Metadata:
  Identification_Information:
 
    Citation:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Jo Leslie Eimers
        Originator: Silvia Terziotti
        Originator: Mary Giorgino
        Publication_Date: 2001
        Title: Estimated Depth to Water, North Carolina
        Edition: Version 1.0, March 06, 2001
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report
          Issue_Identification: USGS OFR 01-487
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC
          Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
        Online_Linkage: http://nc.water.usgs.gov/reports/ofr01487/index.html
 
    Description:
 
      Abstract:

        An estimated depth-to-water map was generated for the State of North 
        Carolina. For the Coastal Plain and Piedmont Provinces, a regression 
        equation was used to estimate the depth to water. A conceptual model 
        was used in conjunction with water-level data to estimate the depth 
        to water in the Blue Ridge Province.
 
      Purpose:
 
        This data set was created as part of the North Carolina Source Water
        Assessment Program (SWAP). This data is used in the calculation of 
        vertical hydraulic conductance ratings, one of the factors needed to 
        complete the unsaturated zone rating of public water supplies in North 
        Carolina.

      Supplemental_Information:
 
        A depth-to-water map was generated for the State of North Carolina.
        For the Coastal Plain and Piedmont Provinces, a regression equation
        was developed to estimate depth to water based on water-level records 
        for 872 wells. The explanatory variables are surface elevation, in 
        feet (elev); slope, in percent (slope); and soil thickness, in feet 
        (thickness):
        >
        >  dtw = -5.3870 + 0.0622*elev + 0.2959*slope + 1.7001*thickness
        >
        >where dtw is depth to water, in feet below land surface
        >
        A conceptual model was used to estimate depth to water in the
        Blue Ridge Province.  The Blue Ridge Province was divided into four 
        categories reflecting topographic settings-- hilltops, slopes 
        greater than 10% where water accumulates, slopes greater than 10% 
        where water does not accumulate, and valleys.

        Using records for 393 wells, the following median water levels were 
        assigned to topographic settings in the Blue Ridge Province:

        >      Topographic setting                 Depth to water (feet)
        >     ------------------------
        >     Hilltops               H                    36.0
        >     Slopes without flow    U                    28.0
        >       accumulation
        >     Slopes with flow       D                    25.5
        >       accumulation
        >     Valleys                V                    15.0
        > 
        Further information about the methods used to create the depth- 
        to-water map are available in Eimers and others (2001).
 
        Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes
        only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
 
        Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata
        file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form
        as well as in ARC/INFO format, the metadata file may include some
        ARC/INFO-specific terminology.
 
    Time_Period_of_Content:
      Time_Period_Information:
        Single_Date/Time:
          Calendar_Date: 2001
      Currentness_Reference: 1960 - 2000 water levels
 
    Status:
      Progress: Complete
      Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None Planned
 
    Spatial_Domain:
      Bounding_Coordinates:
        West_Bounding_Coordinate: -84.42217283
        East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.35577664
        North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.5631918
        South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.64180848
 
    Keywords:
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
        Theme_Keyword: Depth to water
        Theme_Keyword: Water level
      Place:
        Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
        Place_Keyword: North Carolina
        Place_Keyword: Blue Ridge province
        Place_Keyword: Piedmont province
        Place_Keyword: Coastal Plain province
 
    Access_Constraints:
      none
 
    Use_Constraints:
      These data are not to be used for site-specific analysis
 
    Point_of_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Person_Primary:
          Contact_Person: Silvia Terziotti
          Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
        Contact_Position: Computer Specialist
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing address
          Address: 3916 Sunset Ridge Road
          City: Raleigh
          State_or_Province: NC
          Postal_Code: 27607
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: (919) 571-4000
        Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (919) 571-4041
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: (seterzio@usgs.gov)
 
    Data_Set_Credit:
      The authors are grateful to colleagues in the Public Water Supply 
      Section of the Division of Environmental Health, North Carolina
      Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) for their 
      assistance in this collaborative project. The authors thank Robert 
      Midgette, Protection and Enforcement Branch Head; Elizabeth Morey, 
      Hydrogeologist; Gale Johnson, Hydrogeologist; and 
      Rajpreet Butalia, Geographic Information Systems Specialist.
 
      The authors also thank the USGS report review team for their review of 
      the metadata products: Stephen J. Char, Jason M. Fine, Michael L. 
      Strobel, Douglas A. Harned and Rebecca J. Deckard. 

    Native_Data_Set_Environment:
      Windows_NT, 5.0, Intel
      ARC/INFO version 8.0.2
 
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Silvia Terziotti and Jo Leslie Eimers
        Publication_Date: 2001
        Title: Watershed Characteristics Rating for North Carolina
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report
          Issue_Identification: USGS OFR 01-490
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC
          Publisher: USGS
        Online_Linkage: http://nc.water.usgs.gov/reports/ofr01490/index.html

    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Silvia Terziotti and Jo Leslie Eimers
        Publication_Date: 2001
        Title: Unsaturated Zone Characteristics Rating for North Carolina
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report
          Issue_Identification: USGS OFR 01-489
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC
          Publisher: USGS
        Online_Linkage: http://nc.water.usgs.gov/reports/ofr01489/index.html

    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Silvia Terziotti and Jo Leslie Eimers
        Publication_Date: 2001
        Title: Land-Use Classes to Characterize Watersheds and the
          Unsaturated Zone in North Carolina 
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report
          Issue_Identification: USGS OFR 01-493
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC
          Publisher: USGS
        Online_Linkage: http://nc.water.usgs.gov/reports/ofr01493/index.html

    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Silvia Terziotti and Jo Leslie Eimers
        Publication_Date: 2001
        Title: Land-Cover Classes to Characterize the Unsaturated Zone 
          in North Carolina
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report
          Issue_Identification: USGS OFR 01-491
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC
          Publisher: USGS
        Online_Linkage: http://nc.water.usgs.gov/reports/ofr01491/index.html

    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Silvia Terziotti and Jo Leslie Eimers
        Publication_Date: 2001
        Title: Percent-Slope Classes to Characterize the Unsaturated Zone
          in North Carolina
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report
          Issue_Identification: USGS OFR 01-495
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC
          Publisher: USGS
        Online_Linkage: http://nc.water.usgs.gov/reports/ofr01495/index.html

    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Jo Leslie Eimers, Silvia Terziotti and Gloria Ferrell
        Publication_Date: 2001
        Title: Vertical Series Hydraulic Conductance Classes to Characterize 
          the Unsaturated Zone in North Carolina 
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report
          Issue_Identification: USGS OFR 01-486
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC
          Publisher: USGS
        Online_Linkage: http://nc.water.usgs.gov/reports/ofr01486/index.html

    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Jo Leslie Eimers, Silvia Terziotti and Mary Giorgino
        Publication_Date: 2001
        Title: Estimated Depth to Water, North Carolina
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report
          Issue_Identification: USGS OFR 01-487
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC
          Publisher: USGS
        Online_Linkage: http://nc.water.usgs.gov/reports/ofr01487/index.html

    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Silvia Terziotti and Jo Leslie Eimers
        Publication_Date: 2001
        Title: Land-Cover Classes to Characterize Watersheds in North Carolina
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report
          Issue_Identification: USGS OFR 01-492
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC
          Publisher: USGS
        Online_Linkage: http://nc.water.usgs.gov/reports/ofr01492/index.html

    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Silvia Terziotti and Jo Leslie Eimers
        Publication_Date: 2001
        Title: Average Annual Precipitation Classes to Characterize 
          Watersheds in North Carolina
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report
          Issue_Identification: USGS OFR 01-494
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC
          Publisher: USGS
        Online_Linkage: http://nc.water.usgs.gov/reports/ofr01494/index.html

    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Silvia Terziotti and Jo Leslie Eimers
        Publication_Date: 2001
        Title:  Percent-Slope Classes to Characterize Watersheds
          in North Carolina
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report
          Issue_Identification: USGS OFR 01-496
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC
          Publisher: USGS
        Online_Linkage: http://nc.water.usgs.gov/reports/ofr01496/index.html

    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Silvia Terziotti and Jo Leslie Eimers
        Publication_Date: 2001
        Title: Ground-Water Contribution Classes to Characterize Watersheds
           in North Carolina
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: USGS Open-File Report
          Issue_Identification: USGS OFR 01-488
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC
          Publisher: USGS
        Online_Linkage: http://nc.water.usgs.gov/reports/ofr01488/index.html

  Data_Quality_Information:
    Attribute_Accuracy:
      Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
        The depth to water values were checked against the source water level data.
        Ranges of depths match values published in related literature on depth to
        water. 
 
    Logical_Consistency_Report:
      Not applicable for raster data.
 
    Completeness_Report:
      Blue Ridge Province values reflect median depth-to-water values by 
      topographic setting.

    Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
        Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
          Visual checks of interpolated values against original source data.
 
    Lineage:
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: USGS
            Publication_Date: 2001
            Title: Ground Water Site Inventory Database
        Type_of_Source_Media: online
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Single_Date/Time:
              Calendar_Date: 2001
          Source_Currentness_Reference: data ranges from 1950 to present
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: none
        Source_Contribution: fields for water level, well depth, topograhic 
                             setting, location

      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Eimers, Jo Leslie
            Originator: Giorgino, M. J.
            Originator: Terziotti, Silvia
            Title: Estimated Depth to Ground Water in North Carolina
            Publication_Date: 2001
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs
              Issue_Identification: 50th Annual Meeting, Southeastern Section, 
                                    April 5-6, 2001, Raleigh, North Carolina,
                                    v. 33, no. 2, p. A-62.
            Online_Linkage: not currently online
            Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: none
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Single_Date/Time:
              Calendar_Date: 2001
          Source_Currentness_Reference: data ranges from 1960's to present
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Eimers and others (2001)
        Source_Contribution: explanation of depth-to-water estimation

      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Eimers, Jo Leslie
            Originator: Weaver, J. C.
            Originator: Terziotti, Silvia
            Originator: Midgette, R. W.
            Title: Methods of rating unsaturated zone and watershed 
                  characteristics of public water supplies in North Carolina
            Publication_Date: 2000
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: U. S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations
              Issue_Identification: WRIR 99-4283
        Type_of_Source_Media: paper
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content: 
          Time_Period_Information: 
            Single_Date/Time: 
              Calendar_Date: 2000
          Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Eimers and others (2000)
        Source_Contribution: methods for applying ratings
      
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Data was downloaded from the USGS Ground water site inventory database
          to reflect water levels within the surficial aquifer of North Carolina
        Process_Date: 2000

      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Data was collected from DENR regional offices for Piedmont and Blue Ridge
          Provinces to supplement water-level data collected by USGS
        Process_Date: 2000

      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Well data were digitized, to get accurate locations.
        Process_Date: 2000

      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Overlay analysis in GRID was used to assign values to each well for 
          soil thickness, soil permeability, elevation, percent slope, geology,
          distance to nearest stream and average annual precipitation.
        Process_Date: 2000
 
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Linear regression was performed on the data, by physiographic province,
          to identify explanatory variables and derive an equation for estimating 
          depth to water.
        Process_Date: 2000
 
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          The equation derived for the Coastal Plain and Piedmont was applied
          to the data:
          dtw_ft = -5.3870 + (.0622 * h:\ned2\elev_30m) + (.2959 * h:\ned2\slope_30m) 
                     + (1.7001 * z:\soils\thk_ftx100 / 100)
        Process_Date: 2001

      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Water bodies were assigned a depth-to-water value of 0.
        Process_Date: 2001
 
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Topographic settings were defined for Blue Ridge province
          (note that comments are not permitted in con statements in GRID,
          they are inserted here to explain the condition definitions):

          topo_5cat = con ( ~
          /***** ridges
          ridge_grd ne 0 && h:\ned2\slope_30m gt 10, 2, ~ /* hilltop
          ridge_grd ne 0 && h:\ned2\slope_30m le 10, 1, ~ /* flat
          /***** flowacc = 0, but not real ridge
          blue_toposet == 1 && ridge_grd == 0 && h:\ned2\slope_30m gt 10, 3, ~ /* upslope
          blue_toposet == 1 && ridge_grd == 0 && h:\ned2\slope_30m le 10, 4, ~ /* valley
          /***** flowacc > 0 < 25 - upland slopes
          blue_toposet == 2 && h:\ned2\slope_30m le 10, 4, ~ /* valley
          blue_toposet == 2 && h:\ned2\slope_30m gt 10, 3, ~ /* upslope
          /***** flowacc > 25 < 200 - lower slopes
          blue_toposet == 3 && h:\ned2\slope_30m le 10 , 4, ~ /* valley
          blue_toposet == 3 && h:\ned2\slope_30m gt 10 , 5, ~ /* downslope
          /***** flowacc > 200
          blue_toposet == 4, 4) /* valley
          /* move the flats to valleys...
          BLUE_TOPO = con (topo_5cat == 1, 4, topo_5cat)
        Process_Date: 2001

      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Create the median depth-to-water grid times 100; 0.005 added to 
          ensure proper rounding:
          Additem to blue_topo, and calculate item equal to mean depth to 
          water, by topographic setting.
          Create a new grid that has the depth to water values in it, calculate 
          values times 100 to create an integer grid.
          Merge the lakes to create depths of zero at lakes.
          DTW_BLUE = blue_topo.dtw
          DTWBLUEFTX100  = int(merge (h:\depth_to_water\cp_pied\lake_grd, 
                        (dtw_blue + .005) * 100 )))
        Process_Date: 2001
 
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Merge the Coastal Plain/Piedmont depth to water map with the Blue Ridge
          DTW_STATE = merge( ..\cp_pied\dtw3_ftx100, 
                           h:\blue_Ridge_toposet\dtwblueftx100)
        Process_Date: 2001

      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          First draft of metadata created by seterzio using
          FGDCMETA.AML ver. 1.33 07/15/99 on ARC/INFO data set
          h:\depth_to_water\state\dtw_state
        Process_Date: 20010306
 
  Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
    Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
    Raster_Object_Information:
      Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell
      Row_Count: 10576
      Column_Count: 27060
 
  Spatial_Reference_Information:
    Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Planar:
        Grid_Coordinate_System:
          Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: State Plane Coordinate System 1983
          State_Plane_Coordinate_System
            SPCS_Zone_Identifier: 4901
            Lambert_Conformal_Conic:
              Standard_Parallel: 34.333
              Standard_Parallel: 36.167
              Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: 79.000
              Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 33.750
              False_Easting: 2000000
              False_Northing: 0.000
        Planar_Coordinate_Information:
          Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
          Coordinate_Representation:
            Abscissa_Resolution: 30.0
            Ordinate_Resolution: 30.0
          Planar_Distance_Units: Meters
      Geodetic_Model:
        Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
        Ellipsoid_Name: GRS1980
        Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4
        Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98
 
  Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
    Overview_Description:
      Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
        >
        >Value Attribute Table, DTW_STATE.VAT:
        >
        >COLUMN   ITEM NAME        WIDTH OUTPUT  TYPE N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
        >    1  VALUE                  4    10     B      -
        >    5  COUNT                  4    10     B      -
        >
        VALUE is the rating: valid values are integers -99 to 13562, inclusive
        Other than -99 (which reflects waterbodies), the values should be divided
        by 100 to arrive at actual depth to water values. (Range is 0 to 135.62 feet).
        COUNT is the number of 30-meter by 30-meter cells in the entire data
        set that have the particular value
        >
        >Summary Statistics Table, DTW_STATE.STA:
        >
        >COLUMN   ITEM NAME        WIDTH OUTPUT  TYPE N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
        >    1  MIN                    8    15     F      3
        >    9  MAX                    8    15     F      3
        >   17  MEAN                   8    15     F      3
        >   25  STDV                   8    15     F      3
        >
        Min is the minimum value (-99)
        Max is the maximum value (13562)
        Mean is the average value
        STDV is the standard deviation 
        >    MIN             MAX            MEAN            STDV
        >-99.000       13562.000        1361.931        1056.346
      Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none
 
  Distribution_Information:
    Distributor:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
        Contact_Position: Water Webserver Team
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing and physical address
          Address: 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 440
          City: Reston
          State_or_Province: VA
          Postal_Code: 20192
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: (800) 426-9000
        Contact_Instructions: Contact via email
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: h2oteam@usgs.gov
 
    Distribution_Liability:
 
      Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey,
      U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied
      is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the
      data.
 
      The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty,
      and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in
      the use of this data, software, or related materials.
 
  Metadata_Reference_Information:
    Metadata_Date: 20010209
    Metadata_Review_Date: 2001
    Metadata_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
          Contact_Person: North Carolina District Chief
        Contact_Position: District Chief
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing and physical address
          Address: 3916 Sunset Ridge Road
          City: Raleigh
          State_or_Province: NC
          Postal_Code: 27607
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: (919) 571-4000
        Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (919) 571-4041
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dc_nc@usgs.gov
    Metadata_Standard_Name:
      FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata 
      ("CSDGM version 2")
    Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
    Metadata_Access_Constraints: none
    Metadata_Use_Constraints: none