June 14, 2000

^Ultra-Wideband\ Signals\ for\ Sensing\ and\ Communication:^

^A\ Master\ Plan\ for\ Developing\ Measurement\ Methods,\ Characterizing\ the\ Signals\ and\ Estimating\ Their\ Effects\ on\ Existing\ Systems^

^ITS\ Ultra-Wideband\ Measurement\ Plan^

^(Master\ Plan\ Task\ 1.2)\ ^

^August\ 25,\ 2000\ (1:13pm)^

**^1.\ INTRODUCTION^**

^This\ measurement\ plan\ includes\ tasks\ that\ will\ be\ performed\ by\ personnel\ from\ the\ National\ Telecommunications\ and\ Information\ Administration\ (NTIA)\ Institute\ of\ Telecommunication\ Sciences\ (ITS)\ in\ Boulder,\ Colorado,\ the\ Department\ of\ Commerce\ National\ Institute\ of\ Science\ and\ Technology\ (NIST)\ which\ is\ also\ in\ Boulder,\ and\ the\ NTIA\ Office\ of\ Spectrum\ Management\ (OSM)\ in\ Washington,\ DC.\ ^

^The\ measurement\ procedures\ contained\ in\ this\ plan\ are\ intended\ as\ guidance.\ As\ we\ gain\ experience\ in\ understanding\ the\ characteristics\ of\ UWB\ emissions\ and\ their\ transfer\ properties\ in\ receiver\ systems,\ we\ may\ develop\ alternative\ measurement\ procedures\ or\ make\ additional\ measurements\ to\ those\ described\ here.\ Modifications\ to\ this\ measurement\ plan\ will\ be\ coordinated\ between\ OSM\ and\ ITS,\ and\ will\ be\ noted\ in\ the\ final\ NTIA\ Report\ on\ this\ tasking.^

**^2.\ MEASUREMENT\ PLAN\ OBJECTIVES^**

^The\ objectives\ of\ this\ plan\ are\ to:^

1.  develop measurement procedures that use commercial-off-the-shelf
    (COTS) measurement equipment to accurately portray UWB emission
    characteristics;

2.  ^observe\ effects\ of\ UWB\ signals\ in\ the\ IF\ sections\ of\ selected\ receivers,\ and\ determine\ the\ susceptibility\ of\ conventional\ radio\ receivers\ to\ UWB\ emissions;^

3.  ^provide\ a\ basis\ for\ development\ of\ a\ one-on-one\ interference\ analysis\ procedure\ to\ determine\ the\ minimum\ needed\ separation\ distances\ or\ the\ maximum\ peak\ and\ average\ EIRP\ of\ UWB\ devices\ to\ ensure\ compatibility;^

4.  ^perform\ a\ limited\ set\ of\ measurements\ to\ validate\ the\ one-on-one\ interference\ analysis\ (above)\ between\ UWB\ signals\ and\ selected\ Federal\ radio\ receivers,\ particularly\ radio\ navigation\ and\ safety-of-life\ systems;^

5.  ^show\ how\ multiple\ UWB\ emissions\ add\ together\ within\ a\ single\ receiver.^

**^3.\ APPROACH^**

^In\ order\ to\ accomplish\ the\ objectives\ of\ this\ measurement\ plan,\ the\ following\ approach\ will\ be\ taken:^

1.  Acquire several UWB devices from manufacturers, and acquire several
    UWB simulators. The UWB devices will be representative of typical
    ranges of UWB system characteristics (PRF, non-dithered, dithered
    and gated). The UWB simulators should produce sub-nanosecond
    pulsewidths, PRFs up to 40 MHz, frequency range up to 4 GHz, peak
    power of +30 dBm, and be capable of being triggered to produce
    dithered and/or gated pulse sequences.

2.  ^Ensure\ that\ the\ UWB\ simulators\ accurately\ reproduce\ UWB\ device\ signals\ when\ programmed\ to\ simulate\ them.^

3.  ^Measure\ the\ time\ and\ frequency\ domain\ characteristics\ (^*^e.g.^*^,\ RF\ emission\ spectra,\ total\ peak\ power\ and\ average\ power,\ pulsewidth,\ PRF,\ percent\ dither,\ and\ gating)\ of\ several\ UWB\ devices\ using\ full\ bandwidth\ (^*^i.e.^*^,\ measurements\ in\ the\ time\ domain)\ and\ bandwidth-limited\ COTS\ measurement\ equipment.^

4.  ^Identify\ measurement\ procedures\ to\ accurately\ characterize\ UWB\ devices\ using\ bandwidth\ limited\ measurements\ made\ with\ COTS\ test\ equipment\ combined\ with\ analytical\ calculations.^

5.  ^Measure\ receiver\ IF\ output\ time\ waveform,\ peak\ and\ average\ power\ responses,\ and\ amplitude\ probability\ distributions\ (APDs)\ for\ a\ range\ of\ UWB\ signal\ characteristics\ and\ receiver\ IF\ bandwidths.\ Develop\ interference\ analysis\ procedures\ using\ this\ information.^

6.  ^Perform\ interference\ protection\ measurements\ on\ a\ limited\ number\ of\ Federal\ radio\ systems\ to\ assess\ the\ accuracy\ of\ the\ interference\ analysis\ procedures.^

7.  ^Perform\ measurements\ to\ determine\ if\ emissions\ from\ multiple\ UWB\ transmitters\ can\ have\ an\ aggregate\ or\ cumulative\ effect\ at\ the\ receiver\ IF\ output.\ These\ measurements\ will\ be\ performed\ using\ the\ three\ UWB\ simulators.^

In addition to the above, some measurement results will be compared with
simulated and analytical analysis results of single and multiple UWB
sources including responses in a range of IF bandwidths.

**^4.\ MEASUREMENT\ PLAN^**^\ \ ^

^Figure\ 1\ is\ a\ block\ diagram\ of\ the\ test\ plan\ showing\ the\ relationship\ between\ the\ various\ individual\ tasks\ in\ the\ test\ plan.\ Individual\ blocks\ or\ groups\ of\ blocks\ represent\ the\ major\ tasks,\ which\ are\ described\ in\ more\ detail\ in\ the\ following\ paragraphs.\ The\ test\ blocks\ outside\ of\ the\ dashed\ line\ are\ not\ part\ of\ this\ test\ plan.^

**^4.1.^^\ ^^Full\ Bandwidth\ Time\ Domain\ Measurements\ (NIST\ and\ ITS)\ ^^--^^\ Master\ Plan\ Task\ 3.^**

^The\ objectives\ of\ these\ measurements\ are\ to\ quantify\ UWB\ device\ and\ UWB\ simulator\ characteristics\ that\ cannot\ be\ measured\ directly\ with\ commercial-off-the\ shelf\ (COTS)\ equipment,\ and\ to\ compare\ with\ measurements\ performed\ with\ COTS\ equipment.\ NTIA/ITS\ will\ assess\ the\ effects\ and\ limits\ of\ using\ COTS\ bandwidth\ limited\ equipment\ in\ determining\ UWB\ device\ characteristics.^

**Figure ** - UWB Test Plan Block Diagram

**^Figure\ ^**^\ -\ Full\ Bandwidth\ Measurement\ System\ Block\ Diagram^

^Figure\ 2\ shows\ the\ measurement\ setup\ for\ full\ bandwidth\ measurements.\ These\ measurements\ will\ be\ made\ on\ a\ radiated\ and\ conducted\ basis,\ and\ the\ results\ compared.\ A\ comparison\ of\ these\ test\ results\ is\ expected\ to\ give\ additional\ insight\ into\ changes\ in\ the\ signal\ characteristics\ that\ occur\ when\ the\ UWB\ device\ antenna\ is\ replaced\ by\ a\ coaxial\ connection\ to\ the\ measuring\ device.\ ^

1.  Characterize the UWB devices and the UWB pulse generator simulator
    using the NIST RF Technology Division\'s Radiated Time-Domain
    Laboratory to acquire sampled time domain representation of the UWB
    signal without band-limiting the signal. From these data, ITS will
    determine the total peak power, and total average power of a UWB
    device over its entire bandwidth. Radiated and conducted
    measurements will be performed. The measurements will be performed
    on all UWB devices under test and selected emission modes.

2.  ^Using\ the\ full\ bandwidth\ time\ domain\ data\ of\ the\ UWB\ devices\ and\ fast\ fourier\ transforms\ (FFTs),\ determine\ the\ RF\ emission\ spectrum\ of\ each\ UWB\ device\ and\ identify\ the\ -10\ and\ -20\ dB\ RF\ bandwidths.\ (ITS)^

3.  ^Using\ the\ full\ bandwidth\ time\ domain\ data\ of\ the\ UWB\ devices\ and\ FFTs,\ determine\ the\ peak\ power\ in\ a\ 50\ MHz\ IF\ bandwidth.\ (ITS)^

4.  ^Document\ rationale\ for\ the\ choice\ of\ antenna\ types\ that\ were\ used\ to\ make\ time\ domain\ measurements.^

**^4.2^^\ ^^\ ^^Development\ of\ COTS\ Techniques\ for\ Bandwidth\ Limited\ Measurements\ (ITS)^**^\ --\ Master\ Plan\ Task\ 4^

^The\ objectives\ of\ these\ measurements\ are\ to:\ ^

1.  develop measurement procedures using COTS equipment to quantify UWB
    emission characteristics (e.g., RF emission spectra, total peak and
    total average power, pulse width, PRF, percent dither, gating, etc.)
    for verifying compliance with Federal standards or rules and;

2.  ^develop\ measurement\ procedures\ for\ determining\ the\ peak\ and\ average\ power\ of\ UWB\ signals\ measured\ in\ various\ IF\ bandwidths,\ including\ 1\ MHz.^

The general laboratory test equipment configuration for the development
of COTS techniques is shown in Figure 3. Many of the measurements will
not require the use of all of the measurement equipment shown. Most of
these measurements will be made on a radiated basis (with appropriate
corrections for antenna gain factors), with conducted measurements
performed as necessary.

**^Figure\ ^**^\ -\ UWB\ Bandwidth-limited\ Measurement\ System\ Block\ Diagram^

^Measurements\ and\ analysis\ will\ include:^

1.  Those shown in TABLE 1 (below). However, measurements may not be
    limited to only those in TABLE 1. Results of these measurements will
    be compared with the UWB device measurements made with the NIST
    system. See the description of full bandwidth time domain
    measurements in section 4.1.

2.  ^Using\ the\ procedures\ developed\ in\ item\ 1\ above,\ measure\ the\ signal\ characteristics\ of\ various\ UWB\ devices\ and\ UWB\ pulse\ generator\ parameter\ settings.\ ^

3.  ^The\ results\ from\ the\ various\ measurement\ procedures\ will\ be\ compared\ to\ determine\ the\ relative\ accuracy\ and\ range\ of\ applicability\ of\ alternative\ emission\ spectrum\ measurement\ techniques.^

4.  ^Determine\ whether\ the\ Commission's\ proposed\ measurement\ procedure\ using\ video\ filtering\ with\ a\ resolution\ bandwidth\ (RBW)\ of\ 1\ MHz\ and\ a\ video\ bandwidth\ (VBW)\ of\ no\ greater\ than\ 10\ kHz\ or\ less\ than\ 10\ Hz\ in\ conjunction\ with\ log-detected\ peak\ hold\ (see\ Annex\ A)\ yields\ an\ accurate\ average\ power\ value\ (as\ determined\ under\ "average\ power"\ in\ TABLE\ 1).\ These\ measurements\ should\ be\ performed\ for\ UWB\ signals\ of\ noise-like,\ pulse-like\ and\ CW-like\ responses\ in\ a\ 1\ MHz\ RBW\ (may\ require\ UWB\ simulator).\ If\ the\ Commission's\ video\ filtering\ technique\ does\ not\ provide\ an\ accurate\ average\ power\ value\ for\ all\ types\ of\ UWB\ signals,\ identify\ alternate\ techniques\ to\ determine\ average\ power\ in\ a\ 1\ MHz\ bandwidth\ (^*^e.g.^*^,\ video\ averaging).^

**^TABLE\ 1^**

**^Bandwidth\ Limited\ Measurements\ with\ COTS\ Equipment^**

+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| **^Parameter^**                  | *                                |
|                                  | *^Proposed\ COTS\ Measurement^** |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
|                                  |                                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| **^RF\ Emission\ Spectrum^**     | ^The\ radiated\ emi              |
|                                  | ssion\ spectrum\ of\ each\ UWB\  |
|                                  | device\ will\ be\ measured\ to\  |
|                                  | determine\ the\ -10\ &\ -20\ dB\ |
|                                  |  bandwidths.\ The\ spectra\ will |
|                                  | \ be\ measured\ down\ to\ the\ n |
|                                  | oise\ limit\ of\ the\ measuremen |
|                                  | t\ system\ (with\ typical\ noise |
|                                  | \ figure\ not\ to\ exceed\ 10\ d |
|                                  | B).\ Low-noise,\ bandpass-presel |
|                                  | ected\ front-ends\ will\ be\ use |
|                                  | d\ to\ maximize\ dynamic\ range\ |
|                                  |  of\ the\ measurements.\ Dependi |
|                                  | ng\ upon\ the\ EIRP\ and\ emissi |
|                                  | on\ bandwidth\ of\ the\ UWB\ uni |
|                                  | ts,\ efforts\ should\ be\ made\  |
|                                  | to\ measure\ 20\ dB\ below\ the\ |
|                                  |  peak\ emission\ level.^**^\ ^** |
|                                  | ^\ RF\ emission\ spectra\ will\  |
|                                  | be\ measured\ with\ several\ tec |
|                                  | hniques,\ including:\ peak-detec |
|                                  | ted\ in\ a\ 1\ MHz\ resolution\  |
|                                  | and\ video\ bandwidth\ with\ ste |
|                                  | pped-frequency\ or\ swept-freque |
|                                  | ncy\ maximum-hold\ algorithm\ to |
|                                  | \ ensure\ that\ the\ peak\ level |
|                                  | \ in\ 1\ MHz\ and\ other\ bandwi |
|                                  | dths\ is\ determined\ at\ each\  |
|                                  | measured\ frequency.\ Other\ pos |
|                                  | sible\ techniques\ may\ include\ |
|                                  |  narrowband\ measurements\ in\ a |
|                                  | \ CW/Gaussian\ mode,\ and\ wideb |
|                                  | and\ measurements\ in\ an\ impul |
|                                  | sive\ mode.\ These\ results\ wil |
|                                  | l\ be\ compared\ to\ each\ other |
|                                  | \ and\ the\ NIST\ full-bandwidth |
|                                  | \ data.\ Results\ will\ be\ used |
|                                  | \ in\ the\ computation\ of\ peak |
|                                  | \ and\ average\ power\ (below).^ |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
|                                  |                                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| **^Pulse\ width^**               | ^Compare\ t                      |
|                                  | he\ reciprocal\ of\ the\ -10\ dB |
|                                  | \ and\ the\ -20\ dB\ bandwidths\ |
|                                  |  of\ the\ measured\ RF\ emission |
|                                  | \ spectra\ with\ the\ NIST-measu |
|                                  | red\ pulse\ width\ values.\ Dete |
|                                  | rmine\ level\ on\ time\ waveform |
|                                  | \ (e.g.,\ 3-dB\ point,\ 6-dB\ po |
|                                  | int,\ etc.)\ that\ corresponds\  |
|                                  | to\ 10-dB\ spectrum\ bandwidth.^ |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
|                                  |                                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| **^Average\ PRF^**               | ^a)\ If                          |
|                                  | \ measurable\ spectrum\ lines\ a |
|                                  | re\ present\ (^*^e.g.^*^,\ if\ P |
|                                  | RF\ is\ fixed),\ measure\ freque |
|                                  | ncy\ separation\ between\ them.^ |
|                                  |                                  |
|                                  | ^b)\ If\ lines\ are\ not\ pr     |
|                                  | esent\ (or\ are\ present\ but\ f |
|                                  | or\ some\ reason\ not\ measurabl |
|                                  | e)\ then\ use\ a\ wideband\ dete |
|                                  | ctor\ to\ couple\ signal\ into\  |
|                                  | an\ oscilloscope\ and\ measure\  |
|                                  | average\ PRF\ from\ measured\ in |
|                                  | tervals\ within\ pulse\ trains.^ |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| **^Total\ Peak\ Power^**         | ^Definition:\                    |
|                                  | Total\ peak\ power\ is\ the\ pea |
|                                  | k\ power\ while\ the\ pulse\ is\ |
|                                  |  on,\ measured\ with\ a\ bandwid |
|                                  | th\ equal\ to\ or\ greater\ than |
|                                  | \ one\ over\ the\ pulse\ width.^ |
|                                  |                                  |
|                                  | ^Some\ techniques\ t             |
|                                  | o\ be\ investigated\ include:\ ^ |
|                                  |                                  |
|                                  | ^a)\ If\                         |
|                                  | measurable\ lines\ are\ present, |
|                                  | \ measure\ power\ in\ maximum-am |
|                                  | plitude\ spectral\ line.\ Calcul |
|                                  | ate\ total\ power,\ P^~^T^~^,\ f |
|                                  | rom\ this\ power\ level\ and\ th |
|                                  | e\ duty\ cycle\ (pulse\ width\ a |
|                                  | nd\ repetition\ rate\ determined |
|                                  | \ as\ above):\ P^~^T^~^\ =\ P^~^ |
|                                  | line^~^\ -\ 20log(duty\ cycle).^ |
|                                  |                                  |
|                                  | ^b)\ Measure\ peak\ spectrum\    |
|                                  | power\ density\ in\ a\ bandwidth |
|                                  | \ and\ extrapolate\ to\ total\ p |
|                                  | ower\ within\ the\ 3-dB\ and\ 10 |
|                                  | -dB\ points\ of\ the\ spectrum.^ |
|                                  |                                  |
|                                  | ^c)\ Measure\ ave                |
|                                  | rage\ power\ with\ a\ thermistor |
|                                  | \ power\ meter,\ and\ calculate\ |
|                                  |  total\ power.\ P^~^T^~^\ =\ P^~ |
|                                  | ^ave^~^\ -\ 10log(duty\ cycle).^ |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| **^Peak\ Powe                    | ^For\ each\ UWB\ d               |
| r\ in\ a^^­^^\ band^^­^^width\ (Po | evice,\ measure\ the\ peak\ powe |
| wer\ spectral\ density,\ PSD)^** | r\ in\ a\ wide\ bandwidth\ (e.g. |
|                                  | ,\ 20\ MHz)\ and\ extrapolate\ t |
|                                  | o\ 50\ MHz\ resolution\ bandwidt |
|                                  | h.\ Extrapolation\ will\ be\ per |
|                                  | formed\ using\ measured\ bandwid |
|                                  | th\ correction\ factors.\ Also,\ |
|                                  |  measure\ the\ average\ power\ u |
|                                  | sing\ Part\ 15\ measurement\ pro |
|                                  | cedures\ for\ UWB\ systems\ oper |
|                                  | ating\ above\ 1000\ MHz\ (^*^i.e |
|                                  | .^*^,\ 1\ MHz\ resolution\ bandw |
|                                  | idth\ and\ 10\ Hz\ video\ bandwi |
|                                  | dth\ (See\ Annex\ A).\ Record\ t |
|                                  | he\ difference\ in\ power\ in\ d |
|                                  | B\ between\ the\ peak\ power\ in |
|                                  | \ a\ 50\ MHz\ resolution\ bandwi |
|                                  | dth\ and\ the\ Part\ 15\ average |
|                                  | \ power.\ Compare\ the\ results\ |
|                                  |  with\ the\ NIST\ measurements.^ |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| **^Total\ Average\ Power^**      | ^Defin                           |
|                                  | ition:\ Average\ power\ is\ the\ |
|                                  |  RMS\ power\ averaged\ over\ mul |
|                                  | tiple\ pulse\ periods\ measured\ |
|                                  |  with\ a\ bandwidth\ greater\ th |
|                                  | an\ one\ over\ the\ pulsewidth.^ |
|                                  |                                  |
|                                  | ^Some\ techniques\               |
|                                  |  to\ be\ investigated\ include:^ |
|                                  |                                  |
|                                  | ^a)\ Using\ pulse\ wi            |
|                                  | dth,\ average\ PRF,\ and\ P^~^T^ |
|                                  | ~^\ from\ above,\ calculate\ P^~ |
|                                  | ^ave^~^\ using\ P^~^ave^~^\ =\ P |
|                                  | ^~^T^~^\ +\ 10log(duty\ cycle).^ |
|                                  |                                  |
|                                  | ^b)\ Using                       |
|                                  | \ power\ measured\ in\ maximum\  |
|                                  | spectral\ line\ (if\ available), |
|                                  | \ calculate\ P^~^ave^~^\ =\ P^~^ |
|                                  | line^~^\ -\ 10log(duty\ cycle).^ |
|                                  |                                  |
|                                  | ^c)\ Me                          |
|                                  | asure\ P^~^ave^~^\ directly\ wit |
|                                  | h\ a\ thermistor\ power\ meter.^ |
|                                  |                                  |
|                                  | ^Compare\                        |
|                                  |  these\ determinations\ of\ tota |
|                                  | l\ P^~^ave^~^\ to\ each\ other.^ |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
|                                  |                                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| **^Average\ Power\ in\           | ^Def                             |
|  a\ bandwidth\ (average\ PSD)^** | inition:\ Average\ power\ is\ th |
|                                  | e\ rms\ power\ averaged\ over\ m |
|                                  | ultiple\ pulse\ periods\ measure |
|                                  | d\ in\ a\ given\ bandwidth.\ Oft |
|                                  | en\ referred\ to\ as\ average\ p |
|                                  | ower\ spectral\ density\ (PSD).^ |
|                                  |                                  |
|                                  | ^Some\ techniques\               |
|                                  |  to\ be\ investigated\ include:^ |
|                                  |                                  |
|                                  | ^a)\ Log-detected\               |
|                                  |  narrowband\ video\ filtering\ ( |
|                                  | video\ bandwidth\ 1/100\ of\ res |
|                                  | olution\ bandwidth).\ Also,\ see |
|                                  | \ Section\ 4.2\ item\ 4\ above.^ |
|                                  |                                  |
|                                  | ^b                               |
|                                  | )\ Video\ averaging\ (spectrum\  |
|                                  | analyzer\ firmware\ algorithm).^ |
|                                  |                                  |
|                                  | ^c)\ Determine\ average\ PSD\ us |
|                                  | ing\ amplitude\ probability\ dis |
|                                  | tributions\ in\ a\ variety\ of\  |
|                                  | bandwidths,\ including\ 1\ MHz.^ |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
|                                  |                                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| **^Percent\ Dith^^­^^er^**        | ^Attempt                         |
|                                  | \ to\ measure\ wideband-detected |
|                                  | \ signal\ pulse-to-pulse\ interv |
|                                  | als\ on\ a\ COTS\ oscilloscope.^ |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
|                                  |                                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| **^Pulse\ Gating^**              | ^Wideband                        |
|                                  | -detected\ signal\ will\ be\ cou |
|                                  | pled\ to\ an\ oscilloscope\ or\  |
|                                  | the\ signal\ will\ be\ measured\ |
|                                  |  with\ a\ spectrum\ analyzer\ in |
|                                  | \ 0-Hz\ span\ mode\ to\ observe\ |
|                                  |  the\ intervals\ between\ pulse\ |
|                                  |  bursts.\ An\ oscilloscope\ will |
|                                  | \ be\ used\ if\ the\ intervals\  |
|                                  | are\ too\ short\ to\ be\ resolva |
|                                  | ble\ on\ a\ spectrum\ analyzer.^ |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
|                                  |                                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+

**^4.3.\ ^^\ ^^IF\ Envelope\ Time\ Waveform\ and\ Bandwidth\ Correction\ Factor\ Measurements\ (ITS)^**^\ --\ Master\ Plan\ Task\ 5^

^The\ objectives\ of\ this\ task\ are\ to:\ ^

1.  determine the UWB time waveform characteristics and their associated
    amplitude probability distributions (APDs) at the IF output as a
    function of receiver IF band­widths, and;

2.  ^determine\ the\ average\ and\ peak\ power\ of\ UWB\ signals\ at\ the\ output\ of\ the\ receiver\ IF\ as\ a\ function\ of\ receiver\ bandwidth\ (bandwidth\ correction\ factor,\ BWCF).\ The\ UWB\ devices'\ IF\ envelope\ time\ waveform\ characterization\ measurements,\ APDs,\ and\ BWCFs\ should\ include\ non-dithered,\ dithered\ and\ gated\ UWB\ devices.\ This\ data\ will\ be\ used\ to\ develop\ a\ one-on-one\ interference\ analysis\ procedure.^

Figure 3 shows the general laboratory test equipment configuration for
these measurements. UWB signals will be provided by UWB devices or by
the UWB pulse generator triggered by an arbitrary waveform generator
(which determines the patterns of exact times when impulses are
generated). Measurements shall be performed on all UWB devices in
selected modes which have different emission characteristics. The UWB
pulse generator will be used to simulate UWB devices if actual UWB
devices are not easily available to include a full range of UWB
parameter characteristics (e.g., PRF, non-dithered, dithered, and
gating). One set of measurements with the UWB pulse generator will
include a PRF of 30 kHz with 0% and 50% dithering.

Digitized waveforms of UWB signals will be obtained from the internal
spectrum analyzer digitizer (narrower bandwidths), a digital
oscilloscope connected to the spectrum analyzer log video output (medium
bandwidths), or a digital oscilloscope connected to an external wideband
detector or logarithmic amplifier processing the spectrum analyzer IF
output.

**^4.3.1.\ General\ Measurement\ Procedure^**

^These\ general\ measurement\ procedures\ are\ key\ to\ providing\ meaningful\ IF\ envelope\ time\ waveforms,\ APD\ and\ BWCF\ data,\ and\ will\ include:^

1.  Prior to performing these measurements, the actual spectrum analyzer
    or measurement instrument system inherent noise level should be
    determined for various resolution bandwidths (RBWs). For example, a
    spectrum analyzer display showing the change in peak noise level
    every few graticules for RBWs between 10 kHz and 3 MHz should be
    provided. This information will be used to assess spectrum analyzer
    IF resolution bandwidth characteristics.

2.  ^All\ IF\ envelope\ time\ waveforms,\ APD\ and\ BWCF\ measurements\ should\ be\ made\ at\ the\ frequency\ of\ maximum\ amplitude\ of\ each\ UWB\ device.\ Occasional\ additional\ measurements\ should\ be\ made\ near\ the\ upper\ and\ lower\ 10\ dB\ points\ to\ ensure\ that\ the\ characteristics\ of\ UWB\ signals\ are\ constant\ over\ a\ frequency\ range.\ ^

3.  ^The\ UWB\ signal\ level\ shall\ be\ at\ least\ 10\ dB\ above\ the\ measurement\ receiver\ inherent\ noise\ level\ for\ the\ largest\ measurement\ bandwidth.^

4.  ^Spectrum\ analyzer\ video\ bandwidth\ (VBW)\ should\ be\ greater\ than\ or\ equal\ to\ the\ resolution\ bandwidth.^

5.  ^For\ non-dithered\ UWB\ devices\ measured\ in\ narrow\ bandwidths\ (bandwidths\ less\ than\ the\ PRF),\ the\ measurement\ instrument\ should\ be\ tuned\ to\ an\ emission\ line.\ For\ dithered\ UWB\ devices,\ the\ measurement\ instrument\ should\ be\ tuned\ to\ the\ center\ of\ a\ cluster\ of\ line\ spectra\ if\ they\ exist.^

**^4.3.2.\ IF\ Envelope\ Time\ Waveform\ Measurements\ ^**

^IF\ envelope\ time\ waveforms\ as\ a\ function\ of\ receiver\ IF\ bandwidth\ for\ non-dithered,\ dithered\ and\ gated\ UWB\ signals\ should\ be\ measured.\ Particular\ attention\ should\ be\ given\ to\ the\ ratio\ of\ the\ UWB\ signal\ PRF\ and\ the\ receiver\ IF\ bandwidth.\ Receiver\ IF\ output\ time\ waveforms\ should\ be\ described\ as\ noise-like,\ CW-like,\ pulsed.^

1.  Time waveform measurements should be made for receiver bandwidths of
    10 kHz to at least 50 MHz in 1/3/10 log progression. (Note: The
    maximum available bandwidth will be less than 50 MHz at some
    frequencies.)

2.  ^All\ time\ waveforms\ should\ be\ measured\ and\ recorded\ digitally.^

**4.3.3. IF Envelope Amplitude Probability Distribution (APD)
Measurements**

Using the same equipment set-up and UWB sources used in the time
waveform measurements in 4.3.2 above, data from multiple digital traces
at each given bandwidth/UWB device mode will be measured and combined
into amplitude probability distributions (APDs). The total number of
data samples from each measured UWB signal mode will be determined by
considering the number of samples required to accurately resolve the
expected impulsive duty cycle for that PRF and effective pulsewidth in
the receiver bandpass.

These APD data will be plotted and the readings will be analyzed to
compute various simulated detector functions. Included in these detector
functions will be RMS, average voltage, and average logarithm.

1.  An APD measurement of the measurement system inherent noise level
    (UWB device off) will be performed for each IF bandwidth.
    Measurement system noise APDs will be included in the plots for each
    UWB device.

2.  ^APDs\ will\ be\ measured\ for\ each\ UWB\ device\ with\ maximum\ dynamic\ range.\ In\ addition,\ and\ to\ verify\ that\ APD\ curves\ vary\ linearly\ with\ measurement\ dynamic\ range,\ APD\ measurements\ will\ be\ made\ in\ bandwidths\ giving\ noise-like,\ CW,\ and\ impulse-like\ responses\ for\ the\ following\ peak\ interference-to-RMS-noise\ ratios:\ -10\ dB,\ -6\ dB,\ 0\ dB\ for\ selected\ UWB\ devices.\ See\ ANNEX\ B\ for\ the\ procedure\ for\ establishing\ the\ peak\ interference-to-RMS-noise\ ratio.^

**4.3.4. Bandwidth Correction Factor and Part 15 Measurements**

Receiver IF bandwidth correction factor (BWCF) measurements will be made
for all UWB device modes measured in Part 4.3.2. These measurements
should determine the UWB peak and average signal levels at a receiver IF
output as a function of the UWB signal characteristics (PRF,
non-dithered/dithered, etc) and the receiver IF bandwidth. For each
bandwidth correction factor measurement:

1.  Set the spectrum analyzer in the zero span mode at a UWB emission
    frequency identified as in the Part 15 procedure of Annex A.

2.  ^Measure\ the\ UWB\ signal\ average\ power\ level\ using\ Part\ 15\ measurement\ procedure\ (Annex\ A).\ This\ will\ be\ one\ of\ the\ reference\ levels\ or\ normalization\ power\ level(s)\ for\ subsequent\ analysis.^

3.  ^Plot\ UWB\ device\ peak\ and\ average\ (RMS,\ voltage,\ and\ log\ detector\ functions)\ levels\ derived\ from\ APD\ measurement\ curves\ (see\ 4.3.3)\ for\ resolution\ bandwidths\ from\ 10\ kHz\ to\ at\ least\ 3\ MHz\ in\ 1/3/10\ log\ progression.^

4.  ^If\ possible,\ make\ average\ and\ peak\ power\ measurements\ similar\ to\ (c)\ with\ band­widths\ of\ 3\ MHz,\ 10\ MHz,\ 30\ MHz,\ and\ 50\ MHz.\ Combine\ these\ measurements\ with\ measurements\ made\ in\ (c)\ to\ produce\ a\ single\ graph\ for\ 10\ kHz\ to\ 50\ MHz\ range.^

**4.4. Receiver Interference Protection Measurements -- **Master Plan
Task 6 & 7

The objectives of this task are to:

1.  determine what emission limits are necessary to protect selected
    Federal radio systems. Testing will include but not be limited to
    power levels meeting the general emission limits contained in 47
    C.F.R. Section 15.209;

2.  ^identify\ specific\ interference\ coupling\ mechanisms;\ and\ ^

3.  ^validate\ the\ one-on-one\ interference\ analysis\ procedure\ by\ determining\ the\ minimum\ distance\ separation\ and/or\ the\ maximum\ UWB\ EIRP\ to\ ensure\ compatibility\ between\ UWB\ devices\ and\ selected\ Federal\ radionavigation\ and\ safety-of-life\ systems\ which\ operate\ in\ restricted\ bands.^

These measurements will use accepted National and International
interference protection criteria. The measurements will use the UWB
simulator as the interference source. Both closed system and radiated
measurements will be performed. Three to four of the following systems
will be measured.

**^TABLE\ 2^**

**^Candidate\ Systems^**[^1]

+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| **^System^**                     | **^Frequenc                      |
|                                  | y\ Band\ of\ Operation\ (MHz)^** |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
|                                  |                                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| ^1.\ Instrument\ Landing\ Syste  | ^108-112^                        |
| m\ (Local­izer\ and\ Glideslope)^ |                                  |
|                                  | ^328.6-335.4^                    |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| ^2.\ D                           | ^960-1215^                       |
| istance\ Measuring\ Equipment\ ( |                                  |
| Interroga­tor\ and\ Transponder)^ |                                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| ^3.\ ATCRBS\ Systems\            | ^1030,\ 1090\ ^                  |
|  (Interroga­tor\ and\ Trans­ponder |                                  |
| )\ (Selected\ for\ Measure­ment)^ |                                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| ^4.\ SARSAT\ Receivers^          | ^1,544.5^                        |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| ^5.                              | ^1260-1400^                      |
| \ Air\ Route\ Surveillance\ Rada |                                  |
| r\ (Selected\ for\ Measurement)^ |                                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| ^5.\ Fixed\ Microwave\ System^   | ^1755-1850^                      |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| ^                                | ^2700-2900^                      |
| 6.\ Airport\ Surveillance\ Radar |                                  |
| s\ (Selected\ for\ Measurement)^ |                                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| ^7.\ Earth\ Station\ Receive     | ^3700-4200^                      |
| r\ (Selected\ for\ Measurement)^ |                                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| ^8.\ Radar\ Altimeters^          | ^4200-4400^                      |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| ^9.\ Microwave\ Landing\ System^ | ^5030-5090^                      |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| ^10.\ Ter                        | ^5600-5650^                      |
| minal\ Doppler\ Weather\ Radars^ |                                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| ^                                | ^5030-5090^                      |
| 11.\ Microwave\ Landing\ System^ |                                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
|                                  |                                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| ^12.\ Ter                        | ^5600-5650^                      |
| minal\ Doppler\ Weather\ Radars^ |                                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
|                                  |                                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+

^Measurements\ will\ be\ performed\ for\ the\ UWB\ simulator\ parameters\ or\ conditions\ shown\ in\ TABLE\ 3,\ and\ on\ other\ UWB\ parameters\ based\ on\ measured\ data\ from\ Section\ 4.3\ .\ ^

**^TABLE\ 3^**

**^UWB\ Simulator\ Parameters\ for\ Protection\ Measurements^**

+------------+----------+------------+----------+-----------------------------+
| ^TEST\ \#^ | ^PRF/BW^ | ^DITHER^   | ^GATING^ | ^RECEIVER\ IF\ OUTPUT^      |
|            |          |            |          |                             |
|            | ^RATIO^  | ^(%)^      | ^(%)^    | ^RESPONSE\ TO\ UWB\ SIGNAL^ |
+------------+----------+------------+----------+-----------------------------+
|            |          |            |          |                             |
+------------+----------+------------+----------+-----------------------------+
| ^1^        | ^10/1^   | ^YES(50%)^ | ^TBD^    | ^Noise-like^                |
+------------+----------+------------+----------+-----------------------------+
| ^2^        | ^10/1^   | ^No^       | ^TBD^    | ^CW-like^                   |
+------------+----------+------------+----------+-----------------------------+
|            |          |            |          |                             |
+------------+----------+------------+----------+-----------------------------+
| ^3^        | ^1/10^   | ^No^       | ^TBD^    | ^Pulse-like^                |
+------------+----------+------------+----------+-----------------------------+
|            |          |            |          |                             |
+------------+----------+------------+----------+-----------------------------+

**^4.4.1.\ Closed\ System\ Measurements^**

^Figure\ 4\ shows\ a\ block\ diagram\ of\ the\ closed\ system\ measurement\ setup.\ ^

**^Figure\ ^**^\ -\ Interference\ Protection\ Block\ Diagram^

^For\ each\ victim\ receiver,\ perform\ the\ following\ procedures:^

1.  Select UWB parameters that will be used for each receiver test (see
    Table 3).

2.  ^With\ a\ spectrum\ analyzer,\ Perform\ Part\ 15\ measurement\ on\ UWB\ signal\ (Annex\ A)\ at\ frequency\ of\ victim\ receiver.\ This\ will\ identify\ the\ ratio\ of\ peak\ to\ Part\ 15\ average.\ Table\ 3\ gives\ the\ appropriate\ Part\ 15\ detector,\ resolution\ and\ video\ bandwidths\ for\ measuring\ the\ equivalent\ Part\ 15.209\ power\ level.^

3.  ^Measure\ the\ receiver\ RMS\ inherent\ noise\ level\ (using\ video\ averaging\ tech­nique).^

4.  ^Connect\ a\ CW\ signal\ generator\ to\ the\ RF\ input\ and\ sweep\ the\ signal\ generator\ to\ determine\ the\ receiver\ IF\ selectivity\ response.\ Record\ the\ shape\ of\ the\ IF\ selectivity\ response.^

5.  ^Connect\ the\ UWB\ simulator\ to\ the\ RF\ input\ of\ the\ receiver\ being\ tested.\ Increase\ the\ power\ level\ of\ the\ simulator\ output\ to\ a\ high\ SNR\ at\ the\ IF\ output.\ Record\ the\ undetected\ UWB\ time\ waveform\ at\ the\ IF\ output\ with\ an\ oscilloscope.\ Measure\ an\ APD\ in\ this\ configuration\ using\ a\ spectrum\ analyzer\ with\ a\ wider\ resolution\ bandwidth\ than\ the\ victim\ receiver\ IF\ bandwidth.\ APD\ will\ later\ be\ used\ to\ determine\ peak\ and\ average\ levels\ in\ this\ IF.^

6.  ^Adjust\ the\ UWB\ simulator\ attenuator\ setting\ to\ produce\ a\ peak\ interference\ to\ RMS\ noise\ ratio\ at\ the\ receiver\ IF\ output\ of\ 0\ dB,\ hardline\ coupled.\ See\ Annex\ B\ for\ procedure.\ This\ will\ be\ used\ to\ understand\ the\ appearance\ of\ UWB\ interference\ in\ the\ receiver.\ Record\ oscilloscope\ or\ spectrum\ analyzer\ traces\ as\ appropriate\ to\ document\ this\ appearance.^

7.  ^Disconnect\ the\ UWB\ simulator\ from\ the\ receiver\ RF\ input\ and\ measure\ the\ PART\ 15\ power\ level\ (see\ Annex\ A)\ with\ a\ spectrum\ analyzer.\ This\ may\ require\ removing\ attenuation\ and\ basing\ the\ Part\ 15\ average\ power\ level\ on\ the\ peak-to-average\ ratio\ in\ Step\ "2"\ above\ taking\ into\ account\ the\ decreased\ attenuation.^

8.  ^Repeat\ the\ above\ steps\ for\ various\ parameter\ settings\ on\ the\ UWB\ simulator\ (See\ TABLE\ 3).^

9.  ^To\ determine\ the\ required\ distance\ separation\ to\ ensure\ compatibility,\ the\ propagation\ path\ loss\ required\ to\ preclude\ interference\ can\ be\ determined\ from:^

^L^~^P^~^\ =\ EIRP\ +\ G^~^R^~^(2)\ -\ L^~^R^~^\ -\ P^~^r^~^\ ^

^where:^

^L^~^P^~^\ \ =\ the\ propagation\ loss\ between\ transmitting\ and\ receiving\ antennas\ necessary\ to\ preclude\ interference\ from\ the\ Part\ 15\ UWB\ device,\ in\ dB^

^EIRP\ =\ the\ equivalent\ isotropic\ radiated\ power\ limit\ under\ Part\ 15.209,\ in\ dBm.\ The\ EIRP\ value\ as\ a\ function\ of\ frequency\ can\ be\ determined\ from\ Table\ 4\ below.^

^G^~^R^~^(2)\ =\ the\ victim\ receiver\ antenna\ gain\ in\ the\ direction\ of\ the\ Part\ 15\ device,\ in\ dBi.^

^L^~^R^~^\ \ =\ the\ insertion\ loss\ (loss\ between\ the\ receiver\ antenna\ and\ receiver\ input)\ in\ the\ victim\ receiver,\ in\ dB.^

^P^~^r^~^\ \ =\ received\ power\ of\ the\ UWB\ device\ at\ the\ victim\ receiver\ input\ measured\ using\ the\ Part\ 15\ measurement\ procedure\ (See\ Annex\ A),\ in\ dBm.\ NOTE:\ the\ measured\ value\ of\ P^~^r^~^\ is\ an^**^\ ^**^[average]{.underline}\ UWB\ signal\ level\ at\ the\ receiver\ RF\ input\ which\ corresponds\ to\ a\ [peak]{.underline}\ I/N\ of\ 0\ dB\ at\ the\ receiver\ IF\ output\ .\ For\ distance\ separation\ calculations\ of\ [peak]{.underline}\ I/N\ protection\ ratios\ of\ -6\ and\ -10\ dB,\ an\ additional\ 6\ or\ 10\ dB\ must\ be\ subtracted\ from\ P^~^r^~^,\ respectively.\ ^

^Once\ the\ required\ propagation\ loss\ (L^~^P^~^)\ is\ determined\ for\ the\ appropriate\ interference\ protection\ criteria,\ an\ appropriate\ smooth\ earth\ propagation\ model\ should\ be\ used\ to\ determine\ the\ required\ separation\ distance.^

**^\ ^^TABLE\ 4^**

**^Section\ 15.209\ Radiated\ Emission\ Limits^**

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| **^F        | **          | **^Mea      | **^FCC\ Mea | **          |
| requency^** | ^Field\ Str | surement^** | surement^** | ^EIRP^^b^** |
|             | ength^^a^** |             |             |             |
| **          |             | **^\ Dista  | **^Bandwidt | **^(dBm)^** |
| ^\ (MHz)^** | **^(mi      | nce\ (m)^** | h\ (kHz)^** |             |
|             | cro^^­^^volt |             |             |             |
|             | s/meter)^** |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
|             |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ^0.009      | ^2          | ^300^       | ^0.3^       | ^11.8\      |
| \ -\ 0.015^ | 400/F(kHz)^ |             |             |  -20log^~^1 |
|             |             |             |             | 0^~^F(kHz)^ |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ^0.015      | ^2          | ^300^       | ^10^        | ^11.8\      |
| \ -\ 0.490^ | 400/F(kHz)^ |             |             |  -20log^~^1 |
|             |             |             |             | 0^~^F(kHz)^ |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ^0.490      | ^24         | ^30^        | ^10^        | ^12.3\      |
| \ -\ 1.705^ | 000/F(kHz)^ |             |             |  -20log^~^1 |
|             |             |             |             | 0^~^F(kHz)^ |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ^1.70       | ^30^        | ^30^        | ^10^        | ^-45.7^     |
| 5\ -\ 30.0^ |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ^30\ -\ 88^ | ^100c^      | ^3^         | ^100^       | ^-55.3^     |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ^           | ^150c^      | ^3^         | ^100^       | ^-51.7^     |
| 88\ -\ 216^ |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
|             |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ^2          | ^200c^      | ^3^         | ^100^       | ^-49.2^     |
| 16\ -\ 960^ |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
|             |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ^960-1000^  | ^500^       | ^3^         | ^100^       | ^-41.3^     |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ^a          | ^500^       | ^3^         | ^1000^      | ^-41.3^     |
| bove\ 1000^ |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
|             |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| ^a)\ T      |             |             |             |             |
| he\ field\  |             |             |             |             |
| strength\ e |             |             |             |             |
| mission\ li |             |             |             |             |
| mits\ speci |             |             |             |             |
| fied\ are\  |             |             |             |             |
| based\ on\  |             |             |             |             |
| measurement |             |             |             |             |
| s\ employin |             |             |             |             |
| g\ a\ CISPR |             |             |             |             |
| \ quasi-pea |             |             |             |             |
| k\ detector |             |             |             |             |
| ,\ except\  |             |             |             |             |
| for\ the\ f |             |             |             |             |
| requency\ b |             |             |             |             |
| ands,\ 9-90 |             |             |             |             |
| \ kHz,\ 110 |             |             |             |             |
| -490\ kHz,\ |             |             |             |             |
|  and\ above |             |             |             |             |
| \ 1000\ MHz |             |             |             |             |
| .\ Emission |             |             |             |             |
| \ limits\ i |             |             |             |             |
| n\ these\ t |             |             |             |             |
| hree\ bands |             |             |             |             |
| \ are\ base |             |             |             |             |
| d\ on\ meas |             |             |             |             |
| urements\ e |             |             |             |             |
| mploying\ a |             |             |             |             |
| n\ average\ |             |             |             |             |
|  detector.^ |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ^b)\        |             |             |             |             |
| The\ field\ |             |             |             |             |
|  strength\  |             |             |             |             |
| emission\ l |             |             |             |             |
| imits\ were |             |             |             |             |
| \ converted |             |             |             |             |
| \ to\ an\ e |             |             |             |             |
| quivalent\  |             |             |             |             |
| isotropic\  |             |             |             |             |
| radiated\ p |             |             |             |             |
| ower\ level |             |             |             |             |
| \ in\ dBm\  |             |             |             |             |
| using\ the\ |             |             |             |             |
|  following\ |             |             |             |             |
|  equation.^ |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| **^\ ^^\ ^  |             |             |             |             |
| **^EIRP(dBm |             |             |             |             |
| )\ =\ E^~^o |             |             |             |             |
| ^~^(dBFV/m) |             |             |             |             |
| \ +\ 20log^ |             |             |             |             |
| ~^10^~^D(m) |             |             |             |             |
| \ -\ 104.8^ |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| ^c)\        |             |             |             |             |
|  Except\ fo |             |             |             |             |
| r\ perimete |             |             |             |             |
| r\ protecti |             |             |             |             |
| on\ systems |             |             |             |             |
| \ and\ biom |             |             |             |             |
| edical\ tel |             |             |             |             |
| emetry\ sys |             |             |             |             |
| tems,\ fund |             |             |             |             |
| amental\ em |             |             |             |             |
| issions\ fr |             |             |             |             |
| om\ intenti |             |             |             |             |
| onal\ radia |             |             |             |             |
| tors\ opera |             |             |             |             |
| ting\ under |             |             |             |             |
| \ Section\  |             |             |             |             |
| 15.209\ sha |             |             |             |             |
| ll\ not\ be |             |             |             |             |
| \ located\  |             |             |             |             |
| in\ the\ fr |             |             |             |             |
| equency\ ba |             |             |             |             |
| nds\ 54-72\ |             |             |             |             |
|  MHz,\ 76-8 |             |             |             |             |
| 8 MHz,\ 174 |             |             |             |             |
| -216\ MHz,\ |             |             |             |             |
|  or\ 470-80 |             |             |             |             |
| 6\ MHz,\ ex |             |             |             |             |
| cept\ as\ s |             |             |             |             |
| pecified\ i |             |             |             |             |
| n\ 15.231\  |             |             |             |             |
| &\ 15.241.^ |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
|             |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

**^4.4.2^^\ ^^Radiated\ Measurements^**^\ ^

^Radiated\ measurements\ are\ made\ as\ follows:^

1.  Set UWB pulse generator to radiate at the Part 15 level of Table 4
    using Annex A procedures.

2.  ^Begin\ radiating\ the\ UWB\ signal\ at\ a\ separation\ distance\ that\ is\ small,\ and\ gradually\ drive\ the\ transmitter\ away\ from\ the\ receiver\ (maintaining\ line-of-sight\ propagation)\ until\ interference\ drops\ to\ the\ point\ that\ it\ appears\ the\ same\ as\ the\ previously\ observed\ 0\ dB\ interference\ level\ (see\ section\ 4.4.1.6).\ Note\ the\ distance\ from\ the\ receiver\ (as\ with\ a\ GPS\ unit).^

3.  ^Analytically,\ this\ distance\ will\ be\ adjusted\ for\ other\ protection\ levels\ (e.g.,\ -6\ dB,\ -10\ dB).^

4.  ^Repeat\ the\ above\ steps\ for\ various\ parameter\ settings\ on\ the\ UWB\ simulator\ (See\ TABLE\ 3).^

**4.5. Aggregate Effects Measurements** -- Master PlanTask 8

The objective of these measurements is to determine if emissions from
multiple UWB transmitters can have an aggregate or cumulative effect at
a receiver IF output when multiple UWB signals are present at a receiver
input. This information will also be applied to the aggregate modeling
and analysis efforts.

These aggregate measurements will be closed-system using up to three UWB
simulators. Figure 5 shows the aggregate effects measurement test setup.
Tests will be made with signal combinations as shown in Table 5. Some
measurements will be made to test the validity of the ITS aggregate APD
model.

**^Figure\ ^**^\ -\ Aggregate\ Effects\ Measurement\ System\ Block\ Diagram^

**^TABLE\ 5^**

**^UWB\ Simulator\ Parameters\ for\ Aggregate\ Measurements^**

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- ----------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------------------------------------------
  ^TEST\ \#^                                                                         ^SIGNAL\ \#^   ^PRF/BW\ RATIO^   ^DITHER\ (%)^   ^GATING\ (%)^   ^RECEIVER\ IF\ OUT­PUT\ RESPONSE\ TO\ UWB\ SIGNAL^
                                                                                                                                                      
  ^1^                                                                                ^1^            ^36,799^          ^Yes\ (50%)^    ^TBD^           ^Noise-like^
                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                     ^2^            ^10/1^            ^Yes\ (50%)^    ^TBD^           ^Noise-like^
                                                                                     ^3^            ^10/1^            ^Yes\ (50%)^    ^TBD^           ^Noise-like^
                                                                                                                                                      
  ^2^                                                                                ^1^            ^10/1^            ^No^            ^TBD^           ^CW-like1^
                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                     ^2^            ^10/1^            ^No^            ^TBD^           ^CW-like1^
                                                                                     ^3^            ^10/1^            ^No^            ^TBD^           ^CW-like1^
                                                                                                                                                      
  ^3^                                                                                ^1^            ^1/10^            ^No^            ^TBD^           ^Pulse-like^
                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                    ^1/10^            ^No^            ^TBD^           ^Pulse-like^
                                                                                     ^2^            ^1/10^            ^No^            ^TBD^           ^Pulse-like^
                                                                                                                                                      
  ^4^                                                                                ^1^            ^10/1^            ^Yes^           ^TBD^           ^Noise-like^
                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                     ^2^            ^10/1^            ^No^            ^TBD^           ^CW-like1^
                                                                                     ^3^            ^1/10^            ^No^            ^TBD^           ^Pulse-like^
                                                                                                                                                      
  ^1.\ Spectrum\ analyzer\ should\ be\ tuned\ to\ center\ of\ PRF\ line\ spectra.^                                                                    
                                                                                                                                                      
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- ----------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------------------------------------------

^The\ following\ measured\ data\ will\ be\ taken.^

^1.\ For\ each\ source,\ set\ the\ spectrum\ analyzer\ resolution\ and\ video\ bandwidths\ to\ 1\ MHz,\ and\ record\ the\ APD\ at\ the\ spectrum\ analyzer\ IF\ output.\ Plot\ all\ three\ APDs\ on\ a\ single\ graph.\ Maintain\ equal\ output\ levels\ for\ the\ three\ simulator\ outputs.\ ^

^2.\ Combine\ two\ simulator\ outputs\ and\ measure\ the\ resulting\ APD\ in\ 1\ MHz\ bandwidth.^

^3.\ Combine\ three\ simulator\ outputs\ and\ repeat.^

^4.\ For\ UWB\ noise-like\ and\ CW-like\ signals\ at\ the\ spectrum\ analyzer\ output,\ use\ video\ averaging\ technique\ (VBW=1/100\ of\ RBW)\ on\ the\ spectrum\ analyzer\ to\ observe\ the\ aggregate\ effect.\ Perform\ stair-step\ measurement\ with\ one,\ two,\ and\ three\ simulators\ combined,\ and\ record.^

^5.\ Compare\ APDs\ of\ measured\ aggregates\ to\ results\ obtained\ by\ mathematically\ combining\ individual\ APDs.^

**^ANNEX\ A^**

**^FCC\ UWB\ Measurement\ Procedures^**

**^General\ Procedure:^**

1.  With the device under test (DUT) off, the spectrum analyzer (SA) is
    set to a frequency span that would encompass the known or suspected
    emission spectrum of the DUT. The SA is set to log scale (dBµV/m),
    with a peak detector. Because Part 15 emission limits for
    frequencies above 1 GHz are in terms of the average level of the
    emission, a resolution bandwidth (RBW) of 1 MHz with the video
    bandwidth (VBW) set to 10 Hz is used if the frequency is above 1
    GHz. A VBW of 1 MHz is used if the frequencies of interest are below
    1 GHz. A preamplifier (at least 26 dB gain) is used to assure that
    the signal is well above the noise floor of the SA. A calibrated
    antenna commensurate with the frequency range of the DUT is
    connected to the preamp. The ambient signal levels over the
    frequency range are noted/measured as a baseline.

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1.  The orientation of both the antenna and DUT are adjusted to ensure
    that the maximum signal strength is measured. The polarization
    antenna is set in the horizontal plane one meter from the ground
    plane and the distance between the antenna and DUT is set to 3
    meters. The DUT is rotated through 360 degrees while observing the
    both the frequency and level of the emissions on the SA. The antenna
    is raised and the process repeated until the maximum emission level
    and it's frequency are found. The antenna polarization is changed to
    vertical and the process of rotation of the DUT and raising and
    lowering the antenna is repeated until the maximum emission level
    and it's frequency are obtained.

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1.  After maximizing the emission by the procedure outlined above, the
    signal strength and frequency are recorded. A signal substitution
    method is used to determine the actual field strength. The antenna
    is removed and replaced with a calibrated signal generator and the
    signal substitution method is used to account for system gains and
    losses. The frequency of the signal generator is set to the same
    frequency at which the DUT produces the maximum emission. The power
    level of the signal generator is adjusted to give the same reading
    as the previous configuration. The signal generator power level is
    recorded and the field strength is computed by converting the power
    level to field strength using the equation E(dBFV/m) = 107 + signal
    generator output power in dBm + Antenna Factor at the frequency of
    maximum emission level. The calculated field strength is compared to
    the Part 15 limit at the appropriate frequency.

Note: If a measurement below 1 GHz does not comply with the Part 15
limits, the above procedure is repeated with using a quasi-peak
detector, as Part 15 emission limits for frequencies below 1 GHz are in
terms of quasi-peak.

**^ANNEX\ B^**

**^\ ^^Interference\ Protection\ Criteria\ Measurements\ (ITS)^**

^The\ objective\ of\ this\ procedure\ is\ to\ establish\ an\ I/N\ of\ 0\ dB\ at\ the\ victim\ receiver\ IF\ output\ across\ a\ wide\ range\ of\ UWB\ parameters.\ When\ I/N\ of\ 0\ is\ established,\ other\ levels\ (e.g.,\ -6\ dB,\ -10\ dB)\ can\ be\ set\ by\ adjusting\ input\ attenuation\ accordingly.^

^Technique:^

^1)\ For\ each\ bandwidth,\ determine\ spectrum\ analyzer\ RMS\ noise\ level\ using\ lowpass\ video\ filtering\ (RBW\ \$\ 100\ ×\ VBW).^

^2)\ For\ UWB\ signal\ with\ noise-like\ characteristics\ at\ IF\ output,\ couple\ into\ spectrum\ analyzer\ at\ a\ level\ at\ least\ 10\ dB\ above\ the\ spectrum\ analyzer\ video\ filtered\ noise\ established\ in\ step\ 1.\ Determine\ level\ using\ lowpass\ video\ filtering.\ Then\ add\ attenuation\ at\ spectrum\ analyzer\ input\ to\ achieve\ desired\ 0\ dB\ I/N\ ratio.\ Verify\ that\ new\ level\ is\ 3\ dB\ higher\ than\ inherent\ noise\ level.^

^3)\ For\ UWB\ signal\ with\ CW-like\ characteristics\ at\ IF\ output,\ couple\ into\ spectrum\ analyzer\ at\ a\ level\ 10\ dB\ or\ more\ higher\ than\ spectrum\ analyzer\ noise\ established\ in\ Step\ 1.\ Determine\ level\ using\ lowpass\ video\ filtering.\ Then\ add\ attenuation\ at\ spectrum\ analyzer\ input\ to\ achieve\ 0\ dB\ I/N\ ratio,\ taking\ into\ account\ that\ the\ log\ average\ of\ noise\ is\ measured\ 2.5\ dB\ lower\ than\ the\ actual\ RMS\ level.^

^4)\ For\ UWB\ signal\ with\ pulse-like\ characteristics\ at\ IF\ output,\ couple\ into\ spectrum\ analyzer\ at\ a\ peak-detected\ level\ 10\ dB\ or\ more\ higher\ than\ spectrum\ analyzer\ noise\ established\ in\ Step\ 1.\ Then\ add\ attenuation\ at\ spectrum\ analyzer\ input\ to\ achieve\ 0\ dB\ I/N\ ratio,\ taking\ into\ account\ that\ the\ log\ average\ of\ noise\ is\ measured\ 2.5\ dB\ lower\ than\ the\ actual\ RMS\ level.^

[^1]: Pending FAA response to NTIA.