# Presentation: 085815

## MATERIAL IRRADIATION STUDIES FOR HIGH-INTENSITY PROTON BEAM TARGETSCurrent & Future Activities

_**N. Simos**_** and H. Kirk, BNL**
_**contribution from**_
**P. Thieberger, W-T. Weng, L. Mausner, H. Ludewig, PT. Trung (****BNL****)**
**K. McDonald,**** Princeton , ****J. Sheppard, ****SLAC**
**K. Yoshimura and Y. Hayato, ****KEK**
**N. Mokhov & P. Hurh**** (FNAL)**

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## 2-4 MW ????  

**What do we need to get us there:**
- low elasticity modulus (remember  ~ *E **** ****T)*
- low thermal expansion
- high heat capacity
- good diffusivity to move heat away from hot spots
- high strength
- resilience to shock/fracture strength
- resilience to irradiation damage
**Other than that, we are not asking for much!!!!**
- And another thing: 4 MW on what spot size?

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## Is there hope?  

**Several “smart” materials or new composites may be able to meet some of the desired requirements:**
**new graphite grades**
**customized carbon-carbon composites **
**Super-alloys (gum metal, albemet, super-invar, etc.)**
**While calculations based on non-irradiated material properties **
**may show that it is possible to achieve 2 or even 4 MW, irradiation **
**effects may completely change the outlook of a material candidate**
**ONLY way is to test the material to conditions similar to those expected **
**during its life time as target**

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## What are we after?

- High Intensity/High Power Targets
- Low Z or high Z
- Alloys, composites, “smart” materials
- Assessment of irradiation damage of these non-traditional materials
- Driving target scenarios to their limit through simulations – Use experimental data to back-feed the simulations.

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## Target Studies

- Beam on targets (E951)
- Material irradiation
- New activities
- more irradiation studies/beam on targets (p-bar at FNAL)
- Laser-based shock studies
- Simulations and benchmarking
- ANSYS & LS-DYNA

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## 24 GeV AGS Protons on Targets: Graphite & CC Composite TargetsBeam Windows (thick, target-like and thin) 

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## Experimental vs. simulation (ANSYS) prediction of graphite target response HADRON CALCULATIONS BENCHMARKING

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## Beam Window Experiment (E951)  Experimental Strain Data vs. Simulation

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## IRRADIATION STUDIES

_**PHASE I**_**:**
-  **Super Invar **
** ****Inconel-718**

**Carbon-Carbon Composite in Target **
**Assembly**

**Nickel-plated aluminum in target assembly (goal is to find out how irradiation affects bonding)**

**  ****3D Carbon-Carbon Composite **
**   ****Toyota “Gum Metal”**
**   ****Graphite (IG-43) **
**   ****AlBeMet **
**   ****Beryllium **
**   ****Ti Alloy (6Al-4V) **
**   ****Vascomax **
**   ****Nickel-Plated Alum. **

**Complex assembly of target materials**

**BEAM PARAMETERS**
- 200/117 MeV protons; ~ 70 μA
- Spot size  FWHM ~ 14 mm

**BEAM**

_**PHASE II**_**:**

_**PHASE II-a**_**:**
**2D Carbon-Carbon Composite**

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## Slide 10

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## Slide 11

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## Irradiation Temperature Assessment Using Thermal Sensitive Paint (TSP)

**Irradiation Temperature Assessment Using Thermal Sensitive Paint (TSP)**

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## Slide 13

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## Slide 14

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## Dilatometer  and Tensile Testing Arrangement at BNL Hot Cell Facility

**Dilatometer  and Tensile Testing Arrangement at BNL Hot Cell Facility**
**Used in Post-Irradiation Study**

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## WHY DO WE WANT TO DO THESE TESTS?

**WHY DO WE WANT TO DO THESE TESTS?**

- Non-irradiated HORN material

**Ni-plated material AFTER irradiation**

**Is nickel-plating the way to prolong life of HORN?**
**Jury is still out BUT preliminary assessment not favorable**

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## CC composite “annealing” behavior

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## WHY Carbon-Carbon and not graphite?

**WHY Carbon-Carbon and not graphite?**

_**IRRADIATION EFFECTS ON GRAPHITE**_
**Irradiation has a profound effect on thermal conductivity/diffusivity**
**CC composite at least allows for fiber customization and thus significant **
**improvement of conductivity. **
**NOTE**** that assessment of irradiation effects on conductivity of CC composite **
**yet to be completed **
** **

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## Super Invar: Serious candidate?

**Super Invar: Serious candidate?**

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## GUM Metal

**90% cold-worked may be of interest (if it holds these properties after irradiation)**

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## Vascomax

**Vascomax**

**Ti alloy (6Al-4V)**

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## AlBeMet

**AlBeMet**

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## 2D carbon-carbon Irradiation at BNL BLIP Facility

- 2D carbon-carbon Irradiation at BNL BLIP Facility

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## Preliminary 2D carbon-carbon post-irradiation

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## 2D carbon-carbon post-irradiation

**Company provided data on the 2D CC Material irradiated**
**NOTE: Results shown are in terms of Coefficient of Thermal Expansion**

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##  Post Irradiation Activities

-  CTE measurements on 2-D carbon composite
-  Testing of graphite and Carbon-Carbon to cycles up to 1100 C
-  in vacuum
-  with forced helium
-  Thermal diffusivity and electrical resistivity measurements of
-    the irradiated material matrix
-   Closer examination of the Ni-plated aluminum for de-lamination,
-     resistivity changes
-  Damage assessment for defect generation/growth on specimens
-   using ultrasonic techniques (more of an issue in graphite & CC)
** ****Studies suggest that loss of strength is the direct result of irradiation-induced loss of “cold-work”. Relate that to the performance of gum metal**

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## Future Target Studies at Pbar Facility (FNAL)

_**What we hope to get out of it ?**_
**Shock induced failure**
**- Information regarding damage at different doses and at different different ratios of protons to neutrons**

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## Slide 28

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