# Presentation: 671530

## BIOSAFETY

**Presented by: Leonard LaFazia**

## Introduction Development of Biosafety Practices

-  **1941 - Meyer and Eddie ** ***74 lab associated brucellosis infections***
***in US***
-  **1949 - Sulkin and Pike ** ***222 viral infections (21 fatal)***
-  ***Only 27% related to known accidents***

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## Classification of biological samples

**Infectious substances**** **
**Diagnostic specimens**

## Why Biosafety Practices?

- Protection:
** **workers
** **“products”
** **co-workers
** **lab support personnel
** **environment

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## Protect collector, colleague, staff...
wear gloves, coat, (mask, glasses)
 VHF: double gloves, filer-masks, boots
dispose needles in special containers, without re-capping,  disinfection (sodium hypochlorite 2.5%), incineration
clean working surfaces (hypochlorite)
decontaminate material (hypochlorite 10%)

**Protect collector, colleague, staff...**
**wear gloves, coat, (mask, glasses)**
** ****VHF: double gloves, filer-masks, boots**
**dispose needles in special containers, without re-capping,  disinfection (sodium hypochlorite ****2.5%****), *****incineration***
**clean working surfaces (hypochlorite)**
**decontaminate material (hypochlorite ****10%****)**

## HIV or AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency  Syndrome)

**35,000 people are infected annually**
**An infected person may carry the virus for years before symptoms appear**
**No cure and no vaccine at present**

##  HBV or Hepatitis

**Inflammation of the liver - most common bloodborne disease**
**Symptoms range from flu-like to none at all **
**No symptoms - person is infectious and can spread the disease**
**Hepatitis infects about 300,000 people in USA annually**

## Bloodborne Diseases 

**HIV:  Human Immunodeficiency Virus causes AIDS - no cure or vaccination**
**HBV:  Hepatitis B virus causes liver disease - vaccination available**
**Non-A or Non-B Hepatitis**
**Syphilis**
**Malaria**

## Means of Transmission - Must Enter Body

**HBV, HIV virus present in blood, body fluids**
**Sexual contact with an infected partner**
**Sharing infected needles**
**Accidentally cutting yourself with a sharp object that is contaminated with infected blood, body fluids**
**Infected blood or body fluid on skin especially with open cuts, sores**
**Getting contaminated blood or body fluid in eyes, mouth.**

## General Lab Requirements: Safety

**Knowledgeable supervisor **
** ****Knowledgeable personnel**                                                    **  **
***Aware of potential hazards***
***Proficient in practices &***
***techniques***
-  **Lab specific biosafety manual**

## Special Practices

***Strictly follow guidelines:***
-  **Demonstrate proficiency**
-  **Receive appropriate training**
-  **Report incidents**
-  **Participate in medical surveillance**

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## Laboratory safety

## Special procedures

**Decontaminate work surfaces**
**Report spills and accidents**
**No animals in laboratories**

## Decontamination Agent Selection:

***Decontamination *****Agent Selection:**

**Degree of microbial killing required**
**Nature of item/ surface to be treated **
**Ease of use **
**Safety ** **Cost**

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## Centrifuge Hazard:

**Mechanical failure of machine **
**Lab equipment failure (tubes etc.)**
**Aerosol generation**
**Operator error**

**Disinfect weekly and after all spills or breakages**
**Lubricate O- rings and rotor threads weekly**
** ** **Do not use rotors that have been dropped**

## Check tubes for cracks/ chips.
Use matched sets of tubes, buckets etc.
Tightly seal all tubes and safety cups.
Ensure that rotor is locked to spindle and bucket seated.
Close lid during operation.
Allow to come to complete stop before opening.

**Use matched sets of tubes, buckets etc.**
**Tightly seal all tubes and safety cups.**
**Ensure that rotor is locked to spindle and bucket seated.**
**Close lid during operation.**
**Allow to come to complete stop before opening.**

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## Protect Yourself

**Universal Precautions **
**TREAT ALL BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS AS POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS.**
**Skin protects from pathogens - cuts, dermatitis, chapping, small cracks allow germs to enter the body**
**First aid - use gloves, have as little contact as possible  with blood or body fluids**
**Wash hands with antibacterial soap after contact**
**After contact, flush eyes and face with fresh water for several minutes**

## Clean-Up and Safe Housekeeping

**After an accident, the entire area must be cleaned with disinfectant**
**Cleaning equipment must be disinfected**
**Wear gloves while cleaning, apron or goggles if appropriate**
**Restrict access to the area**
**Use disposable towels - dispose of properly**

## Other Exposure Hazards

**Cleaning surfaces contaminated with blood, body fluids**
**ALWAYS wear gloves and protective apron or clothing**
**Be alert for sharp objects, broken glassware, used syringes in trash**
**Do not pick up broken glass - use brush or broom & dustpan**
**Dispose of glass, sharp objects safely**
**Laundry - bloody or contaminated linens or sharp objects**

## Common Sense Rules

**Wash hands & remove protective clothing before eating, drinking, smoking, handling contact lenses, applying lip balm or cosmetics**
**Keep hands away from eyes, nose, mouth while cleaning**
**Frequent handwashing is best defense against spreading infection**

## Summary

**Protect yourself on and off the job- know the facts**
**Practice good personal hygiene**
**Follow work rules, use gloves and protective clothing**
**Wash your hands often, after work or exposure**
**Keep areas clean - report problems immediately to supervisors**

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