# Presentation: 344287

## MSW LANDFILL MACT STANDARD DEVELOPMENT

- SWANA’s 22nd Annual Landfill Gas Symposium
- March 22-25, 1999
- Michele Laur
- Emission Standards Division
- US Environmental Protection Agency

## MSW LANDFILL MACT STANDARD DEVELOPMENT

**I.****	****Introduction and Opening Remarks**
**II.****	****Regulatory Background**
**III.****	**** Overview of MACT Development Process**

## I.	Introduction and Opening Remarks

## II.  Regulatory Background

**Clean Air Act ****Section 112 Requirements /****MACT Standards**

## Section 112 Overview

-  General goal of Section 112:  to reduce 			 emissions of toxic air pollutants from _all_ 		 affected sources to the levels achieved by 		 the best performing affected sources
-  Performance or technology based approach 	 to regulation
-  _Not_ risk management or public exposure 			 approach

## Section 112 Overview (cont.)

-  Regulates hazardous air pollutants (HAP)
-  188 pollutants are listed
-  Based on maximum achievable control 		technology (MACT)

## Section 112 Overview (cont.)

-  MACT applies to major sources of 				emissions
- > 10 tpy of any single HAP
- > 25 tpy total HAP
** **“Area” sources (i.e., non-major sources) 		also considered for regulation under 112

## MACT Definition

- The maximum degree of reduction in HAP emissions the Administrator determines is achievable, considering the cost of achieving the reduction and any non-air-quality health and environmental impacts and energy requirements [see § 112(d)(2)].

## MACT Floor Definition

- For New Sources [see § 112(d)(3)]:
-  The emission control achieved in practice by the 	best controlled similar source.
- For Existing Sources:
-  The average emission limitation achieved by the 	best performing 12% of existing sources if 30 or 	more sources / facilities [see § 112(d)(3)(A)], or
-  The average emission limitation achieved by the 	best performing 5 of the existing sources if 			fewer than 30 sources / facilities

## III.  Overview of MACT 		Development Process

## MACT Development Process

- Determine Presumptive MACT (PMACT)
- Determine MACT Floor
-  Identify alternatives _more_ stringent than floor
-  Consider costs, health, environmental and 			energy requirements of _alternatives more __	__	__	__stringent_ than MACT floor
-  Determine MACT
-  Propose regulations / public comment
-  Promulgate regulation

## Presumptive MACT (PMACT)

- Definition
-  An estimate of  MACT based on available data 	that can be obtained quickly
- Purpose
-  To assist agencies, industry and the public in Section 112(g) case-by-case MACT determinations and with Section 112(j) hammer provision standard
-  To enhance up front planning (i.e., identify issues to be resolved early in the process)
-  To make recommendations for the proposed 		regulatory path

## Determine MACT Floor

- Review Information
-  Collect and review available information
-  Consider how information could be used to 		determine MACT floor
- Generally use some combination of the 		following:
-  Source test emission data
-  Technology or hardware in use
-  State regulations or permits

## Potential Standard Format

- Percent reduction (e.g., 95% HAP reduction)
- Emission limit (e.g., 20 ppm)
- Combination emission limit & percent reduction (e.g., 95% reduction or 20 ppm)
- Limit on HAP content in waste stream
- Design, equipment, work practice or operational standard

## Potential Standard Options

- All HAP (as defined in rule)
- Designated HAP (e.g., NMOC as surrogate for all HAP)

## Identify Alternatives

-  MACT may be more stringent than MACT 	floor
-  Identify control techniques and achievable 	emission levels
-  Develop regulatory alternatives _more_ 			stringent than floor (if achievable)

## Estimate & Consider Impacts of Alternative

-  Emission reduction
-  Cost of control
-  Non-air quality health and environmental 	impacts
-  Energy requirements
-  Economic impacts
-  Benefits

## Develop Proposal Package

-  Draft and Revise
-  Preamble
-  Regulation
-  Appropriate reviews within Agency, OMB
-  Address other executive orders and Acts: 		SBREFA, Unfunded Mandates, RFA, 		PRA, ...

## Propose Regulations / Public Comment

-  Propose rule in Federal Register
-  Public comment period / hearing if 			requested
-  Summarize public comments
-  Address public comments
-  Consider comments
-  Revise databases /reanalyze if substantive new information is presented
-  Prepare written comment responses

## Promulgate Regulations

-  Brief management on comments and 			possible changes to proposed rules
- Promulgate rule in Federal Register

## MACT Compliance and Effective Dates

- Effective date is publication in the FR.
- Compliance date for existing affected sources is 3 years after effective date for installation of add-on control device.
- Compliance date for existing affected sources may be less if new add-on control device is not needed for compliance.
- Compliance date for new affected source is upon startup.

## Issues Under Consideration

- Landfill surface emissions
- Leachate emissions
- Petroleum contaminated soil emissions

## Landfill HAPs

- 1,1,2,2-Tetracholorethane
- Acrylonitrile
- Benzene
- Carbon Disulfide
- Carbon Tetrachloride
- Carbonyl Sulfide
- Chlorobenzene

- Chloroform
- Ethyl Chloride
- Ethylbenzene
- Ethylene Dichloride
- Ethylidene Dichloride
- Hexane
- Mercury Compounds

## Landfill HAPs

- Methyl Chloroform
- Methyl Ethyl Ketone
- Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
- Methylene Chloride
- Polychlorinated Biphenyls
- POM as 16-PAH
- Propylene Dichloride

- Tetrachloroethylene
- Toluene
- Trichloroethylene
- Vinyl Chloride
- Vinylidene Chloride
- Xylene

## Landfill MACT Schedule

## Rule Development Information Sites

- _NSPS Landfill Webpage_-- http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/landfill/landflpg.html
- _MACT Landfill Webpage_--http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/landfill/rdlandfl.html
- _E-mail Address_--laur.michele@epa.gov
- _Mailing Address_--MD 13, RTP, NC 27711
- _Phone Number_--(919)541-5256