READ AND **REMOVE THIS PAGE** BEFORE PLACING

THE SPECIFICATION SECTION IN THE CONTRACT

\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*

[DIVISION 2: SITEWORK]{.underline}

SECTION 02743 ‑ BITUMINOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT

USE: Furnishing, placing, and compacting a Bituminous Surface.

**NOTES TO SPECIFIER:**

A. Options within paragraphs are identified by enclosure in brackets;
blank spaces enclosed by brackets \[[ ]{.underline}\] provide for
information to be inserted, as appropriate to individual projects.

B. **TO AVOID CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS AND COSTLY MISTAKES,** the
specifier must edit (delete, substitute or add to the text). The
remaining paragraphs must be renumbered.

C. DELETE FOR FINAL COPY: Notes to the Specifier, located between lines
of asterisks; all \[brackets\], [underlining]{.underline}, **boldface,
**and *italics* within the paragraphs; and this page. (Open Reveal Codes
\[alt F3\] to do this accurately).

D. [To Edit "(Footer B)":]{.underline} (Corel 8). **ENTIRE FOOTER SHOULD
BE BOLDED. **Click in the footer and delete the "Project Name (ftr B)"
text and replace it with the **Name Of The Project (upper/lower case).**
Replace date with current MM/YY (WITHOUT BRACKETS).

E. The Guide Specifications are intended to be continuously reviewed and
revised. User's technical comments are appreciated. Also, other related
or similar specifications that are written "from scratch" that could
benefit others, or other questions can be sent to NSTC A/E Group, ST-110
or call (303) 987-6851.

F. DESIGN NOTES:

1\. **DRAWING DATA REQUIRED:**

Location and detail drawings as needed.

TABLE III

MINIMUM SPREADING TEMPERATURES

Base^1^ Temp. Wearing, Binder, or Leveling Course Thickness in Inches

degrees F 1/2 3/4 1 1‑1/2 2 3 3‑1/2 4

20‑32^2^ ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑ 275^2^ 260^2^

+32‑40^2^ ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑ 295 280 270 260

+40‑50 ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑ 300 285 275 265 255

+50‑60 ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑ 300 295 280 270 260 255

+60‑70 -‑‑ 300 290 285 275 265 255 250

+70‑80 300 290 285 280 270 265 255 250

+80‑90 290 280 275 270 265 260 250 250

+90 280 275 270 265 260 255 250 250

^1^Base on which mix is placed.

^2^Increase by 15 degrees when placement is on base or subbase
containing frozen moisture. Normally, hot mix paving is not allowed on
base temperature below 45 degrees F.

**REVISIONS OF THIS SECTION:**

CSI format, editorial changes 12/00

Metric: Not Applicable

Technical Update:

**SECTION 02743**

**BITUMINOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT**

**[PART 1: GENERAL]{.underline}**

**1.1 SUMMARY**

**A. Section Includes: Furnishing, placing, and compacting one or more
courses of bituminous pavement on a prepared base.**

**B. Related Sections:**

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LIST ITEMS OF WORK THAT MIGHT LOGICALLY BE FURNISHED AND INSTALLED UNDER
THIS SECTION, BUT INSTEAD ARE SPECIFIED IN ANOTHER SECTION. THIS ARTICLE
IS RARELY REQUIRED.

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C. Alternates/Alternatives: The Contractor may submit alternatives to
the design or specifications providing they are within the scope of the
work. The alternatives shall be sufficiently detailed so that they may
be properly evaluated. \[Alternatives may include changes in mix design
or use of recycled material.\] \[Alternatives shall be considered
\[after\] \[\[30\] days prior to\] bid opening.\]

1.2 SUBMITTALS

A. General: Submittals shall be according to \[Section 01009 - General
Information and Requirements.\] \[Section 01330 - Submittal
Procedures.\] \[Section 01331 - Certificates.\]

B. Certificates of Conformance: Submit three copies of written
certification from the supplier of bituminous material used in the mix
to be used on this project that it conforms to the requirements of this
specification section.

C. Samples: Submit three samples of each of the following items to be
used on this project for approval:

1\. Aggregate from each separate source ‑ 25 pounds

2\. Aggregate of each different gradation ‑ 25 pounds

3\. Mineral filler ‑ 20 pounds

4\. Asphalt ‑ 1 gallon

5\. Anti‑stripping agent, when used

D. Job Mix Formula: Submit a job mix formula, prepared within one year
of submittal, for approval \[by the Government\] prior to preparing and
placing the bituminous mixture. Design mix using procedures contained in
Chapter III, Marshall method of Mix Design, of the Asphalt Institute
MS‑2. The formulas shall indicate the physical properties of the mixes
as shown by tests made by an approved commercial laboratory using
materials identical to those to be used on this project. Submit all
formulas with materials samples. The job mix formula for each mixture
shall be in effect until modified in writing by the Contractor and
approved by the Contracting Officer. Provide a new job mix formula for
each source change.

1\. Required Data: The job‑mix formula shall show the following: the
source and proportions (percent by weight) of each ingredient of the
mixture; the correct gradation (the percentages passing each size sieve
listed in the specifications for the mixture to be used) for the
aggregate and mineral filler from each separate source and from each
different size to be used in the mixture and for the composite mixture;
the amount of material passing the No. 200 sieve determined by dry
sieving; the number of blows of hammer compaction per side of molded
specimen; the temperature viscosity relationship of the asphalt cement;
the stability, flow, percent voids in mineral aggregate, percent air
voids, unit weight; asphalt absorption by the aggregate; effective
asphalt content as percent by weight of total mix; the temperature of
the mixture immediately upon completion of mixing; the asphalt viscosity
grade and/or penetration range; and

The Results of: As Determined by:

Specific Gravity of Asphalt ASTM D 70

Coarse Aggregate:

Bulk Specific ASTM C 127

Abrasion Loss ASTM C 131

Soundness Loss ASTM C 88

Weight of Slag ASTM C 29

\% Crushed Pieces in Gravel Counting ‑ by Observation

and Weight

Fine Aggregates:

Bulk Specific Gravity ASTM C 128

Soundness Loss ASTM C 88

Mineral Filler ‑ Specific

Gravity ASTM C 188 or D 854

Bituminous Mixture:

Bulk Specific Gravity ASTM D 1188 or D 2726

Theoretical Maximum

Specific Gravity ASTM D 2041

Index of Retained

Strength ASTM D 1075

2\. Charts: Plot and submit, on a grain size chart, the specified
aggregate gradation band, the job mix gradation and the job mix
tolerance band.

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FOR TRAFFIC WITH TIRE PRESSURES 100 PSI AND OVER AND ALSO FOR PRIMARY
ROADS AND STREETS, SPECIFY 75 BLOWS; FOR TIRE PRESSURES LESS THAN 100
PSI AND FOR SECONDARY ROADS, STREETS, AND PARKING AREAS, SPECIFY 50
BLOWS.

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3\. Bituminous Specimens: Shall be made and testing according to ASTM D
1599 with the following exceptions:

a\. Compaction: Apply \[\[75 blows of the hammer to each flat face of
the specimens for mix numbers \[\_\_\_\_\_\] and \[\_\_\_\_\_\]\]
\[\[and 50 blows for mix numbers \[\_\_\_\_\_\] and \[\_\_\_\_\_\]\].

b\. Curves: Plot and submit curves for the \[leveling\], \[binder\]
\[and\] wearing course\[s\] to show the effect on the test properties of
at least four different percentages of asphalt on the unit weight,
stability, flow, air voids, and voids in mineral aggregate; each point
on the curves shall represent the average of at least four specimens.

c\. Cooling of Specimen: After compaction is completed, allow the
specimen to cool in air to the same temperature approximately as that of
the water (77 degrees F) to be used in the specific gravity
determination.

4\. Selection of Optimum Asphalt Content: Base selection on percent of
total mix and the average of the values at the following points on the
curves for each mix:

Stability Peak

Unit Weight Peak

Percent Air Voids Median

5\. Variations from Formula: Variations from the approved job‑mix
formula shall not exceed the following: however, in no case shall the
job‑mix formula, with tolerances applied, fall outside the general
limits for aggregate gradation and bituminous material specified herein:

Aggregate Tolerance (Plus or Minus

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

1/2‑inch and larger 8 percent

3/8‑inch and No. 4 7 percent

No. 8 and 16 6 percent

No. 30 and 50 5 percent

No. 100 4 percent

No. 200 3 percent

Asphalt Cement \[0.3\] \[0.5\] percent

Temperature of Mixture as

Discharged 20 degrees F

6\. Copies of Formulas: Send copies of the job‑mix formulas, complete
with curves and all other details specified, direct to
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\]
at the same time the original copies are submitted.

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Quality Assurance Plan: The Contractor shall submit a written quality
assurance plan that details his quality control and inspection
procedures that will insure compliance with these specifications.

B. Failure Criteria: Not limited to the following:

1\. Creeping, shoving, cracking, raveling, or softening of the asphalt
concrete.

1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. Storage: Store aggregates in such a manner as to prevent segregation,
contamination, or intermixing of the different aggregate sizes.

1.5 PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS

A. Weather Limitations: Place bituminous mixture only during dry weather
and on dry surfaces. Place courses only when the surface temperature of
the underlying course is greater than \[(45 degrees F)\] for course
thicknesses greater than one inch and \[(55 degrees F)\] for course
thicknesses one inch or less.

B. Drains: The Contractor shall insure that asphalt surfaces slope
toward drains and seal tightly around drain inlets.

1.6 SCHEDULING AND SEQUENCING

A. Construction Schedule: The Contractor shall submit a written
construction schedule for the work, detailing the progress of the
construction and solutions to possible conflicts. This schedule shall
also indicate start and completion times for various stages of the work.

[PART 2: PRODUCTS]{.underline}

2.1 MATERIALS

A. Liquid/Emulsified Asphalt: Shall be as stated on bid schedule and
shall conform to requirements of AASHTO M 82, AASHTO M 140, and AASHTO M
208. CRS‑2 shall be used unless another material is approved by the
Contracting Officer.

B. Aggregates: Grade and proportion aggregates and filler so that the
combined mineral aggregate conforms to the grading specified herein.

1\. Coarse Aggregates (Retained on No. 8 Sieve): Shall conform to \[ASTM
D 692\] \[or\] \[AASHTO M 43\], except as modified herein. At least 75
percent by weight of the aggregate retained on the No. 4 sieve shall
have \[two\] or more fractured faces. \[Percentage of wear (Los Angeles
test), except for slag, shall not exceed \[40\] according to ASTM C
131.\] Weight of slag shall be not less than \[70\] pounds per cubic
foot. \[Soundness test is required according to ASTM C 88; after 5
cycles loss shall not be more than 12 percent when tested with sodium
sulfate or 18 percent when tested with magnesium sulfate.\]

2\. Fine Aggregate (Passing No. 8 Sieve): Shall conform to \[AASHTO M
29\], except as modified herein. Fine aggregate shall be produced by
crushing stone, slag or gravel that meets requirements for wear and
soundness specified for coarse aggregate. Where necessary to obtain the
gradation of aggregate blend or workability, natural sand may be used.
Quantity of natural sand to be added shall be approved \[by the
Contracting Officer\] and shall not exceed \[15\] percent of weight of
coarse and fine aggregate and material passing the No. 200 sieve.

3\. Mineral Filler: Shall be non plastic material meeting the
requirements of \[AASHTO M 17\].

C. Asphalt Cement: Shall meet the requirements of \[ASTM D 946\] \[or\]
\[AASHTO M 226\], penetration Grade \[60‑70\] \[85‑100\] \[120‑150\] or
ASTM D 3381, Table \[1\] \[2\] \[3\], viscosity Grade \[AC‑20\]
\[AC‑10\] \[AC‑5\] \[AR‑2000\] \[AR‑4000\] \[AR‑8000\]. Submit
temperature‑viscosity relationship of the asphalt cement to the
Contracting Officer.

2.2 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

A. General: Construction equipment used shall be dependable and adequate
for the purpose intended, properly maintained in satisfactory and safe
operating condition at all times. Calibrated equipment, such as scales,
batching equipment, spreaders and similar equipment, shall have been
recalibrated by an approved calibration laboratory within \[12\] months
of commencing work.

B. Mixing Plant: \[For use where Contractor operates mixing plant\]
Design, coordinate, and operate the mixing plant to produce a mixture
within the job‑mix formula tolerances and to meet the requirements of
ASTM D 995, including additional plant requirements specified herein.
The plant may be a batch type, continuous mix type or drum dryer‑mixer
type and shall have sufficient capacity to adequately handle the new
bituminous construction. Minimum plant capacity shall be \[\_\_\_\_\]
tons per hour. The mixing plant and equipment shall remain accessible at
all times for checking its adequacy, inspecting its operation, verifying
weights, proportions, and character of materials, and checking mixture
temperatures. The plant and plant site shall meet the requirements of
section titled \"Environmental Protection.\"

1\. Cold Aggregate Feeder: Provide plant with a feeder or feeders which
shall be capable of delivering the maximum number of aggregate sizes
required in their proper proportion. Provide adjustment for total and
proportional feed and feeders capable of being locked in any position.
When more than one cold elevator is used, feed each elevator as a
separate unit and install individual controls integrated with a master
control.

2\. Dryer: Provide rotary drum dryer which shall continuously agitate
the mineral aggregate during the heating and drying process. When one
dryer does not dry the aggregate to specified moisture requirements,
provide additional dryers.

3\. Plant Screens and Bins for Batch and Continuous Mix Plants: Use
accurate and efficient screen and allow no bin to contain more than 10
percent oversize or undersize. Inspect screens each day prior to
commencing work for plugged, worn, or broken screens. Clean plugged
screens and replace worn or broken screens with new screens prior to
beginning operations. Divide hot aggregate bins into at least three
compartments arranged to insure separate and adequate storage of
appropriate fractions of the aggregate.

4\. Safety Requirements: Provide adequate and safe stairways with
handrails to the mixer platform, and safe and protected ladders or other
means for accessibility to all plant operations. Guard equipment and
exposed steam or other high temperature lines properly or cover with a
suitable type of insulation.

5\. Surge and Storage Bins: Use for temporary storage of hot bituminous
mixtures will be permitted as follows:

a\. The bituminous mixture may be stored in surge bins for a period of
time not to exceed 3 hours.

b\. The bituminous mixture may be stored in properly insulated and
heated storage bins for a period of time not to exceed 12 hours.

c\. If it is determined \[by the Contracting Officer\] that there is an
excessive amount of heat loss, segregation and/or oxidation of the
mixture due to temporary storage, use of surge bins or storage bins will
be discontinued.

6\. Drum Dryer‑Mixer: Use of this type plant will not be permitted if
specified requirements of the bituminous mixture or of the completed
bituminous pavement course cannot be met. In this case, the Contractor
shall be required to utilize either batch or continuous mix plants
meeting the specifications.

C. Paving Equipment:

1\. Spreading Equipment: Self‑propelled \[electronically\] \[manually\]
controlled type, unless other equipment is authorized \[by the
Contracting Officer\]. Equip spreading equipment of the self‑propelled
\[electronically\] \[manually\] controlled type with hoppers, tamping or
vibrating devices, distributing screws, electronically adjustable
screeds, and equalizing devices. Capable of spreading hot bituminous
mixtures without tearing, shoving, or gouging and to produce a finished
surface of specified grade and smoothness. Operate spreaders, when
laying mixture, at variable speeds between (5 and 45 feet) per minute.
Spreader shall have a quick and efficient steering device; a forward and
reverse traveling speed; and \[automatic\] devices to adjust to grade
and confine the edges of the mixture to true lines. The use of a
spreader that leaves indented areas or other objectionable
irregularities in the fresh mix during operations will not be permitted.

2\. Rolling Equipment: Self‑propelled pneumatic‑tired rollers
supplemented by three‑wheel and tandem type steel wheeled rollers. The
number, type and weight of rollers shall be sufficient to compact the
mixture to the required density without detrimentally affecting the
compacted material. All rollers shall be suitable for rolling hot‑mix
bituminous pavements and capable of being operated both forward and
backward without turning on the mat, and without loosening the surface
being rolled. Equip rollers with suitable devices and apparatus to keep
the rolling surfaces wet and prevent adherence of bituminous mixture.

a\. Vibratory Rollers: At the Contractor\'s option, vibratory rollers
especially designed for bituminous concrete compacting may be used
provided rollers do not impair stability of pavement structure and any
underlying layers. Repair depressions in pavement surfaces resulting
from use of vibratory rollers at no cost to the Government. Rollers
shall be self‑propelled, single or dual vibrating drums, and steel drive
wheels, as applicable; equipped with variable amplitude and separate
controls for energy and propulsion.

3\. Hand Tampers: Shall have a minimum weight of (\[25\] pounds) with a
tamping face of not more than (\[200\] square inches).

2.3 MIXES

A. Gradation of Aggregates: Shall meet the requirements of ASTM C 136.
The aggregate as finally selected for use in the work shall have a
gradation within the limits designated in Table I and shall not vary
from the low limit on one sieve to the high limit on the adjacent sieve
or vice versa, but grade uniformly from coarse to fine. Table I is based
on aggregates of uniform specific gravity and the percentages passing
the various sieves are subject to appropriate correction when aggregates
of varying specific gravities are used. When materials of different
specific gravities are used, the Contractor shall make satisfactory
arrangements for separate stock piles, controlled distribution, and
other operations necessary to maintain the specific gravity of the
mixture constant and uniform.

TABLE I

GRADATION OF AGGREGATES

TOTAL PERCENT PASSING (BY WEIGHT)

Leveling Course Binder Course Wearing Course

Mix No. A B C D E F G

SIEVE SIZE

1‑1/2 inch 100 ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑

1 inch 95‑100 100 100 ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑

3/4 inch 78‑95 95‑100 95‑100 100 ‑‑‑ 100 ‑‑‑

1/2 inch ‑‑‑ 68‑86 68‑86 95‑100 100 ‑‑‑ 100

3/8 inch 54‑75 56‑78 56‑78 74‑92 95‑100 ‑‑‑ 95‑100

No. 4 36‑58 38‑60 38‑60 48‑70 75‑90 45‑65 30‑50

No. 8 25‑45 27‑47 27‑47 33‑53 62‑82 33‑53 5‑15

No. 16 ‑‑‑ 18‑37 18‑37 22‑40 38‑58 -‑‑ ‑‑‑

No. 30 11‑28 11‑28 13‑28 15‑30 22‑42 ‑‑‑ ‑‑‑

No. 50 ‑‑‑ 6‑20 9‑20 10‑20 11‑28 10‑20 -‑‑

No. 200 0‑8 0‑8 4‑8 4‑9 2‑10 3‑8 2‑5

B. Quantity of Bituminous Material: Mix asphalt cement with aggregates
of corresponding mixes in the following proportions:

Asphalt Cement Percent by Weight of Total Mix

\[[Leveling Course]{.underline}\] \[[Binder Course]{.underline}\]
\[[Wearing Course]{.underline}\]

\[4‑9\] \[4‑9\] \[5‑10\]

\[4.6\] \[5.9\] \[6.2\]

C. Composition of Mixture: The gradation of the mineral aggregate shall
be as specified herein. The percentage of bituminous material used in
the bituminous mixtures shall be within the limits specified. The
mixture shall have the following physical properties:

Test Property Values

\[Stability Not less than (\[1000\] pounds)

Flow (0.01 inch) Not more than \[20\] nor less than \[8\]\]

\[Stability Not less than (\[1800\] pounds)

Flow (0.01 inch) Not more than 16 nor less than 8\]

Percent Air Voids \[\[Not less than 3 nor more than 8 for \[binder\]
\[leveling\] course;\]\] not less than 3 nor more

than 5 for wearing course

Percent Voids in See Table II

Mineral Aggregates

TABLE II

MINIMUM PERCENT VOIDS IN MINERAL AGGREGATE (VMA)

U.S.A Standard Nominal Maximum Minimum VMA

Sieve Designation Particle Size in Inches Percent

No. 4 0.187 18

3/8 inch 0.375 16

1/2 inch 0.500 15

3/4 inch 0.750 14

1 inch 1.000 13

1\. Index of Retained Strength: ASTM D 1075 \[75\] or greater.

D. Submission of Mix Formula: The Contractor shall submit a bituminous
job mix formula \[in writing\] for approval \[three\] weeks prior to
placement of paving. The Contractor shall have \[written\] approval of
the formula by the Contracting Officer prior to placement of pavement.

2.4 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL

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THE SPECIFIER SHOULD SPECIFY A LOCALLY AVAILABLE HOT MIX IF DESIRED.
DELETE OR CHANGE GIVEN INFORMATION AS NEEDED, SPECIFYING ONLY THOSE
MIXES NEEDED OR AVAILABLE.

ALL SAMPLING AND TESTING NORMALLY CONDUCTED SHALL BE DONE AT THE
CONTRACTOR\'S EXPENSE. THERE MAY BE CERTAIN SPECIAL OCCASIONS WHERE THE
GOVERNMENT WILL CONDUCT SAMPLING AND TESTING. IN THOSE CASES, STATE THAT
SAMPLING AND TESTING WILL BE CONDUCTED BY THE GOVERNMENT.

SPECIFY 1,800‑POUND STABILITY AND NOT MORE THAN 0.16‑INCH FLOW FOR
AIRFIELD PAVEMENT; SPECIFY 1000‑POUND STABILITY AND NOT MORE THAN
0.20‑INCH FLOW FOR VEHICULAR PAVEMENT; DELETE REQUIREMENTS NOT
APPLICABLE. WHEN BOTH VEHICULAR AND AIRFIELD PAVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO
THE PROJECT, IDENTIFY REQUIREMENTS FOR EACH TYPE OF PAVEMENT. THE
BALANCE OF THE TEST PROPERTIES IS THE SAME FOR BOTH VEHICULAR AND
AIRFIELD PAVEMENTS.

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A. Testing: \[The Government will perform the required testing,
recording, and distributing of the results.\] \[The Government will make
arrangements for a certified independent testing laboratory to perform
the required testing, recording, and distributing of the results.\]
\[The Contractor shall conduct the performance and acceptance tests of
the
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\].\]
\[The Contractor shall furnish necessary equipment, labor, and materials
to conduct the testing.\] \[Testing shall be conducted in the presence
of the Contracting Officer who shall be given 48 hours notice before any
test is to be conducted.\] \[The Contractor shall make arrangements for
a certified independent testing laboratory, according to the
requirements of Section 01458 - Testing Laboratory Services, to perform
the required testing, recording, and distributing of the results.\]

B. Sampling and Testing: \[These requirements apply when the Contractor
manufactures the bituminous concrete.\]

1\. Sampling:

a\. Aggregates at Source: Prior to production and delivery of
aggregates, take at least one initial sample in accordance with ASTM D
75 \[at the source\] \[from each stockpile\]. Collect each sample by
taking three incremental samples at random from the source material to
make a composite sample of not less than 50 pounds. Make repetition of
the above sampling when the source of material is changed or when
unacceptable deficiencies or variations from the specified grading of
materials are found in testing.

b\. Cold Feed Aggregate Sampling: Take two samples daily from the belt
conveying materials from the cold feed. Collect materials in three
increments at random to make a representative composite sample of not
less than (50 pounds). Take samples in accordance with ASTM D 75.

c\. Coarse and Fine Aggregates: Take a (50‑pound) sample from the cold
feed at least once daily for sieve analyses and specific gravity tests.
Additional samples may be required to perform more frequent tests when
analyses show deficiencies, or unacceptable variances or deviations. The
method of sampling is as described herein for aggregates.

d\. Mineral Filler: ASTM C 183. Take samples large enough to provide
ample material for testing.

e\. Pavement and Mixture: Take samples for the determination of mix
properties, thickness and density of the completed pavements. Furnish
all tools, labor and material for samples and for satisfactory
replacement of pavement. Take samples and test at not less than
frequency specified hereinafter and at the beginning of plant
operations; for each day\'s work as a minimum; each change in the mix or
equipment; and as often as directed. Accomplish sampling according to
ASTM D 979.

f\. Sample Identification: Furnish each sample in a clean container,
securely fastened to prevent loss of material. Tag each sample for
identification. The tag shall contain the following information:

Contract No.[ ]{.underline}

Sample No.[ ]{.underline} Quantity[ ]{.underline}

Date of Sample[ ]{.underline}

Sample[ ]{.underline}

Source[ ]{.underline}

Intended Use[ ]{.underline}

For Testing[ ]{.underline}

C. Testing Laboratory: The Contractor shall provide a testing laboratory
for control and acceptance testing functions during periods of mix
production, sampling, and testing and whenever materials subject to the
provisions of these specifications are being supplied or tested. The
laboratory shall provide adequate equipment, space, and utilities as
required for the performance of the specified tests.

[PART 3: EXECUTION]{.underline}

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Surface Preparation of Underlying Course: Prior to the laying of the
asphalt concrete, clean underlying course of all foreign or
objectionable matter with power blowers or power brooms, supplemented by
hand brooms and other cleaning methods where necessary.

B. Preparation of Aggregate Surfaces: Immediately before priming an
aggregate surface with bitumen, the Contracting Officer may order a
light application of water to lay dust and improve the absorbency of the
surface.

C. Preparation of Bituminized or Concreted Surfaces: All holes in
existing surface shall be patched with appropriate material. If so
directed by the Contracting Officer, the surface shall be cleaned with a
power broom or power blower supplemented by hand sweeping as required to
remove deleterious matter. The edges of existing pavement, which are to
be adjacent to new pavement, shall be cleaned of loose material to
permit adhesion of the bitumen.

D. Prime Coat: Furnish and apply a bituminous tack/prime coat over
existing asphalt surface and/or base course at a coverage of \[0.07\]
gallons per square yard and (\[0.40\] gallons per square yard),
respectively. Bituminous material shall be as stated in Bid Schedule and
applied by a self‑powered pressure distributor when the road surface is
(70 degrees F) or more and when the weather is not foggy or rainy. Allow
prime coat on base courses to dry for 24 hours and maintain free from
traffic. Absorb any excess material with sand. Emulsified asphalt shall
be diluted 50‑50 with water when used as a tack coat.

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DELETE IF THE CONTRACTOR IS NOT MAKING THE ASPHALT HOT MIX.

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E. Preparation of Mineral Aggregates: Place each component of the
various‑sized aggregates to be blended in preparation of the bituminous
mixture in separate stockpiles in such manner that the separate sizes
will not be intermixed. Stockpile various‑sized aggregates in uniform
layers by use of a clamshell or other approved method in such manner as
to prevent segregation. The use of bulldozers in stockpiling of
aggregate or in feeding aggregate to the dryer is not permitted. Feed
aggregate into the cold elevator by means of separate mechanical feeders
in a manner that will produce an aggregate graded within the
requirements of the job‑mix formulas and tolerances specified. Regulate
rates of feed of the aggregates so that moisture content and temperature
of aggregates are within the tolerances specified herein. Dry and heat
aggregates to the temperature necessary to achieve the mixture
determined by the job mix formula within the job tolerance specified.
Provide adequate dry storage for the mineral filler.

F. Preparation of Bituminous Mixture: Accurately weigh or gauge the
aggregates and the dry mineral filler and convey into the mixer in the
proportionate amounts of each aggregate size required to meet the
job‑mix formula. Introduce required amount of asphalt into the mixer at
a temperature at which it can be applied uniformly to the aggregate but
not to exceed (325 degrees F). In batch mixing, after the aggregates and
mineral filler have been introduced into the mixer and mixed for not
less than 15 seconds, add asphalt by spraying or other approved methods,
and continue mixing for a period of not less than 20 seconds or as much
longer as may be required to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The time
required to add or spray the asphalt into the mixer will not be added to
the total wet‑mixing time provided this operation does not exceed 10
seconds and a homogeneous mixture is obtained. When a continuous mixer
is employed, the mixing time shall be more than 35 seconds to obtain a
homogeneous mixture. The additional mixing time, when required, will be
as directed. The temperature of the mixture at the time of discharge
shall not exceed (\[350\] degrees F). The temperature of the aggregate
and mineral filler in the mixer shall not exceed (350 degrees F) when
the asphalt is added. When the mixture is prepared in a twin‑pugmill
mixer, the volume of the aggregates, mineral filler, and asphalt shall
not extend above the tips of the mixer blades when the blades are in a
vertical position. Overheated and carbonized mixtures, or mixtures that
foam or show indication of free moisture, will be rejected. When free
moisture is detected in batch or continuous mix plant produced mixtures,
withdraw the aggregates in the hot bins immediately and return to the
respective stockpiles. Moisture content of aggregates placed into
drum‑dryer plants shall not exceed \[8%\] by weight of aggregates.
Moisture content of the mixture from drum‑dryer plants shall not exceed
\[3%\] of the output, as determined by ASTM D 1461.

3.2 APPLICATION

A. Placing of Bituminous Material: The pavement shall consist of hot
mineral aggregate uniformly mixed with hot bituminous material. Place
the pavement in one or more layers, as indicated. Except as otherwise
permitted by the Contracting Officer, provide lines and grade stakes as
necessary for control. Place grade stakes in lanes parallel to the
center line of the areas to be paved and suitably spaced for string
lining.

B. Bituminous Mixing Plant: Plants used for the preparation of
bituminous mixtures shall conform to AASHTO M 156 and to local or state
highway department requirements. The bituminous mixture when required
shall be weighed on approved scales or on public scales at the
Contractor\'s expense.

C. Transportation of Bituminous Mixtures: Transport bituminous material
from the mixing plant to the paving site in trucks having tight, clean,
smooth beds that have been coated with a minimum amount of concentrated
solution of hydrated lime and water or other approved coating to prevent
adhesion of the mixture to the truck bodies. Petroleum products will not
be permitted for coating truck bodies. If air temperature is less than
60 degrees F or if haul time is greater than 30 minutes, cover each load
with canvas or other approved material of ample size to protect the
mixture from the loss of heat. Make deliveries so that the spreading and
rolling of all the mixture prepared for one day\'s run can be completed
during daylight, unless adequate approved artificial lighting is
provided. Deliver mixture to the area to be paved in such a manner that
the temperature at the time of dumping into the spreader will be higher
than that specified herein. Reject any loads that are below minimum
temperature, that have crusts of cold unworkable material, or that have
been wet excessively by rain. Hauling over freshly laid material is not
permitted.

D. General Requirements for Use of Bituminous Spreaders: The range of
temperatures of the mixtures at the time of spreading shall be between
(\[250\] and 300 degrees F). Bituminous concrete having temperatures
less than minimum spreading temperature when dumped into the spreader
will be rejected. Adjust spreader and regulate speed so that the surface
of the course is smooth and continuous without tears and pulling, and of
such depth that, when compacted, the surface conforms with the cross
section, grade, and contour indicated. Unless otherwise directed, begin
the placing along the centerline of areas to be paved on a crowned
section or on the high side of area with a one‑way slope, and in the
direction of the major traffic flow. Place mixture in consecutive
adjacent strips having a minimum width of 10 feet, except where the edge
lanes require strips less than (10 feet) to complete the area. The
thickness of the asphalt mat shall be \[\[\_\_\_\_\] inches.\] \[as
indicated on the drawings.\] Construct longitudinal joints and edges to
true line markings. Establish lines parallel to the centerline of the
area to be paved, and place string lines coinciding with the established
lines for the spreading machine to follow. The number and location of
the lines shall be as directed. When specified grade and smoothness
requirements can be met for initial lane construction by use of an
approved long ski‑type device of not less than (\[30\] feet) in length
and for subsequent lane construction by use of a short ski or shoe,
in‑place string lines for grade control may be omitted. Place mixture as
nearly continuous as possible, and adjust the speed of placing as
directed, to permit proper rolling.

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THE MAXIMUM DISCHARGE TEMPERATURE OF THE ASPHALT MIXTURE SHALL BE
SPECIFIED AS FOLLOWS:

[ Asphalt Cement Used Max. Mixture Discharge Temp. Degrees
F.]{.underline}

Penetration Grade

60‑70 335

85‑100 325

120‑150 310

Viscosity Grade

AC‑5 295

AC‑10 315

AC‑20 330

AC‑40 340

AR‑2000 325

AR‑4000 325

AR‑8000 325

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E. Placing of Bituminous Material: The pavement shall consist of hot
mineral aggregate uniformly mixed with hot bituminous material. Place
the pavement in one or more layers, as indicated. Except as otherwise
permitted by the Contracting Officer, provide lines and grade stakes as
necessary for control. Place grade stakes in lanes parallel to the
center line of the areas to be paved and suitably spaced for string
lining.

F. Shoveling, Raking, and Tamping After Machine‑spreading: A sufficient
number of shovelers and rakers shall follow the spreading machine adding
or removing hot mixture and raking the mixture as required to obtain a
course that when completed will conform to all requirements specified
herein. Broadcasting or fanning of mixture over areas being compacted is
not permitted. When segregation occurs in the mixture during placing,
suspend spreading operation until the cause is determined and corrected.
Correct any irregularities in alinement left by the spreader by trimming
directly behind the machine. Immediately after trimming, compact edges
of the course by tamping laterally with a metal lute or by other
approved methods. Distortion of the course during tamping is not
permitted.

G. Hand‑spreading in Lieu of Machine‑spreading: In areas where the use
of machine spreading is impractical, spread mixture by hand. The range
of temperatures of the mixtures when dumped onto the area to be paved
shall be between (\[250\] and 300 degrees F). Bituminous concrete having
temperatures less than minimum spreading temperature when dumped onto
the area to be paved will be rejected. Spread mixture with hot rakes in
a uniformly loose layer of a thickness that, when compacted, will
conform to the required grade, thickness, and smoothness. During hand
spreading, place each shovelful of mixture by turning the shovel over in
a manner that will prevent segregation. In no case shall the mixture be
placed by throwing or broadcasting from a shovel. Do not dump loads any
faster than can be properly handled by the shovelers and rakers.

H. Compaction of Mixture: Affect compaction by rolling. Begin rolling as
soon as placement of the mixture will bear the rollers without undue
displacement. Start rolling longitudinally at the extreme sides of the
lanes and proceed toward the center of the pavement, or toward the high
side of the pavement with a one‑way slope. Operate rollers so that each
trip will overlap the previous adjacent strip by at least one foot.
Alternate trips of the roller shall be of slightly different lengths.
Tests for conformity with the specified crown, grade and smoothness
shall be made by the Contractor immediately after initial rolling.
Before continuing the rolling, correct variations by removing or adding
materials as necessary. If directed by the Contracting Officer, subject
course to diagonal rolling with the steel wheeled roller crossing the
lines of the previous rolling while the mixture is hot and in a
compactable condition. The speed of the rollers shall be slow enough to
avoid displacement of the hot mixture. Correct any displacement of the
mixture at once by the use of rakes and fresh mixture, or remove and
replace mixture as directed by the Contracting Officer. Continue rolling
until all roller marks are eliminated and the course has a density of at
least \[95\]% but not more than 100% of that attained in a laboratory
specimen of the same mixture prepared in accordance with ASTM D 1559.
During rolling, moisten wheels of the rollers to prevent adhesion of the
mixture to the wheels, but an excess of water creating puddles on the
fresh asphalt is not permitted. Operation of rollers shall be by
competent and experienced operators. Provide sufficient rollers for each
spreading machine in operation on the job and to handle plant output. In
all places not accessible to the rollers, compact mixture thoroughly
with moistened hand tampers. Skin patching of an area after compaction
is not permitted. Remove any mixture that becomes mixed with foreign
material or is defective, replace with fresh mixture, and compact to the
density of the surrounding area. The roller shall pass over the
unprotected edge of the course only when the laying of the course is to
be discontinued for such length of time as to permit the mixture to
become cold.

I. Joints: All joints shall present the same texture, density, and
smoothness as other portions of the course. Carefully make joints
between old and new pavement or within new pavements in a manner as to
ensure a thorough and continuous bond between old and new sections of
the course. Paint all vertical contact surfaces of previously
constructed sections with a thin uniform coat of emulsion or other
approved bituminous material just before the fresh mixture is placed.

1\. Transverse Joints: The roller shall pass over the unprotected end of
the freshly laid mixture only when the laying of the course is to be
discontinued. Except when an approved bulkhead is used, cut back the
edge of the previously laid course to expose an even, vertical surface
for the full thickness of the course. When exposed, rake fresh mixture
against joints, thoroughly tamp with hot tampers, smooth with hot
smoothers, and roll. In all cases, transverse joints in adjacent lanes
shall be offset a minimum of two feet.

3.3 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

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A: DELETE IF THE CONTRACTOR IS NOT MAKING THE ASPHALT HOT MIX.

C AND E: SEE TABLE III FOR MINIMUM SPREADING TEMPERATURE DEPENDING ON
TEMPERATURE OF EXISTING BASE COURSE AND THICKNESS OF LAYER BEING PLACED.
THE SPECIFIER MUST KNOW THE FIELD TEST DENSITY OF THE ASPHALT TO COMPARE
TO THE LABORATORY TEST IN ORDER TO CALCULATE THE TONNAGE REQUIREMENTS
FOR ANY AREA OF PAVING AT A SPECIFIED THICKNESS. THICKNESS IS SPECIFIED
IN 3.03C OR ON THE DRAWINGS.

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A. Testing: \[The Government will perform the required testing,
recording, and distributing of the results.\] \[The Government will make
arrangements for a certified independent testing laboratory to perform
the required testing, recording, and distributing of the results.\]
\[The Contractor shall conduct the performance and acceptance tests of
the
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\].\]
\[The Contractor shall furnish necessary equipment, labor, and materials
to conduct the testing.\] \[Testing shall be conducted in the presence
of the Contracting Officer who shall be given 48 hours notice before any
test is to be conducted.\] \[The Contractor shall make arrangements for
a certified independent testing laboratory, according to the
requirements of Section 01458 - Testing Laboratory Services, to perform
the required testing, recording, and distributing of the results.\]

B. Testing: The following tests shall be performed on the asphalt and
the Contractor shall furnish certified test results to the Contracting
Officer.

1\. Aggregates: Gradation tests shall be according to ASTM C 136.
Mineral filler shall be tested according to ASTM D 546.

2\. Abrasion: Shall be according to ASTM C 131 for wear (Los Angeles
test). Perform one test initially prior to incorporation into the work
and whenever the source is changed.

3\. Bituminous Materials: A certificate of compliance is required for
each shipment of bituminous material to be used in the mix.

4\. Bituminous Mix: Shall be according to ASTM D 2172. Test one sample
for each 500 tons, or fraction thereof, of the uncompacted mix for
extraction. Sieve analysis shall be according to ASTM C 136 and C 117.
Test one sample for each \[500\] tons or fraction thereof for stability
and flow according to ASTM D 1559. Test one sample per material blend
for index of retained strength according to ASTM D 1075.

5\. Pavement Courses:

a\. Density: For each \[1000\] tons of bituminous course placed,
determine the representative laboratory density by averaging the density
of four laboratory specimens prepared in accordance with ASTM D 1559;
samples for these specimens shall be taken from trucks delivering
mixture to the site; the Contractor shall record in an approved manner
the project areas represented by the laboratory densities. From each
representative area so recorded, determine field density of the pavement
by averaging the densities of (4‑inch) diameter cores obtained from the
\[leveling\] \[binder and\] wearing course\[s\]; take one core for each
(\[2000\] square yards) or fraction thereof of course placed. The
density of the laboratory prepared specimens and the cored samples will
be determined in accordance with ASTM D 1188 or D 2726, as applicable.
Separate pavement layers by sawing or other approved means. The maximum
allowable deficiency at any point shall not be more than two percent
less than the specified density for any course. The average density of
each course shall be not less than the specified density. When the
deficiency is more than the specified tolerances, the Contractor shall
correct each such representative area or areas by removing the pavement
in question and replacing with new pavement.

b\. Thickness: Determine thickness of the \[binder and\] wearing courses
from samples taken for the field density test. The maximum allowable
deficiency at any point shall not be more than (1/4 inch) less than the
indicated thickness for any course. The average thickness of the course
or of the combined courses shall be not less than the indicated
thickness. Where the deficiency is more than the specified tolerances,
the Contractor shall correct each such representative area or areas by
removing the pavement in question and replacing with new pavement.

c\. Smoothness: Straightedge test the compacted surface of the
\[leveling\], \[binder and\] wearing course\[s\] as the work progresses.
Apply straightedge parallel with and at right angles to the centerline
after final rolling. Unevenness of the \[leveling and\] \[binder\]
course shall not vary more than plus or minus (\[1/4\] inch in 10 feet);
variations in the wearing course shall not vary more than plus or minus
(\[1/8\] inch in 10 feet). Correct any portion of the pavement showing
irregularities greater than that specified.

d\. Finished Grades: The finish grades of each course placed shall not
vary from the finish elevations, profiles and cross sections indicated
on the drawings by more than (1/2‑inch). The finished surface of the
final wearing course will be tested \[by the Contracting Officer\] by
running lines of levels at intervals of \[25\] \[\_\_\_\_\_\] feet or
less longitudinally and transversely to determine elevations of
completed pavement. Within 45 days after completion of final placement,
\[the Contractor shall perform a level survey at the specified grid
spacing and plot the results on a plan drawn to the same scale as the
drawings. Elevations not in conformance with the specified tolerance
shall be noted on the plan in an approved manner. The survey shall be
performed by a registered land surveyor.\] \[the Contracting Officer
will inform the Contractor in writing of all paved areas that fail to
meet the final grades indicated within the specified tolerance.\] The
Contractor shall correct deficient paved areas by removing existing work
and replacing with new materials meeting the specifications without
additional cost to the Government. Skin patching for correcting low
areas will not be permitted.

3.4 CLEANING

A. Requirements: The Contractor shall be responsible for cleanup of all
waste, spilled, and excess material as a result of his work.

3.5 PROTECTION

A. Traffic Control: \[The Contractor shall provide for controls to
prevent unauthorized traffic in or on work areas until those areas are
suitably prepared for traffic.\] \[Vehicular\] \[and\] \[aircraft\]
\[traffic, including heavy equipment, shall not be permitted on the
pavement until the surface temperature has cooled to at least (120
degrees F). Surface temperature shall be measured by approved surface
thermometers or other methods approved by the Contracting Officer.\]
\[Traffic regulation shall be according to Section 01500 - Temporary
Facilities and Controls.\]

[PART 4: MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT]{.underline}

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WHEN A \"LUMP SUM\" CONTRACT IS USED, DELETE THE TITLE PART 4:
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT, AND BOTH ARTICLES FROM THIS SECTION.
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT WILL BE ADDRESSED IN PART 4 OF SECTION 01009
-GENERAL INFORMATION AND REQUIREMENTS OR SECTION 01010 - SUMMARY OF
WORK.

WHEN NOT A \"LUMP SUM\" CONTRACT, SELECT APPLICABLE PHRASES; USE THE
\"NO MEASUREMENT\" PHRASE WHEN NONE OF THE PAY ITEMS IN THIS SECTION ARE
INCLUDED IN THE BID SCHEDULE.

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4.1 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

A. Units: Bituminous mixtures will \[not be measured for payment.\]
\[be\] \[measured and paid for by the\] \[ton.\] \[by the square yard.\]
\[as calculated from the drawings.\] \[as measured from weight
tickets.\] \[When measurement is by the square yard, it will be the
number of square yards of bituminous plant mix surfacing completed to
specified thickness and accepted as measured in place.\] \[Asphalt
placed in excess of requirements will not be compensated.\] \[Tack coat
shall be \[included in the cost of the pavement.\] \[paid for separately
by the (\[gallon.\] \[square yard.\]\])

4.2 BASIS OF PAYMENT

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WHEN NOT A \"LUMP SUM\" CONTRACT, SELECT APPLICABLE PHRASES; USE THE
\"NO DIRECT PAYMENT\" PHRASE WHEN NONE OF THE PAY ITEMS IN THIS SECTION
ARE INCLUDED IN THE BID SCHEDULE.

WHEN NOT A \"LUMP SUM\" CONTRACT AND PAYMENT IS TO BE MADE UNDER THIS
SECTION, SELECT APPLICABLE PAY ITEMS. DO NOT CHANGE PAY ITEM NUMBER.
WHEN GOVERNMENT-FURNISHED PROPERTY IS SPECIFIED FOR PAY ITEMS, THE
LETTER SUFFIX GF WILL BE ADDED AFTER THE PARENTHESIS OF THE ITEM NUMBER.

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A. Payment: \[No direct payment for the work described under this
section will be made. Consideration for this item shall be included in
the bid price for other items of the Contract.\] \[Prices and payment
will be full compensation for the work described in this section.
Payment will be made under:\]

[Pay Item]{.underline} [Pay Unit]{.underline}

02743A(01) Hot Bituminous Concrete Pavement, Grading A Ton

02743A(02) Hot Bituminous Concrete Pavement, Grading A Square Yard

02743A(10) Hot Bituminous Concrete Pavement, Grading B Ton

02743A(11) Hot Bituminous Concrete Pavement, Grading B Square Yard

02743A(20) Hot Bituminous Concrete Pavement, Grading C Ton

02743A(21) Hot Bituminous Concrete Pavement, Grading C Square Yard

02743A(30) Hot Bituminous Concrete Pavement, Grading D Ton

02743A(31) Hot Bituminous Concrete Pavement, Grading D Square Yard

02743A(40) Hot Bituminous Concrete Pavement, Grading E Ton

02743A(41) Hot Bituminous Concrete Pavement, Grading E Square Yard

02743A(50) Hot Bituminous Concrete Pavement, Grading F Ton

02743A(51) Hot Bituminous Concrete Pavement, Grading F Square Yard

02743A(60) Hot Bituminous Concrete Pavement, Grading G Ton

02743A(61) Hot Bituminous Concrete Pavement, Grading G Square Yard

02743A(70) Tack Coat Gallon

02743A(71) Tack Coat Square Yard

END OF SECTION