# Presentation: 938314

## Petroleum, Oils and Lubricants In the ArmyOn-Going Projects

- Luis A. Villahermosa
- Team Leader, Fuels and Lubricants Technology Team
- Petroleum and Water Business Area
- Development Group, US Army TACOM
- (810) 574-4207
- villahel@tacom.army.mil

## Outline

- Organization
- Projects
- Biodegradable Grease
- Biodegradable Hydraulic Fluid
- STO - Advanced Fuels and Lubricants
- Alternative Fuels
- Waste oil Reutilization
- STO - POL Condition Monitoring
- Some Past Projects

## Organization

_***LOCATION***_**	****Warren, MI**
_***STRENGTH***__***	***_**48 Government**

**Petroleum****and Water****Quality**

**Steve Moyer**

**Inland****Petroleum****Distribution****System**

**Chitta Das**

**Water and****Wastewater****Treatment**

**Bob Shalewitz**

**Fuel****and Water****Handling**

**Fred Balling**

**1500 GPH ****TWPS**

**Drew Downing**

**Fuels****and ****Lubricants**

**Luis Villahermosa**

**Associate****Director**

**Tom Bagwell**

## Organization Focus

**WATER TREATMENT**

**WASTEWATER ****TECHNOLOGY**

**FUEL AND ****WATER HANDLING**

**PETROLEUM AND ****WATER QUALITY**

**FUELS ****AND LUBRICANTS**

**Membranes and Elements**
**Pre-Treatment**
**Post-Treatment**
**New Technology**

**NBC Contamination**
**Recycle/Reuse**
**Hospital Waste**

**Storage and Distribution**
**Pumps**
**Fabric Tanks**
**Nozzles**
**Refueling**
**Hoseline**
**Pipelines**

**Test Kits**
**Mobile Labs**
**Analysis/Surveillance**
**Health Standards**
**Filter Separation**

**Environmentally-Friendly,              Biodegradable Products**
**All powertrain products**
**Hydraulic Fluids**
**Engine Oils & Gear Lubricants**
**Greases**
**Lubricants, Solid Film, General Purpose**
**Coolants, **
**Support Contract With SWRI**

**WATER TREATMENT**

**WASTEWATER ****TECHNOLOGY**

**FUEL AND ****WATER HANDLING**

**PETROLEUM AND ****WATER QUALITY**

**FUELS ****AND LUBRICANTS**

## POL Projects

## Biodegradable Grease

- Current GAA
*95% synthetic - around 5% from diluent oil in additives*
*Excellent high and low temperature properties.*
*100hrs bearing test is required.*
*OEMs indicated this is equivalent to 100K miles operation*
*No biodegradable or toxicity requirement *
- Other than standard carcinogenicity statement
- Biodegradable Grease.
*Same performance as current GAA*
*100% synthetic*
*Biodegradability requirement**. **Using ASTM D 5864*

## Biodegradable Grease

- Completed the development of target requirements of BLG
- Developed formulation guideline for BLG
- Formulated and evaluated BLG product
*Conducted field demonstration using military vehicles at Fort Hood and Bliss , TX*
*Conducted field biodegradation test at Fort Hood.*
- Published a technical paper to NLGI Spokesman Journal
- Start revision of GAA spec 3Q01.

## Biodegradation Test Results

## Field Demonstration Vehicles

**Inspection of Field Sample**

## Field Demonstrations (Biodegradation)

- Field Soil Biodegradation Test was Setup at Ft. Hood’s Bioremediation Sites
- Synthetic BLG-3 Sample Tested With MIL-PRF-10924G Grease As a Reference Sample
- Field Sample Was Analyzed Using EPA Method 413.2, Spectrophotometric, Infrared for Total Hydrocarbon From Wastes.

## Field BiodegradationTest Results

**Field Biodegradation****Test Results**

- 1.E+00

- 1.E+01

- 1.E+02

- 1.E+03

- 1.E+04

- 1.E+05

- 1.E+06

- 0

- 1

- 2

- 3

- 4

- 5

- Month

- Oil Concentration in Soil (ppm)

- MIL-PRF-10924G

- BLG-3

## Biodegradable Hydraulic FluidBHF

- Industry has developed BHFs which are more biodegradable than currently used hydraulic fluids.
- Two types of Biodegradable Hydraulic Fluids are commercially available  (i.e., Vegetable based, Synthetic Ester based).
- Initial target was MIL-H-46001 - Industrial Hydraulic Fluids.

## BHF Field Demonstration

- Field tests - Ten pieces of construction equipment ( i.e., scoop loaders, dump trucks, etc.) at Fort Bliss, TX.
- Five (5) BHFs (i.e., rapeseed oil, canola oil, soybean oil, polyol ester, and diester) selected as field demonstration samples.
- Duration of tests is one (1) year. Completed on  October, 1998.
- Results - all BHF samples provided excellent service.

## BHF Summary

- Biodegradable hydraulic fluids are currently available.
- All BHFs are readily biodegradable and less toxic products.
- Biobased BHFs limited in operation temperature ranges.
- Synthetic fluids showed wide operational capability.
- Eleven (11) BHFs closely met target requirements.
- Field demonstration completed October 1998.
- BHFs work well in construction equipment.
- BHF implemented under MIL-PRF-32073.

## FRH and OHT Improvements

- FRH and OHT - MIL-PRF-46170 & MIL-PRF-6083
- Hydraulic Fluids used in Tactical Combat Systems.
*FRH is a fire resistance and OHT is low temperature*
*FRH is synthetic; OHT is petroleum.*
*OHT is very flammable*
*FRH could benefit from improved low temperature properties*
- OHT Improvement goals - Short term Goals
*Improve fire-resistance 100% *
*Require biodegradability - degrade 60% in 28 days**.*
- FRH Improvement goals
*Improve biodegradability - Short Term Goal*
*Improve low temperature - Long Term Goal.*

## FRH and OHT Improvements

- Improvements goals will not sacrifice performance.
- Expect improvements to OHT by just moving to a synthetic product.
- Currently working on biodegradability improvements
*Received around 6 samples so far which uses biobased oils, synthetic oils using biobased as raw materials, and synthetic products.*
- Short Term goals have  target date is FY02

## STO No. TAR-13Advanced Fuels and Lubricants

- Advanced lube products that will increase fuel economy by 3% minimum
- Increase oil sump operating temperatures to 300°F from 250 °F
*To improve engine efficiency and reduce maintenance.*
- Increase Oil Change Interval to reduce maintenance requirements by 50%
- Target Goal for FY2004
- POL road map is being completed. Screener Testing contracted with TFLRF (SwRI).

## Advanced Fuels and Lubricants 

**Key goal: Develop Advanced Fuels and Lubricants to improved vehicle performance**
**Requirements:**
**Fuel Economy: ****	****	****Increase by 3% min.**
**Oil Sump Temperature:****	****	****Increase to 300°F**
**Maintenance:****	****	****	****Decrease by 50%**
**Drain Interval:****	****	****Increase time between drain by 50%**
**Enhance Fuel Energy:****	****	****Increase by 6-15%?**
**Timeframe:**
**Development complete beginning FY04**

## 20% BIO-DIESEL (B-20)

- The PD is being verified in TARDEC’s Fuels Laboratory; deficiencies found in winter grade B20
- Two-phase program: Phase 1 concludes with decision whether to pursue a fleet test
- A CID has been distributed for review and comment
- Based on our lab work, we will recommend that all pure biodiesels have stabilizer additives

_**Return on Investment:**_

**Funding (Gov’t/Ind):**
**Phase 1:  $163K w/o salaries; $43 to-date**
**Phase 2:  (contingent)  $265K**

_**Description:**_** **

_**Application/Customer:**_

_**Objective:**_

_**Contractors/Partners:**_

_**Scheduling & Funding:**_

**20% BIO-DIESEL (B-20)**

- TFLRF-SwRI
- TARDEC Fuels and Lubricant Team
- National Biodiesel Board

**Enable federal agencies and offices to buy and use B-20 products with acceptable properties.**

- Non-tactical vehicles
- GSA fleets
- Federal Non-GSA fleets
- State and Municipal fleets

- Greatly increased Army compliance with EPACT requirements and Executive Orders governing federal alternative fuel vehicle usage without vehicle modifications or purchases, while assuring fleet integrity.

## Natural Gas To Liquid (GTL) JP-8

_**Focus areas:**_
-  Develop test formulations
- • Evaluate DOE UCTF products
- • Identify legacy fleet fuel system concerns
- • Demonstrate GTL fuel in military vehicles (Ft. Irwin)
- • Evaluate mobile fuel production processes
- • Develop a roadmap for qualification in aircraft (with WPAFB).

_**Problem Areas**_
- Minimal U.S. GTL synthetic crude production.
- 2+ years until DOE can provide adequate amounts of GTL JP-8 (domestic production)

_**Solutions/Recommendations:**_
- Evaluate GTL synthetics - stable products, available in quantity
- Prepare synthetic JP-8 formulations from selected available synthetics

**Natural Gas To Liquid (GTL) JP-8**
**FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUID FUELS (F-T)**

## Waste Engine Oil Reutilization

**Waste Engine Oil Reutilization**
** ****WOR**

*** ****Need:*  Reduce military costs associated with used/waste oil.
-  *Objective:*  Develop environmentally friendly, low cost system that recovers energy from used oil for vehicle use
-  *Concept:* Blend proportioned amounts of used vehicle crankcase oil and JP-8 fuel at regular oil change intervals, returning mixture to vehicle fuel tank.
* **Technology:*  Filtration/blending system

-   *Key Points:*
-  Will meet EPA today’s emission standards.
-  No degradation of vehicle components or performance.

## S&T in POL Condition Monitoring

***TODAY***:  Samples Sent to Labs for Analysis (Maintenance Time, Paperwork, Handling, Slow Response)

**    *****OBJECTIVE***:  Onboard Vehicle Smart Sensors Capable of Real-Time POL Quality Monitoring
*POLQA STO (FY00-FY04)  Investigating Technologies: Microwave, Magnetic/Electrical Induction, Conductivity, Dielectric Constant, Raman Spectroscopy, Micro-Viscosimeter, Other*
*Reducing Logistics Footprint and Support Costs*

**S&T in POL ****Condition Monitoring**

**Steve Moyer, TARDEC Petroleum Quality Technology Team, DSN786-4206**

** ****Automatic monitoring**
** ****Accurate; low false alarm rate**
** ****Simple “go/no-go” indication to operator**
** ****High reliability**
** ****Affordable **
** ****Use on legacy and future vehicles **

***Horizontal Technology Insertion (HTI)***

## Some Past Projects

**RECYCLING HYDRAULIC**
**FLUID AND ANTIFREEZE**

**P-D-680 REPLACEMENT**

**EXTENDING**
**PRESERVATIVE ****OIL - MIL-L-21260- USE **

- Extends Use of Preservative Oil Usage
- Reduce Disposal Cost & Waste
- Reduces Logistics Burden, Less Oil Needed

- USED ANTIFREEZE

- Reduces Overall Life Cycle Cost
- Reduces Cost of Buying New Fluid by Recycling Used Fluid
- Reduced Disposal Cost &Waste

- Less Toxic Products
- Odorless & Environmentally Friendly
- Less Irritant With Same Performance