\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*

READ AND **REMOVE THIS PAGE** BEFORE PLACING

THE SPECIFICATION SECTION IN THE CONTRACT

\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*

[DIVISION 2: SITEWORK]{.underline}

SECTION 02527 ‑ WELL DRILLING AND CASING

USE: Drilling and casing water wells.

**NOTES TO SPECIFIER:**

A. Options within paragraphs are identified by enclosure in brackets;
blank spaces enclosed by brackets \[\_\_\_\_\_\] provide for information
to be inserted, as appropriate, to individual projects.

B. **TO AVOID CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS AND COSTLY MISTAKES,** the
specifier must edit (delete, substitute or add to the text). The
remaining paragraphs must be renumbered.

C. DELETE FOR FINAL COPY: Notes to the Specifier, located between lines
of asterisks; all \[brackets\], [underlining]{.underline}, **boldface**,
and *italics*, within the paragraphs; and this page. (Open Reveal Codes
\[alt F3\] to do this accurately.)

D. [To Edit "(Footer B)":]{.underline} (Corel 8). **ENTIRE FOOTER SHOULD
BE BOLDED.** Click in the footer and delete the "Project Name (ftr B)"
text and replace it with the **Name of the Project (upper and lower
case)**. Replace date with current MM/YY (WITHOUT BRACKETS).

E. The Guide Specifications are intended to be continuously reviewed and
revised. User's technical comments are appreciated. Also, other related
or similar specification that are written "from scratch" that could
benefit others, or other questions can be sent to NSTC A/E Group, ST
110, or call (303) 987-6868.

**DRAWING DATA REQUIRED:**

**REVISIONS OF THIS SECTION:**

CSI format, editorial changes 12/01

Metric: Not Applicable

Technical Update: unknown

**SECTION 02527**

**WELL DRILLING AND CASING**

**[PART 1: GENERAL]{.underline}**

**1.1 SUMMARY**

**A. Section Includes: Drilling water wells and installing
\[Contractor‑furnished property\] \[Government‑furnished property\]
\[Contractor‑furnished property and Government‑furnished property\] in
water wells.**

**1.2 SUBMITTALS**

**A. General: Submittals shall be according to \[Section 01009 - General
Information and Requirements.\] \[Section 01330 - Submittal
Procedures.\] \[and\] \[Section 01331 - Certificates.\]**

**B. Certificates of Conformance: Submit three copies of written
certification from the pipe manufacturer of the Contractor-furnished
pipe to be used on this project. Pipe shall conform to the ASTM or API
requirements of this specification section.**

**C. Records: Submit three copies of the well logs and samples described
in this section to the Contracting Officer upon completion of the
well.**

**1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE**

**A. Labeling Requirements: Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) plastic casing
shall carry the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) seal of approval
for well casing (NSF-WC).**

**1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING**

**A. Storage: Carefully store materials off the ground to provide proper
protection against oxidation caused by ground contact. Replace defective
or damaged materials at the Contractor\'s expense.**

**1.5 PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS**

**A. Moving Equipment Between Wells: Moving equipment between wells
includes work of moving equipment, materials, and tools, and setting up
at each well site; removing equipment, tools, and materials; and moving
them to the next well site.**

**B. Standby Time: The Government may elect to perform tests in the
wells or perform other work not covered in this specification section.
If the tests or other work require the use of the drill rig, including a
minimum two‑man crew, rig time will be paid. When the Contractor is
required to stand idle and unable to perform work on the well, standby
time will be paid.**

**1.6 SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING**

**A. Drilling Program: Within 10 calendar days after the date of receipt
of notice to proceed, submit to the Contracting Officer for approval a
complete and practicable drilling program. The program shall provide for
orderly performance of the work and be in such form and detail as to
show the following:**

**1. Sequence of drilling operations.**

**2. The days of the week and month that work is to be performed.**

**3. The number and length of each shift per day. The length of a shift
may be extended in the field as required to avoid interrupting a
drilling and testing operation.**

**4. Number and type of rigs to be operated simultaneously.**

**5. Plan for mud pits and disposal of waste.**

**[PART 2: PRODUCTS]{.underline}**

**2.1 MATERIALS**

**A. Casing: Materials specified shall be new and free from defects. No
used or old material will be accepted. However, when necessary or
desirable to use temporary casing, the temporary casing may be used
casing, subject to the approval of the Contracting Officer. Also see
Section 01019 ‑ Government‑Furnished Property.**

**B. Steel Casing: Steel casing shall be either seamless or
electric‑welded black steel pipe, with either welded or threaded and
coupled joints conforming to ASTM A 53 Grade B, or line pipe conforming
to API 5L, either Grade A or B. Each section of steel casing shall be
marked to show the diameter, standard number, weight, wall thickness;
and United States manufacturer. Physical dimensions shall be as
follows:**

**STEEL WATER WELL CASING**

** Minimum**

** Nominal External Minimum Weight per**

** Size Diameter Wall Thickness Foot**

** (inches) (inches) (inches) (lb) **

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

** 3 3.500 0.216 7.58**

** 4 4.500 0.237 10.79**

** 5 5.563 0.258 14.62**

** 6 6.625 0.280 18.97**

** 8 8.625 0.277 24.70**

** 10 10.750 0.307 34.24**

** 12 12.750 0.330 43.77**

** 14 14.000 0.375 54.57**

** 16 16.000 0.375 62.58**

** 18 18.000 0.375 70.59**

** 20 20.000 0.375 78.60**

** 24 24.000 0.375 94.62**

**C. PVC Plastic Casing: Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) plastic casing shall
be PVC 1120 pipe conforming to ASTM F 480. Each section of PVC plastic
casing shall be marked to show, at a minimum, the diameter, type of
material, standard number, SDR number, and United States manufacturer.
Physical dimensions shall be as follows:**

**PVC WATER WELL CASING/LINER**

**(200 psi)**

**SDR 21**

** Minimum**

** Nominal External Minimum Weight per**

** Size Diameter Wall Thickness Foot**

** (inches) (inches) (inches) (lb) **

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

** 4 4.500 0.214 1.875**

** 5 5.563 0.265 2.870**

** 6 6.625 0.316 4.074**

** 8 8.625 0.410 6.884**

** 10 10.750 0.511 10.693**

** 12 12.750 0.606 15.042**

** 16 16.000 0.762 23.748**

**D. PVC Plastic Fittings: Fittings shall be of the same material as
casing, and with a pressure rating equal to or greater than casing.
Solvent‑weld type fittings shall be designed to be interference fit for
at least one‑half of the socket depth and have a beveled entrance to
prevent wiping off of solvents while being installed.**

**E. PVC Solvents: Primer and cement shall be recommended and approved
by the pipe manufacturer. Primer and cement shall be approved by NSF for
potable water. Primer and cement shall conform to ASTM F 656 and ASTM D
2564 respectively.**

**F. Steel Casing Joints: Shall be watertight, and may be either welded
or threaded and coupled.**

**G. PVC Casing Joints: May either be solvent‑weld type, using a locking
coupling such as Certainteed, Certa‑lok or equivalent, or flush‑type
threaded or threaded and coupled. Casing joints shall be joined
watertight according to the manufacturer\'s recommendations. Reinforce
each joint of solvent‑welded pipe with a minimum of three metal screws;
these screws will not protrude from the inside wall of pipe.**

**H. Sample Bags: Furnished by the Government.**

**I. Bentonite: Granular bentonite shall be either American Colloid KWK,
CS/55 or approved equal. Pellet bentonite shall be American Colloid
Vol‑Clay or approved equal.**

**J. Bio-Degradable Drilling Fluid: A guar-based, organic polymer
drilling fluid shall be used in water bearing zones. The material shall
be certified by the manufacturer to dissolve and breakdown when dosed
with chlorine.**

**K. Drilling Foam: A drilling foam certified by the manufacturer for
use with air-rotary drilling rigs shall be used when specified.**

**L. Stainless Steel Well Screen: The well screens shall be of the size
shown on the Work Data Sheet. The screens shall be of wire‑wound,
cage‑type, v‑slot, all‑welded construction, type 304 stainless steel. At
least 95% of the screen slot openings shall be completely clean and free
of burrs, frayed edges, cuttings, slag and other such materials.
\[Screen shall have a weld ring for attachment to the casing.\] \[Screen
shall have a K-packer for insertion into the casing.\] \[Recommend the
size of screen to be approved by the Contracting Officer.\]**

**M. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Well Screen: The well screens shall be of
the size shown on the Work Data Sheet. The screens shall be of the
continuous slot, wire‑wound, PVC material. At least 95% of the screen
slot openings shall be completely clean and free of burrs, frayed edges
and cuttings. \[Screen shall have a fastening ring for attachment to PVC
casing.\] \[Screen shall have a K-packer for insertion into the
casing.\]**

**N. Formation Packers: \[Backfill material containing gravel no larger
than 3/4-inch\] \[gravel passing a 3/8-inch sieve and containing no more
than 10% fines passing a No. 200 sieve\] shall be used for formation
packers. \[Material shall be washed and disinfected with a 0.1% chlorine
solution before being placed in the well.\]**

**O. Gravel Packing: \[After reaching the water-bearing zone and test
pumping indicates that gravel packing will be required, obtain samples
of the sand formation and recommend the size and quantity of gravel
packing required to the Contracting Officer for approval. Submit
material samples and analyses along with the recommendation.\] \[Gravel
packing shall be Government-furnished.\] \[Gravel packing shall be size
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\].\]**

**P. Casing Centralizers: Shall be \[steel\] \[PVC\] \[Polyethylene\]
sized to fit the casing and the hole.**

**Q. Cement Baskets: Shall be sized to fit the casing and the hole.**

**R. Shale traps: Shall be sized to fit the casing and the hole.**

**2.2 EQUIPMENT**

**A. Drilling Equipment: Shall be that required to drill wells according
to the drilling method shown on the Work Data Sheet.**

**2.3 MIXES**

**A. Grout: Shall be Type \[II\] \[V\] portland cement, water, \[and\]
sand \[and a maximum of 2% calcium chloride\]. Portland cement shall
meet the requirements of ASTM C 150 \[and the calcium chloride shall
meet the requirements of ASTM D 98\]. Mixed grout shall be 1 part
portland cement and 3 parts sand mixed with no more than 6 gallons of
water per 94 pound sack of cement to form a workable mix.**

**[PART 3: EXECUTION]{.underline}**

**3.1 PREPARATION**

**A. Clearing: Worksite clearing shall be a maximum 50 ft by 100 ft area
or as designated and staked by the Contracting Officer.**

**B. Site Preparation: Surface disturbance at sites will be minimized.
However, construction sites may be leveled as necessary for drilling
operations. Construction shall be as staked by the Contracting Officer.
Resultant cut or fill slopes shall not be steeper than 4:1, unless
staked otherwise.**

**3.2 INSTALLATION**

**A. Well Log and Samples: Shall be taken according to Section 02525 ‑
Water Supply Wells.**

**B. Drilling Location: Drill each well at the location staked or
otherwise designated by the Contracting Officer.**

**C. Drilling Fluid Additives: Shall not be used unless they have been
approved in writing by the Contracting Officer.**

**D. Hole Size: Shall be of sufficient diameter to accommodate the
specified casing \[, gravel pack\] and grout seal, but shall not be less
than \[\_\_\_\_\] inches.**

**E. Drilling Depth: As shown on the Work Data Sheet.**

**F. Aquifers: Take care not to seal off or bypass aquifers in the
drilling process unless approved by the Contracting Officer.**

**G. Depth of Casing: The hole shall be cased the full depth unless
casing of a portion of the well is deemed unnecessary by the Contracting
Officer.**

**H. Casing Installation: If the Contracting Officer determines that
casing is not required to full depth in consolidated formations, the
casing shall extend at least 5 feet into the rock formation to assure a
proper seat and bottom seal, a proper seal shall be made. PVC casing
shall not be driven. If casing is driven, it shall be fitted with a
drive shoe and shall be driven to refusal. If the casing is placed in an
oversize hole rather than driven, cement grout shall be placed in the
bottom of the hole as described in the article describing grouting. The
joined casing string shall be installed in a pre-drilled hole, and it
shall be lowered into place with the drilling machine utilizing clamps,
elevators, or other mechanical devices. Cement baskets and shale traps
shall be installed as necessary.**

**I. Water‑Bearing Strata: When it is necessary to extend casing through
a water‑bearing zone, the portion of the casing opposite the water
bearing zone shall be \[perforated\] \[screened\] as approved by the
Contracting Officer.**

**J. Casing at the Wellhead: \[Extend the casing not less than 2 feet
above the\] \[well platform.\] \[final ground level.\] \[The watertight
casing or pitless wellhead shall extend at least 18 inches above the\]
\[well platform.\] \[final ground level.\] There shall be no openings in
the casing wall below its top except for the approved pitless wellheads,
measurement access ports, and grout nipples installed in conformance
with these standards.**

**K. Grouting: Upon satisfactory completion of the well, the upper \[[
]{.underline}\] ft of the casing shall be grouted. Place the grout to
prevent surface water and other impurities from entering the well by
infiltration along the surface and the casing. The upper limit of the
grout seal shall be one foot below the field connection of the pitless
wellhead. Force the grout from the bottom of the grout space toward the
ground surface in a continuous operation, using a tremie pipe. Allow
grout to set for 3 days before doing work that may disturb it or cause
it to crack. Protect the grout from damage and ensure that proper curing
occurs during the 3‑day setting period.**

**L. Stainless Steel Well Screen: Select the installation method,
according to the screen manufacturer\'s recommendations. Screen may have
either a welding ring or pipe‑thread end fitting. Welds shall be made
with stainless-steel welding rod. The screen fittings shall be stainless
steel of the same type as the screen.**

**1. Screen sections for a single interval may be joined by threaded and
coupled joints, socket‑type fittings or electric arc or acetylene
welding, as recommended by the screen manufacturer. Joints must be
straight and tight, and must retain 100% of the original screen
strength.**

**2. Seal the bottom of the screen in a manner that is compatible with
screen installation.**

**3. When the screen is telescoped in, a K-packer approved by the screen
manufacturer shall be used.**

**M. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Well Screen: Select the installation
method, according to the screen manufacturer\'s recommendations. The
screen joints shall have either threaded or solvent‑welded slip fittings
as recommended by the manufacturer. Solvent cement shall have a fast
curing speed and heavy viscosity and shall meet the requirements of ASTM
D 2564. Allow no movement of newly assembled joint when solvent‑welded,
until initial set has taken place. This period of time shall be a
minimum of 5 minutes or longer if recommended by the manufacturer.**

**N. Gravel Packing: Install a minimum thickness of \[2\] inches of
gravel pack material around the screen.**

**1. Disinfection: Disinfect the gravel pack material by mixing 1 lb
calcium hypochlorite in each cubic yard of packing material as it is
installed in the well.**

**2. Placement: Place material with a tremie pipe. As the pack material
is being placed, the tremie pipe is raised in such a manner that the
free fall of pack material below the bottom of the pipe does not exceed
5 ft. The placement of pack material shall be continued at a uniform
rate until completed. The pack material may be poured or shoveled into
the tremie pipe dry or may be washed or pumped in.**

**O. Formation Packing: Install formation packing material by means of a
tremie pipe. \[Material shall be disinfected before installation.\]
\[Material shall be installed after the gravel pack is installed.\]**

**P. Pumping Equipment: Shall be installed according to Section 11216 ‑
Water Well Pumps.**

**Q. Construction of Well Platform: Shall be constructed according to
Section 02525 ‑ Water Supply Wells.**

**3.3 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL**

**A. Alignment:**

**1. The well shall be drilled vertically.**

**2. After casing has been installed, test the alignment by using a
\[30‑foot\] piece of pipe with an outside diameter of not less than one
inch smaller than the inside diameter of the casing. The testing pipe
shall pass through parts of the permanent casing without catching or
binding.**

**3. If the well does not pass the alignment test, correct the alignment
or abandon the well and drill a new well within \[10\] feet of the same
location, at no additional cost to the Government.**

**B. Well Development: Section 02522 ‑ Well Monitoring**

**C. Disinfection: Section 02525 ‑ Water Supply Wells.**

**D. Water Quality Testing: Section 02525 ‑ Water Supply Wells.**

**E. Well Testing: The Contractor shall make a yield test, according to
Section 02522 ‑ Well Monitoring, on each water‑bearing zone penetrated.
Suspend drilling and immediately notify the Contracting Officer when the
water yield is at least equal to the desired minimum yield shown on the
Work Data Sheet. The Contracting Officer may then either stop drilling
operations or order continuance of the drilling.**

**3.4 PROTECTION**

**A. Drilling Waste: Drilling waste such as drilling fluid and drill
cuttings shall be removed so that wastes will not interfere with
installation of the well platform and pumping equipment and will not
pollute surface waters or cause contamination of the well. \[Dispose of
drilling waste offsite, unless otherwise authorized in writing by the
Contracting Officer.\] \[Deposit drilling waste at a location authorized
in writing by the Contracting Officer near the well site. Drilling waste
shall be deposited in a pit, covered, and seeded with
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\].\] \[Drilling waste shall be caught
in a pit. Location and size of this pit will be approved by the
Contracting Officer. When the drilling is completed, the original
excavated material from the pit shall be mixed with the drilling waste
material and machine compacted to existing natural density and approved
by the Contracting Officer.\]**

**B. Abandonment of the Well: Shall be according to Section 02525 ‑
Water Supply Wells.**

**C. Sanitary Protection: Shall be according to Section 02525 ‑ Water
Supply Wells.**

**[PART 4: MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT]{.underline}**

**4.1 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT**

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**WHEN A \"LUMP SUM\" CONTRACT IS USED, DELETE THE TITLE PART 4:
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT, AND BOTH ARTICLES FROM THIS SECTION.
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT WILL BE ADDRESSED IN PART 4 OF SECTION 01009 OR
SECTION 01010.**

**WHEN NOT A \"LUMP SUM\" CONTRACT, SELECT APPLICABLE PHRASES; USE THE
\"NO MEASUREMENT\" PHRASE WHEN NONE OF THE PAY ITEMS IN THIS SECTION ARE
INCLUDED IN THE BID SCHEDULE. **

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**A. Units: \[The work described in this section will not be measured
for payment.\] \[Well drilling, casing, well screen, formation packing
material, gravel pack material, and grouting will be measured and paid
for\] \[on a lump sum basis.\] \[per linear foot.\] \[Moving equipment
between well sites includes costs for moving equipment and tools and
setting up on a well site, tearing the equipment down, and moving
equipment and tools to the next site and will be measured and paid for
on a lump sum basis.\] \[\[Rig\] \[or\] \[Standby\] time will not be
paid for the grout setup periods, for the sterilization retention time,
for time spent by the Contractor collecting samples, testing, or waiting
on Contractor-supplied materials, for water‑level recovery periods, for
pumping test delays, for time outside of regular working shifts, for
weekend or holiday periods or for time spent maintaining equipment.\]
\[\[Rig\] \[and\] \[Standby\] time will be measured and paid for by the
hour.\]**

**4.2 BASIS OF PAYMENT**

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**WHEN NOT A \"LUMP SUM\" CONTRACT, SELECT APPLICABLE PHRASES; USE THE
\"NO DIRECT PAYMENT\" PHRASE WHEN NONE OF THE PAY ITEMS IN THIS SECTION
ARE INCLUDED IN THE BID SCHEDULE.**

**WHEN NOT A \"LUMP SUM\" CONTRACT AND PAYMENT IS TO BE MADE UNDER THIS
SECTION, SELECT APPLICABLE PAY ITEMS. DO NOT CHANGE PAY ITEM NUMBERS.
WHEN MORE THAN ONE DIAMETER OR GAUGE IS SPECIFIED FOR ANY PAY ITEM,
LETTER SUFFIXES WILL BE ADDED AFTER THE PARENTHESIS OF THE ITEM NUMBER.
WHEN GOVERNMENT-FURNISHED PROPERTY IS SPECIFIED FOR PAY ITEMS, THE
LETTER SUFFIX GF WILL BE ADDED AFTER THE PARENTHESIS OF THE ITEM
NUMBER.**

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**A. Payment: \[No direct payment for the work described under this
section will be made. Consideration for this item shall be included in
the bid price for other scheduled items of the Contract.\] \[Prices and
payment will be full compensation for the work described in this
section. Payment will be made under:\]**

**[Pay Item]{.underline} [Pay Unit]{.underline}**

**02672(01) Water Well, Complete Lump Sum**

**02672(10) Drilling Well Hole Linear Foot**

**02672(20) Furnish \_\_\_\_-Inch Steel Casing Linear Foot**

**02672(21) Furnish \_\_\_\_-Inch Plastic Casing Linear Foot**

**02672(30) Install \_\_\_\_‑Inch Steel Casing Linear Foot**

**02672(31) Install \_\_\_\_‑Inch Plastic Casing Linear Foot**

**02672(40) \_\_\_\_‑Inch Stainless Steel Well Screen Linear Foot**

**02672(41) \_\_\_\_‑Inch Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Well Screen Linear
Foot**

**02672(50) Gravel Pack Material Linear Foot**

**02672(60) Grouting Linear Foot**

**02672(70) Moving Equipment Between Wells Lump Sum**

**02672(80) Rig Time Hour**

**02672(90) Standby Time Hour**

**END OF SECTION**