SMILES : BrCCCC

    CHEM   : Butane, 1-bromo-

    CAS NUM: 000109-65-9

    MOL FOR: C4 H9 Br1 

    MOL WT : 137.02

    ------------------------------ EPI SUMMARY (v3.11) --------------------------

     Physical Property Inputs:

        Water Solubility (mg/L):   ------

        Vapor Pressure (mm Hg) :   ------

        Henry LC (atm-m3/mole) :   ------

        Log Kow (octanol-water):   ------

        Boiling Point (deg C)  :   ------

        Melting Point (deg C)  :   ------

    KOWWIN Program (v1.67) Results:

    ===============================

                      Log Kow(version 1.67 estimate): 2.65

    Experimental Database Structure Match:

      Name     :  1-Bromobutane

      CAS Num  :  000109-65-9

      Exp Log P:  2.75 

      Exp Ref  :  Hansch,C et al. (1995) 

     

    SMILES : BrCCCC

    CHEM   : Butane, 1-bromo-

    MOL FOR: C4 H9 Br1 

    MOL WT : 137.02

    -------+-----+--------------------------------------------+---------+--------

     TYPE  | NUM |        LOGKOW FRAGMENT DESCRIPTION         |  COEFF  |  VALUE 

    -------+-----+--------------------------------------------+---------+--------

     Frag  |  1  |  -CH3    [aliphatic carbon]                | 0.5473  |  0.5473

     Frag  |  3  |  -CH2-   [aliphatic carbon]                | 0.4911  |  1.4733

     Frag  |  1  |  -Br     [bromine, aliphatic attach]       | 0.3997  |  0.3997

     Const |     |  Equation Constant                         |         |  0.2290

    -------+-----+--------------------------------------------+---------+--------

                                                             Log Kow   =   2.6493

    MPBPWIN (v1.41) Program Results:

    ===============================

    Experimental Database Structure Match:

      Name     :  1-BROMOBUTANE

      CAS Num  :  000109-65-9

      Exp MP (deg C):  -112.4 

      Exp BP (deg C):  101.6 

      Exp VP (mm Hg):  4.20E+01 

      Exp VP (deg C):  25 

      Exp VP ref    :  DAUBERT,TE & DANNER,RP (1989) 

     

    SMILES : BrCCCC

    CHEM   : Butane, 1-bromo-

    MOL FOR: C4 H9 Br1 

    MOL WT : 137.02

    ------------------------ SUMMARY MPBPWIN v1.41 --------------------

    Boiling Point:  101.98 deg C (Adapted Stein and Brown Method)

    Melting Point:  -78.52 deg C (Adapted Joback Method)

    Melting Point:  -54.12 deg C (Gold and Ogle Method)

    Mean Melt Pt :  -66.32 deg C (Joback; Gold,Ogle Methods)

      Selected MP:  -66.32 deg C (Mean Value)

    Vapor Pressure Estimations (25 deg C):

      (Using BP: 101.60 deg C (exp database))

      (MP not used for liquids)

        VP:  42.4 mm Hg (Antoine Method)

        VP:  38.5 mm Hg (Modified Grain Method)

        VP:  42.4 mm Hg (Mackay Method)

      Selected VP:  40.4 mm Hg (Mean of Antoine & Grain methods)

    -------+-----+--------------------+----------+---------

     TYPE  | NUM |  BOIL DESCRIPTION  |  COEFF   |  VALUE  

    -------+-----+--------------------+----------+---------

     Group |  1  |  -CH3              |   21.98  |   21.98

     Group |  3  |  -CH2-             |   24.22  |   72.66

     Group |  1  |  -Br               |   76.28  |   76.28

       *   |     |  Equation Constant |          |  198.18

    =============+====================+==========+=========

    RESULT-uncorr|  BOILING POINT in deg Kelvin  |  369.10

    RESULT- corr |  BOILING POINT in deg Kelvin  |  375.14

                 |  BOILING POINT in deg C       |  101.98

    -------------------------------------------------------

    -------+-----+--------------------+----------+---------

     TYPE  | NUM |  MELT DESCRIPTION  |  COEFF   |  VALUE  

    -------+-----+--------------------+----------+---------

     Group |  1  |  -CH3              |   -5.10  |   -5.10

     Group |  3  |  -CH2-             |   11.27  |   33.81

     Group |  1  |  -Br               |   43.43  |   43.43

       *   |     |  Equation Constant |          |  122.50

    =============+====================+==========+=========

       RESULT    |  MELTING POINT in deg Kelvin  |  194.64

                 |  MELTING POINT in deg C       |  -78.52

    -------------------------------------------------------

    Water Sol from Kow (WSKOW v1.41) Results:

    ========================================

              Water Sol: 386.2 mg/L

    Experimental Water Solubility Database Match:

      Name     :  1-BROMOBUTANE

      CAS Num  :  000109-65-9

      Exp WSol :  869 mg/L (25 deg C)

      Exp Ref  :  YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992) 

     

    SMILES : BrCCCC

    CHEM   : Butane, 1-bromo-

    MOL FOR: C4 H9 Br1 

    MOL WT : 137.02

    ---------------------------------- WSKOW v1.41 Results ------------------------

    Log Kow  (estimated)  :  2.65 

    Log Kow (experimental):  2.75 

        Cas No: 000109-65-9

        Name  : 1-Bromobutane

        Refer : Hansch,C et al. (1995)

    Log Kow used by Water solubility estimates:  2.75

    Equation Used to Make Water Sol estimate:

       Log S (mol/L) = 0.796 - 0.854 log Kow - 0.00728 MW + Correction

           (used when Melting Point NOT available)

          Correction(s):         Value

          --------------------   -----

           No Applicable Correction Factors

       Log Water Solubility  (in moles/L) :  -2.550

       Water Solubility at 25 deg C (mg/L):  386.2

    WATERNT Program (v1.01) Results:

    ===============================

                      Water Sol (v1.01 est): 767.09 mg/L

    Experimental Water Solubility Database Match:

      Name     :  1-BROMOBUTANE

      CAS Num  :  000109-65-9

      Exp WSol :  869 mg/L (25 deg C)

      Exp Ref  :  YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992) 

     

    SMILES : BrCCCC

    CHEM   : Butane, 1-bromo-

    MOL FOR: C4 H9 Br1 

    MOL WT : 137.02

    -------+-----+--------------------------------------------+----------+---------

     TYPE  | NUM |    WATER SOLUBILITY FRAGMENT DESCRIPTION   |  COEFF   |  VALUE  

    -------+-----+--------------------------------------------+----------+---------

     Frag  |  1  |  -CH3    [aliphatic carbon]                |-0.3213   | -0.3213

     Frag  |  3  |  -CH2-   [aliphatic carbon]                |-0.5370   | -1.6111

     Frag  |  1  |  -Br     [bromine, aliphatic attach]       |-0.5688   | -0.5688

     Const |     |  Equation Constant                         |          |  0.2492

    -------+-----+--------------------------------------------+----------+---------

                                  Log Water Sol (moles/L) at 25 dec C  =   -2.2519

                                  Water Solubility (mg/L) at 25 dec C  =   767.09

    ECOSAR Program (v0.99g) Results:

    ===============================

    SMILES : BrCCCC

    CHEM   : Butane, 1-bromo-

    CAS Num: 

    ChemID1: 

    ChemID2: 

    ChemID3: 

    MOL FOR: C4 H9 Br1 

    MOL WT : 137.02

    Log Kow: 2.65  (KowWin estimate)

    Melt Pt:  

    Wat Sol: 132.4 mg/L  (calculated)

    ECOSAR v0.99g Class(es) Found

    ------------------------------

    Neutral Organics

                                                                        Predicted

    ECOSAR Class                 Organism            Duration  End Pt   mg/L (ppm)

    ===========================  ==================  ========  ======   ==========

    Neutral Organic SAR        : Fish                14-day    LC50       49.961

    (Baseline Toxicity)

    Neutral Organics           : Fish                96-hr     LC50       24.876

    Neutral Organics           : Fish                14-day    LC50       49.961

    Neutral Organics           : Daphnid             48-hr     LC50       27.880

    Neutral Organics           : Green Algae         96-hr     EC50       18.094

    Neutral Organics           : Fish                30-day    ChV         3.559

    Neutral Organics           : Daphnid             16-day    EC50        1.900

    Neutral Organics           : Green Algae         96-hr     ChV         2.634

    Neutral Organics           : Fish  (SW)          96-hr     LC50        7.803

    Neutral Organics           : Mysid Shrimp        96-hr     LC50        4.511

                                                                       mg/kg (ppm)

                                                                       dry wt soil

                                                                       ===========

    Neutral Organics           : Earthworm           14-day    LC50      531.600 *

     Note:  * = asterick designates: Chemical may not be soluble

            enough to measure this predicted effect.

             Fish and daphnid acute toxicity log Kow cutoff: 5.0

             Green algal EC50 toxicity log Kow cutoff: 6.4

             Chronic toxicity log Kow cutoff: 8.0

             MW cutoff: 1000

    HENRY (v3.10) Program Results:

    =============================

           Bond Est :  1.99E-002 atm-m3/mole

           Group Est:  1.62E-002 atm-m3/mole

    SMILES : BrCCCC

    CHEM   : Butane, 1-bromo-

    MOL FOR: C4 H9 Br1 

    MOL WT : 137.02

    --------------------------- HENRYWIN v3.10 Results --------------------------

     

    Experimental Database Structure Match:

      Name     :  1-BROMOBUTANE

      CAS Num  :  000109-65-9

      Exp HLC  :  8.71E-03 atm-m3/mole

      Temper   :  25 deg C

      Exp VP   :  4.20E+01 mm Hg

      Exp WSol :  8.69E+02 mg/L

     

    ----------+---------------------------------------------+---------+---------- 

       CLASS  |     BOND CONTRIBUTION DESCRIPTION           | COMMENT |  VALUE

    ----------+---------------------------------------------+---------+---------- 

     HYDROGEN |   9  Hydrogen to Carbon (aliphatic) Bonds   |         | -1.0771

     FRAGMENT |   3  C-C                                    |         |  0.3489

     FRAGMENT |   1  C-Br                                   |         |  0.8187

    ----------+---------------------------------------------+---------+---------- 

     RESULT   |    BOND ESTIMATION METHOD for LWAPC VALUE   |  TOTAL  |  0.091

    ----------+---------------------------------------------+---------+---------- 

    HENRYs LAW CONSTANT at 25 deg C = 1.99E-002 atm-m3/mole

                                    = 8.12E-001 unitless

    --------+-----------------------------------------------+------------+--------

            |        GROUP CONTRIBUTION DESCRIPTION         |   COMMENT  |  VALUE 

    --------+-----------------------------------------------+------------+--------

            |           1  CH3 (X)                          |            | -0.62

            |           2  CH2 (C)(C)                       |            | -0.30

            |           1  CH2 (C)(Br)                      |            |  1.10

    --------+-----------------------------------------------+------------+--------

     RESULT |  GROUP ESTIMATION METHOD for LOG GAMMA VALUE  |    TOTAL   |  0.18

    --------+-----------------------------------------------+------------+--------

    HENRYs LAW CONSTANT at 25 deg C = 1.62E-002 atm-m3/mole

                                    = 6.61E-001 unitless

    Henrys LC [VP/WSol estimate using EPI values]:

        HLC:  1.886E-002 atm-m3/mole

        VP:   40.4 mm Hg

        WS:   386 mg/L

    BIOWIN (v4.01) Program Results:

    ==============================

    SMILES : BrCCCC

    CHEM   : Butane, 1-bromo-

    MOL FOR: C4 H9 Br1 

    MOL WT : 137.02

    --------------------------- BIOWIN v4.01 Results ----------------------------

        Linear Model Prediction    :  Biodegrades Fast

        Non-Linear Model Prediction:  Does Not Biodegrade Fast

        Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe:  Weeks

        Primary  Biodegradation Timeframe:  Days

        MITI Linear Model Prediction    :  Biodegrades Fast

        MITI Non-Linear Model Prediction:  Does Not Biodegrade Fast

    ------+-----+--------------------------------------------+---------+---------

     TYPE | NUM |        BIOWIN FRAGMENT DESCRIPTION         |  COEFF  |  VALUE  

    ------+-----+--------------------------------------------+---------+---------

     Frag |  1  |  Linear C4 terminal chain  [CCC-CH3]       |  0.1084 |  0.1084

     Frag |  1  |  Aliphatic bromide   [-Br]                 | -0.0462 | -0.0462

     MolWt|  *  |  Molecular Weight Parameter                |         | -0.0652

     Const|  *  |  Equation Constant                         |         |  0.7475

    ============+============================================+=========+=========

       RESULT   |     LINEAR BIODEGRADATION PROBABILITY      |         |  0.7446

    ============+============================================+=========+=========

    ------+-----+--------------------------------------------+---------+---------

     TYPE | NUM |        BIOWIN FRAGMENT DESCRIPTION         |  COEFF  |  VALUE  

    ------+-----+--------------------------------------------+---------+---------

     Frag |  1  |  Linear C4 terminal chain  [CCC-CH3]       |  1.8437 |  1.8437

     Frag |  1  |  Aliphatic bromide   [-Br]                 | -4.4432 | -4.4432

     MolWt|  *  |  Molecular Weight Parameter                |         | -1.9457

    ============+============================================+=========+=========

       RESULT   |   NON-LINEAR BIODEGRADATION PROBABILITY    |         |  0.1770

    ============+============================================+=========+=========

     A Probability Greater Than or Equal to 0.5 indicates --> Biodegrades Fast

     A Probability Less Than 0.5 indicates --> Does NOT Biodegrade Fast

    ------+-----+--------------------------------------------+---------+---------

     TYPE | NUM |        BIOWIN FRAGMENT DESCRIPTION         |  COEFF  |  VALUE  

    ------+-----+--------------------------------------------+---------+---------

     Frag |  1  |  Linear C4 terminal chain  [CCC-CH3]       |  0.2983 |  0.2983

     Frag |  1  |  Aliphatic bromide   [-Br]                 |  0.0290 |  0.0290

     MolWt|  *  |  Molecular Weight Parameter                |         | -0.3028

     Const|  *  |  Equation Constant                         |         |  3.1992

    ============+============================================+=========+=========

       RESULT   |   SURVEY MODEL - ULTIMATE BIODEGRADATION   |         |  3.2237

    ============+============================================+=========+=========

    ------+-----+--------------------------------------------+---------+---------

     TYPE | NUM |        BIOWIN FRAGMENT DESCRIPTION         |  COEFF  |  VALUE  

    ------+-----+--------------------------------------------+---------+---------

     Frag |  1  |  Linear C4 terminal chain  [CCC-CH3]       |  0.2691 |  0.2691

     Frag |  1  |  Aliphatic bromide   [-Br]                 |  0.0354 |  0.0354

     MolWt|  *  |  Molecular Weight Parameter                |         | -0.1977

     Const|  *  |  Equation Constant                         |         |  3.8477

    ============+============================================+=========+=========

       RESULT   |   SURVEY MODEL - PRIMARY BIODEGRADATION    |         |  3.9545

    ============+============================================+=========+=========

     Result Classification:   5.00 -> hours     4.00 -> days    3.00 -> weeks

      (Primary & Ultimate)    2.00 -> months    1.00 -> longer

    ------+-----+--------------------------------------------+---------+---------

     TYPE | NUM |        BIOWIN FRAGMENT DESCRIPTION         |  COEFF  |  VALUE  

    ------+-----+--------------------------------------------+---------+---------

     Frag |  1  |  Aliphatic bromide   [-Br]                 |  0.0967 |  0.0967

     Frag |  1  |  Methyl  [-CH3]                            |  0.0004 |  0.0004

     Frag |  3  |  -CH2-  [linear]                           |  0.0494 |  0.1482

     MolWt|  *  |  Molecular Weight Parameter                |         | -0.4076

     Const|  *  |  Equation Constant                         |         |  0.7121

    ============+============================================+=========+=========

       RESULT   |  MITI LINEAR BIODEGRADATION PROBABILITY    |         |  0.5499

    ============+============================================+=========+=========

    ------+-----+--------------------------------------------+---------+---------

     TYPE | NUM |        BIOWIN FRAGMENT DESCRIPTION         |  COEFF  |  VALUE  

    ------+-----+--------------------------------------------+---------+---------

     Frag |  1  |  Aliphatic bromide   [-Br]                 | -0.5561 | -0.5561

     Frag |  1  |  Methyl  [-CH3]                            |  0.0194 |  0.0194

     Frag |  3  |  -CH2-  [linear]                           |  0.4295 |  1.2885

     MolWt|  *  |  Molecular Weight Parameter                |         | -3.9556

    ============+============================================+=========+=========

       RESULT   | MITI NON-LINEAR BIODEGRADATION PROBABILITY |         |  0.3367

    ============+============================================+=========+=========

     A Probability Greater Than or Equal to 0.5 indicates --> Readily Degradable

     A Probability Less Than 0.5 indicates --> NOT Readily Degradable

    AOP Program (v1.91) Results:

    ===========================

    SMILES : BrCCCC

    CHEM   : Butane, 1-bromo-

    MOL FOR: C4 H9 Br1 

    MOL WT : 137.02

    ------------------- SUMMARY (AOP v1.91): HYDROXYL RADICALS -------------------

    Hydrogen Abstraction       =   2.1662 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec

    Reaction with N, S and -OH =   0.0000 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec

    Addition to Triple Bonds   =   0.0000 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec

    Addition to Olefinic Bonds =   0.0000 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec

    Addition to Aromatic Rings =   0.0000 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec

    Addition to Fused Rings    =   0.0000 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec

       OVERALL OH Rate Constant =   2.1662 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec

       HALF-LIFE =     4.938 Days (12-hr day; 1.5E6 OH/cm3)

       HALF-LIFE =    59.251 Hrs

    ------------------- SUMMARY (AOP v1.91): OZONE REACTION ----------------------

                   ******  NO OZONE REACTION ESTIMATION ******

                   (ONLY Olefins and Acetylenes are Estimated)

    Experimental Database Structure Match:

      Chem Name :  1-Bromobutane

      CAS Number:  000109-65-9

      Exper OH rate constant   :  2.5  E-12  cm3/molecule-sec

        Exper OH Reference:  TOSATO,ML ET AL. (1991)

      Exper Ozone rate constant:  ---  cm3/molecule-sec

      Exper NO3 rate constant  :  ---  cm3/molecule-sec

    PCKOC Program (v1.66) Results:

    =============================

                       Koc (estimated): 80.8

    SMILES : BrCCCC

    CHEM   : Butane, 1-bromo-

    MOL FOR: C4 H9 Br1 

    MOL WT : 137.02

    --------------------------- PCKOCWIN v1.66 Results ---------------------------

             First Order Molecular Connectivity Index  ........... :  2.414

             Non-Corrected Log Koc  .............................. :  1.9072

             Fragment Correction(s) -->  NONE                      :   ---

             Corrected Log Koc  .................................. :  1.9072

                             Estimated Koc:  80.77     

    HYDROWIN Program (v1.67) Results:

    ================================

    SMILES : BrCCCC

    CHEM   : Butane, 1-bromo-

    MOL FOR: C4 H9 Br1 

    MOL WT : 137.02

    --------------------------- HYDROWIN v1.67 Results ---------------------------

                             R2

                             |               X: -Br  (Leaving halogen in R1)

    ALKYL HALIDE:         R1-C-H            R1: -CH2-Br             

                             |              R2: -CH2-CH3            

                             R3             R3: -H                  

     Kb hydrolysis at atom #  3:  4.119E-009  L/mol-sec

     Total Kb for pH > 8 at 25 deg C :  4.119E-009  L/mol-sec

     Kb Half-Life at pH 8: 5.332E+006  years  

     Kb Half-Life at pH 7: 5.332E+007  years  

       The rate constant estimated for the ALKYL HALIDE DOES NOT

       include the neutral hydrolysis rate constant!!

       For some alkyl halides, the neutral rate constant is the

       dominant hydrolysis rate at environmental pHs!

       If the neutral rate constant is important, the HYDRO

       estimated rate will under-estimate the actual rate!

    BCF Program (v2.15) Results:

    ===========================

    SMILES : BrCCCC

    CHEM   : Butane, 1-bromo-

    MOL FOR: C4 H9 Br1 

    MOL WT : 137.02

    --------------------------------- Bcfwin v2.15 --------------------------------

    Log Kow  (estimated)  :  2.65 

    Log Kow (experimental):  2.75

    Log Kow used by BCF estimates:  2.75

    Equation Used to Make BCF estimate:

       Log BCF = 0.77 log Kow - 0.70 + Correction

          Correction(s):                    Value

           No Applicable Correction Factors

       Estimated Log BCF =  1.418  (BCF = 26.15)

                                Volatization From Water 

                                ======================= 

    Chemical Name: Butane, 1-bromo-

    Molecular Weight    :  137.02 g/mole 

    Water Solubility    :  ----- 

    Vapor Pressure      :  ----- 

    Henry's Law Constant:  0.00871 atm-m3/mole  (Henry experimental database) 

                                 RIVER             LAKE 

                               ---------         --------- 

    Water Depth     (meters):   1                 1          

    Wind Velocity    (m/sec):   5                 0.5        

    Current Velocity (m/sec):   1                 0.05       

          HALF-LIFE (hours) :   1.273             112        

          HALF-LIFE (days ) :   0.05305           4.668      

    STP Fugacity Model:  Predicted Fate in a Wastewater Treatment Facility

    ======================================================================

    PROPERTIES OF: Butane, 1-bromo-

    -------------

    Molecular weight (g/mol)                               137.02 

    Aqueous solubility (mg/l)                              0 

    Vapour pressure (Pa)                                   0 

                    (atm)                                  0 

                    (mm Hg)                                0 

    Henry 's law constant (Atm-m3/mol)                     0.00871 

    Air-water partition coefficient                        0.356213 

    Octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow)              562.341 

    Log Kow                                                2.75 

    Biomass to water partition coefficient                 113.268 

    Temperature [deg C]                                    25 

    Biodeg rate constants (h^-1),half life in biomass (h) and in 2000 mg/L MLSS (h):

              -Primary tank        0.00      1846.96       10000.00

              -Aeration tank       0.00      1846.96       10000.00

              -Settling tank       0.00      1846.96       10000.00

     STP Overall Chemical Mass Balance:

     ---------------------------------

                                 g/h               mol/h          percent

     

    Influent                    1.00E+001         7.3E-002        100.00

     

    Primary sludge              1.54E-001         1.1E-003         1.54

    Waste sludge                5.52E-002         4.0E-004         0.55

    Primary volatilization      1.25E-001         9.1E-004         1.25

    Settling volatilization     8.02E-002         5.9E-004         0.80

    Aeration off gas            7.35E+000         5.4E-002        73.49

    Primary biodegradation      2.08E-003         1.5E-005         0.02

    Settling biodegradation     1.46E-004         1.1E-006         0.00

    Aeration biodegradation     1.96E-003         1.4E-005         0.02

     

    Final water effluent        2.23E+000         1.6E-002        22.32

     

    Total removal               7.77E+000         5.7E-002        77.68

    Total biodegradation        4.18E-003         3.1E-005         0.04

    Level III Fugacity Model (Full-Output):

    =======================================

      Chem Name   : Butane, 1-bromo-

      Molecular Wt: 137.02

      Henry's LC  : 0.00871 atm-m3/mole (Henry database)

      Vapor Press : 40.4 mm Hg  (Mpbpwin program)

      Log Kow     : 2.75  (Kowwin program)

      Soil Koc    : 231  (calc by model)

               Mass Amount    Half-Life    Emissions

                (percent)        (hr)       (kg/hr)

       Air       29.5            103          1000       

       Water     42.1            360          1000       

       Soil      28.1            360          1000       

       Sediment  0.314           1.44e+003    0          

                 Fugacity    Reaction    Advection   Reaction    Advection

                  (atm)      (kg/hr)      (kg/hr)    (percent)   (percent)

       Air       2.35e-010    890         1.32e+003   29.7        43.9      

       Water     5.97e-008    362         188         12.1        6.26      

       Soil      7.5e-008     242         0           8.05        0         

       Sediment  3.41e-008    0.675       0.0281      0.0225      0.000935  

       Persistence Time: 149 hr

       Reaction Time:    299 hr

       Advection Time:   297 hr

       Percent Reacted:  49.8

       Percent Advected: 50.2

       Half-Lives (hr), (based upon Biowin (Ultimate) and Aopwin):

          Air:      102.7

          Water:    360

          Soil:     360

          Sediment: 1440

            Biowin estimate: 3.224  (weeks       )

       Advection Times (hr):

          Air:      100

          Water:    1000

          Sediment: 5e+004

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------