# Presentation: 169155

## MINERA

**MINER********A**

- Deborah Harris   Fermilab                             WIN05, 

**Notes:**
main goals of talk: 
reintroduce MINERvA, 
explain our progress on R&D and
 how we are becoming “a project”

## The MINERA Collaboration

- D. Drakoulakos, P. Stamoulis, G. Tzanakos, M. Zois*University of Athens, Greece*
- D. Casper#, J. Dunmore, C. Regis, B. Ziemer*University of California, Irvine*
- E. Paschos*University of Dortmund*
- D. Boehnlein, D. A. Harris#, N. Grossman, M. Kostin, J.G. Morfin*, A. Pla-Dalmau, P. Rubinov, P. Shanahan, P. Spentzouris*Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory*
- M.E. Christy, W. Hinton, C.E. Keppel*Hampton University*
- R. Burnstein, O. Kamaev, N. Solomey*Illinois Institute of Technology*
- S. Kulagin*Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia*
- I. Niculescu. G. Niculescu*James Madison University*
- G. Blazey, M.A.C. Cummings, V. Rykalin*Northern Illinois University*

- W.K. Brooks, A. Bruell, R. Ent, D. Gaskell, W. Melnitchouk, S. Wood*Jefferson Lab*
- S. Boyd, D. Naples, V. Paolone*University of Pittsburgh*
- A. Bodek, R. Bradford, H. Budd, J. Chvojka, P. de Barbaro, S. Manly, K. McFarland*, J. Park, W. Sakumoto, J. Steinman*University of Rochester*
- R. Gilman, C. Glasshausser, X. Jiang,G. Kumbartzki, K. McCormick, R. Ransome#, E. Schulte*Rutgers University*
- A. Chakravorty*Saint Xavier University*
- D. Cherdack, H. Gallagher, T. Kafka, W.A. Mann, W. Oliver*Tufts University*
- J.K. Nelson#, F.X. Yumiceva*The College of William and Mary*

- * Co-Spokespersons# Members of the MINERvA Executive Committee

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

**Notes:**
Our collaboration is modest in size (well-sized for the scope of project)Significant involvement of “nuclear physics” groups (JLab users and staff)

## We are entering a new era...

- Oscillation experiments are requiring
- precision
- long distances
- New Very Intense Beamlines are here!
- NuMI at Fermilab:  has achieved 150kWatts, designed for 400kWatts
- CNGS under construction, 120kWatt
- T2K has goal of 750kWatts

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

## With new era, new Opportunities

- Extremely intense beam means near detectors see huge event rates
- Example:  NuMI low energy beam, get ~million events per ton-year in near hall
- MIPP measurements of NuMI target mean that  flux will be better predicted than ever before
- Perfect opportunity for precision  interaction studies

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

## Why measure  interactions precisely?

- Precise Oscillation measurements need it
- Ultimate precision in m2 from disappearance
- Accurate background predictions for appearance
- Translating from events above bkgd to appearance probability!
- New precise Jefferson Lab measurements of electron scattering are inspiring nuclear physicists to consider neutrinos
- Vector versus axial vector form factors
- Nuclear effects:  are they the same or different for neutrinos?

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

## How MINOS will use MINERA 

- Visible Energy in Calorimeteris NOT  energy!
-  absorption, rescattering
- final state rest mass

- 

- 

- Nuclear Effects Studied in Charged Lepton Scattering, from Deuterium to Lead, at High energies, but nuclear corrections may be different between e/ and  scattering

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

**Notes:**
In MINOS: need energy but what you see in calorimeter is not what came in
MINERvA helps to untangle this by studying nuclear effects in exclusive final states
We argue this effectively increases proton efficiency of MINOS

## How NOA will use MINERA Measurements 

| Process | QE | RES | COH | DIS |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| NOW (CC,NC) | 20% | 40% | 100% | 20% |
|  after MINERA (CC/NC) | 5%/na | 5%/10% | 5%/20% | 5%/10% |

- Without MINERA, NOA risks being limited by cross section uncertainties

- Near and Far fluxes will have different compositions no matter how much →e

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

**Notes:**
NOvA and T2K both have two problems: feed-down backgrounds from higher energy and efficiency of signal depends on final state cross-sections
Caveat: this study is pre-TASD.  Primary effects of TASD are to decrease sensitivity to NC/CC backgrounds and increase sensitivity to details of final state for nue events (qualitative statement).. Quantitatively nue/non-nue was 1:1 for theta13=0.  Now is 2:1.  Debbie Harris has argued that biggest effect is actually when mixing is large because of final state effects!

## How will T2K use MINERvA measurements

- Note that as in NOvA, T2K’s near detector will be a very different mix of events than the far detector.
- To make accurate prediction, need
- 1 - 4 GeV neutrino cross sections
- Energy Dependence of cross	sections
- MINERvA can provide these with NuMI beamline Low Energy running!

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

**Notes:**
Similar story here.  Lower energy x-sections more important.

## What about Near Detectors?

- MINOS Near Detector:
- Can’t test nuclear effect models with only one nucleus!
- NOvA and T2K Near Detectors:
- Can’t measure energy dependence with only one energy
- If near design is same as far, can’t separate backgrounds any better near than far
*MINERvA design solves all*
*three of these problems*

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

**Notes:**
Near detectors are critical for oscillation experiments.  They do not address what MINERvA can address.

FOR ALL THESE SLIDES:  PAC has seen this all before and we have spent ~60 minutes on this in past.  I don’t really have time to go through all of this in as much detail here.

## MINERA and Cross-Sections

- MINERA and Cross-Sections

- High Q2 axial form factor of nucleon(complements high Q2 vector FF, hot at JLab)
- coherent cross-sections vs. energy(exploit resolution, containing detector)
- differential dists. of exclusive final states(multi-purpose containing detector, high stats)
- A-dependence of:
- low Q2 elastic (K2K/MiniBooNE
-     “low Q2 problem”?)
- exclusive final states (nuclear re-interactions)
- deep inelastic scattering (F2, xF3)

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

**Notes:**
It’s not the focus of the talk (has been in previous PAC presentations and discussions) 
To remind you of some of the highlights (and on slide but not in words where they come from)
high Q^2 form factor in axial current (hot topic at JLab because of surprises in vector FF)
coherent scattering... nail rate and A dependence which are very poorly known at low E and light A
differential distribution of exclusive reactions (largely important for oscillation)
first comprehensive studies of A dependence in axial current

## Detector Design

- MINERA proposes to build a low-risk detector with simple, well-understood technology
- Active core is segmented solid scintillator (K2K SciBar)
- tracking (including low momentum recoil protons)
- particle identification
- few ns timing (track direction, identify stopped K±)
- Surrounded by electromagnetic and then hadronic calorimeters
- photon (0) and hadron (±) energy measurement
- magnetized for charge, momentum measurement of escaping muons at wide angles

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

**Notes:**
MINERvA detector is simple... reduce risks in schedule, cost and technical failure
Solid scint core (fully active part necessary for soft tracks, photon tracking)
This “chewy center” surrounded by crunchy shell of tracking calorimeters gives particle containment, energy measurement and particle ID
Muons are not contained always... rely on MINOS near for forward muons

## Basic Detector Geometry

- 

- Active segmented scint. detector 5.87 tons
- ~1 ton of US nuclear target planes (C, Fe, Pb)

- DS Cals, Nucl. Targets just add absorber to scintillator planes
- Magnetized OD (HCAL) frames

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

**Notes:**
Cartoon of the detector: walk through from inside

## Example Events

- Quasi-elastic n–p
- proton and muon tracks are clearly resolved
- observed energy deposit is shown as size of hit; can clearly see larger proton dE/dx
- precise determination of vertex and measurement of Q2 from tracking

- 

- p

- 

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

## Example Events (cont’d)

- 0 Production
- two photons clearly resolved (tracked).  can find vertex.
- some photons shower in ID,some in side ECAL (Pb absorber) region
- photon energy resolution is ~6%/sqrt(E) (average)

- 

- 

- 

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

## Extruded Scintillator and Optics

- Basic element: 1.7x3.3cm triangular strips.1.2mm WLS fiber readout in center hole

- MINERA optical system

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

**Notes:**
assemble triangular strips into planes.  may add absorber between them to make calorimeters
OD: square strips
well-worn technical choice.  triangular light sharing for precision tracking pioneered by D0 preshower

## Vertical Slice Test (VST1)

- VST1 array,electronics and DAQ

- 8 PE/MIP per doublet

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

**Notes:**
pretty pictures showing the parts of our VST1 and the main result.. adequate light yield, unglued and without coextrusion and both of these will help get more light, could get up to 12PE/MIP

## Current Prototyping

- Refining scint. extrusion
- First “trapezoid” of OD steel
- Prototype PMT box
- Prototype clear fiber cables in progress
- 2nd Prototype front-end andprototype readout electronics

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

**Notes:**
Trying to build the “first one” of many parts.
Key effort is electronics at FNAL but many smaller efforts at Universities.

## MINERA statistics and running

**Main Physics Topics with Expected Produced Statistics**
**Quasi-elastic** - +n --> +p -  300 K events off 3 tons CH
**Resonance Production** - e.g. +N --->  /600 K total, 450K 1
**Coherent Pion Production** - +A -->  /25 K CC / 12.5 K NC
**Nuclear Effects** - C: 0.6M events, Fe: 1M and Pb: 1 M
-  ******T**** and Structure Functions** - 2.8 M total /1.2 M DIS events
**Strange and Charm Particle Production** - (> 60 K **fully** reconstructed)

- Assume 9x1020 POT: 7**.0x**1020** in LE ********beam, 1.2x**1020** in sME ********beam and 0.8x**1020** in sHE ********beam**

-  Event Rates per fiducial ton
- Process		CC	  NC
- Quasi-elastic	103 K	  42 K
- Resonance		196 K	  70 K
- Transition		210 K         	  65 K
- DIS		420 K	125 K
- Coherent		 8.4 K	 4.2 K
**TOTAL****	****	****940 K****	****305 K**

**Typical Fiducial Volume = **
**3-5 tons CH,  0.6 ton C, ≈ 1 ton Fe **
**and ≈ 1 ton Pb**
**3 - 4.5 M events in CH**
**0.5 M events in C**
**1 M events in Fe**
**1 M events in Pb**

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

## Sample Expected Results

- Axial Form Factor athigh Q2: two modelswith MINERA errors

- A-dependence of coherent pion production: two modelswith MINERA errors

- F2, Pb/C,withMINERAerrors

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

**Notes:**
without describing in detail...
MINERvA is taking essential unknowns here
high Q^2 axial FFs
A dependence in DIS SFs
A dependence and level of coherent scattering (narrow band is region where coherent scattering is measured)
why so good? overwhelming statistics, broad variety of final state particles reconstructed with good acceptance, separation of different exclusive reactions

## MINERA Schedule

- April 2004 – Stage I approval from FNAL PAC
- October 2004 – Complete first Vertical Slice Test with MINERνA extrusions, WLS fiber and Front-End electronics
- January 2005 – First Project Director’s (‘Temple’) Review
- Summer 2005 – Second Vertical Slice Test
- End CY 2005 – Projected Date for MINERvA Project Baseline Review
- October 2006 – Start of Construction
- Summer 2008 – MINERvA Installation and Commissioning in NuMI Near Hall

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005

**Notes:**
Have a detailed scheudle that allows us to analyze critical path, effect of delaying funding
Key results are here... 18 mo from construction funds if active R&D in meantime.  Starting from where we are now if funding arrives when we want it is 24 mo.

## Summary

- NuMI provides opportunity to break new ground on precision neutrino interaction measurements
- MINERvA is unique in worldwide program:
- On-axis near detector allows energy dependence measurements
- Detector with several different nuclear targets allows first glance at neutrino nuclear effects!
- On track technically to build and use detector
- R&D and prototyping progressing
- For more, see http://www.pas.rochester.edu/minerva

- D. Harris, MINERvA

- 6 June 2005