Technical information:  (202) 691-6339     USDL 04-1797
               http://www.bls.gov/tus/
                                           For release:  10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact:                691-5902     Tuesday, September 14, 2004


   (This news release was reissued on Wednesday, January 12, 2005, to correct
some errors in the data.  The analyses in this release were not affected by the
corrections.  For more information, see www.bls.gov/tus/note01122005.htm.)


             TIME-USE SURVEY--FIRST RESULTS ANNOUNCED BY BLS

   The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported
today that in 2003:
   
     --On the days that they worked, employed men worked about an hour more
       than employed women--8.0 versus 7.1 hours.
   
     --Employed adult women (18 years and over) spent about an hour more per
       day than employed adult men doing household activities and caring for
       household members.
   
     --On days that they worked, about 1 in 5 employed persons did some or
       all of their work at home.

     --Adults in households without children spent about 1.4 hours more per
       day engaged in leisure and sports activities than those with children.
   
   These are some examples of information derived from the new American
Time Use Survey (ATUS).  While BLS has long produced statistics about the
labor market, such as employment, hours, and earnings, the ATUS marks the
first time that a federal statistical agency has produced estimates on how
Americans spend another critical resource--their time.  The ATUS collects
data on the activities people do during the day and how much time they
spend doing them.

   The possibilities for using ATUS data are extremely broad.  This new
information will provide a context for how work fits into people's
lives--showing how people balance leisure and family time with work and
other activities, such as childcare and meal preparation--and how time use
varies across demographic and labor force groups.  Analysts also can make
comparisons of time spent in various activities between weekdays and
weekends.  As additional years of data become available, researchers will
be able to track trends in time use.  This release presents highlights in
four subject areas:  Work, household activities, childcare activities, and
leisure.
   
   Data collection for the ATUS began in January 2003.  The survey is
sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and conducted by the U.S.
Census Bureau.  ATUS estimates for 2003 are based on interviews of about
21,000 individuals.  Respondents were interviewed only once and reported
their activities for the 24-hour period from 4 a.m. on the day before the
interview until 4 a.m. on the day of the interview--their "diary day."  If
respondents reported doing more than one activity at a time, they were
asked to identify which activity was primary.  Activities were then grouped
into categories for analysis.
   
                                  - 2 -

The "Average Day"
   
   On an "average day" in 2003, persons in the U.S. age 15 and over slept
about 8.6 hours, spent 5.1 hours doing leisure and sports activities,
worked for 3.7 hours, and spent 1.8 hours doing household activities.  The
remaining 4.8 hours were spent in a variety of other activities, including
eating and drinking, attending school, and shopping.  The average day
measures for the entire population reflect the average distribution of time
across all persons, whether or not each person engaged in that activity on
their diary day.  (See table 1.)
   
   Average day measures for the entire population provide a mechanism for
seeing the overall distribution of time allocation for society as a whole,
but other measures provide additional insights.  Many activities typically
are not done on a daily basis, and some activities only are done by a
subset of the population.  For example, only 44 percent of all persons 15
years and over reported working on an average day because some were not
employed and others were employed but did not work on their diary day.  For
this reason, some of the analysis that follows uses time-use estimates that
are restricted to specific population groups, such as employed persons or
adults in households with children.
   
Working (by Employed Persons)
   
     --Employed persons worked 7.6 hours on average on the days that they
       worked.  Work hours were longer on weekdays than on weekend days--7.9
       versus 5.7 hours.  (See table 4.)
   
     --Many more people worked on weekdays than on weekend days.  About
       82 percent of employed persons worked on an average weekday, compared
       with 33 percent on an average weekend day.  (See table 4.)

     --As noted earlier, on the days they worked, employed men worked about
       an hour more than employed women.  This difference partly reflects
       women's greater likelihood of working part time.  However, even among
       full-time workers (those usually working 35 hours or more per week),
       men worked slightly longer than women--8.3 versus 7.7 hours.
       (See tables 4 and 5.)
   
     --Multiple jobholders were twice as likely as single jobholders to
       report work on an average Saturday or Sunday.  Weekend work also was
       more often reported by self-employed workers than by wage and salary
       workers.  (See table 4.)
   
     --About 19 percent of employed persons who worked on their diary day
       reported doing some or all of their work at home.  Among employed
       persons who reported working on the diary day, 33 percent of those
       who had a bachelor's degree or higher did some work at home, compared
       with about 13 percent of those who held a high school diploma only.
       (See table 5.)
   
     --Self-employed persons were far more likely than wage and salary
       workers to have done some work at home--51 versus 16 percent.
       Multiple jobholders also were much more likely to work at home than
       were persons with one job.  (See table 5.)
   
Household Activities (by the Entire Population)
   
     --On an average day in 2003, 84 percent of women and 63 percent of men
       spent some time doing household activities, such as housework, cooking,
       lawn care, or financial and other household management.  (See table 1.)
   
     --Twenty percent of men reported doing housework--such as cleaning or
       doing laundry--compared with 55 percent of women.  About 35 percent of
       men did food preparation or cleanup versus 66 percent of women.
       (See table 1.)
   
     --Women who reported doing household activities on the diary day spent
       about 2.8 hours on such activities while men spent 2.1 hours.
       (See table 1.)

                                  - 3 -

Care of Household Children (by Adults in Households with Children)
   
     --Adult women in households with children under age 18 spent about
       1.7 hours providing childcare as their primary activity.  Adult men
       in such households spent 0.8 hour (about 50 minutes).  (These include
       those who provided care on the diary day and those who did not.)
       (See table 7.)
   
     --In households with the youngest child under age 6, time spent pro-
       viding primary childcare averaged 2.7 hours for women and 1.2 hours for
       men.  Physical care, playing with children, and travel related to child-
       care were the most common primary childcare activities.  (See table 7.)
   
     --Adult women in households with children under age 13 spent on average
       about 6.4 hours providing secondary childcare.  That is, they had at
       least one child under age 13 in their care while doing other things,
       such as housework or shopping.  Adult men in such households spent
       about 4.1 hours providing this type of care.  (See table 8.)

Leisure Activities (by the Entire Population)
   
     --On an average day in 2003, nearly everyone (96 percent) age 15 and
       over reported some sort of leisure or sports activity, such as watching
       TV, socializing, or exercising.  Including the small proportion of the
       population that reported no leisure activities, men spent more time
       doing leisure activities (5.4 hours) than women (4.8 hours).
       (See table 1.)
     
     --Watching TV was the leisure activity that occupied the most time,
       accounting for about half of leisure time on average for both men
       and women.  Socializing, such as visiting with friends or attending
       or hosting social events, was the next most common leisure activity,
       accounting for about three-quarters of an hour per day for both sexes.
       (See table 1.)
   
     --Men were more likely than women to participate in sports on any given
       day, 19 versus 16 percent.  Men also spent more time in sports activ-
       ities on the days they participated, 2.0 versus 1.3 hours.  (See
       table 1.)
   
     --In households with children under age 6, employed adult women spent
       3.3 hours per day in leisure and sports activities.  Those in households
       without children spent 4.2 hours per day.  (See table 6.)

     --Time spent in leisure and sports activities was greatest at the young-
       est and oldest ages.  Persons ages 15 to 24 averaged 5.5 hours of
       leisure time per day while those age 65 and over--most of whom were not
       employed--reported 7.2 hours of leisure.  Persons ages 55 to 64 re-
       ported 5.3 hours.  Persons ages 25 to 54 spent less time doing leisure
       activities but still recorded more than 4 hours per day.  (See table 3.)       

     --Older persons spent a larger proportion of their leisure time than
       others watching TV, reading, and relaxing/thinking.  Younger persons spent
       a relatively larger share of their time socializing, playing sports, and
       playing games or using a computer for leisure.  Reading as a primary
       activity varied greatly by age.  The oldest age group averaged an hour of
       reading per day, while the youngest averaged about 8 minutes.  (See
       table 9.)

                                  - 4 -      

Microdata Release
   
   BLS will release the first annual ATUS microdata files and accompanying
documentation at a future date.  The microdata files will contain records
of respondents' answers to the survey questions.  In accordance with BLS
and Census Bureau policies that protect respondents' privacy, identifying
fields will be removed from the data and some responses may be edited.
These data are intended for users who wish to do their own tabulations and
analyses.  They will be available on the BLS Web site at
http://www.bls.gov/tus/.
   
Future Releases
   
   BLS plans to release ATUS estimates and microdata annually.  Please
refer to the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/tus/ for updates to ATUS
data.

For More Information
   
   For additional information, please see the Technical Note or the ATUS
Web site.  Additional information about the ATUS also may be obtained by
e-mailing ATUSinfo@bls.gov or by calling 202-691-6339.  Information in this
release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.
Voice phone:   202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone:  1-800-877-8339.
   





                                  - 5 -


Technical Note


Survey methodology
   
   Data collection for the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) began in January
2003.  Sample cases for the survey are selected monthly and interviews are
conducted continuously throughout the year.  In 2003, approximately 21,000
individuals were interviewed.  Estimates will be released annually.
   
   ATUS sample households are chosen from the households that completed
their eighth (final) interview for the Current Population Survey (CPS), the
nation's monthly household labor force survey.  ATUS sample households are
selected to ensure that estimates will be nationally representative.
   
   One individual age 15 or older is randomly chosen from each sampled
household.  This "designated person" is interviewed by telephone once about
his or her activities on the day before the interview--the "diary day."
   
   All ATUS interviews are conducted using Computer Assisted Telephone
Interviewing.  Procedures are in place to collect information from the
small number of households that did not provide a telephone number during
the CPS interview.
   
   ATUS designated persons are preassigned a day of the week about which to
report.  Preassignment is designed to reduce variability in response rates
across the week and to allow oversampling of weekend days, so that accurate
weekend day measures can be developed.  Interviews occur on the day following
the assigned day.  For example, a person assigned to report about a Monday
would be contacted on the following Tuesday.  Ten percent of designated per-
sons are assigned to report about each of the five weekdays.  Twenty-five per-
cent are assigned to report about each weekend day.  Households are called
for up to 8 consecutive weeks (for example, 8 Tuesdays) in order to secure
an interview.

About the questionnaire

   In the time diary portion of the ATUS interview, respondents sequentially
report activities they did between 4 a.m. on the day before the interview
("yesterday") until 4 a.m. on the day of the interview.  For each activity,
respondents are asked how long the activity lasted.  For activities other
than personal care activities (such as sleeping and grooming), interviewers
also ask respondents where they were and who was in the room with them (if
at home) or who accompanied them (if away from home).  If respondents report
doing more than one activity at a time, they are asked to identify which one
was the "main" (primary) activity.  If none can be identified, it is assumed
to be the first one mentioned.  After completing the time diary, interviewers
ask respondents additional questions to collect more information to assist
coders in clearly identifying work, volunteering, and secondary childcare
activities.  Secondary childcare is defined as having a child under age 13
in one's care while doing other things.
   
   In addition, the ATUS includes an update of the household roster
information from the last CPS interview (2-4 months prior to the ATUS
interview) and the employment status information of the designated person
and his or her spouse or unmarried partner.  For designated persons who
became employed or changed jobs between the last CPS interview and the ATUS
interview, information is also collected on industry, occupation, class of
worker, and earnings.  For those who are unemployed or on layoff, CPS ques-
tions on job search activities and layoff are asked.  Finally, a question
about current school enrollment status is asked of all respondents ages 15
to 49.

                                  - 6 -

   After completing the interview, primary activity descriptions are
assigned a single 6-digit code using the ATUS Coding Lexicon.  The 3-tier
coding system consists of 17 broad activity categories, each with multiple
second- and third-tier subcategories.  There were a total of 438 distinct
categories in the 2003 ATUS Coding Lexicon.  Activities are then combined
into composite categories for publication, such as in this news release.
Descriptions of categories shown in this release can be found in the Major
activity category definitions section of this Technical Note.  The 2003
ATUS Coding Lexicon can be accessed at http://www.bls.gov/tus/.
                                    
Concepts and definitions
   
   Average hours per day.  The average number of hours spent in a 24-hour
day (between 4 a.m. on the diary day and 4 a.m. on the interview day) doing
a specified activity.
   
     --Average hours per day, population.  The average number of hours per
       day is computed using all responses from a given population, including
       respondents who did not do a particular activity on their diary day.
       These estimates reflect how many population members engaged in an activ-
       ity and the amount of time they spent doing it.
  
     --Average hours per day, persons reporting the activity on the diary
       day.  The average number of hours per day is computed using only re-
       sponses from those who engaged in a particular activity on their diary
       day.

   Diary day.  The diary day is the day about which the designated person
reports.  For example, the diary day of a designated person interviewed on
Tuesday is Monday.

   Employment status
   
     --Employed.  All persons who, at any time during the 7 days prior to the
       interview:
     
       1)  Did any work at all as paid employees; worked in their own busi-
           ness, profession, or on their own farm; or usually worked 15 hours
           or more an unpaid workers in a family-operated enterprise; and
          
       2) All those who were not working but had jobs or businesses from which
          they were temporarily absent due to illness, bad weather, vacation,
          childcare problems, labor-management dispute, maternity or paternity
          leave, job training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or
          not they were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.
          
     --Employed full time.  Full-time workers are those who usually worked 35
       hours or more per week at all jobs combined.
     
     --Employed part time.  Part-time workers are those who usually worked
       fewer than 35 hours per week at all jobs combined.
     
     --Not employed.  Persons are not employed if they do not meet the condi-
       tions for employment.  The not employed include those classified as
       unemployed as well as those classified as not in the labor force
       (using CPS definitions).

                                  - 7 -

   The numbers of employed and not employed persons in this report do not
correspond to published totals from the CPS for several reasons.  First,
the reference population for the ATUS is 15 years and older, whereas it is
16 years and older for the CPS.  Second, ATUS data are collected continuously,
the employment reference period being the 7 days prior to the interview.  By
contrast, CPS data are always collected during the week including the 19th
of the month and refer to employment during the week containing the 12th
of the month.  Third, ATUS response rates in 2003 were slightly higher for
employed than for non-employed designated persons, and this difference is
not accounted for by weighting.  Finally, the CPS accepts answers from
household members about other household members, whereas such proxy
responses are not allowed in the ATUS.  One consequence of the difference
in proxy reporting is that a significantly higher proportion of teenagers
report employment in the ATUS than in the CPS.  While the information on
employment from the ATUS is useful for assessing work in the context of
other daily activities, the employment data are not intended for analysis
of current employment trends.  Compared to the CPS and other estimates of
employment, the ATUS estimates are based on a much smaller sample and are
only available with a substantial lag.  Moreover, because the ATUS has only
been in operation since the beginning of 2003, there is insufficient data
for time series analysis. 
   
   Household children.  Household children are children under age 18
residing in the household of the ATUS respondent.  The children may be
related to the respondent (such as their own children, grandchildren,
nieces or nephews, or brothers or sisters) or not related (such as foster
children or children of roommates).  For secondary childcare calculations,
respondents are asked about care for household children under age 13.
   
   Primary activity.  A primary activity is the main activity a respondent
was doing at a specified time.  With the exception of secondary childcare
in table 8, the estimates presented in this release reflect time spent in
primary activities only.
   
   Secondary/simultaneous activities.  A secondary activity is an activity
done at the same time as a primary activity.  With the exception of the
care of children under age 13, information on secondary activities is not
systematically collected in the ATUS.
                                  
   Secondary childcare.  Secondary childcare is care for children under age
13 that is done while doing something else, such as cooking dinner.  Second-
ary childcare estimates are derived by summing the durations of activities
during which respondents had a household child or their own non-household
child under age 13 in their care while doing other things.  Secondary childcare
time is further restricted to the time between when the first household child
under age 13 woke up and the last household child under age 13 went to bed.
It is also restricted to times the respondent was awake.  If respondents
report providing both primary and secondary care at the same time, the time
is attributed to primary care only.
   
   Weekday, weekend, and holiday estimates.  Estimates for weekdays are an
average of reports about Monday through Friday.  Estimates for weekend days
and holidays are an average of reports about Saturdays, Sundays, and the
following holidays:  New Year's Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of
July, and  Labor Day.  In 2003, data were not collected about Thanksgiving
Day or Christmas Day.

                                  - 8 -

Major activity category definitions
   
   The following definitions describe the activity categories shown in this
report.  All major time-use categories in the tables include related travel
time and waiting time.  For example, time spent "driving to the stadium"
and time spent "waiting to get into the stadium to play ball" are included
in Participating in sports under Leisure and sports.
   
   Personal care activities.  Personal care activities include sleeping,
bathing, dressing, health-related self-care, and personal or private
activities.  Receiving unpaid personal care from others (for example,
"my sister put polish on my nails") is also captured in this category.
Respondents are not asked who they were with or where they were for
personal care activities, as such information can be sensitive.
   
   Eating and drinking.  All time spent eating or drinking (except when
identified by the respondent as part of a work or volunteer activity),
whether alone, with others, at home, at a place of purchase, in transit,
or somewhere else, is classified here.  Time spent purchasing or talking
related to purchasing meals, snacks, or beverages is not counted as part
of this category; time spent doing these activities is counted in Purchas-
ing  goods and services.
   
   Household activities.  House hold activities are those done by respondents
to maintain their households.  These include housework; cooking; yard care;
pet care; vehicle maintenance and repair; and home maintenance, repair, dec-
oration, and renovation.  Food preparation, whether or not reported as done
specifically for another household member, is always classified as a household
activity, unless the respondent identified it as a volunteer, work, or income-
generating activity.  For example, "making breakfast for my son" is coded as
a household activity, not as childcare.  Household management and organiza-
tional activities--such as filling out paperwork, balancing a checkbook, or
planning a party--also are included in this category.
   
   Purchasing goods and services.  This category includes the purchase of
consumer goods as well as the purchase or use of professional and personal
care services, household services, and government services.  Most purchases
and rentals of consumer goods, regardless of mode or place of purchase or
rental (in person, via telephone, over the Internet, at home, or in a store)
are classified in this category.  Gasoline, grocery, other food purchases,
and all other shopping are further broken out in subcategories.
   
   Time spent obtaining, receiving, and purchasing professional and personal
care services provided by someone else also is classified in this category.
Professional services include childcare, financial services and banking,
legal services, medical and adult care services, real estate services, and
veterinary services.  Personal care services include day spas, hair salons
and barbershops, nail salons, and tanning salons.  Activities classified here
include time respondents spent paying, meeting with, or talking to service
providers, as well as time spent receiving the service or waiting to receive
the service.
   
   Time spent arranging for and purchasing household services provided
by someone else also is classified here.  Household services include
housecleaning; cooking; lawn care and landscaping; pet care; tailoring,
laundering, and dry cleaning; vehicle maintenance and repairs; and home
repairs, maintenance, and construction.
   
   This category also captures the time spent obtaining government
services--such as applying for food stamps--and purchasing government-
required licenses or paying fines or fees.

                                  - 9 -

   Caring for and helping household members.  Time spent doing activities
to care for or help any child or adult in the respondent's household,
regardless of relationship to the respondent or the physical or mental
health status of the person being helped, are classified here.  Caring
for and helping activities for household children and adults are coded
separately in subcategories.  Household members are considered children
if they are under age 18.
                                 
   Primary childcare activities include physical care; playing with
children; reading to children; assistance with homework; attending
children's events; taking care of children's health care needs; and
dropping off, picking up, and waiting for children.  Passive childcare
done as a primary activity (such as "keeping an eye on my son while he
swam in the pool") also is included.  A child's presence during the
respondent's activity is not enough in itself to classify the activity
as childcare.  For example, "watching television with my child" is coded
as a leisure activity, not as childcare.
   
   Secondary childcare is care for children that is done while doing
something else.  For a complete definition, see the Concepts and
definitions section of this Technical Note.
   
   Caring for and helping household members also includes a range of
activities done to benefit adult members of households, such as providing
physical and medical care or obtaining medical services.  Doing something
as a favor for or helping another household adult does not automatically
result in classification as a helping activity.  For example, a report of
"helping my wife cook dinner" is considered a household activity (food
preparation), not a helping activity, because cooking dinner benefits the
household as a whole.  By contrast, doing paperwork for another person
usually benefits the individual, so a report of "filling out an insurance
application for my husband" is considered a helping activity.
   
   Caring for and helping non-household members.  Activities done to care
for and help any child or adult who is not part of the respondent's house-
hold, regardless of the relationship to the respondent or the physical or
mental health status of the person being helped, are classified here.  Caring
for and helping activities for non-household children and adults are coded
separately in subcategories.  Non-household members are considered children
if they are under age 18.  When done for or through an organization, time
spent helping non-household individuals is classified as volunteering rather
than as helping non-household members.  Non-household childcare, even when
done as a favor or helping activity for another adult, is always classified
as non-household childcare, not as helping another adult.
   
   Working and work-related activities.  This category includes time spent
working, doing activities as part of one's job, engaging in income-generating
activities (not as part of one's job), and job search activities.  "Working"
includes hours spent doing the specific tasks required of one's main or other
job, regardless of location or time of day. Activities done outside of regular
work hours are classified as work if identified by respondents as part of their
jobs.  "Work-related activities" include activities that are not obviously work
but are identified by the respondent as being done as part of one's job, such
as having a business lunch or playing golf with clients.  "Other income-gener-
ating activities" are those done "on the side" or under informal arrangement
and are not part of the respondent's regular job.  Such activities might in-
clude selling homemade crafts, babysitting, maintaining a rental property, or
having a yard sale.  Respondents identify these activities as ones they "are
paid for or will be paid for."
   
   Travel time related to working and work-related activities includes time
spent commuting to and from one's job, as well as time spent traveling for
work-related, income-generating, and job search activities.

                                  - 10 -

   Educational activities.  Educational activities include taking classes
(including Internet and other distance-learning courses); doing research
and homework; and taking care of administrative tasks, such as registering
for classes or obtaining a school ID.  For high school students, before-
and after-school extracurricular activities (except sports) also are class-
ified as educational activities.  Activities are classified separately
by whether the educational activity was for a degree or for personal in-
terest.  Educational activities do not include time spent for classes or
training that respondents identified as part of their jobs.  Time spent
helping others with their education-related activities is classified in
the Caring for and helping categories.
   
   Organizational, civic, and religious activities.  This category captures
time spent volunteering for or through an organization, performing civic
obligations, and participating in religious and spiritual activities.  Civic
obligations include government-required duties, such as serving jury duty or
appearing in court, and activities that assist or influence government pro-
cesses, such as voting or attending town hall meetings.  Religious activities
include those normally associated with membership in or identification with
specific religions or denominations, such as attending religious services;
participating in choirs, youth groups, orchestras, or unpaid teaching (unless
identified as volunteer activities); and engaging in personal religious prac-
tices, such as praying.
                                 
   Leisure and sports.  The leisure and sports category includes sports,
exercise, and recreation; socializing and communicating; and other leisure
activities.  Socializing and communicating includes face-to-face social
communication and hosting or attending social functions.  Leisure activities
include watching television; reading; relaxing or thinking; playing computer,
board, or card games; using a computer or the Internet for personal interest;
playing or listening to music; and other activities, such as attending arts,
cultural, and entertainment events.
   
   Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail.  This category captures telephone
communication and handling household or personal mail or e-mail.  Telephone
and Internet purchases are classified in Purchasing goods and services.
Telephone calls, mail, or e-mail identified as related to work or volunteer-
ing are classified as work or volunteering.
   
   Other activities, not elsewhere classified.  This residual category
includes security procedures related to traveling, traveling not associated
with a specific activity category, ambiguous activities that could not be
coded, and missing activities.  Missing activities result when respondents
did not remember what they did for a period of time, or when they considered
an activity too private or personal to report.
   
Processing and estimation
   
   After ATUS data are collected, they go through an editing and imputation
procedure.  Responses to CPS questions that are reasked in ATUS go through
the regular CPS edit and imputation procedures.  Some item nonresponses for
questions unique to ATUS (such as where an activity took place or how much
time was spent doing secondary childcare) also are imputed.  Missing activ-
ities and missing values for who was present during an activity are never
imputed.
   
   There are two sets of weights on the monthly ATUS data files.  Benchmark
weights are  used to ensure that population totals for selected subpopulations match
totals for the same month from the CPS.  This benchmarking step accounts
for differences in noninterview rates between these groups.
   
   Final weights are used to ensure that weekdays represent about 5/7 of
the week and that Saturdays and Sundays each represent about 1/7.  The actual
proportions depend on the number of weekdays, Saturdays, and Sundays in a
given month.  The sum of the final weights is equal to the number of person-
days in the month.

                                  - 11 -

Reliability of the estimates
   
   Statistics based on the ATUS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error.  When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there
is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population
values they represent.  The exact difference, or sampling error, varies de-
pending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured
by the standard error of the estimate.  There is about a 90-percent chance,
or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no
more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of
sampling error.  BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level
of confidence.
   
   The ATUS data also are affected by nonsampling error.  Nonsampling error
can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of
the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the
sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.
Errors also could occur if nonresponse is correlated with time use.
   

   

       Table 1.  Average hours per day spent in primary activities (1) for the total population and for persons reporting
       the activity on the diary day by activity category and sex, 2003 annual averages
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                  Hours per day, total   Percent of population   Hours per day, persons
                                                       population        reporting the activity  reporting the activity
                       Activity                                             on the diary day        on the diary day   
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                  Total    Men    Women  Total    Men    Women    Total    Men    Women 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
       Total, all activities (2)...............   24.00   24.00   24.00    -       -       -        -       -       -      
                                                                                                                       
         Personal care activities..............    9.34    9.13    9.54   99.9    99.9   100.0     9.34    9.13    9.54
            Sleeping...........................    8.57    8.48    8.65   99.9    99.8    99.9     8.58    8.49    8.66
         Eating and drinking...................    1.21    1.24    1.18   91.5    91.5    91.4     1.32    1.36    1.29
         Household activities..................    1.83    1.33    2.30   73.5    62.5    83.7     2.50    2.13    2.75
            Housework..........................    0.62    0.23    0.98   37.7    19.5    54.6     1.64    1.16    1.80
            Food preparation and cleanup.......    0.53    0.25    0.79   50.7    34.6    65.6     1.05    0.73    1.20
            Lawn and garden care...............    0.20    0.26    0.14   10.2    11.7     8.9     1.95    2.25    1.58
            Household management...............    0.13    0.11    0.15   15.6    12.9    18.0     0.85    0.85    0.85
         Purchasing goods and services.........    0.81    0.68    0.94   46.1    42.0    49.9     1.77    1.63    1.88
            Consumer goods purchases...........    0.40    0.32    0.48   41.4    37.5    45.1     0.97    0.85    1.07
            Professional and personal care                                                                             
              services.........................    0.09    0.07    0.11    9.5     7.1    11.7     0.99    1.01    0.98
         Caring for and helping household                                                                              
          members..............................    0.55    0.34    0.75   26.6    20.4    32.4     2.07    1.65    2.31
            Caring for and helping household                                                                           
              children.........................    0.42    0.24    0.58   21.6    15.7    27.1     1.93    1.53    2.14
         Caring for and helping non-household                                                                          
          members..............................    0.29    0.26    0.31   15.7    13.5    17.8     1.82    1.94    1.73
            Caring for and helping                                                                                     
              non-household adults.............    0.11    0.11    0.10   10.5     9.9    11.0     1.02    1.16    0.91
         Working and work-related activities...    3.69    4.57    2.87   46.0    53.8    38.7     8.02    8.49    7.41
           Working.............................    3.32    4.09    2.60   43.9    51.3    37.0     7.57    7.99    7.03
         Educational activities................    0.47    0.45    0.50    8.3     7.6     9.0     5.68    5.93    5.49
            Attending class....................    0.29    0.28    0.29    5.6     5.2     6.0     5.11    5.43    4.85
            Homework and research..............    0.14    0.12    0.15    5.4     4.6     6.1     2.50    2.54    2.47
         Organizational, civic, and religious                                                                          
          activities...........................    0.32    0.29    0.35   13.2    11.0    15.2     2.43    2.63    2.30
            Religious and spiritual                                                                                    
              activities.......................    0.14    0.12    0.16    8.1     6.5     9.6     1.75    1.83    1.70
            Volunteering (organizational and                                                                           
              civic activities)................    0.14    0.13    0.14    6.4     5.5     7.2     2.17    2.39    2.01
         Leisure and sports....................    5.11    5.41    4.83   95.9    96.2    95.7     5.33    5.62    5.05
            Socializing and communicating......    0.78    0.72    0.83   40.1    35.7    44.2     1.94    2.02    1.88
            Watching television................    2.57    2.75    2.41   78.7    80.1    77.4     3.27    3.43    3.11
            Participating in sports, exercise,                                                                         
              and recreation...................    0.30    0.39    0.21   17.4    19.2    15.8     1.69    2.01    1.33
         Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail.....    0.19    0.13    0.24   25.7    19.7    31.2     0.74    0.66    0.78
         Other activities, not elsewhere                                                                               
          classified...........................    0.19    0.18    0.20   12.8    11.8    13.8     1.47    1.49    1.45

         1 Primary activities are those respondents identify as their main activity.  Other activities done
       simultaneously are not included.
         2 All major activity categories include related travel time.  See Technical Note for activity category
       definitions.
         NOTE:  Data refer to respondents 15 years and over.



       Table 2.  Average hours per day spent in primary activities (1) for the total population and for persons
       reporting the activity on the diary day by activity category and weekdays and weekends, 2003 annual
       averages
                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                
                                                                              Percent of        Hours per day,  
                                                        Hours per day,        population      persons reporting 
                                                       total population     reporting the    the activity on the
                                                                          activity on diary       diary day     
                                                                                 day                            
                         Activity                                                                               
                                                                                                                
                                                                Weekends            Weekends             Weekends
                                                      Weekdays    and     Weekdays    and      Weekdays    and   
                                                                holidays            holidays             holidays
                                                                  (2)                 (2)                  (2)   
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
       Total, all activities (3)....................    24.00     24.00      -         -          -         -        
                                                                                                                
         Personal care activities...................     9.04     10.04     99.9     100.0       9.05     10.04 
            Sleeping................................     8.26      9.30     99.8      99.9       8.27      9.31 
         Eating and drinking........................     1.16      1.32     92.1      90.0       1.26      1.47 
         Household activities.......................     1.69      2.18     73.0      74.7       2.31      2.92 
            Housework...............................     0.57      0.73     36.4      40.7       1.56      1.80 
            Food preparation and cleanup............     0.51      0.57     51.4      48.8       1.00      1.17 
            Lawn and garden care....................     0.16      0.28      9.4      12.1       1.74      2.35 
            Household management....................     0.13      0.13     15.9      14.7       0.82      0.92 
         Purchasing goods and services..............     0.76      0.95     45.6      47.4       1.66      2.01 
            Consumer goods purchases................     0.34      0.57     39.8      45.3       0.84      1.25 
            Professional and personal care                                                                      
              services..............................     0.11      0.05     11.4       4.9       1.00      0.97 
         Caring for and helping household members...     0.59      0.46     28.2      22.7       2.08      2.03 
            Caring for and helping household                                                                    
              children..............................     0.43      0.38     22.8      18.9       1.90      2.00 
         Caring for and helping non-household                                                                   
          members...................................     0.28      0.30     15.5      16.2       1.81      1.85 
            Caring for and helping non-household                                                                
              adults................................     0.10      0.13     10.1      11.3       0.98      1.11 
         Working and work-related activities........     4.68      1.33     55.8      22.6       8.38      5.89 
           Working..................................     4.22      1.19     53.5      21.2       7.90      5.64 
         Educational activities.....................     0.61      0.14      9.9       4.6       6.20      3.09 
            Attending class.........................     0.40      (4)       7.8      (4)        5.15      (4) 
            Homework and research...................     0.14      0.12      6.0       4.1       2.41      2.82 
         Organizational, civic, and religious                                                                   
          activities................................     0.22      0.55     10.5      19.4       2.11      2.85 
            Religious and spiritual activities......     0.06      0.34      4.8      15.8       1.20      2.14 
            Volunteering (organizational and civic                                                              
              activities)...........................     0.14      0.14      6.5       6.1       2.13      2.26 
         Leisure and sports.........................     4.59      6.35     95.5      97.0       4.80      6.54 
            Socializing and communicating...........     0.61      1.18     37.9      45.5       1.61      2.58 
            Watching television.....................     2.39      3.01     78.4      79.3       3.04      3.79 
            Participating in sports, exercise, and                                                              
              recreation............................     0.26      0.37     17.7      16.8       1.48      2.22 
         Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail..........     0.20      0.16     28.0      20.1       0.72      0.80 
         Other activities, not elsewhere                                                                        
          classified................................     0.18      0.20     12.86     12.75      1.41      1.59 

         1 Primary activities are those respondents identify as their main activity.  Other activities done
       simultaneously are not included.
         2 Holidays are New Year's Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day,
       and Christmas Day.  In 2003, data were not collected about Thanksgiving Day or Christmas Day.
         3 All major activity categories include related travel time.  See Technical Note for activity category
       definitions.
         4 Data not shown where base is less than 800,000.
         NOTE:  Data refer to respondents 15 years and over.


   
 
 
       Table 3.  Average hours per day spent in primary activities (1) for the total population, by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino
       ethnicity, and educational attainment, 2003 annual averages
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                                               Hours per day spent in primary activities (2)                          
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                       Orga-                   Other 
                                                               Pur-   Caring  Caring  Working          niza-           Tele-  activi-
              Characteristic         Person-  Eating  House-   chas-  for and for and   and    Educa- tional,          phone   ties, 
                                     al care   and     hold     ing   helping helping  work-   tional  civic, Leisure  calls,   not  
                                     activi-  drink-  activi-  goods  house-    non-  related  activi-  and     and    mail,   else-   
                                       ties    ing      ties    and    hold   house-  activi-   ties   reli-   sports   and    where  
                                                               ser-   members  hold     ties           gious           e-mail classi-
                                                               vices          members                 activi-                   fied 
                                                                                                        ties                         
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
       Total, 15 years and over.....    9.34    1.21    1.83    0.81    0.55    0.29    3.69    0.47    0.32    5.11    0.19    0.19
         15 to 24 years.............    9.95    0.96    0.82    0.69    0.27    0.32    2.65    2.20    0.26    5.46    0.24    0.18
         25 to 34 years.............    9.25    1.17    1.59    0.78    1.11    0.23    4.78    0.29    0.21    4.30    0.13    0.16
         35 to 44 years.............    9.07    1.16    1.99    0.82    1.05    0.19    4.81    0.10    0.34    4.20    0.13    0.16
         45 to 54 years.............    9.00    1.19    1.97    0.84    0.38    0.31    4.91    0.06    0.34    4.67    0.17    0.17
         55 to 64 years.............    9.13    1.35    2.28    0.90    0.15    0.40    3.70    (3)     0.37    5.27    0.21    0.20
         65 years and over..........    9.65    1.52    2.55    0.89    0.13    0.31    0.77    (3)     0.44    7.16    0.27    0.28
                                                                                                                                    
        Men, 15 years and over......    9.13    1.24    1.33    0.68    0.34    0.26    4.57    0.45    0.29    5.41    0.13    0.18
         15 to 24 years.............    9.85    0.94    0.65    0.54    0.10    0.37    2.95    2.06    0.26    5.92    0.19    0.16
         25 to 34 years.............    8.93    1.21    1.10    0.70    0.58    0.24    5.95    (3)     0.21    4.58    0.10    0.14
         35 to 44 years.............    8.82    1.19    1.40    0.67    0.68    0.17    5.84    (3)     0.31    4.60    0.10    0.16
         45 to 54 years.............    8.76    1.22    1.45    0.66    0.27    0.23    5.93    (3)     0.27    4.89    0.12    0.14
         55 to 64 years.............    8.93    1.40    1.79    0.68    0.09    0.27    4.64    (3)    0.32    5.55    0.13    0.20
         65 years and over..........    9.51    1.65    1.89    0.90    0.15    0.31    1.20    (3)     0.41    7.52    0.16    0.29
                                                                                                                                    
        Women, 15 years and over....    9.54    1.18    2.30    0.94    0.75    0.31    2.87    0.50    0.35    4.83    0.24    0.20
         15 to 24 years.............   10.06    0.97    1.00    0.83    0.45    0.27    2.35    2.33    0.25    4.99    0.30    0.21
         25 to 34 years.............    9.55    1.12    2.08    0.86    1.64    0.22    3.62    0.31    0.22    4.03    0.16    0.17
         35 to 44 years.............    9.31    1.13    2.56    0.96    1.40    0.20    3.81    0.14    0.36    3.81    0.16    0.16
         45 to 54 years.............    9.23    1.16    2.48    1.01    0.47    0.40    3.92    (3)     0.40    4.46    0.22    0.19
         55 to 64 years.............    9.31    1.30    2.71    1.10    0.21    0.52    2.88    (3)     0.42    5.02    0.28    0.20
         65 years and over..........    9.76    1.43    3.06    0.89    0.12    0.31    0.43    (3)     0.46    6.88    0.36    0.28
                                                                                                                                    
        White, 15 years and over....    9.27    1.26    1.93    0.83    0.54    0.28    3.72    0.42    0.30    5.07    0.18    0.19
         Men........................    9.08    1.29    1.40    0.70    0.33    0.24    4.66    0.41    0.26    5.32    0.13    0.18
         Women......................    9.45    1.23    2.43    0.96    0.74    0.31    2.83    0.44    0.33    4.83    0.24    0.20
                                                                                                                                    
        Black or African American,                                                                                                  
          15 years and over.........    9.83    0.81    1.30    0.70    0.54    0.37    3.31    0.66    0.51    5.55    0.22    0.20
         Men........................    9.41    0.84    0.93    0.56    0.30    0.43    3.88    (3)     0.57    6.13    0.14    0.18
         Women......................   10.17    0.79    1.59    0.82    0.72    0.32    2.86    0.68    0.47    5.09    0.29    0.22
                                                                                                                                    
        Hispanic or Latino                                                                                                          
          ethnicity, 15 years                                                                                                       
          and over..................    9.70    1.12    1.82    0.81    0.72    0.21    3.66    0.57    0.23    4.85    0.12    0.19
         Men........................    9.64    1.15    1.02    0.71    0.42    0.21    4.55    (3)     0.21    5.28    0.12    0.19
         Women......................    9.77    1.08    2.67    0.91    1.02    0.22    2.74    0.63    0.25    4.41    0.12    0.19
                                                                                                                                    
        Educational attainment, 25                                                                                                  
          years and over:                                                                                                           
         Less than high school......    9.89    1.09    2.25    0.70    0.45    0.27    2.46    (3)     0.26    6.29    0.09    0.20
         High school diploma (4)....    9.25    1.22    2.24    0.81    0.52    0.30    3.65    (3)     0.30    5.36    0.16    0.16
         Less than a bachelor's                                                                                                     
           degree...................    9.13    1.24    2.00    0.85    0.65    0.32    4.11    0.18    0.34    4.78    0.18    0.20
         Bachelor's degree or 
           higher (5)...............    8.90    1.41    1.78    0.93    0.75    0.22    4.72    0.14    0.41    4.29    0.23    0.21

         1 Primary activities are those respondents identify as their main activity.  Other activities done simultaneously are not
       included.
         2 All major activity categories include related travel time.  See Technical Note for activity category definitions.
         3 Data not shown where base is less than 800,000.
         4 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
         5 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
         NOTE:  Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race, and, therefore, are classified by
       ethnicity as well as by race.





 Table 4.  Average hours worked per day by employed persons on weekdays and weekend days by selected characteristics, 2003 annual averages

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                         Employed persons                                              
                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                                       
                                                         Worked on an average day       Worked on an average weekday    Worked on an average Saturday, 
              Characteristic                                                                                                 Sunday, and holiday(1)    
                                             Total                                                                                                     
                                           employed                           Hours                            Hours                                   
                                                       Number     Percent    per day    Number     Percent    per day    Number     Percent     Hours 
                                                                               (2)        (3)                   (2)        (4)                 per day     
                                                                                                                                                 (2)                                                                                                                                                                      
    Full- and part-time status and sex                                                                                                                 
 Total, 15 years and over (5)............  c145,466     98,069      67.4       7.59    c119,249      82.0       7.92     c47,602      32.7       5.66  
    Full-time workers....................  c112,347     80,033      71.2       8.09     c98,589      87.8       8.46     c36,813      32.8       5.80  
    Part-time workers....................    33,120     18,035      54.5       5.40      20,848      62.9       5.45      10,785      32.6       5.12  
  Men (5)................................   c78,092     55,288      70.8       8.01     c66,577      85.3       8.37     c28,354      36.3       5.97  
    Full-time workers....................   c66,243     48,534      73.3       8.33     c59,205      89.4       8.72     c23,798      35.9       6.03  
    Part-time workers....................    11,848      6,754      57.0       5.74       7,519      63.5       5.77       4,594      38.8       5.60  
  Women (5)..............................    67,374     42,781      63.5       7.06      52,670      78.2       7.34      19,254      28.6       5.19  
    Full-time workers....................    46,103     31,500      68.3       7.72      39,388      85.4       8.06      12,998      28.2       5.37  
    Part-time workers....................    21,271     11,281      53.0       5.19      13,326      62.6       5.27       6,262      29.4       4.81  
                                                                                                                                                       
        Multiple jobholding status                                                                                                                     
 Single jobholders.......................  c131,462     86,928      66.1       7.57    c106,949      81.4       7.88     c39,161      29.8       5.54  
 Multiple jobholders.....................    14,005     11,141      79.6       7.79      12,303      87.8       8.27       8,406      60.0       6.17  
                                                                                                                                                       
             Class of worker                                                                                                                           
 Wage and salary workers.................  c134,212    c90,002      67.1       7.67    c110,096      82.0      c8.00     c42,574     c31.7       5.67  
 Self-employed workers...................   c11,084     c7,970     c71.9      c6.80      c9,048      81.6       7.07      c5,100     c46.0      c5.56  
                                                                                                                                                       
   Educational attainment,                                                                                                                
     25 years and over                                                                                                                                 
 Less than high school...................    10,830      7,116      65.7       7.71       9,018      83.3       7.89       3,040      28.1       6.54  
 High school diploma (6).................    38,089     25,623      67.3       7.89      31,379      82.4       8.12      11,375      29.9       6.37  
 Less than a bachelor's degree...........   c32,748     22,338      68.2       7.69     c27,810     c84.9       7.95      c9,827      30.0       5.99  
 Bachelor's degree or higher (7).........    41,004     29,725      72.5       7.50      35,959      87.7       8.07      14,776      36.0       4.18  


   1 Holidays are New Year's Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.  In 2003, data were not
 collected about Thanksgiving Day or Christmas Day.
   2 Includes work at main and other job(s), and excludes travel related to work.
   3 Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average weekday.
   4 Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday.
   5 Includes workers whose hours vary.
   6 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
   7 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
   NOTE:  Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over.
   c=corrected.



       Table 5.  Average hours worked per day by employed persons at workplace or home by selected characteristics, 2003 annual averages

       (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                                Employed persons who reported working on the diary day(1)                    
                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                    Location of work(2)                      
                                                                                                                                                             
                                                   Total                                                                                                     
                    Characteristic               employed                                    Persons who reported working at  Persons who reported working at
                                                             Number     Percent    Hours         workplace on diary day           home on the diary day(3)   
                                                                                  of work                                                                    
                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                   Hours of                         Hours of 
                                                                                              Number     Percent    work at    Number     Percent    work at 
                                                                                                                   workplace                          home   
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
          Full- and part-time status and sex                                                                                                                 
       Total, 15 years and over (4)............  c145,466     98,069      67.4       7.59      85,368      87.0       7.83      18,560      18.9       2.54  
          Full-time workers....................  c112,347     80,033      71.2       8.09      71,061      88.8       8.22      14,668      18.3       2.60  
          Part-time workers....................    33,120     18,035      54.5       5.40      14,307      79.3       5.86       3,892      21.6       2.29  
        Men (4)................................   c78,092     55,288      70.8       8.01      48,761      88.2       8.21      10,277      18.6       2.50  
          Full-time workers....................   c66,243     48,534      73.3       8.33      43,421      89.5       8.45       8,927      18.4       2.52  
          Part-time workers....................    11,848      6,754      57.0       5.74       5,340      79.1       6.29       1,349      20.0       2.35  
        Women (4)..............................    67,374     42,781      63.5       7.06      36,607      85.6       7.31       8,283      19.4       2.58  
          Full-time workers....................    46,103     31,500      68.3       7.72      27,640      87.7       7.87       5,741      18.2       2.73  
          Part-time workers....................    21,271     11,281      53.0       5.19       8,967      79.5       5.60       2,543      22.5       2.25  
                                                                                                                                                             
              Multiple jobholding status                                                                                                                     
       Single jobholders.......................  c131,462     86,928      66.1       7.57      76,295      87.8       7.83      14,819      17.0       2.46  
       Multiple jobholders.....................    14,005     11,141      79.6       7.79       9,073      81.4       7.78       3,741      33.6       2.84  
                                                                                                                                                             
                   Class of worker                                                                                                                           
       Wage and salary workers.................  c134,212    c90,002      67.1       7.67     c80,463      89.4      c7.87     c14,480      16.1       2.21  
       Self-employed workers...................   c11,084     c7,970     c71.9      c6.80      c4,868     c61.1      c7.20      c4,034     c50.6       3.70  
                                                                                                                                                             
         Educational attainment, 25 years and                                                                                                                
                        over                                                                                                                                 
       Less than high school...................    10,830      7,116      65.7       7.71       6,531      91.8       7.80         660       9.3       (7)   
       High school diploma (5).................    38,089     25,623      67.3       7.89      23,201      90.5       7.90       3,284      12.8       3.28  
       Less than a bachelor's degree...........   c32,748     22,338      68.2       7.69      19,516      87.4       7.92       4,215      18.9       2.49  
       Bachelor's degree or higher (6).........    41,004     29,725      72.5       7.50      23,796      80.1       7.98       9,656      32.5       2.33  

         1 Includes work at main and other job(s) and at locations other than home or workplace.  Excludes travel related to work.
         2 Respondents can report working at more than one location during the diary day.
         3 "Working at home" includes any time the respondent reported doing activities that were identified as "part of one's job," and is not restricted to
       persons whose usual workplace is their home.
         4 Includes workers whose hours vary.
         5 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
         6 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
         7 Data not shown where base is less than 800,000.
         NOTE:  Unless otherwise specified, data refer to respondents 15 years and over.
         c=corrected.




       Table 6.  Average hours per day spent in primary activities(1) for the population 18 years and over, by sex, labor force status, and presence and age
       of children, 2003 annual averages
                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                Hours per day spent in primary activities(2)                               
                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                          Orga-                      Other       
                                                                                      Caring   Caring   Working           niza-             Tele-    activ- 
                    Characteristic               Per-               House   Purchas-  for and  for and    and    Educa-   tional,           phone    ities,
                                                 sonal     Eating   hold      ing     helping  helping    work   tional   civic,   Leisure  calls,    not    
                                                 care       and     activ-   goods    house-    non-    related  activ-    and      and     mail,    else-
                                                 activ-   drinking  ities     and      hold    house-    activ-  ities    reli-    sports    and     where   
                                                 ities                     services   members   hold     ities            gious             e-mail   clas-
                                                                                               members                    activ-                     sified  
                                                                                                                          ities                            
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
               Total, 18 years and over........    9.29     1.23     1.92     0.83     0.58     0.29     3.86     0.26     0.32     5.06     0.18     0.19 
         No household children under 18........    9.36     1.31     1.89     0.83     0.08     0.35     3.60     0.25     0.31     5.60     0.22     0.20 
         Household children under 18...........    9.17     1.10     1.96     0.83     1.37     0.19     4.27     0.28     0.34     4.18     0.12     0.17 
            Household children 6-17, none                                                                                                                  
             younger...........................    9.20     1.10     1.94     0.83     0.82     0.22     4.42     0.36     0.41     4.39     0.14     0.17 
            Household children under 6.........    9.14     1.10     1.99     0.82     2.08     0.16     4.08     0.18     0.26     3.92     0.11     0.17 
                                                                                                                                                           
       Men.....................................    9.05     1.27     1.39     0.70     0.35     0.27     4.81     0.25     0.29     5.34     0.12     0.18 
         No household children under 18........    9.13     1.35     1.42     0.72     0.07     0.32     4.29     0.25     0.27     5.85     0.15     0.18 
         Household children under 18...........    8.90     1.12     1.34     0.67     0.86     0.18     5.70     0.25     0.32     4.43     0.08     0.16 
            Household children 6-17, none                                                                                                                  
             younger...........................    8.99     1.09     1.35     0.66     0.54     0.19     5.49     0.34     0.39     4.70     0.11     0.16 
            Household children under 6.........    8.78     1.16     1.32     0.68     1.27     0.17     5.98     (3)      0.23     4.07     0.05     0.17 
                                                                                                                                                           
       Women...................................    9.50     1.20     2.41     0.95     0.78     0.31     2.98     0.28     0.35     4.80     0.23     0.20 
         No household children under 18........    9.58     1.28     2.36     0.94     0.09     0.39     2.91     0.25     0.35     5.36     0.29     0.22 
         Household children under 18...........    9.39     1.09     2.48     0.96     1.80     0.20     3.08     0.31     0.36     3.98     0.15     0.18 
            Household children 6-17, none                                                                                                                  
             younger...........................    9.37     1.11     2.43     0.99     1.06     0.25     3.52     0.38     0.43     4.13     0.16     0.18 
            Household children under 6.........    9.43     1.06     2.54     0.93     2.73     0.15     2.54     0.23     0.28     3.79     0.15     0.17 
                                                                                                                                                           
             Employed, 18 years and over.......    9.01     1.21     1.53     0.77     0.55     0.26     5.72     0.19     0.27     4.20     0.15     0.15 
         No household children under 18........    9.04     1.27     1.46     0.77     0.06     0.31     5.80     0.21     0.24     4.51     0.17     0.16 
         Household children under 18...........    8.97     1.12     1.61     0.77     1.19     0.18     5.61     0.18     0.31     3.80     0.11     0.14 
            Household children 6-17, none                                                                                                                  
             younger...........................    9.01     1.12     1.67     0.78     0.76     0.20    c5.62     0.23     0.37     3.97     0.12     0.14 
            Household children under 6.........    8.91     1.12     1.54     0.76     1.78     0.16     5.59     0.11     0.23     3.56     0.09     0.14 
                                                                                                                                                           
       Men.....................................    8.78     1.23     1.18     0.64     0.39     0.25     6.36     0.18     0.25     4.49     0.11     0.14 
         No household children under 18........    8.83     1.30     1.16     0.64     0.04     0.30     6.26     0.18     0.21     4.80     0.13     0.14 
         Household children under 18...........    8.72     1.14     1.22     0.65    c0.86     0.17     6.49     0.17     0.31     4.07     0.07     0.14 
            Household children 6-17, none                                                                                                                  
             younger...........................    8.77     1.11     1.25     0.64     0.51     0.18     6.41     (3)     c0.37     4.30     0.09     0.13 
            Household children under 6.........    8.66     1.18     1.17     0.66     1.28     0.15     6.59     (3)      0.24     3.80     0.05     0.14 
                                                                                                                                                           
       Women...................................    9.28     1.17     1.93     0.92     0.74     0.27     4.97     0.21     0.30     3.85     0.19     0.16 
         No household children under 18........    9.30     1.23     1.83     0.93     0.08     0.32     5.24     0.24     0.29     4.15     0.22     0.17 
         Household children under 18...........    9.25     1.10     2.05     0.91     1.56     0.20     4.64     0.19     0.32     3.49     0.14     0.15 
            Household children 6-17, none                                                                                                                  
             younger...........................    9.26     1.13     2.08     0.92     1.01     0.23     4.84     0.22     0.37     3.65     0.15     0.15 
            Household children under 6.........    9.23     1.06     2.00     0.90     2.42     0.16     4.34     (3)      0.23     3.25     0.14     0.14 
                                                                                                                                                           
           Not employed, 18 years and over.....    9.83     1.28     2.69     0.95     0.63     0.36     0.17     0.40     0.42     6.76     0.25     0.27 
         No household children under 18........    9.85     1.38     2.56     0.93     0.11     0.41     0.16     0.32     0.41     7.32     0.28     0.27 
         Household children under 18...........    9.78     1.04     3.01     0.99     1.93     0.22     0.21     0.60     0.43    c5.36     0.17     0.26 
            Household children 6-17, none                                                                                                                  
             younger...........................    9.83     1.04     2.88     1.02    c1.04     0.28     (3)      0.82     0.53    c5.86     0.19     0.28 
            Household children under 6.........    9.73     1.05     3.15     0.95     2.83     0.17     (3)      (3)      0.33     4.85     0.15     0.24 
                                                                                                                                                           
       Men.....................................    9.83     1.37     1.98     0.87     0.26     0.33     0.28     0.45     0.39    c7.80     0.17     0.28 
         No household children under 18........    9.76     1.45     1.95     0.90     0.12     0.34     (3)      (3)      0.40     8.03     0.18     0.27 
         Household children under 18...........   10.11     1.01    c2.13     0.76    c0.86     (3)      (3)      (3)     c0.36    c6.77     (3)      (3)  
            Household children 6-17, none                                                                                                                  
             younger...........................   10.24     1.00     1.90     0.73    c0.67     (3)      (3)      (3)      (3)     c6.91     (3)      (3)  
            Household children under 6.........    9.85     1.04     2.57     (3)      1.23     (3)      (3)      (3)      (3)      6.49     (3)      (3)  
                                                                                                                                                           
       Women...................................    9.83     1.23     3.10     0.99     0.84     0.37     0.11     0.36     0.43     6.16     0.30     0.26 
         No household children under 18........    9.91     1.32     3.00     0.96     0.11     0.46     (3)      (3)      0.42     6.81     0.36     0.27 
         Household children under 18...........    9.68     1.05     3.29     1.06     2.26     0.21     (3)      0.55     0.45     4.91     0.18     0.24 
            Household children 6-17, none                                                                                                                  
             younger...........................    9.64     1.05     3.33     1.15     1.21     0.29     (3)      (3)      0.58     5.37     0.19     0.26 
            Household children under 6.........    9.71     1.06     3.26     0.98     3.14     0.14     (3)      (3)      0.35     4.53     0.17     0.21 

         1 Primary activities are those respondents identify as their main activity.  Other activities done simultaneously are not included.
         2 All activity categories include related travel.  See Technical Note for activity category definitions.
         3 Data not shown where base is less than 800,000.
         c=corrected.



       Table 7.  Average hours per day spent by persons 18 years and over caring for household children under 18
       years, by sex of respondent and age of youngest household child, 2003 annual averages
                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                 
                                                                      Hours per day spent caring for household   
                                                                                      children                   
                          Childcare activities                                                                   
                                                                                                                 
                                                                        Total            Men            Women     
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
       Persons in households with children under 18, total                                                       
        Caring for household children as a primary activity......        1.31            0.81            1.73    
         Physical care...........................................        0.47            0.22            0.69    
         Education-related activities............................        0.10            0.06            0.13    
         Reading to/with children................................        0.03            0.02            0.05    
         Talking to/with children................................        0.05            0.02            0.06    
         Playing/doing hobbies with children.....................        0.24            0.21            0.25    
         Looking after children..................................        0.06            0.05            0.08    
         Attending children's events.............................        0.05            0.04            0.07    
         Travel related to care of household children............        0.17            0.11            0.22    
         Other childcare activities..............................        0.13            0.07            0.19    
                                                                                                                 
         Persons in households with youngest child 6 to 17 years                                                 
          Caring for household children as a primary activity....        0.75            0.49            0.98    
           Physical care.........................................        0.17            0.08            0.24    
           Education-related activities..........................        0.11            0.07            0.14    
           Reading to/with children..............................        0.01            (1)             0.02    
           Talking to/with children..............................        0.06            0.03            0.08    
           Playing/doing hobbies with children...................        0.05            0.06            0.04    
           Looking after children................................        0.03            (1)             0.04    
           Attending children's events...........................        0.07            (1)             0.07    
           Travel related to care of household children..........        0.16            0.11            0.21    
           Other childcare activities............................        0.10            0.06            0.14    
                                                                                                                 
         Persons in households with youngest child under 6                                                       
          Caring for household children as a primary activity....        2.02            1.22            2.68    
           Physical care.........................................        0.87            0.41            1.24    
           Education-related activities..........................        0.09            (1)             0.11    
           Reading to/with children..............................        0.06            0.03            0.08    
           Talking to/with children..............................        0.03            (1)             0.04    
           Playing/doing hobbies with children...................        0.47            0.41            0.52    
           Looking after children................................        0.11            0.09            0.13    
           Attending children's events...........................        0.04            (1)             0.05    
           Travel related to care of household children..........        0.18            0.11            0.24    
           Other childcare activities............................        0.18            0.07            0.26    

         1 Data not shown where base is less than 800,000.
         NOTE:  Universe includes respondents 18 years and over living in households with children under 18
       years, even if they did not report doing childcare on the diary day.



 
       Table 8.  Average hours per day spent by persons 18 years and over caring for household children under 13 as a
       secondary activity, by sex of respondent and age of youngest child, 2003 annual averages
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                        
                                                                             Hours per day spent caring for household   
                                                                                            children (2)                
                            Childcare activities (1)                                                                    
                                                                                                                        
                                                                               Total            Men            Women     
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
       Persons in households with children under 13, total..............        5.36            4.12            6.38    
        Caring for household children as a secondary activity in                                                        
           conjunction with:                                                                                            
          Personal care activities......................................        0.28            0.19            0.35    
          Household activities..........................................        1.31            0.74            1.77    
          Purchasing goods and services.................................        0.41            0.28            0.51    
          Working and work-related activities...........................        0.21            0.17            0.25    
          Eating and drinking...........................................        0.62            0.53            0.69    
          Leisure and sports............................................        2.10            1.89            2.28    
          Other activities..............................................        0.44            0.31            0.54    
                                                                                                                        
          Persons in households with children 6 to 12, total............        4.92            4.07            5.62    
           Caring for household children as a secondary activity in                                                     
              conjunction with:                                                                                         
            Personal care activities....................................        0.27            0.19            0.34    
            Household activities........................................        1.13            0.71            1.47    
            Purchasing goods and services...............................        0.33            0.24            0.40    
            Working and work-related activities.........................        0.21            0.18            0.24    
            Eating and drinking.........................................        0.53            0.48            0.57    
            Leisure and sports..........................................        2.01            1.93            2.08    
            Other activities............................................        0.45            0.35            0.52    
                                                                                                                        
          Persons in households with children under 6, total............        5.70            4.16            6.94    
           Caring for household children as a secondary activity in                                                     
              conjunction with:                                                                                         
            Personal care activities....................................        0.28            0.20            0.35    
            Household activities........................................        1.44            0.77            1.99    
            Purchasing goods and services...............................        0.47            0.32            0.59    
            Working and work-related activities.........................        0.21            0.17            0.25    
            Eating and drinking.........................................        0.69            0.57            0.78    
            Leisure and sports..........................................        2.17            1.86            2.43    
            Other activities............................................        0.43            0.27            0.55    

         1 All major activity categories include related travel time.  See Technical Note for activity category
       definitions.
         2 Secondary childcare time is defined as time one has a child under 13 "in his or her care" while doing
       something else as a main activity; information on secondary childcare is not collected for children over 12
       years.  Estimates include a small amount of care provided to own, non-household children.
         NOTE:  Universe includes all respondents 18 years and over living in households with children under 13
       years, even if they did not report doing any childcare on the diary day.



 
       Table 9.  Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities for the total population by selected characteristics, 2003 annual averages
                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                 Hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities                                 
                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                            Total,    Participating                                                          Playing games Other leisure
                                                         all leisure    in sports,  Socializing                               Relaxing/      and computer   and sports 
                                                         and sports   exercise, and     and        Watching TV     Reading    thinking         use for     activities, 
                    Characteristic                       activities    recreation   communicating                                               leisure      including  
                                                                                                                                                              travel(1) 
                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                Total,                                                                                                                
                                                 both    Men   Women   Men   Women   Men   Women   Men   Women   Men   Women   Men   Women   Men   Women   Men   Women
                                                 sexes                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                         Age                                                                                                                                          
       Total, 15 years and over................   5.11   5.41   4.83   0.39   0.21   0.72   0.83   2.75   2.41   0.33   0.40   0.34   0.32   0.36   0.23   0.52   0.43
          15 to 24 years.......................   5.46   5.92   4.99   0.67   0.36   1.00   1.02   2.29   2.17   0.14   0.14   0.22   0.22   0.80   0.43   0.79   0.65
          25 to 34 years.......................   4.30   4.58   4.03   0.37   0.22   0.72   0.83   2.33   2.01   0.14   0.18   0.24   0.24   0.36   0.19   0.42   0.37
          35 to 44 years.......................   4.20   4.60   3.81   0.32   0.19   0.63   0.72   2.54   1.87   0.20   0.26   0.26   0.22   0.21   0.16   0.45   0.38
          45 to 54 years.......................   4.67   4.89   4.46   0.27   0.18   0.60   0.83   2.65   2.26   0.30   0.34   0.38   0.30   0.24   0.18   0.45   0.37
          55 to 64 years.......................   5.27   5.55   5.02   0.34   0.18   0.63   0.78   3.06   2.53   0.43   0.55   0.39   0.34   0.25   0.21   0.45   0.42
          65 years and over....................   7.16   7.52   6.88   0.33   0.13   0.73   0.81   4.05   3.70   0.94   1.01   0.66   0.63   0.26   0.24   0.54   0.37
                                                                                                                                                                      
        Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity                                                                                                                         
       White...................................   5.07   5.32   4.83   0.39   0.23   0.71   0.83   2.69   2.39   0.35   0.44   0.31   0.29   0.34   0.23   0.53   0.43
       Black or African American...............   5.55   6.13   5.09   0.32   0.12   0.77   0.84   3.35   2.72   0.19   0.18   0.58   0.56   0.45   0.28   0.47   0.38
       Hispanic or Latino ethnicity............   4.85   5.28   4.41   0.46   0.19   0.76   0.79   2.78   2.53   0.15   0.13   0.33   0.24   0.27   0.12   0.53   0.41
                                                                                                                                                                      
                  Employment status                                                                                                                                   
       Employed................................   4.23   4.53   3.89   0.35   0.21   0.65   0.74   2.26   1.83   0.23   0.28   0.28   0.23   0.30   0.19   0.45   0.41
       Employed full-time......................   4.06   4.33   3.66   0.32   0.19   0.64   0.67   2.21   1.76   0.21   0.26   0.28   0.23   0.26   0.16   0.42   0.39
       Employed part-time......................   4.83   5.60   4.40   0.52   0.24   0.75   0.91   2.55   2.00   0.34   0.32   0.31   0.23   0.50   0.24   0.64   0.46
       Not employed............................   6.71   7.66   6.12   0.48   0.21   0.90   0.95   3.98   3.19   0.57   0.57   0.50   0.44   0.52   0.30   0.70   0.45
                                                                                                                                                                      
                 Presence of children                                                                                                                                 
       No household children under 18..........   5.62   5.87   5.36   0.39   0.21   0.71   0.84   3.07   2.69   0.40   0.54   0.38   0.38   0.37   0.25   0.55   0.44
       Household children under 18.............   4.35   4.64   4.10   0.39   0.20   0.74   0.82   2.21   2.02   0.20   0.21   0.28   0.23   0.35   0.21   0.47   0.41
          Children 13 to 17 years, none                                                                                                                               
            younger............................   4.77   5.14   4.45   0.47   0.22   0.78   0.84   2.26   2.18   0.28   0.29   0.30   0.26   0.55   0.22   0.49   0.44
          Children 6 to 12 years, none                                                                                                                                
            younger............................  c4.45   4.76  c4.19   0.43   0.25   0.76   0.80   2.27  c2.02   0.19   0.23   0.27   0.22   0.33   0.21   0.51   0.46
          Youngest child under 6 years.........  c4.01   4.23  c3.83   0.30   0.16   0.70   0.83   2.14  c1.92   0.15   0.14   0.27   0.23   0.25   0.20   0.43   0.35
                                                                                                                                                                      
           Educational attainment, 25 years                                                                                                                           
                       and over                                                                                                                                       
       Less than high school...................   6.29   6.75   5.87   0.32   0.11   0.76   0.85   3.94   3.47   0.29   0.35   0.79   0.65   0.19   0.12   0.44   0.31
       High school diploma(2)..................   5.36   5.52   5.21   0.32   0.13   0.68   0.84   3.19   2.81   0.25   0.45   0.41   0.41   0.23   0.21   0.44   0.37
       Less than a bachelor's degree...........   4.78   5.08   4.53   0.26   0.17   0.63   0.76   2.70   2.28   0.37   0.44   0.31   0.27   0.33   0.23   0.47   0.38
       Bachelor's degree or higher(3)..........   4.29   4.56   4.01   0.38   0.28   0.62   0.74   2.11   1.66   0.52   0.54   0.18   0.17   0.27   0.17   0.48   0.44

         1 Includes other leisure and sports activities, not elsewhere classified, and travel related to leisure and sports activities.
         2 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
         3 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
         NOTE:  Unless otherwise specified, data refer to respondents 15 years and over.  Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of
       any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race.
         c=corrected.







       Table 10.  Average hours per day spent in primary activities(1) for the total population by
       activity category, 2003 averages

       (Not seasonally adjusted)
       _______________________________________________________________________________________________
                                                    |                                       |         
                                                    |           Quarterly averages          |         
                          Activity                  |_______________________________________|  Annual                                                                                              
                                                    |         |         |         |         |  average 
                                                    |    I    |    II   |   III   |    IV   |         
       _____________________________________________|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________                                                                                                                                            
                                                    |         |         |         |         |         
       Total, all activities(2).....................|   24.00 |   24.00 |   24.00 |   24.00 |   24.00 
                                                    |         |         |         |         |         
         Personal care activities...................|    9.39 |    9.27 |    9.35 |    9.35 |    9.34 
            Sleeping................................|    8.65 |    8.49 |    8.53 |    8.60 |    8.57 
         Eating and drinking........................|    1.14 |    1.26 |    1.21 |    1.22 |    1.21 
         Household activities.......................|    1.73 |    1.91 |    1.89 |    1.81 |    1.83 
            Housework...............................|    0.63 |    0.60 |    0.61 |    0.63 |    0.62 
            Food preparation and cleanup............|    0.56 |    0.51 |    0.53 |    0.53 |    0.53 
            Lawn and garden care....................|    0.08 |    0.34 |    0.26 |    0.12 |    0.20 
            Household management....................|    0.12 |    0.13 |    0.13 |    0.15 |    0.13 
         Purchasing goods and services..............|    0.76 |    0.82 |    0.82 |    0.85 |    0.81 
            Consumer purchases......................|    0.37 |    0.40 |    0.38 |    0.47 |    0.40 
            Professional and personal care          |         |         |         |         |         
              services..............................|    0.10 |    0.10 |    0.10 |    0.08 |    0.09 
         Caring for and helping household members...|    0.56 |    0.52 |    0.52 |    0.60 |    0.55 
            Caring for and helping household        |         |         |         |         |         
              children..............................|    0.44 |    0.39 |    0.38 |    0.46 |    0.42 
         Caring for and helping non-household       |         |         |         |         |         
              members...............................|    0.24 |    0.31 |    0.31 |    0.29 |    0.29 
            Caring for and helping non-household    |         |         |         |         |         
              adults................................|    0.09 |    0.12 |    0.11 |    0.10 |    0.11 
         Working and work-related activities........|    3.59 |    3.83 |    3.75 |    3.57 |    3.69 
           Working..................................|    3.24 |    3.45 |    3.39 |    3.22 |    3.32 
         Educational activities.....................|    0.56 |    0.43 |    0.32 |    0.59 |    0.47 
            Attending class.........................|    0.35 |    0.26 |    0.18 |    0.37 |    0.29 
            Homework and research...................|    0.15 |    0.12 |    0.10 |    0.17 |    0.14 
         Organizational, civic, and religious       |         |         |         |         |         
          activities................................|    0.30 |    0.31 |    0.33 |    0.33 |    0.32 
            Religious and spiritual activities......|    0.14 |    0.13 |    0.15 |    0.14 |    0.14 
            Volunteering (organizational and civic  |         |         |         |         |         
              activities)...........................|    0.12 |    0.14 |    0.13 |    0.15 |    0.14 
         Leisure and sports.........................|    5.26 |    4.98 |    5.12 |    5.08 |    5.11 
            Socializing and communicating...........|    0.71 |    0.83 |    0.85 |    0.73 |    0.78 
            Watching television.....................|    2.85 |    2.39 |    2.40 |    2.63 |    2.57 
            Participating in sports, exercise, and  |         |         |         |         |         
              recreation............................|    0.26 |    0.29 |    0.37 |    0.26 |    0.30 
         Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail..........|    0.20 |    0.17 |    0.19 |    0.19 |    0.19 
         Other activities, not elsewhere            |         |         |         |         |         
          classified................................|    0.26 |    0.18 |    0.19 |    0.13 |    0.19 
       _______________________________________________________________________________________________                                                    |         |         |         |         |         

         1 Primary activities are those respondents identify as their main activity.  Other activities
       done simultaneously are not included.
         2 All major activity categories include related travel time.  See Technical Note for activity
       category definitions.
         NOTE:  Data refer to respondents 15 years and over.