# Presentation: 678509

## Beam Use Proposal for Runs 7 and Beyond

**Barbara Jacak**
**for the PHENIX Collaboration**

**Deputy Spokespersons:**
**	****Yasuyuki Akiba**
**	****Matthias Grosse-Perdekamp**
**	****Richard Seto**
**Operations Manager: Ed O’Brien**
**Upgrades Manager: Axel Drees**
**Run-7 Coordinator: Mike Leitch**
**Communications Coordinator: Brant Johnson**

## Outline

**Collaboration Status**
**PHENIX Achievements & Discoveries**
**PHENIX Physics goals for Run 7-10**
**200 GeV/A Au+Au (x10 integrated luminosity)**
**d+Au (58 pb****-1**** → reference for Au+Au )**
**200 GeV p+p (****≥ ****71 pb****-1**** → measure ********G)**
**500 GeV p+p **
**	****(W production → quark, antiquark polarization)**
**Au+Au energy scan (search for critical point)**
**additional heavy ion system(s)**
**Beam Use Proposal**
**	****Boundary conditions & issues**

## PHENIX Collaboration

**University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil**
**Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, China**
**China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), Beijing, P. R. China**
**Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China**
**Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic**
**Czech Technical University, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Brehova 7, 11519 Prague, Czech Republic**
**Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic**
**University of Jyvaskyla, P.O.Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland**
**Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Universite de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63170 Aubiere, Clermont-Ferrand, France**
**Dapnia, CEA Saclay, Bat. 703, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France**
**IPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, BP1, F-91406 Orsay, France**
**Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau, France**
**SUBATECH, Ecòle des Mines at Nantes, F-44307 Nantes, France**
**University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany**
**KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA KFKI RMKI), Budapest, Hungary**
**Debrecen University, Debrecen, Hungary**
**Eövös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary**
**Banaras Hindu University, Banaras, India**
**Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Bombay, India**
**Weizmann Institute, Rehovot  76100, Israel**
**Center for Nuclear Study (CNS-Tokyo), University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo 188, Japan**
**Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739, Japan**
**KEK - High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan **
**Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan **
**Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan**
**RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan**
**RIKEN – BNL Research Center, Japan, located at BNL**
**Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan**
**Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan**
**University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki-ken 305-8577, Japan**
**Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan**
**Cyclotron Application Laboratory, KAERI, Seoul, South Korea**
**Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea**
**Kangnung National University, Kangnung 210-702, South Korea**
**Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea **
**Myong Ji University, Yongin City 449-728, Korea **
**System Electronics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea**
**Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea**
**IHEP (Protvino), State Research Center of Russian Federation , Protvino 142281, Russia**
**Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR-Dubna), Dubna, Russia **
**Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia**
**PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia**
**Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob'evy Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia**
**Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnical Univiversity , Politechnicheskayastr, 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia**
**Lund University, Lund, Sweden**

*** ******14 Countries;  68 Institutions; 550 *****Participants*********

- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas, USA
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Chemistry Dept., Upton, NY 11973, USA
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Collider Accelerator Dept., Upton, NY 11973, USA
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Physics Dept., Upton, NY 11973, USA
- University of California - Riverside (UCR), Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Columbia University, Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, USA
- Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
- Florida State University (FSU), Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Georgia State University (GSU), Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
- Iowa State University (ISU) and Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA 94550, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9337, USA
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook (USB), Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook (USB), Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- University of Tennessee (UT), Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA

## PHENIX is, and will remain, strong

**Run**

**PHENIX is, and will remain, strong**

**1**

**11**

**9**

**7**

**5**

**3**

**Run**

## PHENIX is fantastically productive 

**51 Papers published to date + 4 others accepted**
**+ 7 in review process**
**	****	*****impact of our papers is enormous!***
**PHENIX has**
**20% of the 50 most cited nucl-ex papers **_***of all time!***_
**22% of the 50 most cited nucl-ex papers in 2006**
**PHENIX White paper (Nucl.Phys. A757, p. 184, 2005)**
**2****nd**** most cited nucl-ex paper in 2006**
**50****th**** most cited of “all HEP” in 2006 **
**(316 citations)**
**Most cited paper, with 374 citations is**
**“****Suppression of hadrons with large transverse momentum in central Au+Au collisions at s(NN)**(1/2) = 130-GeV”**
**	****	****Adcox, et al., PRL 88, 022301 (2002)**

## 4 upgrades in place for Run-7 *

*** Thanks to the**
**ever-impressive **
**1008 staff!**

## a closer look

## Hadron Blind Detector novel concept for e ID → Dalitz rejection

**	**** ****windowless CF****4**** Cherenkov detector **
**50 cm radiator length**
**CsI reflective photocathode **
**Triple GEM with pad readout**

## HBD Commissioning Underway

** ****Hadrons selected in central**
**arm projected onto HBD**

**Gas gain: **
- (assuming a primary charge of 19e in the 1.5mm drift gap and a
- conversion of 10 ADC counts/fC)

**G = 2900**

## Upgrade path increases PHENIX acceptance 

**-3              -2             -1                 0                1               2               3    rapidity**

****** ****coverage                 2******

**EMCAL**

**EMCAL**

**(i) ***********0****** and direct *********** with additional EM calorimeters (NCC, MPC)**
**(ii) *****heavy flavor***** with silicon vertex tracker (VTX, FVTX)**** **
**	**** ****(i)+(ii) for large acceptance ***********-jet ***
**(iii) *****low mass dileptons***** (HBD) **

**Upgrade path increases PHENIX acceptance **

## Upgrade Schedule

|  | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Aerogel |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| TOF-W |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| HBD |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| VTX-barrel |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| VTX-endcap |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| NCC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| MuTrigger |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| DAQ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

**R&D Phase**

**Construction Phase**

**Ready for Data**

**Flavor Tagged high pT Physics**

**Flavor Tagged high pT Physics**

**Low mass di-electrons**

******-jet,  jet tomography, heavy quark spectroscopy**

******-jet, CGC,  jet tomography, heavy quark spectroscopy**

******-jet, CGC, jet tomography, heavy quark physics**

**Quark spin structure, W-physics**

**New subsystems, higher luminosity, higher data rates**

**2007 DOE start**

## Heavy Ion Physics: Recent Achievements  

**Run 4 + 5 show:**

**Hadronization**
**→**** ****final state**
**coalescence of**
**constituent**
**quarks from a**
**flowing medium**

- nucl-ex/0608033

- accepted
- in PRL
*19 citations*
*already !*

- submitted
- to PRL:
***scales as*
*a meson*

## PHENIX achievements & discoveries (2)

**Medium response to deposited energy - shock front? ***

**D**

**PRL 97, 052301 (2006) (105 citations)  **
**and nucl-ex/0611019 (5 cites already)**
**  ****accepted in PRL**
**many calculations of medium response,**
**  ****including by string theorists**

## Heavy Quarks do interesting things, too

**J/******** suppressed**
***i.e. color screening***
**(but only somewhat)**
**cc coalescence?**
**sequential melting **
** ****of charmonia?**

- nucl-ex/0611020 (14 cites)

**Au+Au**

## furthermore, open charm loses energy & flows!

- nucl-ex/0611018, * *accepted in PRL
- pp result: PRL97 *(13 & 17 cites)*

- Radiative energy loss only  fails to reproduce v2HF.
- Heavy quark transport model has better agreement with both RAA and v2HF.
- Small relaxation time  or diffusion coefficient *D**HQ* inferred for charm.

**D = 1/3 <v> ********mfp****  **
**       ****= <v>/ 3******
**D = ******** ~ ********/S**
**  ****small D ****→ small ********/S**
***independent measure!***

## Compelling questions

**Does J/******** flow (final state coalescence says yes...)!**
**J/******** v****2,****, fate of direct ******
**How efficient is transport in the medium?**
**	************ ****at high p****T****, di-jets, ***********-jet correlations***
**Is hadronization really so simple?**
**	****extend light hadron measurements: ********/K/p to 10 GeV/c**
**Is there evidence for chiral symmetry restoration and/or thermal radiation in low mass dileptons?**
**→ ****Extend sensitivity for new and rare channels via upgrades + increased integrated luminosity!**
**	****	****Order of magnitude ****∫****L**** over existing Run-4!**
**	****	****Collect in Run-7 + Run-9**

## Precision of J/ v2 measurement

## Need better statistics at high pT

**Need better statistics at high p****T**

**C. Loizides**
**hep-ph/0608133v2**

## Increase pT range & errors

**current**

**Run-7 + 9**

**Run-7 alone**

## Runs 7+9: from limit to measurement of q-hat

**simulation study, using qhat = 13.2**

**current data precision**

**x10 statistics**
**x10 statistics & no ********syst**

## direct  – jet coincidence: calibrated jet probe

**current result**

**Run 7 + 9 (+8)**

## d+Au request for Run-8 

**With recent p+p runs, d+Au data are the limiting factor for precision statements about the (small) nuclear modifications**
**Run-3 d+Au provided 2.7 nb****-1**
**Run-8: provide comparison for Run-7 Au+Au**
**1.1 nb****-1****Au+Au ****→ ****44 pb****-1**** equivalent p+p collisions**
**J/********<R****AA****> ~ 0.5  ****→ ~****22 pb****-1**** equivalent p+p collisions**
**→ ****58 nb****-1**** d+Au **

## Run-8: major step for d+Au Physics

**range of suppression**
**factors allowed by**
******abs**** uncertainty**

**→ ****increased significance in A+A**

## forward 0 RdA with the MPC

**Qiu/Vitev, PLB 632, 507 (2006)**
**coherent multiple scattering**

- y=3

- y=4

**Vitev, hep-ph/0609156**
**+ initial state energy loss**

**Kharzeev, et al, PLB599**
**CGC**

##  polarized p+p: on the road to determining G 

**Run 5:**

## Run-6

**Reconstruction is essentially complete, analysis underway**

- P2L: Transverse

- P4L: Longitudinal

**0.88**

**1.11**

**FOM ~7 times Run-5**

## with Run-8

**3****, 2, ****1**** ******** errors**

**to achieve this, need**
**≥ ****71 pb****-1 ****recorded**
**DOE milestone for ********G**
**measurement: 2008**

**PHENIX remains committed to yearly p+p running,**
**to develop required luminosity & polarization.**
**Next goal is 500 GeV p+p for W production**

## From our previous Run-7 request

**approximately**
**what’s expected**
**for Run-8**

## Basis for time request

**RHIC Collider Projections for delivered luminosities**
***from June 1, 2006**
**30 cryoweeks     ***** was 32.5 in Sept. 06 plan**
***2 weeks cool-down + warm-up***
***1.5 week per species set-up (+ 0.5-1 wk for pol. p+p)***
***1 week per species ramp-up***
**22.5 physics weeks for two species**** *****was 25 weeks**
**PHENIX efficiency of 42% **** **
**60% live x 70% of collisions inside Z ****±**** 30cm**
*** was 23% in Run-6**
**	****significant backgrounds at store start**
**	****extended vertex distribution (?)**
**   ****we anticipate better tune & DAQ start in Run-8**

## Boundary conditions

***Funding constraints***
**30 cryo weeks rather than 32+**
**cascading effects of curtailed Run-6 and Run-7 lengths**
**	*****hopefully that era is over...***
***Upgrades schedule***
**Beam species, energies tailored to utilize upgrades**
**Current plan is to replace HBD by VTX for Run-10**
***Milestones***
**Polarized gluon distribution in 2008**
**First W physics (u,d polarization) in 2011**
**Realism in what RHIC can deliver**
**► ****solution: optimal + conservative plans**

## need 1.1 nb-1  recorded, 2.6 nb-1 delivered

**(Run-7)**

**goal**

**need 1.1 nb****-1****  recorded****, ****2.6 nb****-1**** delivered**

## d+Au Run-8

**58 nb****-1****  recorded (138 delivered) = x20 Run-3**
**comparable J/******** statistics to Run-7 Au+Au**

**goal**

## Run-8 polarized p+p

**71 pb****-1****  recorded (167 delivered) **
**to measure ********G (aim to follow RHIC Spin Plan)**

**goal**

## Summary of proposal for Run 7-10

| RUN | SPECIES | √sNN(GeV) | PHYSICSWEEKS | L dt (recorded) | p+p Equivalent |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7 | Au+Au | 200 | 12 | 1.1 nb-1 | 44 pb-1 |
| 8 | d+Au | 200 | 10 | 58 nb-1 | 23 pb-1 |
|   | p+p | 200 | 15 | 71pb-1 | 71 pb-1 |
| 9 | Au+Au | TBD | 25-M |   |   |
|   | p+p | 500 | M |   |   |
| 10 | U+U? | 200 | 25-N |   |   |
|   | p+p | 500 | N |   |   |

## Run 9 & 10 plan

**complete large 200 GeV/A Au+Au data set**
**→ ****definitive measurements with rarest probes**
**if needed, complete 200 GeV polarized p+p**
**begin 500 GeV polarized p+p for W production**
**aim to begin low energy scan & utilize HBD**

**Run-9**

**begin commissioning VTX detector (HBD removed)**
**→ ****both p+p and heavy ion running**
**ion species/energy depend on Runs-7,9 and EBIS**
**significant 500 GeV polarized p+p for W production**
**utilizing muon trigger**

**Run-10**

## Concluding Remarks

**PHENIX (and RHIC) have been extremely successful**
**Runs 1-6 analyzed**
**publications are done or on the way**
**impact is extremely high**
**Extend demonstrated spin physics capabilities to higher p****T**** and to new channels**
**Careful planning and execution of upgrades**
**open new physics channels, extend reach for rare processes**
**help attract new collaborators to PHENIX**
**closely coupled to accelerator capability development**
**drive Beam Use Proposals for coming years**
**will prepare PHENIX for data-taking with RHIC-II**

**backup slides**

## Run 7 integrated luminosity requirement

**1.1 nb****-1**** recorded to yield x4 Run-4 statistics**
**(N.B. plan to combine with Run-9 for x10 sample)**
**42% efficiency implies 2.62 nb****-1**** delivered**
**conservative estimate is geometric mean of min,max delivered luminosity**
**215 ********b****-1****/week in steady state**
**12 weeks of Physics Running**
**conservative estimate ****→ ****0.95  ********b****-1 ****recorded**
**optimal estimate requires 15% better performance**
**   ****possible, but not guaranteed**
**	****fallback: collect missing events in Run-9**

## PHENIX data sets

## NSAC performance measures

## RXNP Detector Design

**Detector has North and South halves**
**Each half divided into quadrants**
**Each quadrant contains:**
**1 Pb converter **
**3 inner & 3 outer scintillators**
**6 fine mesh PMT’s**

**Notes:**
So this is the design that we came up with

## RXNP: 2x better reaction plane resolution

**equivalent to x4 statistics**

**charged multiplicity in RXN (a.u.)**

**< cos 2(********south**** - ********north**** ) >**

**< sin 2(********) >**

**BBC r.p. ~ 0.08**

## background rejection by HBD

## J/ pT spectrum precision

**J/******** p****T ****spectrum precision**

## Direct photons – suppressed or not?

- Current result

-  w/ 10x Run4 Stats.

## direct photon RdA

- Current result

-  w/ 10x Run3 Stats

## 3 Particle Correlation

**3 Particle Correlation**

**10 X run4 stat**

- Current result

- (Cone) Simulation w/ 10x Run4 Stats