# Presentation: 581871

## WinTR-55  Modeling Multiple Sub-area Watersheds

-  WinTR-55 Development Team

## Sub-Area and Reach Concepts

## Sub-area/Reach Concepts

**Watershed **- system of sub-areas and reaches
**Sub-areas** - watersheds that generate runoff
**Reaches  **- represent watershed flow paths (stream  channels) or structures

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## Sub-area/Reach Concepts

**Watershed **- system of sub-areas and reaches
**Sub-areas** - generate runoff
- feed into the upstream end of reaches
**Reaches** or Routing Elements- represent watershed stream flow paths or structures
_***Channel***_ Routing elements -  Stream Reaches
_***Structure***_ Routing elements - Reservoir/Structure Reaches
- Watershed **Outlet** - downstream end of the watershed (required for all watersheds)

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## Schematics 

- Schematics** **

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## Data Requirements

- Identification Data - User, State, and County
- Dimensionless Unit Hydrograph
- Storm Data – for specific County/State
- Sub-area Data - Name, flows to reach/outlet, area, runoff curve number, & time of concentration
- Reach Data -Name, receiving reach/outlet, reach length, Manning’s “n”, friction slope, bottom width,  average side slopes

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## Adding Sub-areas

## Adding Sub-areas

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## Adding Stream ReachesandDeveloping Stream Reach Data

## Adding Stream Reaches

**WinTR-55 Main Window**
- Reach Data Window
- Reach Flow Path Window

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## Watershed Schematic

**MainStem1**

**MainStem2**

**EastReach**

**WestReach**

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## WinTR-55 Main Window

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## Adding Stream Reaches

- WinTR-55 Main Window
**Reach Data Window**
- Reach Flow Path Window

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## Stream Reach Data 

- Data compiled prior to input:
- Reach Name
- Name of receiving (or downstream) reach (could be Outlet)
- Cross-section data:
*Manning’s “n”*
*Friction slope*
*Bottom Width*
*Average side slopes*

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## Reach Data Window

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## Reach Data Window

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## Plotted Channel Rating

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## Computing Stream Reach Ratings

- Manning’s Equation for Channel Flow:
*Q = discharge (cu ft/s)**	**	**r = hydraulic radius = A/p**w*
*A = cross-sectional flow area (sq ft)**	**p**w** = wetted perimeter (ft)*
*s = slope of hydraulic grade line (channel slope, ft/ft)*
*n = Manning’s roughness coefficient for open channel flow*

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## Trapezoidal Cross-Section

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## Reach Data Window

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## Adding Stream Reaches

- WinTR-55 Main Window
- Reach Data Window
**Reach Flow Path Window**

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## Reach Flow Path Window

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## Capabilities & Limitations

- Number of sub-areas	1 - 10
- Number of reaches			0-10
- Types of reaches		Channel or Structure
- Channel Reach
- 	Routing Procedure		Muskingum-Cunge

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## Sub-area and Reach Concepts

***Modeling Watersheds with Structures***

## Sub-area / Reach Concepts

**Stream Reach 1b**

**Stream Reach 2c**

**Sub-area A**

**Sub-area B**

**Sub-area C**

**Structure Reach Pond**

**Watershed **- system of sub-areas and reaches
**Sub-areas** - watersheds that generate runoff
**Reaches  **- represent watershed flow paths (stream  channels) or structures

**Outlet**

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## Sub-area/Reach Concepts

**Watershed **- system of sub-areas and reaches
**Sub-areas** - generate runoff
- feed into the upstream end of reaches
**Reaches** or Routing Elements- represent watershed stream flow paths or structures
_***Channel***_ Routing elements -  Stream Reaches
_***Structure***_ Routing elements - Reservoir/Structure Reaches
- Watershed **Outlet** - downstream end of the watershed (required for all watersheds)

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## Schematics 

- Schematics

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## Adding Structure ReachesandDeveloping Structure Data

## Adding Structure Reaches

**WinTR-55 Main Window**
- Reach Data Window
- Structure Data Window
- Reach Flow Path Window

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## WinTR-55 Main Window

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## Adding Structure Reaches

- WinTR-55 Main Window
**Reach Data Window**
- Structure Data Window
- Reach Flow Path Window

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**Notes:**
Next, proceed to the Reach Data Window where you will specify the name of the structure reach and the name of the structure itself.

## Reach Data Window

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## Naming Reaches

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## Adding Structure Reaches

- WinTR-55 Main Window
- Reach Data Window
**Structure Data Window**
- Reach Flow Path Window

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## Structure Data Window

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## Spillway Types

**Pipe**
- Weir

## Pipe Spillway

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**Notes:**
To specify a pipe spillway, click the radio button  for Pipe under Spillway Type. 

The pipe spillway is the default, so when you open the Structure Data Window it will open to a pipe spillway configuration.

 When specifying a pipe spillway, you may enter up to three different pipe diameters to test. The program will make as many runs through the data as pipe trial sizes are indicated. If you enter three pipe diameters the program will use the Trial #1 pipe diameter for the first run through, the Trial #2 pipe diameter for the second run, and the Trial #3 pipe diameter for the third run. This will be done for each storm event indicated, however the program will make no more than 3 runs for each storm even if multiple structures are included. In the event there are 2 or more structures in the watershed, all the Trial #1’s are run together, then all the Trial #2’s and then all the Trial #3’s.

 You must also specify a Height from the pipe invert at the outlet end of the pipe to the spillway. You’ll see more clearly in the next illustrations how that is defined. One thing to keep in mind though is that this height must be at least 1⁄2 times the pipe diameter or greater. So, in the example of a 48” pipe diameter, a height from pipe invert at outlet to spillway crest elevation of no less than 2 feet could be specified. This is because of the way the program does the pipe flow computations we’ll look at in a moment.

One thing to notice here is that the pipe diameter is specified in inches, while the height from the pipe invert at outlet to the principal spillway crest is in feet. In the case of SI units, the values are in units of millimeters and meters, respectively.

 Once sufficient data is entered for the pipe diameter and height from the pipe invert at outlet to the spillway crest, WinTR-55 automatically computes a pipe flow rating for the structure.

Pay attention to the note in red that says “Orifice Flow Assumed.” We’ll talk about that in just a moment.

## Straight Pipe

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## Drop Inlet Pipe

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## Pipe Flow Equations

- where:
- g = gravity
- cd =0.6
- Height, feet
- Headpipe,feet
- Stage, feet
- Dpipe ,inches
- Apipe,square feet
- Flowpipe,cfs

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## Pipe Flow Assumptions

- Short-tube approximation – assumes orifice flow through the pipe at all stages
*Reasonable for drop inlet configuration*
*May be unreasonable for large straight pipes*
- If not appropriate, use other routing models
*SITES*
*WinTR-20*

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## Pipe Flow Assumptions

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## Spillway Types

- Pipe
**Weir**

## Weir Spillway

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## Weir Configuration

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## Weir Flow Equations

*       **where:  L**weir** = weir length, feet*
*                    **Stage, feet*
*                    **Flow**weir**, cfs*

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## Weir Flow Assumptions

- Entry of a zero weir length indicates a 90° v-notch weir
- Other entry for weir length indicates a rectangular – *having vertical sides* - broad-crested weir

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## Plotting Structure Ratings

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## Structure Reach Routing

## Storage-Indication Routing Method

- Estimates how the hydrograph changes as it flows through a structure
-  Storage = (inflow - outflow) * t

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## Structure Reach Routing

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## Structure Routing Plot

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## Adding Structure Reaches

- WinTR-55 Main Window
- Reach Data Window
- Structure Data Window
**Reach Flow Path Window**

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## Reach Flow Path

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## Capabilities & Limitations

- Structure Routing		Storage-Indication
- Structure Types		Pipe or Weir
- Structure Trial Sizes	1-3

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## WinTR-55 Web Site	

- Download latest WinTR-55 version
- http://wsi.nrcs.usda.gov/products/W2Q/H&H/Tools_Models/WinTR55.html
- Update notes
- WinTR-55 User Manual
- WinTR-55 Support Team e-mail address
- 		ug-orportlan-4-TR55

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## Development Team

- Claudia Hoeft		NRCS, Washington DC
- Laurel Foreman		NRCS, Iowa
- William Merkel		NRCS-WNTSC, Maryland
- Helen Fox Moody		NRCS-WNTSC, Maryland
- Quan D. Quan		NRCS-WNTSC, Maryland
- Ralph Roberts		ARS, Maryland
- John McClung		NRCS-NWMC, Arkansas
- Al McNeill			NRCS, South Carolina
- Jolyne Lee			NRCS-NWCC, Oregon
- Don Woodward		NRCS-retired
- Jon Werner			NRCS-retired
- Roger Cronshey		NRCS-retired

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