# Presentation: 008153

## Accelerator Physics and CommissioningMike Syphers

***Introduction***
***Accelerator Physics Efforts***
***Commissioning Efforts***
***Summary/Conclusions***

- _Accelerator Physics and Commissioning_Mike Syphers

## AP & C Activities

- Accelerator Physics
- Topics affecting upgrade path for LHC ...
- Electron Cloud (*via* M. Furman, LBNL)
- Interaction Regions & Beam-Beam (*via* T. Sen, FNAL)
- Commissioning
- In addition to other deliverables (*e.g.*, instrumentation) ...
- Interaction Region Commissioning (*via* M. Lamm, FNAL)
- Beam Commissioning (*via* E. Harms, FNAL)

## The Electron-Cloud Effect in LHC

- Beam synchrotron radiation is important
- provides source of photo-electrons
- Secondary emission yield (SEY) (E) is important
- characterized by peak value max
- determines overall e– density
- e– reflectivity (0) is important
- determines survival time of e–
- Bunch intensity *N* and beam fill pattern are important
- Main concern: power deposition by electrons

*M. Furman*

##  e-Cloud Recent Developments

-  e-Cloud Recent Developments

- RHIC (*)
- CERN e– detectors for IP12
- to be shipped and installed starting July 2005
- testing and calibration during 2006 run
- two dipole magnets, B0.2 T (one detector/dipole)
- change in design: RT, not cold region
- Proposal of ion detector (ionization profile monitor)
- ionization of residual gas? possible e– trapping?
- e-cloud maps: paper published PRST-AB (Iriso-Peggs)
- Active search for student or post-doc to replace Ubaldo Iriso
- CERN
- New analysis of SPS data (D. Schulte & F. Zimmermann):
- peak SEY max~1.4 and e– reflectivity R~0.5 are good solution to fits
- Cryo pumping available for e-cloud power deposition re-estimated: ~0.2  ~2 W/m  (!)
- Bug in ECLOUD code found and fixed: need max<1.3 at LHC arcs to not exceed 2 W/m
- Earlier large ion density observations at SPS: gone (detector artifact)
- (*) RHIC e-cloud activities not all funded by the LARP program

## e-Cloud Recent Developments (contd.)

- LBNL
- Simulations for SPS runs (summer ’04) continue (M. Furman, M. Pivi)
- e-cloud effect much less for 75 ns bunch spacing than 25 ns
- other detailed comparisons against CERN simulations (code ECLOUD) starting
- a first 3D, self-consistent, e-cloud simulation of LHC FODO cell: new code(*)
- Participation at HHH2004 (M. Furman, Nov. 2004)
- discussions on e-cloud codes
- some SPS measurements clarified, more plans for LBNL simulations
- Trip to CERN March 21-25, 2005 (M. Furman and Ji Qiang)
- discussions on e-cloud and str-str-BB
- feedback from CERN people on our plans
- status of CERN work
- Summer student has been made an offer
- to start in early June 2005 for 10 weeks
- total student cost: $5k
- possible tasks (TBC): a) simulate LHC power deposition; b) SPS z dependence;
- 		c) simulate RHIC e-cloud detectors

- (*) So far funded (at ~90% level) by LDRD

## Application of a New 3D e-Cloud Code to LHC M. Furman, J.-L. Vay: (WARP+POSINST) 

**(particles colored according to radius)**

**beam (scaled 10x)**

**electrons**

**1 LHC FODO cell**

**F B   B   B D  B    B   B**

**T=2**μ**s**

- •  AMR provides speedup of x20,000 on field solve

- Movie...

**(*****Jean-Luc Vay*****)**

## e-Cloud Goals

- Complete the analysis of June 2004 SPS run (*) (LBNL, FY05)
- especially e– energy spectrum
- goal: constrain SEY model for better predictions for LHC
- Additional SPS studies: z dependence (LBNL, FY05-06)
- “confusing” lack of correlation between simulations and observations
- LHC heat-load estimate: POSINST-ECLOUD benchmarking (*) (LBNL, FY05-06)
- Report first cut at defining optimal LHC conditioning scenario (LBNL, FY06-07) (*)
- define optimal fill pattern during first two years of LHC beam ops.
- Further 3D simulations for LHC arcs (LBNL, FY06-07) (*)
- bunch trains, beam instability
- Report on applicability of Iriso-Peggs maps to LHC (BNL, FY06-07) (*)
- understand physics of map simulation technique
- understand global e-cloud parameter space, phase transitions
- Report on e-cloud simulations for RHIC detectors (BNL, FY06-07) (**)
- calibrate code, then predict BBB tune shift
- Report on e-cloud simulations for LHC IR4 “pilot diagnostic bench” (LBNL, FY07+)
- have some idea what to expect when high-N beam turns on
- (*) strongly endorsed by CERN AP group (communicated by F. Ruggiero and H. Schmickler)
- (**) strongly endorsed by CERN vacuum group (communicated by J. M. Jiménez)

## Budget Discussion -- Electron Cloud

- All above tasks, if funded, would be: 2.4 FTE for FY06, 2.4 FTE for FY07 (LBNL & BNL combined)
- Allocated for FY06:  1.0 FTE;  includes:
- 0.25 FTE (BNL) -- LHC-style detector sims.; 0.75 FTE (LBNL)
- 0.75 FTE (LBNL) -- benchmarking, Iriso-Peggs maps, conditioning scenario
- If more funding were available, would add following tasks to original scope:
- Validate new 3D code via dedicated simulations/experiments at the LBNL HCX facility (1 FTE FY06, 1 FTE FY07)
- Understand long survival times of e– at SPS (0.75 FTE+$25k for each FY06 and 07)
- evaluate ion trapping mechanism via expts. and simulation
- Measure gas desorption from stray beam particles (1 FTE+$20k FY06)
- helps quantify ion cloud density
- Extend above to NEG coatings (0.5 FTE+$10k FY06)
- Extend above to cold surfaces (1.25 FTE+$250k FY06)
- Emulate BIM via RF-driven electrodes on HCX beam (0.5 FTE+$20k FY06)

## Interaction Region and Beam-beam 

***Interaction Region Optics for the Upgrade***
***Energy Deposition in Interaction Regions***
***Beam-beam simulations***

- _Interaction Region and Beam-beam_

*T. Sen*

## IR Designs for the Upgrade with Triplets

**Quadrupoles first**

**Dipoles first**

##   Optics Features with Quads or Dipoles First

| 
 |    Quads first
      βmax [m] |   Dipoles first
    βmax [m] |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  Q1
 Q2
 Q3
 Q4
 Q5
 Q6
 Q7
 Q8
 Q9
 Q10
 QT11
 QT12
 QT13 |       4538
      9193
      9427
      3323
      1559
        984
        285
        261
        270
        153
        181
        183
        173 |     15100
     23036
     22720
     12517
      8859
      2791
        748
      2857
        693 
        162
        185
        183
        172 |

-           **Quads first features**
- Focusing starts early, lowers beta function in magnets, simplest upgrade path
- But,
- Beams go off-axis in the quadrupoles =>       feed-down effects, correction algorithm acts on both beams, 15 long-range interactions on either side of IP
-         **Dipoles first features**
- Reduces long-range interactions 3 fold, independent nonlinear correction for each beam
- But,
- Larger βmax for the same β* - about 2.5 times larger, higher energy deposition in D1 from charged particles, matching section quads Q4-Q8 will have to be large aperture magnets

- β Maximum in Quads

## Dipoles First and Doublet Focusing

**Features**
-  Requires beams to be in
-   separate focusing channels
-  Fewer magnets
-  Lowers IR chromaticity
-  Beams are not round at the IP
-  Polarity of Q1 determined by
-   crossing plane – larger beam
-   size in the crossing plane to
-   increase overlap
-  Significant changes to magnets
-    in matching section.

- Focusing symmetric about IP

## Energy Deposition in Open Mid-Plane Dipole

***Strong ties to Magnet program...***
**Optimized Dipole with TAS2**
- IP end of dipole is well protected. Magnetized TAS1 is not feasible – estimated field of 20 T-m
- Instead, split D1 into 2 dipoles D1A, D1B, Spray from D1A is absorbed by additional absorber TAS2.
- Results
- Peak power density in SC coils is below the quench limit  with a safety margin
- Heat load to D1 is drastically reduced
- Other radiation issues are mitigated, e.g. estimated lifetimes  higher

## Strong-Strong Beam-Beam Simulations

- Strong-strong simulations done with PIC style code Beambeam3D (LBNL)
- Emphasis on emittance growth due to head-on interactions under different situations
- Beam offset at IP
- Mismatched emittances and intensities
- Numerical noise is an issue – growth rate depends on number of macro-particles, *M*. Continuing studies to extract asymptotic (in *M*) growth rates.
- Continuing additions to code: crossing angles, long-range interactions

- Nominal case

- Beams offset by 0.15 sigma

- Emittance growth 50% larger

## IR and Beam-Beam Accomplishments in FY05

**IR Optics design**
- Matched optics for both the quadrupole first and dipole first designs were developed for β* ~0.25m. Maximum quadrupole gradients of 200 T/m suffice for both designs but larger aperture quadrupoles will be required in the matching section for the dipole first design. The possibility of doublet focusing with the dipole first design was also examined for the first time.
**Energy Deposition with open mid-plane dipoles**
- The simulations show that the original 10m long dipole should be split into two shorter dipoles, 1.5m and 8.5m long respectively, with an absorber placed between them. These and other modifications lower the peak power density in the superconducting coils to below the quench limit with a safety margin, drastically reduce the heat load to the dipoles and mitigate other radiation issues.
**Beam-beam simulations**
- A strong-strong code was used to study emittance growth with the head-on interactions. Situations such as beam offsets, emittance and intensity mismatches that are likely to lead to emittance growth were studied.
**Papers**
- “Overview of possible LHC IR layouts”, Proceedings of CARE-HHH  conference, CERN November 2004.
- “Beam-beam simulations of hadron colliders”, Proceedings of CARE-HHH  conference, CERN November 2004.
- Wire compensation experiments at the SPS in 2004, PAC05

## Expected Accomplishments in FY05-06

**IR Optics Designs**
- Design concepts for the IR upgrade will be explored in greater detail. Matched designs that can be used from injection to collision will be developed. These designs will be developed in collaboration with magnet designers at BNL, FNAL and LBL.
**Energy deposition**
- Further development of the MARS code, including upgrade of the geometry, visualization, heavy ion and electromagnetic shower modules.  Energy deposition calculations will continue for IR1 and IR5 regions at normal operation and accident conditions
**Beam-beam simulations**
- Continuing development of the Beambeam 3D code. Application to halo formation, luminosity monitor (swept beams).
**IR and Beam-beam Workshop**
- A workshop focused on IR design concepts, beam-beam compensation and the feasibility of crab cavities will be held near FNAL, October 5-6, 2005

## IR and Beam-Beam Tasks -- FY06-07

**IR Optics designs**
- Quad first – lowest feasible * consistent with gradients and apertures, field quality
- Dipoles first – Triplet: *, apertures, gradients, field quality
- Dipoles first – Doublet focusing: explore feasibility
**Beam-beam simulations**
- Strong-strong beam-beam simulations: emittance growth with swept beams (luminosity monitor), wire compensation,  and halo formation (Beambeam3D)
**Energy Deposition**
- For different IR designs (quadrupole and dipole first), tertiary collimators, and the forward detector regions (CMS, TOTEM, FP420 and ZDC).

##   Level of Effort in FY06-07: IR & bb

|  | BNL
FTEs | FNAL
FTEs | LBL
FTEs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| IR design
Beam-beam simulations
Energy deposition | -
-

- | 1*
-

1* | -
1*

- |

- *  -  requires new post-doc hire

## Wire Compensation Proposal 

***Possible new LARP task...***
***Motivation for compensation***
***Results of SPS experiments***
***Beam-beam experiment at RHIC***
***Proposal***

_***Wire Compensation Proposal***_*** ***

*T. Sen*

## Motivation for Compensation

- Long range interactions in the LHC

- 30 long-range collisions per IP

**Long-range interactions enhance diffusion. Tevatron experience**

## SPS Wire Experiments 2004

**One beam, two wire compensators BBLR1 and BBLR2. BBLR2 installed in 2004**
- Studies in July, August, September, November 2004
*FNAL LARP participated in July and November studies*
- Tested: relative alignment, current tolerance, tune sensitivity and different crossing planes.
- _Prediction_ of relative alignment tolerance of the 2 wires with BBSIM (FNAL weak-strong code)
- Main observation:  Compensation of one wire by another worked well in LHC conditions
- Simulations: in general good agreement with observations

*PAC05 paper: MOPC009*

- F. Zimmermann (CERN)

## RHIC Beam-Beam Experiment

- _Phase 1 study_ – April 28, 2005
*FNAL LARP participation* (remotely from FNAL)
*Goal*: Study lifetime. and losses as beam-beam separation is varied
***Observations:***
- Onset of significant losses for separations below 7σ
- Phenomena is tune dependent

- Tunes of blue and yellow beam symmetric about diagonal
- Losses in both beams increase with decrease in separation; impact even at ~7 sigma

- W. Fischer (BNL)

## Wire Compensation Proposal

**RHIC **provides unique environment to study experimentally long-range beam-beam akin to LHC operation
**Proposal:**
-  Install wire compensator in RHIC in summer 2006, downstream of Q3 in IR6
-  Budget Requested for FY06: $230K   (*Note:* *$180K more likely*)
- _Statement of work for FY06:_
- Design and construct a wire compensator (either at BNL or FNAL)
- Install wire compensator on a movable stand in one of the RHIC rings
- Theoretical studies (analysis and simulations) to test the compensation and robustness
- Beam studies in RHIC with 1 proton bunch in each beam and nominal conditions at flat top and 1 parasitic interaction. Observations of lifetimes, losses, emittances, tunes, orbits for each beam-beam separation.
- Beam studies to test tolerances on: beam-wire separation compared to beam-beam separation, wire current accuracy, current ripple

- Possible location of wire

- Parasitic interaction

- Phase advance from parasitic to wire = 6o

- RHIC IR

## Wire Compensation Proposal -- Task Sheet

**LARP **Task Sheet has been generated, and agreed upon by FNAL and  BNL
- 			T. Sen, FNAL
- 			W. Fischer, BNL
- and is awaiting approval by LARP management...

## Interaction Region Commissioning 

- Above Ground Mechanical Fitup
- Installation Oversight and
- Hardware Commissioning of US Deliverables

- _Interaction Region Commissioning _

*M. Lamm*

## Successful Above Ground Fitup of US Deliverables

- Inner Triplet (FNAL)

- DFBX (LBNL)

- D1 (BNL)

- Participants:  Joseph Rasson (LBNL), Rodger Bossert, Joe Dimarco, Phil Pfund, Tom Page, Tom Nicol, Jim Rife, Michael Lamm (FNAL)

- Completed Tasks:
- Assemble all pieces for complete IR
- Mechanical fitup of interconnects
- Pipes adjustments to install length, dry fit
- Vacuum tests
- Shields, interconnect kits
- Magnets on alignment jacks
- Electrical continuity

- LHC Assembly Building March-April 2005

## Time Frame:  First sector Fall 2005,  throughout FY2006, 07?
Check mechanical/vacuum/cryo connections
Check installation procedures
Review electrical and alignment data
Installation bugs worked out in Mechanical Fitup 
Level of Effort  FY06-07
~1/3 FTE on First sector
Less on subsequent sectors (but non zero based on fitup)
Main TD Participants
Mechanical Engineers (Rasson, Page, Nicol, Bossert, Plate....)
Main CERN Contacts
Ranko Ostojic AT-MEL and Interconnect team in  AT-CRI

- Check mechanical/vacuum/cryo connections
- Check installation procedures
- Review electrical and alignment data
- Installation bugs worked out in Mechanical Fitup
- Level of Effort  FY06-07
- ~1/3 FTE on First sector
- Less on subsequent sectors (but non zero based on fitup)
- Main TD Participants
- Mechanical Engineers (Rasson, Page, Nicol, Bossert, Plate....)
- Main CERN Contacts
- Ranko Ostojic AT-MEL and Interconnect team in  AT-CRI

- (2) Installation

## 
Start Fall 2005 (US Deliverables first in LHC to be commissioned!)
Participation at first through short visits and possibly through remote monitoring
Full Commissioning Task Starts Spring 2006
We are lining up people to live at CERN in CY 2006
Cryogenic Expert
Experienced in Superfluid testing of US Magnets
Magnet Physicist Magnet powering, quench protection
Expected Hardware Commissioning completion in Summer 2007
Small carryover into beam commissioning to study dynamic heat loads on magnets and cryosystem

- Start Fall 2005 (US Deliverables first in LHC to be commissioned!)
- Participation at first through short visits and possibly through remote monitoring
- Full Commissioning Task Starts Spring 2006
- We are lining up people to live at CERN in CY 2006
- Cryogenic Expert
- Experienced in Superfluid testing of US Magnets
- Magnet Physicist Magnet powering, quench protection
- Expected Hardware Commissioning completion in Summer 2007
- Small carryover into beam commissioning to study dynamic heat loads on magnets and cryosystem

- (3) Commissioning

## Effort is 2-3 FTE’s /Year
Cost is Labor + Salary and Living Expenses

- Cost is Labor + Salary and Living Expenses

- Budget Request for FY06-7

- FY06 numbers are lower by ~$150K from original estimates;
- Assumes some costs deferred to FY07

## 
IR HC is an important way for the US to contribute to the LHC project
Inner triplet HC contribution is established
Recent new requests in global commissioning could greatly expand our role
Our participation in Inner Triplet Region is limited by funding and ongoing US commitments
We could do more.  
Taking responsibilities in Inner Triplet Region (an area in which the US has a large and unique expertise) could help in the other HC (free up CERN personnel, LARP IR personnel can take on global jobs) if pursued.
Major uncertainties are being addressed:
Uncertainty in CERN schedule (real schedule now available)
Lining up the appropriate people at the right time (so far so good)

- IR HC is an important way for the US to contribute to the LHC project
- Inner triplet HC contribution is established
- Recent new requests in global commissioning could greatly expand our role
- Our participation in Inner Triplet Region is limited by funding and ongoing US commitments
- We could do more.
- Taking responsibilities in Inner Triplet Region (an area in which the US has a large and unique expertise) could help in the other HC (free up CERN personnel, LARP IR personnel can take on global jobs) if pursued.
- Major uncertainties are being addressed:
- Uncertainty in CERN schedule (real schedule now available)
- Lining up the appropriate people at the right time (so far so good)

- Conclusions -- IR Commissioning

## Beam Commissioning

***Introduction***
***Recent Accomplishments***
***Expected Accomplishments for FY05***
***Vision for Tasks and Budget for FY06-07***
***Summary/conclusion***

- _Beam Commissioning_

*E. Harms*

## Introduction

- The structure and tasks of such a presence has evolved. It is currently envisioned that US LARP participation will be as part of Commissioning teams consisting of both CERN and US scientists and engineers. The teams will focus on specific tasks as part of the entire commissioning process.
- The list of tasks/teams in currently under development at CERN.  Once the prioritized list is received it will be reviewed and potential US candidates will be plugged in where vacancies and abilities lie.

## LARP involvement – CERN perspective

- In the present US-LARP proposal, resources are allocated for “Beam Commissioning” activities from 2004 onward, rising to more significant numbers by 2007.
- US-LARP commitment has to include long-term individual commitments of around 12 months
- US staff should go to CERN to perform a specific role in the beam commissioning work. It has also been clearly said that CERN has to maintain sufficient expertise, particularly on shift, to ensure long-term exploitation of the machine
- With this in mind, it is felt that a very limited number of US-LARP resources could participate in the shift *rota*.  Rather, they would be best suited to the accelerator physics and equipment group support activities

## Accelerator Systems and Responsibilities 1

|  | System |  | Equipment Group | Beam Physics or Operational aspects |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Systems needed pre beam | Control system |  |  |  |
|  | Applications software |  |  |  |
|  | Accelerator technical services | TI operations |  |  |
|  |  | Electrical supply |  |  |
|  |  | Cooling & Ventilation |  |  |
|  | Vacuum |  |  |  |
|  | Cryogenics |  |  |  |
|  | Access |  |  |  |
|  | Cold magnets |  |  |  |
|  | Warm magnets |  |  |  |
|  | Magnet circuits and power converters |  |  |  |
|  | Power Interlock System (PIC) |  |  |  |
|  | Quench Protection and Energy Extraction (QPS) |  |  |  |

**This is the meat of **
**       ****Hardware**
**   ****Commissioning**

**No or very few names here**

**We know who these are**

*from Roger Bailey*

- Points to address for each system
- What is the specification with beam
- What measurements are needed
- What tools are needed
- What beam is needed
- How much time is needed

## Accelerator Systems and Responsibilities 2

|  | System |  | Equipment Group | Beam Physics or Operational aspects |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Systems needed for beam | SPS extraction, transfer, injection and first turn  |  |  |  |
|  | Multi turn losses and BIS dependability |  |  |  |
|  | Protection devices other than collimators |  |  |  |
|  | Collimation system and Halo cleaning |  |  |  |
|  | Clean Beam Extraction |  |  |  |
|  | Radio protection |  |  |  |
|  | Beam Instrumentation | Screens |  |  |
|  |  | BCTs |  |  |
|  |  | BPM, trajectory & orbit correction |  |  |
|  |  | BLM |  |  |
|  |  | PLL for Q, Q’, coupling |  |  |
|  |  | Profile monitors |  |  |
|  |  | Schottky |  |  |
|  |  | Luminosity monitors |  |  |
|  | Vacuum conditions during operation and electron cloud |  |  |  |
|  | Reference magnet system |  |  |  |
|  | RF systems and longitudinal beam dynamics |  |  |  |
|  | Transverse feedback |  |  |  |
|  | Experimental solenoids and compensations |  |  |  |
|  | Experimental equipment (Roman pots, velo) |  |  |  |

**We know who these are**

**CERN AP interest known here**

*from Roger Bailey*

## Accelerator Systems and Responsibilities 3

|  | System | Equipment Group | Beam Physics or Operational aspects |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Beam based systems | Beam in the injectors |  |  |
|  | Ion beam in the injectors |  |  |
|  | Orbit feedback system |  |  |
|  | Filling efficiency and flat bottom conditions |  |  |
|  | Ramp and squeeze losses and overall quality |  |  |
|  | Machine protection system |  |  |
|  | Optics |  |  |
|  | Mechanical aperture |  |  |
|  | Machine Impedance and collective instabilities |  |  |
|  | Dynamic aperture |  |  |
|  | Lattice corrector settings |  |  |
|  | Triplet corrector settings |  |  |
|  | Lifetimes |  |  |
|  | Separation schemes |  |  |
|  | Crossing angle schemes |  |  |
|  | Collisions and luminosity steering |  |  |
|  | Experimental conditions |  |  |
|  | Ions |  |  |

**CERN AP interest known here**

**No or very few names here**

*from Roger Bailey*

## Accelerator Systems Support

- All accelerator systems have to be commissioned and will subsequently require expert support to maintain performance at the required level. For this we will obviously count on the equipment groups who are presently building the hardware systems, but we will also need a number of accelerator physicists to assume responsibility for the beam physics aspects
- Three categories of accelerator systems:
- Predominately equipment systems (such as magnet circuits and power converters) requiring little accelerator physics support
- Essentially beam-based systems (such as the machine aperture) requiring a lot of accelerator physics support
- All the rest, requiring both equipment and accelerator physics expertise
- For the accelerator physicists the term responsibility here means:
- Ensure beforehand that the system specification is clear and that all necessary tools, including software, are in place for first beam or when required
- Ensure that the system performs to specification as far as the beam is concerned. This will entail ensuring that all the necessary beam measurements are performed during commissioning and that any necessary corrective actions are implemented. All this should clearly be done in close collaboration with the central commissioning team described above
***Provide a link to the LARP personnel associated with the system***

*from Roger Bailey*

## Recent Accomplishments

- CERN accelerator complex largely off from the fall 2005 through spring 2006; little actual beam activity, but activity nonetheless:
- October ’04: expected participation in (very successful) TI8 	commissioning;  LARP participation curtailed by schedule conflicts and illness
- January ‘05:  U.S. personnel were present at CERN for the 	‘Chamonix’ workshop
- March ’05:  visit by US personnel to review/discuss list of tasks, 	plan for CERN staff visits to Fermilab, remote data sharing
- Spring/Summer ’05: series of visits to Fermilab by CERN/LHC 	operations staff to partner laboratories
- build relationships
- explore possibilities for Remote Monitoring
- discuss LHC/OP task list

## Expected Accomplishments for FY05

- It is hoped that a clearer understanding of where the U.S. can participate in LHC beam commissioning will begin in short order. The abovementioned ‘task lists’ are seen as critical for further progress.
- A long-term presence cannot begin just before first beam; resources need to be allocated to provide for an incremental increase as hardware commissioning begins.
- In order for CERN operations staff to begin to experience operation of a superconducting accelerator a series of 6-week visits by LHC shift commissioners is in progress and will continue into the summer.
- There is a growing interest in LARP beam commissioning and a commensurate virtual change in size of the LARP contingent.

## Fermilab Remote Operations Center

***Point of Interest*****:**  A Committee has been charged by the Fermilab Director with constructing a plan for a Fermilab Remote Operations Center
- Define the high level requirements for a Remote Operations Center for CMS, LHC accelerator operations, and US/LHC magnet commissioning
- Develop cost and schedule estimates for the implementation of 	a Remote Operations Center
- Preliminary report by the end of July, 2005 describing 	requirements and scope.
- Final report including a Resource Loaded Schedule is due by 	the end of CY2005.
- While not funded by LARP, will become essential for LARP personnel interaction with LHC commissioning

## Types of Participation

- Four  Types of Participation:
- Deliverables
- 	person builds something, visits to install, debug, etc., then leaves; may need remote access
- On-site Commissioning
- 	person has moved to CERN (for ~1 year, say) and works daily with LHC group
- 1-on-1 Contacts
- 	person works with a particular person or group located at CERN, with occasional trips to CERN to participate in a study, etc.
- Remote Participation
- 	person is part of a group at Remote Site, participating daily for shorter time periods
- 	"Training” can be performed at the Remote Site; periodic, shorter trips to CERN working with the "On-site" commissioners; people can continue to work remotely upon return

**Commissioning Team**
-   at CERN
- 	LARP
- 	Team Member

**Remote Site**
- Critical Mass:
-   consoles, video/audio, eLogs,
-   meeting space, coffee, etc.

- collaborative beam studies
-             “real time”

- off-line analyses

- periodic shifts

- special responsibility
- for communication
- with Remote Site

## Vision for Tasks and Budget for FY06-07

- Milestones toward LHC operation
- 	Hardware commissioning continues – LARP involvement?
- 	Injector start up
- 	Sector test
- 	First beam
- 	Commissioning
- There should be a LARP presence during pre-beam activities (hardware commissioning, sector test, etc) to gain an understanding of LHC controls and operation before beam commissioning is initiated.

## Beam Commissioning Summary

- There have been Beam Commissioning activities this year
- 	- clarification of US role, activities
- 	- remote operations
- 	- visits
- US personnel will be identified as CERN releases its list of expected tasks
- Activity should ramp up as Hardware Commissioning begins in earnest and Sector test is carried out
- Awaiting input from Commissioning Task Force

## AP & C Budget -- FY05-06

- Allocated budget is roughly half of original “blue-sky” requests (actually, even less than half of the very early requests); interest is there to do more
- If FY06 budget trimmed another 10%, would need to sacrifice work on 		e-Cloud and Beam-Beam Wires
- Would not wish to *halt* either; prefer to slow down if necessary
- These 2 not as “critical” (in the current time line) as others