# Presentation: 501765

## Session 4:Methamphetamine and Cocaine

## Differences Between Cocaine and Methamphetamine

- Cocaine effects: 1 to 2 hours.
- Methamphetamine effects: 8 to 12 hours.
- Withdrawal from methamphetamine can cause more intense symptoms and last longer.

- Matrix IOP

## Dopamine

- Is a chemical that is always present in the brain
- Plays an important role in
- 	- Body movement
- 	- Thinking
- 	- Motivation and reward
- 	- Pleasure responses

- Matrix IOP

## Example of Dopamine’s Effect

- Eating ****** **   Dopamine ****** **Pleasure ****
- Motivation (desire) to eat again
- when hungry

- Matrix IOP

## Dopamine Imbalance

- Too *much* dopamine causes nervousness, irritability, aggressiveness, paranoia, and bizarre thoughts.
- Too *little *dopamine causes low mood, fatigue, tremors, and problems with muscle control.

- Matrix IOP

## Dopamine and Stimulant Drugs

- Meth/cocaine =       Dopamine =
**Mostly Pleasure ****+**** Some Negative Effects**

- Matrix IOP

## Dopamine and Stimulant Use Over Time

**	****	**
- Stimulant use = Damaged dopamine system =
- Some pleasure + many negative effects

- Matrix IOP

## 

UseDepressionCravingUse 

Cycle = Addiction

- UseDepressionCravingUse
- Cycle = Addiction

- Matrix IOP

## Route of Administration

- How a drug is taken influences
- How quickly it produces an effect
- The strength of the drug’s effects, both positive and negative
- The kind of negative effects a person will experience

- Matrix IOP

## Methamphetamine

- Matrix IOP

## Street Names

- Known on the street as
- Meth
- Ice
- Glass
- Crank
- Crystal
- Speed
- Chalk
- Tweak

- Matrix IOP

## Popularity of Meth

- Meth use more than doubled between 1994 and 2000.
- From 2002 to 2004 the number of people using meth and starting to use meth has been constant.
- From 2002 to 2004, the average age when people start using jumped from 19 to 22.

- Matrix IOP

## Who Uses Meth?

- Meth is traditionally used by Caucasian, male, blue-collar workers.
- Use spread to the party and club scene.
- Use is increasing among Hispanics and young people who are homeless.
- Men and women use in equal numbers.
- Use is increasing in the workplace.

- Matrix IOP

## Immediate Psychological Effects

-      	Euphoria
-      	Alertness or wakefulness
-      	Feelings of strength/energy
- 		Feelings of invulnerability
-      	Feelings of confidence/competence
-      	Feelings of sexual desire
-      	Boredom, loneliness, and shyness

- Matrix IOP

## Immediate Physical Effects

- 		Heart rate			Blood pressure
- 		Pupil size			Breathing rate
- 		Sound sensitivity	 	Body temperature
- 		Appetite			Sleep
- 		Reaction time

- Matrix IOP

## Toxic Effects

- Methamphetamine can cause serious psychological and physical damage.
- Negative effects begin fairly soon.

- Matrix IOP

## Chronic Psychological Effects

- Confusion
- Loss of ability to concentrate and organize information
- Loss of ability to feel pleasure without the drug
- Paranoia
- Insomnia and fatigue
- Mood swings
- Irritability and anger
- Depression
- Anxiety and panic disorder
- Reckless, unprotected sexual behavior

- Matrix IOP

## Severe Psychological Effects

- Hallucinations
- Severe depression that can lead to suicidal thoughts or attempts
- Episodes of sudden, violent behavior
- Severe memory loss that may be permanent

- Matrix IOP

## Chronic Physical Effects 

- Tremor
- Weakness
- Dry mouth
- Weight loss/malnutrition
- Increased sweating
- Oily skin
- Sores
- Headaches
- Severe problems with teeth and gums

- Matrix IOP

## Severe Physical Effects 

- Seizures
- Damaged blood vessels in the brain/stroke
- Damaged brain cells
- Irregular heartbeat/sudden death
- Heart attack or chronic heart problems
- Kidney failure
- Liver failure
- “Tweaking”
- Infected skin sores

- Matrix IOP

## Meth Is Not Just Meth

- Up to 60 percent of what a person injects, snorts, or smokes is *not* meth:
- 	Meth is full of impurities, such as lead acetate 	or mercury, which can lead to heavy metal 	poisoning.
- 	Meth is “cut” with other substances to 	maximize profits.

- Matrix IOP

## Injecting Meth

- Injecting meth can cause
- Blood clots
- Skin abscesses
- HIV, tuberculosis, or hepatitis C virus exposure
- Heart inflammation
- Pneumonia
- Kidney failure

- Matrix IOP

## Snorting Meth

- Snorting meth can cause
- Sinus infection
- Holes in the septum
- Hoarseness
- Nosebleeds

- Matrix IOP

## Smoking Meth

- Smoking meth can cause
- Throat problems
- Burned lips
- Lung congestion
- Severe coughing with black mucus
- Chronic lung disease

- Matrix IOP

## Meth Dose and Effects

- 		       Dose   =    	      Toxic				         Effects

- Matrix IOP

## Pregnancy and Meth

- Increased risk of
- 	Fetal stroke or brain hemorrhage, often 	causing death
- 	Premature birth
- 	HIV or hepatitis virus exposure
- Babies of mothers who used meth during pregnancy may have
- 	Abnormal reflexes
- 	Extreme irritability
- 	Trouble eating and digesting food

- Matrix IOP

## Other Effects on Children

- Children living in home-based meth labs are affected by
- 	Fires, explosions, chemical spills, and toxic 	fumes that can burn lungs; can damage the 	brain, kidneys, or liver; and even can be fatal
- 	Abuse and neglect by parents or others
**700 children present in meth labs in 2001 tested positive for toxic chemicals.**

- Matrix IOP

## Other Problems With Meth Labs

- Toxic fumes remain in walls/carpets, putting everyone in the house at risk.
- People moving into a home that once housed a meth lab are at risk.
- For every pound of meth produced, 5 to 6 pounds of toxic waste are created and dumped.

- Matrix IOP

## Cocaine

- Matrix IOP

## Street Names

- Known on the street as
- Coke
- Snow
- Flake
- Blow

- Matrix IOP

## Crack Cocaine

- A smokable form of cocaine
- Sometimes called “rock” or “freebase”

- Matrix IOP

## Nearly 34 million Americans have used cocaine at some time in their lives.
About 2 million people in the United States reported current use of cocaine.
2.5 percent of young people ages 12 to 17 reported that they had used cocaine at least 1 time.
16 percent of young adults ages 18 to 25 reported using cocaine at least 1 time.

- About 2 million people in the United States reported *current* use of cocaine.
- 2.5 percent of young people ages 12 to 17 reported that they had used cocaine at least 1 time.
- 16 percent of young adults ages 18 to 25 reported using cocaine at least 1 time.

**Popularity of Cocaine**

- Matrix IOP

## Who Uses Cocaine?

- Adults 18 to 25 years old have a higher rate of current cocaine use than those in any other age group.
- Overall, men have a higher rate of current cocaine use than do women.

- Matrix IOP

## Immediate Psychological Effects

- 		 Euphoria
- 		 Energy
- 		 Talkativeness
- 		 Sensitivity to sensations of sight,	 sound, and touch
- 		 Mental alertness
- 		 Confidence
- 		 Feelings of sexual desire

- Matrix IOP

## Immediate Physical Effects      Constricted blood vessels

- 		 Pupil size			Temperature
- 		 Heart rate			 Blood pressure
- 		 Appetite			 Sleep

- Matrix IOP

## Warning

- 	In rare instances, sudden death can occur with cocaine use.
- 	Alcohol + Cocaine = Increased risk

- Matrix IOP

## Chronic Psychological Effects

- Irritability
- Depression
- Increasing restlessness
- Paranoia
- Auditory hallucinations
- Bizarre and/or violent behavior
- Damaged ability to feel pleasure
- HIV or hepatitis C virus exposure

- Matrix IOP

## Chronic Physical Effects

- Disturbances in heart rhythm
- Heart attacks
- Chest pain
- Pneumonia
- Respiratory failure
- Strokes
- Significant weight loss/malnutrition
- Seizures
- Headaches

- Matrix IOP

## Injecting Cocaine

- Injecting cocaine can cause
- Abscesses (infected sores) at injection sites
- Severe allergic reactions
- Exposure to HIV and hepatitis C virus

- Matrix IOP

## Snorting Cocaine

- Snorting cocaine can cause
- Loss of sense of smell
- Problems with swallowing
- Chronically inflamed, runny nose
- Nosebleeds
- Hoarseness
- Deviated septum

- Matrix IOP

## Smoking Crack

- Smoking crack can cause
- Throat problems
- Burned lips
- Lung congestion
- Severe coughing
- Chronic lung disease

- Matrix IOP

## Cocaine Dose and Effects

- 		       Dose   =    	   	Toxic 					      Effects

- Matrix IOP

## Pregnancy and Cocaine

- Increased risk of
- Premature birth
- Low birth weight
- Smaller than normal head size
- Shorter than normal length
- HIV or hepatitis virus exposure

- Matrix IOP

## Cocaine–Exposed Children

- As cocaine-exposed children grow up, they may
- Have trouble paying attention to tasks
- Have trouble thinking things through
- Have trouble learning new information

- Matrix IOP