# Presentation: 715812

## Welcome to the Kentucky District
Hydrologic Workshop 
October 29, 2003 

**Hydrologic Workshop**** **
**October 29, 2003 **

- U.S. Department of the Interior
- U.S. Geological Survey

## First, who are those people?

**Started in 1879 to consolidate the Nation’s resource surveys, we’re now the Nation’s largest earth science agency **

## USGS Mission Provide local, state, and federal decision makers with unbiased, long-term, reliable scientific information to: 

**Minimize loss of life and property from natural disasters**

**Better understand the resource issues, especially to protect human health and enhance environmental quality**

**Contribute to wise development of our Nation’s resources**

## Long Range District Goal

**Constantly improve our understanding of the needs and issues of Kentucky’s resource managers, so that we might provide a stronger scientific basis for the resources decisions they need to make**
**— ****Data, Tools, and Understanding —**** **

**Build on the multidisciplinary strengths of USGS **

**Optimize our local capabilities in those technical areas that are of highest priority to our partners **

**Notes:**
Transport with EPA Superfund

## FY02-04 Funding Sources & Customer Types

**Fiscal year is October 1 thru September 30**

- $

**Notes:**
FY03 drop in FED – OSW loss Mueller                           Fy02 had 27 projects, now 21 = picking up larger projects!
Fy04 OFA drop – Distler and Ft Knox last yr, and ACE gaging Nashville
         FED increase OGW and match if proposals accepted

## Workshop Objective

**Demonstrate some of our latest tools and **
**approaches to measure, monitor, and assess **
**water resources systems**

## So, what do we do?

## Surface Water Network in FY03

- Discharge

- Stage Only

- Water Quality

- Rainfall

**Real Time**

**Surface Water Network in FY03**

**77%**

**87%**

**100%**

**100%**

## Discharge Measurement Technology: Need for Modernization

_**Colorado River at Lees Ferry**_

**1923**

**1996**

**1890**

**Discharge Measurement Technology: ****Need for Modernization**

## KY District is helping pioneer the use of the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP)

**Discharge measurements that are safer, quicker, and more accurate**

## Remote Control Boat

**Remote Control Boat**

**Tethered Boat System**

**Flow Tracker**

**Side looker**

## Major Advancements 

- Instruments that use sound (acoustics)
- Measures velocity using the Doppler effect
- No moving parts
- Minimizes disturbance to the flow

## Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meters

- Two to four beam current meters that collect horizontal or vertical velocity profiles;
- Can be used in fixed deployments to index-mean channel velocity or as navigational aids;
- Very useful in situations that are influenced by backwater, regulation or tidal conditions where conventional stage-discharge relationships have problems.

- SonTek ADP

- RDI HADCP

**Notes:**
Profilers may have 2 to 4 beams, and collect velocity profilers either vertically or horizontally, depending on the installation.  Profilers can be used in fixed deployments to index mean channel velocity.  Another familiar application in the USGS is bottom tracking profilers that measure discharge from moving boats, such as RDI ADCP’s and SonTek RiverSurveyors

## 2-D Hydraulic Model and Sediment Transport Applications

## Studies of the Ohio River Alluvium for Louisville Water Company

**Studies of the Ohio River Alluvium ****for Louisville Water Company**

## RoxAnn Streambed Classification System

## 3-D View of RoxAnn Results – Ohio River Well Field

**LEGEND**

**RoxAnn Streambed Classification System**

## Karst Is a Significant Issue in Kentucky

**Areas shown in ****red**** have high potential for karst **
**Areas shown in ****green**** have moderate potential for karst **
**Areas shown in blue have limited potential for karst**

**55 percent of the state has potential for karst**

## Karst Hydrology Initiative (USGS GW Resources Program)

- A regional study of karst terranes and aquifers of Ordovician-Mississippian age

## Surface-Water-Quality

**Surface-Water-Quality**

**6 USGS NASQAN sites on Ohio River and tributaries**

## Green and Cumberland River basins have some of the highest annual yields of atrazine in the US

**Green and Cumberland River basins have some of the highest annual yields of atrazine in the US**

## Water-Quality Activities

- Changes in WQ re: coal mine restoration, Rock Creek
- LU-WQ relations in Mammoth Cave National Park

**1**

**2**

**3**

**4**

**5**

- Pesticide runoff in the Little River watershed
- Runoff quality affects on karst GW, Sinking Cr

- GIS tool demo in upper Salt River watershed
- Statewide N&P loads & streamstats GIS tool

## Ohio River Alluvial Aquifer Studies

- Oldham

- Louisville

- Carrollton

- LWC

- West Point

- Fort Knox

**Ohio River Alluvial ****Aquifer Studies**

## Ground-Water Cleanup Studies

** **

**Maxey Flats Low-Level Rad Site and **
**Distler Brickyard Superfund Site **
**are in their long-term data collection phase**

## Kentucky’s Sediment Lab

**Kentucky’s Sediment Lab**

- Analyses of suspended sediment concentration and
- particle size distribution

- We have 24 USGS customers and
- 2 non-fed (LWC & GA), processing over 14,000 samples last year

## Mapping Kentucky’s Geology

**KGS/USGS have digitized **
**Over 700 Kentucky**
**Geologic Quads (1:24K)**

**http://www.uky.edu/KGS/home.htm**

## Capitalize on the new GIS data in KY

** ****KY Digital Mapping Initiative (joint $ with USGS) – new DEM, NHD, KLS**
**http://www.state.ky.us/agencies/finance/depts/ogis/gisdept.htm**
**http://kls.state.ky.us**

**Notes:**
Transport with EPA Superfund

## Building GIS-Based Hydrologic Tools

**NHD**

**10m DEM**

**Karst Basins**

**Land Use**

**Soils**

**Climate/Flow Data**

## Current HUC 11’s

**Within guidelines**

## Current HUC 14’s

**Within guidelines**

## HUC basins revised with DEM and NHDRenumbered

- HUC 12’s

- HUC 10’s

- HUC 11’s

- HUC 14’s

## Inner Bluegrass karst example

**HUC **
**boundary **
**(blue)**

**Inner Bluegrass karst example**

**Karst **
**boundary **
**(green)**

## Vermont Example Peak Flow Equation

- Q50 = 129 A0.874  L-0.327  E0.115
- Q50 = Peak discharge with a recurrence interval of 50 years
- A = Drainage area , mi2
- L = 1 plus the % of basin covered by lakes or ponds
- E = 1 plus the % of basin at or above 1200 feet

## Example 

**Example **

## KY streamstats will incorporate published low & high flow statistics and estimates of N & P loads (SPARROW)

## Example Statewide Watershed Model Configuration

-   Pervious
-   runoff
-   model
-  **     ****TOPMODEL**

-   Impervious
-   runoff
-   model
** **
**         ****TR-55**** **

- Daily time series precipitation / temperature 1948-present

- Wetness index

**Notes:**
I need to stress that a lot of work went into the development of the streamflow model has ultimately provided detailed streamflow characteristics for the 856 AMNET sites being evaluated as part of the Watershed Indicators Project.
Climate model - Used regression to develop equations of mean monthly climate data for all stations in a region 
Precip = a + b(LAT) + c(LON) + d(ELE)  -- based on LATitude, LONgitude, and ELEvation of the weather station. Precipitation correlation suggested 3 regional equations per month. Temperature required only 1 statewide equation per month.
Climate for watersheds - To get precipitation for a watershed, we (1) adjusted data at nearest climate stations w/ equation aPrecip = (precipst)- b(LATst) - c(LONst) - d(ELEst)), (2) apply adjusted value to watershed of interest (x) P_x = aPrecip + b(LATx) + c(LONx) + d(ELEx) and (3) Use 3 stations to adjust final value P_x = P_x  * monthly mean(3 stations) / monthly mean (1 station).
Basis for flow model - TOPMODEL uses a wetness index derived from digital topography (DEM) and mean soil depth and permeability as the basis for calculating water budgets/runoff for pervious areas. Daily precipitation and temperature drive the water budget calculations. ISC used to calculate impervious area runoff.
Pervious area runoff approach -- Calibrate one parameter, wetness index scaling parameter (M) (adjusts baseflow recession slope and sat. deficit distribution)
Impervious area runoff approach -- TR-55 --Impervious watershed area is assigned an initial curve number (CN = 98) that is adjusted daily by 5-day antecedent rainfall. Then each day (1) subtract potential evapotranspiration from rainfall, (2) compute runoff with daily adjusted CN, and (3) remainder added uniformly to TOPMODEL water budget.

## Effect of Impervious Surface on Streamflow

**Effect of Impervious Surface on Streamflow**

## Water Budget Analysis

**Provides a basis for evaluating change**
**Accounts for water system gains and loses**

**Streamflow = **
**Precipitation **
**– ****Evapotranspiration**
**– ****Withdrawals **
**+ Return flows**

## Slide 39

## Rapid Watershed Assessment Using Helicopter Video Mapping with GPS Tags

- Don Roseboom and Tim Straub
- Illinois District, USGS

## Slide 41

**Notes:**
Transport with EPA Superfund

## Slide 42

**Notes:**
Transport with EPA Superfund