# Presentation: 481976

## TheEconomic Census and You

## What Users Need to Know

***Economic Census***
***Overview and uses***
***How the data are classified (NAICS)***
***How the data are published (1997 / 2002)***
***Working with the data ***
***Local data from current programs***

**Notes:**
There are several parts to this presentation.  For most of the time, we will focus on the Economic Census.
I will start with a brief overview and look at where the Economic Census fits in the scheme of things  
Next, my colleague Paul Zeisset will talk about industry classification—particularly in terms of the North American Industry Classification System or NAICS
Third, I will talk about products from the 2002 Economic Census and when they are coming out.
Fourth, Paul will review the various web tools that will help you use the data, and where you can get more information.

Finally, Paul will broaden the scope to deal with other data sets collected annually that include information for local areas.

## Economic
  data collected from businesses

Demographic
  data collected from households

**  **data collected from** businesses**
**      **
**Demographic**
**  **data collected from** households**

*Census Terminology*

**Notes:**
Let me introduce you to a bit of our jargon.  When we at the Census Bureau refer to economic data we are referring to data that we collect from businesses.  We use the term demographic to refer to data collected from households.  

Of course, there are lots of important data about the American economy that can be gleaned from the income, occupation, and labor force information published in Census 2000 and from other demographic surveys, but those data are beyond the scope of this presentation.

## Slide 4

**Notes:**
There are a great deal of statistics for and about business issued by the federal government.  Many of these come from the U.S. Census Bureau.  We will review several different sources, but will focus on one of the richest of the business data sets, the 2002 Economic Census.

## Principal Economic Indicators

**  ****Manufacturing and Trade:  Inventories and Sales**
-   Monthly Wholesale Trade
-   Manufactures’ Shipments, Inventories and Orders
**  ****Quarterly Services Survey [NEW]**
**  ****Housing Starts**
-   Value of New Construction Put in Place
-   Housing Completions
-   New Homes Sold and for Sale
**  ****US International Trade in Goods and Services**
-   Quarterly Financial Report (two releases)
-   Housing Vacancies

***Principal Economic Indicators***

**Notes:**
Census Bureau publishes a number of the Principal Economic Indicators, like
■  Monthly retail sales,
■  Manufacturers shipments, inventories and orders
■  International Trade in Goods and Services...
■  and the brand new Quarterly Services Survey

## Surveys vs Census

***Economic Census ***
- Every 5 years   ***(years ending in 2 & 7)***
- Industry/product detail
- Detailed Geography

***Economic Surveys***
- Annual, quarterly,    monthly
- Limited detail
- Mostly national

**Notes:**
But the surveys that make the best news for their frequency and timeliness are not necessarily the same ones that provide all of the details needed for many practical businesses decisions.

While we have a number of surveys that provide annual, quarterly and monthly data, they mostly have limited industry detail, and they mostly tell us only what is going on in the nation as a whole.

## Slide 7

**Notes:**
Fortunately, once every 5 years, we have a much larger survey we call the Economic Census.  The census provides us with much greater detail about specific industries and about the products they produce or sell.

- 	“The Economic Census is indispensable to understanding America’s economy...”
- 	--**Alan Greenspan, Chairman, Federal Reserve Board of Governors**

** **

**Notes:**
All of these statistics are very important to policy makers and business people.

Alan Greenspan has said that “The Economic Census is indispensable to understanding America’s economy”

## Public Sector Uses

-  Benchmarking
-  Tracking economic change
-  Attracting new businesses
-  Assisting business    development

**Notes:**
The Economic Census serves a number of important needs in the public sector.
■  Government agencies use the census as the foundation--or benchmark--for other statistics and surveys, from the Gross Domestic Product to monthly retail sales.
■  Policy-making agencies in government use census data to:
   ■  Measure and track in the local economies, and
   ■  Analyze the impact of policies and economic programs
■  Local agencies use economic census data to focus efforts to attract new business and retain existing firms, and to assist entrepreneurs in business development.

** **

- “Sound and timely economic
- data are the fuel that powers
- business decision making...”
-  --**Thomas J. Donohue, President,**
**United States Chamber of Commerce**

**Notes:**
These data are not just for government use.  The president of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce has remarked that "Sound and timely economic data are the fuel that powers business decision making..."

## Private Sector Uses

**Study your industry**
- 	Market share
- 	Product trends
- 	Strategic planning

**What’s my share?**
**How does my firm compare?**

**Notes:**
Businesses are especially important as data users because it is they who provide the data in the first place.

First, firms can look at their own industry.  A firm can compare its own statistics with figures for the industry, computing market share and evaluating its own growth and product mix relative to the competition.

## Private Sector Uses

**Study your industry**
- 	Market share
- 	Product trends
- 	Strategic planning
**Study business markets**
- 	Site locations
- 	Sales territories
- 	Forecasting sales

**Where are my customers? suppliers?  competitors?**

**Notes:**
Second, firms use census data in business-to-business marketing.  Manufacturers and distributors that sell their products to or through other businesses use the economic census to study those markets, and then apply what they have found out in
         Locating plants, warehouses, and stores; and
         Laying out sales territories;
         Making sales forecasts.

■  Of course, businesses engaged in marketing to household consumers (B-to-C instead of B-to-B), make many of these same types of decisions using data about people--from the 2000 Census of Population and Housing.

## Private Sector Uses

**Study your industry**
- 	Market share
- 	Product trends
- 	Strategic planning
**Study business markets**
- 	Site locations
- 	Sales territories
- 	Forecasting sales
**Evaluate investments**
- 	Estimate market size
- 	Data for loan applications

**Notes:**
Third, firms use census data to evaluate investment opportunities.  This can be especially important to small businesses if they want someone else to invest in their business, as when they apply for a loan.  Even if the the owner of a small shop knows his or her markets and the competition enough to run day-to-day operations, that owner may sometime need to convince someone else--like a bank's loan officer or a venture capitalist--just how good the business opportunity is.  Census figures on the market might just win the day.

## Sector contribution to GDP

***Economic Census Coverage***

**Notes:**
The Economic Census covers most, but not quite all, economic activity.  The Census Bureau conducts a separate Census of Governments and the U.S. Department of Agriculture conducts a separate Census of Agriculture.  Taken together, these censuses cover about 98 percent of economic activity.

The 1997 Economic Census, per se, covers only the nonfarm, private economy, about 85% of the pie.  

## Economic Census Coverage

***Economic Census Coverage***

**Notes:**
The Economic Census covers most, but not quite all, economic activity.  The Census Bureau conducts a separate Census of Governments and the U.S. Department of Agriculture conducts a separate Census of Agriculture.  Taken together, these censuses cover about 98 percent of economic activity.

The 1997 Economic Census, per se, covers only the nonfarm, private economy, about 85% of the pie.  

## Increasing Census Coverage

**Notes:**
Parts of the Economic Census date back to 1810, although the Economic Census didn’t really take its current form until 1954.  Note, in particular, that coverage of most of Transportation, Communications, and Utilities and Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate began only in 1992.  So time series for some parts of the economy may be relatively short.

## Economic Census  Data Collection

***Economic Census  ******Data Collection***

**Notes:**
We collected most of the data in the Census by mail: for the 2002 Economic Census we sent forms to 5 million companies in December 2002.  We waited until year-end so companies could report all of their activity during the calendar year. ...and data collection activities continued through most of 2003.  Many companies took advantage of the opportunity to report electronically.

We used more than 600 variations on the census form, so that each business could respond in terms meaningful to its own industry.

Most businesses in the U.S. are actually very small –- nearly 3/4 are self employed, yet they account for only about 3 1/2% of economic activity.   Rather than send out 16 million more forms, we substituted information from the administrative records of other federal agencies. 

## Industry Classifi- cation

**Notes:**
In this segment, we talk about how economic census data are organized.

## Economic Census Table

***Economic Census Table***

**Data classified by industry**

**Notes:**
When we present data from the Economic Census, we classify the data by industry or kind-of-business, as illustrated by various types of motor vehicle dealers shown in the sample table.

## Standard Industrial Classification System

** ****Developed in 1930's**** **
** ****Updated every 10-15 years**** **
**Dominated by manufacturing**

**SIC**

**Notes:**
The Government’s official system for classifying industries since the 1930's through most of the 1990’s was the Standard Industrial Classification (or SIC) system.
But the SIC system reflected an economy dominated by manufacturing, not the service economy into which we have evolved.	

## NAICS

***North***
***American***
***Industry***
***Classification***
***System***

**Notes:**
America needed a better classification system, and now it has one.

## NAICS

*NAICS*

**North **
**American**
**Industry **
**Classification **
**System**

**Notes:**
The new North American Industry Classification System replaced the old Standard Industrial Classification (or SIC) system as of 1997.  NAICS (which rhymes with "snakes") was defined as a joint project of the U.S., Canada and Mexico.

## NAICS Sectors

***11        Agriculture, Forestry,******              Fishing, and Hunting ******21        Mining ******22        Utilities ******23        Construction ******31-33   Manufacturing ******42        Wholesale Trade ******44-45   Retail Trade ******48-49  Transportation and******              Warehousing ******51        Information ******52        Finance and Insurance ******53        Real Estate and Rental******              and Leasing ***

***54   Professional, Scientific and Technical******       Services ***
***Management of Companies and******       Enterprises***
***56   Administrative and Support and ******       Waste Management and***
***              ******Remediation Services***
***61       Educational Services ***
***62       Health Care and Social Assistance ***
***    ******Arts, Entertainment and ***
***               ******Recreation ***
***    ******Accommodation and ***
***               ******Food Services ***
***    ******Other Services (except ***
***              ******Public Administration) ***
***92       Public Administration ***

**Notes:**
At the same time, the way that industries are grouped into major economic sectors also changed.
   The SIC had 10 divisions, NAICS has 20.

## New Numbering System

***Example***

***     ******Description***

***Code***

***Level***

**Information**

**51**

**Sector**

**Broadcasting (except Internet)**

**515**

**Subsector**

**Radio and Television Broadcasting**

**5151**

**Industry Group**

**Radio Broadcasting**

**51511**

**Industry**

**Radio Stations**

**515112**

**U.S. Industry**

**Notes:**
NAICS introduced a new numbering system.

The new NAICS codes have 6 digits to replace the 4-digit SIC system.

Here is an actual example of the NAICS hierarchy.

Within the Information Sector, 51, there is 
a 3-digit subsector for Broadcasting other than the Internet,
a 4-digit industry group for Radio and Television Broadcasting, and 
a 5-digit industry for Radio Broadcasting.
Only the U.S. further defines a 6-digit industry for Radio Stations

Many users had hoped that going from a 4-digit SIC to a 6-digit NAICS code would mean orders of magnitude more detail.  In fact, the number of classifications has gone up only about 15 percent.

The greatest significance is that the NAICS identifies important new industries and important new groupings.

## New Sectors

***SIC Division***

***NAICS Sector***

***Transportation, ***

***Communications, ***

***and Utilities***

***Utilities***

***Transportation and Warehousing***

***Finance, ***

***Insurance, ***

***Real Estate***

***Finance and Insurance***

***Real Estate and Rental and Leasing***

***Retail Trade***

***Retail Trade***

***Accommodations and Food Services ***

***Service ***

***Industries***

***Professional, Scientific, and Technical Svc***

***Administrative & Support and***

***   ******Waste Management & Remediation Svcs***

***Educational Services***

***Health Care and Social Assistance***

***Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation ***

***Information***

**Notes:**
This slide shows how new sectors were broken out from the familiar divisions of the SIC.
   For example, Utilities, and Transportation and Warehousing, were broken out from a single SIC division.
   More dramatic were the new differentiations within service industries–6 new sectors

## New Sectors

***SIC Division***

***NAICS Sector***

***Transportation, ***

***Communications, ***

***and Utilities***

***Utilities***

***Transportation and Warehousing***

***Finance, ***

***Insurance, ***

***Real Estate***

***Finance and Insurance***

***Real Estate and ******Rental and Leasing***

***Retail Trade***

***Retail Trade***

***Accommodations****** and ******Food Services****** ***

***Service ***

***Industries***

***Professional, Scientific, and Technical Svc***

***Administrative & Support and***

***   ******Waste Management & Remediation Svcs***

***Educational Services***

***Health Care and Social Assistance***

***Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation ***

***Information***

**Notes:**
Yet that straightforward chart was really an oversimplification
   In fact, major chunks of service industries went into the new Accommodation and Food Services sector and the Real Estate and Rental and Leasing sector.
   And the new Information sector shown at the bottom of the screen really got its largest component–communications–from the old transportation, communications, and utilities division of the SIC.

##            Accommodation and            Food Services 

***              ******Created from***

**Service Industries**
**	****Hotels and other lodging**
**Retail Trade**
**	****Eating and drinking places**

**Notes:**
Let’s look at an example.
 The new accommodation and food services sector was created by marrying the hotel and lodging industries, from the old services sector, with eating and drinking places from retail trade.
   Retail trade is, of course, a very familiar concept.  In 1992, Eating and drinking places made up about 10 percent of retail sales and fully one third of retail employment.  In NAICS, that large chunk was removed from retail trade.

## Retail vs Wholesale

**Wholesale Trade**
**Sells to business**
**Office or warehouse**
**Advertise to trade**
**Display little or no  **
**  ****merchandise**

**Retail Trade**
**In SIC**
**Sells to consumers**
**In NAICS**
**Location attracts public**
**Advertise to public**
**Display merchandise**

**Notes:**
 But there is more.
   The distinction between retail and wholesale trade used to be in terms of who the customer was.  Under SIC, retailers were those who sold to consumers, and wholesalers sold to businesses and institutions.  Then along came a variety of computer stores and office supply stores and building material stores that sold to both businesses and individuals.
   In NAICS, a retailer is characterized more by the way it does business–with a storefront, advertising to the public, and display of merchandise–than who its customer is.
   The net effect of these changes is to subtract some activity from wholesale trade and add it to retail trade.

## Two Views of 1997 Retail Trade

**Notes:**
Looking at 1997 retail sales as classified by SIC and NAICS, they don’t look all that much different.
The inflow of wholesalers into retail trade appears to have offset much of the loss of restaurants to the new accommodations and foodservices sector.
At least that is the way it looks in terms of sales.

## Two Views of 1997 Retail Trade

**Notes:**
But the picture is much different in employment.  
Restaurants tend to have lots of employees relative to their sales.
The formerly wholesale establishments that came in to retail have much fewer.
In terms of employment, retail trade under SIC and NAICS look quite different.

## Establishment

**A store, warehouse, factory, etc. at a single physical location**

**Notes:**
 Before we go further, lets make sure we understand just what it is that is being classified by industry. 

A business establishment is a store, warehouse or factory operating at a specific physical location.

## Company

**One or more establishments under ****common ownership or control**

**Notes:**
That is not the same thing as a company.
   A company consists of one or more establishments under common ownership or control.  We require each company to give us separate data for each of their establishments, because frequently the different establishments do different things, and typically the different establishments are located in different geographic areas.  
   So it is each establishment that gets a NAICS code, not the company as a whole.
   And it is the number of establishments, not the number of companies, that is featured in most census statistics.

## NAICS Manual

**Definition for each industry**** **
**Alphabetic index**** **
**Correspondence tables**** **

**2002 Edition**
**NAICS02 to NAICS97**
**NAICS97 to NAICS02**

**1997 Edition**
**NAICS97 to SIC**
**SIC to NAICS97**

**In print**
**and**
**at www.census.gov**

**Notes:**
There are many resources to help you figure out relationships between current data published by NAICS and historical data still out there by SIC.
The definitive resource is the NAICS Manual, available in print and at our web site.
Notice at the bottom that there are separate 1997 and 2002 editions of the NAICS manual.  I will return to that in a moment.

   The manual includes definitions for each industry, an alphabetic index, and, in the 1997 edition, detailed tables illustrating the correspondence between NAICS and SIC, and vice versa.

## Slide 34

**Notes:**
Here you can see the publishing industries within NAICS
   Newspaper publishing (NAICS 51111) is, one-for-one, the same as SIC 2711, and the table includes an E code to tell you that this is simply an existing industry.
   Periodical and book publishers have a code R to tell you these industries have been revised from their SIC counterparts
   Database and Directory publishers (NAICS 51114) have a code N for a new industry, without a real counterpart in SIC.

The correspondence tables are very useful, but when an industry is split or made up of parts of other industries, they don’t tell you how important each component is.  This table tells you that one component of the new Book Publishers NAICS code is technical manuals and books, which used to be part of SIC 2741.  This table doesn’t tell you how important technical manuals are relative to other parts of the book publishing industry—coming from  SIC 2731.

-------
(optional)  Let’s hone in on Greeting Card Publishers (NAICS 511191) shown at the bottom.  That corresponds to only part of  SIC 2771.  What else was in 2771 that is left out of NAICS 511191?

## Brie between NAICS and SIC

**Notes:**
Fortunately, the 1997 Economic Census published a Bridge between NAICS and SIC.

The “Bridge” report gives national statistics defining for us just how much of each SIC category went to each NAICS–and vice versa–thereby defining comparability issues much more thoroughly than the correspondence tables or any other source.

The answer to our question about Book Publishers is that the 1997 Economic Census didn’t even find any establishments primarily engaged in publishing technical manuals to the exclusion of all else, so movement of that category had no practical effect.

The symbols here are a take-off on the bridge metaphor.  Those categories completely comparable between SIC and NAICS are shown with a full bridge with superstructure.  Those not comparable are shown by a drawbridge wide open.  Those almost comparable, like book publishers, are shown with a drawbridge nearly closed.  We used that symbol if SIC-based data could get us within 3% of the NAICS sales or revenue.

## Assembling Time Series

- SIC      1987  1992   (1997)
- NAICS                      1997  2002  2007

**Notes:**
Data prior to 1997 were published based on SIC.  All data for 2002 and future years will be based on NAICS.  Only for 1997 do we have some overlap between the two systems.  Most 1997 data were published by NAICS, but selected national and state data were also published by SIC to facilitate the transition.

NAICS gives us a better foundation for analysis of trends in the future.  But in many respects there is a disconnect.  Some series simply will not be able to bridge the gap between the two systems.

## Changes for NAICS 2002

| Sector | Type of change | New industries |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Construction | Major changes | Residential remodelers |
| Wholesale Trade | Separated Agents and Brokers—affects all industries | Wholesale electronic markets |
| Retail Trade | Subdivided 2 industries | Discount dep’t stores
Electronic shopping
Electronic auctions |
| Information | Renumbering
Moved Internet | Internet publishing and broadcasting |

**Notes:**
The old SIC system was updated every 10 to 15 years.  That proved to be too infrequent.  NAICS will be reviewed every 5 years.

There are already changes implemented for 2002.  
Industries have been largely redefined within Construction and Wholesale Trade.  Still, none of the boundaries between sectors were affected, so we have nothing like the upheaval users dealt with for 1997.  
Changes in retail trade and information are comparatively minor, with little or no impact on historical comparability-----------------------------------long form alternate to above 2 bullets-----------------------------
Unlike the changes from SIC to NAICS in 1997, the changes from 1997 to 2002 are limited in scope, leaving the boundaries among sectors where they were, and substantially affecting only two sectors:  construction and wholesale trade.
Construction was substantially reorganized.  The new residential remodelers industries was previously a small  part of two different industries.
The structure of wholesale trade was not changed much, except that one piece, agents and brokers, was taken out of every other industry.  That reduced all other industries up to half, but averaging about 10 percent in terms of sales. 
Compared to that, the impact to comparability of data in retail trade and information is very minor.
1) In retail trade
a> Discount department stores have been broken out from other department stores (but census tabulations for 1997 anticipated that change)
b> Electronic shopping and electronic auctions have been separated from mail order houses.
2) In Information
a> Internet publishing and broadcasting was broken out from 7 other information industries, but those numbers would not have been particularly large in 1997.
b> The most obvious change is the renumbering of industries
 still comparable to recognize broadcasting and telecommunications as separate subsectors.
Whenever we publish what we call "comparative statistics“ you will find data classified on the old basis to match the earlier data.

## Slide 38

**Notes:**
The place where you find all of the answers is the NAICS website.

In the upper left corner of the page is the link to the NAICS to SIC and SIC to NAICS tables we illustrated earlier.  Just below that is a NAICS search box where you can type in a word and get a list of all of the related industries.

Let’s imagine that we have typed “software” in and clicked NAICS Search.

## Slide 39

**Notes:**
Here is a list of related industries, including Software Publishers, NAICS 511210.  Let’s click on that code 511210.

## Slide 40

**Notes:**
This brings us to the formal paragraph-style definition of software publishers, coupled with cross-references to related industries and a list of all of the index entries that could have brought us to this industry—sort of an operational definition.

This page also lets us link directly to correspondence tables, to the 1997 bridge tables, and to a sampler of economic census data for this industry from the 1997 Economic Census.

## Slide 41

**Notes:**
Backing up to the list of entries we saw a moment ago, note that there are actually two code columns, one for 2002 and one for 1997.  The code for software wholesaling changed so you see two separate codes in the next to the last entry.  You can click on the two codes to see how the definition changed.

## Slide 42

**Notes:**
The NAICS web page is frequently updated.  Concordances for 2002, and between NAICS and some international classification systems, have been added.  There is even information about changes contemplated for 2007.

For those of you concerned with the statistics of other agencies, there are annotations of when some of the data series of the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics will complete their conversion to NAICS.

## Economic Census Products

**Notes:**
That brings us back to the Economic Census, and in particular, how Economic Census data get into your hands through a set of data products.  For that, I give you to my colleague, ____.

## www.census.gov

*www.census.gov*

**Notes:**
Since nearly all Economic Census products get to you via the Census Bureau web site, and most references are there too, let’s find the charts we need as web pages.

The Census home page gives us a link straight to the Economic Census.

<<click on Economic Census>>

## Slide 45

**Notes:**
The primary Economic Census page features both 2002 and 1997 economic census data, because, to this point, we have published only about half of the 1600 report coming from the 2002 census.  

The first link in the main column is to the schedule.  Let’s start there

<<click on “schedule”>>

## Slide 46

**Notes:**
This page is part of the Guide to the Economic Census.

It shows reports being issued across more than a 2-year period, from the first quarter of 2004 to the 2nd quarter of 2006.

We won’t talk about the advance report, because those data have now been superseded.

The Industry Series gave us our first look at really detailed numbers.

## Industry Series

**Goods-producing ****Construction, Mining, Manufacturing**
**Separate reports for each **
**   ****6-digit industry**
**Incl. products and materials **
**National, limited state data**

**Service-producing**
**Sectors 22, 42 to 81**

**         ****New for 2002**
**Reports for groups**
**    ****of industries**
**Includes products**
**National data only**

**Notes:**
In past censuses we have issued industry series reports only for goods-producing sectors:  mining, construction, and manufacturing.
There is nothing particularly new here.
a> There is a separate report for each 6-digit industry, and
b> Each report includes a limited amount of state data
What is new for 2002 are industry series reports for all of the other industries, in what we will refer to as service-producing sectors.
1) Here, each report covers a group of related industries, but
2) the data are limited to the national level only.

## Slide 48

**Notes:**
The main type of reports being published right now are the Geographic Area Series reports

<<click on “Geo Area Series”>>

## Slide 49

**Notes:**
Area series reports are issued state by state, and to determine what is available, all you have to do is click on your state.

<<click on New Mexico on the map>>

## Slide 50

**Notes:**
Of the 18 sectors, _New Mexico_ data have been published for 11 of them.  The remainder are all scheduled for release by September of this year.

## Slide 51

**Notes:**
Back on the page for all states, lower down, is a graphic summary of when the various sectors will be published.  Most sectors started publication late last year or early this year and will be completed by September, if not before.  But, because a few sectors are scheduled to come out all at once in September, the economic portrait of _New Mexico_ won’t be complete until then.

## Economic Census Geography

*Economic Census Geography*

- U.S.
-  States
-  Metro areas
-  Counties
-  Places of 2,500+ Inhabitants
-  ZIP Codes

**Notes:**
The Economic Census publishes data for the nation as a whole, for states, for metropolitan areas, for counties, for cities and other places that have 2500 or more inhabitants, and for ZIP Codes.  All but ZIP Codes are included in the Geographic Area Series

## Slide 53

**Notes:**
The righthand part of the chart shows, however, that not all sectors publish data for all geographic areas.

Three sectors have only state level data:  mining, construction, and management of companies.

Three more show data only for states and metropolitan areas, but not for counties and places:  Utilities, Transportation and Warehousing, and Finance and Insurance.

If you want a list of all states that have been published for a particular sector, you can click on one of the down arrows on the left.

## Likely Sequence of States

**Notes:**
For most sectors, publication of Geographic Area Series reports takes place over an 8 or 9 month time span, culminating late this summer. This slide shows that the first states to come out for any particular sector have been Colorado, New Mexico, Montana, and Hawaii, followed by New England, other mountain states, the Pacific Northwest, and then Nevada and California.  

_New Mexico is fortunate to be so high on our priority list_  Nonetheless, in order to study all sectors for your state, you will probably have to wait until September 2005.

## Slide 55

**Notes:**
After the completion of the Geographic Area Series, we will publish the Comparative Statistics and Bridge reports.

## Comparative Statistics

***Economy-wide***
***For 1997, shows SICs by State ***
***For 2002, will show NAICS97 by State***
***No substate geography***

**Notes:**
In Comparative Statistics, we compare data from the current census with data from the previous census.  In order to provide comparable data, we have to employ the classification system of the previous census.  For 1997 that meant showing data by the SIC system as used in 1992, and Comparative Statistics was the main report for 1997 that tied back to the old SIC system.  

The Comparative Statistics report for 2002 will no longer tie back to SIC, but rather will be based on the 1997 NAICS.

The 1997 report gave comparable, SIC-based data for the U.S. and for states.  There were no comparable, SIC-based data for metro areas, counties, or cities for 1997.

For 2002, Comparative Statistics isn’t quite so important, given that all sectors are comparable, 1997 to 2002, at the sector level, and most sectors are completely comparable for individual industries as well.  Thus, you can make your own comparisons between 1997 reports and 2002 reports.

## Bridge between NAICS and SIC

**1997:  Shows SIC parts within NAICS & v.v.**
**2002:  Bridge between NAICS 02 and NAICS 97**
**National data**
**Basis for converting other data**

**Notes:**
We have already talked about the Bridge Between NAICS and SIC, published only at the national level for 1997.
There will be a 2002 counterpart, but it will bridge between the 2002 version of NAICS and the 1997 version, in those limited areas where they are different.

## Subject Reports

***Separate reports for each sector***
***In service-producing sectors***
***Product lines***
***state data for many industries***
***Metro data for wholesale, retail, accommodations only***
***Establishment and firm size***
***Miscellaneous subjects***
***limited state data***

**Notes:**
Subject reports generally explore specialized topics at the national level.
For 14 service-producing sectors, there are three subject reports:
Product Lines
Establishment and Firm Size, and 
Miscellaneous Subjects
Let me say a little more about the Product Lines reports

## Slide 59

**Notes:**
We have already published an advance look at product line data in the Industry Series reports.

a)  Convenience stores are a separate industry, NAICS 44512. 

b)  Convenience stores sold $20.9 billion dollars in goods during 2002, of which $9.4 billion were groceries.  The next to the last column shows that that $9.4 billion is 45% of total sales of convenience stores.

c)  Other major categories include 10.2% for meals for immediate consumption
	...another 10.2% for packaged liquor, wine and beer
 	...and a whopping 24.8% for cigarettes and other tobacco products

d) These product data are already published at the national level, but the Product Lines reports will revise the figures and bring them all together.

By while the Product Lines PDFs will include only national data, databases that we will be discussing later on American FactFinder and DVD-ROM will include 
State data for many sectors
Metropolitan area data for three sectors:  wholesale trade, retail trade, and accommodations and food services.

Product Lines reports are coming next fall or winter.

## E-Commerce Statistics

**New for 2002**
**Economy-wide, 3-digit NAICS**
**Includes sales via Internet and other**
**U.S., state data**

**Notes:**
New for 2002 is a report on sales over the Internet and other electronic networks.  While we have been taking surveys of e-commerce activities since 1999, this will be the first source of information covering all industries and publishing data for states.

## ZIP Code Statistics

**Primarily establishment counts by size**
**Not in print or PDF**

**Notes:**
ZIP Code statistics include establishment counts by industry by size.

These data are the only indicators of the geographic distribution of business within large cities, since the economic census includes no data for census tracts or the other small areas pubished in the population census.

These data appear as databases only, on CD-ROM and on the Internet, not as PDF reports, and they are among the last products of the 2002 census.

## ZIP Code Statistics

**Scope:**
**Selected sectors only**

**Notes:**
ZIP Code statistics are published for
* Manufacturing
* retail trade, 
* and for various service industries.

## Slide 63

**Notes:**
Nonemployer Statistics are next on the list.

As shown on the chart, the data all became available last year.

But what are these nonemployers?

## Nonemployer Statistics

**Businesses w/o paid employees account for**
**70% of all businesses**
** ****3.5% of all sales**
**Excluded from other census reports**
**U.S., State, county & metro data **
**Updated annually**

**Notes:**
By definition, nonemployers are businesses with no paid employees.
Most nonemployers are what we think of as self-employed persons.
In terms of sales, they account for only about 3.5% of total sales by employers and nonemployers combined.
But if you are counting numbers of companies, around 70% are nonemployers.
Nonemployer data have now been published for states, counties and metro areas, well ahead of other economic census data.
If you need a total for “all firms”, you can add together data for nonemployers, from this report, with employers, from any of the other economic census reports.
Since the data come from tax returns rather than questionnaires, we get fresh data each year.

## Other Reports

**Censuses of Island Areas**
**Business Expenses**
**Survey of Business Owners**

**Notes:**
The Censuses of Island Areas provide data for Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands..

The Business Expenses Survey produces a report covering most industries, but only at the national level.

The most popular of this group of reports is the Survey of Business Owners, due to be published in 2006.

##   Women 

**  ****Women **
**  ****Black**
**	****Hispanic**
**	****American Indians and Alaska Natives**
**	****Asians and Pacific Islanders**
**	****Minority Summary**
**	****Company Summary**

***Survey of Business Owners***

- Formerly the surveys of
- Minority- and Women-Owned
- Business Enterprises

**Notes:**
That is the new title for what was previously known as the Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises and the Survey of Women-Owned Business Enterprises.

These reports show the total number of businesses owned by Blacks, Hispanics, American Indians, and Asians and Pacific Islanders, along with overall totals for all businesses and for businesses owned by women.   Separate reports are issued for each of the categories shown on the slide.

## SBO includes Nonemployers

**“****All Firms” includes employers and nonemployers**

**Most census figures limited to “Firms with paid employees”**

**Notes:**
Here is an illustration taken from 1997 data.

These reports include two sets of data columns.  
The four columns on the right are for firms with paid employees, the same ones covered in most Economic Census reports.  
But the columns in the middle, and the ones most frequently cited, are for all firms, including nonemployers as well as employers.  This is in recognition of the fact that the largest numbers of minority- and women-owned businesses are really self-employed individuals.

Note one other thing.  The Survey of Business Owners includes a line at the top for the Universe of All Firms.  None of the other Economic Census reports add up totals across all sectors, but this one does.

## 2002 SBO Report Schedule

**Notes:**
Survey of Business Owners reports for 2002 will appear next year.

## What’s New for 2002

***	******	***
**New name:  ****Survey of Business Owners**
**Race counts will include multi-race**
**Classification by NAICS**
**New owner characteristics: **
**age, education, hours worked, disability**
**New business characteristics:**** **
**home-based, family-owned, franchising, year started, financing **

***What’s New for 2002***

**Notes:**
In addition to the new name there are other important things new with the Survey of Business Owners for 2002.
Comparability of 1997 and 2002 data will be affected by the fact that
Respondents were allowed to identify themselves with one or more race group, and they will be counted in the tallies of each race group they identify, likely raising some counts.
1997 data were classified by SIC, 2002 will be by NAICS
Of special interest even to those not concerned with minorities are the new characteristics on the form, to be published at the U.S. and state levels:
Owner characteristics like age, education, veterans status, hours worked, and disability, and
Business characteristics, like home-based or family-owned businesses, franchising, age of the business, and sources of financing

## Slide 70

**Notes:**
We’ve talked about a lot of features of the Economic Census that are new for 2002.
So what else is there?

## Slide 71

**Notes:**
We have a detailed page addressing this subject, part of the Guide to the Economic Census.

## What’s New for 2002?

- NAICS
- New industries
- Fewer out-of-scope industries
- Industry Series for service sectors
- E-Commerce
- Expanded Survey of Business Owners
- American Factfinder & CD-ROM features converge
- Micropolitan Statistical Areas

**Notes:**
a) Actually, the most important point is what isn't new.  Most of the statistics will look just like their 1997 counterparts, and that should be a relief for those who agonized through the transition from SIC to NAICS last time.
b) We spoke of the changes to NAICS classification within 4 sectors.
c) In addition, four industries previously associated with the agricultural services under SIC, and therefore out of scope of the economic census, are now added to reflect their relocation within the NAICS structure
          1) landscape architecture
          2) landscaping services
          3) veterinary services
          4) and pet care
d) We also talked about the industry series reports, E-Commerce, and the Survey of Business Owners.
e) We haven’t yet talked about the change to the definitions of many Metropolitan Areas, and the addition of a new class of areas, called Micropolitan Areas....

## 1997

**Notes:**

In order to explain micropolitan areas, let’s first look at metropolitan areas as defined for the 1997 Economic Census, shown here in light green for _New Mexico_, and in the next slide in dark green.  

## 2002

**Notes:**
As a result of Census 2000 and the new criteria implemented by OMB in 2003, the Farmington metro area wa created and Torrance County was added to the Albuquerque MSA.  Meanwhile the Santa Fe MSA lost Los Alimos county.

The big change in the map was that over half of the remaining counties became part of a micropolitan statistical area (shown in light green).

Micro areas are defined with the same kind of criteria as metro areas, but they have a smaller core population, as little as 10,000, in contrast to the 50,000 cutoff for the core of metropolitan areas.

Micropolitan areas will be included everywhere we publish data for metropolitan areas, and that means that there will be data for more areas in certain sectors that previously had data only down to the metropolitan area level:  utilities, transportation and warehousing, and finance and insurance.

## Slide 75

## Slide 76

**Notes:**
So where would you find these maps?

In the Guide to the Economic Census, there is a link for “Geography”, and from there you can go to “Maps”.

## Slide 77

**Notes:**
And there you will find maps for each state, county and metro area, providing much more detail than we have ever before offered in connection with the Economic Census.

## Slide 78

**Notes:**
Under _New Mexico_ we can pull down a list of metropolitan areas, select _Santa Fe_ and click “Go”.

<<click Go next to New Mexico metro areas>>

## Slide 79

**Notes:**
This rather complicated map shows 
the 2002 boundaries of the Sante Fe metropolitan statistical area in a light border,
The 2002 boundaries of the Sante Fe-Espanola consolidated statistical area in a heavy border,
And the boundaries of metropolitan areas as of 1997 in different shadings.
You can see that Sante Fe county and Los Alamos county are shown with the same background color, indicating that, back in 1997, these two counties were in the same metropolitan area.  For 2002, the Sante Fe metropolitan area lost Los Alamos County, and thus metro area data for the two years are not comparable.
It is a complicated map, but it clearly explains a complicated reality.

## TheEconomic Census:Accessing the Data

**Notes:**
That completes our survey of the various Economic Census products.

Now _____ will take us through the various ways we can access and use the data.

## Media

**Conventional**
**Printed reports (only a few)**
**PDFs on the Internet**
**“****Print-on-Demand” reports**** **
**Databases**
**On CD-ROM (1997) or DVD-ROM (2002)**
**On Internet--via American Factfinder**** **
**Drill-down tables on the Internet**** **

**Notes:**
By now you are well aware that there are only a few printed reports issued from the Economic Census.
But most data series are still available in page-formatted form, in PDF files on the Internet.  
      It may be that you still long for good-old tables in print. Adobe Acrobat allows you to print out single pages or whole reports, and the result coming out of your printer will look just about as good as the printed reports you used to buy from the Government Printing Office.

Now, let’s talk about the data available on CD-ROM and as database on American FactFinder, or in other forms on the Internet.

## American FactFinder and DVD-ROM

***Free***
***No waiting for a new disc***
***No installation***
***Works with UNIX and******   Mac, not just Windows***

**No internet hookup**
**Faster retrieval **
**Extra functionality**
**More export formats **
**  ****flat ASCII, dbf, 123**
**No limits on exports**
**Includes 97 SIC data**
**Includes 97 ZIP data**

**AFF Advantages         CD / DVD Advantages**

**Notes:**
Users who want Economic Census data in a form they can manipulate have two main choices.  They can get the data on-line with the American FactFinder system, or they can buy the data on CD-ROM or DVD-ROM.
With all of these data free on the Internet, why would you want the data on CD or DVD?  After all, with 
American Factfinder
	There is no delay waiting for the next quarterly disc to come out, and no delay waiting for the shipment to arrive once you place your order.]
	FactFinder is free (The most popular DVD-ROM subscription costs $300 for 2002.)
	No installation
	Works with UNIX and Mac, not just Windows

But the 1997 CD-ROMs or the 2002 DVD-ROMs still have a number of advantages
	No internet hookup (handy if you are using a laptop)
	Faster retrieval, particularly important if you are working with large quantities of data.
	Some extra functionality, such as more types of preformatted reports, and a more flexible search system.
	More export formats including ‘flat’ ASCII, dbf, 123
There is no limitation on the size of the export (FactFinder limits most reports to 15,000 lines)
Finally, FactFinder did not include some of the databases issued for 1997.  For 2002, that difference will disappear.

## www.census.gov

*www.census.gov*

**Notes:**
I will illustrate FactFinder in a few minutes.

But first, let’s look at the easiest way to get to the data.
On the census home page, click on “Economic Census” right next to the big “Business” heading.

## Slide 84

**Notes:**
In the main (white) column, under “Drill-down tables”, we select 2002 data by NAICS and click on the down-arrow.

## Slide 85

**Notes:**
In one click we have national data.

Let’s look at New Mexico...
<<click on the little down arrow next to Select a state>>

## Slide 86

**Notes:**
...picking New Mexico on the “select a state” list, and clicking GO.

## Slide 87

**Notes:**
The first thing that is evident is that not all numbers have been filled in in this table.  “Y” means the data have not Yet been published.

Another important qualification is shown at the top: “Table includes only establishments of firms with payroll.  Nonemployers are shown separately.”  It’s easy, so let’s just see where the Nonemployers link takes us.

<<click on “Nonemployers”>>

## Slide 88

**Notes:**
Fortunately we find a parallel table with statistics and functionality that match up to the data for employers.  Nonemployers and employers are additive, even though the data come from two different sources.

Let’s return to the employer page.

## Slide 89

**Notes:**
From here we can select any county, city or metropolitan area in the state.  Let’s look at Albuquerque.

<<Click the GO button next to _New Mexico_ places>>

## Slide 90

**Notes:**
Next to the geographic area name is a link to a map, which opens in a new window.

<<click on Map icon>>

## Slide 91

**Notes:**
This map shows the boundaries of Albuquerque as of the reference date of the Economic Census:  January 1, 2002.  The map also shows all other places in the county that meet economic census criteria—that they had at least 2,500 inhabitants as of 2000.

## Slide 92

**Notes:**
Among the figures published to date, we can see that the sector with the highest receipts, payroll, and employment is  Retail Trade.  For more detail, we can drill down into any sector.  Let's take a closer look at Retail Trade. 
<<Click on down arrow next to 44-45 Retail Trade>>

## Slide 93

**Notes:**
<<Click on down arrow next to 44-45 Retail Trade>>
This page gives us the 12 subsectors within Retail Trade, and let's us drill down to individual industries.  Let's look at Motor vehicle dealers.
<<Click on down arrow next to 441>>

## Slide 94

**Notes:**
Here we have it:  New car dealers, used car dealers, RV dealers, Motor cycle dealers, and so forth.

## Slide 95

**Notes:**
Let's say we want to actually work out these figures.  At the bottom of most of these pages is a link to data in a format for downloading.  This particular one would take us to the American FactFinder system, which, unlike these simple static pages, is a sophisticated database system with data selection and specific download options.

<<click on “Data in formats for downloading”>>

## Slide 96

**Notes:**
Here are the same data in a different format inside American FactFinder.  The benefit of that is that we can now change things to suit ourselves.  Near the top is an option bar that includes “Filter Rows”...

<<hover over Filter Rows>>

## Slide 97

**Notes:**
...which, when we mouse over it, offers us the opportunity to change the geography, focus on a particular industry, show only large data values, etc.

But, for now, let’s return to the drill-down pages.

## Slide 98

**Notes:**
Back at the pages for the United States as a whole, we had a NAICS Search function in the upper right.  So, if we didn’t remember in what sector to look for greeting card publishers, we could type in “greeting” as a search term and click NAICS Search.

<<click NAICS Search>>

## Slide 99

**Notes:**
We select Greeting Card Publishers from among the options given, and make a note of the code:  511191.

<<click on 511191>>

## Slide 100

**Notes:**
We come down to 511191, and find the 2002 data for Greeting Card Publishers.

## www.census.gov

*www.census.gov*

**Notes:**
A moment ago, we got into American FactFinder through a back door, through a link provided in a drill-down table.  But let’s explore that resource going through the front door, through the link right on the Census home page.  In the middle of the left-hand, dark blue column, is a link to American FactFinder.

**Notes:**
Some of you may have already explored the American Factfinder already available on the web.
   There is a single entry point for all subject matter.  
The most efficient way to get to the data is to head straight for the “Data Sets” button
   <<click on Data Sets>>

## Slide 103

**Notes:**
The Economic Census is under the 4th tab.

<<click on Economic Census and Surveys>>

## Slide 104

**Notes:**
To see the full range of options for 2002, we need to cursor down a bit.

## Slide 105

**Notes:**
The data are accessible via
Quick Reports
Economy-Wide Key Statistics
Detailed Statistics queries

Let’s say that we want to compare sales of used merchandise stores across all counties in New Mexico.  

Used merchandise stores are an industry group in Sector 44:  Retail Trade.

<<click “Retail Trade”>>

## Slide 106

**Notes:**
We click on “Geographic Area Series: Summary Statistics:  2002”

## Slide 107

**Notes:**
Data are immediately displayed, not for an area we are interested in.

Since we want to look only at data about _New Mexico_ counties, we want to filter the rows...

<<put your cursor over “Filter Rows”>>

## Slide 108

**Notes:**
And select “by Geography”

## Slide 109

**Notes:**
Select a geographic type of “County”

<<click on county>>

## Slide 110

**Notes:**
Select the state you want counties in, then click “Add”.

<<click Add>>

## Slide 111

**Notes:**
Select “All Counties” and click “Add”.

<<click Add>>

## Slide 112

**Notes:**
Before proceeding, we could add in a state total or even counties from another state, but we will skip that for now.

The last step is to “Show Result”.

<<click “Show Result”>>

## Slide 113

**Notes:**
And the result is a list of all retail industries for all counties, starting with Bernalillo.

Now, to just look at “Gas Stations”, we are going to “Filter Rows” in the menu bar at the top.

<<hover over “Filter Rows”>>

## Slide 114

**Notes:**
We will filter rows by Industry:  2002 NAICS

<<click on 2002 NAICS>>

## Slide 115

**Notes:**
We can either select a sector and drill down from there, or use the industry search at the top.  We can enter the term “gasoline” and click “Search”.

<<click Search>>

## Slide 116

**Notes:**
That gives us a number of related industries.  We will take the broad 3-digit code, highlight it, and click Add.

<<click Add>>

## Slide 117

**Notes:**
Then click “Show Result”

<<click Show Result>>

## Slide 118

**Notes:**
That gives us our list, one row per county.  The options menu at the top allows us to select columns, to get rid of the ones that are just repetitive, or even create new columns of calculations like sales per employee.

In this case, I will demonstrate sorting the output into rank order.

<<click Sort Rows>>

## Slide 119

**Notes:**
We pull down a menu of variables to sort by and select Sales.  We also click the radio button to make the sequence descending.  Finally we click the “Update” button.

<<click Update>>

## Slide 120

**Notes:**
Now we have counties in rank order of sales.  At this point we can download the data from the Print/Download button on the menu bar.

<<click Download>>

## Slide 121

**Notes:**
We will accept the defaults to create a comma-delimited file and click “OK”.

<<click OK>>

## Slide 122

**Notes:**
At this point the dialogue will vary depending on what browser we are using.  My setup will allow me do open a .csv file directly in Excel.

<<click OK>>

## Slide 123

**Notes:**
And here we are with the same data in Excel, not as pretty, but ready for us to reformat or manipulate to our hearts content.

Are there questions about this process of extracting data in AFF?  

There are admittedly a lot of steps to go through, but they are justified by the kind of power you get as a result.

## www.census.gov

*www.census.gov*

**Notes:**
Back at the main web site

Let’s click on “Economic Census”

## Slide 125

**Notes:**
There is another important tool on the Economic Census page I want to draw your attention to.  Under the box outlined in red is the “Industry Statistics Sampler”.  We can type in a key word or NAICS code.  Let’s enter “software” and click NAICS Search.

## Slide 126

**Notes:**
This brings up a list of index entries and the industries associated with each.  
Let’s take a closer look at the data available for Software Publishers by clicking on its NAICS code.
<<click on 511210>>

## Slide 127

**Notes:**
This display starts with a link to the 2002 Industry Series report.  But most of the rest of the page is still devoted to 1997 data, but that will change as more 2002 data are released.  The 1997 numbers include the applicable NAICS hierarchy, and below that, is the paragraph-style definition of the industry.  Other features include the applicable part of the Bridge between NAICS and SIC—which shows, in this case, that this NAICS corresponds directly to one SIC code, for complete comparability.
  Lower down on the page are state data, but we can jump to it using the menu bar.
<<click on States>>

## Slide 128

**Notes:**
Here the states are presented in rank order based on the total sales.

## Slide 129

**Notes:**
Toward the bottom of the same page are links to other data from 1997, in both PDF reports and “drill-down” hypertext tables.
Also shown are links to other Census Bureau programs with data for this industry, sources for more recent data and, in some cases, characteristics beyond the scope of the Economic Census for most industries, like capital expenditures.

If you are looking for data more frequent than the 5-year economic census for a specific industry, this is the most efficient way to find it—by looking up the industry and coming down to this table, then going to the original documents.

## Census Economic Datafor Local Areas

- 5-year intervals
- Economic Census
- Survey of Business Owners
- Annual
- County Business Patterns
- Nonemployer Statistics
- Annual Survey of Manufactures
- Statistics of U.S. Business

**Notes:**
Of course, many of those data sets with detailed industry classification are shown only at the national level.  Still, there are several data sets that can give you data both annual and local.

## Census Economic Datafor Local Areas

- 5-year intervals
- Economic Census
- Survey of Business Owners
- Census of Governments
- Annual
- County Business Patterns
- Nonemployer Statistics
- Annual Survey of Manufactures
- Statistics of U.S. Business
- Governments: CFFR, Employment, Finance
- Monthly
- Imports and Exports
- Building Permits

## www.census.gov

*www.census.gov*

**Notes:**
From the Census home page you can click on the main heading Business.

## Slide 133

**Notes:**
The table of “Programs with national and subnational data” lists 8 programs, and, on the right, links directly to data -- where available -- for states, metro areas, counties, cities, and ZIP codes.
One of those programs with unique content is the Statistics of U.S. Business.
<<click on the 2001 in the U.S. column, in the row for Statistics of U.S. Business>>

## Slide 134

**Notes:**
This is the most comprehensive source of information about small business.  Firms are classified by the number of employees in the entire enterprise.  Data include total employment and payroll.  You can see, for example, that about half of the 114 million employees in all firms are in 17,000 firms with 500 or more employees (almost 57 million).  There are millions of firms with under 10 employees, but there aggregate impact is much smaller.
These data are also shown, in somewhat less detail, by year, by state, and by industry.  Metro area data can also be obtained in a downloadable spreadsheet.

## Statistics of U.S. Businesses

- Firms with paid employees

- Firms by employment size by NAICS
- allows you to define “small business”
- Geography
- US
- States
- Metropolitan areas

## Slide 136

**Notes:**
Another source of data for metropolitan areas is County Businesses Patterns, even though we wouldn't have guessed from the title.
    We can go straight to the data if we click on the year in the appropriate data cell.
<<click on 2001 in the metro column in the row for County Business Patterns>>

## Slide 137

**Notes:**
We click the GO button next to “Metro Business Patterns” to select by MSA

## Slide 138

**Notes:**
And pick out _Albuquerque, NM_
       <<click on Submit>>

## Slide 139

**Notes:**
The MSA Business Patterns are formatted a little differently from the economic census pages, but much of the same functionality is still there.
You can click on one of the "Detail" buttons on the left to go to finer industry breakdowns, much like the down arrow on the census pages.
What is most significantly different is that there are no sales or receipts figures.
County Business Patterns has data on employment, payroll, and the number of establishments, like the census, but only the census has sales or receipts.

## County Business Patterns

- P1998 - 2002 - reported by 1997 NAICS
- P2003 and future - reported by 2002 NAICS

*Establishments, employment and payroll*
*No sales or receipts*

**Notes:**
County Business Patterns comes up with annual employment and payroll figures based on records from the payroll tax system, supplemented by our Company Organization Survey, but it gets its detailed industry classification of each establishment from the Economic Census.  That means that industry classifications are updated only once every 5 years, starting with the year after the Economic Census.  Thus, the new 2002 NAICS codes discussed in the earlier presentation, the ones used for the 2002 Economic Census, won’t show up in County Business Patterns until the publication of 2003 data.  2003 data, incidentally, are due out this summer.

## Annual Survey of Manufactures

- Establishments with paid employees

**Notes:**
Annual Survey of Manufactures, on the other hand, is a big survey.  It produces statistics for detailed industries at the national level, and for broader (4-digit) industry categories for states.

## Slide 142

**Notes:**
We mentioned Nonemployer Statistics before, available every year based on income tax returns of self-employed people.

This page provides you with a highly useful summary of what data are available below the national level.

## www.census.gov

*www.census.gov*

**Notes:**
There you have it, a wide range of tools available to you at the Census Bureau web site, especially the Economic Census.

## 2002 Economic Census

- Paul Zeisset
- 1-301-763-4151
- 1-877-790-1876
- econ@census.gov

- http://www.census.gov/econ/census02/guide/slides/sp-ec02-nm05.ppt

**Notes:**
Are there any questions?

[[Repeat the question before answering it!!]]

## END OF SHOW

- Following slides are left over from previous presentations

## www.census.gov

*www.census.gov*

**Notes:**
Before we close, I want to make sure you are familiar with another important tool at the census website.

## Slide 147

**Notes:**
We select Mississippi...
       <<click on Mississippi>>

## Slide 148

**Notes:**
...and immediately get a profile for the state.  We can select a county in any of three ways.
we could view a map and click on the county
and we could select with a pull-down menu
But let's say we don't know what county Biloxi is in, so we will Locate a county by place name
          <<click on Place Search>>

## Slide 149

**Notes:**
We can enter Biloxi (misspelling it).
       <<click on GO>>

## Slide 150

**Notes:**
...Then click on the county name to complete the selection.
       <<click on Harrison County>>

## Slide 151

**Notes:**
The Harrison county profile has a variety of statistics about people
       <<click on the slider bar on the right, toward the bottom>>

## Slide 152

**Notes:**
and business and geography.  The business statistics are not nearly as detailed as we were looking for, but back up at the top of the page...

## Which economic programs 

** ****County Business****    Patterns**
** ****Nonemployer Stats**
** ****Economic Census**
** ****Minority- & Women-****    Owned Businesses**
** ****Building Permits**
** ****Cons.Federal Funds**
** ****Governments**

***Which economic programs ***
***have local data?***

## Building Permits

-  Covers 21,000 permit-issuing places (where 95% of population lives)
-  Monthly
- Permits--Not Starts

## Consolidated Federal Funds Report

-  Covers counties & receiving jurisdictions
-  Annual
- Payments
- Grants
- Procurement
- Salaries

## Slide 156

**Notes:**
we can link to more data sets for the county.
       <<click Browse data sets for Harrison County, Mississippi>>

## Slide 157

**Notes:**
 And here we have, for Harrison county, People QuickLinks, Business Quicklinks, and Geography QuickLinks.

Note that the Business QuickLinks include each of the data sets we have talked about today:
The Econommic Census by NAICS
the minority- and women-owned business data
County Business Patterns
Nonemployer Statistics
...plus the Consolidated Federal Funds report
Clicking on any of these links would take us to the same types of pages we visited earlier.
          <<click on NAICS under Economic Census>

## Slide 158

**Notes:**
And here we are back at the Economic Census drill-down tables.

## Census Economic Datafor Local Areas

- 5-year intervals
- Economic Census
- Survey of Business Owners
- Annual
- County Business Patterns
- Nonemployer Statistics
- Annual Survey of Manufactures
- Statistics of U.S. Business

## www.census.gov

*www.census.gov*

**Notes:**

From the Census home page you can click on the main heading Business.

## Slide 161

**Notes:**
The table of “Programs with national and subnational data” lists 8 programs, and, on the right, links directly to data -- where available -- for states, metro areas, counties, cities, and ZIP codes.

Links in the far left take you to the most current data, organized by sector. 

At the top of the page is a link to the latest economic indicator.  It changes every few days as new indicators are released, but it introduces the fact that the Census Bureau publishes a number of the ...  

## NAICS to SIC  -  SIC to NAICS

**Notes:**
The web site allows you to look at correspondence from both the NAICS and SIC perspective.
   In this consolidated presentation, one can click on the SIC code, and that brings up the SIC to NAICS correspondence table at the bottom.  There we can see what happened to the other part of SIC 2771.  The SIC was broken into 5 industries representing different printing technologies, and a sixth for publishing, that is, content development and marketing.

## Slide 163

**Notes:**
By clicking on the NAICS code instead of the SIC code, you can get to narrative definitions of each NAICS category, as well as to listings of the index entries that might bring you to this category.

The correspondence tables are very useful, but when an industry is split or made up of parts of other industries, they don’t tell you how important each component is.  This table tells you that one component of the new Book Publishers NAICS code is technical manuals and books, which used to be part of SIC 2741.  This table doesn’t tell you how important technical manuals are relative to other parts of the book publishing industry—coming from  SIC 2731.

We can get that information from the Bridge Between NAICS and SIC, linked right here.

<<click on “Bridge between NAICS and SIC”>>

## Slide 164

**Notes:**
The advance report covers the main economic census universe—establishments with paid employees.  What that scope leaves out we call “nonemployers”, and we have also issued an advance report on that universe too.

<<point to advance report tables>>

## Nonemployers grew faster than employers in many service-related industries (1997 to 2002)
More than 10% of receipts in some sectors
Economy-wide 3.5% of receipts

- More than 10% of receipts in some sectors
- Economy-wide 3.5% of receipts

* **Advance **Nonemployer Statistics*

**Notes:**
The Advance Nonemployer Statistics reveals that in many service-related industries, nonemployers grew faster than their counterparts with paid employees.

In the real estate and rental and leasing sector, nonemployers account for nearly a third of all receipts, and there are a few other sectors where nonemployers represent more than 10 percent.

Still across the whole economy, their contribution is less than 4 percent on average.

## Timetable

**Notes:**
There is a separate link to an overall schedule of 2002 reports.

<<click on link at bottom>>

## Geographic Area Series

**State, MA, county, places**
**except construction, mining, management (state only)**
**except utilities, transportation, finance (state & MA)**** **
**Separate reports for each sector**** **
**Reports issued state by state in pdf**
**Reports merged on CD-ROM & Internet**

**Notes:**
The Geographic Area Series will start with a handful of reports in December, but won’t be complete until the third quarter of 2005.
As initially issued in pdf, there will be separate reports for each sector and state.  
Fortunately, when issued in electronic form on CD-ROM and other forms on the Internet, the data are merged across all available industries and areas.

The level of detail is, though, not the same for all sectors

## Slide 168

## Slide 169

## Slide 170

## Slide 171

## 2002 Advance SBO vs 1997 SMOBEnot comparable

|  |  | Owners
2002 | Firms
1997 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Universe |  | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Minorities, total |  | 11.7 | 11.6 |
|   Black |  | 1.6 | 1.8 |
|   Hispanic |  | 3.9 | 4.0 |
|   Am. Indian & A.N. |  | 0.5 | 0.6 |
|   Asian |  | 5.9 | 5.4 |
|   Hawaiian & P.I. |  | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Women |  | 26.5 | 16.0 |

## Ownership data exclude “publicly held, foreign owned, or nonprofit”

**Notes:**
Now these excluded companies have a rather high impact on the economy, accounting for over half of all receipts.  But you really wouldn’t want to include General Motors among women-owned businesses even if a majority of its stock were held by females at any one moment.  And you wouldn’t want to count Toyota in your tallies of Asian-owned firms.  In reality it is this group [solid turquoise bar] of corporations that are being added to the universe of minority- and women-owned firms.

## Slide 174

**Notes:**
Due to budget limitations, mining and construction are published only to the state levels.  Management of companies and enterprises is similarly limited in geographic detail.
Utilities, transportation and warehousing, and finance and insurance publish data for the U.S., states, and metro areas, but not counties and cities.

## Slide 175

**Notes:**
On this special page comparing nonemployers and employers we can find this area's used car dealers,
■  and in the righthand columns we can see again that the 44 employers had 34 million in sales.
■  The dark shaded columns show the nonemployers not included in that figure:  145 dealers with 17 million in sales.  The fact that nonemployers had sales half as large as the employers, making up about a third of the total, shows how important nonemployers are in the used car industry.
■  Looking at all retail trade, nonemployers account for 76 million out of the 2.9 billion total for all taxable firms, or less than 3 percent.
Now we go back to the more detailed data for employers.

## Slide 176

**Notes:**
But if the data you want to download is on the page you are looking at, there may be a simpler solution.  Here, I have returned to the broadest summary of data for this area.  We are going to save this page as a web page to our own computer.
       <<click on "File">>

## Slide 177

**Notes:**
We use our browser's "File...Save As" feature...

## Slide 178

**Notes:**
..to save this page to our own computer, leaving it in html format.

Now we open our spreadsheet software.

## Slide 179

**Notes:**
Excel does a really good job of reading in web pages and letting them look not a lot different from the way they looked on the web.  But now we can make calculations.

## Slide 180

**Notes:**
I have separately imported the same data from the U.S. page, and have copied the Sales and Receipts column from the U.S. page to the spreadsheet with this metro area's data.
I have also added a column showing this metropolitan area as a percent of the U.S.
Manufacturing here represents 15 hundredths of a percent of the national total
Retailing here represents 11 hundredths of a percent of the U.S.
Separately, I calculated that the Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula metro area accounted for 13 hundredths of a percent of the population in 2000.

There is one figure on this page that is really out of line: Taxable Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation accounts for over a full percent of the national total.  The aggregate receipts are not that great--902 million, making it only the fourth largest sector total, well behind manufacturing and retailing--but the share of the US is quite striking.

(So what is the artistic or cultural attraction that is booming in Biloxi?)

## Slide 181

**Notes:**
A similar analysis within the Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation sector shows that the outstanding industry is gambling--specifically Casinos.  This metro area accounts for over 5.5 percent of the national receipts from casinos, not counting casino hotels.

## Slide 182

**Notes:**
Back to the web page...
       One of the frustrations users frequently report is that most Economic Census data do not include totals for all industries.  So let's see what else may be available to us.
       <<click on the Economic Census logo>>

## Slide 183

**Notes:**
In the list of six datasets featured for the 1997 Economic Census, in the blue column on the right, is the Survey of Minority- and Women-Owned Business Enterprises.
       <<click on Minority- and Women-Owned Businesses>>

## Slide 184

**Notes:**
Once again, the national data come up first, from which we can select a metropolitan area...
       <<click on the down arrow next to "Select metro area">>

## Slide 185

**Notes:**
Specifically "Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula"
       <<click GO>>

## Slide 186

**Notes:**
And the result shows us the distribution of minority-owned business, both employers (in the right four columns) and all businesses including nonemployers.
    The largest minority category in this area, in terms of receipts, is Asian and Pacific Islander-owned businesses.
    What I want you to notice, though, is that this page gives a total across all industries, something not included in the regular Economic Census pages.  The reference year is the same.  The scope of industries in this survey is slightly larger than that of the Economic Census, but these figures still give you total private employment and receipts figures you don't get elsewhere.

## Slide 187

**Notes:**
So let's see what other jewels the Economic Census page has for us.
  “1997 and 1992 data by SIC” catches my eye.
          <<click on 1997 and 1992 data by SIC>>

## Slide 188

**Notes:**
Comparative Statistics are very handy because they allow us to assess growth.
There is more to this than just comparing 1997 publications and 1992 publications, because all 1992 data were classified according to the Standard Industrial Classification or SIC system.  1997 data were published mostly on the new NAICS basis, but for this one publication, 1997 data were reclassified according to the old system so that we could make 1992 to 1997 comparisons.
Unfortunately, there is no metro area menu here.  These data were published only for the U.S. and states.

## 2002 Economic Census Conferences

- Objectives

- Inform new users
- Availability and value of business data
- Inform experienced users
- New features, comparability, qualifications
- Set the stage for 2007 promotion
- Gain insights from contacts

## 2002 Economic Census Conferences

- Planning

- Conferences in 10-15 cities
- primarily June to Sep 2005
- Two possible half-day formats
- Slide-lecture
- Slide-lecture + hands-on

## 2002 Economic Census Conferences

- Responsibilities

- Census
- 2 speakers and handouts
- On-line registration
- Local sponsor
- Provide a venue
- Recruit attendees
- Refreshments, if any