# Presentation: 695810

## Session 2:  Sources and Titles

- How do you determine the chief source?
- What is the title proper?  Why is it important?
- What are the challenges of transcription?
- Is other title information important?
- What is the statement of responsibility?
- When do you give notes and/or added entries for variant titles?

## Transcription vs. Identification

- AACR2 is primarily based on transcription
- You record what you see
- Serials have multiple issues and change over time: identification is more appropriate in some cases
- Results in some differences from monographic treatment
- Title transcription is very important
- Inaccuracies in title are not transcribed
- Numbering may be adjusted

**Notes:**
Before going into the details of description, let’s first think about how serials differ from monographs.  AACR2 has been heavily influenced on the cataloging of books, which are static and do not change.  For this reason, the rules prescribe careful transcription of information.

Serials, on the other hand, have multiple issues and change over time.  It is not possible to carefully transcribe everything one sees and, thus, the cataloger must be careful to record only those elements that apply to the entire serial, rather than an individual issue, and to record data in a manner that clearly identifies the title, numbering, and other elements.  

For this reason, the serial rules, particularly as they have been modified in the 2002 revision, allow catalogers to change what they see in some cases.  One example of this is inaccuracies in the title.  When a title bears an obvious inaccuracy, the cataloger assumes that that inaccuracy will not appear on all future issues, and gives the corrected title in the 245 field with the incorrect title in a note.

The transcription of the title is one of the most important things that a serials cataloger does and we’ll be discussing that in this session.

## Basis of the Description

- Base the description on the 1st or earliest available issue or part (AACR2 1.0A2, 12.0B1)
- If there is more than one issue in hand, look for changes in subsequent issues that are important and worth noting
- Problems associated with determining first issue:
- First is based on numeric designation (and not chronology)
- Premiere, preview and introductory issues

**Notes:**
Determining from where to take information for a serial is a two-step process and what was once one rule is now two.  First you need to decide which issue to use, then where on that issue you will take the title from.

The revised rules recognize that over time serials are described from many issues and there is more emphasis on recording notes for later changes.

When a change to an existing serial requires creation of a new record, base the description for that record on the first or earliest issue in hand for that title.

When issues are published out of sequence, base the description on the issue with the lowest numerical designation rather than the one with the earliest date.

## Introductory and Premier Issues

- Bear words such as “introductory” or “premier” issue
- May also be numbered “volume 1, no. 1”
- Base description on this issue, if it is really the first issue

## Sample or Pilot Issues

- Bear words such as “trial,” “pilot,” or “sample” issue
- There may be no further issues if not enough interest
- May have numbering (often “volume 1, no. 0”) and dates, dates alone, or no separate numbering or date
- Do not base the description on sample or pilot issues
-  Instead, wait for another issue to be sure that the serial will really be published

## Determining the Chief Source

- Print serials (AACR2 12.0B2)
- Title page, or:
- Title page substitutes in order of preference:  analytical title page; cover; caption; masthead; editorial pages; colophon; other pages (contents, etc.)
- Always give a note for the source of title when using a title page substitute
- 500      Title from cover.
- Less preferred sources are sometimes used in retrospective work when they have a stable title
- But only if there is no true title page!

**Notes:**
The concept of chief source is critical to AACR2.  It is generally the page or area from which the title is transcribed.  Its selection and the determination of the title are interrelated decisions.  If catalogers “know” they are using the same chief source, it provides for consistency in decision-making in cataloging (e.g., knowing when a major change in title has occurred).

What if there isn’t a title page? A cataloger often does not have a t.p. with serials and the chief source is therefore a t.p. substitute.  Don’t use a page that contains only the name of the issuing body as a t.p. if a title is given prominently elsewhere (e.g., cover, spine, etc.).  If there is no true title page, it is okay to choose the cover or another page as substitute even if it contains contents or editorial information.

Always give a note for the source of title when you are using a t.p. substitute.  The “Title from ....” note is usually combined with the “Description based on:” note.  

When (re)cataloging older titles, covers of individual titles may have been removed.  Use volume t.p. if one is available and give a “Title from volume t.p.” note.  If there is no volume t.p., punt. Accept copy in the database if it’s there.

## Multiple Title Pages

- Title covers two facing pages (AACR2 12.0B2.a)
- Treat as a single t.p.
- Two title pages for different languages of the text (AACR2 1.0A3.a.ii)
- T.p. with primary language of text
- Use as title page and treat its title as the title proper; use other as “Added title page”
- If equal text in two different languages:
- See priority list of languages in rule

**Notes:**
When the title stretches over two facing pages, both pages are treated as a single chief source.

If there are title pages for different languages, the title page with the language of the text is treated as the chief source and the other page is treated as an added title page (246 15).

If there is equal text in the languages on two different title pages (one may be inverted with a title page on the back cover), the language used by the cataloging agency determines the chief source that is used.  For Canadian publications cataloged according to AACR2, English would be preferred because it is first alphabetically – but perhaps not in Quebec!

If there is no source with the primary language of the text, follow the list in AACR2 1.0A3a.iic

## Title Proper

- The chief name [i.e., title] of an item, including any alternative title but excluding parallel titles and other title information (AACR2)
- Includes subfields $a, $n and $p
- Alternative titles (in subfield $a)
- Number of part/section (subfield $n)
- Name of part/section (subfield $p)

**Notes:**
The title proper is recorded from the chief source. It may be a word, a phrase, an acronym, initialism, the name of a corporate body (in the absence of a title).  If there is no title, it may be supplied from a reference source.

## Importance of the Title Proper

- Constitutes the main entry when there is no 1xx field
- Is used to determine major changes
- Is used to determine need for uniform title
- Is used in links to other records
- Is used in citations to other sources (A&I services)
- Is used by check-in, binding staff, etc., in their related serials work

## Title Proper

- Straightforward title consisting of a word or phrase
- 	($a)

- 245 00  Canadian ceramics quarterly.

- 245 00  Journal.

-   Title and alternative title ($a)
- Give access to both parts of the title proper

- 245 04  The bee, or, Universal weekly pamphlet.
- 246 20  Bee
- 246 30  Universal weekly pamphlet

**Notes:**
The majority of serials have a straightforward title, though some serials may have alternative titles or common titles and section titles.

Alternative titles are mostly seen in 19th and early 20th century titles and are rarely used today.  An alternative title is a second, dependent title that appears with the first title and is preceded by the word “or” or its equivalent in another language.  A comma separates the first part of the title from the alternative title and the first word of the alternative title should be capitalized. The alternative title should not be put in a $b.

Common title and section titles will be discussed a little later in this session.

## Challenges of Transcription

- Where does the title begin?
- Words preceding the title that may or may not be part of title, e.g., “Welcome to ...” (AACR2 1.1B1)
- Name or initialism of a corporate body may appear in front of title words (AACR2 12.1B3)

- 245 00 MIT Sloan management review.

- 245 00  Christmas crafts.
- 246 3    Better homes and gardens presents
-  		Christmas crafts
- 500	   At head of title: Better homes and gardens

**Notes:**
Note that rule 1.1B1 says not to transcribe words that are meant to be an introduction rather than part of the title.  Words such as “Welcome to” and “Presents” fit into this category.

AACR2 12.1B3 states: “In case of doubt about whether a corporate body’s name or an abbreviation of that name is part of the title proper, treat the name as such only if it is consistently so presented in various locations in the resource and/or as found in indexes, abstracts, or other sources.”

In the first example, “MIT” precedes the title words on the piece and the cataloger determined it was part of the title proper– after checking other sources in the issue.  Publishers are often unaware that the typography on the chief source may require catalogers to determine the title proper to be something other than what the publisher thinks it is.

In the second example, a separate 500 note has been given in addition to the 246.  When what appears at head of title is title data, using the 246 field to generate the added entry is sufficient. However, in cases where the omitted phrase is not title data, the use of the 500 note is preferable.

## Challenges of Transcription

- What to omit from the title (AACR2 12.1B7)
- Numbers, dates, etc. that are likely to change frequently
- Names of persons that are likely to change often
- Distinctive titles (LCRI 12.7B4)
- Previous titles or titles that have been absorbed (AACR2 12.1B1)

- 245 08  The ... portrait : $b regional economic review
-  		and outlook.  [year removed]

- 245 00  Frommer’s Australia from $ ... a day.
- 		[dollar amount removed]

**Notes:**
In the first example, the year is left out, in the second, the dollar amount.

## Challenges of Transcription

- Where does the title end?

- 	   FIRST ANNUAL 		          REPORT
- 		OF THE
- PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION
- FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st DECEMBER	1939

**ACTA ACUSTICA**
- UNITED WITH
- ACUSTICA

- 245 10 Annual report of the Public Utilities    Commission for the year ended ...

- 245 00 Acta acustica.
- 780 05 $t Acustica

**Notes:**
In the example on the left, the numbering at the beginning (as we discussed earlier) and the date at the end (31st December 1939) are both removed from the transcription of the title (AACR2 12.1B7)

In the second example, the words “united with Acustica” are not treated as part of the title proper because Acustica used to be a separate serial and has been absorbed by Acta acustica.  According to AACR2 12.1B1, if the title includes a statement mentioning an earlier title, title absorbed, etc., that may or may not be grammatically linked to the rest of the title, it is not transcribed as part of the title proper. This is because the statement is likely to disappear on future issues. The relationship is instead given in a linking note (AACR2 12.7B8).

## Challenges of Transcription

- Corporate body in title (AACR2 12.1B3)
- Title words may or may not be connected to name of issuing body
- Title may be unclear because name of issuing body is in a creative form or logo on t.p.
- In case of doubt, give name or abbreviation as part of title proper only if it is consistently presented that way in various locations in resource or in indexes, abstracts, etc.
- In some cases, the title proper will consist of nothing but the name of the corporate body

**Notes:**
AACR2 12.1B3 states: “In case of doubt about whether a corporate body’s name or an abbreviation of that name is part of the title proper, treat the name as such only if it is consistently so presented in various locations in the resource and/or as found in indexes, abstracts, or other sources.”

## Challenges of Transcription

- Corporate body in title (or not)

- TYCO INTERNATIONAL LTD. ANNUAL REPORT 2000
- 245 10 TYCO International Ltd. annual report.

- 1999 ANNUAL REPORT *Puget Sound Energy*
- 245 10 Annual report / $c Puget Sound Energy.

- FISHER COMPANIES INC. 1998 ANNUAL REPORT
- 245 10 Fisher Companies Inc. ... annual report.

- But:

**Notes:**
Corporate bodies often produce annual reports and they are a good example of the difficulties of transcription.

In the first two examples, the name of the body and the title are presented in the same type face and not separated by any extra spaces, so the corporate body name would be included in the title.  

In the last example, the title would be “Annual report” with the name of the corporate body belonging in the statement of responsibility.  Even if the corporate name probably preceded the title on the chief source, the different typography would make it the statement of responsibility instead of part of the title.

These different presentations are not as problematic as they used to be, given the new minor change in title rules (which will be explained in session 7).

## Challenges of Transcription 

- Initialism/acronym vs. full form as title proper (AACR2 12.1B2)
- Give full form as the title proper when both are presented on the chief source
- Give initialism as other title information
- Provide added entry for initialism (LCRI 21.30J)

- 245 00  Journal of earthquake engineering :
- $b JEE.
- 246 30  JEE

**Notes:**
This is a rule that was changed to harmonize with ISSN key title rules. Previously, the full form was chosen “unless the acronym or initialism is the only form of title presented in other locations in the serial.”  Now, always prefer the full form as the title proper no matter how it is presented elsewhere on the piece.

## Challenges of Transcription

- Inaccuracies in the title proper
- 	 (AACR2 12.1B1)
- Correct obvious typographic errors
- Give the title as it appears on the resource in a note
- In case of doubt whether spelling is incorrect, transcribe as found

- 245 00  Equipment production in developing countries.
- 246 1    $i Title appeared on first two issues incorrectly
-  as: $a Equipment production in developing countries

**KLindlan:**

**Notes:**
This is an example of LC/CONSER practice being added to the rules. The reason that inaccuracies aren’t recorded in the title is that the title proper is used for links and added entries and is meant to represent the entire serial, not just the first issue.

## Common Title and Section Title(12.1B4)

- Give common title followed by section or supplement title if:
- It is a separately published section of, or supplement to another resource, AND:
- Title proper as presented in chief source consists of title common to all sections and title of the section or supplement, AND:
- The two parts are grammatically independent
- If they don’t appear on any source together, give the section title as the title proper and the common title as a series (AACR2 12.1B6)

**Notes:**
Consider all presentations of the common title and section title on the title page and preliminaries and if any one gives both, consider that source to be the chief source (LCRI 12.1B4).  A cover or other source can take precedence over a title page in this situation. 

You may also want to check the authority file as these types of titles or their parts might be monographic series.

## Common Title and Section Title

- On title page:

- 245 00 Journal of the Chemical Society.
- $p Perkin transactions I.

- JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY
- Perkin
- Transactions I

- Catalog record:

**Notes:**
Section titles are used when multiple titles share the same basic title in $a.

In this example, there is also a “Perkin transactions II.”  Thus, the number I is part of the section title and not a designation of the section, or the numbering of the serial.  The title is presented differently in various sources.  In the masthead, the title is given as:
	Perkin Transactions I

On the contents page, it appears as:
	JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY
	Perkin Transactions I
	Organic and Bio-organic Chemistry 
(and the title continues the Journal of the Chemical Society. C, Organic, so the last part could be considered the part title if it were on the chief source)

(The running title is:
	J. CHEM. SOC. PERKIN TRANS. I)

## Common Title and Section Title

- On title page:

- 245 00  Wage & salary survey.
- $p Pierce County.

- Pierce County
- Wage & Salary
- Survey
- 1996

- Catalog record:

**Notes:**
There are “Wage & salary survey” titles for other counties (singly or together) in the state of Washington, so this is better treated as a “common title, part title” situation and not: “Pierce County wage & salary survey.” 

Rule 12.1B4 says to transcribe the parts of the title in a prescribed order, not in the found order. 

## Common Title and Section Title

- BUT: on title page:

- 245 00  Journal of basic engineering.
- 490 1    Transactions of the ASME ; $v ser. D

- JOURNAL OF BASIC ENGINEERING

- On other sources:

- Transactions of the ASME
- Series D

- Catalog record:

**Notes:**
This example shows there are other parts to the “Transactions”, but it is treated as a series rather than as a common title situation because the common title and section title do not appear on any source together.

## Common Title and Designation

- On title page:

- 245 00  Indian journal of physics. $n Part A.

- Indian Journal of Physics
- Part A

- Catalog record:

**Notes:**
Section titles may be labeled as merely a designation, without a corresponding section title, as in this example. 

## Common Title and Designation

- What appears to be a designation may not be one!  On title page:

- 245 04  The journal of the Acoustical
- Society of Japan (E).

- THE JOURNAL
- of
- the Acoustical Society
- Of Japan
- (E)

- Catalog record:

**Notes:**
In this example, the (E) presumably stands for the fact that this journal contains English abstracts of the original papers and letters to the editor that appear in the Japanese edition.  There are not other parts to this journal.

## Common Title, Designation of Section and Section Title (12.1B5)

- On title page:

- 245 00  Journal of the Chemical Society.
- $n C, $p Organic.

- Journal of the
- Chemical Society
- C
- Organic

- Catalog record:

**Notes:**
Section titles may have a number or part (and which can be called parts, volumes, etc.) and a title for that section indicating its subject matter.

## Common Title, Designation of Section and Section Title

- On title page:

- 245 00  Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling
- Program. $n Part A, $p Initial report.

- Catalog record:

**PROCEEDINGS OF THE**
**OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM**
- VOLUME 101
- Part A – INITIAL REPORT

**Notes:**
In this example, the parts of the title are separated by the volume number.  There is another part to this title called “Scientific results,” which lacks the part designation.  Its title is “Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Scientific results.”

## Common Title, Designation of Section and Section Title

- On t.p.:

- 245 00  National accounts of OECD countries. $n Volume
-  II, $p Detailed tables = $b Comptes nationaux des
- pays de l’OCDE. $n Volume II, $p Tableaux détaillés.

**NATIONAL ACCOUNTS OF OECD COUNTRIES**
- DETAILED TABLESVOLUME II
- TABLEAUX DÉTAILLÉS
**COMPTES NATIONAUX DES PAYS DE L’OCDE**

- Catalog record:

**Notes:**
In this example, the designation of the section is Volume II, which is not the numbering of the issue.  The designation is “used” twice, once in the English title proper and once in the French parallel title. Note that the parts of the title may appear in a different order in the title proper than they do on the piece.

## Other Title Information

- Record other title information (AACR2 12.1E1)
- If it is an acronym/initialism of the title and appears on the chief source
- If a statement of responsibility or name of publisher is an integral part of the other title information
- If the title proper is only the name of a corporate body, conference, etc., give a brief addition to explain the title proper (per 1.1E6)

**Notes:**
Record other title information if:
It is an initialism
It contains statement or responsibility
If is supplied according to AACR2 1.1E6 for name of corporate body or conference as title.

## Other Title Information

- In other situations:
- If important, transcribe in the title and statement of responsibility, or
- Give in a note IF considered important, or
- Ignore it!
- Change in other title information (AACR2 12.1E2, 12.7B6.2)
- Give it in a note if other title information was included in the 245 or 500 field

**Notes:**
Decision process:
Decide whether a subtitle adds significantly to understanding of the title proper	
Determine whether to put it in title statement or note based on system/OPAC considerations

## Other Title Information

- 245 00  Flintridge Foundation Awards for
- Visual Artists :  $ b [catalogue].

- 245 00  Sorui : $b the bulletin of the Japanese
- Society of Phycology.

**Notes:**
The first example illustrates a statement of responsibility embedded in other title information.

In the second example, the title is the name of a corporate body and it needs to be explained (AACR2 1.1E6).

## Other title information

- 245 00 Chronicles : $b a magazine of American
-              culture.

- 245 00  Journal of earthquake engineering :
- $b JEE.
- 246 30  JEE

**Notes:**
In the example on top, the title on its own is pretty meaningless and the subtitle provides a statement of the subject of the journal.  It could also be given as a quoted note.

In the bottom example, the title consists of a full form and acronym and the acronym is given as other title information.

## Statement of Responsibility

- Transcribe those relating to corporate bodies (AACR 2 12.1F1) that appear prominently
- Don’t give if it already appears in title proper or other title information, unless it appears separately also (AACR2 12.1F2)
- Rarely give for persons who are editors (AACR2 12.1F3)
- Give editors in a note if you consider necessary (e.g., for a well-known literary author)
- Don’t supply a statement of responsibility

**Notes:**
The statement of responsibility contains the name of the corporate body responsible for the serial.  In order for a phrase to be considered a statement of responsibility, it must appear formally (and not embedded in text) and it must be given on the chief source or other prominent location, i.e., the cover, verso of the t.p., other pages preceding the title page or colophon.  When giving it from a source other than the chief source, bracket it in the 245 $c.  If there is no statement of responsibility, don’t make it up!

Consider most persons given on serials to be editors or compilers and omit them from the description, as instructed in AACR2 12.1F3.  But for a faculty member who edits a journal, you may wish to provide a note and added entry in your local record – but not in the record you input in the national database.

## Statement of Responsibility

- 245 00  S & P 500 ... directory / $c Standard
- 		& Poor’s Corporation.

- 245 00  Directory of associations of inventors / $c prepared
-  	by the International Bureau of the World Intellectual
- 	Property Organization = Répertoire des associations
- 	 d’inventeurs / préparé par le Bureau international de
- 	 l’Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle.

**Notes:**
In the first example, the statement of responsibility is added even though S & P appears in the title proper because it is also given on the chief source in a separate statement.

In the second example, the title and statement of responsibility in the same language are paired together, according to AACR2 1.1F10.

Note that once you have a $c, the parallel title is not subfielded with a $b symbol nor is the following statement of responsibility subfielded with a $c symbol.  If you’re unsure about subfielding in the 245 field, look it up in the CEG or in OCLC or RLIN documentation.

## Variant Titles and Title Added Entries (Field 246)

- Access for portion of title or variation in title proper (21.30J/LCRI)
- Portions of the title proper
- Alternative titles
- Section titles
- Substitution in title proper
- Parallel titles
- Other title information, e.g., acronyms

**Notes:**
We don’t usually make a 246 for other title information, unless it’s an acronym.

## Variant Titles & Title Added Entries

- 245 00  Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical
-         Engineers. $n Part F, $p Journal of rail and rapid transit.
- 246 30  Journal of rail and rapid transit

- 245 04 The NUS economic journal.
- 246 2    National University of Singapore
- 		economic journal

- 245 00  FAO quarterly bulletin of statistics = $b Bulletin
- trimestriel FAO de statistiques.
- 246 31  Bulletin trimestriel FAO de statistiques

**Notes:**
In the first example, a user might think that the part title is the title of the piece.  As a result, providing an added entry is critical for searching.

The second example is a cataloger-assigned added entry for the expanded initialism for the name of the corporate body in the title.  This may be helpful in keyword searching.  You can also provide a spelled-out form of number, symbol, etc. 

The third example illustrates providing an added entry (but not a note) for parallel title(s) given in the 245 field.

## Other Variant Titles

- Give access to other title(s) on the serial if it:
- Differs substantially from the title proper
- Contributes to the identification of the serial
- Provides meaningful access
- Is located prominently and is likely to be searched as the title
- May give a note: “Commonly known as:” (AACR2 1.7B4)

**Notes:**
Use judgment in giving access to other title(s) appearing on the serial.

## Other Variant Titles

- 245 04  The skanner  $h [microform].
- 246 17   Seattle skanner

- 245 00  Internationale Papierwirtschaft : $b IPW.
- 246 30  IPW
- 246 1    $i Issues for <2000-> also have title in
- 	English: $a International paperworld

- 245 00  Newsletter / $c American Public Works
- 		Association, Washington State Chapter.
- 246 13  APWA newsletter

**Notes:**
These are some representative examples of variant titles.

## Summary

- Base the description on the first or earliest issue
- Determine the title page or its substitute according to the priority order to ensure consistency in decision-making among catalogers
- The choice of title proper is important for serials: it is used in single entry access files (e.g., for check-in),  for determining major changes, in links, etc.
- Record other title information if it contains a statement of responsibility, is an initialism or acronym of the title proper, or if it is supplied according to 1.1E6

## Summary

- Give added entries and/or notes for titles that differ significantly from the title proper if they affect searching and retrieval

## 			Exercises

## Exercise 1

- 245 00  Exploring Mercator’s world.
- 246 30 Mercator’s world
- 500	“The magazine of maps, geography, and discovery.”
- 500	 Title from cover.

## Exercise 2

- 245 10  Newsletter / $c Southeastern Archaeological Conference.
- 246 1    $i Title on masthead: $a SEAC newsletter
- 246 3    Southeastern Archaeological Conference newsletter
- 500        Title from caption.
-  	[This record would also have a uniform title.]

## Exercise 3

- 245 00  SALALM newsletter : $b publication of the Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials.
- 246 2	Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials newsletter
- 500	 Title from caption.

## Exercise 4

- 245 10  Address of state by H.E. the president of the Republic of Indonesia ... before the House of People’s Representatives on the occasion of the ... independence day.
- [The name may change and the number of the independence day may change, so they’re represented by “...” in the 245.]

## Exercise 5

- 245 10  Transactions / $c North American Wild Sheep Conference.
- 500       Title from cover.
- [Even though the page following the cover looks like a title page, there is no real title on it and a title does appear on the cover.  Thus, the cover is used as the title page substitute.]

## Exercise 6

- 245 00  Solutions! : $b the official publication of TAPPI & PIMA.
- 246 13  Solutions for people, processes and paper
- 500       Title from cover.
- [The exclamation point signals the end of the title, even though the wording that follows is grammatically linked. The added entry is given to provide access to the title with the additional words.]

## Exercise 7

- 	245 10  Bulletin /$c Association of Canadian Map Libraries and 		Archives = Bulletin / Association des cartothèques et 		archives cartographiques du Canada.
- 	500	Title from cover.
- 	[Note: This record would also have a uniform title.]

## Exercise 8

- 245 00  Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Forstwesen / $c 				Schweizerischer Forstverein =  Rivista forestale svizzera / 		Società forestale svizzera = Swiss forestry journal / Swiss 		Forestry Society.
- 246 31  Rivista forestale svizzera
- 246 31  Swiss forestry journal
- 500        Title from cover.
- [This example shows usage of parallel titles in the U.S. using second level of description. It might be different in other countries.]

## Exercise 9

- 245 10   Center : $b record of activities and 	research reports / $c National Gallery 	of Art, Center for Advanced Study in 	the Visual Arts.
- 246 30   Record of activities and research 	reports

## Exercise 10

- 245 00  Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical 	Engineers. $n Proceedings part D, $p Journal of 	automobile engineering.
- 246 30  Journal of automobile engineering
- 246 1    $i Title on contents page: $a Proceedings of 	the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. $n Part 	D, $p Automobile engineering
- 246 17  Proc Instn Mech Engrs. $n Part D
- 500       Title from cover.