# Presentation: 526711

## BETA4 TSI/SYNI Status Fred Rose, Tom Charlock, David Doelling, Wenying Su, Zhonghai Jin, David Rutan,Cathy Nguyen, Thomas Caldwell 8th CERES-II Science Team Meeting  8:30am Thursday 15th November Fairmont Empress HotelVictoria, British Columbia, CanadaNov 14-16 2007

**BETA4 TSI/SYNI Status** **Fred Rose, Tom Charlock, ****David Doelling, Wenying Su, ****Zhonghai Jin, David Rutan,****Cathy Nguyen, Thomas Caldwell** 8th CERES-II Science Team Meeting  *8:30am Thursday 15**th** November* *Fairmont Empress Hotel**Victoria, British Columbia, Canada**Nov 14-16 2007*

## Outline

- <date/time>

- TSI Changes for Beta4
- Ed3 like daytime TOA LW correction
- SYNI Changes for Beta4
- Sfc Albedo History revised maps
- Sea Ice Surface Albedo perturbation method
- Snow Grain size retrieval
- Validation
- PAR {SeaWifs Comparison}
- UVA, UVB {USDA Sfc Obs}
- SYNI @ CERES times compared to FSW
- Model Vs Observed TOA Flux
- Geo vs Ceres Times

## SYNI Product What is it?

- Global 1x1deg Grid  Hourly
- Fu-Liou radiative transfer broadband SW and LW TOA, surface and atmosphere
**TSI Input product for SYNI**
- CERES& MODIS (~twice a day)
- 3 hourly Geostationary
- Normalized to CERES for TOA Fluxes
- Geostationary radiances calibrated to MODIS for Cloud Properties ( tau, height, phase, particle size)
**Other major input products for SYNI**
- GEOS4 Temperature & Humidity
- SMOBA Ozone
- Modis and Match AOTs , Match constituents
- Microwave daily Snow & Ice

## TSI Changes For BETA4

- Produce grid-hour _integrated _sun angle!
- 1 Hour in _Time   _
-  Beta4 center on **bottom** of hour :Was centered@Top of the hour in Beta3
- 1x1 degree Grid Box in _Space_.
- Rev1 SW correction applied
- Ed3*like* Daytime Longwave Correction ( ~ +1%)
- _No_ interpolation of MODIS Aerosol during cloudy non-retrieval periods. (SYNI reverts to MATCH AOTs)
- Reduce cloud contamination
- MODIS AOTs *as is*,  **not** filtered by CERES FOV Cloud mask
- Fixed occasional cloud top  > cloud base pressure problem
- Supply clear sky TOA albedo even when overcast
- If clear sky present at some time in month

##                   Ed3-like Daytime Longwave Correction
Monthly Parameterization to Ed2 (SW minus LW) Toa Flux
Based on Loeb processing of daily data Edition 3 Beta7 

**Dark/Warm ********Bright/Cold**

-                   Ed3*-like* Daytime Longwave Correction
- Monthly Parameterization to *Ed2* (SW *minus* LW) Toa Flux
- Based on Loeb processing of daily data *Edition 3* *Beta7*

## Ed3-like Daytime Longwave CorrectionFM1 Trends as function of SW minus LW value  

- Ed3*-like* Daytime Longwave CorrectionFM1 Trends as function of SW *minus *LW value * *

- Bright/Cold scenes
- correction _decreases_

- Dark/Warm scenes
- correction _increases_

- TIME (Year)

## Ed3-like daytime OLR correction

- SYNI vs FSW CERES OBSERVED LW

- Wm-2

- Wm-2

## SYNI vs FSW CERES 

- SYNI spatial temporal integration over hourbox
- Rev1 Correction applied to Obs TOA SW in TSI/SYNI

- SYNI vs FSW CERES
-  Observed SW Reflected Flux
- and TOA Insolation

- Wm-2

## Gamma weighted 2-Stream (SW) , 2/4 Stream (LW) pristine multi-stream correction to COART
Treats sub-computational scale Inhomogeneous clouds ( S.Kato)
Correlated k : 29 Bands : 15 SW,  14 LW   ,  3 of 14 LW in WN 
Enhanced output of PAR and UVA,UVB  (W.Su)
Shortwave: ( 0.17 - 4.0 or inf )    [ 2500-57000 cm-1]
HITRAN 2000 ( H20 )   w/( O2,CO2,CH4)@Fixed concentration  
 JPL(1994) O3 uv , WMO(1985) O3 vis
Longwave  (0-2850cm-1) (3.5 – Infinity ) 
 H20 ,CO2 ,O3 ,N20 ,CH4 ,CFCs, H20 continuum )
Optical Properties:  spectral ( g )
Water Cloud (Y.Hu) 
Ice Cloud ( Q.Fu 1996 ,Dge) 
Aerosol Optical Properties (OPAC, Tegin&Lacis, d’Almedia)
Major Revisions
10 visible SW bands reworked for O3 and rayleigh in 1995
Near-Ir 0.7-1.3 subdivided into 4 bands in 2005
Online Version    http://www-cave.larc.nasa.gov/cave

- Treats sub-computational scale Inhomogeneous clouds ( S.Kato)
- Correlated k : 29 Bands : 15 SW,  14 LW   ,  3 of 14 LW in WN
- Enhanced output of PAR and UVA,UVB  (W.Su)
- Shortwave: ( 0.17 - 4.0 or* inf *)    [ 2500-57000 cm-1]
- HITRAN 2000 ( H20 )   w/( O2,CO2,CH4)@Fixed concentration
-  JPL(1994) O3 uv , WMO(1985) O3 vis
- Longwave  (0-2850cm-1) (3.5 – Infinity )
-  H20 ,CO2 ,O3 ,N20 ,CH4 ,CFCs, H20 continuum )
- Optical Properties:  spectral ( g )
- Water Cloud (Y.Hu)
- Ice Cloud ( Q.Fu 1996 ,Dge)
- Aerosol Optical Properties (OPAC, Tegin&Lacis, d’Almedia)
- Major Revisions
- 10 visible SW bands reworked for O3 and rayleigh in 1995
- Near-Ir 0.7-1.3 subdivided into 4 bands in 2005
- Online Version    http://www-cave.larc.nasa.gov/cave

- SYNI uses Fu-Liou Code

## Beta4 SYNI  CHANGES

- Use Daily MATCH aerosol assimilation when no MODIS
- Cloudy sky aerosol retrieval contamination issue
- Revise Monthly Surface Albedo History(SAH) maps to include Ocean Sea Ice domain and monthly average snow &/or sea ice fraction field.
- Simple Snow Grain size retrieval using CERESonly Broadband
- Spectral surface albedo at non-ceres times assume constant snow grain size
- Separate Clear &Cloudy Sky Colorization of Spectral Sfc Albedo‏LUT
- Zhuo Wang two coef. diurnal models for surface albedo(igbp 1-10&12)
- Add outputs field to SYNI
- MATCH AOT
- SAH  surface albedo values ( consistency check)‏
- UVB Total Sky Upward Flux
- Retrieved snow grain size
- Fix known bugs ::
- Omission of high thin clouds T<235K &Tau < 0.2
- Insure pristine sky toa correction is  output on product
- Cloudy Sky albedo not at diffuse angle for partly cloudy grid boxes
- Allow model computation even if no SW Toa flux given in TSI

## SYNI Surface Optics

**Scene Id**:
- IGBP
- Daily Snow Ice maps ( NSIDC microwave)
- Where No microwave data
- Threshold of Cloud WG Daily 0.63 & 1.6 overhead sun albedo
**Emissivity **
- Cloud WG  seasonal maps (3 window bands)
- SOFA ( IGBP based for remaning LW bands)
**Broadband Surface Albedo:**
- Multiple methods :: apriori and retrievals
- More explanation to follow.....

## Surface Albedo History(SAH)Global Monthly Weighted Mean Maps

- 10’ grid (2160x1080) ~18x18km
- Clear Sky Toa based Surface Albedo Retrieval
- SfcAlb = f (  ToaAlb, SZA, PW, O3, TauAer, SSAAer, Elevation, IGBP)‏
- Monthly Weighted Mean ::
- SfcAlbedo@overheadsun ,  CosSZA,  Cryosphere%
- Weight = u0  *  v0  *  f(Sa2-Sa1)‏
- u0 :Cosine Solar Zenith Angle (0-1)‏   *u0<0.3 allowed*
- Less atmosphere correction at high sun
- v0: Cosine View Zenith Angle (0-1)‏
- Spatial resolution better near nadir, 10’ map is filled
- Oblique views fill multiple 10’ grids @ low weight
- f(Sa2-Sa1): Aerosol Forcing to Retrieved Surface Albedo
- Match Aerosol AOT and Constituents

## Surface Albedo History Composite Creation 

- Monthly maps generated seperately for FM1 & FM2
- Rev1 correction applied before retrieval
- Individual instrument maps composited to fill spatial gaps (c*louds)**‏*
- Remaining gaps filled according to hierarchy
- 1) Canonical Season Month
- 2) Epoch Average (Mar2000-Dec2005)‏
- 3) IGBP default.

## Surface Albedo History perturbation by daily sea ice data

- Can we use daily microwave Sea Ice variability to *perturb* monthly surface albedo ?
- YES ! A Correlation to CERES Clear sky TOA albedo is present
- One month of CERES and Microwave SeaIce
- Cos Sol 0.75 – 0.60

## Cloudy Sky Sea Ice  SAH perturbation method

- Sea Ice Fraction

- Surface Albedo

***DAILY****  *
- SeaIce Frac

*0*

*1*

*0*

*1*

*Monthly mean SeaIce*

*ocean*

*snow*

*Monthly mean SAH*

- Day of Month

*0*

*31*

## Spectral Albedo and Snow Grain SizeCOART model example 

## Snow Grain Retrieval Background

- NIR senses only top 1cm or less
- Visible penetrates snowpack
*~From COART ( Zhonghi Jin)*

- Small grain size near top
- Larger sizes with depth
*   **~**From Aoki 2000*

## Snow Grain Size Retrieval

- Limited to >90% snow cover in grid box according to microwave snow map
- COART(Z.Jin) spectral surface albedo LUT for SNOW
- Sfcalb() = f(CosSZA, Aot , soot, grain size,  )
- Fu Liou calculations using snow spectral albedo for multiple (CosSZA, PW, Aot, O3 ,GrainSize) to generate 2nd LUT of SW broadband TOA albedo as function of snow grain size
- PRIMARY PURPOSE: **retrieval finds a **_**depth and wavelength integrated effective snow grain size**_** consistent with broadband CERES TOA albedo and other LUT inputs that has realistic surface albedo spectral shape for snow!**

- SYNI Effective Snow Grain Retrievals Beta4@SCF

- Jan 2001 SH
- Mean =487

- July 2001 SH
- Mean =755

- Effective Broadband Snow Grainsize ( 

## Surface Albedo Mode Summary Table

|  | Clear high sun
u0 > 0.3 | Clear low sun
u0 < 0.3 | Cloudy |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ocean | Z. Jin COART LUT | Z. Jin COART LUT | Z. Jin COART LUT |
| Land | TOA
Retrieval | Monthly SAH map moved to u0 by Wang(b1,b2) | Monthly SAH map moved to u0diffuse by Wang(b1,b2) |
| SeaIce | TOA
Retrieval | Ice Perturbed Monthly SAH moved diurnally to u0 by Dickenson(d) | Ice Perturbed Monthly SAH moved to u0diffuse by Dickenson(d) |
| Snow | Snow Grain retrieval ONLY  @CERES Times 
SAH as needed | Snow Spectral albedo using last
SGR @u0 
SAH as needed | Snow Spectral albedo using last
SGR@u0diffuse
SAH as needed |

## Selected Validation Efforts

## Comparison of

- Beta4 SYNI and SEAWIFS
- Photo synthetically Active Radiation (PAR)
- products for July 2002

- Wm-2

- Wm-2

## SeaWiFS noon orbit w/diurnal model
SYNI ( captures full diurnal cycle)
Terra CERES/MODIS (10:30)
3-hourly Geostationary

- SeaWiFS noon orbit w/diurnal model
- SYNI ( captures full diurnal cycle)
- Terra CERES/MODIS (10:30)
- 3-hourly Geostationary

**PAR Difference (Wm****-2****)**

- Comparison of SYNI and SeaWiFS PAR

**SYNI *****minus***** SeaWiFS PAR **

## SYNI Diurnal Cycle of PAR off coast of Angola July 2007

## SGP UV Validation 2002

- _Beta3_ SYNI for entire year of 2002
- Validation analysis by Wenying Su

- UVA 400-320nm                                UVB 320-290nm

- We are off by 1⁄2 hour
- Beta3 at **Top** of Hour
- USDA **Bottom** of hour

## Bondville UV Validation

- UVA 400-320nm                                UVB 320-290nm

## SYNI vs FSW Surface and TOA Model Albedo

- SYNI vs FSW Surface and TOA Model Albedo

**Sfc Albedo Difference**

**TOA Albedo Difference**

**Tuned**

## SYNI vs FSW Model OLR 

- SYNI vs FSW Model OLR

- SYNI uses solely GEOS4 Skin Temperatures
- FSW used Clear sky MODIS Skin temperatures

**Difference Wm****-2**

## TOA SW Bias@CERES/MODIS Vs GEO Times

## GEO minus MODISCloud Amount & Cloud Tau

- EXP [ ln(tau_geo) - ln(tau_modis) ]

- TAU Difference

- -0.37/4.12 = **-9%**

##  Model Untuned-Observed
           TOA FLUX
             Beta4 SYNI

-  Model Untuned-Observed
-            TOA FLUX
-              Beta4 SYNI

- January
- 2002

- April
- 2002

- July
- 2002

- Shortwave

- Longwave

**172 grid box hourly**
**subset product *****SYNS***

## WEBSITES

**SYNI  plots of output fields (including movies) from developmental SCF runs**
- _[http://](http://snowdog.larc.nasa.gov/rose/syni/)__[snowdog](http://snowdog.larc.nasa.gov/rose/syni/)__[.](http://snowdog.larc.nasa.gov/rose/syni/)__[larc](http://snowdog.larc.nasa.gov/rose/syni/)__[.](http://snowdog.larc.nasa.gov/rose/syni/)__[nasa](http://snowdog.larc.nasa.gov/rose/syni/)__[.](http://snowdog.larc.nasa.gov/rose/syni/)__[gov](http://snowdog.larc.nasa.gov/rose/syni/)__[/rose/](http://snowdog.larc.nasa.gov/rose/syni/)__[syni](http://snowdog.larc.nasa.gov/rose/syni/)__[/](http://snowdog.larc.nasa.gov/rose/syni/)_
**CERES ARM Validation Experiment(CAVE)**
- _[http://www-cave.](http://www-cave.larc.nasa.gov/cave/)__[larc](http://www-cave.larc.nasa.gov/cave/)__[.](http://www-cave.larc.nasa.gov/cave/)__[nasa](http://www-cave.larc.nasa.gov/cave/)__[.](http://www-cave.larc.nasa.gov/cave/)__[gov](http://www-cave.larc.nasa.gov/cave/)__[/cave/](http://www-cave.larc.nasa.gov/cave/)_

## Pre TSI Clear Sky OBS SW Bug Fix

- Post Bug Fix (11-8-07)

- Last Minute Obs SW Clear Sky problem

## BACKUP SLIDES

## Slide 36

## Aerosol Forcing to Surface Albedo Retrieval Weighting

- Retrieve Twice
- Sa1) Pristine (no aerosol)
- Sa2) Using MATCH (AOT ,
- Use Aerosol Forcing to Surface Albedo
- f(Sa2-Sa1)  = 1.0-(exp(-0.005/abs(Sa2-Sa1)))‏
- Maximum Weight = 1.0 when NO forcing
- Weight = 1/e (~0.36) @ 1% absolute albedo forcing
- Lowest weights when large aerosol forcing likely

- Retrieval
- Weighting
- Factor

- (Sa2-Sa1) Aerosol forcing to Sfc Alb

## Broadband Surface Albedo Mode

- OCEAN
-  COART  *apriori* surface albedo via  look up table
- ( , solar zenith angle, wind speed, chlorophyll)‏
- Clear Land ( at least 10% of gridbox has clear data)
*‘**CERES’* SW TOA with LaRC Fu-Liou  atmosphere correction  LUT
- Clear sky CERES monthly mean diurnally modeled  ( NOT Geo)‏
- Cloudy: Land+SeaIce +  *snow when no grain size retrieved*
- Monthly Surface Albedo _History_ 10' grid based on clear sky albedo retrieval from Ed2 SSF
**Perturbed** according to Daily microwave SeaIce *or Snow(<90%)*
- Diurnal model to diffuse angle
- Snow ( > 90% gridbox coverage)
- Clear sky via CERES only snow grain size retrieval
- Cloudy sky albedo uses grain size in snow spectral albedo LUT
- Non-CERES times use last retrieved grain size in snow spectral albedo LUT