# Presentation: TS44UWNTR3EQY4YHAA7YOB43ANQ4R636

## NIH 101 – Why NIH?

- Joan P. Schwartz, PhD
- Assistant Director, Office of Intramural Research
- Office of the Director
- jps@helix.nih.gov

## National Institutes of Health

**National Institutes of Health**

- conducting research in its own laboratories (**intramural**)
- providing support for research conducted by scientists in universities, medical schools, hospitals, and other research institutions throughout the country and abroad (**extramural**)
- training research investigators
- fostering the communication of medical information

## NIH consists of 27 Institutes and Centers

**= Extramural only**

**NEI**

**NCI**

**NHLBI**

**NLM**

**NINDS**

**NIMH**

**NIAMS**

**NINR**

**NCCAM**

**CIT**

**CC**

**NHGRI**

**NIA**

**NIAAA**

**NIAID**

**NICHD**

**NIDCD**

**NIDCR**

**NIDDK**

**NIDA**

**NIEHS**

**OD**

**NIGMS**

**NCRR**

**NIBIB**

**NCMHD**

**FIC**

**CSR**

## National Institutes of Health

- Research Grants 71%

- All Other 6%

- Research Management& Support 3%

- IntramuralResearch 10%

- R&DContracts 7%

- ResearchTraining3%

**National Institutes of Health**

- (FY 2006 $28.8 billion)

- Over 80% of NIH funds support extramural research

## The NIH has 75 buildings on 322 acres in Bethesda, Maryland

## NIAIDHamilton, MT

- NIHBethesda, MD

- NIEHSRaleigh/Durham, NC

- NIDDKPhoenix, AZ

- NIA, NIDABaltimore, MD

- NIHBethesda, MD

- NIEHSRaleigh/Durham, NC

## Other NIH Research Sites

-  NIAID Rocky Mountain Labs, Montana

- NIDDK Diabetes/Obesity – Phoenix, AZ

- NIEHS – Research Triangle Park, NC
- NIDA and NIA – Baltimore, MD

- NICHD – Detroit, MI

- NCI – Frederick, MD

## Key elements of intramural program

- Intellectual freedom:  ability to do high-risk, high- impact science because of a predominantly retrospective review system
- Stable resources and funding for new technology and high-risk long-term projects
- A critical mass of talent to collaborate with: recruitment from diverse sources, “an eye for talent”
- Leadership that recognizes the unique features of the NIH intramural program and preserves these – support for unconventional ideas

## Unique Features of Intramural Research

- Well-equipped, safe, modern research laboratories (6,800,000 sq. ft.)
- State-of-the-art equipment
- Extensive animal facilities
- Effective technology transfer program

## Unique Features of Intramural Research

- Clinical Center--a hospital dedicated to research
- Access to patients with rare diseases from across the U.S. and the world
- ICs with specific disease orientations
- Ability to respond quickly to public health threats

## Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center – Just opened

**Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center** **– Just opened**

-  240 beds

- 7,000 inpatient admissions a year

- 9,750 new patients a year

- 72,600 outpatient visits a year

-  900 active clinical research protocols

## Key intramural achievements

- Development of cell/tissue culture media and techniques
- First cure of a solid tumor (choriocarcinoma) using chemotherapy
- First clinical trial of lithium for depression
- Critical contributions to understanding the cause, pathophysiology, and drugs for HIV-AIDS
- Development of sequence similarity database searching and comparison
- Research resulting in 5 Nobel Prizes, including the elucidation of the genetic code

## How many researchers are at NIH?

- 600 postbaccalaureate trainees

- 100 medical students

- 400 graduate students

- 3,800 postdoctoral fellows

- 1,000 summer students

- 280 tenure-track investigators

- 950 senior investigators

- 	 300 staff clinicians

-        900 staff scientists

- 1230 intramural research laboratories & clinical branches

##   The Scientist

- Congratulated the NIH
- for being voted among the** **
**Best Places to Work **
**For Postdocs**
**2006**
- By the readers of the Scientist

## NIH organizations which support postdoctoral fellows

- NIH Office of Intramural Training & Education
- NIH Fellows Committee (FELCOM)
- IC Offices of Fellowship Training
- NIH Scientific Conduct and Ethics Committee

## Trans-NIH activities for fellows

- FARE competitive travel awards
- Scientific Careers in  the New Millenium
- Survival Skills Workshops
- Fellows Job Network
- Job Fair (at Research Festival)
- Communication courses
- Speaking About Science
- Writing About Science

## Research and Training Activities for Fellows

- Over 90 special interest groups
- Wednesday Afternoon Lecture Series (WALS)
- NIH Director’s seminar series
- FAES courses
- Demystifying Medicine, Clinical  Pharmacology, Clinical Research, Bioinformatics, Genomics and Computer courses
- Computer-based training courses

## Bridge research grants for senior fellows

- K99/R00 grants
- K22 grants
- Burroughs-Wellcome bridge grants
- American Heart Assn. Scientist Development Grant

## Bridging Basic Science and Medicine: Interdisciplinary Training Programs

**Objectives**
*   ***Recruitment of outstanding postdocs with M.D. ****	****and Ph.D. degrees to the NIH**
**  ****Increased basic-clinical collaborative studies at ****	****NIH**
**  ****Enhanced career potential of NIH postdocs**
-   **More formal training for postdocs in ****	****bioinformatics, ****	****clinical research, integrative ****	****biology, imaging,  microarray,  genomics, etc.**

## Interdisciplinary Research Areas

**Interdisciplinary Research Areas**

-   Bench-to-bedside/translational research
-   Physics, chemistry, and engineering in biology
- 	- Structural biology
-  	- Robotics
-  	- Tissue engineering
-  Computational biology/bioinformatics
-  Obesity
-  Stem cell research
- Prevention/inflammation

## Research in the 21st Century

**Health Disparities** – Research to eliminate health disparities affecting minority populations and the medically underserved

** ****Health Education and Outreach**** **–     Informing people about the latest advances in   medical research so they can take the best  steps to improve their health, avoid diseases,  or seek treatment** **

**Research in the 21st Century**

** ****High-risk, high-impact research** – Being
-  encouraged in the intramural program

## Research in the 21st Century The Human Genome

- Sequencing of the 3 billion base pairs by an international team
- 35,000 genes estimated
- Human are 99.99% identical at the DNA level
- Implications for medical advances
- Genes for specific diseases discovered

## Research in the 21st Century

**Research in the 21st Century**

- –

**Advanced Technologies –** New approaches to
- studying protein structure and function will bring
- great insights into the study of diseases and the
- design of new drugs

**Disease Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment- **
- New age of medical research with advanced molecular
- and imaging techniques provides unprecedented
- opportunities to design new ways to prevent, diagnose,
- and treat many diseases and conditions

## Web Sites

**www.nih.gov**
**Intramural Training Opportunities**
- http://www.training.nih.gov
**Extramural Training Opportunities**
- http://grants.nih.gov/training/extramural.htm

**Web Sites**

## National Institutes of Health

- “Unlimited Opportunities for Postdoctoral Fellows”