# Presentation: 296446

## NASA P-3B in ARCTAS:Science Goals, Payload and Flight Plans Platform Scientist : Phil Russell Instrument PIs: John Barrick, Anthony Bucholtz, Antony Clarke, Charles Gatebe, Jens Redemann, Sebastian Schmidt, Tony Strawa

**ARCTAS Science Team Meeting**** Lanham-Seabrook, MD ****8-10 Jan 2008**

## P-3B in ARCTAS

_**P-3B in ARCTAS**_

_**Overall Goal**_**: Contribute measurements and analyses that address the scientific questions posed by ARCTAS’s**
** ****Theme 3:**** ****Aerosol Radiative Forcing**** (including indirect aerosol forcing via clouds)**
** ****Theme 2: Boreal Forest Fires**
**while also contributing to ARCTAS’s:**
** **
**Theme 1, Long-Range Transport of Pollution to the Arctic, **
**Theme 4, Chemical Processes.**

**With its ARCTAS payload, the P-3 provides a **_**common platform**_** for linking variations in **_**atmospheric radiation**_** to **_**microphysics and chemistry**_** of aerosol as needed for reliable interpretations of satellite inversions and refining model products.  This is essential for climate forcing assessment in terms of emissions and or mitigation strategies.**

## P-3B in ARCTAS

**More specifically, we plan to address the following joint POLARCAT-ARCTAS objectives:**
- • **Determine the ****vertical layering**** of Arctic pollution, ****associated optical properties ****and the**** related physiochemistry of Arctic aerosol****.**

_**P-3B in ARCTAS**_

**• ****Characterize the ****direct radiative effects**** within pollution and smoke layers in the Arctic.**
**• ****Investigate ****the size resolved properties of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and interactions of aerosols with clouds**** and their impact on ****radiative forcing****.**
**• ****Measure ****BRDF &**** ****albedo of snow, ice & other surfaces**** and compare those measurements to any available surface-based measurements of snow albedo/reflectance as affected by ****deposition of black carbon**** from ****anthropogenic**** and ****biomass burning**** sources.**
**• ****Study impact of ****boreal forest fire emissions**** on the ****composition of the troposphere**** and on ****concentrations of soot, organics and ionic species****.**
**• ****Determine the ****lofting, transport and evolution ****of smoke aerosol ****physiochemistry**** and associated ****optical properties. **
**• ****Validate aerosol, trace gas, and cloud products of space observations from polar orbital satellites****.**

- MODIS image of smoke from forest fires burning in Alaska and the Yukon, travelling into the Arctic over ice-covered areas, July 2004

## **

**ARCTAS strategy**** ****for enabling exploitation of NASA satellite data to improve understanding of arctic atmospheric composition and climate***

***Source: ARCTAS White Paper**

******

******

******

****+ clouds & radiation**

## B-200

**B-200**

**P-3**

**B-200**

**P-3**

## P-3 in ARCTAS: Payload

**P-3 in ARCTAS: Payload**

| Ames Airborne Tracking 
Sunphotometer (AATS-14) | Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) | Broad-Band Radiometers (BBR)
LW          SW |
| --- | --- | --- |
| HiGEAR Aerosols
 OPC & DMA dry size dist, volatility 
 Tandem Volatility DMA
 Neph scat + PSAP abs
 Humidified Neph f(RH)
 Ultrafine  & CN
 Time of Flight Mass Spec size resolved chemistry
 SP2  black carbon mass  | AERO3X | Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR) |
| P-3 Data System (PDS): Nav, Flight, Met (P, T, RH, ...) |  | REVEAL |

****** ****AOD**
**** **Ext**
**  ****H****2****O **
** ****vapor**

** ****Cavity Ringdown ext (2********)**
** ****Reciprocal Neph sca (2********, **RH **)**

****** ****Radiance, BRDF**

****** ****Flux****↑****,****↓****(********), albedo(********)**

****** ****Flux****↑****,****↓****, albedo**

** ****Nenes CCN**
** ****PVM cloud drop r****eff**
** ****TECO O****3**

## P-3 in ARCTAS: Instrument Layout

**P-3 in ARCTAS: Instrument Layout**

## Expected P-3 Flight Patterns for Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Goals in ARCTAS

**Expected P-3 Flight Patterns for Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Goals in ARCTAS**

**B-200**

**P-3**

## Lidar image in April 1986:

**Sloping thin layers**
**Strong gradients vertically & horizontally**
**Frequently decoupled surface layer **
**	****(relevance of surface statistics?)**
**Highest concentrations may be aloft**
**Diamond dust and stratus near surface**

**Vertical Structure of Arctic Haze**
_**Chuck Brock**_**, NOAA ESRL**
**NASA-GISS 2007**

**Lidar image in April 1986:**

*Treffeisen et al.*
- SAGE II observations suggest maximum vertical extent in March-April.

## Many P-3 scientific instruments measure sunlight, which is strongly influenced by clouds. 

**Many P-3 scientific instruments measure sunlight, which is strongly influenced by clouds. **
** **
**Hence, P-3 flight patterns are cloud-sensitive: many seek to avoid clouds, while others seek to fly near & above certain types of clouds.**
**Because clouds can change quickly and are difficult to predict, P-3 flight plans usually require flexibility to change in response to clouds.**

_**The scientific goals of the P-3 require flights containing the basic elements or patterns shown below.**_

**Survey Vertical Profile. **
**(2) Minimum-Altitude Transect. **
**(3) Parking Garage (Stepped Profile with legs of 3-15* minutes). **
**(3') Parking Garage with CAR Maneuvers. **
**(4) Above-Cloud Transect.**
**(4') Above-Cloud CAR Maneuver. **
***15 min for in situ samples**

- MODIS,MISR/Terra

**P-3**

**B-200**

## P-3 Flights—Operational Overview 

**9 Science Flights (72 hrs) from Fairbanks and/or Thule **
**	****(1-21 April 2008)**
**3 Science Flights (25 hrs) from Palmdale, CA **
**	****+ 8 Science Flights (64 hrs) from Cold Lake, Alberta **
**	****(20 June-14 Jul 2008)**
**Typical flight duration: 3-10 hours **
**All or most science flight hours during daylight. Nominal takeoff between 6 AM and 4 PM local. Fly 7 days/week.**
**"Parking Garage" pattern is a stepped profile with ramped legs linking horizontal legs, each 3-15* minutes long.**
**Ascent & descent rates <1000 ft/min in spirals & parking garages**
**Timing is critical on flights coordinated with satellite overpasses and with other aircraft (NASA B-200 & DC-8, NOAA P-3, ISDAC CV-580).**
***15 minutes for in situ sample**

## P-3 Typical Flight Plans 

- This is a collection of preliminary flight plans for P-3 operations out ofFairbanks, Thule, Cold Lake, and/or Palmdale during the Spring and Summer 2008 ARCTAS campaign. Note:

**These drafts are intended to initiate negotiations with air traffic controllers on final flight plans that will accomplish as many of our scientific objectives as possible within the constraints of their air-traffic control system.**
**These plans may not include all flight scenarios; parts of them may be combined but in general they would be shortened rather than lengthened for actual operations.**

## Summer composite

_**Strawperson Flights for P-3 in ARCTAS**_
** ****-These flight tracks are primarily intended to show areas of interest and the range of expected flight coverage.  **
**  ****Actual flight plans and objectives for any particular day will be dictated by conditions. **
**-The P-3 will span an altitude range of 200-****23,000?**** ft.**
**-Ascent/descent rates will normally be 1000-1500 fpm.**
**-Composite flight maps for Spring & Summer are shown below. Each flight is addressed separately in this document **

- Spring composite

**-****Only ground tracks are shown****, although **_**extensive vertical profiling will be conducted along these tracks**_**.  Types of vertical profiles are shown in the next slide.**
**-Ground tracks represent the approximate distance covered during a flight of 9 hrs.**
**-Intercomparison with other research aircraft and satellite under-flights will be executed as conditions allow.**

## Expected P-3 Flight Patterns for Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Goals in ARCTAS

**Expected P-3 Flight Patterns for Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Goals in ARCTAS**

**B-200**

**P-3**

## P-3 Flight 1:  

**P-3** **Flight 1:****  **
**Transit, Wallops-Thule **
**Profile at Thule. **
**Possible coordination with DC-8 near Thule**

**Thule**

**Wallops**

## ICEALOT Cruise, 17 March-28 April 2008

**ICEALOT Cruise, 17 March-28 April 2008**

## P-3 Flight 2:  

**Thule-Alert-Ship. **
**Underfly A-Train near Alert or ship. Possible coordination with DC-8 near Alert and/or **
**ship.**

**Thule**

**Alert**

**Ship**

## P-3 Flight 3:  

**P-3** **Flight 3:****  **
**Thule-Alert-Eureka-Fairbanks. **
**Underfly A-Train and/or Terra near Alert, Eureka, or Fairbanks. Possible coordination with DC-8 **
**near Alert or Eureka.**
**Possible coordination with DC-8 and/or B-200 near Fairbanks and/or Barrow.**

**Thule**

**Alert**

**Fairbanks**

**Eureka**

## P-3 Flight 3B:  

**P-3** **Flight 3B:****  **
**Thule-Resolute Bay-Barrow-Fairbanks. **
**Underfly A-Train and/or Terra near Resolute Bay, Barrow or Fairbanks. **
**Possible coordination with DC-8 and/or B-200 near Barrow or Fairbanks.**

**Thule**

**Resolute Bay**

**Fairbanks**

**Barrow**

## P-3 Flight 4:  

**P-3** **Flight 4:****  **
**Fairbanks-Barrow-Thule****. **
**Underfly A-Train and/or Terra near Barrow or Thule. **
**Possible coordination with DC-8 near Fairbanks, Barrow or Thule,**
**and/or with B-200 near Barrow or Fairbanks.**

**Thule**

**Fairbanks**

**Barrow**

## P-3 Flight 5:  

**P-3** **Flight 5:****  **
**Fairbanks-Barrow-Fairbanks****. **
**Underfly A-Train and/or Terra near Barrow. Gradient legs and/or parking garage near Barrow**
**Possible coordination with DC-8 and/or B-200 near Fairbanks or Barrow.**

**Fairbanks**

**Barrow**

## P-3 Flight 6:  

**P-3** **Flight 6:****  **
**Palmdale-Fresno-San Francisco-Monterey-Long Beach-Palmdale****. **
**Parking garages at Fresno AERONET site. Underfly A-Train and/or Terra near San Francisco **
**and/or Monterey (possible Marine stratus-aerosol study). **
**Sample/study Long Beach harbor ship & marine emissions**
**Possible coordination with DC-8.**

**Long**
**Beach**

**Fresno**

**Monterey**

## P-3 Flight 7:  

**P-3** **Flight 7:****  **
**Palmdale-Fresno-San Francisco-Cold Lake****. **
**Parking garages at Fresno AERONET site. Underfly A-Train and/or Terra near San Francisco (possible**
**Marine stratus-aerosol study). **
**Sample/study any smoke near route from San Francisco to Cold Lake**
**Possible coordination with DC-8.**

**Fresno**

**Cold Lake**

## P-3 Flight 8:  

**P-3** **Flight 8:****  **
**Cold Lake-Yellowknife-Churchill-Cold Lake****. **
**Coordination with B-200 and/or DC-8 under A-Train or Terra in smoke near Yellowknife and other points in smoke plume. **

**Cold Lake**

**Yellowknife**

**Churchill**

## P-3 Flight 9:  

**P-3** **Flight 9:****  **
**Cold Lake-Southeast Limit****. **
**Radiation & in situ work in smoke plume as far southeast as we can go & get back to Cold Lake.**
**Coordination with A-Train or Terra & possibly DC-8.**

**Fairbanks**

**Cold Lake**

## Remaining slides are backup

- End of Presentation

**Notes:**
Definitions

## Likely + Possible Surface Sun Photometer Sites

- AERONET Sites (green) + Norm O’Neill’s AeroCan (red) Sites [dashed = options]

## Likely + Possible Surface Sun Photometer Sites - Greenland View

- AERONET Sites (green) + AeroCan Sites (red) [dashed = options]

## The A-Train is a set of satellites that fly in sequence

**The A-Train is a set of satellites that fly in sequence**

**Many P-3 flights will include legs or profiles under the A-Train or other satellites**

## Many P-3 scientific instruments measure sunlight, which is strongly influenced by clouds. 

** **
**Hence, P-3 flight patterns are cloud-sensitive: many seek to avoid clouds, while others seek to fly above certain types of clouds.**
**Because clouds can change quickly and are difficult to predict, P-3 flight plans usually require flexibility to change in response to clouds.**

_**The scientific goals of the P-3 require flights containing the basic elements or patterns shown below.**_

**Survey Vertical Profile. **
**(2) Minimum-Altitude Transect. **
**(3) Parking Garage (Stepped Profile with legs of 3-15* minutes). **
**(3') Parking Garage with CAR Maneuvers. **
**(4) Above-Cloud Transect.**
**(4') Above-Cloud CAR Maneuver. **
***15 min for in situ samples**