# Presentation: 455825

## Use of A Cooling, Heating & Power System in a Supermarket, or

**Richard Sweetser**
**President**
**EXERGY Partners Corp.**

## Anatomy of a Research, Test & Verification Project

**Richard Sweetser**
**President**
**EXERGY Partners Corp.**

## Lessons Learned

**Lessons Learned**

## Test Site

**A 71,000 square foot existing supermarket located in southwestern Texas.  **
**The store is equipped with one low temperature rack, one split temperature rack, two medium temperature racks and a dual path HVAC system.  **
**The four refrigeration systems are packaged rooftop units.**

## Rooftop

**The basic premise for the test is to supply enough continuous on-site power to provide thermal energy for an absorption chiller to supply liquid refrigerant sub-cooling to the low temperature and medium temperature refrigeration racks.  **

## Condensing Unit

**Calculations, assuming a lithium bromide absorption system, show that subcooling liquid refrigerant to 45°F on each of the four refrigeration condensing units would require a minimum of 15 RT, average of 18 RT and maximum of 31 RT.  The essential element is not to take the store grid independent, but to effectively use the thermal energy to provide the liquid refrigerant sub-cooling. **

## The Test Plan

## Equipment Layout

## Absorption Chiller Performance

**The capacity of the lithium bromide/water chiller is assumed to vary with condenser and chilled water temperature according to the graphs below. Net Capacity is assumed to be 20 tons.**
**The chilled water supply temperature is assumed to be held above 41********F.  The condenser water is assumed to be the wet bulb + 9********F, but not less than 75********F.**

## Sub-cooling Load

**The sub-cooling load to maintain the liquid temperature at 45********F is shown below.  The liquid temperature entering the sub-cooler is assumed to be 5********F lower than SDT. **
**In reality the chiller is sized at 20 tons, so the refrigerant will not be cooled to 45********F at all times.  SDT is assumed to 12********F greater than ambient, but never to drop below 80********F.**

## HX Assumptions

**We assume the following performance HX and chiller:**
***HX effectiveness:  ******	******92% (minimum flow on refrigerant side)***
***Chiller capacity:******	******20 tons (nominal)***
***Chiller delta-T:******	******16************F (nominal)***
***Chiller flow:******	******30 gpm (constant; total for all HX’s)***

## Chiller Load Calculation

**Iterative calculations at peak ambient: 98.6********F (SDT = 110.6********F)**
**Chiller Capacity: 24.7 tons at 49********F brine supply and 68.7********F brine return with 85.7********F condensing temperature and 105.6********F entering, 53.5********F leaving liquid refrigerant.**
**The chilled water temperature will float down to a minimum of 41********F as ambient temperature lowers.  The plot below compares the available chiller capacity to the subcooling loads.  **
**The minimum liquid temperature achieved with the 41********F chilled water temperature is 43.7********F.  **
**The amount of modulation of chiller capacity in this case is modest so the chiller should be able to match the load.**

## Anticipated Performance

## Anticipated Performance

## ISO ERCOT Transaction Meter

**ISO ERCOT Transaction Meter**

## TCEQ

**East Texas Region:**
***(i) ******	******Units installed prior to January 1, 2005 and***
**(a) ****	****operating **>** 300 hours per year - 0.47 lb/MWh;**
**operating ******** 300 hours per year - 1.65 lb/MWh;**
***(ii) Units installed on or after January 1, 2005 and***
**(a) ****	****operating **>** 300 hours per year - 0.14 lb/MWh;**
**(b) ****	****operating ******** 300 hours per year - 0.47 lb/MWh;**

## TCEQ CHP Emissions Calculations

|   | Initial Year | Later Years     (10% Degraded) | Calculations |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | lb / MWh | lb / MWh |   |
| Bowman Microturbine NOx Emissions Rate | 0.62 | 0.682 | [1] |
|   |   |  |   |
| Microturbine Electricity Production (kWh/yr) | 654.3  |  | [2] |
| Average Electric Output (kW) | 74.7  |  |   |
| Microturbine NOx Emissions (lb/yr)  | 405.7  | 446.2  | [3] = [1] x [2] |
|   |   |  |   |
| Chilled Water Load (ton-hr/yr) | 152,518  |  | [4] |
| Average Chiller Load (tons) | 17.4 |  |   |
| Thermal Input to Chiller (MMBtu) | 3,050.4  |  | [5] = [4] / COP |
|   |   |  |   |
| Equivalent CHP Output (MWh) | 1,548.0  |  | [6] = [2] + [5] / 3.413 |
| CHP System NOx Emissions Rate (lb / MWh) | 0.262  | 0.288  |  [7] = [3] / [6]  |

## TCEQ Permit Paperwork

**TCEQ Permit Paperwork**

## Building Permit

- ELECTRICAL ONE LINE

- APPLICATION

## Building Permit

- EQUIPMENT PAD  LAYOUT

- GENERAL PROJECT LAYOUT

## Building Permit

- CHILLED WATER PIPING

- CHILLER MODULE

## Building Permit

- MICROTURBINE

## Building Permit

- GAS TRAIN & OIL PIPING

- HEAT RECOVERY & EXHAUST DUCTING

## Absorption Chiller / Cooling Tower Module Ready for Installation

## Microturbine Ready for Installation

## Project Timeline

- Site Agreement Neg with 2nd in0-house HEB attorney

**Project Timeline**

**Project**
**Concept**
**Complete **

**Driver**
**Assessment**
**Underway **

- 2002

- January

- February

- March

- April

- May

- June

- July

- August

- September

- October

- November

- December

**Waiting on**
**Equipment**
**Selection **

**Select**
**Bowman / Broad**
**Equipment **

**Project**
**Concept**
**Complete **

**Driver**
**Assessment**
**Underway **

**Still Waiting **
**on Site**
**Agreement **

**Near Final**
**Draft **

**Still in Site**
**Agreement**
**Negotiations**

**Still in Site**
**Agreement**
**Negotiations**

**Site Agreement**
**Executed **

**Waiting on**
**EPRI Site Agr **
** ****as Model **

- AGF Receives Final Contract from DOE

- Equity One Buys HEB Strip Mall

- Site Agreement Neg with 1st in-house HEB attorney

## Project Timeline

- Microturbine Arrives

**Final Design Review Meeting**

**Broad Chiller Ordered 16 wks Delivery**

- 2003

- January

- February

- March

- April

- May

- June

- July

- August

- September

- October

- November

- December

**CPS Bid Process September Startup **

**Select**
**Bowman / Broad**
**Equipment **

**CPS working with HEB on Air Permit**

**CPS working on Permits**

**Change in Air Permit – 2 Month Delay **

**Set up System Operator in Texas**

**Secured Air Permit**

**Still in Site**
**Agreement**
**Negotiations**

**CPS Negotiating for ROW with Equity One**

**CPS in Neg with Equity One **

- Chiller Arrives

- Equity One buys former k-mart

- Move to confirm Right of Way with Equity One

- Equity One ties Right of Way to K-Mart Settlement

- Prepare Building Permit

- Acquire Building Permit

## Project Timeline

**Project Timeline**

**CPS Awaiting Equity One Reply to Offer**

- 2004

- January

- February

- March

- April

- May

- June

- July

- August

- September

- October

- November

- December

## Current Status

## Thank You