BEE-spoke-data/govdocs1-by-extension huggingface dataset:
# Presentation: 027709

## NOAA EMS Executive Briefingfor Managers(Draft 11-24-03)

## Executive Briefing

- What is Environmental Management System?
- Why do we need to do this?
- What does it cover?
- How do we start?
- How much does it cost?
- Assistance and tools

## Environmental Management System

- E_MS_ is a SYSTEM developed to holistically manage environmental issues at a *facility*.
- The concept is not new.  It is based on a very basic management model.

## The Purpose of EMS

- Demonstrates the facility’s commitment to the environment;
- Seeks continuous improvements on our processes (e.g., travel, administrative, energy, research parties, facility operation & maintenance, laboratory, and etc) for both environmental and financial benefits;
- Allows us to work toward sustainability; and
- Promotes NOAA mission in fostering global environmental stewardship!

## So why do we need to do it?

- We have to!  The deadline is 12/31/05.
- Executive Order _[13148](http://www.epa.gov/fedsite/eo13148.htm)__ _
- DOC EMS memo dated _[4/22/03](file:///../../POLICIES/EMS%20Policy%20from%20DOC/DOC%20EMS%20policy.pdf)_
- Provoke us to challenge the status quo for improvements on our processes.
- An effective EMS will create a better working environment for our employees and collaborators.
- It is good for our business as an environmental agency!

## What does it  cover?

- Resource Management
- Energy
- Water
- Raw Material
- Pollution Prevention
- Waste Reduction
- New Technology
- Self Assessment
- NOAA internal assessment program

## How do we start?

- First order of business is securing your COMMITMENT and SUPPORT for this effort.  This is absolutely critical!
- Draft and sign an Environmental Policy (see example)
- Designate an EMS Coordinator (key appt.) at your facility
- Follow the recommended strategy that NOAA has developed for building an EMS
- The NOAA Environmental Compliance, Health & Safety, and Security Office is available for assistance

## How much does it cost?

- NOAA ECHSSO has developed most of the templates.  Contractor support is available upon request.
- The actual out of pocket dollars should be minimal.  However, still  need commitment and dedication from your facility;   namely the EMS Coordinator.
- Occasional discussions with management and process owners.
- Heavy on the front to set up but should level off.
- Never ending process.

## Assistance and Tools

- Standardized Procedures complying with EPA’s CEMP and ISO 14001.
- Template Plans and Policies
- Work Instruction samples from other facilities
- Secured web site hosting
- www.ecs.noaa.gov
# Presentation: 524304

## 2003 MUTCDPart 5 Low Volume Roads  

**Notes:**
Part 2C  Changes #55 –91
Part 2 significant changes are 129 out of 383 total significant Changes for Revision #2.

There are 572 standard designs for signs plus 104 designs in the R&C symbol set for a total of 676 standard sign designs in the MUTCD/SHS.

## Low-Volume Roads

** ****Outside of Built-up Areas of Cities, Towns, and Communities**
** ****Traffic Volume < 400 AADT**

## 5A.03 Design

- STANDARD: minimum sizes shall only be used for low-speeds (85th percentile or posted speed less than 35 mph)
- Table 5A-1 sign sizes consistent with tables in     Part 2, Part 7, and Part 8
- Size for STOP sign is          30” x 30”

**Notes:**
206.  In Section 5A.03  Design, the FHWA revises the second paragraph of the STANDARD statement to refer to sign sizes on low speed, low volume roads by adding a sentence to this paragraph stating that the minimum sign sizes shall only be used on low-volume roads where the 85th percentile or posted speed is less than 60 km/h (35 mph).  This additional text was recommended in comments received from the NCUTCD indicating that the FHWA should provide clarification about the use of minimum sign sizes on low-volume rural roads.  The FHWA believes that it is necessary to clarify the intent of the minimum sign size, to provide adequate safety by preventing signs that are too small to be read at higher speeds from being used on higher speed low-volume rural roads.
The FHWA received five comments from the NCUTCD, the Oregon and Minnesota DOTs, and a traffic engineering consultant regarding Table 5A-1  Sign Sizes on Low-Volume Roads (titled “Minimum Sign Sizes on Low-Volume Roads” in the NPA and 2000 MUTCD).  The NCUTCD suggested a revised table that includes separate columns for Minimum, Typical, and Oversized sizes to provide more information to agencies.  The FHWA agrees with this comment and incorporates this revised table into this final rule.  The NPA included a proposal to reduce the minimum size of the W20-1, W20-7a, W20-7b, W21-1a, and W21-6 signs from 900 x 900 mm (36 x 36 in) to 600 x 600 mm (24 x 24 in) to be consistent with minimum sizes of other signs of comparable design.  The Minnesota and Oregon DOTs opposed the reduction in these sign sizes on grounds of worker safety.  The revised table in this final rule includes the 900 x 900 mm (36 x 36 in) as the typical size and 750 x 750 mm (30 x 30 in) as the minimum size for the W20-1, W3-4, W20-7b, and W21-1a signs, and shows 750 x 750 mm (30 x 30 in) as the typical size and 600 x 600 mm (24 x 24 in) as the minimum size for the W21-6 sign.  Accordingly, this revised table addresses comments from the DOTs regarding specific sign sizes by providing three possible sizes, rather than just one size, for all of the signs.  The FHWA also deletes the NO CENTER STRIPE (W8-12) sign from Table 5A-1 in this final rule, because this sign has little if any application to low volume roads, and adds the PASS WITH CARE (R4-2) and the Two-Direction Large Arrow (W1-7) signs.
# Presentation: 778324

## Frequency

- RADIO

- MICROWAVES

- INFRARED

- VISIBLE

- ULTRAVIOLET

- X-RAYS

- GAMMA RAYS

- High

- Low

- High Energy

- Low Energy

## These waves fuel our

-  entertainment industry

- Can be used to cook popcorn

- Makes your skin
-  feel warm

- Can be seen with the
- human eye

- Wear sunscreen to block these rays

- Rays that pass through skin
- but are absorbed by dense
-  material like bones

- A by-product of nuclear
-  power plants

- Picture clue:
- Now available in stereo

- Picture clue:
- Time to roast marsh mellows!

- Picture clue:
- Oh, what my eyes can see.

- Picture clue:
- This plant has a lot of power!

- Picture clue:
- Message-send popcorn,please.

- Picture clue:
- Sunglasses to protect my eyes!

- Picture clue:
- The inside view
# Presentation: 678960

## American Competitiveness Initiative

- John H. Marburger, III
- President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
- March 28, 2006

## PCAST activities related to ACI

- Assessing the U.S. R&D Investment (2002)
- Technology Transfer of Federally Funded R&D (2003)
- Sustaining the Nation’s Innovation Ecosystem: IT Manufacturing and Competitiveness (2004)
- Sustaining the Nation’s Innovation Ecosystem: Maintaining the Strength of Our Science and Engineering Capabilities (2004)

## Keeping America Competitive

- Federal investment in cutting-edge, merit-reviewed basic research
- Federal investment in the tools of science
- Education system that equips Americans with a strong foundation in technical subjects
- Universities that provide world-class education and research opportunities
- Immigration policies that attract the best and brightest
- Favorable environment for private sector R&D; and
- Business environment that encourages entrepreneurship and protects intellectual property.

- Sustained scientific advancement and innovation depend on:

## ACI Supports High Impact Research

- Making the research and experimentation (R&E) tax credit permanent and working with Congress to modernize it to make it more effective. ($4.6B in FY07, $86.4B over 10 years)

- Over ten years, the ACI commits **$50 billion** to increase funding for research and **$86 billion** in tax incentives for R&D.
- In FY07, ACI commits **$5.9 billion** for research, education, and tax incentives. * *

## ACI Leading the World in Talent and Creativity

_*Advanced Placement/International Baccalaureate Program*_ to expand access of low-income students to AP/IB by training additional teachers.
_*Adjunct Teacher Corps*_* *to encourage math and science professionals to teach high school.
_*Math Now for Elementary School Students*_ to promote research-based practices in math instruction and to prepare students for more rigorous math courses.
_*Math Now for Middle School Students*_ to improve math instruction for students performing below grade level.

## ACI Leading the World in Talent and Creativity

- Offer training opportunities to 800,000 workers annually, more than tripling the number of workers trained under the current system.
- Reform workforce training by making new _*Career Advancement Accounts*_— self-managed accounts that individuals use to obtain training and other services—available to 800,000 workers.
**Immigration:**
- Reform immigration laws to attract & retain high-skilled workers.

## ACI Research in FY2007-2016

## FY 2007 Request is $137.2 billion

**FY 2007 Request is $137.2 billion**

## Slide 9

## FY07 Proposed R&D Budget

- Total= $137.2B

## Non-defense FY07 Proposed R&D Budget

## ACI Investing in Priorities

- In NSF, DOE Office of Science, and NIST:
- NITRD: FY2007 request up 17% over 2006 spending levels
- NNI: FY2007 request up 14% over 2006 spending levels
# Presentation: 037070

## Prognostics Framework for System Health Management

- The Prognostic Framework is a system-level health management system that receives inputs from performance monitoring, built-in tests (BIT), sensors, and prognostic mechanisms; processes that data to derive diagnostic and prognostic indications; relates status conditions to the ability to perform specific missions; and relates health and status to required maintenance actions and resources.

**INNOVATION**

***Giordano Automation Corp.***
***Sparta, New Jersey***

**S****mall**
**B****usiness**
**I****nnovation **
**R****esearch**

** **
**GOVERNMENT/SCIENCE APPLICATIONS**
- US Army Logistics Integration Agency (LIA) Weapon System Support Platform-Based Readiness Program (WSSPR) Demonstration for M1A1 Abrams Tank.
- US Army Technology Carrier 2, Viking Gun Mount System
- Aeptech Corp., US Navy Shipboard Monitoring System

- Marshall Space Flight Center
- Subtopic: 10.06, Aerospace Power System Automation

**Prognostics Framework for System Health Management**

**                               ****ACCOMPLISHMENTS**
- The Prognostics Framework is a generic tool set that can be applied to any system to develop a health management capability.
- The Prognostic Framework is an expansion of Giordano Automation’s Model-Based Diagnostic Reasoning tools, the Diagnostic Profiler and Diagnostician, to include:
- Input of raw sensor values, parametric test results, and tolerances (ranges of acceptable limits)
- Methods to implement prognostic reasoning:
- Degradation of signals / measurements over time
- Historical conclusions / statistics
- Engineering correlations
- Integration of advanced, item-specific prognostic mechanisms (e.g., artificial neural networks, etc.)
- Ability to perform reasoning based upon future time periods to provide prognostics
- Tie-in of mission implications of failures: relating subsystems to functions to mission capability such that anticipated or actual failures can be represented in terms of the ability to perform a mission over specific time periods.
**                              ****COMMERCIALIZATION**
- Product will be licensed as “Prognostics Framework”; target market is any complex system that health and status are critical to successful operations, including military, aerospace, industrial and commercial systems.
- High degree of interest to date from the military aerospace market. Several application programs have been initiated by government agencies and prime contractor developers.
- US Army Technology Carrier 2, Viking Gun Mount System

- Contacts: MSFC, Tom Knight; 256-544-5353
- Giordano, Mary Nolan; 706-569-6546
- 1993  Phase II; NAS8-40565
- Phase III; 98247
# Presentation: 147159

## THE FUTURE OF NUMBERING SYMPOSIUM

**THE FUTURE OF NUMBERING SYMPOSIUM**

- Michael Altschul
- CTIA – The Wireless Association
- November 4, 2004

## Competitive Markets Require Access to Numbering Resources

- Access to numbering resources must be competitively neutral.
- Efficient utilization of numbering resources is critical.
- Numbering policy must accommodate new technologies and services – not the reverse.

## Access to Numbers Must Be Competitively Neutral

- Numbers must be made available “on an equitable basis.”
- Sec. 251(e)(1) of the Communications Act
- Numbering policy should remove obstacles to the adoption of new technologies.
- Numbering policy must evolve at the same pace as technology.

## NANP Administration

- Must seek to facilitate entry into the communications marketplace by making numbering resources available on an efficient, timely basis to communications services providers;
- Should not unduly favor or disadvantage any particular industry segment or group of consumers;
- Should not unduly favor one technology over another. The NANP should be largely technology neutral; and
- Should give consumers easy access to the public switched telephone network.
- Report and Order, CC Docket No. 92-237

## Efficient Number Utilization Is Critical

- The Commission’s efforts have extended the life of the NANP.
- In the near term, both incumbent service providers and new entrants require non-discriminatory access to NANP-based numbering resources.
- In the future, new technologies and services will further conserve NANP resources.

## New Technologies Promise to Conserve NANP Resources

- NANP resources have expanded with switching technology.
- Substitutes for NANP resources include:
- 	--  ENUM
- 	--	MINs, PINs, and URLs.
- Single number can support multiple devices.

## Numbering Policy Must Accommodate New Technologies and Services

- Increasingly, services are provided without respect to jurisdictional boundaries:
- 		CMRS license areas;
- 		National wireless “one rate” plans;
- 		VOIP offerings.
- New technologies and services require FCC administration of numbering resources.
- The FCC has “exclusive” jurisdiction over the NANP and must assert it.

## Numbering Policy Must Evolve Along With Technology 

- Policymakers should focus on removing obstacles to the adoption of new technologies and services, and
- Insure all competitive services have nondiscriminatory access to the numbers they need to serve their customers.
# Presentation: 528819

## Surgical Safety & SCIP:CMS Lessons in One Domain

- David R. Hunt, M.D., FACS
- Medical Officer
- CMS Quality Improvement Group

## SCIP Goal

**  ****To reduce preventable surgical morbidity and mortality 25% by 2010.**

## SCIP Domains:

- Infection
- Perioperative MI
- Venous Thromboembolic Events
- Respiratory Complications
- ESRD Vascular Access

## “As to diseases make a habit of two things - to help, or at least, to do no harm.”

**Epidemics I**

**Hippocrates** :

## Slide 5

## Antibiotic Prophylaxis

**Bratzler, Houck, et. al. Arch Surg. 2005 Feb;140(2):174-82**

## How many hands?

## SCIP: Process Redesign...

## “All things are difficult before they are easy.”

- John Norley
# Presentation: 722253

## NRCS Cultural Resources State Level Agreements

- Ben Horter, Cultural Resources Specialist
- Delaware State Office

## What is a State Level Agreement (SLA) and why develop one?

- Agreements between NRCS and State Historic Preservation Officers for NRCS compliance procedures
- Stipulation 2 of the Nationwide PA
- GM 420 Part 401
- Tailor compliance procedures and requirements of the NHPA and Section 106 regulations to local conditions

## What an SLA contains

- Roles and Responsibilities of NRCS and SHPO
- Provision for consultation with Indian Tribes
- SLA annual review
- NRCS Training (NRCS web and classroom  modules)
- List of practice exempt from SHPO review
- Provisions for Emergency (EWP) work
- Public participation provision
- Dispute resolution provision

## Example Review Worksheet
# Presentation: 380470

## State of Satellite LAI Products

**Broadleaf Cropland – good (VALERI, BigFoot)**
**Broadleaf Forest – good but only temperate ****	****results thus far (Myneni)**
**Woodlands/Savannas – good but missing taiga ****	****(Privette)**
**Needleleaf Forest – problematic (ground and ****	****sky; various)**
**Wetlands -- problematic **
**Shrublands -- ?**
**Grasslands/Cereal Cropland -- ?**

## Stratification of Field Protocols

**Land cover type**
**Heterogeneity/mix/clumping**
**Accuracy goal**
**Instrumentation (known; not known)**
**Sample design (time and space)**

## Goal: A Consensus Maximum Accuracy Protocol

- LAI=
- f(biome,month)

***Target of this meeting***

***Inadequate***

- LAI=?

- Method A

- Method D

- Method E

- Method C

- Method B

**Legend: Distance=Sophistication (& maybe even accuracy)**

## Break-out Groups (Suggested)

**Protocols (Site selection to data analysis)**
- Forest/Woodland – Tom, Richard
- Cropland/Grassland – Frederic, Marc
**Discussion Points**
- Site choice, Size, frequency, _design_, instruments, auxillary measurements or data sets, _scaling_, data reduction and analysis, product comparison approach, _caveats_, options (particularly instruments and sample design), _error budgeting_, traceability, reporting metrics,
**Reports**

## Global Validation

**Year 1 global LAI evaluation**
- Original plan from Ispra ’00
- ~25 sites signed-up
- BU supply flat binary cutous
- Operational MODAPS supply of data?
- Timeline
- Publication
# Presentation: 675826

## BLIP operations 1-27-09

**Status – running at ~118 MeV **
**Beam pulse 430μs, 32mA, 6.67Hz, less polarized proton pulses**
**Average intensity now ~75 μA, lower than needed**
**Discrepancy in beam current measurement between Linac and BLIP that appears to be due to voltage loss in cable from BLIP current transformer to BLIP control room**
**Plans**
**Beam current measurement by activation using ****27****Al(p,3pn )****24****Na monitor reaction **
**Beam intensity profile measurement by radiography and photographic imaging**
**Replace current transformer cable with low resistance cable**
**First set of targets to be removed tomorrow**

## BLIP Integrated current
# Presentation: 532425

## Recipe for Sleep

- Neuroscientist Chiara Cirelli:  *Uncovering Sleep*

## Chiara Cirelli Studies Shuteye

*Neuroscientist Cirelli wants to find a recipe for sound sleep.*

*Sleep*
- Is necessary for all animals
- Varies among animals
- Is a powerful restorative

*Question:*
- In what phase of sleep do humans dream?

## Answer: REM

- REM = Rapid Eye Movement

- Fast
- Short
- Narrowly spaced
- Sometimes quite similar to brain waves of wakefulness

- During the REM phase of sleep, brain waves are

## Why Do We Sleep?

- What some scientists suspect

- What Cirelli suspects

## Cirelli’s Synaptic-Strength Hypothesis

## Testing Cirelli’s Hypothesis

## Fruit Flies Are Model Organisms 

*Drosophila melanogaster*
- (fruit fly)

**Fruit flies are perfect tools for studying heredity, or genetics.**

**Cirelli uses fruit flies to study genes that affect sleep.**

## Sleep Genes and Fruit Flies 

- Fruit flies have a lifespan of a few months, and female fruit flies lay eggs every day
- Fruit flies sleep about 12 hours every night
- Scientists know almost all the genes for about a dozen species of fruit flies

## Sleepless in Madison

- Previously, Cirelli would awaken sleeping fruit flies by shaking the test tubes where they ate and slept.

- Now, Cirelli uses a robotic arm that tilts and drops a frame containing the test tubes of sleeping fruit flies, jolting them awake.

## Cirelli Discovers Minisleeper Flies

- Minisleeper flies have a genetic mutation that allows them to function on less sleep than normal flies
- Minisleeper flies also have “shaker” gene mutation
- Humans have a similar gene and protein
- Problem: minisleeper flies don’t live as long as sleepier ones

## Research Applications

- How might Cirelli’s work with fruit fly genes eventually help humans sleep better, and what is the “fly in the ointment” of such an application?
# Presentation: 681018

## Beams Week in Review

- 7 stores
- Another record Initial Luminosity – 19.60 E30
- Record Integrated Luminosity – ~3600 nb-1
- Linac problems
- LRF3 PA aka ‘toasty’ dying
- Reduce Linac beam current ~10%
- Machine studies
- Shutdown date set – 3 June for ~12 days

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Integrated Luminosity

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Peak Luminosity

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Initial Luminosity

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Initial Luminosity

- Reason for Recent Improvement
- Continued refinement of Tevatron octupole tuning at 150 GeV
- More Pbars used

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Tevatron Octupole Tuning

- Store 1291

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Protons to Collision

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Pbars to Collision

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Tevatron Studies Summary

- 150 GeV Lifetime
- 12 X 0 store for CDF (growth of losses)
- Tevatron Electron Lens studies at 150 GeV
- Tunes at the start of ramp (tune up work)

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Tevatron Studies Summary

- 150 GeV Lifetime preliminary analysis
- ~10 hr lifetime due to vacuum
- ~15 hr lifetime due to leakage from RF bucket
- 	~6 hr lifetime maximum under these conditions
- 12X0 store – Losses in the abort gap are much less with only protons.  (TEL was not on for these measurements)

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Tevatron Studies Summary

- TEL – Unable to increase proton lifetime by introducing tune spread, but may be useful to eliminate DC beam at 150 GeV.  This may allow us to stuff more Protons into the Tevatron.
- Improved acceleration efficiency by adjusting differential tunes at start of ramp.

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Tevatron Studies Summary

- Store 1302

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Pbar Studies Summary

- Stack without core transverse cooling
- 5-6 mA/hour
- Bodes well for new cooling installation
- New Core 2-4 GHz momentum cooling configuration
- Flying Wire development
- Diffusion measurements
- Ions may contribute up to 30% of large stack (100 mA) emittance growth

- All Experimenters Meeting

## MI Studies Summary

- $2B emittance in MI
- Transverse (revisited)
- Longitudinal (revisited)
- Beam Line Tuner

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Recycler Studies Summary

- Work continues with both protons and pbars
- Injection efficiency
- RF manipulations
- Stack
- Extract Pbars to MI

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Recycler Studies Summary

- All Experimenters Meeting
# Presentation: 801755

## Comments about Project X & 8 GeV Proton Physics program

- Why the muon and kaon people should stop thinking about acquiring the Antiproton Source for 8 GeV proton physics program during Project X
- Or
- The Antiproton Physics Group should look at a long term program
- Keith Gollwitzer
- Antiproton Source
- Fermilab

## Project X Layout

- Project X Overview - McGinnis

- What does this much beam from the Recycler mean

- Taken from 1st workshop

## Project X & 8GeV Physics Program

- Recycler to Accumulator
- Large Ring to small ring
- Ratio of circumferences is 7
- Injection scheme of filling aperture
- Accumulator Aperture is 150% of Recycler
- Debuncher Aperture is 600%
- Beam current
- 4 Project X linac pulses into Recycler and then to Debuncher means **22.5A **of current.
- Nightmare to get desired beam structure for kaon and muon experiments

## Dave McGinnis and I met with representatives from both the kaon and muon groups
8 GeV proton beam to the Antiproton Source using the Project X linac does not appear feasible
8 GeV proton beam fed from Booster to Antiproton Source is probably on the edge
Suggested that they explore “new” rings of the size of the Recycler or larger (TeV tunnel?)

- 8 GeV proton beam to the Antiproton Source using the Project X linac does not appear feasible
- 8 GeV proton beam fed from Booster to Antiproton Source is probably on the edge
- Suggested that they explore “new” rings of the size of the Recycler or larger (TeV tunnel?)

- Project X & 8GeV Physics Program

## Project X & Antiproton Physics

- With the current Antiproton Source, stacking 10% of the time means that effect on 120GeV neutrino program is a loss of 10% of 1/6  of the available 120GeV protons. (nearly the same for pre-Project X)
- We should be looking at a long term program
- No end date due to Project X completeion
# Presentation: 071916

## Leaf Reflectance & Absorption

## “Pimple” Savannaforms from termite mounds in innundated tropical grasslands

**“****Pimple” Savanna****forms from termite mounds in innundated tropical grasslands**

**Leaf** Reflectance & Absorption

## Beltsville winter wheat

**Beltsville winter wheat**

## True & False Color Photos

**True & False Color Photos**

**In true-color, grass and astroturf look similar; in the near-infrared, grass is more reflective**

**grass**

**astroturf**

**astroturf**

**grass**

**True**** ****color**** ****film**

**Color**** ****infrared**** ****film**

## Plant Pigments

**So, what absorbs in functioning leaves?**

- None of the key pigments absorbs green light; instead it is reflected to our eyes, which makes plants look green to us.

## Liquid Water Absorption

**Liquid water in plant leaves completes the absorption picture:   leaves must be hydrated for photosynthesis**

## Green Leaf Structure

## Dicot and Conifer Leaves

**Bean leaf x420**

**Pine needle x370**

## Maple & Pine reflectance

**Maple & Pine reflectance******

**maple**

**pine**

- Similar in visible light, different in the near-IR

## Leaf Reflectance & Absorption

**Reflectance******** = 1.0 - Absorption******

**Banana x1400**

**Cucumber x490**

## Leaf Photosynthesis

**Photosynthesis Determines Optical Properties**

**Bean leaf x4200**

## Leaf Photosynthesis

**Photosynthesis Determines Optical Properties **

**Must capture photons to drive chemical reactions (energy input)**
**Must be in presence of H2O**
**Must be in presence of CO2**
**Must get rid of O2 (poisonous)**
**Must live in hostile setting...**

## Internal Leaf Structure

**Chloroplasts**

**Intercellular air labyrinth  CO****2**** in & O****2**** out**

## Leaf Reflectance & Absorption

**Photosynthesis requires CO****2**** from atmosphere to be in contact with the plant cell surfaces.  The intercellular labyrinth allows movement of CO****2**** into leaves and O****2**** out.  Part of the “deal” is H****2****O is lost**

## Leaf Photosynthesis

**Stomata regulate gas exchange and water loss  CO****2**** in/O****2**** out **

## Leaf Photosynthesis Piers Seller’s PAR Diagram

**Leaf** Photosynthesis Piers Seller’s PAR Diagram

## Photosynthesis Action Spectrum
# Presentation: 776533

## Suspicious Activity Report Filing Trend for the State of Ohio                                                                                       For the Period April 1, 1996 through December 31, 2007

**Suspicious Activity Report Filing Trend for the State of Ohio                                                                                       For the Period April 1, 1996 through December 31, 2007**

***Total SARs: 95,814***

## Characterizations of Suspicious Activity for the State of Ohio

- Note:  The pie chart represents the top nine characterizations plus additional characterizations in total.
-            An individual SAR may cite more than one characterization.  Hence, the number of characterizations detailed here significantly exceeds the total number of SARs.

**Characterizations of Suspicious Activity for the State of Ohio**
**For the Period April 1, 1996 through December 31, 2007**

## Ohio Mortgage Loan Fraud SAR Filing Trend For the Period April 1, 1996 through December 31, 2007

***Total SARs: 3,034***

- Note:  Suspicious Activity Report statistical data is continuously updated as additional reports are filed and processed.  For this reason, there may be minor discrepancies between the statistical figures contained in this report and those in previous FinCEN reports.  Annual numbers for this exhibit are calculated by ***Subject Address*** and not filer address; therefore, the annual totals appearing in the above graph do not match those in Section 1, Exhibit 8 (Characterization of Suspicious Activity by State & Territory by Year).

## Suspicious Activity Report Geographic Pattern for the State of Ohio

**For the Period January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2006**

**Note: Statistics based on Filer Branch Address**

## Suspicious Activity Report Geographic Pattern for the State of Ohio

**For the Period January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2007**

**Note: Statistics based on Filer Branch Address**
# Presentation: 506895

## WRP’s ANS Awards

- The WRP incorporated a new ANS awards element to this year’s annual meeting.  The awards were for fun and business categories related to Western region states and issues.  Allen Pleus presented awards (chosen by member voting) to members who either submitted their own entries or were nominated for each category.

## Best Slogan

-  “Conservation through Gastronomy,” referring to *The Invasive Species Cookbook by J.M. Franke.*

## Best Song

- “Galloping Goby Blues,” written by Professor David Jude of University of Michigan.
- Click icon to hear song

## Best Bumper Sticker

- “Got Aliens?” submitted by Louanne McMartin, referring to a mosaic created by grouping many different animals together to create what appears to be an alien-like mask.

## Best Photograph

- Jason Goeckler for an image of zebra mussels covering in El Dorado Reservoir (Kansas) after the water was drawn down.

## Slide 6

## Best Powerpoint

- Greg Gerlich for PowerPoint slide entitled, “Historical Invasive Species – Genghis Khan,” which labeled Genghis Khan as an invader and that his descendants today are estimated to be about 16 million.

## Historical Invasive

- Species:

**Genghis Khan**

**Characteristics**:
**Prolific** - 8 percent of the men currently living in the region of the former Mongol empire carry y-chromosomes nearly identical to Genghis Khan which is equal to 16 million descendents.
**Destructive** –displaced, assimilated or annihilated entire tribes or populations.
**Hard to Control** – Used multiple invasion strategies, adapted tactics to new defensive measures and was persistent – empire lasted over 150 years after he died in 1227
# Presentation: 840439

## Flammability Assessment of Lithium Primary and Lithium-ionBatteries

- NTSB

- Harry Webster, FAA Technical Ctr.

- July 12, 2006

## Test Goals and Parameters

**Assess threat of bulk shipments of lithium cells to aircraft when involved in a cargo compartment fire.**
- Cell flammability characteristics
- Effectiveness of onboard fire extinguishing systems
- Ability of cargo compartment to withstand a fire involving lithium cells
**Lithium primary cell types included CR2 and PL123A**
**Lithium-ion cell type 18650 in 50 and 100% charge states**

## Definitions

**Lithium Primary cells **
- Single use, non-rechargeable, constructed with metallic lithium
**Lithium-ion cells**
- Multi-use, rechargeable, no metallic lithium used in the construction of the cell

## Test Results and Findings: Lithium Primary Cells

**Easily ignited**
**Burns with sufficient heat to ignite adjacent cells**
**Halon 1301 ineffective**
**Auto-ignition temperature below that typically found in fully suppressed cargo compartment fire**
**Molten lithium sprayed from a burning cell can penetrate the cargo liner**
**Pressure pulse can raise the pressure in the cargo compartment, activating the pressure equalization  devices or dislodging the cargo liner, compromising the integrity of the compartment**

## Test Results and Findings: Lithium-ion Cells

**Vents flammable electrolyte liquid when exposed to relatively small fire source.**
**The temperature in a fully suppressed cargo fire is sufficient to cause the cells to vent**
**The electrolyte does not self ignite, it needs an external ignition source.**
**Halon 1301 is effective in extinguishing the electrolyte fire.**
**There is no molten lithium**
**Pressure pulse is equal to or greater than the primary cells, posing a risk to cargo compartment integrity**
# Presentation: 763991

## FIREPROOF AND FIRE RESISTANT MATERIALS

**Federal Aviation Administration**
**Project Manager: J. Reinhardt**
- William J. Hughes Technical Center
- Airport and Aircraft Safety
- Research and Development Division
- Atlantic City International Airport, NJ

## PURPOSE

- An ARAC Subcommittee is looking at revising AC25-135 (Powerplant Installation and Propulsion System Component Fire Protection Test Methods, Standards, and Criteria)
- Develop a means to comply with the AC in order to evaluate various test specimens to determine whether they may be classified as:
- Fireproof
- Fire Resistant
- Determine the feasibility of the testing methods performed.

## Current Proposed Procedure

- CALIBRATION OF THERMOCOUPLES

-  Preheat Burner for 2 minutes.
-  Place Flame on Thermocouples for 90 seconds.
-  All Thermocouples must read 2000°F  +/- 150°F .

## Current Proposed Procedure

- CALIBRATION OF CALORIMETERS

-  Preheat Burner for 2 minutes.
-  Place Flame on Calorimeters for 90 seconds.
-  All Calorimeters must read above 10 BTU/(ft2·sec ) .

## Current Proposed Procedure

*Current Proposed Procedure*

- BURNER TEST
- Preheat Flame for 2 minutes.
- Place Flame for 16 minutes on the various test specimens:
- 4140 Steel (reference material)
- 15-5 PH Steel
- Titanium 6A1-4V
- Inconel 718
- Aluminum 7075
- Record time temperature data at the 0% , 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% positions of the diameter.
- Determine the loss of Ultimate Strength at the 5 minute and 15 minute intervals.

## Status

- TESTING
- Three out of the five material selected have been tested according to the prescribed procedure (4130 Steel, 15-5 PH Steel, and Titanium 6A1-4V) .
- Available test data is currently been analyzed (reference material)
- PROCEDURE
- ARAC Subgroup is currently looking at the data to determine if a test protocol change is required.
# Presentation: 722398

## FAA Web Background

- Decentralized web management
- Over 1M web pages
- Over 200 servers
- Over 300 registered developers
- $17.5M est. annual cost
- Few policies and standards
- Everyone ‘doing their own thing’

## Changes Needed

- More than 85 links on the homepage
- 57% of visitors couldn’t find what they were looking for
- Navigation & search were big problem areas
- Content FAA centric, rather the public focused

## Who Visits the FAA Web?

- 1.7 M+ visitors a month to faa.gov
- Largest groups are pilots & federal employees
- 24% are first time visitors
- 421,000 + hours on the site a month
- What are they looking for?
- Did they find it?
- Began web satisfaction survey in July 2003
- FAA scores one of the lowest in government

## What the Survey Tells Us

- Visitors

- Frequency

## New Look for FAA Web (September 2003)

- Redesign addressed top priority areas
- Navigation
- Search
- Look and feel
- Simplify
- Added Self Service for FAQs
- Top 150 questions and answers

## Improvements!

## Key Audiences More Satisfied

- Pilots overall score up by + 4 points
- Search scores up by + 5
- Navigation scores up by + 4
- Look & feel up by + 4
- First time visitors
- 5% more, 7% more satisfied
- 61% find what they’re looking for
- 10% more than pre-redesign
# Presentation: 537187

## EXAMPLE FRAMES ConstituentDatabase Editor (CDBE):  Creating/Editing a Progeny Chain

- FRAMES-2.0 Workshop
- U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
- Bethesda, Maryland
- November 15-16, 2007
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland, Washington

## Purpose

- Construct/Design site-specific, constituent degradation/decay chains
- Illustrated the construction of
-         TCE  1,1-DCE  VC

## Open an Existing Constituent Database(outside of FRAMES)

**Two Options (choose one):**
- Use the Windows Start button
- Start
- All Programs
- FRAMES
- Launch Constituent Editor
-  Run C:\FramesV1\ContSel.exe

## Database Editor User Interface appears

- Choose File and Open
- Choose an Exiting database:  FUI_TCE.mdb

**2**

**1**

## Do not select Constituents of Concern; first, choose Edit Constituent Properties

- Lists Constituents in Database
**Identification**: Identifies Constituent,  and controls its disposition.
**Properties**: Provides physical/chemical properties of chemical
**Degradation Products**: Creates/Edits degradation chain of chemical.
**Degradation Chain**: Provides a summary of the degradation chain

**1**

**3**

**2**

**4**

**5**

## Chemicals are listed alphabetically.

- CASID numbers are listed in numerical order.
- The highlighted chemical name does
**NOT** necessarily correspond to the
- highlighted CASID.

**2**

**1**

## Straight Degradation Chain

## Parent Chemical: TCE

- TCE Progeny: 1,1-DCE (100%)
- Parent Chemical: 1,1-DCE
- 1,1-DCE Progeny:  VC

**2**

**1**

**4**

**3**

##   1.  Summary of Degradation Chain       (straight chain degradation)  2.  New progeny listing under Select       Constituents of Concern  3.  Save FUI_TCE.mdb

**2**

**1**

- Same

**3**

## To remove the progeny chain, choose <none>.

## Branching Degradation Chain

## BranchingDegradationChain

**A. ****TCE branches to**
- 1,2-Dichloroethylene trans (78%)
- 1,1-Dichloroethylene (22%)
**B. 1,2-Dichloroethylene trans degrades to VC**
**C. 1,1-Dichloroethylene degrades to VC**

**2**

**1**

**A**

**B**

**C**

**Branching****Degradation****Chain**

## Under the Degradation Chain tab:

-   1.	Straight Degradation identifies the predominate degradation chain
-   2.	Branch Degradation identifies all chains

**2**

**1**
# Presentation: 424715

## Salinity impacts in the GMAO ocean data assimilation     Chaojiao Sun

- _Experiments_		_Assimilation method_		_Forcing_
**GFDL****	****	****	****3D-VAR, Assimilating T only**	ODASI
- ODASI-T		OI, Assimilating T only		ODASI
- ODASI-TS		OI, assimilating T and S		ODASI
- GMAO-T			OI, Assimilating T only		GMAO
- GMAO-TS		OI, Assimilating T and S		GMAO
- GMAO-CTL		No assimilation			GMAO

- Two GMAO schemes treat salinity differently:
-       T – scheme:    T assimilation only, S updates based on model T-S 	              relationship (Troccoli and Haines, 1999)
-       TS – scheme:  T and S assimilation (S comes from ARGO when 	                                 	              available, otherwise from Levitus climatology)

- Contributors:
- Michele Rienecker, Christian Keppenne, Jossy Jacob, Anna Borovikov (GMAO)
- Tony Rosati, Andrew Wittenburg, Matthew Harrison (GFDL)

## TAO OBS

- GMAO-CTL

- ODASI-TS

- GMAO-TS

- ODASI-T

- GMAO-T

- GFDL analysis

- T at 140°W
- (1993-2002)

**Notes:**
Temperature field is well reproduced by analyses, which is to be expected since TAO observations are used in the assimilation. Only GFDL and GMAO-CTL have some difficulty to catch the rapid cooling trend after the 97-98 EL Nino. 

## TAO OBS

- GMAO-CTL

- ODASI-TS

- GMAO-TS

- ODASI-T

- GMAO-T

- GFDL analysis

- U at 140°W
- (1993-2002)

## 1993-2002 average of U at 140°W

## (Johnson et al., 2002)

**Notes:**
Structure of undercurrent

## 1993-1998 Average

- (Ricci et al., 2005)

- 1993-2002 Average

## (Johnson et al., 2002)

## N. Niño 4

- (0°-5°N)

- N. Niño 3
- (0°-5°N)

- RMS T

- RMS U

- RMS S

- RMS T

- RMS S

- RMS U

**Notes:**
All assimilation improves T between 200m and 400m. TS produces significant T improvement in deeper depths (under 600m). Significant salinity bias reduction. Significant current bias reduction in northern Nino3 region. 

## S. Niño 4

- (5°S-0°)

- S. Niño 3
- (5°S-0°)

- RMS T

- RMS U

- RMS S

- RMS T

- RMS S

- RMS U

## ECCO-GODAE project (1st year)

- Testing and porting MOM4 into the GMAO ocean model suite, and begin simulation
- Porting MOM4 in GMAO setting to JPL
- Compare MOM4 results and data, including model error calibration
- Derivation of Kalman filter and smoother of MOM4 in GMAO setting

## Conclusions: 

- 	TS scheme is effective in
- 	   (1) correcting salinity bias in the model
- 	   (2) constraining zonal current
- 1. Subsurface current structure – independent validation
- 	- GMAO compared well with TAO ADCPs (zonal structure on  	the EQ); GFDL compared well with Johnson’s data 	(meridional structure)
- 	- sensitive to treatment of salinity – “TS” appears to be 	effective
- “TS” significantly improves subsurface salinity structure both zonally and meridionally, especially below the EUC core on the equator and in the northern Niñ0 3 & 4 regions; model bias is present in “T” scheme.
- To effectively reduce salinity bias in the top 100-150m, satellite/in-situ salinity observations need to be assimilated
- _Ongoing work:_ 	treat surface salinity properly in “TS”
- 			investigate the impact of ARGO assimilation

## The End
# Presentation: 527983

## OBIGGS Utilization In Inaccessible Areas

- Steve Summer                               Project Engineer                                     Federal Aviation AdministrationFire Safety Branch

- International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working GroupAtlantic City, NJ                                       October 25, 2006

## Background

- The FAA recently has released an NPRM requiring the reduction of flammability within heated fuel tanks (affecting over 3,200 in service aircraft)

- The most likely method of conformance is the utilization of an On Board Inert Gas Generating System (OBIGGS)

## Background

- CAA Paper 2002/01 (FAA Reference DOT/FAA/AR-02/50) determined that 90% of non-survivable hidden area fires could be prevented if extinguished within 8 minutes

## Background

- With inerting systems now/soon to be on board, an integrated fire protection system to provide protection for these hidden areas may be feasible
- Such a system would provide enhanced fire protection while utilizing a system already installed, thus saving on cost, weight and space on board the aircraft

## OBJECTIVES

- Design and install an NEA distribution system for fire protection of the overhead area of the FAAs 747SP and 737 test articles
- Examine the effect of various conditions on the ability of the OBIGGS to successfully protect the overhead area:
- Bleed air pressure
- OBIGGS feed pressure
- OBIGGS back pressure
- Permeate pressure (altitude)
- Ventilation
- Etc.
- Future work may include expanding the OBIGGS system to other hidden areas aboard the aircraft (E/E bays, wheel wells, etc.)

## TEST ARTICLES

- 747SP equipped with OBIGGS installed in the empty pack bay utilizing up to 6 ASMs
- 737 aircraft in process of being equipped with a single ASM OBIGGS

- Instrumentation allowing for monitoring of oxygen at 12 locations in overhead area of each aircraft
- NEA flow and purity also measured as well as various system pressures

## TEST CONFIGURATION – 747SP

- Current Test Section (STA 1241)

- From OBIGGS

- Vacuum Source

- From OBIGGS

## TEST SECTION – 747SP

**TEST SECTION – 747SP**

- Located at approximately STA 1241
- Approximately 20 ft. wide, 5 ft. tall at center
- Cross-sectional area of approximately 42 ft2

## TEST CONFIGURATION – 737

- Current Test
- Section

## TEST SECTION – 737

- Approximately 9 ft. wide, 10 in. tall at center
- Cross-sectional area of approximately 3 ft2

## CURRENT STATUS

- Preliminary testing on 747SP with a single NEA deposit location has confirmed the need for a vacuum source (or other method) to control the spread of NEA
- Vacuum pump has been installed in forward cargo bay of 747SP and is plumbed to test section
- We are awaiting electric hookup for the pump before we can begin testing
- OBIGGS and test instrumentation build up on 737 is underway
# Presentation: 354570

## Smallpox Vaccine

- Live non-attenuated _Vaccinia_ virus
- 3 different vaccines available
- ID inoculation with bifurcated needle
- Pustular lesion/induration surrounding central scab/ulcer 6-8 days post-vaccination
- Low grade fever, axillary lymphadenopathy
- Scar (permanent) demonstrates successful vaccination
- Immunity _not_ life-long

- WHO

**Notes:**
[go over current vaccine and how to vaccinate]

Certain type of site reaction indicates successful vaccination

Immunity wanes, really good for about 5 years if vaccinated only once, waning protection for up to 10 year

Longer protection if vaccinated more than once (longer lasting high neutralizing antibody titer)

## † in Fenner F et al. Smallpox and its Eradication, pp 570

**† ****in Fenner F et al. Smallpox and its Eradication, pp 570**

## Primary Vaccination Site Reaction

**Primary Vaccination Site Reaction**

**Notes:**
This type of site reaction known as a major or primary site reaction, indicates successful vaccination. Lesion at site progresses from vesicle, to pustule around 7 days after vaccination, then starts to scab over by day 21. Scab usually falls off by 21-28 days. Site contains live vaccinia virus until scab has fallen off. 

## Contraindications for Vaccination 

**Immunodeficiency **
**Immunosuppressing therapies**
**Atopic Dermatitis/Eczema; including past history **
**Acute or chronic skin conditions (until resolved)**
**Allergies to polymyxin B, streptomycin, tetracycline, or neomycin**
**Pregnancy**

## <footer>

- <date/time>

## Specific guides for:
Surveillance, contact tracing and outbreak investigations
Vaccination
Isolation and quarantine
Decontamination
Laboratory diagnosis, specimen collection and transport
Communication 

**Surveillance, contact tracing and outbreak investigations**
**Vaccination**
**Isolation and quarantine**
**Decontamination**
**Laboratory diagnosis, specimen collection and transport**
**Communication**

**Smallpox Response Plan and Guidelines****Overview**

## Annexes address:
Clinical presentation of smallpox
Care of patients
Vaccination clinic procedures
Adverse event reporting
Suggested pre-event planning activities for state and local public health authorities

**Clinical presentation of smallpox**
**Care of patients**
**Vaccination clinic procedures**
**Adverse event reporting**
**Suggested pre-event planning activities for state and local public health authorities**

**Smallpox Response Plan and Guidelines****Overview**

## Ring Vaccination  Search and Containment

**Search for cases and isolate **
**Identify contacts and vaccinate**
**Used to eradicate smallpox **
**required to control disease in face of ‘routine immunization’**
**minimizes adverse events **
**Enhance with larger-scale vaccination as needed**

## CDC Resources

**Emergency Operations Center**
**	****	****(770) 488-7100 (24 hour)**
**	****Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Program**
**	****	****	****(404) 639-0385 **
**	****	****	****www.bt.cdc.gov**