NOTE: An Erratum is attached to the end of this document.

Federal Communications Commission (F.C.C.)

Order and Authorization

IN THE MATTER OF ORBITAL IMAGING CORPORATION

For Authority to Launch, and Operate a Private Remote-Sensing Satellite
System

in Low-Earth Orbit

Application File No. 83-SAT-P/LA-98(2)

DA 99-353

Adopted: February 12, 1999

Released: February 17, 1999

By the Chief, International Bureau:

I. INTRODUCTION

1\. By this Order, we grant Orbital Imaging Corporation (\"Orbimage\")
authority to launch and operate a private commercial high-resolution
imagery satellite system in low-Earth orbit (LEO). This global land
remote-sensing \[FN1\] satellite system, to be known as the OrbView
System, will use passive optical sensors on satellites to measure light
reflected, refracted or transmitted from the Earth\'s surface. These
data will then be digitized and transmitted to ground stations and
processed into useable information about natural and man- made phenomena
on Earth. Orbimage intends to use the data to provide
commercial/consumer, scientific, environmental, and U.S. and foreign
national security services. Granting this application will increase
competition in the market for satellite imagery data, and will advance
U.S. leadership in the field of remote sensing technology.

II\. BACKGROUND

2\. In 1984, Congress enacted the Land Remote-Sensing Commercialization
Act, \[FN2\] which transferred the government-owned remote sensing
satellite system, Landsat, to the private sector and allowed the
licensing of other commercial remote-sensing satellite systems. In 1992,
the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act was enacted, incorporating the 1984
Act. These Acts vested concurrent responsibility for licensing private
systems with the Department of Commerce through the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (\"NOAA\") and the Federal Communications
Commission. \[FN3\] The Department of Commerce, in conjunction with the
Departments of State and Defense, ensures that the collection of remote
sensing data does not compromise national security or foreign policy.
\[FN4\] The FCC is responsible for licensing radio transmitting
facilities associated with the data collection and for coordinating the
frequencies used for these transmissions. The Commission determines
whether the proposed operations are electromagnetically compatible with
other system operations and whether any other operational or technical
requirements should be imposed. \[FN5\]

3\. Orbimage\'s proposed space segment consists of two satellites in
low-Earth orbit. \[FN6\] Orbimage proposes two earth stations for data
downlinks and telemetry, tracking, and command (\"TT&C\") \[FN7\] and
one transportable fixed earth station to be located in the United
States. The satellites will occupy sun-synchronous \[FN8\] circular
orbits, with an inclination of approximately 97 degrees and an altitude
of approximately 470 kilometers. The system will operate in the
8025-8400 MHz frequency band for downlink transmissions, the 402-403 MHz
and 2025-2110 MHz frequency bands for uplink TT&C and the 401-402 MHz
band for downlink telemetry. Each OrbView satellite will carry optical
imaging sensors. Under Orbimage\'s proposed system, the satellites will
transmit digitized image data to the ground only when they are within
line of sight of a receiving earth station. Data collected from the
system will be used to produce images with nominal resolutions of one
meter panchromatic (black and white) and four meters multispectral
(color). One of the satellites also will provide two meter panchromatic
resolution and may have the capability, as a result of the additional
hyperspectral sensor it proposes to carry, to provide eight meter
hyperspectral imagery data. \[FN9\] The products will be digital, which
will allow either electronic or \"hard copy\" delivery to customers.
\[FN10\] Finally, Orbimage seeks authority to operate as a non-common
carrier.

4\. Orbimage requests authority to transmit from the satellites to
receiving stations located in the United States in the 8 GHz band that
is allocated for Earth Exploration Satellite Services (\"EESS\").
Specifically, Orbimage proposes to operate its system\'s wideband
downlink at a center frequency of 8190 MHz with a bandwidth of 150 MHz.
Orbimage requests authority to use the 2025 to 2110 MHz band,
specifically the 2092.536-2092.664 MHz band, and the 402.705 - 402.735
MHz band for Earth-to-space TT&C functions. Orbimage proposes TT&C
downlinks in the 8 GHz band and the 401.47 - 401.53 MHz band. No
entities filed objections to Orbimage\'s application.

III\. DISCUSSION

5\. Land remote-sensing satellites provide a variety of information that
can be used to study, monitor, and understand both natural and man-made
phenomena. For example, the collected data can be used for mapping,
conservation, resource monitoring, law enforcement, environmental
monitoring, and forecasting, as well as for carrying out national
security functions. Orbimage cites studies estimating that the
commercial market for remote sensing will reach \$2 billion by the year
2000, \[FN11\] and asserts that the OrbView System will both stimulate
and address this commercial demand.

A. Domestic Coordination Issues

6\. Orbimage proposes to transmit the collected data from its satellites
to receiving earth stations within the 8025-8400 MHz frequency band. In
the U.S. Domestic Table of Allocations this frequency band is allocated
by footnote on a primary basis \[FN12\] to the non-government EESS
\[FN13\] in the United States, subject to a case-by-case electromagnetic
compatibility analysis with government facilities operating in the band.
\[FN14\] Orbital dynamics and the locations of the two U.S. earth
stations physically limit earth station visibility to a maximum of 12.5
minutes per 94 minute orbit. \[FN15\] Orbimage claims that typically an
OrbView satellite would contact the two U.S. earth stations less than 15
percent of the time.

7\. Through the consultation process with NTIA, the Frequency Assignment
Subcommittee of the Interdepartmental Radio Advisory Committee
(FAS/IRAC) advised that the reception of downlink data transmissions in
the 8115-8265 MHz frequency band at the earth stations, located in
Virginia and Alaska, may receive harmful interference from the operation
of existing transmitting earth stations and/or fixed stations. FAS/IRAC
also noted that Orbimage will have to accept any interference from
existing government stations operating in the 8115-8265 frequency band.
In addition, other remote-sensing satellite systems will need to share
frequencies with Orbimage, resulting in the need for coordination of
operations and earth station location. We find that this shared use by
United States government operations and multiple commercial remote-
sensing satellite service entrants in the 8025-8400 MHz frequency band
promotes competition in this market and is in the public interest.
Accordingly, we authorize Orbimage to use the 8115-8265 MHz frequency
band for downlink data transmissions for its two remote-sensing
satellites, subject to two conditions: (1) Orbimage\'s use must be on an
equal status to all other authorized primary users of the frequency
band; and (2) Orbimage must complete frequency coordination of its
operations, domestically and internationally, in this frequency band
with other primary users, remote-sensing satellite system providers, and
United States government operators in this frequency band.

8\. We also do not anticipate any problems with Orbimage\'s proposed
TT&C operations. The 401-402 MHz band is allocated on a primary basis to
the space operation service (which includes TT&C type operations). In
the 2025-2110 MHz band, FN US90 authorizes non-Government systems
operating in the EESS to transmit in the earth-to-space direction,
subject to such conditions as may be applied on a case-by-case basis.
\[FN16\] In the 402-403 MHz band, however, there is no specific space
operation service allocation and EESS is only allocated on a secondary
basis. Any use of the 402-403 MHz band by Orbimage for TT&C, therefore,
must be on a non-interference basis to all other systems operating with
primary and secondary status in the band. As a secondary user, Orbimage
also will be required to accept any interference to it that is caused by
any user operating in a primary service allocation. We anticipate,
however, that Orbimage should be able to coordinate its uplink TT&C
operations with existing users in the band so as to avoid harmful
interference events.

B. Other Qualification Requirements

9\. The Commission has a statutory obligation to ensure that an
applicant is qualified before granting a space station license. \[FN17\]
To satisfy this obligation, the Commission may prescribe any necessary
qualifications, including those relating to technical and financial
ability. In the satellite area, these requirements have traditionally
been formulated to reflect special characteristics of a particular
service. \[FN18\] Orbimage maintains that it is technically and legally
qualified to hold a license to construct, launch, and, operate a
remote-sensing satellite service. We agree for the reasons articulated
below.

10\. Orbimage is technically qualified to hold a license. When possible,
we prefer to leave spacecraft design decisions to the space station
licensees because the licensees are in a better position to determine
how to tailor their systems to meet the particular needs of their
customer base. If a proposal appears technically efficient and will
permit additional entrants, we generally authorize the system if it is
otherwise in the public interest. \[FN19\] Orbimage\'s proposed system
appears to be technically efficient and will not preclude additional
commercial remote sensing systems. Further, because the Orbimage system
will transmit only when a satellite is within view of a receiving earth
station, it may be possible for other remote-sensing systems to share
frequencies with Orbimage by coordinating orbital geometries, data
downlink times, and the location of earth stations.

11\. Similarly, the financial qualifications applied to applicants in a
particular satellite service reflect the specific characteristics of
that service. Historically, the Commission has fashioned financial
requirements on the basis of the entry opportunities in the service
being licensed. Where grant to one applicant will not prevent another
applicant from going forward, the required financial demonstration has
been rather liberal. For example, in the radiodetermination satellite
service, where all applicants could be accommodated with our mandated
system architecture and future entry was possible, only a detailed
business plan was required. \[FN20\] Further, the Commission has waived
the fixed-satellite service financial requirement of demonstrating full,
irrevocable financing when additional entry was possible. \[FN21\] Here,
grant of a license to Orbimage will not prevent at least several other
systems from pursuing and implementing competing remote-sensing
satellite systems. Given the multiple entry opportunities, we do not
find it necessary to hold Orbimage to any particular financial standard
at this time. To ensure that Orbimage implements its system in a timely
fashion and does not impede entry by delaying deployment of its system,
we will require Orbimage to adhere to satellite implementation
milestones set forth in this Order and Authorization and to file annual
reports to the Commission regarding the status of spacecraft
construction. We expect that Orbimage will be able to achieve these
milestones because the milestones projected by Orbimage in its
application fall well within the implementation milestones set forth in
this license.

C. International Coordination

12\. Orbimage is subject to international obligations under the
International Radio Regulations. Orbimage will be required to provide
the Commission with all information required to effect advance
publication and notification of its satellite system pursuant to the
International Radio Regulations and for consultation pursuant to Article
XIV of the INTELSAT Agreement. Further, we remind Orbimage that
authority to transmit remote-sensing data to earth stations located in
other countries must be sought from the country in which the earth
station is located. Authorization for transmissions between an earth
station located in a foreign country and the Orbimage space segment is
solely within the host country\'s jurisdiction.

E. Regulatory Treatment

13\. Section 332(c)(5) of the Communications Act, as amended, states
that \"nothing in this section shall prohibit the Commission from
continuing to determine whether the provision of space segment capacity
\... shall be treated as common carriage.\" \[FN22\] Pursuant to this
authority, we grant Orbimage\'s request that it be regulated as a
non-common carrier. According to its application, Orbimage will not be
providing communication services to any third party on a common carrier
basis. All communications to and from the Orbview satellites will be for
the internal and exclusive use of Orbimage, in conjunction with
Orbimage\'s U.S. commercial remote sensing business. Because Orbimage is
not providing any service on the Orbview system directly to end users,
we will allow Orbimage to operate as a non-common carrier.

IV\. CONCLUSION

14\. We find that Orbimage is qualified to hold a space station license
in the Earth exploration-satellite service and grant of its application
will serve the public interest, convenience, and necessity. Authorizing
Orbimage to launch and operate a system consisting of two remote-sensing
space stations will encourage the development of space and ground
station technology in the Earth exploration-satellite service, which
will result in the development of new markets and services in the
remote-sensing satellite industry.

V. ORDERING CLAUSES

15\. Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED that Application File No. 83-SAT-P/LA-98
(2) IS GRANTED and Orbimage IS AUTHORIZED to launch and operate two
space stations in accordance with the technical parameters set forth in
its application and subsequent submissions related thereto.

16\. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, unless extended by the Commission for
good cause shown, this authorization shall become null and void in the
event that the space stations are not constructed, launched and
successfully placed into operation in accordance with the technical
parameters and terms and conditions of the authorization by the
following dates:

Commence Construction Complete Construction Launch

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

First Satellite N/A August 2001 February 2001

Second Satellite August 2001 February 2002 August 2003

17\. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the license term for the space stations
is ten years and will commence on the date the licensee certifies to the
Commission that the satellite has been successfully placed into orbit
and the operations fully conform to the terms and conditions of this
authorization.

18\. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the temporary assignment of any orbital
planes, or of any particular frequencies, to Orbimage is subject to
change by summary Order of the Commission on 30 days\' notice and does
not confer any permanent right to use the orbit and spectrum. Neither
this authorization nor any right granted by this authorization, shall be
transferred, assigned or disposed of in any manner, voluntarily or
involuntarily, or by transfer of control of any corporation holding this
authorization, to any person except upon application to the Commission
and upon a finding by the Commission that the public interest,
convenience and necessity will be served thereby.

19\. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Orbimage shall, within 10 days after a
required implementation milestone as specified in this license, certify
to the Commission by affidavit that the milestone has been met or notify
the Commission by letter that it has not been met. At its discretion,
the Commission may require the submission of additional information
(supported by affidavit of a person or persons with knowledge thereof)
to demonstrate that the milestone has been met.

20\. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that this authorization is subject to the
completion of consultations under Article XIV of the INTELSAT Agreement.
Upon completion of this consultation, and notification by the Department
of State that the United States has fulfilled its international
obligations with respect to INTELSAT, no further action by this
Commission will be required.

21\. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Orbimage, as required by Section
25.202(c) of the Commission\'s rules, [[47 C.F.R.
](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS25.202&FindType=L)[§](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS25.202&FindType=L)[
25.202(c)](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS25.202&FindType=L)]{.underline},
will prepare any necessary submissions to the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU) for advance publication and notification
of these space stations in accordance with the ITU Radio Regulations.

22\. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Orbimage is AUTHORIZED to offer
remote-sensing satellite service on a non-common carriage basis.

23\. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Orbimage is afforded thirty days from
the date of release of this Order and Authorization to decline this
authorization as conditioned. Failure to respond within that period will
constitute formal acceptance of the authorization as conditioned.

24\. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that this Order and Authorization is
effective upon release.

FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION

Regina M. Keeney

Chief

International Bureau

FN1. \"Land Remote Sensing\" is \"the collection of data which can be
processed into imagery of surface features of the Earth from an
unclassified satellite or satellites, other than an operational United
States Government weather satellite.\" Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of
[[1992, Pub. L. No. 102-555,
](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000819&DocName=USPL102-555&FindType=L)[§](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000819&DocName=USPL102-555&FindType=L)[
3(5),
106](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000819&DocName=USPL102-555&FindType=L)]{.underline}
Stat. 4164, 4165 (1992), [[15 USC 82
](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=15USCAS5621&FindType=L)[§](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=15USCAS5621&FindType=L)[
](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=15USCAS5621&FindType=L)[§](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=15USCAS5621&FindType=L)[
5621](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=15USCAS5621&FindType=L)]{.underline}-[[5658](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=15USCAS5658&FindType=L)]{.underline}.
The term \"remote sensing space system\" is defined by the U.S.
Department of Commerce as \"any instrument or device or combination
thereof and any related ground based facilities capable of sensing the
Earth\'s surface from space by making use of the properties of the
electromagnetic waves emitted, reflected, or diffracted by the sensed
objects.\" [[15 C.F.R.
](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=15CFRS960.3&FindType=L)[§](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=15CFRS960.3&FindType=L)[
960.3](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=15CFRS960.3&FindType=L)]{.underline}.

FN2. The 1984 Act is codified at [[15 U.S.C.
](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=15USCAS4201&FindType=L)[§](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=15USCAS4201&FindType=L)[
4201](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=15USCAS4201&FindType=L)]{.underline}.

FN3. Section 205(e) of the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of [[1992,
P.L. 102-
555](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000819&DocName=USPL102-555&FindType=L)]{.underline},
made clear that \"nothing in \[the 1984 Act\] shall affect the authority
of the Federal Communications Commission pursuant to the Communication
Act of 1934.\" [[15 USC
](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=15USCAS5625&FindType=L)[§](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=15USCAS5625&FindType=L)[
5625(e)](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=15USCAS5625&FindType=L)]{.underline}.

FN4. The Department of Commerce granted a license to Orbital Sciences
Corporation, Orbimage\'s parent company, on May 5, 1994. This license
was modified in 1995 to name Orbimage as the licensee). Application of
Orbital Imaging Corporation before the FCC (Feb. 2, 1998) at 6 (Orbimage
Application)

FN5. The Commission is also responsible for the publication,
coordination, and notification of the frequency assignment with the
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radiocommunication Bureau,
pursuant to the International Radio Regulations of the ITU. [[47 C.F.R.
](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS25.111&FindType=L)[§](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS25.111&FindType=L)[
25.111(b)](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS25.111&FindType=L)]{.underline}.

FN6. Orbimage Application at 14.

FN7. TT&C operations control and monitor a satellite\'s electrical
function and orbit from a fixed-earth station and allow information to
be transmitted to the satellite that can alter the electrical function
of the spacecraft and, if necessary, adjust that orbit. TT&C functions
may be conducted in bands allocated to the space operation service or in
the band on which the underlying service is being provided. [[47 C.F.R.
](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS2.1&FindType=L)[§](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS2.1&FindType=L)[
2.1](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS2.1&FindType=L)]{.underline}.

FN8. A sun-synchronous orbit permits the earth observing remote-sensing
satellite to pass directly over a given spot on the ground at the same
local time; i.e., with the sun in essentially the same position in the
sky from one day to the next. As a result, shadows in pictures taken on
different days by the satellite are at the same angles, making it easy
to detect earth environmental changes over time.

FN9. Orbimage Application at 16.

FN10. Orbimage Application at 17.

FN11. Orbimage Application at 10.

FN12. Services allocated on a co-primary basis have equal rights to
operate in a particular frequency band. Stations operating in primary
services may claim protection from harmful interference from stations in
secondary services. Moreover, stations operating in a secondary service
cannot cause harmful interference to nor claim protection from harmful
interference from stations of a primary service. [[47 C.F.R.
](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS2.104&FindType=L)[§](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS2.104&FindType=L)[
](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS2.104&FindType=L)[§](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS2.104&FindType=L)[
2.104(d)](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS2.104&FindType=L)]{.underline}
and
[[2.105(c)](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS2.105&FindType=L)]{.underline}.

FN13. Remote sensing systems are intended to operate in the EESS
allocation. EESS is defined as \"\[a\] radiocommunication service
between earth stations and one or more space stations, which may include
links between space stations in which: (1) information relating to the
characteristics of the Earth and its natural phenomena is obtained from
active sensors or passive sensors on earth satellites; (2) similar
information is collected from air-borne or earth-based platforms; (3)
such information may be distributed to earth stations within the system
concerned; and (4) platform interrogation may be included.\" [[47 C.F.R.
](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS2.106&FindType=L)[§](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS2.106&FindType=L)[
2.106](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS2.106&FindType=L)]{.underline}.

FN14. [[47 C.F.R.
](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS2.106&FindType=L)[§](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS2.106&FindType=L)[
2.106](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS2.106&FindType=L)]{.underline},
US Footnote 258.

FN15. Orbimage Application at 4.

FN16. See [[47 C.F.R.
](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS2.106&FindType=L)[§](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS2.106&FindType=L)[
2.106](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000547&DocName=47CFRS2.106&FindType=L)]{.underline}

FN17. [[47 U.S.C.
](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=47USCAS308&FindType=L)[§](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=47USCAS308&FindType=L)[
308(b)](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=47USCAS308&FindType=L)]{.underline}.

FN18. See, e.g., Second Report and Order in [[Gen. Docket No. 84-1234, 2
FCC Rcd 485, 488
(1987)](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=4493&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1987183365&ReferencePosition=488)]{.underline}
(Upper L-Band Mobile-Satellite Service Order).

FN19. See, e.g., [[Amendment of the Commission\'s Rules to Establish
Rules and Policies Pertaining to a Non-Voice, Non-Geostationary
Mobile-Satellite Service, 8 FCC Rcd 8450
(1993)](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=4493&FindType=Y&SerialNum=1993254619)]{.underline}
(NVNG MSS Order).

FN20. [[Amendment of the Commission\'s Rules to Allocate Spectrum for,
and to Establish Other Rules and Policies Pertaining to, a
Radiodetermination Satellite Service, 104 FCC 2d 650
(1986)](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1017&FindType=Y&SerialNum=1986028705)]{.underline}.

FN21. In the [[Matter of Applications of Norris Satellite
Communications, Inc. Application for Authority to Construct, Launch and
Operate Communications Satellites in the KA-Band, Order and
Authorization, 7 FCC Rcd 4289
(1992)](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=4493&FindType=Y&SerialNum=1992238005)]{.underline}.

FN22. [[47 U.S.C.
](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=47USCAS332&FindType=L)[§](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=47USCAS332&FindType=L)[
332
(c)(5)](http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000546&DocName=47USCAS332&FindType=L)]{.underline}.

ERRATUM

Erratum Released: February 24, 1999

Erratum Adopted: February 23, 1999

By the Chief, International Bureau:

1\. On February 17, the International Bureau released an Order and
Authorization (DA-99-353) in the above-captioned proceeding. This
Erratum corrects an error in paragraph 16 in the released version of the
Order and Authorization. This correction will be reflected in the FCC
Record as well as in the version available for download from the
Commission\'s Internet site.

2\. In paragraph 16 correct the milestone dates to read:

Commence Construction Complete Construction Launch

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

First Satellite N/A August 2001 February 2002

Second Satellite August 2001 February 2003 August 2003

FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION

Regina M. Keeney

Chief

International Bureau

1999 WL 74140 (F.C.C.), 14 F.C.C.R. 2997, 14 FCC Rcd. 2997

END OF DOCUMENT