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REMOVE THIS OUTLINE GUIDE BEFORE PLACING

THE SPECIFICATION SECTION IN THE CONTRACT

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O U T L I N E G U I D E

[DIVISION 3: CONCRETE]{.underline}

SECTION 03414 - STRUCTURAL PRECAST CONCRETE

USE: Furnishing and installing precast concrete elements, including
transportation.

**NOTES TO SPECIFIER:**

A. Options within paragraphs are identified by enclosure in brackets;
blank spaces enclosed by brackets \[[ ]{.underline}\] provide for
information to be inserted, as appropriate to individual projects.

B. **TO AVOID CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS AND COSTLY MISTAKES,** the
specifier must edit (delete, substitute or add to the text). The
remaining paragraphs must be renumbered.

C. DELETE FOR FINAL COPY: Notes to the Specifier, located between lines
of asterisks; all \[brackets\], [underlining]{.underline}, **boldface,
**and *italics* within the paragraphs; and this page. (Open Reveal Codes
\[alt F3\] to do this accurately).

D. [To Edit "(Footer B)":]{.underline} (Corel 8). **ENTIRE FOOTER SHOULD
BE BOLDED. **Click in the footer and delete the "Project Name (ftr B)"
text and replace it with the **Name Of The Project (upper/lower case).**
Replace date with current MM/YY (WITHOUT BRACKETS).

E. The Guide Specifications are intended to be continuously reviewed and
revised. User's technical comments are appreciated. Also, other related
or similar specifications that are written "from scratch" that could
benefit others, or other questions can be sent to NSTC A/E Group, ST-110
or call (303) 987-6851.

F. DESIGN NOTES:

1\. **DRAWING DATA REQUIRED:**

**REVISIONS OF THIS SECTION:**

CSI format, editorial changes 10/01

Metric: Not Applicable

Technical Update:

SECTION 03414

STRUCTURAL PRECAST CONCRETE

[PART 1: GENERAL]{.underline}

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes: Furnishing and installing precast concrete
elements, including transportation.

B. Related Sections

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LIST ITEMS OF WORK THAT MIGHT LOGICALLY BE FURNISHED AND INSTALLED UNDER
THIS SECTION, BUT INSTEAD ARE SPECIFIED IN ANOTHER SECTION. THIS ARTICLE
IS RARELY REQUIRED.

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1.2 SUBMITTALS

A. Requirements: Submittals shall be according to Section 01300 ‑
Submittal Procedures and Section 01331 ‑ Certificates of Conformance.

B. Manufacturer\'s Literature: Submit 5 copies of the manufacturer\'s
descriptive data for the admixtures to be used on this project. Include
the brand name, description, mix of concrete, (including other
admixture), purpose for which used and location in which this concrete
shall be placed.

C. Shop Drawings: Submit 5 copies of shop drawings for the reinforcement
to be used on this project. Shop drawings shall show the lengths, bends,
and splices.

D. Mix Design: Submit 5 copies of the design mix for each strength,
class and type of concrete to be used on this project. Mix designs and
strength test results shall be prepared by a qualified materials testing
laboratory.

E. Mill Test Reports: Submit 5 copies for each shipment of portland
cement and reinforcement to be used on this project.

F. Certificates of Conformance: Submit 3 copies of the batch
certificates for each load of ready‑mix delivered to the jobsite,
certifying that the batch conforms to the requirements of this
specification.

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Causes for Rejection: Concrete may be rejected for, but not limited
to, the following reasons:

1\. Inadequate strength after 28 days as indicated by test cylinders.
The Contractor shall be responsible for further testing required by the
Government to determine the strength of the concrete.

2\. Freezing within first 28 days of placement.

3\. Segregation of aggregate or over‑vibration resulting in excessive
water in the surface of the concrete or lack of water in vertical
surfaces.

4\. Honeycomb over 25% of the surface.

5\. Voids larger than 2 inches across.

6\. Exposed reinforcing steel.

7\. Misalignment of concrete.

8\. Substandard aggregate in the mix.

9\. Failure to cover or seal concrete during initial 7‑day curing
period.

10\. Improper placement of cut-offs, blockouts, anchor bolts, or other
imbedded items.

B. Placement Notification: Notify Contracting Officer 24 hr in advance
of each intended concrete placement. The Contracting Officer shall have
access to the precasting plant or site at least 24 hours before
placement of concrete to inspect the work.

C. Location: The Contractor shall notify the Contracting Officer in
writing within 15 calendar days after issuance of the notice-to-proceed
stating where and by whom the precast panels will be made.

[PART 2: PRODUCTS]{.underline}

2.1 MATERIALS

A. Cement: Portland cement, Type II according to ASTM C 150. The use of
caked or hardened cement will not be permitted.

B. Water: Water shall be clean and free from harmful amounts of acids,
alkalis, and organic materials according to AASHTO T 26. Potable water
is acceptable without testing.

C. Aggregates

l\. Course Aggregate: Shall be hard, durable, uncoated crushed stone or
gravel according to ASTM C 33. Course aggregate for concrete having an
exterior surface exposed, except floor slabs shall meet the following
gradation:

95% to l00% shall pass a l‑l/2‑inch sieve;

35% to 79% shall pass a 3/4‑inch sieve;

l0% to 30% shall pass a 3/8‑inch sieve and not over 5% shall pass a No.
4 sieve. Percentages are by weight.

2\. Fine aggregate shall be clean, hard, durable, uncoated sand grains
according to ASTM C 33, free from silt, loam and clay with a fineness
modulus of not less than 2.5 nor more than 3.0. and shall meet the
following gradation:

95% to 100% by weight passing No. 4 sieve;

45% to 70% passing No. 16 sieve;

15% to 30% passing No. 50 sieve;

3% to 8% passing No. l00 sieve.

3\. The maximum size aggregate in slabs shall be 3/4‑inch.

D. Reinforcing Steel: Shall have a yield point of 60 ksi and shall
conform to grade 60 of ASTM A 615. Reinforcing steel shall have an epoxy
protective coating conforming to ASTM A 775.

E. Reinforcement Supports: Shall be of the size and type called for by
the CRSI MSP P1 and shall be arranged, spaced, and tied as called for by
those requirements.

F. Isolation Joint Material: Preformed filler strips shall be according
to ASTM D 994 and shall be the full width and depth of slab or joint.
Unless otherwise indicated, the material shall be l/2‑inch thick. The
joint sealer shall be according to ASTM D 1190.

G. Adhesive for Sealing Joints: Mastic‑type adhesive.

H. Membrane Curing Compound: Shall be chlorinated rubber‑based, l00%
resin‑based, according to ASTM C 309, Type 1D, Class A.

I. Moist Curing Material

1\. Mats: Shall be according to ASTM C 171.

2\. Burlap: Shall be according to AASHTO M 182.

3\. Sand: Shall be according to ASTM C 144.

J. Impervious Sheet Covering: Shall be any of the following:

l\. Polyethylene Sheeting: 4‑mil minimum thickness, black.

2\. Polyethylene‑coated kraftpaper.

3\. Waterproof Paper: Shall be according to ASTM C 171.

K. Admixtures: Other than specified herein, or by reference, admixtures
may be used only on written approval of the Contracting Officer. When
used comply with the manufacturer\'s written instructions.

1\. Air Entrainments: Air content by volume according to ACI 2ll.1,
paragraph 5.3.3, plus or minus l%. Air entrainment additives shall be
according to ASTM C 260.

2\. Calcium Chloride: Use only on approval of Contracting Officer. Do
not use near galvanized materials.

3\. Chemical Admixtures: Water reducing or retarding chemical admixtures
shall be according to ASTM C 494 and shall only be used when specified
in the mix design or approved by the Contracting Officer.

4\. Pozzolanic or Fly‑Ash Admixtures: Shall be according to ASTM C 618
and ASTM C 311.

L. Forming Material

1\. Surfaces: Formwork for exposed concrete surfaces shall be plywood,
metal‑framed plywood‑faced, or other panel type materials to provide
continuous, straight, smooth, as‑cast surfaces. Furnish formwork in
largest practicable lengths to minimize the number of joints. Form
material shall be of sufficient stiffness to withstand pressure of newly
placed concrete without bowing or deflection.

2\. Non‑Exposed Concrete Surfaces: Concrete surfaces which will be
unexposed in the finished structure may be formed with plywood, lumber,
metal, or other materials acceptable to the Contracting Officer. Provide
lumber that is dressed on at least two edges and one side for tight fit.

2.2 MIXES

A. Concrete Design Mix: Design the mix to provide concrete with the
following properties:

1\. Concrete: 4000 psi, 28‑day compressive strength. The water‑cement
ratio shall not exceed 5.0 gal per sack of cement, inclusive of water in
the aggregate. The proportions of aggregate to cement shall produce
concrete with a slump of 2 to 4 inches according to ASTM C 143.

2\. Air Content: Air content of concrete at the point of placement shall
be 4 to 6%.

3\. Ready‑Mixed Concrete: Ready‑mixed concrete that meets the above
specifications will be permitted when approved by the Contracting
Officer. The Contracting Officer will have access to the mixing plant
during concrete mixing operations.

2.3 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL

A. Design Mix Testing: The Contractor shall incorporate the specified
admixtures and cement, perform appropriate laboratory testing, including
compression tests of 3 cylinders and slump tests to substantiate mix
designs. The Contractor shall submit test results according to the
requirements of Section 01330 - Submittal Procedures and Section 01458 -
Testing Laboratory Services.

B. Location: Manufacture of precast slabs may be accomplished by the
Contractor on-site or off-site, or may be manufactured by an established
precast plant.

C. Testing: The Contractor shall make arrangements for a certified
independent testing laboratory to conduct the performance and acceptance
tests of the concrete used in the manufacture of the structural precast
concrete.

D. Moving: The concrete shall be at design strength as verified by the
testing laboratory before the precast slabs can be moved.

[PART 3: EXECUTION]{.underline}

3.2 CONCRETE PLACEMENT

A. Placement and Consolidation

1\. When concrete cannot be placed within the time frame specified
above, do not place it, but remove it from the jobsite.

2\. Concrete shall be placed only in the presence of the Contracting
Officer. Concrete shall be placed in maximum lifts of 18 inches, and
shall be well vibrated, rodded, or spaded into place to fill voids and
angles to ensure smooth surfaces and dense concrete. Concrete shall be
deposited at its final position, and shall not be allowed to flow in a
manner that will cause segregation of the materials. Concrete must not
be dropped more than 5 ft vertically without use of a tremie or similar
device.

3\. Embedded items shall be firmly held in their final position in the
work prior to placing the concrete. No stabbing will be allowed.

B. Tolerances: Slabs shall be manufactured straight and true with a
tolerance of 1/4 inch in length and width and of 1/8 inch in thickness.

C. Hot Weather Concreting: Shall be according to ACI 305R.

D. Cold Weather Concreting: Shall be according to ACI 306R. Materials
needed for protection shall be on the jobsite before concrete work is
started. Do not place concrete on a frozen subgrade or against surfaces
having deposits of frost, snow, or ice.

3.3 CONCRETE FINISHING

A. Concrete Surface Finishes

1\. Finish slabs with a broomed finish unless otherwise indicated on the
drawings. After floating and troweling and after the water sheen has
disappeared, brush lightly with an approved steel, fiber, or horsehair
broom not less than 18 inches wide. Brush to form a uniform roughened
surface at right angles to the centerline.

2\. Where indicated on the drawings, the slabs shall be finished to the
V-groove surface detailed on Sheet No. S2. This surface shall be
obtained by the use of the California Boats and Waterways finishing tool
detailed in Technical Memorandum #1 included at the end of this section.

3\. Prior to construction of the pre-cast panels, the Contractor shall
demonstrate to the Contracting Officer proficiency in producing the
V-groove surface required. This shall be done by producing a 4 foot by 4
foot test panel which shall be finished with the V-groove surface in the
presence of the Contracting Officer. This test shall be completed at
least 5 days before production of the pre-cast panels begins.

B. Form Removal: Formwork not supporting concrete, may be removed after
curing at not less than 50 degrees F for 24 hr after placing concrete,
and when curing and protection procedures are followed as specified. The
concrete should be sufficiently hard so as not to be damaged by form
removal. Formwork and false work supporting live or dead loads of
concrete (such as slabs and other structural elements) may not be
removed for a minimum of 14 days, and after the 14 days, not until
concrete has attained the design minimum 28‑day compressive strength as
indicated by test cylinders.

C. Concrete Finish Patching: Immediately after the removal of the forms,
remove bulges and projections on exposed concrete by chipping or
tooling, and rub or grind the surface. Chip honeycombed or other
defective areas to solid concrete; cut edges to right angles with the
surface. Brush cavities with a grout of cement and water, and point with
a mortar of cement, sand, and water similar to that used in the
concrete. Keep the concrete thoroughly saturated with water during the
finishing.

3.4 CONCRETE CURING

A. Curing Time: Cure concrete for a period of 7 days from time of
placement by use of one of the following methods:

1\. The liquid membrane forming compound shall be sprayed on and shall
be dry to the touch in not more than 4 hr from time of application,
according to Paragraph 7.1, ASTM C 309. This method of curing shall not
be used where additional concrete, mortar, or joint sealant will be
placed against the cured concrete.

2\. Cover the damp concrete surfaces with impermeable sheets of
polyethylene material or other sheet coverings with joints lapped and
sealed to keep moisture in.

3\. Concrete forms may be left in place to provide proper curing of
concrete in contact with the forms. Curing of unformed concrete surfaces
shall be by one of the methods shown above, and shall begin as soon as
the concrete is hard enough to allow application of the curing material.
If forms are removed before the end of the 7-day period, curing by use
of the liquid membrane forming compound or sheets of polyethylene
material shall begin immediately, and shall continue for the remainder
of the 7-day curing period.

4\. Curing with live steam is acceptable if available in an established
precasting place. Submit current plant curing practice for approval.

[PART 4: MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT]{.underline}

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WHEN A "LUMP SUM" CONTRACT IS USED, DELETE THE TITLE PART 4: MEASURMENT
AND PAYMENT, AND BOTH ARTICLES FROM THIS SECTION. MEASUREMENT AND
PAYMENT WILL BE ADDRESSED IN PART 4 OF SECTION 01009 - GENERAL
INFORMATION AND REQUIREMENTS OR SECTION 01010 - SUMMARY OF WORK.

WHEN NOT A "LUMP SUM" CONTRACT, SELECT APPLICABLE PHRASES; USE THE "NO
MEASUREMENT" PHRASE WHEN THE PAY ITEM IN THIS SECTION IS NOT INCLUDED IN
THE BID SCHEDULE.

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4.1 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

A. Units: The work described in this section will \[not be measured for
payment.\] \[be measured and paid for on a lump sum basis.\]

4.2 BASIS OF PAYMENT

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WHEN NOT A "LUMP SUM" CONTRACT, SELECT APPLICABLE PHRASES; USE THE "NO
DIRECT PAYMENT" PHRASE WHEN THE PAY ITEM IN THIS SECTION IS NOT INCLUDED
IN THE BID SCHEDULE.

WHEN NOT A "LUMP SUM" CONTRACT AND PAYMENT IS TO BE MADE UNDER THIS
SECTION, SELECT THE PAY ITEM. DO NOT CHANGE THE PAY TIME NUMBER.

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A. Payment: \[No direct payment for the work described under this
section will be made. Consideration for this item shall be included in
the bid price for other items of the Contract.\] \[Prices and payment
will be full compensation for the work described in this section.
Payment will be made under:\]

[Pay Item]{.underline} [Pay Unit]{.underline}

03414(01) Structural Precast Concrete Lump Sum

END OF SECTION