TABLE OF CONTENTS

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READ AND **REMOVE THIS PAGE** BEFORE PLACING

THE SPECIFICATION SECTION IN THE CONTRACT

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[DIVISION 17: SUPPLIES AND SERVICES]{.underline}

BUILDING DESIGN SPECIFICATION NO. 17101

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\* NOTICE TO DESIGNER!! \*

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\* 1. DO NOT USE DIVISION 1 thru 16 SPECIFICATIONS \*

\* WITH THIS SPECIFICATION. \*

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\* 2. Check with procurement personnel for \*

\* wording on the following: \*

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\* Section F - Work Progress \*

\* Section G - Project Inspection \*

\* Section H - Work Hours \*

\* Section J - Drawings \*

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USE: Design buildings, including calculations, drawings, specifications,
and cost estimates.

**NOTES TO SPECIFIER:**

A. Options within paragraphs are identified by enclosure in brackets;
blank spaces enclosed by brackets \[\_\_\_\_\_\] provide for information
to be inserted, as appropriate, to individual projects.

B. **TO AVOID CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS AND COSTLY MISTAKES,** the
specifier must edit (delete, substitute or add to the text). The
remaining paragraphs must be renumbered.

C. DELETE FOR FINAL COPY: Notes to the Specifier, located between lines
of asterisks; all \[brackets\], [underlining]{.underline}, **boldface**,
and *italics*, within the paragraphs; and this page. (Open Reveal Codes
\[alt F3\] to do this accurately.)

D. [To Edit "(Footer B)":]{.underline} (Corel 8). **ENTIRE FOOTER SHOULD
BE BOLDED.** Click in the footer and delete the "Project Name (ftr B)"
text and replace it with the **Name of the Project (upper and lower
case)**. Replace date with current MM/YY (WITHOUT BRACKETS).

E. The Guide Specifications are intended to be continuously reviewed and
revised. User's technical comments are appreciated. Also, other related
or similar specification that are written "from scratch" that could
benefit others, or other questions can be sent to NSTC A/E Group, ST
110, or call (303) 987-6868.

**DRAWING DATA REQUIRED:** Location and detail drawings as needed.

REQUIRED SPEC MODIFICATIONS:

[GENERAL NOTES]{.underline}

1\. Whenever entire articles, paragraphs or subparagraphs are not
applicable, the articles, paragraphs or subparagraphs should be deleted;
when necessary, reletter or renumber articles, paragraphs or
subparagraphs.

2\. THIS GUIDE IS NOT INTENDED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR READING THE ENTIRE
SECTION.

**REVISIONS OF THIS SECTION:**

CSI format, editorial changes: 12/01

Metric:

Technical Update: 06/92

SECTION C

BUILDING DESIGN SPECIFICATION NO. 17101, Rev. 6-92

C.6.0 MECHANICAL

C.6.1 Scope : This subsection provides the objectives and criteria for
designing \[piping,\] \[fire protection,\] \[plumbing,\] \[heating,
ventilating and air-conditioning,\] \[air distribution\] \[systems,\]
\[pneumatic\] \[controls\], \[and\] \[testing, adjusting, and balancing
procedures.\]

C.6.2 Economic Analysis : Integrated economic analysis is required for
heating, refrigerating, and electrical systems that utilize a four-pipe
hydronic system with chillers, boilers, and fan coil units.

C.6.2.1 Energy and Equipment Analysis : Shall be performed and submitted
with the Preliminary Design Submittal. Design endeavor shall be to
minimize energy consumption.

a\. General: The A/E Contractor shall consider the requirement for
heating and refrigeration on an integrated basis. Alternate systems and
heat sources/heat sinks shall be considered such as ground water which
may be available for cooling.

b\. Annual Operating and Maintenance Costs: Shall include wages, parts,
fuel costs and related expenses.

c\. Block Heating and Cooling Load Estimates: Shall include the various
occupancy loads.

d\. Monthly Energy Requirement in BTU\'s: Must be \[separately
itemized\] since all forms of energy use must be \[added\] to arrive at
the BTU/sq. ft./yr. figure.

1\. Fan Horsepower: Estimate for air-handling, refrigeration and heating
units.

2\. Motor Loads From Elevators and Other Equipment: Shall include all
motors not used for Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
fans, including pump motors, elevator motors and similar items.

3\. Base Heating and Cooling Calculations: All areas of the building
except the computer area and the telephone and communication rooms shall
be based on 68 degrees F indoor occupied temperature for heating; 78
degrees F indoor occupied temperature for cooling; the last five year
outside temperature averages; 9 hours per day, 5 days per week building
occupancy; and 55 degrees F indoor unoccupied temperature. Refer to
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\] for the environment in the computer room and
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\] for the telephone and communication rooms.

4\. Heating of Domestic Water: Calculate energy for domestic water
heating based on the estimated total number of people using this
building and the use of water saving fixtures.

5\. Computers: Estimate for all personal computers and related hardware,
computer room air conditioning, telecommunications, and power protection
and conditioning.

6\. Lighting: Shall be based on 9 hours per day, 5 days per week
occupancy. Include outdoor and additional lighting.

e\. Other Energy Sources: \[There is no demand charge for steam.\]
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.\]

f\. Annual Owning and Operating Costs: Shall be calculated using the
\[NBS Handbook, Life-Cycle Cost, Sources for the Federal Energy
Management Program\].

1\. Investment: These should be developed from the latest available
estimate of an installed system. The estimate should include equipment
basic to the system being considered.

2\. Building Space: Include the space requirements for different
mechanical equipment in dollars per square foot per year.

3\. Depreciation and Repair: \[Calculate on a straight-line basis.\]
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.\]

4\. Labor and Service: Make an estimate of manpower required to operate
and maintain the heating and cooling plant. Repair is to be included in
depreciation and repair above.

5\. Energy: Add \"Annual Total\" lighting, electrical and natural gas
energy costs.

g\. Energy and Equipment Selection: Total all items listed above. Do not
include \"Investment\" in \"Total\" costs. Should a combination other
than that with lowest total owing and operating costs be selected,
provide justification for the more expensive selection.

C.6.3.0 Design Calculations : The following calculations are required:

C.6.3.1 Heat Losses : Heat transfer coefficients shall be taken from the
ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals. Infiltration shall be calculated by the
ASHRAE crack method.

C.6.3.2 Heat Gains : Heat transfer coefficients shall be taken from the
ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals.

C.6.3.3 Maximum Load, Sensible Heat Factor (SHF), and Supply Air :
Calculate for each room or zone.

C.6.3.4 Calculation Format : Calculations shall be recorded in a
standard format to permit checking and to provide a reference for system
modification. \[Design calculations shall include, but not be limited
to, indoor and outdoor temperature, heat loss, heat gain, supply and
exhaust ventilation requirements, humidification or dehumidification
requirements, and heat recovered.\] \[Refer to
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,\] for calculations to be
completed for the intermediate review.\]

C.6.4 Design Requirements : The following items shall be considered as
this design is undertaken:

C.6.4.1 Codes and Standards : Work shall be designed to comply with the
Codes and Standards cited in
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\].

C.6.4.2 Construction Specifications : Shall be prepared according to the
standards cited in
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\].

C.6.4.3 Construction Drawings : Shall be prepared according to the
standards cited in
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\].

C.6.4.4 Submittals : Shall be prepared and submitted according to the
requirements cited in
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\].

C.6.4.5 Interference and Conflict : Care shall be taken to avoid
structural interference and conflict between mechanical and electrical
equipment.

C.6.4.6 Coordination : Coordinate with structural engineer to ensure
that structural working drawings show pipe sleeves for pipes passing
through footings, beams, and exterior walls below grade. Drainage piping
required in connection with pressure slabs, and locations of pipes and
sleeves passing through or under pressure slabs, shall be fully
coordinated with the structural design. Piping which penetrates floors
and walls above grade shall use an approved fire rated, waterproof and
smoke proof piping penetration system.

C.6.4.7 Basic Mechanical Materials and Methods : Shall be designed to
accommodate the following:

a\. Clearance: Shall be provided around machines and equipment for
removal of parts for repair or replacement. Door or window openings,
removable panels in building walls, and corridors shall be arranged so
that large machine or equipment parts or sections can be removed and
replaced without structural changes or movement of other equipment.

b\. Lifts: Suitable means shall be provided for lifting and moving
cooler and condenser heads, fan sheaves, pump casings, strainer covers,
motors, gear boxes, compressor casings, and similar parts weighing over
\[50\] pounds.

c\. Catwalks, Ladder, and Chain Wheels: Shall be provided, as required,
in high-ceiling machine rooms. Overhead piping and equipment in
high-ceiling rooms shall, where possible, be arranged to permit grouping
the maximum number of valves and other operating devices within reach of
a short platform, catwalk, ladder or to permit orderly grouping of valve
chains where they will not be a hazardous obstruction.

d\. Doors or Removable Panels: Shall be provided for access to valves or
other equipment (requiring periodic examination) above suspended
ceilings. When, for architectural or other valid reasons, such access
cannot be used, provide either:

1\. Catwalks above the suspended ceilings; or

2\. Concealed ladders located in closets or other suitable spaces.

e\. Water Lines: Shall not be installed over electrical panels.

f\. Environmental Controls: Mechanical systems shall be designed to meet
applicable \[Federal,\] \[State,\] \[and local requirements\] for
abatement and control of air and water pollution, and noise control. In
the event of a difference between \[Federal,\] \[State,\] \[or local\]
requirements, the most stringent shall apply. Refrigerants shall be
HFC-134a which is CFC-free and will not damage the ozone layer.

g\. Hot \[and\] \[or\] Chilled Water and Condenser Piping Systems: Shall
be arranged so that no system or zone operating pressure exceeds \[125\]
psi at any point. This limitation shall be accomplished by use of a
separate converter in each system or zone. Where it is necessary to
exceed a pressure of \[125\] psi, or a temperature of \[220\] degrees F,
special pipe, fittings, valves, and auxiliary equipment shall be
specified.

h\. Valves: Provide valves to isolate equipment (for operation and
repair), including room units and individual risers to room units
(including connectors) to isolate up to \[10\] units. Provide manual
vents at high points, hose-type drain valves at low points, and both in
sections or risers that can be isolated by valves.

i\. Flow Measurement: Suitable devices shall be provided so flow can be
measured in major equipment such as chillers, cooling towers, and
primary and secondary loops. Balancing devices shall be provided to
allow for flow adjustment.

j\. Insulation: Except for condenser water systems, piping systems shall
be insulated. Systems exposed to weather or in utilidors shall be
protected from freezing.

k\. Expansion Tanks and Air Elimination System: Shall be provided for
each closed system.

l\. Make-Up Water: Each piping system shall be provided with a make-up
water connection, for filling purposes, which shall comply with codes.

m\. Chemical Water Treatment: Each water piping system shall be
chemically treated to prevent corrosion, scaling, and biological fouling
deposits of piping systems and related equipment. Chemicals used depend
upon local water conditions; analyses shall be accomplished before
selecting treatment. Cooling tower water (condenser water), if used,
also requires treatment.

n\. Materials Laboratory: Shall be provided with a natural gas outlet,
two sinks with hot and cold water, 3/4 inch garden hose outlet, bunsen
burners, and a ventilation system with hood and fan to exhaust to
outside. Provide protection for the sewer system against the inadvertent
dumping of corrosive materials into the sewer system.

o\. Future Expansion: All mechanical components shall be designed so
that the building can be expanded one story vertically in the future.
The mechanical rooms area shall be sized to accommodate only the
mechanical equipment needed for the building being constructed at this
time.

C.6.4.8 Fire Protection : Halon systems are prohibited. Fire protection
systems shall be designed to accommodate the following:

a\. Coordination: Plumbing systems shall be coordinated with
requirements of fire protection systems, which may include but not be
limited to automatic sprinkler systems, fire pumps, fire hydrants,
mains, branches and fire department connections.

b\. Contamination Prevention: Ensure that potable water for the domestic
system is maintained free from potential contamination. Design shall
require safety precautions, such as backflow preventers and other safety
devices, to protect the domestic water system when or if
cross-connections are made with other systems.

c\. Fire Department Connection: At least \[one\] fire department
connection shall be provided for the building and shall be located so as
to be easily accessible to fire department personnel. Refer to
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\].

d\. Kitchen/Mess Facility: Provide fire suppression system in kitchen or
mess facility over cooking ranges and other cooking areas. Provide any
chemical systems in kitchen areas where required.

e\. Automatic Sprinkler Fire Protection Systems: Shall be designed as a
separate system. It shall not be integrated with heating,
air-conditioning, or unrelated systems. The sprinkler system shall be a
network of \[hydraulically designed\] piping installed in the building.
The sprinkler system shall be designed by personnel specializing in this
work according to NFPA codes. The designer shall recommend the type of
system to be installed at the time of the Preliminary Review.

f\. Coordination: Shall be with the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)
which is the organization, office, or individual responsible for
approving equipment, an installation or a procedure and the Contracting
Officer when designing the fire protection sprinkler system.

g\. Fire Alarm: The system fire alarm shall be tied the
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\] fire alarm computer. \[Refer to
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.\]

h\. Sprinkler System Flow: Shall be monitored and connected to the
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.\]
\[Refer to \[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.\]

i\. Connections to Water System: Shall include, when required, a single
automatically controlled fire pump and accessories sized to provide
design flows and pressure.

j\. Fire Department Connections: Shall be provided for the
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.\] This connection
size and pipe threads shall be coordinated with the
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.\]

C.6.4.9 Plumbing : Shall be designed to accommodate the following:

a\. Sanitary and Storm Systems: Shall be separate systems within the
building. Completely independent systems shall extend at least 2 feet
beyond the exterior wall of a building. The sanitary sewer may be run
\[[ ]{.underline}.\] The storm sewer shall not discharge into the
sanitary sewer. Hazardous wastes from laboratories, or other areas shall
not be discharged into the storm or sanitary sewer systems.

b\. Drywells: Shall be provided for roof drainage.

c\. Roof Drainage: Shall \[not\] discharge into the storm sewer system.
Refer to \[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\].

d\. Thermal Insulation: Requirements for plumbing shall be noted in the
submittals.

e\. Chilled Drinking Water: Shall be provided at \[55\] degrees F. One
drinking water station to include handicap use shall be provided near
toilet rooms. Water shall be chilled by standard package self-contained
drinking water units (electric water coolers).

f\. Fixtures: Faucets, lavatories, flush valves, water closets, and
urinals shall be of the water-saving type, some of which shall be
designed for the physically handicapped.

g\. Floor Drains: Shall be installed in boiler rooms, mechanical
equipment rooms, toilet rooms, and similar areas. Provide a floor drain
located to receive the discharge when draining other mechanical systems.
Floor drains shall be provided with individual traps and designed so
that they are sealed at all times.

h\. Sanitary System: Shall consist of the following:

1\. Piping Materials: See the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC).

2\. Cleanouts: Refer to UPC. Where a cleanout will interfere with
architectural finish of a room, a finished brass cover shall be
installed over the cleanout. Cleanout fittings shall not be installed in
floors of toilet rooms and similar areas.

3\. Sewage Ejectors: These shall not be used when other methods can be
employed to allow gravity flow. Duplex sewage pumps shall be installed.
Pumps shall be nonclog, screenless, ejector type.

4\. Freeze Protection: Suitable freeze protection shall be provided to
ensure reliability for all sanitary sewer systems.

i\. Storm Water Drains: Shall be coordinated with architectural
requirements. Cleanouts shall be provided in storm water lines, as
required for sanitary drain lines.

j\. Roof Drain Systems: Shall be \[located completely within the
structure\] \[according to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\].

k\. Water Supply System: Shall consist of the following:

1\. Chemical Analysis: A chemical analysis of the water supply shall be
obtained from \[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\].

2\. Water Softeners: Shall be installed, when required, for treatment of
water supplied to water heaters, boilers and other equipment where hard
water could be a problem.

3\. Pipe Materials:
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\] should be
consulted regarding the performance of different kinds of pipe in this
particular locality. Where pipes of incompatible materials are joined,
dielectric couplings shall be provided. Coordinate with the Contracting
Officer.

4\. Water Pressure: When street pressures are not adequate to maintain
required pressures for fixtures, provide a \[booster pump,\] \[a
pneumatic system,\] \[a constant pressure,\] \[or maintained pressure
pumping system.\] Compare initial operating and maintenance costs prior
to selecting the pressurizing system.

5\. Service Pipe: Service lines must enter the building in an accessible
location. A swing-type joint shall be provided for a service line at its
entrance to the building unless it is shown in submittals that a
swing-type joint is not required.

6\. Wall Hydrants: Shall be installed so that any part of the building
site may be reached with \[100\] feet of hose without having the hose
cross entrances to the building where possible. Yard hydrants may be
connected to the lawn sprinkler mains.

7\. Water Piping: Shall not be placed in \[floor\] \[foundation\] fills,
structural slabs, above ornamental suspended ceilings, in transformer
vaults, or over switchboards, except for fire sprinkler system piping.

8\. Valves: Locations and types of valves must be shown on drawings,
must be accessible, and identified with suitable markers.

\(a\) Location: Valves shall be installed on cold water, hot water, and
hot water return circulating mains so that sections of mains may be shut
off without disturbing the services to other parts of the building. In
addition, a valve shall be provided on the main supply at its entrance
to the building and on the inlets and outlets of mechanical equipment
requiring water connections.

\(b\) Shut-off Valve: Shall be located close to the main and installed
on each branch connection off the main serving more than one fixture.
Valves shall be provided at the base of the risers.

\(c\) Restroom Supply: A valve shall be installed on the supply to each
toilet room where the riser supplies more than one fixture. Valves shall
be provided at the base of the risers.

9\. Sizing of Piping: Refer to UPC.

10\. Domestic Hot Water: Shall consist of the following:

\(a\) Equipment: Shall be automatically controlled and shall deliver
\[105\] degrees F water for standard fixtures.

\(b\) Temperature: Provide 180 degree F water for dishwashing.

\(c\) Type of Heater: Shall be of an energy-saving design.

\(d\) Hot Water Supply Piping: Return circulating pipes shall be
installed where the length of hot water supply piping exceeds 100 feet.

\(e\) Controls: The main circulating line of hot water equipment shall
be provided with valves, aquastat, and circulating pump. Provide
automatic controls to turn off circulating pump when building is
unoccupied.

C.6.4.10 Natural Gas Piping : Refer to \[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\] for
monitoring and connection requirements to the Public Utility Company.
Natural gas piping shall conform to the National Fuel Gas Code.

C.6.4.11 Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) : Heating,
ventilating, and air-conditioning systems shall be designed to
accomodate energy conservation.

a\. Fire Safety Systems: Shall be designed so that systems, such as
smoke control systems, and sprinkler systems, are separate from each
other. HVAC duct and piping systems shall also be separated from fire
safety systems.

b\. Control System: A computer controlled electronic control system
shall be considered.

c\. Time of Occupancy: This building is to be designed for occupancy
\[all year.\] A \[12-month\] operation shall be assumed.

d\. Comfort Conditions To be Maintained in the Building: \[Shall be the
dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity, 3 to 5 feet above the floor.
Design indoor temperature will vary with the activity and intended use
of the space. Design of building walls, floors, roofs, and windows will
be reviewed for conditions affecting comfort and condensation.\]
\[Temperatures in the building space will need to be controlled only
during the specified occupied hours. Outside air shall be added during
occupied hours only to the building space according to latest ASHRAE
requirements.

1\. Inside Surface Temperature: Wall and roof construction and glazing
shall provide inside surface temperatures not lower than those in the
table below at design conditions. Limits for office space shall be used
for laboratories and for other spaces where sedentary work is done near
outside walls and windows. Limits for other areas are noted below.

Minimum Inside Surface Temperatures

Office Space and Common Use Areas Other Areas

Glass 45 degrees F 45 degrees F

Walls 60 degrees F 45 degrees F

Roofs 60 degrees F 60 degrees F

2\. Insulation of Concrete slabs: Shall follow the recommendations of
the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals for the garage.

e\. Outdoor Design Conditions For Heating and Cooling: \[Shall be based
on the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals.\] \[To calculate loads for
sizing equipment, use local weather data which reflect the maximum and
minimum outdoor temperatures that may be expected.\]

f\. Indoor Design Conditions For Heating and Cooling: To calculate loads
and size of equipment, use the following for indoor conditions.

1\. General Office Space (Occupied Hours): \[78\] degrees F cooling and
\[68\] degrees F for heating (for the envelope); \[72\] degrees F
year-round for the interior. \[Summer\] humidity not controlled, except
as a coincidental aspect of temperature controlled cooling; and winter
humidity, \[25\] percent RH.

2\. General Office Space (Unoccupied Hours): \[55\] degrees F heating,
\[no cooling unless outside air can be used for free cooling\]
\[uncontrolled cooling; humidity, \[uncontrolled\] in both heating and
cooling modes.\] \[The heating and cooling systems shall have sufficient
capacity and shall be controlled so that they bring the building from
its unoccupied temperature to the desired occupied thermostat set point
within two hours.\]

3\. Controlled Areas: Provisions shall be made to control temperature
and humidity limits within all building areas except the \[[
]{.underline}\] temperature limits in controlled areas are \[60 - 85\]
degrees F, and the humidity limits are \[30 - 60\] percent relative
humidity. Human comfort levels are of high priority in establishing the
operating control point with this area. Refer to reference cited in
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.\]

g\. Operating Conditions: The following requirements shall be met:

1\. Occupied Hours: Energy shall not be added to increase space
temperature above \[68\] degrees F or decrease space temperature below
\[78\] degrees F.

2\. Exterior Heating System: Since control of open spaces causes lack of
comfort within a 10 degree F (\[68 - 78\] degrees) range, the required
exterior heating system shall be designed for skin loads only. A rise in
space temperature above \[68\] degrees F from internal or solar loads is
acceptable up to the \[78\] degrees F limit.

3\. Unoccupied Hours: Energy shall not be added to increase space
temperature above \[55\] degrees F. Since this will require heating the
building meas on the next occupied cycle to at least above minimum
inside surface temperatures, provision shall be made to increase system
capacity to provide this capability within \[two\] hours.

4\. Winter Shutdown: \[Consider providing a heating and ventilating zone
to serve the area in use by permanent employees during the winter
shutdown.\]

h\. Ventilation Requirements: Shall be according to ASHRAE Ventilation
Standard 62.

1\. Mechanical Ventilation: Shall be used where:

\(a\) Processes produce noxious or hazardous fumes.

\(b\) Dust or vapor creates unsafe or unhygienic conditions.

\(c\) Concentration of personnel in auditoriums require supply of
outdoor air and removal of air.

\(d\) Odor removal from toilet rooms is required.

\(e\) Electronic or electric equipment in confined spaces and close
control of operating temperature is required.

\(f\) In area where moisture is to be extracted from damp or wet fabric
materials.

2\. Explosion-Proof Ventilation Equipment: Shall be provided for areas
where explosive vapors or dust are anticipated.

3\. Filters: Shall be provided where particulate matter must be removed
from the supply or exhaust air.

4\. Make-up Air: Shall be provided for areas with large exhaust systems.
Make-up air shall be conditioned and filtered.

i\. Toilet and Related Areas: Exhaust systems for toilet areas, shower
rooms, and janitor\'s closets shall not be connected to other
ventilating systems. Duct runs shall be as short as possible to avoid
leakage of moisture or odors. Where transfer grilles or ducts are used
for makeup air, noise transmission to other spaces shall be considered.
Consider use of sight-tight grilles.

j\. High Heat Areas: Outdoor air supply rate shall be based on heat
released and the difference between maximum anticipated outdoor
temperature and maximum allowable indoor temperature. Ventilating
requirements of refrigeration compressor rooms shall follow ANSI B.9.1.,
Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration.

k\. Miscellaneous Areas: The ventilating rate for loading platforms
shall be adequate to maintain an 8 hour carbon monoxide level of \[5\]
parts per million, with peak levels of less than one hour\'s duration
not to exceed \[35\] parts per million.

l\. High Exhaust Areas: Where large amounts of air are exhausted and
heated makeup air is introduced, heat recovery shall be evaluated for
feasibility and an economic analysis shall be made.

m\. Noise Level: For noise levels, the mechanical systems shall be quiet
and conform to the technical requirements as set forth in the ASHRAE
Handbook of HVAC Systems and Applications.

n\. Zones: HVAC systems shall be zoned to achieve comfort levels for
space with different types of occupancy and outdoor conditions
(exposure).

C.6.4.12 Special Heating, Cooling or Ventilating Systems : Shall consist
of the following:

a\. Entrance Vestibule Heating: May be by cabinet unit heaters, with
separate zones connected to 24-hour air-handling systems.

b\. Lobby Heating: Shall conform to design requirements for heating
systems, except that each lobby shall be independently controlled to
maintain required temperatures under all operating conditions. Where air
is used as the heating medium, return air inlets shall be placed near
the floor. Ducts shall be provided between return air inlets and
air-handling units.

c\. Air Curtains: Shall not be used.

d\. Snow Melting Systems: \[Shall not be used\] \[Shall be [
]{.underline}.\]

e\. Computer Rooms: Each Computer room and tape library shall have its
own HVAC system designed for computer operations with electric reheat
and shall be self-starting. The HVAC system shall be capable of
maintaining the area at 72 degrees F and 50% relative humidity. Paper
dust in the computer printer room shall be confined to the printer room.
The HVAC unit shall have the following local alarms for:

1\. High Temperature

2\. Low Temperature

3\. High Humidity

4\. Low Humidity

5\. High Head Pressure

6\. Change Filters

7\. Loss of Air Flow

8\. Local Alarm

9\. Humidifier Problem

f\. Telephone and Communication Room: Shall have the same type of
environment as the computer rooms.

g\. Laboratories: Sufficient ventilation shall be provided to make the
area negative to prevent vapors and fumes escaping to other parts of the
building.

h\. Materials Laboratory: Shall be provided with an exhaust system
sufficient to make area negative. All exhaust air shall be discharged to
the outside. This exhaust system shall be designed so that no odors,
fumes, and gases escape to or are introduced to other parts of the
building.

i\. Smoking Areas: Provide ventilation according to latest ASHRAE
Ventilation Standard 62.

C.6.4.13 Air Distribution : Shall consist of the following:

a\. Air Duct Systems:

1\. Duct Size: Equal friction method or static pressure regain method in
the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals may be used to determine duct sizes.
Static regain method shall be used for variable air-volume (VAV)
systems.

2\. Round Ducts: Shall be used wherever possible.

3\. Transition: Where ductwork is connected to equipment fittings such
as heating coils, cooling or filters, transition should be as smooth as
possible. Transitions in elbows shall be avoided.

4\. Access Doors or Panels: Shall be provided in ductwork for any
apparatus requiring maintenance, inspection, and service.

5\. Sound: Treatment of sound in high velocity ductwork, shall be
according to the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals.

6\. Supports: Ductwork and related equipment shall be supported from the
building structure and shall be free from vibration.

7\. Pressure Drop: Pressure drop throughout duct system shall be
calculated, classified, and indicated on drawings. Submit duct design
calculations and pressure loss data sheet with the Pre-Final Submittals.

8\. Fire/Smoke Dampers: Shall be provided in ductwork at appropriate
walls and floors. Ductwork penetrations shall be fireproof and
smokeproof to prevent gases, flame and smoke from spreading to other
parts of the building. Ductwork shall conform to NFPA requirements.

b\. Air Distribution Devices: Shall consist of the following:

1\. Air Outlets: Shall be selected to provide the required noise level
and shall be located to provide proper throw, drop, and spread.

2\. Air Direction: Air should not blow against obstructions such as
beams, columns, lights, or sprinklers, or directly on occupants.

3\. Supply Outlets: Shall be uniformly located within range of throw to
distributed loads. Where loads are concentrated, supply outlets shall be
located near load source.

4\. VAV Air Terminals: Shall be selected to be compatible with the
characteristics of the VAV box. Flow pattern must be properly evaluated.

c\. Air-Conditioning Systems: Shall maintain the space temperature
required by simultaneously controlling the supply air temperature,
humidity, and air distribution to the space.

d\. Air Cleaning Systems: Air supplied to occupied spaces, and equipment
rooms shall be provided with air filters, arranged to provide clean air
at upstream side of air-handling units, fan-coil units, heating units,
and air outlets. Filters shall be selected according to ASHRAE Standard
52-76. Select filter for operating velocity recommended by the
manufacturer to give an economic combination of static pressure loss and
dust-holding capacity.

C.6.4.14 Automatic Temperature and Humidity Control : Shall be provided
for heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems. The control
system shall be as simple as possible and still meet design
requirements. \[A computer controlled electronic system shall be
considered.\]

C.6.4.15 Test Instrumentation : Shall consist of the following:

a\. Connections: Provide for standard instruments (permanent, temporary,
and portable) for tests required. Connections shall permit removal of
associated facilities without shutting down systems or draining
equipment.

b\. Flow Measuring Station: For an air supply/return system, provide
flow measuring station at each refrigerating machine and other major
components.

C.6.4.16 Thermal Insulation : Provide thermal insulation for piping
systems, duct systems, and equipment.

C.6.4.17 Equipment Selection : Shall take into account the following.

a\. Materials: Shall be suitable for application and shall be
coordinated with other aspects of the project.

b\. Controls: The HVAC and control systems selected shall have parts and
service available within the State of \[Alaska.\]

TABLE 1

OPERATING HOURS PER MONTH

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

5 days/wk, 9 operating hours/day = 196 hours/month

\" 10 \" \" = 217 \"

\" 11 \" \" = 239 \"

\" 12 \" \" = 261 \"

\" 15 \" \" = 326 \"

7 days/wk, 24 \" \" = 731 \"

Other operating hours can be determined by noting the following formula:
op. hrs/month = (4.35 wk/mo.) x (op. hrs/wk)

END OF SUBSECTION C-6-0

MECHANICAL