# Presentation: 635550

## What’s New in Hydroacoustics?September 2008

**What’s New in Hydroacoustics?****September 2008**

**Kevin Oberg**

- With help from David Mueller, Chad Wagner, Ryan Jackson, Mike Rehmel, and Jon Czuba

## What’s New?

**Equipment**
**Software**
**Methods & Policy**
**Publications**
**Training**

- RS Live, RiverRay, ADC
- WRII, new tools
- Moving bed tests, Other
- New reports
- Webinars, schedule for formal training courses, Web-based training

**Equipment       |      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

## New SonTek YSI Profilers

- 5-beam profiler
- 4 beam Janus configuration
- 3 Mhz
- Velocity profiling range ~0.2 m to 5.0 m
- 1 vertical beam for depth measurement
- 1 Mhz
- Range ~0.15 - 15m

**S5**

**Equipment       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

*Units not available for sale – Oct. 2008 *

***Pre-release specs – Subject to change***

## New SonTek YSI Profilers

- 9-beam 3-frequency profiler
- 4 beams at 1 Mhz
- 4 beams at 3 Mhz
- 1 beam @ 500 kHz (depth)
- Nominal velocity profiling range ~0.3 m – 30.0 m
- Vertical beam range ~80m

**M9**

**Equipment       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

*Units not available for sale – Oct. 2008 *

***Pre-release specs – Subject to change***

## Prototype ADP, GPS, & Float

**Equipment       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

**SonTek/YSI plans to offer a trimaran and their own monohull design, not necessarily similar to this monohull**

*Units not available for sale – Oct. 2008 *

***Pre-release specs – Subject to change***

## Automatic Configuration

- Automatic velocity cell size adjustment
- Automatic switching between pulse-coherent and narrowband
- M9 profiler will switch between 1 and 3 Mhz on the fly

**Equipment       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

## Software  and Data

**Software  and Data**

- Data are stored in profiler.
- Data viewed and profiler controlled with laptop and/or Windows Mobile device (Motorola Q Phone)
- Bluetooth or Freewave telemetry

**Equipment       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

*Units not available for sale – Oct. 2008 *

***Pre-release specs – Subject to change***

## Ott ADC

**Equipment       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

## Comparison Qm’s

| Site | FlowT Q | ADC  Q | % Diff. | Comments |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Copper Slough | 7.80 | 7.74 | -0.85 | Slight difference in XS-rod placement |
| Palos Park | 5.48 | 4.83 | -11.8 | High velocity fluctuations |
| Oakwood | 226 | 223 | -1.69 |  |
| Bismarck | 142 | 145 | 1.84 | Small velocity fluctuations |
| Joliet | 67.9 | 69.2 | 1.86 | Flow angles? |
| Coal City | 162 | 173 | 6.60 | Horizontal velocity gradient/turbulence |
| Flossmoor | 9.56 | 9.80 | 2.44 | Low velocity spikes due to large cobbles (both FT and ADC) |
| Oak Forest | 5.11 | 4.61 | -9.74 | Large velocity gradient |
|  |  | Mean | -1.4 |  |

**Equipment       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

## Lag in Velocity Due to Sampling Volume

**Equipment       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

## Sampling Volume

**Equipment       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

**FlowTracker**

**Ott ADC**

## ADC Enhancements

- Compute/record/display flow angles
- Store velocity time series (not just final value)
- Provide software that supports analysis of above data
- Real time beam checks
- When point velocity measurement is invalid, prompt user for doing another velocity observation (at a different location)
- Working with Ott to implement enhancements

**Equipment       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

## TRDI – RiverRay

- Phased array transducer (flat face)
- 30-degree beams (larger unmeasured area)
- Single frequency – 600 kHz
- 2 prototypes delivered in September

**Equipment       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

*Units not available for sale as of Sept. 2008*

## TRDI – RiverRay

- Integrated float with Bluetooth comms (default)

**Equipment       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

*Units not available for sale as of Sept. 2008*

## RiverRay Features

- Will default to an ‘auto’ mode.
- Will consist of both pulse coherent (WM 5/11-like and incoherent modes (WM1) all at the same time
- Depth cell sizes will depend on depth and which ‘mode’ is used to make the velocity measurement

**Equipment       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

## TRDI RiverRay

| Depth | Measurement Type | Ambiguity resolution | Depth cells/size |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| < 0.6 m | 3 pulse-coherent (PC) pings | None | 5 | 10 cm |
| 0.6 – 1.5 m | Pulse coherent modes (WM 5/11 like) | Yes |  | 20 cm |
| 1.5 – 5.0 m | Attempt pulse-coherent; if not use mode 1/12 type mode | For PC mode | ? | 20 cm |
| 5.0 – 10 m | 2 near-surface PC pings,  Ambiguity ping + plus as many WM1-like pings as can be done to get 1-sec update rate |  | ? | 40 cm |
| 10 – 20 m | Same as above |  | ? | 80 cm |

**Equipment       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

*This information is preliminary and subject to change*

## Use of Ultra-Mobile PCs

**Example UMPC with Wireless and Bluetooth**
**Cost: ~$1,000**
**Instrument News article – Sonny Anderson**

**Equipment       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

## High Speed Tethered Boat

- Air entrainment and/or ADCP being ‘pulled’ out of the water
- RFP for a new boat is out.

**Equipment       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

## RC Boat – OceanScience

- Problems with High-speed boat - nose submerging in low velocities.  Caused by deformation of plastic used.  OS working on solution.

**Equipment       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

## RC Boat – SeaRobotics

**Equipment       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

**CA WSC using 2 boats for mapping applications.  Still some work needed**

## WinRiver II Status

- WinRiver** II Status**

**Numerous bugs in version 2.02**
**OSW has tested several beta releases since early August.**
**Program is more stable now; waiting on a final beta to test**
**Release of 2.03 in November?**

**Equipment****       ****|      ****Software****      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

## Communications

**Communications**

- OSW strongly encourages users to use USB-to-serial adapters with laptops – even those that have a built-in RS-232
- See Hydroacoustics Forums for info on suggested models (_[https://simon.er.usgs.gov/smf/](https://simon.er.usgs.gov/smf/)_)
- HIF will stock a 2-port USB-to-serial adapter for purchase. Cost ~ $35.

**Equipment****       ****|      ****Software****      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

## MidSection Software – Sontek

**MidSection Software – Sontek**

- Methods as documented by Sontek seem correct
- Limited testing has been done

**Equipment****       ****|      ****Software****      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

**Notes:**
SonTek/YSI, Inc. has developed software that supports mid-section discharge measurements collected using their RiverSurveyor ADCPs. The software collects the velocity and depth data from the ADCP and computes the discharge using the mid-section method. The width for each measurement section is computed as half the distance from the current section to the previous section, plus half the distance from the current section to the next section. This width is then multiplied by the depth measured during the velocity measurement to compute an area for each section. Discharge for each of the sections is then computed by multiplying the mean water velocity by the cross sectional area and then the incremental discharges are summed to determine the total discharge.

(click)

Here we see the window that is used to input the measurement information for each stationary measurement profile such as location, water depth and tansducer depth. The bottom portion of the window displays the measurement results for each section.

(click)

This window can be accessed selecting the Full Transect tab at the bottom of the scree. The user can veiw a summary of the entire measurement in this window, including mean velocity vectors for each section and the cross-sectional bathymetry, along with the total discharge

## MidSection (SxS) Software – TRDI

**MidSection (SxS) Software – TRDI**

- Some concerns about algorithms used in TRDI SxS software
- WRII 2.02 SxS can crash and user will be unable to resume Qm
- TRDI addressing technical concerns.  Changes may appear in WRII version 2.03?
- Very limited testing

**Equipment****       ****|      ****Software****      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

**Notes:**
SonTek/YSI, Inc. has developed software that supports mid-section discharge measurements collected using their RiverSurveyor ADCPs. The software collects the velocity and depth data from the ADCP and computes the discharge using the mid-section method. The width for each measurement section is computed as half the distance from the current section to the previous section, plus half the distance from the current section to the next section. This width is then multiplied by the depth measured during the velocity measurement to compute an area for each section. Discharge for each of the sections is then computed by multiplying the mean water velocity by the cross sectional area and then the incremental discharges are summed to determine the total discharge.

(click)

Here we see the window that is used to input the measurement information for each stationary measurement profile such as location, water depth and tansducer depth. The bottom portion of the window displays the measurement results for each section.

(click)

This window can be accessed selecting the Full Transect tab at the bottom of the scree. The user can veiw a summary of the entire measurement in this window, including mean velocity vectors for each section and the cross-sectional bathymetry, along with the total discharge

## MidSection Software

- OSW strongly discourages use of ‘home-grown’ SxS computations due to various possible technical problems such as:
- Flow angles
- Extrapolation
- Valid manual computations are time consuming and are difficult to check

**Equipment****       ****|      ****Software****      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

**Notes:**
SonTek/YSI, Inc. has developed software that supports mid-section discharge measurements collected using their RiverSurveyor ADCPs. The software collects the velocity and depth data from the ADCP and computes the discharge using the mid-section method. The width for each measurement section is computed as half the distance from the current section to the previous section, plus half the distance from the current section to the next section. This width is then multiplied by the depth measured during the velocity measurement to compute an area for each section. Discharge for each of the sections is then computed by multiplying the mean water velocity by the cross sectional area and then the incremental discharges are summed to determine the total discharge.

(click)

Here we see the window that is used to input the measurement information for each stationary measurement profile such as location, water depth and tansducer depth. The bottom portion of the window displays the measurement results for each section.

(click)

This window can be accessed selecting the Full Transect tab at the bottom of the scree. The user can veiw a summary of the entire measurement in this window, including mean velocity vectors for each section and the cross-sectional bathymetry, along with the total discharge

## Automated QA / QC

**Equipment****       ****|      ****Software****      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

**Notes:**
This is a prototype tool developed by David Mueller
We want to have vendors implement this technology into the software and we hope that this takes place in 2009

## Automated QA / QC

- Prototype auto QA/QC delivered to TRDI and SonTek 18 months ago.
- Both vendors say they are committed to incorporating this into their software.
- TRDI has promised to focus on this in their first major update to WinRiver II in 2009
- SonTek/YSI is incorporating some of this into RiverSurveyor-Live software

**Equipment****       ****|      ****Software****      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

**Notes:**
This is a prototype tool developed by David Mueller
We want to have vendors implement this technology into the software and we hope that this takes place in 2009

## Extrapolation Analysis Tool

**Extrapolation Analysis Tool**

**Equipment****       ****|      ****Software****      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

## SMBA(Stationary Moving bed Analysis)

**SMBA****(Stationary Moving bed Analysis)**

- Updated to process corrections from multiple moving bed tests
- Effectiveness of the approach used to do this is still being studied

**Equipment****       ****|      ****Software****      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

## LC   (Loop Correction)

**LC   ****(Loop Correction)**

- Distributes loop correction across cross section based on near bed velocities
- Preferred loop correction method
- Improvements planned
- User interface
- Check quality of compass cal
- Report number of invalid ensembles

**Equipment****       ****|      ****Software****      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      Training**

## GPS – Collect VTG & GGA

**GGA**

**VTG**

- VTG is Doppler-based measurement
- Less sensitive to multi-path effects
- Usually results in better quality data

**Equipment****       ****|      Software      |      ****Methods/Policy****       |      Publications      |      Training**

**Notes:**
OSW rec

## Moving-Bed Tests

- USGS policy will require that a moving-bed test (***MBT***) be collected prior to every Qm
- No exceptions!
- Use the SMBA and LC software to analyze ***MBT’s***

**Equipment****       ****|      Software      |      ****Methods/Policy****       |      Publications      |      Training**

**560 feet in 540 s => 1 ft/s MB velocity**

## Moving-Bed Tests

- Three acceptable methods for performing a ***MBT***
- stationary test - no GPS
- stationary test  - with GPS,  or
- the loop method
- For stationary ***MBT’s***, we suggest multiple ***MBT’s***

**Equipment****       ****|      Software      |      ****Methods/Policy****       |      Publications      |      Training**

| Deployment | Duration of SMBT’s |
| --- | --- |
| Tethered boat | 5 minutes |
| Anchored boat | 5 minutes |
| Boat with DGPS | 5 minutes |
| All other | 10 minutes |

## Moving-Bed Conditions

| Method | Requirements |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| DGPS | Valid GPS data | Valid Compass Calibration |
| Loop | Maintain BT | Valid Compass Calibration |
| SMBT’s | Remain stationary | Valid BT for transects |
| Midsection | Use mfgr software |  |

**Equipment****       ****|      Software      |      ****Methods/Policy****       |      Publications      |      Training**

- Order of preference
- DGPS
- Loop correction method
- Multiple stationary MBT’s
- Section by section software

## Current USGS Policy for Qm’s

- USGS policy is that 4-transect mean is used as a measured discharge under steady flow conditions
- Policy was arrived at somewhat arbitrarily – did not have a rigorous scientific basis
- Reflects need to have good spatial _and_ temporal averaging

**Equipment****       ****|      Software      |      ****Methods/Policy****       |      Publications      |      Training**

## Number of Transects Analysis

- 28 comparisons having 12-transects were used
- 12-transect mean was assumed to be ‘_true_’ Q
- Percent difference for 1-, 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-pass means computed

**Equipment****       ****|      Software      |      ****Methods/Policy****       |      Publications      |      Training**

## RG Exposure Time Analysis

**Equipment****       ****|      Software      |      ****Methods/Policy****       |      Publications      |      Training**

- Oberg and Mueller (2007a). “Validation of Streamflow Measurements Made with ADCPs.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 133(12), 1421-1432.

## Exposure Time For ADCP Qm’s

- Exposure time (***D***) is the total time spent sampling the flow
- Oberg and Mueller (2007) suggest that ***D*** is more important than _number of transects_ for reducing uncertainty in Q
- OSW is conducting tests to validate this hypothesis

**Equipment****       ****|      Software      |      ****Methods/Policy****       |      Publications      |      Training**

**Notes:**
Discuss the concept

## StreamPro Exposure Time

**Equipment****       ****|      Software      |      ****Methods/Policy****       |      Publications      |      Training**

## Validation Data

**Equipment****       ****|      Software      |      ****Methods/Policy****       |      Publications      |      Training**

**Possible policy – For steady flows, *****D *****must be ≥ 720 s & minimum of 2 transects**

**Notes:**
Discuss the concept

## Discharge Measure-ment ‘Manual’

**Techniques and Methods Report**
**Expected to be approved and published – Oct-Dec 2008**
**Compilation of OSW technical memos, QA Plan, and Simpson report, plus new guidance**
**Replacement for ‘Simpson’ report**

**Equipment****       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      ****Publications****      |      Training**

## Capability Fact Sheet

**Equipment****       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      ****Publications****      |      Training**

## Evaluation of GPS Receivers and VTG

**Equipment****       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      ****Publications****      |      Training**

- Report will be published in 2009.
- Selected results:
- Recommend use _Novatel Smart Antenna_ or _Hemisphere Crescent A100_
- Trimble AgGPS 132 and similar models have some known issues with VTG data
- Testing of these receivers is underway;   Environment Canada uses Novatel
- Don’t use handheld receivers

## Using ADCPs in Moving Bed Conditions

- Web-based class has been developed
- Currently undergoing review / revision
- Should be available early in FY09
- Will be offered via NTC / DOILearn

**Equipment****       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      ****Training**

## Status of Classes

- 10 – 12 1-week classes taught annually!
- 7 Basic ADCP
- 2 Index Velocity
- 2 Refresher classes
- Classes are in high demand.
- Short courses at Data Conferences & elsewhere
- Possible velocity mapping / analysis class in late 2009

**Equipment****       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      ****Training**

## Proposed Schedule

**Equipment****       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      ****Training**

| Course ID | USGS Classes | Date | Location |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| SW1321 | Streamflow Measurements Using ADCP's | 10/27/08 | Louisville, KY |
| SW1319 | Streamflow Record Computation using ADVM's and Index-velocity Methods | 11/18/08 | Denver, CO |
| SW1321 | Streamflow Measurements Using ADCP's | 01/26/09 | Houston, TX |
| SW1321 | Streamflow Measurements Using ADCP's | 03/23/09 | Orlando, FL |
| SW2441 | Introduction to WinRiver II and ADCP Refresher with StreamPro | 05/04/09 | Asheville, NC |
| SW1321 | Streamflow Measurements Using ADCP's (SonTek) | 05/04/09 | Louisville, KY |
| SW1321 | Streamflow Measurements Using ADCP's | 05/18/09 | Lowell, MA |
| SW1319 | Streamflow Record Computation using ADVM's and Index-velocity Methods | 07/14/09 | Denver, CO |
| SW2441 | Introduction to WinRiver II and ADCP Refresher with StreamPro | 08/03/09 | Portland, OR |
| SW1321 | Streamflow Measurements Using ADCP's | 08/24/09 | Portland, OR |

## Other Training Info

- Will be looking to add new Web-based classes, perhaps Key Concepts, Water Modes, etc.  (costly)
- OSW has maintained their own training registration system.  We will no longer use that system.  Users will register via DOILearn.
- _Supervisor approvals needed_ in timely manner if you want to get into the class

**Equipment****       ****|      Software      |      Methods/Policy       |      Publications      |      ****Training**

## Questions?

**Questions?**

## Changes Needed

- SxS
- GPS – Loop (1 and 2) after that multiple MBT’s and SxS are even.  If cannot BT
- GPS – have to have good GPS and comp cal
- Loop – must be able to BT and comp cal
- SMBT -
- Home-grown SxS
- Caveats about units not available for sale
- HIF Stocking USB-serial