MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW.
INTRODUCTION.
This REVIEW contains a neneml summary of the ineteoro-
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.
[Expreesed it& inches aid hiindredthr.]
Descriptions of tlie stornia which occurred owr the nortl
Atlantic ocean during the month ,are also given, a n ~l t,heil
approximate paths shown on cha,rt i.
Under  Areds of low barometer are described eleven at.
mospheric depressions, this niiinber being one and eight-tenth$
less than the average for November during the last elereu
years. The average hourly iiiovemen t. of the clepressions for
November, 1884, is tliirt!y-five and t,wo-tenths miles, which
exceeds by five miles, the average hourly movement of the
Noveniber storm (luring the preceding eight gears. The
storms nuinI)ered iii. and ix. were the severest that occurred
during the month, and were accompanied by clangeroiis galea
during their passage.
The niontli was uniisually warm in the western parts of
the country; i t was slightly warmer than the werage on the
Atlantic coast., and slightly colder than the average in the la,ke
region, centrd Ohio \-alley and Gulf states.
The precipilxtion was below the average in nearly all tlis-
tricts, the deficiencies being greatest, in the northern and mid-
dle Pacific coast regions, aiid in the Ohio \-idley ilud Tenues-
see; it exceeded the average in Florida and the middle a,nd
southern slopes.
In t h e preparation of this BEVIEW tlie following clat,a,
received up to December SOtb, 1886, hare been used, riz. : the
regular tri-daily weather-charts, contnining data of simulta-
neous observations taken at one huuclrecl and twenty-nine
Signal Service stations and eighteen Canaclian stations, as
telegraphed to this office; one hundred and fifty-nine
monthly journals ; one liunclrecl and sisty-four monthly niea,us
from the former, and eighteen monthly means from the latter ;
two hundred and silty-sis moiit,lily registers from \-oluntary
observers ; forty-sir monthly registers from United Stat,es
Army post surgeons ; marine records ; international simulta-
neous observations ; marine reports, through the co-operetion
of the tL New York Herald Weather Service; abstmct.s of ships
logs, furnished by the publishers of ( The New York Maritime
Register ; monthly weather reports from tlie local weather ser-
vices of Alabama., Indiana., Iowa,, Louisiana,, Minuesote, Mis-
souri, Nebraska, Ohio, a d Tennessee, and of the Central
Pacific Railway Companj ; trustworthy newspaper extracts ;
and special reports.
inininia occupies the niidtlle plateen, the mean pressure at
Salt Lake City, Utah, being 30.35. The isobar for 30.2 includes nearly the whole of the Rocky niount.aiu regioii and extends
snutheastwercl to central Texas. The area of least pressure is shown over tlie Gulf of Saint Lawrence, the lowest barometric meaii, 29.9, being reported from Father Point, Province of
Quebec. As compared with the preceding month, an increase has oc- curred in all districts west of the Mississippi river; R slight increase has also occnrred in Mississippi, Alabama, Florida,,
and W-iscousin. If tt line were drawn connecting the stations where no climge has taken place, i t woidd extend from Mar- qnette, Michigitu, tlirongh Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Daven-
port, Iowa, to central Missouri, and thence southeastward throiigh Memphis, Nashville, and Knoxville, Tennemee, to the south Atlanticcoast betweeti Jacksonville and Sanford, Florida.
To the eastward of this line the barometric means have de- cremed, the departures being greatest (from .05 to .09) in the
Saint Litwrence valley, lower lake region, New England, and midclle At,lantic states, but are not SO marked as in the diR-
tricts where the pressure Iias increased. At Denver, Colorado, and Sa,lt Lake City, ZJtali, an increase of .97 has occurred, and between t,he one himtli-edth aid one hundred and seventeenth tueridians, except i n sonthern California, the increase is every- where above .lo, while along the Pacific coast i t va.ries from
.01 to .os. The departures from tlie normal pressure are eshibitecl on chart iv., from which it will be seen t.hat along the Pacific
coast aud over the eastern half of tlie conntry the lnean press- ure for Noveniber, 1884, is below the normal, while, over the extreme northwest, southern Texas, eastern Rocky mountain slope, and the western plateau districts i t is above the normal.
In the table of iniscellaueoiis meteorological data for Signal Service stations will be foitnd the departures for the Revera1
qtation s.
The mouthly barometric ranges were greatest in the upper la.ke region and northern New England; they were least over
the western portions of the country and the Florida peninsula. The extreme ranges are: least, .22 a,t Key West, Florida, and
.39 at Lo8 Angeles, California; greatest, 1.17 at Alpena, Michi- gan, and 1.20 and 1.34 at Portland and EaRtport, Maine,
respectively. In the table of miscellaneous meteorological
data are given the monthly ranges at varioii~ stations.
BAROMETRIC RANGES.
ARRAS OF HIGH BAROYETER.,
Five areas of high barometer passed over the districts east of the Rocky mouiitains, while the barometer remained de- cidedly ahore the uornial for the month over the plateau regions from the 1st to the 20th and during the latter part of
270 MONTHLY WEATHEH RCEVIEW. NOVEMBER, 1884.
__ - ..
i Firnt obnervrd. 1 Lnrt observed.
! i i Lat. N. Lung.\\'. Lnt. N. Loiig.W.
Areas of l o r Larunirtrr.
the month, the pressure declining in these regions during tlie 21st and Sad, when the secoud period of high pressure followed and remaiued until tlie close of tlie mouth, apparently reiu- forced by a high area from the north Pacific cwast. At tlie close of the month a well-defined area covered tlie ceutral plateau re- gion. Three of these areas first irppearetl north of Montana
and one paased eastward north of the Uuited States, while the- remaining two were apparently secondary areas passiug easts w a d froni the iiioiintain regions within the limits of tlie fitation of observation. I.-On t h e inoruing of the 1st'two depressions were moving
eastward from the Missouri valley, one iiortli of tlie lower la,ke region and the other ceiitral in the upper Mississippi valleg, while this large area oxteudecl over the iiiount,aiii district,s. The low areas referred to above a,pparentlg united rluriug the
night of the 1st ancl pitssed northeast of New England during the 3d, followed by this high area, which esteuclecl over tlie Ohio valley aud was central in the mi$lle Atlantic .states at
the morning ohervatiou of the 3d. The pressure illcreased at the central stations withiii this area as it moved eastward, and
upon reaching the Atlantic coast the course changed from e a t to north of e&, passing over Nova Scotia, where the barom- eter rose to 30.50 ou the morning of the 4th. This area passed eastward from the central Rocky mountain regioii, while t h e barometer continued high in these districts after this area had
passed to the eastward. 11.-Tlie morniug weather map of the 3cl exhibited a, high area in the upper Missouri valley, extending southward over the mouutain districts HR far as New Mesico and nortlierr~ Tesas. The succeediug reports of tlie 3d indicated that this volume of cold air was moviiig slowly eastward, reinforced by a cold
wave from the regions north of Dakota. On the morning of the 4th the highest barometric readings were observed uortli of Dakota, while t h e pressure was from 30 to ..u) of au inch above the normal on the eastern slope as fa.r south as Texas.
These conditions continued nutil the 5th, when this area passed almost directly southward over tlie lower Missouri valley, caus- ing frosts in northern Texas, northern Lonisian:t, and Qeorgia ou the 6th and killing frosts in t h e central portious of the Gulf
states on the 'ith, wheii the region of greatest pressure included
within its area the lower Mississippi valley. This high area did not reach tlie ,Qtlantic (wast, but disappeared by a gradual fall of the barometer in the Southern states, the barometer
remaining decidedly above the normal in the Rocky nioiiut,ain region. 111.-The barometer continuetl high iu the Rocky niouuta,in region from the 7th until the lSth, with 110 decided movement;
to the eitstward. Ou the afternoon of the 15th this high area wm appsreubly increased by the iidrauce of a cold wave from
the region west of Manitoba. The morning report of t h e lGth indicated that this conditiori would extend rapidly over the
central valleys and the lake regiou. On the 17th the crest of t h i s cold ware watt apparently in northern Minuesota, but the
cold northerly winds exteurlecl over the upper lake regiou amid
the northwest. At the moruing report of the 17th this area extended from the lower lake region to the iiortli Pacific co;tst and southward to uort,hern Tems, the barometric gradieii t
beiug greatest in the eastern qnadrauts. This area passed eastward north of the lake region, crossing the Seiiit Lawreuce valley on the 18th ancl moving northeastwiarcl over t h e Mari-
time Provinces on the 19th. The pressure decreased near tlie centre of this mea ;t ~ i t passed over tlie lake regiou, and increased as i t passed over the Atlantic coast districts. TV.-This area apparently developed over the southern Rocky mountains during the 18th, and it was probably a secondary
m a formed from the cold, dry air which passed southward from
area number iii. It was at no time well-defined by tlie isobar- ometric lines on the weather charts while west of the lower
Mississippi river. Killing frosts occurred in central Texas and northern Louisiana on the 20th as this areit passed east-
ward over that section. After reaching the east Gulf states the course of this area changed to the northeast, aud it passed
A~~~~~~ velocity in
niiles per
boar.
v ............................................. VI ............................................. VI1 ............................................ VI I I .......................................... IS ............................................. x ...............................................
n1en11 liourly velucity, Novciiibrr, 18% .............................................. Menu hourly vekuclty fur Nuvenilrr for last eight yeurr .....................
~
I. mid II.--Lyiiti~ ber i. developed in the upper Missouri nlley
ou the 30th of October, a y l passed directly ea.stwarc1 over the upper lake region (luring the 31&, first inclining slightly to the noiit Iiward , and ii fter pass1 ng L ~k e Mi chi gaii , changi u g to the 11ort1iwn.rd until its centre reached latitude 4 9 O in the Saiut Lixwrelice va.lley, wlieu the course changed slightly to the southword, crossing the h i u t Lawrence valley and pessing to the southward of Newfoundland. The a. IU. chart of the 1st exliibi ted two well marked depressions-number i. central uorth of Lake Ontario aurl number ii. central near Davenport,
Iowa; the former had been traced during the two preceding days from Dakota aud the latter from western Nebraska. These low a.reas moved eastward during the lst, and number
ii., after passing to the lower lake region, united with number
i. in the lower Saint LRwreuce valley at micluight of the 1st.
Light showers occurred in the northern districts east of the Missouri \-alley while these depressions were passing eastward, and fresh to brisk winds were reported from the stations on the lower lakes, but IIO marked disturbance was observed.
NOVEMBER, 1884. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. 271
The observer a t .Eastport, Maine, reports that high north easterly winds (masimum \-elocit,v thirty-four miles) prevailed during the 3d, and that the schooner Alaska  hat1 niain sail split and was left in a helpless condition near the shore off Beacl Harbor, New Branswick. Twent,y sclioouers renia.ined in 1ia.r. bor at Eastport during the signal display for this storm. 111.-This storni developed in northern Arkansas on tlic
afternoon of the 3c1, while extended high areas were observed on the Atlantic coast and in the Rocky monut8aiii regions. It increased in energy rapidly, moving to the northeast between
the high pressure areas above referred to, attended by general rains in the lake regions and the central \-alleys. These mine
extended to the Atlantic coast by the nioruing of tlie dth, the precipitation being very heavy north of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. After passing over the lower lakes this clepression divided, forniiug a wconcla,ry storm in Kouthern New England while the priticipa.1 distnrbiince piissecl down the Saint Law. reuce valley, the two arem uniting at midnight of the 5th; north of New England: Dangerous gales occurred iii t,he hke region and on the micldlo Atlantic and New England coasts on the 4th and 5th, the wind reaching a velocity of fifty-two milea an hour at Biit hlo and a.t Sandy Rook, arid gales occurred generally throughout t,he Mariti nie Provinces 011 t.he 5th. Tliia storm was followed by a second distnrbence from Mauit.oba 011
the 6t81i, which passed rapidly to the eastward iiorbh of the
lake region, canwing dangerous wind& on the 7th, a velocit,y of fift,y-sis miles an hoiir occiirring at Bnffalo when this second. ary depression extended over the lower Saint Lawrence valley. The following notes from the reports of Signal Rervice
obwerrers relate to t,hia storm :
Escanaba, Michigan, 5t,h : the wind blew with more or less severity duriug bhe da.y, a relocity of thirty miles being recorded both before and after noon j no cl:mia.ge result,ed from
the storm in t h i s vicinit.y. The sigiial tlispla.ynian at South Ha\-en, Nichigan, reports
tha,t the Rcliooner L L AUUR Tliorine  went ashore at 4 a,. m. on the 6th, while a.ttemp1iug t,o enter that harbor. Rochester, New Pork, 4th : brisk southeasterly wind at 11.35 a,. m., veering to southerly and increasing in force uutil
1.10 p. m.* when a velocit,r of forty miles per hour from the
Roiith \viis recorded. High winds a.lso prewilecl on the 5th from 2 to 5.30 a. in., a nirisiiiiuni velocity of hhirtp-nine miles,
west, occurring a t 4.35 a,. m. On the 7th brisk southwest,erly wiuds occurred, veering at 9.45 8.. ni. to high westerly and in- creitsiug in force ; masimiini velocity forty-eight niileR, west, at 1.45 1). in. j wind velocity fell below twenty-fire miles at 7.15
p. m. Oswego, New Pork : the t,hree-niastecl schooner  Agues Hope, lnmber-laden, lost her deck load, filled with water,
and was abandoned when about fifteen miles oil t from t,liix
port, at 3. p. m. on the (5th. The observer at Eastport, Mamine, reports that fifteen schoon- ers remained in t,liat hasbor during the signal displaF for this
Ktorni. Reports from Father Poiut state that the storm during the night of the 6 5 t h was of unusual violence. The high sea in- undated the fields in all the parishes along the coast, and several buildings near t,hat place were carried away. The town of Rimouski was inunclated, a.nd a. lamrge number of biiiiis,
stables, and wliarres were carried away. The losses sustained at Rimouski .w e est,iiiiat.ed a t 630,000. At Saint Anne de Monts fifteen hoiises were destroyed, and a considerable quan-
tity of wood was swept away. A iiiiiuber of fisliiug boats were totally demolished, having drifted on t,he rocks. At
Notre Dame dn Portage three houses mere swept awiyr. The following extract is from the  New Pork Herald 77 of
November 6th :
HALIFAX, N. S., November 5, lW-L-Enrlj- this morning a violent storm
set in froin the southwest and continued until noon with much severity. The rain cwne down in torrents. and the greater part cif the tinip a small hurri-
cane was blowing. No special damage to shipping in dock has been re-
ported, except that sonie vessels were liadly chafed. I n the Northwest Arm
the water was esceptionally high, coming right up on the road. Bhip-own-
erR are somewhat nnsionx, it is feared that vessels near the coast may
hare suffered.
1V.-This WRR a low area of slight energy which appeared
i n t,lie Northwest Territory on tlie 8th ; i t passed over Mani-
toba on the Htli, and southeastward over Lake Superior on the gth, ciinwing no niarked change in t,he weather conditions in
the United States. This area was at no time enclosed by isobars within the limits of the st,at,ions, sild after tlie p. m. report of the lOtli, i t appiwently piwsed to the north of the lower lake region.
V.-This n.reaappeared farther to the north than the preced- ing one (number ii-.), and tlie centre could be only approxi- mately determined at the succesRive reports from the 12th, 3
p. in., until themidnight report. of t h e 13th. It caused but slight cliauges in the weather conditions within the United States, but dereloped considerable energy while passing to the east-
ward over the Canadian stations. The easterly movement wa.s retarded when this delbression reached the Gulf of Saint
Liiwreiice, antl stroug northwest gales occurred in tlie lower Saint Lawrence valley on the 15th. VI ,-This was tirst located a,s centra.1 in Mmitoba on the af- teruoon of the 15th. It passecl rapidly over the lake region, tipper Saint La.wrence valley, antl New Enghnd during the 16t,h aiicl 17tli, and dimppeared norllieawt of Nova Scotia. The ba.rometer fell at the centre of this depression as i t mored
mstwnrcl, and the strongest winds occnrred aft.er they had
diifteil to t,lie northward. The Si guiil Service observers report the following in conuec-
tioii with this Rtorm :
Escauaba., Micliiga,n, lGtli: the wind reached a velocity of
twenty-five miles per liour from the south, at 8.30 p. m., and continued high tluriug the night, avelocity of thirty-one miles northwest, occurriug at 1.34 a. m. on the 17th. The propeller Merrimac arrived during the morniug of the latter date,
and reported that on Lake Michigan the wind blew with a re-
locity of not less than fifty miles per hour. Alpeua, Michigan, 17th : high winds prevailed during the morning, a maximum velocity of twenty-seven miles per hour
kom the northwest having been recorded. The schooner Thomas P. Shelton went ashore on Middle Island during
the storm, but sustained no serious injury. Port Hiiron, Michigan, 17th : high northwesterly winds began
nbout 4 a. m. and continued with more or less severity during the c l q -; a masimuni wind velocity of twenty-eight miles per hour occiirred at 2.39 p. m. During this storm ou Lake Huron
all vessels in this port were detained; the schooner LL Frank Morris, when off Forester, Michigan, had two of her crew
wept overboard. A storm passed northwa,r(l east of Cape Hatteras on the 16th :aiisiug unusually heavy rain on the Nort,h C:irolina coast and wind velocities ranging from thirty-six to forty-eight miles an hour from t h e north, backing to westerlF, thus showing the northerly movement of the storm which passed to the east of
the coilst. The following estract is tnken froin LbScience for December
19,1884:
The American brigantine  Senorita was in latitude 3 5 O 50 north, long- tiide 74 12 west, at meridian, November 16, and experienced the severe storm of that date About 2 p. m. when it was blowing very hard from the
inorthenst. five whirlwinds were seen to the southward and eastward. They were l ~l ~l i colunins of water about four hundred feet in diameter, and t.heir
;ops seemed to reach the clouds. They moved with great velocity at right ingles with the wind, and, after passing the vessel, disappeared to the north- ward and westward. Four went ahead of the vessel, and one astern, within
half R mile. The whirlwinds were moving at the rate of twenty-five or thirty miles an hour. The appearance of waterspouts in the midst of a gale, and
iiioving at right angles to the wind, is quite unusual.
VI1.-This disturbance \vas probably central north of Mon- t;iiua on the afternoou of the 18th. It morod mpidly to t h e southenst over Manitoba a,nd Lake Superior during the lgth,
[bllowed by i t decided f d l in temperature and light snows. The ba.roinet.er mas lowest near Marquette, Michigan on the inorning of the 20th, altliongh i t lia,d risen at the centre dur-
273 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. NOVEMBER, 1884.
ing the southeasterly moveinant of the area. This st.orni was
not severe in auy district. although dangerous wiuds occiirred at several stations iu the lirke region. After passing over Lake Superior this area became leas clea,rly detinecl and could no longer be tramd 011 the tri-daily charts.
V1II.-This depressiou could uot be clefiui t.elj- traced froin the observations taken at laud stations, but, the reports iucli- cate that a storm of cousiderable euergy passed uortlieastmard aloug tho Atlantic coast about the 90th. Ou the 19th tlie ba-
rometer was high iu the northea,st a i d a steep barometric
gradieut was observed to the south of Nora Scotia., and a high wind of forty-two miles per hour from the northeast occurred at Block Islaud, Rhode Island. The centre of the storin WRY
probably uear Ia,titode N. 40, longitude W. 67O.
1X.-On the 91st the baronieter wan low in all dist,ricts on
the Pacific coast, iu the plateau regious, soil geuerally iu tlie mountain regions south of Montaua, while a high area, es-
tended over the states east of the Mississippi river. This area
was first observed at the a,fternoou report of the 21st central in eastern Colora.tlo. I t developed ra.piclly ond psssed to the
Missouri valley by the inoruiug of the 93d, passing betweeu the high area to the east and a rcecond cold wave which es-
tended over the northwestern districts from Lake Superior to Idaho. This storm mas ap1,sreutly piislied to the southw;i,rd by the cold wave during the eight hours betweeu the morning and afternoon reports of the 29d, but i t esteiidecl in n trongh- like form, f'rom the upper lake region to the west Gulf coast.
Very lieivy rains occurred to the soiith and east of the centre of this area when in the Mississippi v:tlley, a,nd cold northerlF wiuds with suow, followed in the northwest qnwdra.ut of t,liis storin as it passed over the lake regiou. This storm mil** tlie
most violent of the mouth in the lake region, and it wa.n fol- lowed by a cold wave which closet1 na\rigiltion 011 the c a d s
in New York and at a uumher of lake ports. Raiu tnrued to sleet aud snow as tlie ceutro passed to the northew& and the winds increased in force after sliif'tiug to the west; the high-
est velocity reported was sixty miles per hour at Buffalo, New York. This low area followed the geuernl course of t,he Saiut Lawreuce valley, but was of such euergy as to cause danger- ous northwest ga.les 011 the Athntic coast north of Gtipe Hat-
teras, wlieu the ceutm was north of Halifas, No\-a Scotia, on tlie 94th. Couceruiug this storin t.he followiug notes have been re- ported by the Signal Service observers.
Galveston, Texas : t.he barometer fell rapidly on the YSd, tlie lowest readiug (39.61) being observed about uoou; i k t 1 11. in. it read 29.35; aud at 3 p. in., 99.71. After 10 a. m. the wind shifted to northwest a.ncl reached a lvelocity of thirty-seven miles per hour at l I .W a. in. ; the velocity fell below twenty-
five miles per hour at 12.14 p. in.
Louisville Kentucky : lietwy ra,iu fell during the early morn- iugof the 39t1, and it wind velouit,y of t,liirty-sis miles per hour
W ~W recorded ii,t, '3.45 it. 111.
Duluth, Miunesot.a, 91st: light siiow begnu :tt 9.10 :I. in.,
coiitiuuiug all clay aud (luring the YSd, with high northeast to northwest winds 011 the latter ditto, it maxiiunni wlocitj- of
forty miles per liour occurring at 9.30 1). m. Escanaba, Michigau, 23d : at 9.90 a. m. the wind shifted to
northwest ; i t afterwards increurced in force aud continued throughout the day; a velocity of thirty-two miles per lionr from the uorthwest occurred both before and a.fter noon. Several vessels put into t h i s port during the storm, aud reported unusually rough weather on the lake.
Milwa-ukee, Wisconsin, 23d : a uorthwesterlg gale begau at
5.17 a. m. a,ucl continued all day; it was very severe on Lalie
Michigau, but, owing to the IibteJlesN of the navigation season,
a conipa,ratively small number of vessels were caught in tlie storm, although several put into this port, some hariug sus- tained damage. The signal for this storm was displayed on the 21st: i t was justified by a velocity of forty-one miles per how and gave ample warning to vessels aud others interested. Grand Haveu, Michigan 23d: abouts 9.30 a,. m. the wiud
shifted to northwest, inci.ea&ug in force and attsiuhg a veloc-
ity of thirty-uiue miles at, 12.06 1). ni. The propellers '( Michi- gnu 7' aid " Wisconsin ** left this port. for Milmukee, but were compelled to return, t,he " Micliiga,ii " sustaining dama.ge esti-
Detroit, M~chigaii, 33~1: a southeasterly storm began at 13.04
H. 111.. continuing cloriug the night a,nd followiug day; the wiud
reached its greatest filrce, forty miles, southeast, at 6.54 a. ui. ;
at 12.30 p. in. the wiud shifted to southwest aud later to west., moderatiug at G p. m., but during the night of 23-94th it iu- creiued in force itnd continued high uutil 11 R. m. of the latter
dat,e. Toledo, Oliio, 53d : after 11 11. in. the wind blew in gust,$ of con- siderable violence iinil continned to iucrease in force ; nt 4.54
a. m. on t,he 33d it reached tweutry-five miles per hour, and a.fterwiirds blew in violent gusts, the maximum velocity, forty
miles per lioiir from t,he southwest, occiirriug at. 19.49 p. m.; the wiud cont,iuued high until 9.20 p. m., when it subsided. This storm wan of um1suaI severity a,nd caused muah clamage. Iu Toledo, bnildiugw -'ere uuroofed and trees blown down,
while in the surrouucling country the corn shocks were Kca.t- tered, ~i i d t8elegraph lines, fencing, etc., were prostrated. The cantionary sigtlitl for this storm was displayed fourteeu hours in advauce of it, itlid it was due to this, i n a'great mea- sure, taliat no marine dismt.ers occurred.
Biiftiilo, New York, 23d: tlie storm of this date wa.s the severest that has occurred here for several years ; it begau with a south wind at 19.18 a. m., which continued with great force, reaching 11 \-elocity of forty-uiue niiles per hour at 8.15
8.. in. The barometer fell dnring t,he day until short11 aft.er 3
p. ui., being Rt that hour 29.43. The wiucl then suddenly veered to west, increasing in force and attaining a velocity of sisty miles per hour; the miud coutiuued high uutil about 4.40
a. tu., 011 t h e 24th. A large amouut of damage was done itloug the docks, aud throughout the city,, signs, trees, etc.,
were blowii down ; niimeroiis Imildings were unroofed or other-
wine dania,gecl. A large new church building was unroofed
ilmutl the front blowu in, causing a loss of W20,oOO. Captains of vessels and ot,hers st,iIt,e that bhe warning giveu fiw t,his ntorui prevented many clini.sters, ant1 that the stonii wm oue of the
severest ever esperiencecl at this place. Rochesber, New York, 23d : liigli sontherly, veering to west- erly winds pren~ilecl cliiriug t,he niorniug, the highest velocity, forty-fonr miles per hour froni tlie sou tli, hii\kg occurred at
10 a. ru.; the wiuds continued high unt,il the early moruiug of
tlie 24th. The observer itt Norfolk, Virginia,, reports that several steam-
ers remained in port on the 23d (luring the sigual display, which
wits justified by B wind velocity of twenty-five miles per hour
from the south. At New York City H stroiig westerly gale prevailed from 9.35
to9.li 1). ui., of the 33~1, the wind iittiiining a velocity of forty uiiles ; uiaiiy minor disasters occurred ; st,eimers mere delayed and telegrirphic coniuiuuicatiou seriously intei-rupted. Rep0rt.s from Bridgeport, Connecticut, state that the storiii
ou the eveuiug of the 93cl wits the severest euperieuced for ma,~iy years. Biiiii1a.r reports :we also received from ot,her
towns in Connecticut, Rliocle Island, amrid Massachusetts. At Ellswort.li, Maine, severa.1 schooners dragged anchor. The observer at New London, Couuecticnt,, reports that a
soiit,liea,st,erly gale begnu at 10.80 a,. in., reachiug its height itt. 11.20, when a wiud velocity of forty-uine miles IVM recorded,
causiug vessels in the ha.rbor t,o break from their a.nchors. This was oue of the severest storms that has occurred for wveral yearn. The observer also states that the cautionary signal
gave ample waruiug of its approach and that the displag was favorably commeuted upou by ship-maaters aud ship-owners. The observer a,t Boston reports as follows : Tho gale begau
itt 1.49 p. m. on the 23d and coutinued until 7 p. m. on the
24th ; considerable damage was doue in this city and vicinity, telegmph lines and trees being prostrated. No marine casual- ties were reported ; the timely warning of the storm's approach
111ot.ed at "3,!m!
NOVEMBER, 1884. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. 373
given bx the storm signal detained many vessels iu t h i s har- bor, the signal having been displayed twelve hours in advance of the storni ; the highest velocities of the wind recorded were fortyseven miles, south, at 11.54 p. m. on the 33d, and forty- four miles, south, at 1.30 a. m. on the 24th.
On the summit of Mount Wa&ingtoii, hew Ha,mpshire, the most violent hurricane tha.t has occurred since last winter pre- vailed on the 33~1. The wind blew with great violence from
the south a,ll day, reaching a velocit,y of 198 miles per hour during the night ; the hurricane abated dnriiig the ea.rly mom- ing of the 24th. X.-This disturbance was first observed in the upper Mis-
souri valley at t h e afternoon report of the 34th. The succeed-
ing report showed a slight depression in southeaateru Dakota, and during the following eight hoiirs, a, slight depression pmsed over the upper lake region, atteiitled by light snow north of t h e Ohio valley. This storm was not severe .in any
section of the United States, although general snow fell in the northern districts, and iiuinerous high winds were reported
from the lake region, the velocity a t Buffalo reaching forty miles per hour. This storm a,ppareutly passed northward, be- yond the limits of stations, on the 26th. XI.-The moruing reports of the 27th indicated the speedy development of a storm in t h e western part of the Gulf of Mes- ico, and the siicceeding reports of that date uliowerl the north- emterly movement of the storm, tlie centre at midnight being
near New Orleans, aiicl the cold wale which wiw approaching from t h e northwest had reached Iudiil.Ilola, Tesas, causing a
uorther in that region. This st.orm extended rapidly to tlie
northeast over the Southern, niiilclle Atla,ntic, a.ud New Eng- land states, causing hewy rains and high winds on the coast.
It followed the general direction of the coa,st line eft,er passing over the south Atlantic states, the depression being mmh elongated in the direction of t.lie movement. The barometer
fell rapidly as the storm passed to the northeastward and when last observed, on the aft.eruoou of tlie 39th. i t hat1 fallen to
39.06 at Anticosti, which, at t.hat time wa,s near the centre of dis turbance.
NORTH ATLANTIC WLORMS DURING NOVEMBER, 1886.
[Pressure e+gressetl ia hches and iii siillimetrn, ; wiiid=force hy male of u-IO.]
Tlie paths of the depressions that hare a,ppeareecl in the iiortli Atlantic oceau during the month, are determined, approsi-
mately, from reports ol observatioiis furnished bg captains and agents of ocean steitmships mil miling \-ens& ; from data ob- tiaiued through the co-operatmion of t,he ( New York Herald
Westher Service, and from other miscellaneous clat:i, received
at this ofice up to December 33t1, 1884. The observations used are, in gellerii.1, simiil taiieoiis, having
been t.akeu each da.y at 7 a. in. Washington, or 12 hrs. 8 in.
p. ni. Greenwich mea11 time. Nine depressions are shown oil the chart for November, 1884 ;
of these, foiir, viz : numbera 3, 3, 8, and 9, are coutiuns,tioua of stornis which first passed over t.he Uuitetl Sta,ten slid Canada,
and are 1>iJrtly described, under 6 areas of low biarometer, iu
this REVIEW. One depression amppeared in the region between N. 30 anrl 35O, and W. 70 a,ud 75O, iUid passed northeastwnrcl, causing heavy rains and gales on the coast of the Carolinas. The reniniini ug depressions developed over the Banks of Yew- foundland, or in mid-ocean. Only oue storm, number 1, ap- pears to have reached the British Isles from the Atlantic; the others either filled iu, or passed far to the uorthward of those
is1 ands. During the first and secoud decades of November, 18S4, the weather over t h e north Atlantic north of 40 N. was marked
by a succession of moderate to strong gales from s. to nw.; with rain or sleet and high seas; cluiing the last decade, strong breezes, increasing to gales at the close of the period, prevailed; M a whole, however, the weather was not more stormy than is usually experienced in the north Atlantic during
the month of November. During the greater part of the month an area of high ba-
. . . . . . ._ .. .
rometer appears to hm-e existed near the European cottats and to have R~IWU~ westwad over the At.lautic ocean for a consid- erable distance, and fine weat,her, wit,h light to modera,te east- erly winds prevailed over the regioii south of the fortieth paral-
lel anrl from the EUrOlJeaII coast westward to a.bout 35O W. Tht? tollowing clescriptious refer to tlie clepressions charted :
1.-On the 1st an area of low bwonieter, a,t the ceutre of which tlie pressure was less thau 39.5 (749.3), was to the south- ward of Newfouudland, causiug strong eawt,erly gdes along the sout,heru coast of that island, m-ith inodemte to strong 8.
and N e . gales between W. 55O anrl GOo, and moderate north- erly winds in Nova Scotia,. Some loss of life and much dam- a.ge to shipping occurred dong the Newfouudlsnd coasts clur- ing the prevalence of those gales. On the 3d the depression having mored rapidly iiortbea.st,ward, warns shown near N. 63O
W. 37O, where the lowest pressure reported was 89.53 (750.0);
strong winds to moderate gales occurred in a,ll quadrauts. The reports indicate that a rapid decrease of 1mssnre occurred during the Bd, n8ud 1,s the 3d t,he bnrometer at the storm-cen- tm, near N. 54O W. Sio, was below 29.0 (736.61, aud the winds had increased to strong gales. The following reports show the
violence of this storm :
Tlie Queen, reported: 6 November ad, 8 p. in. Greenwich time, Iat. 49O
441 N., long. lSo 551 W., barometer 30.05 (763.3), wind back- ing t80 sout,liwml awl rapidly increasing, with gusts ; barom- eter fillling; midnight, fresh gale fimm sse. and backiug to se. with coufnsecl sea,. November 3cl, 3 a. in., barometer
39.35 (745.5 1 ; wind suddenly shifted in a. heavy squall with rain, to KKW., atid gradnally hauled to ma.; by S a. m. i t was blowing a fresh gale with high sea, barometer still falling slowly after the shift of wind. At. noon, lat. 49O 381 N., long.
3 9 O 47 W., strong gale with fierce squalls m r l very lieavy
wsw. sea; 4 1). ni., weather the sanie, barometer 39.17 (740.9);
at 8 p. in. w i l d w., but no abatement in the fury of the gale iind it, tremendous sea running ; midnight, still blowing furi-
oiwly wi tb very heavy and claugerous westerly sea, running, barometer stea.dy since 4 1). in. At 4 a. m. of November 4th wind hauling to wnw., barometer iisiug slowly, weather
settling into a strong wuw. gale and squally, with heavy wnw. sea ruiiuiug; noon, Iat. 49O 121 N., long. 95O 17 W., gale
moderating nud seii going clon~. Captiiin W. P. Couch, conimandiug the s. 8. L L Ontario, be-
tween N. 56O 381, W. Sio 33/, and N. 55O 551, W. 31 001, re- ported : ( November Sd, li hrs. 40 m., barometer began t.0 fa,ll rapidly, the wind incivmsing till noon, when i t was blowing a
strong ga.le with high sea from e. 3 s., barometer 35.85 (732.0).
with rain and c.lull weather; at 3 hrs. 40 ni. of tlie 3d, wind
shifted t,o s. 4 w., anrl niocleraterl sodclenlg ; 5 hrs. 40 m., light airs it.nrl calnis, baroniet.er 28.77 (730.7), iiutil 10 hrs. 44 ni.,
when the breeze sprang up from n. 4 e., increasing to a gale of force S, with coufilsed sea xiid miuy weather; at no011 barome- ter rising and mint1 decrea,sing to a fresh breeze, ba,romet.er
29.Gfi (i53.7).
n Lau b, COIU nii1.ndi ng tlie s. s. Tli i iigvall a , reported,
 November 2d. in N. 54O 15/, W. 33O 50 iJt 8 1). m., (ships time) harometer 29.26 (742.9) wind ese. force 9, high nw. sea, rain; 9 p. m. 99.16 (740.7) wind ese. 10, high UW. sea,, rain;
10 1). 111. 99.07 (73Y.4), wind e. by s. 10, sea going down; 11 p. in. 39.00 (736.61, wind e. 10; midnight, 38.93 (7344 wind e. by n. 5. November 3d, 1 a. m. barometer 28.M (733.0), wind e. by n. force 7, confused sea; 4 a. m. 38.69 (758.7), wind ne. by
e. force 5, confused sea; G a,. m. 35.55 (735.2), wind ne. 1 )~ n.
7, confilsed sea,; 8 a. m. 28.46 (733.9), wind ne. by u. 7, high and long sea-swell from s.; 10 a. m. 28.54 (784.9), wind ene. force 3, sa.me sea-swell ; noon, (N. 54O 58/, W. 3oo 40), barom- eter 38.54 (794.9), wind e. force 5; 5 p. m. barometer 58.56
(735.3, wind nne. force 6; 8 p. m. 38.63 (736.9), wind n. force
6; midnight, 38.63 (736.9), wind n. 6. November 4th, 6 a. m. bsrometer 28.66 (738.0), wind nuw.; noon, 38.71 (739.3), wind
unw, (N. Fi5O 57 W. 34O 34).
Captaiu G. Cochra,ue, commauding the 8. s.
Ua,p
During the 3d, ve.eKwels between N. Go end 5 5 O aiid from W.