\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*

READ AND **REMOVE THIS PAGE** BEFORE PLACING

THE SPECIFICATION SECTION IN THE CONTRACT

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[DIVISION 2: SITEWORK]{.underline}

SECTION 02231 ‑ CLEARING AND GRUBBING

USE: Clearing and grubbing of areas for fences, roadways, parking areas,
pipelines, and structures.

**NOTES TO SPECIFIER:**

A. Options within paragraphs are identified by enclosure in brackets;
blank spaces enclosed by brackets \[[ ]{.underline}\] provide for
information to be inserted, as appropriate to individual projects.

B. **TO AVOID CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS AND COSTLY MISTAKES,** the
specifier must edit (delete, substitute or add to the text). The
remaining paragraphs must be renumbered.

C. DELETE FOR FINAL COPY: Notes to the Specifier, located between lines
of asterisks; all \[brackets\], [underlining]{.underline}, **boldface,
**and *italics* within the paragraphs; and this page. (Open Reveal Codes
\[alt F3\] to do this accurately).

D. [To Edit "(Footer B)":]{.underline} (Corel 8). **ENTIRE FOOTER SHOULD
BE BOLDED. **Click in the footer and delete the "Project Name (ftr B)"
text and replace it with the **Name Of The Project (upper/lower case).**
Replace date with current MM/YY (WITHOUT BRACKETS).

E. The Guide Specifications are intended to be continuously reviewed and
revised. User's technical comments are appreciated. Also, other related
or similar specifications that are written "from scratch" that could
benefit others, or other questions can be sent to NSTC A/E Group, ST-110
or call (303) 987-6851.

F. DESIGN NOTES:

1\. **DRAWING DATA REQUIRED:**

Indicate limits of clearing and grubbing.

**REVISIONS OF THIS SECTION:**

CSI format, editorial changes 7/01

Metric: 9/99

Technical Update: 7/00

**SECTION 02231**

**CLEARING AND GRUBBING**

**[PART 1: GENERAL]{.underline}**

**1.1 SUMMARY**

**A. Section Includes: Clearing of vegetation, and grubbing of stumps,
roots, and debris; disposal of unutilized materials; and other
incidental work related to preparing the site for later use.**

**B. Related Sections:**

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**LIST ITEMS OF WORK THAT MIGHT LOGICALLY BE FURNISHED AND INSTALLED
UNDER THIS SECTION, BUT INSTEAD ARE SPECIFIED IN ANOTHER SECTION. THIS
ARTICLE IS RARELY REQUIRED.**

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**General Information and Requirements Section 01009**

**Summary of Work Section 01010**

**1.2 DEFINITIONS**

**A. Clearing: Clearing shall consist of the felling, trimming, and
cutting of obstructions such as trees into sections and the satisfactory
disposal of the trees and other surface vegetation designated for
removal, including down timber, snags, brush, and rubbish occurring in
the areas to be cleared.**

**B. Grubbing: Grubbing shall consist of the removal and disposal of
below-surface stumps, roots larger than 3-inches (75 millimeters) in
diameter, and matted roots from the designated grubbing areas.**

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**WHEN THIS SPECIFICATION IS USED FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE REMEDIATIONS,
THIS PARAGRAPH SHOULD DEFINE WHAT MATERIALS GENERATED FROM CLEARING,
GRUBBING, AND TREE REMOVAL ARE CONTAMINATED AND WHAT MATERIALS ARE
NON-CONTAMINATED. THE DECISION ON HOW TO DESIGNATE CONTAMINATED AND
NON-CONTAMINATED MATERIALS MUST BE MADE BY THE APPROPRIATE REGULATORY
AUTHORITIES AND DOCUMENTED IN THE DESIGN ANALYSIS.**

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**C. Hazardous Waste: Substance likely to cause death or injury by
reason of being explosive, flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing,
irritating, or otherwise harmful; and includes, but is not limited to
flammable dust, flammable fiber, combustible liquid, dangerous chemical,
flammable gas, liquified flammable gas, and flammable liquid.**

**1.3 PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS**

**A. Work Limits: \[Area to be cleared and grubbed will be the
excavation area.\] \[Work limits will be staked and control points
established by the Government.\] \[Total width of clearing shall not
exceed (\[[ ]{.underline}[ ]{.underline}[ ]{.underline}\] feet) (\[[
]{.underline}\] mm). This width will be \[to one side of\] \[from the
centerline of\] the \[pipeline\] \[roadway\]. Scalping of topsoil during
clearing operations will not be permitted.**

**B. Burning of Slash: Shall not be permitted.**

**C. Landscape Preservation: Protect vegetation outside the work limits
from injury. Existing trees and shrubs shall not be disturbed or
damaged.**

**1.4 SUBMITTALS**

**A. Tree Wound Paint: Submit three copies of manufacturer\'s literature
and one container of tree wound paint that is to be used on this
project.**

**B. Herbicide: Submit three copies of manufacturer\'s literature and
one container of herbicide to be used on this project.**

**C. Records: Submit three copies of written permission to dispose of
materials other than salable timber on private property.**

**[PART 2: PRODUCTS]{.underline}**

**2.1 PREPARED PRODUCTS**

**A. Tree Wound Paint: Bituminous based material of standard manufacture
specially formulated for tree wounds.**

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**SPECIFY GENERIC NAME. SPRAYING OF HERBICIDES SHOULD NOT BE PERMITTED
NEAR VEGETATION THAT IS TO BE SAVED; IF DEEMED NECESSARY, THIS MAY BE
MADE MORE CONTROLLABLE BY CAREFUL SELECTION OF HERBICIDES. HERBICIDES
SHOULD BE USED WITH CAUTION ON HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES BECAUSE THEY CAN
CONTRIBUTE TO SITE CONTAMINATION. IF A HERBICIDE IS USED TO CONTROL
VEGETATIVE GROWTH, ONE SHOULD BE SPECIFIED WHICH WILL NOT CONTRIBUTE TO
CONTAMINATION. RECOMMENDED TYPES AND RATE OF COVERAGE SHOULD BE OBTAINED
FROM RECOGNIZED AUTHORITIES. WHEN GRUBBING IS INCLUDED, DELETE
REQUIREMENTS FOR HERBICIDES.**

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**B. Herbicide: Comply with Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act, Title 7 U.S.C. Section 136, for requirements on
Contractor licensing, certification, and record keeping.**

**2.2 EQUIPMENT**

**A. Spark Arresters: Shall meet the requirements of the U.S. Forest
Service Spark Arrester Guide, Volume 2, dated 1993.**

**[PART 3: EXECUTION]{.underline}**

**3.1 PROTECTION**

**A. Roads and Walks: Keep roads and walks free of dirt and debris at
all times.**

**B. Trees, Shrubs, and Existing Facilities: Protection shall be
according to Section 01500 - Temporary Facilities and Controls.**

**C. Utility Lines: Protect existing utility lines that are indicated to
remain from damage. Notify the Contracting Officer immediately of damage
to or an encounter with an unknown existing utility line. The Contractor
shall be responsible for the repairs of damage to existing utility lines
that are indicated or made known to the Contractor prior to the start of
clearing and grubbing operations. When utility lines which are to be
removed are encountered within the area of operations, the Contractor
shall notify the Contracting Officer 72 hours prior to interruption of
the service.**

**3.2 CLEARING**

**A. Requirements: Clear trees, stumps, roots, brush, and other
vegetation in areas to be graded; cut off flush with or below the
original ground surface, except such trees and vegetation indicated or
directed to be left standing. Trees designated to be left standing
within the cleared areas shall be trimmed of dead branches 1‑1/2 inches
(40 mm) and shall be trimmed of all branches the heights indicated on
the drawings and \[directed by the Contracting Officer.\] Limbs and
branches to be trimmed shall be neatly cut close to the bole of the tree
or main branches. Cuts more than 1-1/2 inches (40 mm) in diameter shall
be painted with an approved tree-wound paint. Trees and vegetation to be
left standing shall be protected from damage incident to clearing,
grubbing, and construction operations by the erection of barriers or by
such other means as the circumstances require. \[Clearing shall also
include the removal and disposal of existing obstructions that obtrude,
encroach upon, or otherwise obstruct the work\].**

**3.3 GRUBBING**

**A. Requirements: Material to be grubbed, together with logs and other
organic or metallic debris not suitable for foundation purposes, shall
be removed to a depth of not less than 18 inches (450 mm) below the
original surface level of the ground in areas indicated to be grubbed
and in areas indicated as construction areas under this contract, such
as areas for buildings, and areas to be paved. Depressions made by
grubbing shall be filled with suitable material and compacted to make
the surface conform with the original adjacent surface of the ground. **

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES, THE AMOUNT OF GRUBBING PERFORMED IN
CONTAMINATED AREAS SHOULD BE MINIMIZED DUE TO POTENTIAL ADDED COSTS FOR
DISPOSAL OF CONTAMINATED MATERIALS AND HEALTH AND SAFETY CONCERNS.**

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**B. Low Embankment Areas: When the finished subgrade is less than
3 feet (1 m) above the original ground, remove stumps, roots, and debris
to a minimum of 6 inches (150 mm) below the original ground. Backfill
stump and root holes with approved material and compact before placing
embankment material.**

**C. High Embankment Areas: When the finished subgrade is 3 feet (1 m)
or more from the original ground, stumps may be cut flush and left in
place. Removal of undisturbed stumps and roots and nonperishable solid
objects will not be required. The surface of the original ground shall
be scarified before starting the embankment operation.**

**3.4 EXPLOSIVES**

**A. Requirements: \[Use of explosives shall be according to Section
02302 ‑ Explosives.\] \[The use of explosives is prohibited\].**

**3.5 SALVAGE**

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**WHEN THIS SPECIFICATION IS BEING USED FOR THE REMEDIATION OF HAZARDOUS
WASTE SITES, THIS PARAGRAPH SHOULD DEFINE HOW BOTH CONTAMINATED AND
NON-CONTAMINATED MATERIALS WILL BE DISPOSED OF. AT HAZARDOUS WASTE
SITES, TIMBER REMOVED FROM AREAS OF CONTAMINATION IS NORMALLY NOT
SALABLE DUE TO LIABILITY CONCERNS.**

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**A. Trees and Limbs, 8‑inch (200 mm) Diameter and Larger: \[Trim limbs,
cut into approved log lengths, and stockpile where directed.\] \[The
stockpiled materials will remain the property of the Government.\]**

**B. Trees and Limbs, 3‑inch to 8‑inch (75 mm to 200 mm) Diameter: \[Cut
logs into 4‑foot (1200 mm) lengths and stack where directed.\] \[The
stockpiled material will remain the property of the Government.\]**

**3.6 DISPOSAL**

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**WHEN THE TIMBER THAT CAN BE OBTAINED FROM FELLED TREES IS NOT OF
SUFFICIENT COMMERCIAL VALUE TO WARRANT SALVAGING, THE CONTRACTOR SHOULD
BE PERMITTED EITHER TO MAKE USE OF OR TO DISPOSE OF SUCH TIMBER IN AN
APPROVED MANNER.**

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**A. Requirements: Material that is not to be salvaged shall be
\[removed from the project site and legally disposed of off
government-controlled lands.\] \[deposited in and covered with earth in
waste areas as indicated on the project drawings.\] \[disposed of by a
combination of burying and removal.\] \[Burning will not be
permitted.\]**

**[PART 4: MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT]{.underline}**

4.1 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

WHEN A \"LUMP SUM\" CONTRACT IS USED, DELETE THE TITLE PART 4:
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT, AND BOTH ARTICLES FROM THIS SPECIFICATION
SECTION. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT WILL BE ADDRESSED IN PART 4 OF SECTION
01009 - GENERAL INFORMATION AND REQUIREMENTS OR SECTION 01010 - SUMMARY
OF WORK.

WHEN NOT A \"LUMP SUM\" CONTRACT, SELECT APPLICABLE PHRASES; USE THE
\"NO MEASUREMENT\" PHRASE WHEN NONE OF THE PAY ITEMS IN THE
SPECIFICATION ARE INCLUDED IN THE BID SCHEDULE.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

A. Units: The work described in this section will \[not be measured for
payment.\] \[be measured and paid for\] \[on a lump sum basis.\] \[by
the number of acres (hectares) and fractions of acres (hectares)
measured to the nearest 1/10 acre (1/2 hectare), cleared \[and grubbed\]
within the work limits specified.\]

1\. Areas of light brush, shrubs, and other vegetation that can be cut
with a brush hook, scythe, or mowing machine will not be measured as
clearing.

2\. Areas where trees roots and timber are less than 3 inches (75 mm) in
diameter and areas where roots of brush, shrubs, and other vegetation
can be removed by plowing will not be measured as grubbing.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

INCLUDE THIS PARAGRAPH WHEN REMOVAL OF ONLY SCATTERED TREES IS REQUIRED;
AND PAYMENT BY THE HECTARE (ACRE) WOULD RESULT IN EXCESSIVE COST TO THE
GOVERNMENT. ADD A PAY SCHEDULE SIMILAR TO THE FOLLOWING:

02231 (04) Tree Removal 3 to 11 inches (100 to 280 mm) diameter each

02231 (05) Tree Removal 12 to 35 inches (300 to 890 mm) diameter each

02231 (06) Tree Removal 36 inches (910 mm) or larger diameter each

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

3\. Tree Removal: Tree removal will be measured by the number of trees
of stated sizes removed from areas outside the clearing and grubbing
areas. The size will be determined by the average diameter of the trunk
2 feet (600 mm) above the ground line.

a\. The size of stumps designated for removal as trees will be
determined by the diameter of the trunk 1 foot (300 mm) above the ground
line. The diameter will be measured to the nearest 25 millimeter (full
inch).

4.2 BASIS OF PAYMENT

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*WHEN
NOT A "LUMP SUM" CONTRACT, SELECT APPLICABLE PHRASES; USE THE "NO DIRECT
PAYMENT" PHRASE WHEN NONE OF THE PAY ITEMS IN THIS SECTION ARE INCLUDED
IN THE BID SCHEDULE.

WHEN NOT A "LUMP SUM" CONTRACT AND PAYMENT IS TO BE MADE UNDER THIS
SECTION, SELECT APPLICABLE PAY ITEMS. DO NOT CHANGE PAY ITEM NUMBERS.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

A. Payment: \[No direct payment for the work described under this
section will be made. Consideration for this item shall be included in
the bid price for other items of the Contract.\] \[Prices and payment
will be full compensation for the work described in this section.
Payment will be made under:\]

[Pay Item]{.underline} [Pay Unit]{.underline}

02231(01) Clearing and Grubbing Lump Sum

02231(02) Clearing and Grubbing Hectare

02231(03) Clearing and Grubbing Acre

END OF SECTION