# Presentation: 4BYDSTHP4LRBCEE3HACNE3U6APBLJGYE

## 2009 Energy Conference
April 7, 2009

- April 7, 2009

## The Energy Problem

-  There is potential for geopolitical conflict due to escalating competition for energy resources.
- The risk of adverse Climate Change.

## Oil Dependency is a Drain on our Economy

**(Using EIA data)**

## Oil Dependency is a Drain on our Economy

- FRBSF Economic Letter 11/18/05

- Gray bars indicate a recession

- Percentage price increase

## US oil became a net oil importer in the 1940s

## Energy is a security issue

## Global average temperature

## The standard of living of a country is not proportional to its energy consumption:Human Development Index vs. Electricity use

**United States**

**Japan, France, Netherlands, Italy, UK, Germany, Israel, etc.**

- The standard of living of a country is ***not*** proportional to its energy consumption:Human Development Index vs. Electricity use

## Electricity use per person (1960 – 2008)

**From 1973 to 2008, the GDP/capita in California has doubled.**

## Clean Energy Economy

**Clean Energy Economy**

**New Energy for America’s Economy**

- President Obama’s plan:
-  Create new green jobs that can’t be outsourced *and*add to America’s future competitiveness

## American Competitiveness

**American Competitiveness**

**New Energy for America’s Economy**

## Building Efficiency: Where we are & where we can be. 

- Building Efficiency: Where we are & where we ***can*** be.

- ~ 3x improvement demonstrated6 -8x improvement is possible

## An energy efficient economy requires:

**New Energy for America’s Economy**

- An energy efficient economy requires:
-  Federal investments to promote efficiency
-  Strong and sensible standards
-  Research, development, and deployment of new technologies
-  The collective will of the American people.

## New Energy for America’s Economy

**New Energy for America’s Economy**

## Step 1:

**New Energy for America’s Economy**

- Federal investments to promote efficiency

## President Obama’s American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

**New Energy for America’s Economy**

- $6 billion in loan guarantees
- $8.2 billion for weatherization and energy efficiency
- $3.1 billion for state energy efforts
- $11 billion for smart grid

**President Obama wants R & D tax credit to be permanent**

**Double alternative energy ****production over three years**

## Modest but stable fiscal incentives were essential to stimulate long term development. Energy transmission/storage is also needed.

- Modest but **stable** fiscal incentives were essential to stimulate long term development. Energy transmission/storage is also needed.

**6 MW generator ****(126 m diameter rotors).****  **

## Step 2:

**New Energy for America’s Economy**

- Strong and sensible standards

## Higher standards stimulate technology and innovation:

- Refrigerator efficiency

## Step 3:

**New Energy for America’s Economy**

- Research, development, and deployment of new technologies

## Cost of electricity generation vs. installed capacity (1990 dollars / installed Megawatt hour)

- Cost of electricity generation vs. installed capacity (1990 dollars / installed Megawatt hour)

- 5x cost difference
- (not including distribution, energy storage and back-up generation costs)

## A transformative technology 

- A transformative technology

-  Vacuum tubes generated a lot of heat and burned out.

-  AT&T Bell Laboratories invested heavily in improving vacuum tubes. They ***also ***embarked on a research program to develop a solid state replacement to the vacuum tube.

## Reel-to-reel mass production of efficient solar cells based on rapidly developing nano-technology may be possible.

## The Department of Energy must become the modern Bell Labs

**New Energy for America’s Economy**

- Argonne National Laboratory

- National Renewable Energy Laboratory

- Berkeley National Laboratory

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

## Department of Energy

**New Energy for America’s Economy**

- Largest science funder
- 17 National Laboratories
- Researchers at 300 universities
- 88 Nobel Prize winners

**Department of Energy**

## Time to harness our intellectual horsepower

**Time to harness ****our intellectual horsepower**

## President Obama: Double investment in science over 10 years

**New Energy for America’s Economy**

## Sunlight to energy via Bio-mass

- CO2, H20,
- Nutrients

- Biomass

- Chemical energy

- Develop **energy** plants that can use marginal agricultural land, need less nutrients, water, and are easier to breakdown into simple sugars

## World Production of Grain (1961 – 2004)

**1960: ****Population = 3 B**

**2005:****Population = 6.5 B**

**Source: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations**

*The Population Bomb* goes to press

## The invention of ammonia synthesis by Haber and Bosch made possible artificial fertilizers. 

- Fritz Haber

- Carl Bosch

- The invention of ammonia synthesis by Haber and Bosch made possible artificial fertilizers.

## Man first learned to fly by imitating nature

## Helios Artificial Photosynthesis Project

**The first important step:**
**Sunlight + 2H****2****O******** O****2**** + 4H****+ ****+ 4e****-**

## Earthrise from Apollo 8 (December 24, 1968 )

- Earthrise from Apollo 8 (December 24, 1968 )