\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*

READ AND **REMOVE THIS PAGE** BEFORE PLACING

THE SPECIFICATION SECTION IN THE CONTRACT

\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*

[DIVISION 2: SITE CONSTRUCTION]{.underline}

SECTION 02828 ‑ EXCLOSURES

USE: Constructing exclosures, including related clearing, excavation,
and backfilling.

**NOTES TO SPECIFIER:**

A. Options within paragraphs are identified by enclosure in brackets;
blank spaces enclosed by brackets \[\_\_\_\_\_\] provide for information
to be inserted, as appropriate, to individual projects.

B. **TO AVOID CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS AND COSTLY MISTAKES,** the
specifier must edit (delete, substitute or add to the text). The
remaining paragraphs must be renumbered.

C. DELETE FOR FINAL COPY: Notes to the Specifier, located between lines
of asterisks; all \[brackets\], [underlining]{.underline}, **boldface**,
and *italics*, within the paragraphs; and this page. (Open Reveal Codes
\[alt F3\] to do this accurately.)

D. [To Edit "(Footer B)":]{.underline} (Corel 8). **ENTIRE FOOTER SHOULD
BE BOLDED.** Click in the footer and delete the "Project Name (ftr B)"
text and replace it with the **Name of the Project (upper and lower
case)**. Replace date with current MM/YY (WITHOUT BRACKETS).

E. The Guide Specifications are intended to be continuously reviewed and
revised. User's technical comments are appreciated. Also, other related
or similar specification that are written "from scratch" that could
benefit others, or other questions can be sent to NSTC A/E Group, ST
110, or call (303) 987-6868.

**DRAWING DATA REQUIRED:**

**MATERIALS LIST:** (NOTE: These materials were determined for square
exclosures to be built on 1 acre of level ground. This list is for
estimating quantities only, and specific quantities must be determined
that are appropriate to your job. Materials lists are not to be included
in the Contract.)

A. Sheep Exclosure:

Wood corner post including braces (6 ft 6 inches) 36 each

Steel post (5 ft 6 inches) 40 each

Barbed wire \[51\]\[101\] rods

\[Barbless wire galv., 12 1/2‑gauge \[51\] rods

Woven wire No. 726‑6‑12 1/2 51 rods

Wire stays 44 each

2 x 4 foot dimension stock 50 L.F.

Tie wire, staples, bolts, spikes, and nails

B. Livestock and Rodent Exclosure:

Wood corner post including brace (6 ft 6 inches) 36 each

Steel posts (6 ft 6 inches) 40 each

Barbed wire \[202\]\[253\] rods

\[Barbless wire, galv., 12 1/2‑gauge\] \[51 rods\]

\[Hardware cloth 1/4 inch maximum mesh size\] \[51 rods\]

\[Poultry mesh, woven wire No. 2048 - 6-15 ½\] \[51 rods\]

(galv. wire)

Wire Stays 44 each

Steel stakes (16 inches) No. 4 rebar 88 each

2 x 4 foot dimension stock 50 L.F.

Tie wire, staples, bolts, spikes, and nails

C. Cattle Exclosure:

Wood corner post including braces (6 ft 6 inches) 36 each

Steel post (5 ft 6 inches) 40 each

Barbed wire \[101\]\[152\]\[202\] rods

\[Barbless wire, galv., 12 1/2‑gauge\] \[51\]\[101\] rods

Wire stays 44 each

2 x 4 foot dimension stock 50 L.F.

Tie wire, staples, bolts, spikes, nails

D. Big Game Exclosure:

Wood parts including braces (11 ft 6 inches) 72 each

Woven wire No. 1047 ‑ 6 ‑ 12 1/2 101 rods

2 x 4 foot dimension stock 86 L.F.

Tie wire, staples, bolts, spikes, and nails

**REQUIRED SPEC MODIFICATIONS:**

[GENERAL NOTES]{.underline}

A. Whenever entire articles, paragraphs, or subparagraphs are
applicable, the articles, paragraphs, or subparagraphs should be
deleted; when necessary, reletter or renumber articles, paragraphs, or
subparagraphs.

B. See sample Work Data Sheet format enclosed with this Outline Guide
for developing the sheet to be included in the Contract. Work Data
Sheets should not include items shown in the Bid Schedule, except those
developed for contracts involving more than one project. The Work Data
Sheet is placed in the Invitation for Bids immediately preceding the
drawings.

C. THIS GUIDE IS NOT INTENDED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR READING THE ENTIRE
SECTION.

[TECHNICAL NOTES]{.underline}

A. 1.1A: Select applicable phrases.

B. ab 1.1B: Select or add applicable specification sections. Do not list
specification sections from Division 2.

C. 1.2: Select or add applicable references.

D. 1.3A: Select applicable specification sections.

E. 1.3B: Insert number of copies of Certificates of Conformance
required. Normally 3 copies are required. Distribution after review is
normally 1 copy to the COR, 1 copy to the Contractor, and 1 copy to the
project file.

F. 2.1: Modify to indicate components required for your job.

G. 2.1C: Select applicable phrase.

H. 2.1D: Select applicable wire gauge and words.

I. 2.1E: Select staple size for your job if other than that shown.

J. 2.1F: Select spike size shown appropriate for your job.

K. 2.1G: Select paint color and post weight appropriate to your job.

L. 2.1H: Select minimum diameter for posts and brace rails if other than
those shown.

M. ab2.1N: Delete types of steel gates not required for your job.

N. 2.1N and O: Delete if gates are not required.

O. 2.1P: Mechanical gate closers are commercially available from the
following:

1\. Baker Fence Systems

P.O. Box 110

Freedom, WY 83120

2\. Custom Trailers, Inc.

P.O. Box 1498

Carson City, NV 89701

3\. Danny D\'s Manufacturing Co.

Route 1

Twin Falls, ID 83301

4\. Fast Lock, Inc.

4206 Glencoe Drive

Cheyenne, WY 82009

5\. Hale Engineering

Route 2, Box 97

Pea Ridge, AR 72751

6\. Nevada Latch Co.

P.O. Box 850

Fallon, NV 89406

7\. Toland and Sons

P.O. Box 1970

Winnemucca, NV 89445

P. 2.2: Select article if there are no government furnished materials.

Q. 3.1A: Select applicable phrase; Modify paragraph to include other
requirements and debris disposal method if required. Select maximum
clearing width if different than that indicated.

R. ab3.2B: Complete line post ratio paragraph.

S. 3.2F: Delete sentence if figure fours and rock jacks will not be
required for your job.

T. 3.2G: Select sentence in brackets when appropriate to your job.

U. 3.2H: Delete if gates are not required.

V. ab3.2J: Delete if mechanical gate closers are not required.

W. 4.1 and 4.2: When a \"lump sum\" Contract is used, delete the title
PART 4: MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT, and both articles from this section.
Measurement and payment will be addressed in Part 4 of Section 01009 or
Section 01010.

X. 4.1A: When not a \"lump sum\" Contract, select applicable phrases;
use the \"no measurement\" phrase when none of the Pay Items in this
section are included in the Bid Schedule.

Y. 4.2A: When not a \"lump sum\" Contract, select applicable phrases;
use the \"no direct payment\" phrase when none of the Pay Items in this
section are included in the Bid Schedule.

Z. 4.2A: When not a \"lump sum\" Contract and payment is to be made
under this section, select applicable Pay Items. Do not change Pay Item
number. When Government-furnished property is specified for Pay Items,
the letter suffix GF will be added after the parenthesis of the item
number.

**REVISIONS OF THIS SECTION:**

CSI format, editorial changes: 12/01

Metric:

Technical Update: 03/90

DATA WORKSHEET

for

SECTION 02828 ‑ EXCLOSURES

Exclosure type:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Quantity of fence in rods:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Type of top wire:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Type of intermediate wire:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Type of bottom wire:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Wire spacing in inches:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

E: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

D: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

C: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

B: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

A: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Standard woven field wire design no. [ ]{.underline}

Type and no. of corner panels:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Type and no. of gates:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

No. of stiles:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

No. of mechanical gate closers:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Note: When several fence projects are included, the tabular format may
be more appropriate. (03/14/90)

SECTION 02828

EXCLOSURES

[PART 1: GENERAL]{.underline}

1.01 SUMMARY:

A. Section Includes: \[Furnishing and installing\] \[Installing with
Government‑ furnished property,\] \[Installing with Contractor‑furnished
property and Government‑furnished property,\] exclosures and
appurtenances.

1.02 REFERENCES:

A. American Society for Testing and Materials:

ASTM A 116-88 Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Woven Wire Fence Fabric

ASTM A 121-86 Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Barbed Wire

ASTM A 390-87 Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Poulty Fence Fabric

(Hexagonal and Straight Line)

ASTM A 584-82 Aluminum-Coated Steel Woven-Wire Fence Fabric

ASTM A 585-86 Aluminum-Coated Steel Barbed Wire

ASTM A 641-89 Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Carbon Steel Wire

ASTM A 702-87 Steel Fence Posts and Assemblies, Hot-Wrought

B. West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau:

WCLIB Standard Grading Rules for West Coast Lumber

1.3 SUBMITTALS:

A. General: Submittals shall be according to \[Section 01009 - General
Information and Requirements.\] \[Section 01365 - Certificates of
Conformance.\]

B. Certification: Submit \[\_\_\_\_\] copies of written certification
from the treating plant stating that chemicals and methods used for wood
preservation, and net amount of preservative retained, are in
conformance with applicable standards and Section 06312 - Preservative
Treated Poles and Posts. \[Contractor‑furnished gates and accessories
shall be approved by the Contracting Officer prior to installation.\]

[PART 2: PRODUCTS]{.underline}

2.01 CONTRACTOR‑FURNISHED MATERIALS:

A. Barbed Wire: Shall be according to ASTM A 121 or ASTM A 585. A strand
of two 12 1/2‑ga, galvanized wires twisted together with 2‑point barbs
of 14‑gauge wire spaced 4 inches apart. Wire and barbs shall be
zinc‑coated steel with a line coating of at least 0.3/ft^2^ of coated
surface area. The minimum breaking strength of each wire shall be 950
lb-force.

B. Barbless Wire: Shall be according to ASTM A 641. A stand of two
12-1/2‑gauge, galvanized wires, twisted together. Wire shall be zinc
coated steel wire of at least 0.3 oz ft^2^ of coated surface area. The
minimum breaking strength of each wire shall be 950 lb-force.

C. Woven‑Wire Fabric: Shall be the height and design number shown on the
Work Data Sheet. The wire and design shall be according to ASTM A 116 or
A 584. \[Hardware cloth with a maximum mesh size of 1/4‑inch\] \[Poultry
mesh, woven wire No. 2048-6-15 1/2 according to ASTM A 390\] shall be
used for the livestock and rodent exclosure.\]

D. Wire Fence Stays: Shall be \[twisted wire fence stays manufactured
from smooth galvanized 9‑ga wire,\] \[or\] \[Two-piece-wire stays
manufactured from smooth galvanized 8‑ga‑hard‑steel wire.\]

E. Staples: Staples shall be 9‑gauge, bright‑finish or galvanized, \[1
1/2\] inches long.

F. Spikes: Shall be \[40d\] \[60d\] \[3/8‑inch\].

G. Steel Fence Posts: Steel posts shall be painted \[solid green\]
\[green with white or silver tops\] \[orange\] or galvanized \"T\" or
\"U\" (channel) bar type, with a welded or riveted anchor plate, and
shall be furnished with clip‑type wire fasteners (punched tabs for
fastening wires are not acceptable). Steel posts shall be manufactured
from wrought, rail, or new billet steel, and shall weigh a minimum of
\[1.25\] \[1.33 lb\] per ft exclusive of the anchor plate, which shall
weigh a minimum of 0.67 lb, and shall be a minimum of 18 in^2^ in area.
Steel fence posts and fasteners shall be according to ASTM A 702
\[except that the ligher weight (1.25) posts do not meet the
requirements for weight.\]

H. Wood Braces and Posts:

1\. Acceptable Wood Posts and Braces: Shall be sound single stem
members. A slight bend in one plane is acceptable. Posts and brace rails
may be full stem members, sawed members of square cross‑section, or
split members. Honey locust, western redcedar (full stem with bark
removed), juniper, osage orange, and white oak are acceptable without
treatment. Braces shall be \[3\] inches \[4\] minimum diameter at the
small end. Posts shall be \[5\] \[6\] inches minimum diameter at the
small end. Sawed members shall be 4 x 4 rough sawn for line posts and
brace rails, and 6 x 6 for other posts. Minimum cross sectional area at
the small end for split members shall be 10 in^2^ for line posts and
brace rails, and 20 in^2^ for all other posts.

2\. Basis for Rejection: Posts are not acceptable when sweep causes a
straight line joining the center of the top to the center of the butt to
fall outside the body of the post, or at a point 2 inches or more from
the center of the post. Posts that are twisted, rotted, excessively bent
or have checks greater than 1/2 their thickness are not acceptable.
Slabs and wedge-shaped members will not be acceptable.

I. Uprights and Rungs: Uprights and rungs for stiles shall be 2 x 4‑inch
dimensional stock of the lengths shown on the drawings, and shall be No.
1 structural, light‑framing‑grade lumber according to WCLIB.

J. Miscellaneous Wire: For fastening wood stays shall be 9 or 12-1/2 ga
galvanized wire.

K. Clip Type Fastener: Shall be 11 ga galvanized wire.

L. Brace Wires: Shall be double loop, 4 wires of 9‑ga smooth, galvanized
wire or 2 wires of 12 1/2‑ga barbless twisted tight. The minimum weight
of zinc coating for 9‑ga wire shall be at least 0.4 oz of zinc per ft^2^
of coated surface area. Wires shall be Type I, Class 1 according to ASTM
A 641.

M. Steel Stakes: Fabricate steel stakes of 16‑inch lengths of No. 4
rebar, as shown on the drawings.

N. Steel Gates: Shall be \[steel pipe gate\] \[pipe frame gate\] \[steel
frame gate\] \[metal gate\] and shall be fabricated according to the
drawings. Fasteners, bolts, nuts and other accessories shall be
galvanized or cadmium‑plated.

O. Wire Gates: Shall have the same type wire and wire spacing as the
fence.

P. Mechanical Gate Closers: Assembly shall include the following salient
features:

1\. A rigid steel strap or 9‑ga smooth wire loop 6 inches from the
ground securely connected to the gate post and shaped so that the gate
stay shall be securely held in place.

2\. An adjustable cable or chain, or rigid steel strap fastened to a cam
lever device located 6 inches from the top of the gate post. The closer
shall be capable of securely holding the gate stay in place.

2.2 GOVERNMENT‑FURNISHED PROPERTY:

A. Requirements: See Section 01019 ‑ Government‑Furnished Property.

2.3 WOOD TREATMENT PRACTICES:

A. Requirements: See Section 06312 - Preservative-Treated Poles and
Posts.

[PART 3: EXECUTION]{.underline}

3.1 PREPARATION:

A. Clearing, Excavation, and Backfill: \[Maximum clearing width is \[4\]
ft on each side of the fenceline and around the exclosure. Provide
minimum disturbance to existing grass and sod. Dispose of debris \[[
]{.underline}\]. Excavate as shown on the drawings, and backfill and
compact thoroughly once installation of exclosure is complete.\]
\[Clearing shall be done according to Section ‑ 02111 ‑ Clearing and
Grubbing.\]

3.2 INSTALLATION:

A. General: Steel posts shall not be used for end panel, corner panel,
gate panel, or stress panel posts. Set wood posts in dug holes unless
written authorization is obtained for driving line posts. Drive steel
posts.

B. Ratio of Wood to Steel Line Posts:
\[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.\]

C. Setting Posts: Dig holes for setting wood posts to the depth as shown
on the drawings for setting posts. Set posts plumb, and to the spacing,
grades and depths shown on the drawings, unless staked otherwise. Space
within 6 inches of the dimensions shown on the drawings or in the Work
Data Sheet. Holes shall provide adequate open space around the post so
that backfill can be tamped the full depth around the post. Backfill
gradually and uniformly with soil around each post. Compact backfill
firmly from the bottom of the hole to the ground surface.

D. Driving Posts:

1\. Wood posts: Shall be machine‑pointed on the end driven into the
ground. Posts that are split, bent, or broomed will not be accepted.

2\. Steel posts: Drive into the ground to the depth shown on the
drawings or until the anchor plate is slightly below the ground surface.
When rock formations prevent driving, excavate or drill holes 18 inches
deep and slightly larger than the diameter of the post. Place posts in
the holes and grout the post solidly in position with cement grout or
mortar.

E. Corner Post and Panel Assemblies: Construct assemblies as shown on
the drawings unless staked otherwise.

F. Figure Fours and Rock Jacks: Figure fours and rock jacks shall be
used in rock or other unusual conditions. Figure fours shall be used in
lieu of steel posts, and rock jacks in lieu of wood posts, except that
where a series of figure fours are required, a rock jack shall be
substituted for every 5th figure four. Figure fours and rock jacks shall
be constructed as shown on the drawings.

G. Wire: Stretch tightly and staple to wood posts or securely attach to
steel posts with standard wire clips. Wire is properly stretched when it
is springy to the touch. \[With woven wire, the tension curves will
begin to straighten when properly stretched. When erecting woven wire
below 40 degrees F, not more than half the tension curve shall be
removed.\] Drive staples into wood until the staple comes in contact
with the wire against the post, but not so tight as to crimp the wire or
prevent free movement of the wire between the post and the staple. Do
not drive staples parallel to the grain of the wood. Terminate wire as
shown on the drawings.

H. Gates: Shall be installed according to the Work Data Sheet, the
drawings, and as recommended by the manufacturer when applicable.

I. Stile: Construct stiles over corner panels as shown on the drawings.

J. Mechanical Gate Closers: Line up the latch with the gate. Adjust
latch assembly after installation so that the latch does not bind and
the gate hangs properly.

K. Spiking: For spikes larger than 40d, predrilled lead holes shall be
used. The hole diameter shall be three-fourths the diameter of the
spike, and drilled to a depth no greater than 1/2 the length of the
spike.

[PART 4: MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT]{.underline}

4.1 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT:

A. Units: The work described in this section will \[not be measured for
payment.\] \[be measured and paid for per unit including
appurtenances.\]

4.2 BASIS OF PAYMENT:

A. Payment: \[No direct payment for the work described under this
section will be made. The Contractor shall include consideration for
this item in the bid price for other scheduled items of the Contract.\]
\[Prices and payment will be full compensation for the work described in
this section. Payment will be made under:\]

[Pay Item]{.underline} [ Pay Unit]{.underline}

02828(1) Sheep Exclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Each

02828(2) Livestock & Rodent Exclosure. . . . . . . . . . . . Each

02828(3) Cattle Exclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Each

02828(4) Big Game Exclosure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Each

02828(5) Study Layout (Livestock‑Big Game Exclosure) . . . . Each

END OF SECTION