# Presentation: 615376

## Foundation Body of Knowledge for Cultural Resource Management Module #1 - DAY 1

**Introduction to Historic Preservation History and Philosophy**

## WHY PRESERVE ?

## Mount Vernon Ladies Association, c. 1873

## Touro Synagogue, Newport, Rhode Island, 1765 (restored 1827-8)

## Independence Hall, (the Old State House), Philadelphia, PA 1732-56 (reconstruction/restoration efforts began in 1828, other efforts through 1976)

## Yellowstone National Park, established in 1872

## Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition of 1876

## Chickamauga and ChattanoogaNational Military Park, established  1890

## Casa Grande Ruins National Monument, 1892

## World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893

## Antiquities Act of 1906

**Authorized the President the power to create National  Monuments by proclamation to protect historic, prehistoric, and scientific objects on federally owned land.**

**Antiquities Act of 1906**

## Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities established, 1910

## National Park Service Organic Act of 1916

**National Park Service Organic Act of 1916**

## Governor’s Palace (reconstructed) at Colonial Williamsburg, a museum village, 1926 -7

## Henry Ford’s Greenfield Village, dedicated in 1929

- George Washington Birthplace National Monument, established 1930

## Charleston Historic District,  South Carolina, initiated in 1931

## The Vieux Carre, the historic French Quarter in New Orleans received a landmark designation in 1936

## Historic American Building Survey (HABS) was created in 1934

## Historic Sites Act of 1935

**Act created administrative infrastructure for historic preservation.**
**Directed the Secretary of the Interior to secure, collate and preserve drawings, plans, photographs, and data of historic and archeological sites, buildings, and objects; restore buildings; erect markers; and develop educational programs.**

**Historic Sites Act of 1935**

## The National Trust for Historic Preservation was founded, 1949

## With Heritage So Rich published, 1966

## The preservation movement’s success hinges on the idea of going beyond saving “occasional historic houses and opening museums...It must attempt to give a sense of orientation to our society, using structures and objects of the past to establish values of time and place”

- - Conclusions to the Findings, *With Heritage So Rich,* 1966

##  National Historic Preservation Act of 1966

**Congress broadened the federal government’s concept of historic preservation to include sites, objects, districts and structures of national, state,  and local significance.**
**“****The historical and cultural foundations of the nation should be preserved as a living part of our community life and development in order to give a sense of orientation to the American people.”**

## National Environmental Policy Act of 1969

**National Environmental Policy Act of 1969**

**In relationship to historic preservation, it established the **_**environmental impact statement**_** and the fact that there is a **_**continuing federal responsibility**_** to “preserve important historical, cultural, and natural aspects of our national heritage.”**

## Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Treatment of HistoricProperties

**PRESERVATION**
**REHABILITATION**
**RESTORATION**
**RECONSTRUCTION**

## Tax Incentives for Rehabilitation

** ****Tax Reform Act, 1976** established tax incentives for rehabilitation of commercial  and income-producing historic properties certified by the Secretary of the Interior.
-  **Revenue Act, 1978** established investment tax credits for rehabilitation of historic building.
-  **Economic Recovery Tax Act, 1981** established 25% tax credits for rehabilitation of historic buildings.
** ****Tax Reform Act, 1986**, cut back some of the incentives.

## The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Building

**The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Building**
*A 2-story commercial building, c. 1876 with inappropriate alterations made in the 1960s (left) was successfully rehabilitated using the Secretary of Interior Standards to it present use as a multi-shop complex with a unified façade (right)*

## The Main Street Program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation was established in 1980 as a preservation as a tool for economic revitalization

## Quincy Market, 1825, “re-developed” by Rouse Development Corporation in 1970s, the catalyst for the proliferation of the festival marketplace and boom in heritage tourism

## The 25 -year old PBS Series,  This Old House and companion newsstand magazine represent the individual homeowners growing interest in preservation

## BEGINNINGS IN PRESERVATION MOVEMENT (18th and 19th Centuries)

**England (John Ruskin)**
**France (Viollet-Le-Duc)**
**Sweden (Skansen)**

## National Parks by Region that Dovetail into Our Timeline

**Alaska Region: **
_**Sitka National Historical Park**_

## National Parks by Region that Dovetail into Our Timeline

**Pacific West Region: **
_**Yosemite National Park**_

## National Parks by Region that Dovetail into Our Timeline

**Intermountain Region: **
_**Devils Tower National Monument**_

## National Parks by Region that Dovetail into Our Timeline

**Midwest Region: **
_**Harry S. Truman National Historic Site**_

## National Parks by Region that Dovetail into Our Timeline

**Southeast Region: **
_**Andersonville National Historic Site**_

## National Parks by Region that Dovetail into Our Timeline

**National Capital Region: **
_**Manassas National Historical Park**_

## National Parks by Region that Dovetail into Our Timeline

**Northeast Region: **
_**Frederic Law Olmsted National Historic Site**_

## EXERCISE #1

**CHARACTERIZE HISTORIC PRESERVATION **
**MOVEMENT: PRE-WWII AND POST-WWII**
**Turn to Page 27 in Your Course Participant Guide for Instructions.**

## DEFINING HISTORIC PRESERVATION

**FINDING A COMMON LANGUAGE**

## EXERCISE #2

**DEFINING KEY TERMS **
**Turn to Page 29 in Your Course Participant Guide for Instructions.**

## What is a cultural resource ?
What is preservation ?
What is rehabilitation ?
What is restoration ?
What is reconstruction ?
What is adaptive use ?
What is conservation/consolidation ?

- What is preservation ?
- What is rehabilitation ?
- What is restoration ?
- What is reconstruction ?
- What is adaptive use ?
- What is conservation/consolidation ?

## Valley Forge National Historical Park, Valley Forge, PA

- Valley Forge National Historical Park, Valley Forge, PA

## City Hall, Philadelphia PA

## Fairmount Water Works Interpretive Center, Philadelphia PA

## Independence Hall, Philadelphia, PA

## Jacob Graff House, Philadelphia, PA

## Lascaux II, Montignac France

## Loews Hotel, formerly PSFS Building, Philadelphia, PA

## Drayton Hall, a property of the National Trust for Historic Preservation in Charleston, SC

## END OF DAY 1...The Midway