Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Ronald S. Reese
      Publication_Date: 2002
      Title:
        A retrospective and critical review of aquifer and storage (ASR)
        sites and conceptual framework of the Upper Floridian aquifer in
        south Florida
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report
      Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/review_asr/
  Description:
    Abstract:
      The objectives of this study are to: (1) inventory and assess the
      strengths and weaknesses of available hydrogeologic, hydraulic,
      hydrochemical, well construction, and cycle test information at
      existing ASR sites, (2) conduct a critical review of the hydrogeology
      on a site-by-site basis and relate to existing regional hydrogeology
      frameworks, allowing for the delineation of hydrogeologic factors that
      may be important to recovery efficiency, (3) identify hydrogeologic,
      design, and management factors which locally or regionally constrain
      the efficient storage and recovery of fresh water within the Upper
      Floridan aquifer, and (4) conduct a comparative analysis of the
      performance of all ASR sites having adequate data.

      This five-year study is divided into two phases, the first of which
      was two years long. The first phase laid the groundwork for data
      inventory, review, and analysis, and the second phase will allow for
      collection of additional data as it becomes available, expand the
      hydrogeologic framework, and perform a more complete comparative
      analysis of ASR sites.  The study is in the second phase.
    Purpose:
      Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) has been described as 'the storage
      of water in a suitable aquifer through a well during times when water
      is available, and recovery of the water from the same well during
      times when it is needed'.  Water can be stored in aquifers with poor
      water quality.  ASR in south Florida is proposed in the Comprehensive
      Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) as a cost-effective water-supply
      alternative that can help meet needs of agricultural, municipal, and
      recreational users while providing the water critical for Everglades
      ecosystem restoration.  In CERP, plans have been made to utilize ASR
      in the Floridan aquifer system on an unprecedented scale.

      Precedence for ASR in southern Florida has been set with wells having
      been constructed at over 30 sites, mostly by local municipalities or
      counties in coastal areas.  The Upper Floridan aquifer, the aquifer
      used at most of these sites, is brackish to saline in south Florida,
      which can have a large impact on the recovery of the fresh or potable
      water recharged and stored. Few regional investigations of the
      Floridan aquifer system hydrogeology in south Florida have been
      conducted, and the focus of those studies was not on ASR.  Lacking a
      regional ASR framework to aid the decision-making process, ASR well
      sites in south Florida have been primarily located based on factors
      such as land availability, source-water quality, and source-water
      proximity (preexisting surface-water bodies, surficial aquifer system
      well fields, or water treatment plants).  Little effort has been made
      to link information collected from each site as part of a regional
      hydrogeologic analysis.

      Results of this study should help the managers of the CERP program in
      locating, designing, constructing, and cycle testing ASR wells.  These
      results should help establish a standard cycle testing protocol that
      can be used to measure the performance of individual CERP wells or
      clusters of wells.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 19991001
        Ending_Date: 20040930
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status:
    Progress: In Work
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.55795
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -79.844074
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.586416
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.441918
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Theme_Keyword: ASR
      Theme_Keyword: hydrology
      Theme_Keyword: Aquifer Storage and Recovery
      Theme_Keyword: geology
      Theme_Keyword: mapping
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:
        Geographic Data - Metadata, ISO 19115:2003(E), TopicCategoryCode,
        2003, International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva,
        Switzerland
      Theme_Keyword: environment
      Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters
      Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
      Theme_Keyword: 007
      Theme_Keyword: 008
      Theme_Keyword: 012
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:
        Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, Dependencies, Areas of
        Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions, 
        Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 10-4, Washington,
        D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology
      Place_Keyword: United States
      Place_Keyword: US
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:
        U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the identification of
        the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of the
        United States, and associated areas (Federal Information Processing
        Standard 5-2): Washington, D. C., NIST
      Place_Keyword: Florida
      Place_Keyword: FL
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:
        Department of Commerce, 1990, Counties and Equivalent Entities of
        the United States, Its Possessions, and Associated Areas, FIPS 6-3,
        Washington, DC, National Institute of Standards and Technology
      Place_Keyword: Broward County
      Place_Keyword: Collier County
      Place_Keyword: Charlotte County
      Place_Keyword: Indian River  County
      Place_Keyword: Okeechobee County
      Place_Keyword: Highlands County
      Place_Keyword: Hardee County
      Place_Keyword: Manatee County
      Place_Keyword: Sarasota County
      Place_Keyword: DeSoto County
      Place_Keyword: St. Lucie County
      Place_Keyword: Martin County
      Place_Keyword: Glades County
      Place_Keyword: Lee County
      Place_Keyword: Hendry county
      Place_Keyword: Palm Beach County
      Place_Keyword: Miami-Dade County
      Place_Keyword: Monroe County
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Place_Keyword: Central Everglades
      Place_Keyword: Greater Lake Okeechobee
      Place_Keyword: SW Big Cypress
      Place_Keyword: South East Coast
      Place_Keyword: Kissimmee River
      Place_Keyword: Florida Keys
    Stratum:
      Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Stratum_Keyword: Upper Floridan aquifer
  Access_Constraints: none
  Use_Constraints:
    None but acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Surey in products
    derived from these data would be appreciated
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Ronald Reese
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 3110 SW 9th Avenue
        City: Ft. Lauderdale
        State_or_Province: FL
        Postal_Code: 33315
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 954 577-5921
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rsreese@usgs.gov
  Data_Set_Credit:
    Project personnel include Michelle Edwards, Michael Zygnerski, Mike
    Deacon, and Kim Swidarsky.
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator:
        Reese, Ronald S.

        Cunningham, Kevin J.
      Publication_Date: 2000
      Title: Hydrogeology of the Gray Limestone Aquifer in Southern Florida
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: USGS Water Resources Investigations Report
        Issue_Identification: 99-4213
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Tallahassee, FL
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Other_Citation_Details:
        Prepared in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management
        District
      Online_Linkage: http://fl.water.usgs.gov/Abstracts/wri99_4213_reese.html
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Reese, Ronald S.
      Publication_Date: 1994
      Title:
        Hydrogeology and the Distribution and Origin of Salinity in the
        Floridian Aquifer System, Southeastern Florida
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report
        Issue_Identification: WRIR 94-4010
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Tallahassee, FL
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/wri/94-4010/
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator:
        Reese, R. S.

        Memberg, S. J.
      Publication_Date: 1999
      Title:
        Hydrogeology and the distribution of salinity in the Floridian
        aquifer system, Palm Beach County, Florida
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report
        Issue_Identification: WRIR 99-4061
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Tallahassee, FL
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Online_Linkage: http://fl.water.usgs.gov/Abstracts/wri99_4061_reese.html
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Reese, R. S.
      Publication_Date: 1998
      Title:
        Hydrogeology and the Distribution of Salinity in the Floridian
        Aquifer System, Southwestern Florida
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report
        Issue_Identification: WRIR 98-4253
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Tallahassee, FL
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Online_Linkage: http://fl.water.usgs.gov/Abstracts/wri98_4253_reese.html
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Reese, Ronald S.
      Publication_Date: 2002
      Title:
        Inventory and Review of Aquifer Storage and Recovery in Southern
        Florida
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report
        Issue_Identification: WRIR 02-4036
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Tallahassee, FL
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/wri/02-4036/
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator:
        Reese, R. S.

        Alvarez-Zarikian, C. A.
      Publication_Date: 2007
      Title:
        Hydrogeology and Aquifer Storage and Recovery Performance in the
        Upper Floridan Aquifer, Southern Florida
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: USGS Scientific Investigations Report
        Issue_Identification: 2006-5239
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Reston, VA
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5239/
Data_Quality_Information:
  Logical_Consistency_Report: not applicable
  Completeness_Report: not available
  Lineage:
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        An inventory of all ASR sites in southern Florida was made,
        including their target interval formation, type of source water
        being used, and current status.

        An inventory of data available at all ASR sites, including site
        identification, location, construction data, geophysical log data,
        aquifer test data, core data, and water-quality data, is nearly
        complete.

        Several GIS map illustrations have been completed.  One shows where
        ASR wells and facilities have been constructed or are planned in
        South Florida.  Others show key parameters for the purpose of
        comparison of ASR facilities, such as the thickness and diameter of
        the constructed open borehole.

        Collection and compilation of cycle testing data from published
        reports, consulting reports, and monthly operationing reports was
        begun.  Recovery efficiencies for most of the sites have been
        determined; however, at many of the sites only 2 or 3 cycles have
        been conducted and the recovery efficiency determined thus far could
        be unreliable.

        Hydrogeologic tops in the Floridan aquifer system from three reports
        by Reese and others on the aquifer system were collated into one
        table for the purpose of constructing maps covering most of southern
        Florida.

        Some ASR sites having performance problems or potential for problems
        have been identified.  Knowledge of the factors contributing to
        these problems can assist municipalites and regulators in
        determining optimal site selection or contruction methods or both
        for future ASR sites.
      Process_Date: 2000
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Ronald Reese
            Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing and physical address
            Address: 3110 SW 9th Avenue
            City: Ft. Lauderdale
            State_or_Province: FL
            Postal_Code: 33315
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 954 577-5921
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rsreese@usgs.gov
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        The Restudy of the Central and South Florida Project plans to
        utilize approximately 300 ASR wells in southern Florida.  ASR
        technology has been tested and implemented in some areas of south
        Florida; ASR wells have been constructed at 24 sites in an area that
        extends southward from Charlotte, DeSoto, Glades, Okeechobee, and
        St. Lucie Counties, and wells are planned or are in the permitting
        process at five additional sites.  A pilot ASR facility is being
        constructed by South Florida Water Management District on the
        Hillsboro Canal in southeastern Palm Beach County.  Three ASR
        facilities are operational.
      Process_Date: 2001
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        Water-Resources Investigations Report WRIR 02-4036 was published. 
        The report contains sections on factors affecting the recovery of
        freshwater, the hydrogeology of the Upper Floridian aquifer,
        inventory of well and test data, and case studies of four selected
        ASR sites.
      Process_Date: 2002
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        Work planned for FY 2003 includes:

        Data collection and inventory which involves visiting ASR facilities
        and water treatment plants, obtaining monthly operating reports and
        daily operational data, and obtaining well completion and cycle
        testing reports from consulting firms.  The data will be inventoried
        using spreadsheets.

        The hydrologic framework data developed in previous studies will be
        reivsed and expanded using ASR well and other recently drilled
        wells.  Hydrogeologic tops will be determined and maps showing the
        tops of the Upper Floridian aquifer, thickness of important units,
        and the distribution of transmissivity of the aquifer or zones
        within the aquifer (storage zones) will be developed.

        Available cycle testing data (rates, volumes, storage periods, and
        salinity of recovered water) will be evaluated.  Recovery
        efficiencies (on a per cycle basis and on a cumulative basis)  will
        be determined by two different methods and plots constructed. 
        Comparative analyses of all ASR sites with adequate data will be
        conducted.  Recovery efficiencies will be related to hydrogeologic
        and design/management factors including any operational problems
        that are occurring at a site.

        Reports and illustrations will be prepared.
      Process_Date: Not complete
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        Work planned for FY 2004 includes:

        1. Data Collection and Inventory Continue to visit ASR facilities
        and water treatment plants, obtain monthly operating reports and
        daily operational data, and obtain well completion and cycle testing
        reports from consulting firms. Inventory data using spreadsheets. 
        Input well location and construction data into the GWSI module of
        NWIS.

        2. Hydrogeologic delineation Geologic and hydrogeologic tops, flow
        zones, ambient salinity, and hydraulic properties will be determined
        at each site using geophysical logs, lithology, pump test, and other
        data.  These interpretations and results will be related to the
        regional  hydrogeologic framework of the Upper Floridan aquifer
        developed in previous or concurrent studies, including the regional
        structural and stratigraphic setting and distribution of salinity
        and permeability.  During phase 1 of this project cycle test data
        from several sites suggested that salinity, transmissivity, and
        geologic structure can affect the efficient recovery of recharged
        feshwater, and salinity and transmissivity in the Upper Floridan
        aquifer are related to structure and stratigraphy.

        3. Evaluation Determine recovery efficiencies by two different
        methods (on a per cycle basis and on a cumulative basis) and
        construct plots showing volumes recharged and recovered with time
        and the variation of salinity during recovery for each cycle. 
        Relate recovery efficiencies to hydrogeologic, design, and
        management factors from 1 and 2 above, including any operational
        problems that are occurring at a site.  Conduct a comparative
        analysis of all ASR sites having adequate data using the factors
        determined to be most important.  Determine the trend of recovery
        efficiency with cumulative water recharged at each site, and relate
        these trends for all sites.
      Process_Date: 2004
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Ronald Reese
            Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing and physical address
            Address: 3110 SW 9th Avenue
            City: Ft. Lauderdale
            State_or_Province: FL
            Postal_Code: 33315
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 954 577-5921
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rsreese@usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Upper Floridian aquifer
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Ronald Reese
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 3110 SW 9th Avenue
        City: Ft. Lauderdale
        State_or_Province: FL
        Postal_Code: 33315
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 954 577-5921
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rsreese@usgs.gov
  Resource_Description: ASR review reports
  Distribution_Liability: There are no warranties implied or explicit for the data.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Non-digital_Form:
      Contact the Principal Investigator for more information on data from
      the project.
    Fees: none
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Heather S.Henkel
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 600 Fourth St. South
        City: St. Petersburg
        State_or_Province: FL
        Postal_Code: 33701
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3028
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: hhenkel@usgs.gov
  Resource_Description: ASR project hydraulic well-test data
  Distribution_Liability:
    No responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of
    these data.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: table
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/wri/02-4036/table3.html
          Access_Instructions:
            The data are included in WRIR 02-4036 and may be downloaded from
            the SOFIA web site.
    Fees: none
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Heather S.Henkel
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 600 Fourth St. South
        City: St. Petersburg
        State_or_Province: FL
        Postal_Code: 33701
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3028
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: hhenkel@usgs.gov
  Resource_Description: ASR project cycle test data
  Distribution_Liability:
    No responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of
    these data.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: table
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/wri/02-4036/table5.html
          Access_Instructions:
            The data are included in WRIR 02-4036 and may be downloaded from
            the SOFIA web site.
    Fees: none
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Heather S.Henkel
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 600 Fourth St. South
        City: St. Petersburg
        State_or_Province: FL
        Postal_Code: 33701
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3028
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: hhenkel@usgs.gov
  Resource_Description: ASR project ambient water quality
  Distribution_Liability:
    No responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of
    these data.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: table
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/wri/02-4036/table4.html
          Access_Instructions:
            The data are contained in WRIR 02-4036 and may be downloaded
            form the SOFIA web site.
    Fees: none
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20080514
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Heather Henkel
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 600 Fourth Street South
        City: St. Petersburg
        State_or_Province: FL
        Postal_Code: 33701
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3028
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sofia-metadata@usgs.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998