# Presentation: 659773

## The Impact of Reference Linking on the Creation and Use of References/Citations

**CENDI/FLICC Workshop**
**Library of Congress**
**    ****June 21, 2000**
**Deb Bendig, OCLC**
**dbendig@oclc.org**

## Outline

**Data considerations**
**Presentation of links**
**Appropriate copy issue**
**Centralized vs.. local linking**
**Other considerations - one slide only!**
**New partnerships**
**Summary**

## What is a citation?

**A reference in an article**
**An item in a bibliography**
**A record in a citation or A&I database**

## Interesting citation data

**Author**
**Title**
**Journal/ISSN**
**Year**
**Volume**
**Issue**
**1st page number**
**Unique ID**

## Recommendation

**When providing article data:**
- Identify each citation
- Put citation data elements into distinct fields
- Include any unique article ID you have, even if not to be displayed
- Use standards where possible
- Include any unique article ID in the citation!
- Include a unique article ID for the article!

## Digression

**The best article identifier is**
**associated with the article from the beginning of the publication process, **
**displayed with the article, and **
**carried in all references to the article.**
***Make unique article ids ubiquitous!***

## Where will the links appear?

**HTML articles**
**Within PDF articles?**
**HTML versions of PDF articles**
**PS/TeX/etc. articles?**

## Presentation of links

**Should links be printable?**
- Anything displayed in a browser prints
- If link is durable, consider displaying
- And, links may be different for different people, depending on rights
**Should links be branded?**
- May be required by full-text source
- Good for unambiguous id of source

## Where do the links come from?

**Publisher adds them**
**Manual process $$$$**
**Automated process to id citations, extract data, batch match against...existing full-text systems?**
**Link maintenance?**
**Record updated when new sources available?**
**Assumes all users of data have access via specified  link(s)**

## Where do the links come from?

**“****System” adds them**
**Automated process, based on :**
- Available citation data
- Available matching articles
- User rights information
**On-the-fly or continuously updated**

## Automated article linking challenges

**Granularity **
**Will the real article title stand up? **
**Special characters**
**Versions/editions/manifestations**
- Reissued article
- Modified article
- Different ISSN for electronic version of journal
**Remedy:  TOCs?**

**For now, assume a perfect match...**

## Appropriate copy issue

**Same articles available from multiple sources**
**Library or user has paid for access from one or more source**
**How does a system know the best full-text links to display to a user?**

## Library defines their best link sources

**E-holdings consist of **
- Multiple sources
- Possibly some overlap
- Possibly different source for different time periods
- Possibly multiple formats, with preferred order
**Can change frequently **
**Therefore, library holdings profile**

## Sources

**Multiple sources of articles**
- CrossRef, NIH/NCBI initiatives
- Direct from publisher
- Aggregator services
**Overlapping coverage among sources**
**Multiple formats:  ASCII, HTML, PDF**
**Varying linking mechanisms**
**Agreements may control availability via system**

## Journal Sources Profile

**For each available source, track:**
**Journal Title**
**ISSN**
**Coverage**
**Format(s)?**
**Linking mechanism/requirements (query, DOI, unique ID)**
**Authentication requirements?**
**And/or, have a database of all available articles, with links**

## Given a link, what does the user get?

**An article (or TOC)**
- “No dead links!”
- Requires knowledge of article’s existence, e.g, database of articles
**The possibility of an article**
- Service uses profile of source holdings and assumes all articles are available

## Centralized vs. local linking

**Centralized:  **
- System provided for libraries
- Each system must know library profile
- Links or associated services limited to system agreements/capabilities
**Local (e.g., ExLibris SFX, consortia):**
- Centralized holdings profile?’
- Possibility of bigger pool of sources, services

## Other linking considerations

**Centralized library holdings profiling **
**Authentication (especially remote user)**
**Guaranteed archival access**
**Per-article purchase**
**Linking standards**
**Source of article-use statistics for library**

## New partnerships

**Libraries ask online services for:**
- Full-text coverage matching their access rights
- Currency:  how quickly new full text integrated?
- Quality of linking
- %-age dead links
- %-age incorrectly linked articles
- Persistent URLs
- Centralized holdings profile
- One-stop shopping, with title-level control

## New partnerships

**Online services ask publishers for:**
- Timely availability of online full text
- Data to support accurate online linking
- Standard metadata
- Unique article identifiers added in publishing process
- Persistent URLs for full text
- Remote authentication solutions
- Cost-effective access to full text

## New partnerships

**Publishers ask for:**
- Accurate rights management
- Access to more subscribers
- Continuation of revenue stream
- Tools to support data production
- Remote authentication solutions

## Summary

**Quality of linking becomes a significant system discriminator**
**There will be no one source for all full text**
**Standards will provide the best environment for reference linking**
**Opportunities for new centralized services**

**Questions?**