# Presentation: 125588

## JAXA Update 

- Masaki Fujimoto
- ISAS, jAXA
- ILWS Prague08

## Contents

- Magnetospheric
- - Ongoing: Geotail, Kaguya
- - Future: BepiColombo MMO, ERG, SCOPE/Cross-Scale, EJSM JMO
- Solar
- - Ongoing: Hinode
- - Future : Solar-C

## 08                10                                     15                                        20          year

**GT(L92)**
**Kaguya(L07)**
**                                           *****ERG***
**                                                ****MMO(Launch)------------------------------MMO(Arrival)**
**                                                                         *****SCOPE/Cross-Scale***
***                                                                                                                  ******EJSM-JMO***

**Hinode(L06)**
**                                                                                    *****Solar-C***

## Magnetospheric, on-going:GT

## Geotail

- Now contributing unique measurements to  the  Heliophysics Great Observatory

- Launched in 1992 as a US-Japanese joint mission

- Instruments (E and B Fields, Waves and Particles):
- All in good condition after 16 years in space

**Notes:**
Nasa collects data, does initial processing and distribution to experimenter. An extra sc for the Great Heliophysical observatory for minimal cost.

## Geotail covers virtually every region in geospace

**Geotail covers virtually every region in geospace**
**In its  unique 9 X 30 Re equatorial orbit**

- Covers all regions of the outer magnetosphere
- Multipoint measurements – _particularly with THEMIS_
- Near Earth Upstream Monitor

**Notes:**
Different boundaries at different distances. 35% of time upstream

## An excellent spatio-temporal picture is provided by the Geotail/THEMIS coverage in the near-mid tail region

- Near-tail and mid-tail dynamics are highly coupled
- Observations by THEMIS’s inner-three probes are more valuable when simultaneous mid-tail observations are available
- If THEMIS’s outer-two probes transfer to lunar orbit, Geotail will be the only spacecraft to observe the mid-tail dynamics.

## Japanese Extension Review&NASA Senior Review

- Thanks to the international community’s supports, Geotail operation extension                                      (through 2012  (ISAS/JAXA) and 2010 (NASA))            was approved!
- International research leaders submitted 40 letters  supporting Geotail and all mentioned Geotail-THEMIS conjunction.
- Geotail-THEMIS conjunction was one of the issues that were scored highly by both review committes.

## Japanese Geotail-ersSerious about the Heliosphysics Great Observatory concept

- Conjunction  Event          Finder
- http://darts.isas.jaxa.jp/stp/cef/cef.cgi
- Web tool for any researcher to make instant access to research quality plots from various s/c
- Developed and maintained at ISAS

## The JP community will stay alive and kicking during the multi-spacecraft observation era led by THEMIS, for which we have been dreaming a long time. 

## Magnetospheric, on-going:KaguyaKaguya, formerly known as SELENE, a Japanese mission      to the Moon

## Slide 12

## KAGUYA MAP-PACE

_**Science Objectives**_
**Observtaion of ****ions originating from lunar atmosphere / lunar surface**
**Observation of ****magnetic anomaly ****with electron reflectometer**

**ESA-S1 **
** ****electron energy spectra**
** ****FOV ****:****hemisphere ****(from the Moon)**
** ****energy ****:****5eV-10keV**

**ESA-S2 **
** ****electron energy spectra**
** ****FOV ****:****hemisphere ****(to the Moon)**
** ****energy ****:****5eV-15keV**

**IEA-S**** **
** ****ion energy spectra**
** ****FOV ****:****hemisphere ****(to the Moon)**
** ****energy ****:****5eV/q-28keV/q**

**IMA-S**
**   ****ion energy mass spectra**
** ****FOV ****:****hemisphere ****(from the Moon)**
** ****energy ****:****5eV/q-28keV/q**
**   ****mass :1-60**
**   ****mass resolution : 15 (max.)**

## Ions of Lunar-origin detected for the first time 

- MAP-PACE-IMA detected alkali ions

- Time Of Flight (nsec)

- Time Of Flight (nsec)

- count

- count

**Ions of Lunar-origin detected for the first time **

## IEA observed solar wind

**ESA-S2**

**ESA-S1**

**  ****IEA**

**  ****IMA**

**LMAG**

## The solid surface-plasma interaction is indeed very interesting, much more than we had thought. A very encouraging finding for BepiColombo MMO to Mercury.  

## Magnetospheric, future:ERGA PI-led small spacecraft missionto the inner-magnetosphere

## ERG ---Energization and Radiation in Geospace

- and dynamic variation of Geospace causes various “space weather” phenomena.

*ERG **---**Energization and Radiation in Geospace*

***A mission to elucidate acceleration and loss mechanisms of ***
***relativistic particles in the inner magnetosphere during space storms. ***

- ERG mission will achieve comprehensive plasma observations with magnetic & electric field, wave, and particle detectors covering a wide energy coverage (1-107 eV) to capture acceleration, transport, and loss of particles in Geospace around the next solar maximum.

## Mission Outline

-      FY 2012 (around next solar maximum)
- Orbit:
-      Apogee: 5.5-6.0 Re / Perigee: ~300 km
-       Low Inclination (TBD)
- Science Instruments:
-      electron detectors (1-107 eV)
-       ion detectors with mass discrimination (1-106 eV)
-         Target : radiation belts, ring current, plasma sheet, plasmasphere
-      DC/AC magnetic & electric fields
-         Target: convective electric field, ULF pulsation, EMIC, whistler

_**Mission Outline**_

## International Collaboration within ILWS 

- The next solar maximum is invaluable period for the Geospace science
- by international multi-satellites.
- International collaborations at various levels (science team collaborations and/or exchange, data product collaboration, orbit planning, etc.) between ERG (ISAS),  RBSP (NASA) and ORBITALS (CSA) are essential for understanding particle accelerations and losses that depend on radial distance and local time.

_**International Collaboration within ILWS **_

**RBSP**

**ORBITALS**

**ERG**** **

**From RBSP homepage **

## ERG will be proposed to the small-spacecraft program this year (due date: Sep 30).  
 The stringent cost-cap allocated for a mission in the line of the small spacecraft program          will oblige PI (Prof. T Ono, Tohoku U)                  to come up with                                                                      descope plan    and/or                               international collaboration scheme.   

-  The stringent cost-cap allocated for a mission in the line of the small spacecraft program          will oblige PI (Prof. T Ono, Tohoku U)                  to come up with                                                                      descope plan    and/or                               international collaboration scheme.

## Magnetospheric, future:SCOPE/Cross-ScaleSimultaneous multi-scale measurements of plasma dynamics in the natural laboratory of           the Earth’s magnetosphereThe Plasma Universe theme

## Large portion of the Universe filled by plasma gas
Growing interest in plasma (magnetic) effects in broader space science community
Attraction in explosive phenomena that develop in space plasmas 
Curious behavior that cannot be predicted by the everyday common-sense

**Growing interest in plasma (magnetic) effects in broader space science community**
**Attraction in explosive phenomena that develop in space plasmas **
**Curious behavior that cannot be predicted by the everyday common-sense**

**The Plasma Universe**

**The most fundamental feature of space plasmas: **
**High degrees of freedom, which originates in**
**dynamical coupling among instabilities **
**that develop at various scales:**
**                          ****Cross-Scale Coupling**** **

## Towards fundamental understanding of the Plasma Universe

- Need to unveil how cross-scale coupling operates in space plasmas
- Detailed information from dedicated in-situ measurements will contribute significantly

## The new direction in earth/planetary magnetospheric missions

*In-situ* measurements up to the particle data level can offer what are needed for the fundamental understanding of space plasma physics – unveiling the cross-scale coupling in space plasmas.
**Only magnetospheric missions can provide such detailed information, **which is crucial for the Plasma Universe research.
- The new perspective to look at **the magnetospheres as the laboratories of space plasma dynamics** and to revitalize the value of magnetospheric observations is being widely accepted.

## Cross Scale Coupling

**MHD-scale dynamics**

**Key process in key region**

**In most cases, ion/electron scale physics**

**Boundary condition**

**Addition of curious effects**

**Large-scale Dynamic phenomenon develops        only when the system works   **_**as a whole**_** **

## Multi-scale measurements is visualization

- Good visualization
-    - Large field-of-view
-    - High resolution image

**Coverage over the MHD-scale dynamics**
**Resolving electron-scale dynamics **

## SCOPE

**Daughter(far)****:****5km ****〜 ****5000km**

**Daughter(far)**

**Daughter(far)**

**Mother**

**Daughter(near)****:****5km ****〜 ****100****km**

**Daughter(far)**

**SCOPE**

## ESA M-Cube

**ESA M-Cube**
**Tetrahedra at 3-scales,**
**with each s/c being**
**rather simple**

**JAXA SCOPE**
**A big mothership**
**(P/L ~90kg)**

## Cross Scale

**Combing the two ideas in the**** ideal ****way gives birth to**
**Cross Scale**

## The whole picture of SCOPE/Cross-Scale:Full-scale coverage via international collaboration          with clear interfaces

- ESA’s component

- China’s component

- Russia’s component

**To be launched by JAXA’s H2-A**
**SCOPE mother and near-daughter           (JP)**
**                                 ****Far-daughters         (CAN)**
**Dual launch partner  THEMIS-like s/c  (NASA)**

## SCOPE will be proposed at ISAS this September.
Solid ideas on the collaboration scheme (especially CAN and US) will help SCOPE to be successful at the review.
SCOPE’s moving to the next stage should help others to move on.
This is nothing but win-win relationship!

- Solid ideas on the collaboration scheme (especially CAN and US) will help SCOPE to be successful at the review.
- SCOPE’s moving to the next stage should help others to move on.
- This is nothing but win-win relationship!

## Magnetospheric, future:BepiColombo MMOEJSM JMOBepiColombo MMO: To Mercury, together with MPO, two-point measurements in                                  the mysterious “kinetic” magnetosphereEJSM JMO:To Jupiter, together with EO and JGO,three-point meassurements inthe most astro-like magnetophere                          of the solar system

## Future Space Plasma Missions at JAXA ~2020’s

**Planetary Magnetospheres**

**The Plasma Universe**

**Geospace Exploration**

**BepiColmbo L2014**
**ESA/JAXA mission to Mercury **

**ESA/JAXA mission**
**to Jupiter in 2020’s**
**(with ESA and NASA)**

**SCOPE/CrossScale ESA/JAXA**
**Multiscale at the same time**
**in Earth magnetosphere ~2017**

**ERG**
**A small explorer into**
**the inner-magnetosphere and relativistic particle acceleration processes**
**~2011**

## Three steps towards the new horizon

- SCOPE/CrossScale: Setting the new backbone of space plasma physics
- BepiColombo MMO: Exploration into the mysterious micro-cosmos
- Mission to Jupiter: Anatomy of the huge particle accelerator
- These three steps via international collaboration will transform space plasma physics into a new shape.
*It’s not just about the magnetosphere anymore. *

## Solar, ongoing:Hinode

## Solar Physics Satellite Hinode

**EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS)**

**Solar Optical Telescope (SOT)**

**X-Ray Telescope**** (XRT)**

- 0.2 arcsec observations of magnetic and velocity fields at the solar surface

- High resolution imaging of
- the 1-10 MK corona

- Diagnostics of the coronal thermal properties and dynamics by EUV spectroscopy

- Extensive internaltional collaboration
- with U.S., U.K., and with ESA

- with LM and NASA

- with SAO and NASA

- with MSSL, RAL,
- NRL, PPARC, and NASA

**with NASA****(technical advice/support,**
** ****tracking support)**

**– ****The third Japanese solar physics satellite, following Hinotori and Yohkoh.**
**–  ****Investigate photospheric magnetic activities and their corresponding coronal bahavior. ****    via simultaneous observations of the photosphere and the corona. **
**–  ****Launched on 22 September 2006 UT, with M-V-7 vehicle. Started observation from late ****    October in that year, and continuing observation of the Sun since then.**

## Hinode (Solar-B)

- Dynamical upward flows of the gas on the solar limb (SOT)

- Solar granules: Hinode (left) has great advantage to stable high spatial observations, compared with best seeing site on the ground (right)

- Fine structures of sunspot (SOT)

- X-ray coronal image of the full Sun (XRT)

- X-ray jets at the polar region

- X-ray morphology of a major flare
- (left)pre-flare corona
- (right)flare explosion

**Solar Optical Telescope****(****SOT****)**

**X-Ray Telescope****(****XRT****)**

**EUV Imaging **
**   ****Spectrometer**
**       ****(****EIS****)**

**Hinode (Solar-B)**

- Launched on September 23, 2006 JST. *Hinode* observes the Sun with high spatial resolution in optical, EUV, and X-ray wavelengths.

## Initial results from Hinode

**Initial results have been published as ****special issues in refereed journals**
**“****Publications of Astronomical Society of Japan”**
- 43 papers published in 30 November issue
**“****Science”  **
- 9 papers published in 7 December issue
**European “Astronomy and Astrophysics”**
- 19 papers   published in 1 April issue
**“****Solar Physics” (journal for solar and **
**      ****solar-terrestrial research)**
- Total 9 papers for describing instruments
- Volume 1, published on June 2007
- Volume 2, coming soon
**Others**
- 16+ papers in US **“Astrophysical Journal”**

- Total 91 Papers in FY2007

## X-band has failed but back-up by S-band, with the help from international communities, is saving the science of Hinode.  

## Solar, future:Solar-C

## Japanese Space Solar Physics towards Solar-C

**Yohkoh/SOLAR-A****(****1991–2001****)**

**Hinode/SOLAR-B****(****2006–****)**

**Japanese Space Solar Physics towards Solar-C**

- Next Solar MissionSOLAR-C
- Mid. 2010s

## Two SOLAR-C Mission Concepts Under Study

_*Plan A*_*Out-of-ecliptic magnetic/X-ray and helioseismic observations* of  the polar and the equatorial regions to investigate properties of the polar region, meridional flow and magnetic structure inside the Sun down to the bottom of the convection zone.
_*Plan B*_High spatial resolution,* high throughput, high cadence* spectroscopic (polarimetric) and X-ray observations *seamlessly from photosphere to corona* to investigate magnetism of the Sun and its role in heating and dynamism of solar atmosphere.
*Launch Date*: Japanese fiscal year *2016**** ****(provisional)*
- Expects joint observations with highly complementary missions
*NASA SDO* (whole sun field of view)
*ESA&NASA  Solar Orbiter *(In-situ and stereo obs with SOLAR-C)

## Development of SOLAR-C Concept 

- JAXA SOLAR-C WG refines both plans, compare science, technology, and other constraints, and prioritize the two plans with international partners.* *International SOLAR-C science definition meeting planned **   at ISAS/JAXA in the week of 10 Nov. this year.*
- Japanese solar physics community recognize that success of Hinode and Yohkoh is due to strong international support.
- Solar physics community and related-disciplines in Japan strongly desire and endorse one of the SOLAR-C mission concept to be realized in mid-2010s.
- JAXA SOLAR-C working group invites US and European participation to the SOLAR-C program, following our remarkable history of collaboration.

## Need your input!

## Recap

- Magnetospheric
- - Ongoing: Geotail, Kaguya
- - Future: BepiColombo MMO, ERG, SCOPE/Cross-Scale, EJSM JMO
- Solar
- - Ongoing: Hinode
- - Future : Solar-C

## 08                10                                     15                                        20

**GT(L92)**
**Kaguya(L07)**
**                                           *****ERG***
**                                                ****MMO(Launch)------------------------------MMO(Arrival)**
**                                                                         *****SCOPE/Cross-Scale***
***                                                                                                                  ******EJSM-JMO***

**Hinode(L06)**
**                                                                                    *****Solar-C***

## It is obvious that we rely on international collaborations in these future programs.