# Presentation: 208110

## MINERA (Main INjector ExpeRiment v-A)

- Using an On-Axis, Fine-grained Detector
- in the NuMI Beam

- Jorge G. Morfín - Fermilab
- and
- Hugh Gallagher - Tufts

- MINERA (Main INjector ExpeRiment v-A)
**Received Physics Approval from Fermilab PAC in April**

**New Experiment in the Fermilab Neutrino Program**

## Both HEP and NP collaborators

- D.  Drakoulakos, P. Stamoulis,  G. Tzanakos, M. Zois
**University of Athens, Athens, Greece**
- D. Casper
**University of California, Irvine, California**
- E. Paschos
**University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany**
- D. Boehnlein, D. A. Harris,  M.  Kostin,
- J.G. Morfin, P. Shanahan, P. Spentzouris
**Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois**
- M.E. Christy, W.  Hinton, C.E .Keppel
**Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia**
- R. Burnstein, A. Chakravorty, O. Kamaev, N.  Solomey
**Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois**
- S.Kulagin
**Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia**
- I. Niculescu. G. .Niculescu
**James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia**

- G. Blazey, M.A.C. Cummings, V. Rykalin
**Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois**
- W.K.  Brooks, A. Bruell, R. Ent, D. Gaskell,,
- W. Melnitchouk,  S. Wood
**Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia**
- S.  Boyd, D.  Naples, V.  Paolone
**University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania**
- A. Bodek, H.  Budd, J.  Chvojka,  P. de Babaro, S.  Manly,
- K.  McFarland, I.C.  Park, W.  Sakumoto, R. Teng
**University of Rochester, Rochester, New York**
- R. Gilman, C. Glasshausser, X. Jiang, G. Kumbartzki,
- K. McCormick, R. Ransome
**Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey**
- H. Gallagher, T.  Kafka, W.A. Mann, W. Oliver
**Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts**
**J. Nelson**
**William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Virginia**

**Red = HEP,  ****Blue = NP,  ****Green = Theorist**

**Quantitative Study of Low-energy ********-Nucleus Interactions**

## Motivation: Detailed Knowledge of low-energy Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions  DISMALAs we saw MiniBooNe and K2K improving the situation at Lower Energies

- ANL
-  p n + (7 events)
-  n n 0 (7 events)
- Gargamelle
-  p p 0 (240 evts)
-  n n 0 (31 evts)
- K2K and MiniBooNe
- Starting a careful analysis of single 0 production.
- Strange Particle Production
- Gargamelle-PS - **15 ** events.
- FNAL - ≈ 100 events
- ZGS - 7 events
- BNL - 8 events
- Larger NOMAD sample expected

- CC

- Motivation: Detailed Knowledge of low-energy Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions  DISMAL_**As we saw MiniBooNe and K2K improving the situation at Lower Energies**_

-  + n     - + p

- S. Zeller - NuInt04

## The MINERA Detector 

- Active target of scintillator bars (6t total, 3 - 5 t fiducial) - M64PMT
- Surrounded by calorimeters
- upstream calorimeters are Pb, Fe targets (~1t each)
- magnetized side and downstream tracker/calorimeter

- C, Fe and Pb
- Nuclear targets

**OPTIONAL**

**Notes:**
here’s what results from that exercise.  surrounding active; calorimeters, OD and MR magnetized

## Active Target Module

- Planes of strips are hexagonal
- inner detector: active scintillator strip tracker rotated by 60o to get stereo U and V views
- Pb “washers” around outer 15 cm of active target
- outer detector: frame, HCAL, spectrometer
- XUXV planes  module

**Inner, fully-active****strip detector**

- Outer Detectormagnetized sampling calorimeter

**Notes:**
four views together in a module.  inner detector is a hexagon, surrounded with “rings” of outer detector

## Performance of the Detector:Tracking in Active Target

- technique pioneered by D0 upgrade pre-shower detector

- Coordinate resolution from triangular geometry is excellent
- ~ 2-3 mm in transverse direction from light sharing

- 3.3cm

- 1.7cm

**Notes:**
light sharing gets us good resolution

## Location in NuMI Near Hall

- MINERA preferred running is as close as possible to MINOS, (without Muon Ranger), using MINOS as high energy muon spectrometer
- If necessary, MINERA can run stand-alone elsewhere in the hall with the muon ranger

**Notes:**
Initially want to locate in front of MINOS.
If not desirable or acceptable after study from MINOS, plan B is to go elsewhere and build MR.  Not a cost driver.

## The NuMI Neutrino Beam

- Main injector: 120 GeV protons

*110 m*

*1 km*

- Move target only

- Move target and
- Second horn

**With E-907(MIPP) at Fermilab to measure particle spectra from the NuMI target,expect to know neutrino flux to **
** ****≈**** ****±**** **_**3-4 %.**_

## MINERA will have the statistics to cover a wide variety of important  physics topics

**Main Physics Topics with Expected Produced Statistics**
**Quasi-elastic**** ****	****	****	****	****300 K events off 3 tons CH**
**Resonance Production**** ****	****	****	****600 K total, 450 K 1******
**Coherent Pion Production****	********25 K CC / 12.5 K NC**
**Nuclear Effects**** ****	****	****	****C:0.6M, Fe: 1M and Pb: 1 M**
******T**** and Structure Functions**** ****	****	****2.8 M total /1.2 M DIS event**
**Strange and Charm Particle Production**** ****	****> 60 K fully reconstructed events**
**Generalized Parton Distributions**** ****	****	****(few K events?)****	****	**

- Assume **9x10****20**** POT**: MINOS chooses 7**.0x**1020** in LE ********beam, 1.2x**1020** in sME and 0.8x**1020** in sHE**

-  Event Rates per fiducial ton
- Process		CC	  NC
- Quasi-elastic	103 K	  42 K
- Resonance		196 K	  70 K
- Transition		210 K         	  65 K
- DIS		420 K	125 K
- Coherent		 8.4 K	 4.2 K
**TOTAL****	****	****940 K****	****305 K**

**Typical Fiducial Volume = **
**3-5 tons CH,  0.6 ton C, ≈ 1 ton Fe **
**and ≈ 1 ton Pb**
**3 - 4.5 M events in CH**
**0.5 M events in C**
**1 M events in Fe**
**1 M events in Pb**

## A few MINERA Physics Results:Quasi-elastic ScatteringMINERA: 300 K events off CH and over 100 K off of Fe and Pb 

- Cross-section important for understanding low-energy neutrino oscillation results and needed for all low energy neutrino monte carlos used in neutrino oscillation analyses.
- Constrained kinematics help measure final state interactions off three different nuclear targets.

- MINERA

- Expected MiniBooNe
- And K2K measurements

- S. Zeller - NuInt04

**Expected MiniBooNe **
**and K2K measurements**

## Coherent Pion Production MINERA: 25 K CC / 12.5 K NC events off C - 8.3 K CC/ 4.2 K NC off Fe and Pb

- MINERA

- Characterized by a small energy transfer
- to the nucleus, forward going . NC (0 production) significant background for  --> .e oscillation search
- Data has not been precise enough  to discriminate   between several very different models.
- Expect roughly (30-40)% detection efficiency with MINERA**.**
- Can also study A-dependence with MINERA

**Expected MiniBooNe **
**and K2K measurements**

- Rein-Seghal

- Paschos-
- Kartavtsev

## Nuclear Effects  MINERA: 2.8 M events off CH, 600 K off C and 1 M events off of Fe and Pb

- Q2 distribution for SciBar detector

***MiniBooNE***
*From J. Raaf*
*(NOON04)*

- 	All “known” nuclear effects taken into account:
- Pauli suppression, Fermi Motion, Final State Interactions
-            They have **not included** low- shadowing that is only
-         allowed with axial-vector (Boris Kopeliovich at NuInt04)
- 	Lc = 2 / (m2 + Q2)  ≥  RA	**(not **m2**)**
-  _L__c__ __**100 times shorter with **_m_**allowing low **____**-low **__Q__2__** shadowing**_
**     **ONLY MEASURABLE VIA NEUTRINO - NUCLEUS
-     INTERACTIONS!**  MINER********A WILL **_**MEASURE**_** THIS **
**   ****ACROSS A WIDE **** AND **Q2** RANGE WITH  C : Fe : Pb**

- Problem has existed
- for close to three years

- Larger than expected rollover at low Q2

## Importance for Neutrino Oscillation ExperimentsHow Nuclear Effects enter m2 Analyses

**Measurement of ********m****2  ****with MINOS**
- Need to understand the relationship between the incoming neutrino energy and the visible energy in the detector
- Expected from MINERA
- Improve understanding of pion and nucleon absorption
- Understand intra-nuclear scattering effects
- Understand how to extrapolate these effects from one A to another
- Improve measurement of pion production cross-sections
- Understand low- shadowing with neutrinos

## How MINERA Would Help Off-axis Experiments 

- Current Accuracy of Low-energy Cross-sections
- QE = 20%
- RES = 40%
- DIS = 20%
- COH = 100%

- With MINERnA Measurements of 
- QE = 5%
- RES = 5, 10% (CC, NC)
- DIS = 5%
- COH = 20%

- Total fractional error in the background predictions as a function of Near Detector off-axis Angle

**Without MINER********A measurements of ******** **
**oscillation probability measurement could be limited by systematics!**

## Detector: Cost Summary and ScheduleBeam and Experimental Hall already Exist!

- Detector: Cost Summary and ScheduleBeam and Experimental Hall already Exist!

- Costs are primarily scaled from experience of MINERA collaborators on CMS HCAL and MINOS
- $2.55Mequipment
- $1.41Mlabor, EDIA
- $1.54Mcontingency(39% avg.)
- _Sum $5.5M_
- Full project costs not updated since proposal (steel costs up)
- _Schedule for full detector: ~ __26 - 30 months__ from start_

**Notes:**
this includes MR
sub-project labor is all costed assuming technicians (could save on some tasks with students)

## Summary

- MINERA, a recently approved experiment, brings together the expertise of the HEP and NP communities to address the challenges of low-energy -A physics.
- MINERA will accumulate significantly more events in important exclusive channels across a wider E range than currently available. With excellent knowledge of the beam,  will be well-measured.
- With C, Fe and Pb targets MINERA will enable a systematic study of nuclear effects in -A interactions, known to be different than well-studied e-A channels.
- MINERA results will dramatically improve the systematic errors of current and future neutrino oscillation experiments.
- We welcome additional collaborators!!