\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*

READ AND **REMOVE THIS PAGE** BEFORE PLACING

THE SPECIFICATION SECTION IN THE CONTRACT

\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*

[DIVISION 2: SITE CONSTRUCTION]{.underline}

SECTION 02455 - DRIVEN PILES

USE: Furnishing and installing driven piles.

**NOTES TO SPECIFIER:**

A. Options within paragraphs are identified by enclosure in brackets;
blank spaces enclosed by brackets \[\_\_\_\_\_\] provide for information
to be inserted, as appropriate, to individual projects.

B. **TO AVOID CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS AND COSTLY MISTAKES,** the
specifier must edit (delete, substitute or add to the text). The
remaining paragraphs must be renumbered.

C. DELETE FOR FINAL COPY: Notes to the Specifier, located between lines
of asterisks; all \[brackets\], [underlining]{.underline}, **boldface**,
and *italics*, within the paragraphs; and this page. (Open Reveal Codes
\[alt F3\] to do this accurately.)

D. [To Edit "(Footer B)":]{.underline} (Corel 8). **ENTIRE FOOTER SHOULD
BE BOLDED.** Click in the footer and delete the "Project Name (ftr B)"
text and replace it with the **Name of the Project (upper and lower
case)**. Replace date with current MM/YY (WITHOUT BRACKETS).

E. The Guide Specifications are intended to be continuously reviewed and
revised. User's technical comments are appreciated. Also, other related
or similar specification that are written "from scratch" that could
benefit others, or other questions can be sent to NSTC A/E Group, ST
110, or call (303) 987-6868.

**DRAWING DATA REQUIRED:**

**REVISIONS OF THIS SECTION:**

CSI format, editorial changes 12/01

Metric: 10/99

Technical Update: 10/99

SECTION 02455

DRIVEN PILES

[PART 1: GENERAL]{.underline}

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes: Furnishing, installing, and testing of \[driven
wood friction piles\[, with preservative treatment,\] cut off at
elevations required.\]

\[driven rolled H-section steel piles\[, with protective coating,\] cut
off at elevations required.\]

\[cast-in-place concrete filled steel pipe piles\[, with conical tip,\]
end bearing type, terminated at elevations required.\]

\[driven prestressed precast concrete piles\[, with steel points,\]
connecting ends for multiple pile sections.\]

1.2 DEFINITIONS

A. Collar: A steel band attached to the top of a wood pile to minimize
splitting of the pile during driving operations.

B. Cut-off elevation: The top of the pile, cut to a specific elevation,
after driving.

C. Grade Beam: A horizontal structural member placed under the building
structural frame, used to transmit building loads to the pile.

D. Tip: A formed steel closure, placed on the bottom end of the pile,
used to ease the driving operation through difficult subsoil.

1.3 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

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USE THIS ARTICLE CAREFULLY; RESTRICT STATEMENTS TO IDENTIFY SYSTEM
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS OR FUNCTION CRITERIA ONLY.

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A. Drive piles to refusal of not less than \[[ ]{.underline}\] blows to
achieve \[[   ]{.underline}\] millimeters (\[[ ]{.underline}\] inches)
of additional depth.

B. Drive piles to \[defined load supporting capacity\] \[load supporting
capacity of \[[ ]{.underline}\] lb (\[[ ]{.underline}\] kg)\] \[as
indicated\].

1.4 SUBMITTALS

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DO NOT REQUEST SUBMITTALS IF DRAWINGS SUFFICIENTLY DESCRIBE THE
PRODUCTS.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

A. General: Submit under provisions of Section 01330 - Submittal
Procedures. \[and Section 01331 - Certificates.\]

B. Shop Drawings: Submit three copies that indicate details and schedule
of pile installation sequence. Identify \[recommended\] pile length and
\[diameter\] \[shape\] to suit \[design\] \[loads\] \[reinforcing\]
requirements.

C. Product Data: Submit three copies of material that provide details of
collars, \[tips,\] \[points,\] \[splices,\] \[cushion blocks\].

D. Certificates: Submit three copies of wood preservative treatment
certification.

E. Test Reports: Submit three copies for each driving and load-bearing
test within 2 days after completion of test.

F. Driving Records: Submit three copies for each pile \[to Contracting
Officer not later than 2 days after driving.\] \[under provisions of
Section 01780 - Closeout Submittals.\] Include the following data:

1\. Project name and number.

2\. Name of Contractor.

3\. Pile location, size, length, and number.

4\. Computed pile capacity.

5\. Sequence of driving.

6\. Type and size of equipment.

7\. Type and size of hammer used.

8\. Driving force of each hammer blow.

9\. Number of blows per foot (meter) entire length of piles and measured
set for last 10 blows.

10\. Type of pile driving cap used.

11\. Rate of operation of pile driving equipment.

12\. Elevation of point.

13\. Elevation of butt before and after cut-off.

14\. Ground elevation.

15\. Pile deviation.

16\. Pile uplift and reaction.

17\. Unusual occurrences during pile driving.

18\. Drilling: Hole diameters, start and tip elevations.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Fabricator Qualifications: Firm which has minimum of 5 years of
successful experience in fabrication of precast concrete units similar
to units required for this Project with sufficient production capacity
to produce required units without causing delay in Work.

1\. Fabricator must be an active member of the Prestressed Concrete
Institute (PCI) and participate in its Plant Certification Program.

B. Fabrication Qualifications: Produce precast concrete piles at a
fabricating plant engaged primarily in manufacture of similar units
unless plant fabrication or delivery to Project site is impractical.

1\. If units are produced at locations other than precast concrete
fabricating plants, maintain procedures and conditions for quality
control which are equivalent to plant production.

2\. Comply with PCI MNL - 116 \"Manual for Quality Control for Plants
and Production of Precast and Prestressed Concrete Products.\"

3\. Allowable Tolerances: Fabricate precast concrete piles to
dimensional tolerances recommended by PCI.

C. Welder Qualifications: Qualify welders, welding processes, and
procedures in accordance with AWS D1.1 \"Structural Welding Code -
Steel.\"

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INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH IF THE PILE DESIGN IS TO BE PERFORMED BY
THE CONTRACTOR.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

D. Design and select pile components under direct supervision of a
Professional Structural Engineer experienced in design of this work and
licensed in the State of \[[ ]{.underline}\].

E. Regulatory Requirements: Conform to applicable \[[ ]{.underline}\]
code for seismic requirements for piling.

F. Pre‑installation Conference: Convene one week prior to commencing
work of this Section, under provisions of Section 01312 - Project
Meetings.

1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Delivery: After pile lengths are verified, deliver materials to
Project site in such quantities and at such times to ensure continuity
of pile driving operations and adherence to project schedule.

B. Storage: Store piles in orderly groups above ground and blocked to
prevent distortion of members.

1.7 PROJECT CONDITIONS

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DELETE BELOW IF SUBSURFACE BORING DATA ARE NOT AVAILABLE.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

A. Site Information: Data on indicated subsurface conditions are not
intended as representations or warranties of continuity of such
conditions. It is expressly understood that the Government will not be
responsible for interpretations or conclusions drawn therefrom by
Contractor. The data are made available for convenience of Contractor.

B. Protection: Protect structures, underground utilities, and other
construction from damage caused by pile driving operations.

C. Benchmarks: Provide surveyed elevation benchmarks on structures where
directed by Contracting Officer before commencing work when structures
are within 10 feet (3 meters) of pile driving operations. Record and
report elevation of each bench mark after driving piles and at least
twice a day while pile driving is in progress. Should bench mark
readings indicate displacement, halt driving operations until corrective
action has been provided by Contractor, and is acceptable to Contracting
Officer.

1.8 SCHEDULING

A. Requirements: Schedule Work to perform driving and testing during
\[[   ]{.underline}\] hours.

[PART 2: PRODUCTS]{.underline}

2.1 TIMBER PILES

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ASTM D25 permits any species of wood, peeled or unpeeled, of tapered
length, and is based on structural strength, but requiring either the
tip or the butt diameter to be identified.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

A. General: Provide round, \[clean-peeled\] \[unpeeled\] \[Douglas Fir\]
\[Southern Pine\] timber piles, one piece from butt to tip, complying
with ASTM D 25.

1\. \[Splices are not permitted.\] \[Splices permitted only below
elevation \[[ ]{.underline}\].\]

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

BELOW ALLOWS THE USE OF CREOSOTE, PENTACHLOROPHENOL, OR WATER-BORNE
SALTS AS PRESERVATIVE OPTIONS. REVISE IF A SINGULAR TYPE IS REQUIRED.
VERIFY IF THERE ARE ANY LOCAL RESTRICTIONS FOR PRESERVATIVES\' VOLATILE
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

2\. Treat timber piles with a pressure preservative treatment in
accordance with AWPA C3 for foundation piles.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

RETAIN BELOW IF PILE TIP REINFORCEMENT IS REQUIRED. REVISE IF OTHER TYPE
OF TIP (PIPE OR WIRE MESH) IS REQUIRED.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

B. Driving Shoes: Fabricate of 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) thick steel plate to
suit pile tip diameter and secure to pile tip so as to not affect pile
alignment during driving.

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RETAIN BELOW IF STRAPPING REQUIRED FOR SEVERE DRIVING CONDITIONS.

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C. Strapping: 1-1/4 inch (32 mm ) wide, 0.031 inch (0.78 mm) thick,
cold-rolled, heat-treated steel, painted and waxed.

1\. Provide two straps located at approximately 18 inches (450 mm) and
24 inches (600 mm) from butt, applied by hand-operated or pneumatic
tensioner.

D. Field-Applied Wood Preservative: Treat field cuts and penetrations in
accordance with AWPA M4.

2.2 STEEL H-SECTION PILES

A. Steel: Hot-rolled, carbon steel structural shapes and plates,
complying with ASTM A 36/A 36M.

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COORDINATE BELOW WITH DRAWINGS.

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B. Fabrication: Provide splice plates, pile caps, and bottom plates of
same basic steel as pile sections. Fasten to H-piles with all-welded
connections, as shown on drawings.

C. Provide pile point reinforcement of same basic steel as pile
sections. Weld web reinforcement plates with a continuous fillet weld on
top and bottom edge only; weld flange reinforcement plates, angles, or
shapes with a continuous fillet weld on edges unless otherwise
indicated.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

ADD REQUIREMENTS FOR ANY PROTECTIVE SURFACE-APPLIED COATINGS. STEEL
H-SECTION PILING IS NOT NORMALLY AFFECTED BY CORROSION WHEN DRIVEN INTO
UNDISTURBED SOILS. PILE COATINGS MAY BE REQUIRED WHEN:

\*PILINGS ARE IN OR ABOVE WATER TABLE

\*WATER IS CONTAMINATED

\*THERE IS LOCAL SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION OR GENERATOR OF ELECTROLYTE
(SUCH AS CINDERFILL)

\*SOIL IS DISTURBED OR IS NOT TIGHT AROUND PILE BECAUSE OF CONSTRUCTION
OPERATIONS OR FILLING

\*THERE IS STRAY ELECTRICAL CURRENT

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2.3 CONCRETE-FILLED STEEL SHELL PILES

A. General: At Contractor\'s option, provide either type pile shell as
follows.

B. Step-Tapered Pile Shells: Lengths and diameters of tapered steps as
shown on drawings. Provide units of sufficient strength and thickness to
withstand driving forces without damage and to resist distortion or
buckling due to soil pressures, removal of mandrel, or redriving.
Fabricate shells to be watertight with not less than 0.25 inch (6.4 mm)
closure plate at bearing end.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

ABOVE ARE \"RAYMOND\" ONLY; BELOW ARE \"MONOTUBE\"(CONTINUOUS TAPER) AND
\"RAYMOND\"(STEP-TAPER).

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C. Uniformly Tapered Pile Shells: Vertically fluted units, lengths and
sizes as shown on drawings, of sufficient strength and thickness to
withstand driving forces without damage and to resist distortion or
buckling due to soil pressures. Fabricate shells to be watertight with
reinforced driving heads.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

DELETE OR REVISE BELOW TO SUIT PROJECT. AVAILABLE IN 3-, 5-, 7-, 9-, AND
11-GAGE (6.1, 5.3, 4.6, 3.8, 3.0 mm) METAL THICKNESSES.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

1\. Shell thickness not less than 4.6 mm (7 gauge).

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DELETE BELOW IF CONCRETE IS SPECIFIED IN OTHER SECTIONS.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

D. Portland Cement: ASTM C 150, Type I or II.

E. Aggregates: ASTM C 33, except local aggregates of proven durability
may be used when acceptable to Contracting Officer.

F. Water: Clean, drinkable.

G. Air-Entraining Admixture: ASTM C 260.

H. Water-Reducing Admixture: ASTM C 494, Type A.

I. Reinforcing Bars and Dowels: ASTM A 615M, Grade 400 (ASTM A 615,
Grade 60).

J. Concrete: ASTM C 94, and as follows:

K. Compressive strength of 20.7 MPa (3000 psi) minimum at 28 days;
maximum aggregate size of 3/4 inch (19 mm).

1\. Air content of 4 to 6 percent.

2.4 PRECAST CONCRETE PILES

A. Requirements: For precast, prestressed units, comply with
manufacturing and testing procedures, quality control recommendations,
and dimensional tolerances of PCI MNL-116.

B. Formwork: Use form facing materials that are nonreactive with
concrete and will produce acceptable finished surfaces and required
profile.

C. Chamfer corners of square piles at least 3/4 inch (19 mm) or round to
1 inch (25 mm ) radius, unless otherwise indicated.

D. Steel Reinforcing: ASTM A 615M, Grade 400 (ASTM A 615, Grade 60).
deformed bars and ASTM A 82 plain cold-drawn steel wire.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

DELETE BELOW IF NONE. REVISE IF GRADE 270 REQUIRED.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

E. Prestressing Tendons: ASTM A 416, Grade 250, seven-wire, uncoated,
stress-relieved steel strand.

F. Concrete: ASTM C 94, and as follows:

1\. Compressive strength of 34.5 MPa (5000 psi) minimum at 28 days.

2\. Slump at point of discharge of 3 inches (75 mm) maximum.

3\. Total air content of not less than 4 nor more than 6 percent.

G. Admixtures: Use admixtures in accordance with manufacturer\'s
instructions for climatic conditions prevailing at time of placement.

2.5 DRIVING EQUIPMENT

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COORDINATE REQUIRED RATED ENERGY PER BLOW WITH PILE DESIGN.

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A. General: Provide pile driving equipment of type generally used in
standard pile driving practice, operated at manufacturer\'s specified
rate, to develop required rated energy per blow.

B. Hammer: Provide pile driving hammers of sufficient capacity, size,
and type to be able to deliver consistently effective dynamic energy,
suitable to piles to be driven and to subgrade material into which they
are to be driven, when operating at not more than 75 percent efficiency
of rated driving energy.

C. Driving Caps: Equip hammer with cast steel or structural steel
driving cap with grooved base conforming to pile shape. Keep bearing
surfaces of grooves true and smooth.

D. Leads: Use fixed or rigid-type pile driver leads that will hold pile
firmly in position and alignment, and in axial alignment with hammer.
Extend leads to within 24 inches (600 mm) of elevation at which the pile
enters ground.

2.6 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL

A. Requirements: Provide shop \[testing and\] inspection of wood piles
under provisions of Section 01458 - Testing Laboratory Services.

1\. Test samples in accordance with ASTM D 245 and ASTM D 1760.

[PART 3: EXECUTION]{.underline}

3.1 PRELIMINARY WORK

A. Site Conditions: Do not drive piles until earthwork in area in which
piles are to be driven has been completed, as follows:

1\. Excavations: Earth excavation will be stopped at an elevation of 6
to 12 inches (150 to 300 mm ) above bottom of footing before piles are
driven. Final excavation of required elevation of footing bottoms will
be done as part of earthwork for buildings, after piles have been driven
and tested. See Section 02315 Excavation and Fill.

2\. Fills: Fills will be constructed and compacted to elevation of grade
indicated.

B. Pile Length Markings: Mark each pile length with horizontal line at
12 inch (300 mm ) intervals, and the distance from pile point at 60
inches (1500 mm ) intervals.

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DELETE BELOW IF NO SPLICES ARE ALLOWED FOR STEEL PILES. ADD PROVISIONS
FOR OTHER-THAN-WELD TYPE PILE SPLICES. DRAWINGS SHOULD SHOW SPLICE
DETAILS.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

C. Welded Splices: Clean surfaces to be welded of rust, scale, oil,
paint, and foreign material. Use only pile members with identical
cross-sections for splicing.

1\. Only one splice per pile will be permitted unless otherwise
authorized by Contracting Officer. Make splices before starting driving
operations wherever possible. If a welded splice is required during
driving operation, make splice when top of driven pile is at least 36
inches (900 mm) above ground to permit inspection of welded connection
during welding and during subsequent driving.

2\. Splices shall be 100 percent butt welded, producing straight pile
alignment through splice and developing full strength of pile in both
bearing and bending.

3.2 DRIVING PILES

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

EDIT BELOW FOR PILE TYPES NOT USED AS IT INCLUDES DIFFERENT TYPES

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

A. General: Continuously drive piles at locations indicated to required
point elevation and driving resistance established by driving and
loading of test piles.

1\. Maintain center of gravity for each group or cluster of piles to
conform to locations shown on drawings.

2\. Plumb leads and pile before driving. Take care during driving to
prevent, and to correct, any tendency of piles to twist or rotate.

3\. Protect wood pile head during driving using collar, with full
bearing on pile butt for even distribution of hammer blow.

4\. Deliver hammer blows to central axis of pile.

5\. If driving is interrupted before refusal, drive an additional 12
inches (300 mm ) before resuming recording of performance data.

6\. Re‑drive piles which have lifted due to driving adjacent piles, or
by soil uplift.

7\. Do not damage piles during driving operations.

8\. Cut off tops of piles to elevations indicated and prepare pile top
to receive \[pile cap.\] \[grade beams.\] \[[ ]{.underline}.\]

9\. Apply wood preservative to exposed ends of cut‑off piles in
accordance with AWPA M4.

B. Spud Piles: When high-resistant strata lying near the surface must be
penetrated, spud piles may be used to minimize hard driving of long
piles during early stages of driving operations.

C. Driving Tolerances: Drive piles within following maximum tolerances:

1\. Location: 6 inches (150 mm) from location indicated for center of
gravity of each single pile or pile groups; 1 inch (25 mm) for piles
under walls.

2\. Plumbness: Maintain 1 inch (25 mm) in 10 feet (3 m ) from vertical,
or a maximum of 4 inches (100 mm), measured when the pile is above
ground in leads.

3\. Batter Angle: Maximum 1 inch (25 mm) in 10 feet (3 m) from required
angle, measured when pile is above ground in leads.

4\. Cut-off Elevation: Maximum 4 inches (100 mm).

D. Pre-Excavating (Coring): Provide pre-excavated holes for piles driven
within 15 feet (4.5 m) of structures or underground utilities or if
driving of pile cannot be completed due to substrata obstruction, where
located and to depths shown on drawings. Drill holes with a diameter
less than cross-section dimension; exact size and depth as necessary to
produce satisfactory driving results.

1\. Backfill voids between pile and pre-excavated hole using
satisfactory soil materials.

E. Heaved Piles: Provide recorded instrument observations made during
pile driving to determine whether driven pile has lifted from its
original seat during driving of adjacent piles. If uplift occurs,
redrive affected piles to point elevation at least as deep as original
point elevation with a driving resistance at least as great as original
driving resistance.

F. Unacceptable Piles: Piles that fail tests, are placed out of
position, are below cut‑off elevations, are damaged or are driven
outside required driving tolerances will not be accepted.

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EDIT BELOW CONFLICTING STATEMENTS.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

1\. \[Withdraw piles rejected after driving and replace with new
piles.\] \[Piles rejected after driving may be abandoned and cut-off and
additional piles driven to replace rejected units at designated
locations.\]

2\. Drive additional pile or piles where centerline deviation exceeds 3
inches (75 mm ) and redesign indicates load on any pile exceeding 110
percent of design load.

3\. Solidly fill spaces left by withdrawn piles that will not be filled
by new piles using cohesionless soil material such as gravel, broken
stone, and gravel-sand mixtures. Place and compact throughout length of
space in lifts not exceeding 72 inches (1800 mm).

G. Cutting-Off: Cut-off tops of driven piles square with pile axis and
at elevations indicated. Dispose of excess materials off site.

H. Top Plates: After pile is cut off, weld top plates in place square
and level.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

DELETE BELOW ARTICLE IF PROJECT DOES NOT WARRANT LOAD TESTING.
SUBSTITUTE AN ACCEPTABLE \"FORMULA\" FOR DETERMINING THE SAFE
LOAD-BEARING CAPACITIES.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

3.3 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Site Tests: In absence of specific information for soil conditions at
site or information supplied by local building department, make load
tests to verify design pile lengths and loads. Provide complete testing
materials and equipment as required. Notify Contracting Officer in ample
time before performing tests.

1\. Field inspection will be performed by Contracting Officer.

B. Test Piles: Furnished and driven by Contractor to determine lengths
of piles, may be located, cut off, and become part of foundation system
provided they conform to Contract requirements.

C. Test Piles Required

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

WHERE ONLY SINGLE PILES ARE USED, SELECT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING. USE
2 SINGLE TEST PILES FOR FOUNDATION AREAS UP TO 465 sq m (5000 SQ FT).
USE 3 SINGLE TEST PILES FOR AREAS OVER 929 sq m (10,000 SQ.FT).

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

1\. Provide \[2\] \[3\] single test piles.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

WHERE FOUNDATIONS HAVE BOTH SINGLE PILES AND CLUSTER PILE GROUPS, USE
THE FOLLOWING OR REVISE TO SUIT PROJECT, OR DELETE.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

2\. Provide 2 single test piles and one group of 3 test piles.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

WHERE ONLY PILE GROUPS, USE THE FOLLOWING, OR REVISE TO SUIT PROJECT.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

3\. Provide one group of 3 test piles.

D. Driving Test Piles: Use test piles of same weight and section as
required for Project and drive with appropriate pile driving equipment
operating at rated driving energy to be used in driving permanent piles.

1\. Drive test piles at locations indicated to a point elevation below
final cut-off elevation equal to pile length specified as basis of bid,
or to refusal, whichever occurs first. Piles will be considered as
driven to refusal when 5 blows of hammer are required to produce a total
penetration of 1/4 inch (6 mm) or less.

E. Pile Design Load: Design load per pile as shown on drawings.

F. Pile Load Testing: Load and test piles which have been in place not
less than 48 hours to determine the load-settlement relationship of test
piles under a vertical axial load complying with ASTM D 1143.

1\. Apply loads in increments not exceeding 25 percent of allowable pile
load.

2\. The test pile will be considered as acceptable for stipulated
bearing capacity if total net settlement, after deducting rebound, does
not exceed 0.01 inch per ton (0.23 mm per 1000 kg) of test load.

G. Test Reports: Prepare reports for each test pile including: date of
driving; test pile location; designation and dimensions of pile; pile
point reinforcement and description, if any; total penetration; starting
and finishing times and total driving time and number of blows required
for each foot (meter) of penetration, total number of blows, and
resistance in blows per inch (25 mm) for the last 6 inches (150 mm) of
driving.

1\. Include with test pile reports a record of driving equipment used
including: hammer make and model number, stroke, weight of ram, and
rated driving energy; driving cap weight and description and actual rate
of operation of hammer during test pile driving.

[PART 4: MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT]{.underline}

4.1 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

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WHEN A \"LUMP SUM\" CONTRACT IS USED, DELETE THE TITLE PART 4:
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT, AND BOTH ARTICLES FROM THIS SECTION.
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT WILL BE ADDRESSED IN PART 4 OF SECTION 01009 -
GENERAL INFORMATION AND REQUIREMENTS SECTION 01010 -SUMMARY OF WORK.

WHEN NOT A \"LUMP SUM\" CONTRACT, SELECT APPLICABLE PHRASES; USE THE
\"NO MEASUREMENT\" PHRASE WHEN NONE OF THE PAY ITEMS IN THIS SECTION ARE
INCLUDED IN THE BID SCHEDULE.

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A. Units: The work described in this section will \[not be measured for
payment.\] \[be measured and paid for\] \[on a lump sum basis.\] \[by
the linear millimeter (foot) of piles indicated from point to cut-off,
plus 12 inches (300 mm) of overlength for cutting piles at required
cut-off elevations.\] \[Measurements will be based on effective length
of piles in place, with fractional lengths measured to nearest meter
(foot).\]

4.2 BASIS OF PAYMENT

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WHEN NOT A \"LUMP SUM\" CONTRACT AND PAYMENT IS TO BE MADE UNDER THIS
SECTION, SELECT APPLICABLE PAY ITEMS. DO NOT CHANGE PAY ITEM NUMBER.
WHEN MORE THAN ONE DIAMETER OR GAUGE IS SPECIFIED FOR ANY PAY ITEM,
LETTER SUFFIXES WILL BE ADDED AFTER THE PARENTHESIS OF THE ITEM NUMBER.
WHEN GOVERNMENT-FURNISHED PROPERTY IS SPECIFIED FOR PAY ITEMS, THE
LETTER SUFFIX GF WILL BE ADDED AFTER THE PARENTHESIS OF THE ITEM NUMBER.

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A. Payment: \[No direct payment for the work described under this
section will be made. Consideration for this item shall be included in
the bid price for other items of the Contract.\] \[Prices and payment
will be full compensation for the work described in this section
including labor, materials, tools, equipment, and incidentals and for
performing work for furnishing, driving, cutting-off and capping piles,
splicing and disposal of cut-offs. Test piles that become part of
completed foundation system will be considered as an integral part of
Work. No payment will be made for rejected piles including piles driven
out of place, imperfect piles, or piles damaged in driving or
handling.\] \[Payment will be made under:\]

[Pay Item]{.underline} [Pay Unit]{.underline}

02455(01) Wood Piles Lump Sum

02455(02) Wood Piles Linear Millimeter (Foot)

02455(03) H-Section Steel Piles Lump Sum

02455(04) H-Section Steel Piles Linear Millimeter (Foot)

02455(05) Concrete Filled Steel Pipe Piles Lump Sum

02455(06) Concrete Filled Steel Pipe Piles Linear Millimeter (Foot)

02455(07) Prestressed Concrete Piles Lump Sum

02455(08) Prestressed Concrete Piles Linear Millimeter (Foot)

END OF SECTION