Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Miles Anderson, Analytical Laboratories of Hawaii
      Publication_Date: 2004
      Title: Benthic Habitats of Rose Atoll 2001-2003, Derived from IKONOS Imagery
      Edition: version 1.1
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Kailua, Hawaii
        Publisher: Analytical Laboratories of Hawaii
      Online_Linkage: http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/ecosystems/coralreef/us_pac_mapping.html#products
      Larger_Work_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment (CCMA), Biogeography Program
          Publication_Date: 2004
          Title: Benthic Habitats of American Samoa Prepared by Visual Interpretation from Remote Sensing Imagery
          Edition: version 1.1
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Silver Spring, MD
            Publisher: NOAA's Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS)
  Description:
    Abstract: This project is a cooperative effort between the National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, the University of Hawaii, BAE Systems Spectral Solutions and Analytical Laboratories of Hawaii, LLC. The goal of the work was to map the coral reef habitats of American Samoa, Guam and the Common Wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands by visual interpretation and manual delineation of IKONOS satellite imagery.
      A two tiered habitat classification system was tested and implemented in this work.  It integrates geomorphologic reef structure and biological cover into a single scheme and subsets each into detail.  It also includes thirteen zones.  Benthic features were mapped that covered an area of 71.5 square kilometers of which 10.56 were unconsolidated sediment and 60.94 were coral reef and hard bottom.  Of the coral reef and hard bottom class, 62.8% is colonized by greater than 10% coral cover.
    Purpose: The National Ocean Service is conducting a map production effort to digitally map biotic resources and coordinate a long-term monitoring program that can detect and predict change in U.S. coral reefs, and their associated habitats and biological communities.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 2001
        Ending_Date: 2003
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -168.208
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -168.083
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: -14.475
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: -14.600
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
      Theme_Keyword: Map Images > Habitats
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Coralline Algae
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Habitats
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Coastal Habitat
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: coral reef
      Theme_Keyword: coralline algae
      Theme_Keyword: habitat
      Theme_Keyword: reef
      Theme_Keyword: submerged aquatic vegetation
      Theme_Keyword: unconsolidated sediments
      Theme_Keyword: zone
      Theme_Keyword: structure
      Theme_Keyword: cover
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
      Theme_Keyword: 010
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > Rose Atoll (14S168W0001)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Rose Atoll (14S168W0001)
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: United States
      Place_Keyword: American Samoa
      Place_Keyword: Rose Atoll
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: Not for navigation
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment (CCMA), Biogeography Program
      Contact_Position: Biogeography Team Leader, Mapping Manager
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 1305 East West Highway
        City: Silver Spring
        State_or_Province: MD
        Postal_Code: 20910
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-3028
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-4388
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: steve.rohmann@noaa.gov
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.0.0.535
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: A statistically robust field data set was collected to assess the thematic accuracy of the map products.  A random stratified sampling method was implemented to select field sites to conduct this test.   Each site was navigated to using a Trimble Geo Explorer 3 GPS data logger, and positional data was acquired.  A total of 613 GPS waypoints were occupied and benthic characterizations conducted for the purpose of accuracy assessment.
      A statistical analysis that generated a Tau statistic was preformed.  The Tau statistic for the major classes exceeded 0.85 and for detailed classes exceeded 0.75.  Overall thematic accuracy was established as 98.0% and 87.6 for the major structure and cover classes and 84.0% and 75.5% for the detailed classes respectively.
  Logical_Consistency_Report: All mapping was conducted from orthorectified IKONOS satellite imagery provided by NOS prior to map production.  IKONOS satellite imagery was corrected for atmospheric and water column effects, color balanced, pan sharpened and deglinted.  During the digitizing process, image stretches and manipulating image contrast, brightness and color balance were performed in the ArcView Image Analysis Extension to enhance features in the processed imagery.
    GIS topologic quality was established by executing ArcView extension routines that check for: overlapping polygons, multipart polygons, sliver polygons and void polygons.  Additionally checks for adjacent polygons with the same habitat attributes were completed.  All errors were identified and corrected.  This file is believed to be logically consistent.
  Completeness_Report: NOAA supplied georeferenced imagery to Analytical Laboratories of Hawaii through BAE Systems Spectral Solutions.  Delineation of all habitat boundaries was conducted with the image scale at 1:6,000.  This ensures that the level of detail produced by the photo interpreter is uniform throughout the project.  Also, NOAA has shown from similar mapping efforts in the Caribbean and Florida Keys, that little additional information is gained from having the image at a smaller scale and the labor intensity increased significantly.
    The minimum mapping unit (MMU) for identifying habitats or features was 1 acre.  The software utilized in this project was designed to alert the photo interpreter each time a polygon was drawn smaller than the MMU.  When this occurred the photo interpreter has the choice whether to include the polygon in the data set.  Only in areas where local coral reef managers expressed interest in specific map classes or in Marine Protected Areas were polygons of smaller then the MMU allowed.
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: RMS from digitized output was determined using the ESRI RMEer2 extension and shown to be  less than  1m when conducted at 1:6000 scale.
  Lineage:
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: M.S. Coyne
          Publication_Date: 2003
          Title: Classification Scheme for Benthic Habitats of the Pacific
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Silver Spring, MD
            Publisher: NOAA's Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS)
          Online_Linkage: http://biogeo.nos.noaa.gov/projects/mapping/pacific/territories/classification/
      Type_of_Source_Media: Report
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 2003
        Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Classification Scheme for Benthic Habitats of the Pacific
      Source_Contribution: This document identified the zone, structure and biological cover types attributed in the data set
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Ken Buja
          Publication_Date: 2003
          Title: Coral Reef Digitizing Extension
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Silver Spring, MD
            Publisher: NOAA's Ocean Service (NOS), National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS)
          Online_Linkage: http://biogeo.nos.noaa.gov/products/apps/digitizer/
      Type_of_Source_Media: computer program
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 2003
        Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Habitat Digitizer
      Source_Contribution: This ArcView extension was used to digitize and attribute benthic zones, structure and biological cover of this map.
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Space Imaging Inc.
          Publication_Date: 2003
          Title: IKONOS Satellite Imagery
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Thornton, CO
            Publisher: Space Imaging Inc.
          Other_Citation_Details: This imagery was obtained at a 4 m pixel resolution, corrected for water column and atmospheric effects, deglinted and Pan sharpened.
          Online_Linkage: http://www.spaceimaging.com/
      Type_of_Source_Media: CD-ROM
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Range_of_Dates/Times:
            Beginning_Date: 2001
            Ending_Date: 2003
        Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: IKONOS imagery
      Source_Contribution: Used to identify and digitize benthic habitats for American Samoa.
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: IKONOS images used in this habitat product were observed in 2001 through 2003. Benthic habitat maps were digitized by delineating habitat boundaries from georeferenced orthorectified IKONOS satellite imagery loaded into ArcView 3.3 GIS software with the Image Analysis and NOAA Coral Reef Habitat Digitizing extensions both activated.   Digitizing was conducted using heads-up on computer screen methods with the minimum mapping unit (MMU) set to 1 acre and the image scale at 1:6,000.
        All IKONOS imagery was processed by NOS prior to map production.  The imagery was corrected for atmospheric and water column effects, pan sharpened and deglinted.  During the digitizing process, images were stretched and contrast, brightness and color balance were modified using the Arc View Image Analysis Extension to enhance features in the processed imagery.
        A first draft map was completed and features in the imagery where uncertainties existed, due to confusing or difficult to interpret signatures, were identified for future ground validation effort.  An ArcView GIS point theme was generated with points positioned on the features of uncertain habitat type or along transects though gradients between habitat types.  The GIS points were converted to GPS waypoints using Trimble Pathfinder Software and were navigated to in the field using a Trimble GeoExplorer 3 GPS data logger.
        A benthic habitat characterization was conducted at each site by snorkeling, free diving, or where water depth and clarity permitted, by observation from the surface .  GPS data were collected at each location and site ID, depth, habitat type, zone and the method used to make the assessment were recorded.  A second draft of the map was generated incorporating these ground validation data.
      Process_Date: 2004
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Dr. Miles Anderson
            Contact_Organization: Analytical Laboratories of Hawaii, LLC
          Contact_Position: Researcher
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing and physical
            Address: 1320 Aalapapa Dr.
            City: Kailua
            State_or_Province: HI
            Postal_Code: 96734
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808) 262-2417
          Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (808) 262-7027
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: miles@interpac.net
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
  Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-Polygon
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 1392
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Grid_Coordinate_System:
        Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
        Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
          UTM_Zone_Number: -2
          Transverse_Mercator:
            Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
            Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -171.000000
            Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
            False_Easting: 500000.000000
            False_Northing: 10000000.000000
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Coordinate Pair
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 0.001024
          Ordinate_Resolution: 0.001024
        Planar_Distance_Units: meters
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_North_American_1983_HARN
      Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: as_benthic_habitats_final
      Entity_Type_Definition: Shapefile attribute table
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: None
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: FID
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: ESRI
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Shape
      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: ID
      Attribute_Definition: Value copied from UNIQUID field and used to run adjacency script for QA/QC
      Attribute_Definition_Source: NOAA mapping QA/QC standard
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Codeset_Domain:
          Codeset_Name: Habitat description
          Codeset_Source: Habitat classification scheme for the Pacific
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: UNIQUEID
      Attribute_Definition: 4 digit numerical value representing a unique habitat combination of structure and cover attributes
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Habitat digitizing extension
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Codeset_Domain:
          Codeset_Name: Habitat description
          Codeset_Source: Habitat classification scheme for the Pacific
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: POLYGONID
      Attribute_Definition: Incremental value generated for QA/QC adjacency test
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ArcView script
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Incremental numeric field
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: AREA
      Attribute_Definition: Area of polygon
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ArcView script
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 10.31
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 162605543.23
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: NA
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PERIMETER
      Attribute_Definition: Perimeter of polygon
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ArcView script
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 13.84
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 165991.33
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: NA
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: ACRES
      Attribute_Definition: Area of polygon in acres
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ArcView script
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.003
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 40179.83
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: NA
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: ISLAND
      Attribute_Definition: Name of Island
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Manually assigned string
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Manually assigned character field
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: M_STRUCT
      Attribute_Definition: Major reef structure
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Habitat digitizing extension
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Assigned during digitizing character field
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: D_STRUCT
      Attribute_Definition: Detailed structure
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Habitat digitizing extension
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Assigned during digitizing character field
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: M_COVER
      Attribute_Definition: Major biological cover
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Habitat classification scheme
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Assigned during digitizing
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: P_COVER
      Attribute_Definition: Percent biological cover of major cover type
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Habitat classification scheme
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Assigned during digitizing character field
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: ZONE
      Attribute_Definition: Geomorphologic zone
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Habitat classification scheme
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Assigned during digitizing character field
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: COVER_TYPE
      Attribute_Definition: Concatenated field of major cover and percent cover used for legend fill
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ArcView script
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Character field
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment (CCMA), Biogeography Program
      Contact_Position: Biogeography Team Leader, Mapping Manager
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 1305 East West Highway
        City: Silver Spring
        State_or_Province: MD
        Postal_Code: 20910
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-3028
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-4388
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: steve.rohmann@noaa.gov
  Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
  Distribution_Liability: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) produced this data CD-ROM. NCCOS Biogeography Program does not guarantee the accuracy of the geographic features or attributes. Please see the metadata records for each data set for complete information on the source, limitations, and proper use.
    NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA can not assume liability for and damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: ArcView shapefile
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/us_pac_terr/htm/habitat.htm
    Fees: None
  Custom_Order_Process: Contact NOAA for distribution options (see Distributor).  All maps of American Samoa prepared during this tenure are incorporated into this metadata summary.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20080829
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment (CCMA), Biogeography Program
      Contact_Position: Biogeography Team Leader, Mapping Manager
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 1305 East West Highway
        City: Silver Spring
        State_or_Province: MD
        Postal_Code: 20910
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-3028
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-4388
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: steve.rohmann@noaa.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: Local Time
CoRIS:
  CoRIS_ID: 20050228020808
  CoRIS_Children: None
  CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 20010101
  CoRIS_Ending_Date: 20031231
  CoRIS_Metadata_Link: http://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/txt/habitat_rose_atoll_2003.txt
  CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 868