. 1, No. 1, February 1996, American Society of Civil Engineers 
http://ojps.aip.org/dbt/dbt.jsp?KEY=PPSCFX&Volume=1&Issue=1 
A preprint of the final article is available at 
http://www.wai.com/AppliedScience/Blast/blast-struct-design.html 
Design of Blast Resistant Buildings in Petrochemical Facilities, 1997, American 
Society of Civil Engineers, ISBN: 0-7844-0265-5 
http://www.pubs.asce.org/BOOKdisplay.cgi?9704510 
Glass-Related Injuries in Oklahoma City Bombing, Journal of Performance of 
Constructed Facilities, May 1999, 13, No. 2, H. Scott Norville, NatalieHarville, 
Edward J. Conrath, Sheryll Shariat, and Sue Mallonee 
http://www.pubs.asce.org/WWWdisplay.cgi?9902006 
Lessons from the Oklahoma City Bombing: Defensive Design Techniques, January 
1997, Eve E. Hinman and David J. Hammond, January 1997, American Society of 
Civil Engineers (ASCE Press), Reston, VA, ISBN: 0784402175 
http://www.asce.org/publications/booksdisplay.cfm?type=9702295 
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE 7-02, 2002, 
American Society of Civil Engineers, ISBN: 0-7844-0624-3 [Note revision of 7-98, 
does not include building security or antiterrorism, but covers all natural 
hazards] http://www.pubs.asce.org/ASCE7.html?9991330 
Structural Engineering Institute of American Society of Civil Engineers, 
Structural Design for Physical Security: State of the Practice, 1999, Edward 
Conrath, et al., Reston, VA, Structural Engineering Institute of American 
Society of Civil Engineers http://www.pubs.asce.org/BOOKdisplay.cgi?9990571 
Vulnerability and Protection of Infrastructure Systems: The State of the Art, An 
ASCE Journals Special Publication compiling articles from 2002 and earlier 
available online https://ascestore.aip.org/OA_HTML/aipCCtpItmDspRte.jsp?a=b & 
item=39885 
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers 
Defensive Filtration, ASHRAE Journal, December 2002, James D. Miller 
http://resourcecenter.ashrae.org/store/ashrae/newstore.cgi?itemid = 
9346&view=item&categoryid=409&page=1&loginid=29483 
Report of Presidential Ad Hoc Committee for Building Health and Safety under 
Extraordinary Incidents on Risk Management Guidance for Health, Safety and 
Environmental Security under Extraordinary Incidents, Washington, DC, January 
26, 2003 http://xp20.ashrae.org/about/extraordinary.pdf 
Risk Management Guidance for Health and Safety under Extraordinary Incidents, 
ASHRAE 2002 Winter Meeting Report, January 12, 2002 
http://atfp.nfesc.navy.mil/pdf/ASHRAE%20CBR%20Guidance.pdf or 
http://engineering.tamu.edu/safety/guidelines/faclab/ASHRAE_ 
Security_Rpt_12Jan02.pdf Standard 62-2001, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air 
Quality (ANSI Approved), ISSN 1041-2336, addenda to basic ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 
62 basic (1989) 
http://resourcecenter.ashrae.org/store/ashrae/newstore.cgi?itemid= 
6852&view=item&categoryid=311&page=1&loginid=29483 
Building Owners and Managers Association International 
How to Design and Manage Your Preventive Maintenance Program, 1996 
http://www.boma.org/pubs/bomapmp.htm 
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/ National Institute for Occupational 
Safety and Health Publication No. 2002-139, Guidance for Protecting Building 
Environments from Airborne Chemical, Biological, or Radiological Attacks, May 
2002, Cincinnati, OH http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/bldvent/2002-139.html 
Publication No. 2003-136, Guidance for Filtration and Air Cleaning Systems to 
Protect Building Environments from Airborne Chemical, Biological, or 
Radiological Attacks, April 2003, Cincinnati, OH 
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-136/2003-136.html 
Central Intelligence Agency 
Chemical, Biological, Radiological Incident Handbook, October 1998 
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/cbr_handbook/cbrbook.htm 
Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 
Building Safety Enhancement Guidebook, 2002 
http://www.ctbuh.org 
Task Force on Tall Buildings: "The Future," October 15, 2001 
http://www.lehigh.edu/ctbuh/htmlfiles/hot_links/report.pdf or 
http://www.ctbuh.org/htmlfiles/hot_links/report.pdf 
Federal Aviation Administration 
DOT/FAA/AR-00/52, Recommended Security Guidelines for Airport Planning, 
Design and Construction, Revised June 2001, Associate Administrator for Civil 
Aviation Security Office of Civil Aviation Security, Policy and Planning, 
Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC 20591 (not available on 
Internet) FAA Order 1600.69A, FAA Facility Security Management Program, updated 
FAA Order 1600.69B to be published shortly - The Federal Aviation 
Administration's criteria for the protection of its facilities. [For Official 
Use Only] (not available on Internet) 
Federal Emergency Management Agency 
FEMA 152, Seismic Considerations: Apartment Buildings, Earthquake Hazards 
Reduction Series 37, November 1988, Washington, DC (not available on Internet) 
Contact FEMA Distribution Center, P.O. Box 2012, 8231 Stayton Drive, Jessup, MD 
20794-2012, Telephone: 1-800-480-2520, Fax: 301-362-5335 FEMA 153, Seismic 
Considerations: Office Buildings, Earthquake Hazards Reduction Series 38, 
November 1988, Washington, DC (not available on Internet) Contact FEMA 
Distribution Center, P.O. Box 2012, 8231 Stayton Drive, Jessup, MD 20794-2012, 
Telephone: 1-800-480-2520, Fax: 301-362-5335 FEMA 154, Rapid Visual Screening of 
Buildings for Seismic Hazards: A Handbook (2nd Edition), 2002, 1988, Washington, 
DC (not available on Internet) Contact FEMA 
Distribution Center, P.O. Box 2012, 8231 Stayton Drive, Jessup, MD 20794-2012, 
Telephone: 1-800-480-2520, Fax: 301-362-5335 
FEMA 277, The Oklahoma City Bombing: Improving Building Performance through 
Multi-Hazard Mitigation, August 1, 1996, Washington, DC 
http://www.fema.gov/mit/bpat/bpat009.htm 
FEMA 372, Mitigation Resources for Success (CD-ROM), October 2001, Washington, 
DC http://www.fema.gov/pdf/library/poster_fnl2.pdf 
FEMA 386-2, Understanding Your Risks, Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses, 
August 2001 http://www.fema.gov/fima/planning_toc3.shtm 
FEMA 386-7, Integrating Human-Caused Hazards Into Mitigation Planning, 
September 2002 http://www.fema.gov/fima/antiterrorism/resources.shtm 
FEMA 403, World Trade Center Building Performance Study: Data Collection, 
Preliminary Observations, and Recommendations, May 2002, Washington, DC 
http://www.fema.gov/library/wtcstudy.shtm 
State and Local Guide 101, Guide for All-Hazard Emergency Operations Planning, 
Chapter 6, 
Attachment G, Terrorism, April 2001 
http://www.fema.gov/rrr/allhzpln.shtm 
General Services Administration 
Balancing Security and Openness: A Thematic Summary of a Symposium on Security 
and the Design of Public Buildings, November 30, 1999 
http://hydra.gsa.gov/pbs/pc/gd_files/SecurityOpenness.pdf 
Cost Impact of ISC Security Criteria, GSA & Applied Research Associates, Inc., 
L. Bryant and J. Smith, Vicksburg, MS [Restricted Access] 
http://www.oca.gsa.gov/specialphp/References.php 
Facility Standards for the Public Building Service (PBS-P100); Chapter 8, 
Security Design, Revised November 2000 
http://hydra.gsa.gov/pbs/pc/facilitiesstandards/ 
Mail Center Manager's Security Guide-Second Edition, October 22, 2002 
http://www.gsa.gov//attachments/GSA_PUBLICATIONS/extpub/MailCenterManagersSecuri
tyGuideV2.pdf 
Progressive Collapse Analysis and Design Guidelines for New Federal Office 
Buildings and Major Modernization Projects, November 2000 [Restricted Access] 
http://www.oca.gsa.gov/specialphp/References.php 
Security Reference Manual, Part 3: Blast Design and Assessment Guidelines, July 
31, 2001 [For Official Use Only] [Restricted Access] 
http://www.oca.gsa.gov/specialphp/References.php 
Healthy Building International, Inc. 
Vulnerability Assessments and Counter Terrorist Protocols 
http://www.healthybuildings.com/s2/vacbt.pdf 
Interagency Security Committee (executive agent - GSA)
ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major 
Modernization 
Projects, May 28, 2001, [For Official Use Only] [Restricted Access] 
http://www.oca.gsa.gov/specialphp/References.php 
Institute of Transportation Engineers 
The Influence of Traffic Calming Devices upon Fire Vehicle Travel Times, Michael 
A. Coleman, 1997, ITE Annual Meeting Compendium, 1997 pp. 838-845 
http://webservices.camsys.com/fhwa/cmn/cmn33.htm 
Split Speed Bump, 1998, Kathy Mulder, Washington, DC, TE International 
Conference, 1998 http://www.ite.org/traffic/documents/CCA98A33.pdf 
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab 
Protecting Buildings From a Biological or Chemical Attack: actions to take 
before or during a release. LBNL/PUB-51959, January 10, 2003 
http://securebuildings.lbl.gov/images/bldgadvice.pdf 
National Academy of Sciences 
Combating Terrorism: Prioritizing Vulnerabilities and Developing Mitigation 
Strategies, 
Project Identification Number: NAEP-R-02-01-A, National Academy of Engineering 
on-going project - results to be published. 
http://www4.nationalacademies.org/webcr.nsf/ProjectScopeDisplay/ NAEP-R-02-01-
A?OpenDocument 
National Capital Planning Commission 
Designing for Security in the Nation's Capital, October 2001 
http://www.ncpc.gov/planning_init/security/DesigningSec.pdf 
The National Capital Planning Urban Design and Security Plan, October 2002 
http://www.ncpc.gov/publications/udsp/Final%20UDSP.pdf 
National Institute of Building Sciences 
Whole Building Design Guide: Provide Security for Building Occupants and Assets 
http://www.wbdg.org/design/index.php?cn=2.7.4&cx=0 
National Research Council 
Protecting Buildings and People from Terrorism: Technology Transfer for Blast-
effects Mitigation, 2001, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, ISBN 0-309-
08286-2 http://books.nap.edu/books/0309082862/html/index.html 
Protecting Buildings From Bomb Blast, Transfer of Blast-Effects Mitigation 
Technologies from Military to Civilian Applications, 1995, National Academy 
Press, Washington, DC, ISBN 0-309-05375-7 
http://books.nap.edu/books/0309053757/html/index.html 
Protection of Federal Office Buildings Against Terrorism, 1988, Committee on the 
Protection of Federal Facilities Against Terrorism, Building Research Board, 
National Academy Press, Washington, DC, ISBN 0-309-07691-9 
http://books.nap.edu/books/0309076463/html/index.html 
Society of American Military Engineers 
National Symposium of Comprehensive Force Protection, October 2001, Charleston, 
SC, Lindbergh & Associates. For a list of participants, access 
http://www.same.org/forceprot/force.htm 
Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) 
Terrorist Bomb Threat Stand-Off Card with Explanation of Use 
http://www.tswg.gov/tswg/prods_pubs/newBTSCPress.htm 
The House National Security Committee 
Statement of Chairman Floyd D. Spence on the Report of the Bombing of Khobar 
Towers, August 1996, Washington, DC 
http://www.house.gov/hasc/Publications/104thCongress/ Reports/saudi.pdf 
U.S. Air Force
ESL-TR-87-57, Protective Construction Design Manual, November 1989; Contact 
Airbase Technologies Division (AFRL/MLQ) at Tyndall Air Force Base, FL, via e-
mail to techinfo@afrl.af.mil. [Superceded by Army Technical Manual TM 5-855-1 
(Air Force 
Pamphlet AFPAM 32-1147(I), Navy Manual NAVFAC P-1080, DSWA Manual 
DAHSCWEMAN-97), December 1997] 
Expedient Hardening Methods for Structures Subjected to the Effect of Nonnuclear 
Munitions, October 1990, Wright Laboratory Report (not available on Internet) 
Installation Entry Control Facilities Design Guide, October 2002, Air Force 
Center for Environmental Excellence 
http://www.afcee.brooks.af.mil/dc/dcd/gate/index.html 
Installation Force Protection Guide, 1997, Air Force Center for Environmental 
Excellence http://www.afcee.brooks.af.mil/dc/dcd/arch/force.pdf 
Vehicle Bomb Mitigation Guide, July 1, 1999, Force Protection Battlelab [For 
Official Use Only] Contact the USAF Force Protection Battlelab, Lackland Air 
Force Base, TX, Telephone: (210)671-0058 U.S. Army 
Field Manuals (FM) 
FM 3-19.30, Physical Security, January 8, 2001, Washington, DC 
http://www.adtdl.army.mil/cgi-bin/atdl.dll/fm/3-19.30/fm3-19.30.pdf or 
http://www.wood.army.mil/mpdoctrine/PDF_Files/FM_3-19.30.pdf 
FM 5-114, Engineer Operations Short of War, July 13, 1992 
http://155.217.58.58/cgi-bin/atdl.dll/fm/5-114/toc.htm 
Technical Instruction 853-01 (Draft), Protecting Buildings and Their Occupants 
from Airborne Hazards, October 2001 
http://buildingprotection.sbccom.army.mil/basic/airborne_hazards 
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 
Engineer Technical Letters (ETL) 
ETL 1110-3-494, Airblast Protection Retrofit for Unreinforced Concrete Masonry 
Walls, July 14, 1999 [Restricted Access] 
http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/eng-tech-ltrs 
ETL 1110-3-495, Estimating Damage to Structures from Terrorist Bombs Field 
Operations Guide, July 14, 1999 [Restricted Access] 
http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/eng-tech-ltrs 
ETL 1110-3-498, Design of Collective Protection Shelters to Resist Chemical, 
Biological, and Radiological (CBR) Agents, February 24, 1999 
http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/eng-tech-ltrs 
ETL 1110-3-501, Window Retrofit Using Fragment Retention Film with Catcher Bar 
System, July 14, 1999 [Restricted Access] 
http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/eng-tech-ltrs 
Protective Design - Mandatory Center of Expertise - Technical Reports 
PDC-TR-91-6, Blast Analysis Manual, Part 1-Level of Protection Assessment Guide, 
July 1991 [For Official Use Only] Contact U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 
Protective Design Center, 
ATTN: CENWO-ED-ST, 215 N. 17th Street, Omaha, NE 68102-4978, Telephone: 
(402)221-4918 
Technical Manuals (TM) 
TM 5-853-1, Security Engineering Project Development, May 12, 1994, also Air 
Force Manual 32-1071, Volume 1 [For Official Use Only] 
http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/armytm 
TM 5-853-2, Security Engineering Concept Design, May 12, 1994, also Air Force 
Manual 32-1071, Volume 2 [For Official Use Only] 
http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/armytm 
TM 5-853-3, Security Engineering Final Design, May 12, 1994, also Air Force 
Manual 32-1071, Volume 3 [For Official Use Only] 
http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/armytm 
TM 5-853-4, Security Engineering Electronic Security Systems, May 12, 1994 
http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/armytm 
TM 5-855-4, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning of Hardened 
Installations, November 28, 1986 
http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/armytm/tm5-855-4/ toc.htm 
TM 5-1300, Structures to Resist Accidental Explosions, November 19, 1990, (also 
Navy 
NAVFAC (Naval Facilities) P-397, Air Force Regulation 88-2); Contact David Hyde, 
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, 
Vicksburg, MS 39180 or via e-mail to hyded@ex1.wes.army.mil 
U.S. Department of Commerce 
Administrative Orders (DAO) 
DAO 206-5, Occasional Use of Public Areas in Public Buildings, December 9, 1986 
http://www.osec.doc.gov/bmi/daos/206-5.htm 
DAO 207-1, Security Programs, June 24, 1991, Amended September 6, 1991 
http://www.osec.doc.gov/bmi/daos/207-1.htm 
Critical Infrastructure Assurance Office 
Vulnerability Assessment Framework 1.1, October 1998 
http://www.ciao.gov/resource/vulassessframework.pdf 
Practices For Securing Critical Information Assets, January 2000 
http://www.ciao.gov/resource/Practices_For_Securing_Critical_ 
Information_Assets.pdf 
U.S. Department of Defense 
DoD Security Engineering Manual [Expected to have a major portion for public 
distribution once published as Unified Facilities Criteria and a smaller portion 
For Official Use Only similar to the UFC for AT Standards for Buildings listed 
below. This publication will replace Army Technical Manual 5-853 (Air Force 
Joint Manual 32-1071), Volumes 1, 2, and 3 and Navy Military Handbook 1013/1A] 
DoD O-2000.12-H, Protection of DoD Personnel and Activities Against Acts of 
Terrorism and Political Turbulence: Mandatory Standards and Implementing 
Guidance, with Changes 1 and 2, February 1993, Change 1 -May 21, 1993, Change 2-
October 3, 1997 [For Official Use Only] 
http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pub1.html 
Force Protection Equipment Demonstration IV, 6-8 May 2003 
http://www.fped4.org 
Interim Antiterrorism/Force Protection Construction Standards, December 16, 1999 
[For Official Use Only] Contact U.S. Army Engineer 
District, ATTN: CENWO-ED-ST, 215 North 17th Street, Omaha, NE 68102-4978, 
Telephone: (402)221-4918. 
Interim Antiterrorism/Force Protection Construction Standards 
-Progressive Collapse Guidance, April 4, 2000 (not available on Internet) 
Contact U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Protective Design Center, ATTN: CENWO-ED-
ST, 215 N. 17th Street, Omaha, NE 68102-4978, Telephone: (402)221-4918 
Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 
UFC 3-340-01, Design and Analysis of Hardened Structures to Conventional Weapons 
Effects, June 30, 2002 [For Official Use Only] [Formerly Army TM 5-855-1] 
http://www.hnd.usace.army.mil/techinfo/ufc/UFC3-340-01 WEB.PDF 
UFC 4-010-01, DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings, July 31, 2002 
http://www.wbdg.org/ccbref/ccbdoc.php?category=ufc&docid=10 6&ref=1 
Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS) 
UFGS-02821A, Fencing, February 2002 
http://www.ccb.org/ufgs/pdf/02821A.pdf 
UFGS-02840A, Active Vehicle Barriers, February 2002 
http://www.ccb.org/ufgs/pdf/02840A.pdf 
UFGS-02841N, Traffic Barriers, August 2001 
http://www.ccb.org/ufgs/pdf/02841N.pdf 
UFGS-08390A, Blast Resistant Doors, April 2001 
http://www.ccb.org/ufgs/pdf/08390.pdf 
UFGS-08581, Blast Resistant Tempered Glass Windows, August 2001 
http://www.ccb.org/ufgs/pdf/08581.pdf 
UFGS-08840A, Plastic Glazing, July 1995 
https://www.ccb.org/ufgs/pdf/08840A.pdf 
UFGS-08850, Fragment Retention Film for Glass, July 1992 
https://www.ccb.org/ufgs/pdf/08850.pdf 
UFGS-11020, Security Vault Door, August 2002 
http://www.ccb.org/ufgs/pdf/11020.pdf 
UFGS-11025, Forced Entry Resistant Components, August 2001 
http://www.ccb.org/ufgs/pdf/11025.pdf 
UFGS-11035, Bullet-Resistant Components, April 2000 
http://www.ccb.org/ufgs/pdf/11035.pdf 
UFGS-13095A, Electromagnetic (EM) Shielding, July 2001 
http://www.ccb.org/ufgs/pdf/13095A.pdf 
UFGS-13420A, Self-Acting Blast Valves, November 1997 
http://www.ccb.org/ufgs/pdf/13420A.pdf 
U.S. Department of Education 
Practical Information on Crisis Planning: A Guide for Schools and Communities, 
May 2003 http://www.ed.gov/emergencyplan 
U.S. Department of Energy 
DOE/TIC 11268, A Manual for the Prediction of Blast and Fragment Loadings on 
Structures, February 1992, Albuquerque, NM, Southwest Research Institute [not 
available on Internet] 
U.S. Department of Homeland Security 
National Strategy for Homeland Security, July 2002 
http://www.dhs.gov/interweb/assetlibrary/nat_strat_hls.pdf 
The National Strategy for the Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures 
and Key Assets, February 2003 
http://www.dhs.gov/interweb/assetlibrary/Physical_Strategy.pdf 
National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace, February 2003 
http://www.dhs.gov/interweb/assetlibrary/National_Cyberspace_ Strategy.pdf 
President's Homeland Security Advisory Council-Statewide Template Initiative, 
March 2003 
http://www.dhs.gov/interweb/assetlibrary/Statewide_Template_ Initiative.pdf 
State and Local Actions for Homeland Security, July 2002 
http://www.whitehouse.gov/homeland/stateandlocal/State_and_ 
Local_Actions_for_Homeland_Security.pdf 
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 
The Avoidance of Progressive Collapse, Regulatory approaches to the problem, PB-
248 781, October 1975, Division of Energy, Building Technology and Standards, 
Office of Policy Development and Research, Washington, DC 20410 (not available 
on Internet) Creating Defensible Space, April 1996, Oscar Newman, Washington, DC 
http://www.huduser.org 
U.S. Department of Justice 
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Terrorism in the United States, 1999, 
Washington, DC Counterterrorism Division 
http://www.fbi.gov/publications.htm 
Office of Domestic Preparedness (ODP) Fiscal Year 1999 State Domestic 
Preparedness Equipment Program, Assessment and Strategy 
Development Tool Kit, NCJ181200, May 15, 2000, [For Official Use Only] 
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/odp/docs/assessment.txt 
National Institute of Justice (NIJ) 
The Appropriate and Effective Use of Security Technologies in U.S. Schools: A 
Guide for Schools and Law Enforcement Agencies, September 1999, with U.S. 
Department of Education, 
Safe and Drug-Free Schools Program; and U.S. Department of Energy, Sandia 
National Laboratories 
http://www.ncjrs.org/school/home.html 
NIJ Guide 100-00, Guide for the Selection of Chemical Agent and Toxic Industrial 
Material Detection Equipment for Emergency First Responders, June 2000 
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/184449.pdf 
NIJ Guide 101-00, An Introduction to Biological Agent Detection Equipment for 
Emergency First Responders, December 2001 
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/190747.pdf 
NIJ Guide 102-00, Guide for the Selection of Personal Protective Equipment for 
Emergency First Responders, Volumes I-IV, November 2002 
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/191518.pdf 
NIJ Guide 602-00, Guide to the Technologies of Concealed Weapon and Contraband 
Imaging and Detection, February 2001 
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/184432.pdf 
NIJ Standard 0108.01, Blast Resistant Protective Materials, September 1985 
[Subscription Required] http://www.ccb.org 
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design and Community Policing, August 
1996, Dan Fleissner and Fred Heinzelmann, Washington, DC 
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/crimepre.pdf 
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design in Parking Facilities, April 1996, 
Mary S. Smith, Washington, DC 
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/cptedpkg.pdf 
"Designing Out" Gang Homicides and Street Assaults, November 1998, James Lasley, 
Washington, DC http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/173398.pdf 
The Expanding Role of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design in Premises 
Liability, April 1996, Corey L. Gordon and William Brill, Washington, DC 
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/cptedlia.pdf 
Physical Environment and Crime, January 1996, Ralph B. Taylor and Adele V. 
Harrell, Washington, DC http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/physenv.pdf 
Visibility and Vigilance: Metro's Situational Approach to Preventing Subway 
Crime, November 1997, Nancy G. La Vigne, Washington, DC 
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/166372.pdf 
U.S. Marshals Service Vulnerability Assessment of Federal Facilities, June 28, 
1995 [Restricted Access] 
http://www.oca.gsa.gov 
U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Diplomatic Security 
Architectural Engineering Design Guidelines (5 Volumes), March 1998 [For 
Official Use Only] (not available on Internet) 
Certification Standard SD-STD-01.01, Revision G (Amended), Forced Entry and 
Ballistic Resistance of Structural Systems, Amended April 30, 1993 [Subscription 
Required] http://www.ccb.org 
Patterns of Global Terrorism, 2002, April 2002, Washington, DC 
http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2002/pdf/ 
Physical Security Standards Handbook, January 7, 1998 [For Official Use Only] 
(not available on Internet) 
Structural Engineering Guidelines for New Embassy Office Buildings, August 1995 
[For Official Use Only] (not available on Internet) 
The Report of the Accountability Review Board on the Embassy Bombings in Nairobi 
and Dares Salaam on August 7, 1998, January 1999, Washington, DC 
http://www.state.gov/www/regions/africa/accountability_ report.html 
U.S. Department of the Treasury/Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms 
Vehicle Bomb Explosion Hazard And Evacuation Distance Tables, 1999, request in 
writing, address information available at 
http://www.atf.treas.gov/pub/fire-explo_pub/i54001.htm 
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs 
Physical Security Assessment of Veterans Affairs Facilities, Recommendations of 
the National Institute of Building Sciences Task Group to the Department of 
Veterans Affairs, 6 September 2002 
http://www.va.gov/facmgt/standard/etc/vaphysicalsecurityreport.pdf 
U.S. Fire Administration (USFA of FEMA) 
The Critical Infrastructure Protection Process Job Aid, May 1, 2002 
http://www.usfa.fema.gov/dhtml/fire-service/cipc-jobaid.cfm 
U.S. Navy
Design Manuals (DM) NAVFAC (Naval Facilities Command) 
NAVFAC DM 2.08, Blast Resistant Structures, December 1986 
http://www.wbdg.org/ccbref/ccbdoc.php?category=nav&docid=4 6&ref=1 
NAVFAC DM 13.02, Commercial Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), September 1986 
http://www.wbdg.org/ccbref/ccbdoc.php?category=nav&docid=4 7&ref=1 
Interim Technical Guidance (ITG) 03-03, Entry Control Facilities, 20 February 
2003 http://www.lantdiv.navfac.navy.mil/servlet page?pageid=8609,8611 &_dad= 
lantdiv&_schema=LANTDIV&11435_ACTIVE_1777132.p_ subid= 
60007&11435_ACTIVE_1777132.p_sub_siteid=51 &11435_ ACTIVE_1777132.p_edit=0 
Military Handbooks (MIL-HDBK) 
MIL-HDBK-1002/1, Structural Engineering General Requirements, November 30, 1987 
http://www.wbdg.org/ccbref/ccbdoc.php?category=nav&docid=4 8&ref=1 
MIL-HDBK-1004/4, Electrical Utilization Systems, October 13, 1987 
http://www.wbdg.org/ccbref/ccbdoc.php?category=nav&docid=4 9&ref=1 
MIL-HDBK-1012/3, Telecommunications Premises Distribution Planning, Design, 
and Estimating, May 31, 1996 
http://www.wbdg.org/ccbref/ccbdoc.php?category=nav&docid=5 0&ref=1 
MIL-HDBK-1013/1A, Design Guidelines for Physical Security of Fixed Land-Based 
Facilities, December 15, 1993. For copies, contact Defense Printing Service, 
Building 40, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Telephone: 
(215)697-2179, Fax: (215)697-1462 or available on the National Institute of 
Building Sciences' Construction Criteria Base 
MIL-HDBK-1013/10, Design Guidelines for Security Fencing, Gates, Barriers, and 
Guard Facilities, May 14, 1993. For copies, contact Defense Printing Service, 
Building 40, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Telephone: 
(215)697-2179, Fax: (215) 697-1462 or available on the National Institute of 
Building Sciences' Construction Criteria Base MIL-HDBK-1013/12, Evaluation of 
Security Glazing for Ballistic, Bomb, and Forced Entry Tactics, March 10, 1997. 
For copies, contact Defense Printing Service, Building 40, 700 Robbins Avenue, 
Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Telephone: (215)697-2179, Fax: (215) 697-1462 or 
available on the National Institute of Building Sciences' Construction Criteria 
Base MIL-HDBK-1013/14, Selection and Application of Vehicle Barriers, February 
1, 1999. For copies, contact Defense Printing Service, Building 40, 700 Robbins 
Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Telephone: (215)697-2179, Fax: (215)697-
1462 or available on the National Institute of Building Sciences' Construction 
Criteria Base 
TechData Sheets - Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center (NFESC) 
TDS-2062-SHR, Estimating Damage to Structures from Terrorist Bombs, September 
1998 [For Official Use Only] Requests for publication can be made to Naval 
Facilities Engineering Service Center, Security Engineering Division (ESC66), 
1100 23rd Ave, Port Hueneme, CA 93043-4370, Telephone (805)982-1582 (Primary), 
(805)982-4817 (Alternate); Fax: (805)982-1253 
TDS-2063-SHR, Blast Shielding Walls, September 1998 [For Official Use Only] 
Requests for publication can be made to Naval Facilities Engineering Service 
Center, Security Engineering Division (ESC66), 1100 23rd Ave., Port Hueneme, CA 
93043-4370, Telephone: (805)982-1582 (Primary), (805)982-4817 (Alternate); Fax: 
(805)982-1253 
TDS-2079-SHR, Planning and Design Considerations for Incorporating Blast 
Mitigation in Mailrooms, May 2000. For copies, contact Defense Printing Service, 
Building 40, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Telephone: 
(215)697-2179, Fax: (215) 697-1462 TDS-2090-SHR, Design Parameters for a 
Controlled Entry Point. For copies, contact Defense Printing Service, Building 
40, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Telephone: (215)697-2179, 
Fax: (215)697-1462 
User Guides - Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center (NFESC) 
UG-2030-SHR, Security Glazing Applications, May 1998, distributed June 25, 1998. 
[For Official Use Only] Requests for publication can be made to Naval Facilities 
Engineering Service Center, Security Engineering Division (ESC66), 1100 23rd 
Ave., Port Hueneme, CA 93043-4370, Telephone: (805)982-1582 (Primary), (805) 
982-4817 (Alternate); Fax: (805)982-1253 UG-2031-SHR, Protection Against 
Terrorist Vehicle Bombs, May 1998, distributed June 25, 1998. [For Official Use 
Only] Requests for publication can be made to Naval Facilities Engineering 
Service Center, Security Engineering Division (ESC66), 1100 23rd Ave, Port 
Hueneme, CA 93043-4370, Telephone: (805)982-15.82 (Primary), (805) 982-4817 
(Alternate); Fax: (805)982-1253 
Other Books, Magazines, Magazine Articles, and Newspaper Articles 
Archibald, Rae W., et al., 2002, Security and Safety in Los Angeles High-Rise 
Buildings after 9/11. RAND, Santa Monica, CA, ISBN: 0-8330-3184-8 
http://www.rand.org/publications/DB/DB381 
Atlas, Randall I., June 1998, Designing for Crime and Terrorism, Security and 
Technology Design, Security Technology and Design Magazine Reprint Services, Jim 
Benesh, Telephone: (800)547-7377 x324, Fax: (920)568-2244, e-mail: 
jim.benesh@cygnuspub.com 
Bartlett, Sarah and Petrarca, John, The Schools of Ground Zero: Early Lessons 
Learned in Children's Environmental Health, American Public Health Association, 
September 2002, ISBN: 0875530281 Broder, James F., December 15, 1999, Risk 
Analysis and the Security Survey, 2nd Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Stoneham, 
MA, ISBN: 0750670894 
Craighead, Geoff, December 2002, High-Rise Security and Fire Life Safety, 2nd 
Edition, Academic Press, ISBN: 0750674555 
Crowe, Timothy D., 2000, Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: 
Applications Of Architectural Design And Space Management Concepts (2nd 
Edition), Stoneham, MA, 
Butterworth-Heinemann, ISBN: 075067198X 
Fehr, Stephen C., July 1996, Parking Under Siege in D.C.: U.S. Anti-Terrorism 
Plan Threatens 360 Spaces, The Washington Post, July 13, 1996 
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-adv/archives/advanced.htm 
Fenelly, Lawrence J, June 1997, Effective Physical Security, 2nd Edition, 
Stoneham, MA, 
Butterworth-Heinemann, ISBN: 0-75-069873-X 
Garcia, Mary Lynn, February 23, 2001, The Design and Evaluation of Physical 
Protection Systems, Stoneham, MA, Butterworth-Heinemann, ISBN: 0750673672 
Gonchar, Joann, March 2002, Building for a Secure Future: Government 
Facilities under way incorporate already tough standards, Engineering News-
Record, March 25, 2002 
http://www.construction.com/NewsCenter/Headlines/ENR/ 20020325e.asp 
Greene, R.W., October 2002, Confronting Catastrophe: A GIS Handbook, 
ESRI Press, ISBN: 1589480406 Hart, Sara, March 2002, In the aftermath of 
September 11, the urban landscape appears vulnerable and random: 
Architects and consultants focus on risk assessment and security through 
design, Architectural Record, March 2002 
http://archrecord.construction.com/CONTEDUC/ARTICLES/ 03_02_1.asp 
Kowalski, Wladyslaw Jan, P.E., Ph.D., September 26, 2002, Immune Building 
Systems Technology, McGraw-Hill Professional, ISBN: 0-07-140246-2 
Nadel, Barbara A, March 1998, Designing for Security, Architectural Record, 
March 1998 
http://www.archrecord.com/CONTEDUC/ARTICLES/3_98_1.asp 
Owen, David D. and R.S. Means Engineering Staff, Building Security: Strategies 
and Costs, Construction Publishers & Consultants, ISBN: 0-87629-698-3, 2003 
Pearson, Robert, September 1997, Security through Environmental Design, Security 
and Technology Design, Security Technology and Design Magazine Reprint Services, 
Jim Benesh, Telephone: (800) 547-7377 x324; Fax: (920) 568-2244; e-mail: 
jim.benesh@cygnuspub.com 
Rochon, Donald M., June 1998, Architectural Design for Security, Security and 
Technology Design, Security Technology and Design Magazine Reprint Services, Jim 
Benesh, Telephone: (800)547-7377 x324; Fax: (920)568-2244; e-mail: 
jim.benesh@cygnuspub.com 
Security Magazine [on-line magazine] 
http://www.securitymagazine.com 
Security Solutions Online: Access Control and Security Systems [on-line 
magazine] http://securitysolutions.com/ 
Security Technology and Design [on-line and print magazine] 
http://www.st-and-d.com 
Sidell, Frederick R., et al, 1998, Jane's Chem-Bio Handbook, Jane's
Information Group, Alexandria, VA, ISBN 0-7106 2568-5
http://www.janes.com/company/catalog/chem_bio_hand.shtml 
Smith, Keith, November 2000, Environmental Hazards: Assessing Risk and Reducing 
Disaster, Routledge, New York, NY, ISBN 0415224632 http://www.routledge-
ny.com/books.cfm?isbn=0415224632