# Presentation: 091378

## The Nearby Supernova Factory

- Greg Aldering *et al*
- LBL Director’s Review

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## The Collaboration

- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
- Laboratorie de Physique Nucleaire et de Haute Energies de Paris
- Institut de Physique Nucleaire de Lyon
- Centre de Recherche Astronomy de Lyon
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics - University of Chicago
- Yale University - QUEST group

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## SNfactory Genesis

-  Low-density universe measurement in fall 1997
-  Discovery of accelerating universe in winter 1998
-  First HST NIR SN observations in winter 1998
-  First z > 1 Type Ia SN in fall 1998
-  Nearby SN campaign in spring 1999
-  SNfactory conceived in spring 1999
-  SNAP conceived in spring 1999
-  SNfactory/SNAP LDRD in summer 1999
-  French commitment in winter 2001
-  Telescope secured in summer 2001
-  Design phase in 2001-2002
-  SAGENAP endorsement spring 2002
-  Construction phase 2002-2004
-  Ramp-up phase in summer 2004 to spring 2005

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## SNfactory Science Goals

- Improve statistical constraints on dark energy
- 2x improvement for SNLS, Essence, SNAP
- Improve systematics uncertainties on dark energy
- Better calibration of SN properties
- Span wide range of physical & empirical parameters
- Constrain SN physics
- 300 Type Ia SNe
- in the nearby smooth Hubble flow
- with many-epoch spectrophotometry

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## Cosmological Constraints from SNfactory

- SNfactory + SNAP

- SNfactory + SNLS

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## Lightcurve Standardization

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## Spectroscopic “CAT Scan”

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## Type Ia Supernova Spectral Features

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## SNfactory Probes Parameter Space

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## Project Organization

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## Nearby Discovery Challenge

- SNfactory:
- 50 Gb per night,
- every night

- High Redshift:
- 5 Gb per night,
- every 3rd night

- Follow-up spectroscopy
- gives redshift and type

- Continued spectrophometry allows synthetic photometry, giving lightcurve

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

##  99 SNe from prototype search

-  99 SNe from prototype search
-  Best “rookie year” search
-  Adapted to new QUEST II camera
-  65 confirmed + 60 probable in new search

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## 2002ic: First Type Ia with Hydrogen!

- Wood-Vasey,
- Wang & Aldering
- 2004, ApJ, 616, 339

- SN

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## SNIFS Operating Principle

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## Slide 15

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## SNIFS on the UH 2.2m

- Telescope

- Calibration Unit

- Cooling Lines

- Photometry
- CCD

- Mechanical
- Control Unit

- CCD
- Electronics

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## SNIFS IFU Example

- SNIFS direct image of globular star cluster

- Reconstructed
- IFU image

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## Slide 18

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## Spectra are Rolling In

- Spectral time series for:
- SN2004dt    SN2004ef
- SN2004gc   SN2004gk
- SN2004gs   SN2005L
- SN2005M   SN2005ac
- SN2005ag   SN2005ak
- SN2005al + 20 More
- 50 more screened
***Our spectral dataset is already as large as 60% of all published spectra since 1937.***

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## Redshift Distribution

- 42 Ia
- 21 II
-   2 Ib/c
- 60 untyped

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## Recent Research Highlights

- Discovery and Follow-up of First Type Ia Supernova showing Hydrogen
- Spectral Time Series for 31 SNe Ia
- SN Rates from Prototype Search
- UV - optical - NIR spectral coverage for some SN (from HST & Keck)
- In-depth spectral studes
- Carbon (progenitor material) detected in SN2005al
- High velocity calcium in SN2005M
- Missing Fe – only intermediate mass elements – in SN2004dt

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## SYNOW 

- SYNOW
- Analysis

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## Automated SYNOWAnalysis

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## Velocity Evolution Comparison

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## SN2004dt UVONIR Spectroscopy

- HST

- SNIFS

- Keck

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## SNfactory Recent Publications

*Published*
- Photometry of SN 2002ic and Implications for the Progenitor Mass-Loss  History, **Wood-Vasey, W. M., Wang, L., & Aldering, G., ApJ, 616, 339  (2004).**
- The Nearby Supernova Factory**, Wood-Vasey, W. M., et al., New Astronomy Review, 48, 637  (2004).  **
*Conference Presentations & Discovery Telegrams*
- Feeding the Pipeline: The SNfactory Search for Nearby Supernovae, **Scalzo, R.A., NERSC User’s Group, (2005).**
- The Nearby Supernova Factory**, Lee, B. C., et al., AAS, 204,   (2004).  **
- Nearby Supernova Factory Observations of the Type Ia Supernova 2004dt**,  Thomas, R. C., et al., AAS, 205,   (2004).**
- First Results from the Nearby Supernova Factory**, Scalzo, R. A., et al.,  AAS, 205,   (2004).**
- Supernova Rates from the Nearby Supernova Factory Prototype Search, **Wood-Vasey, W. M., AAS 205, (2004).**
- Type determination for SN 2005M**, Aldering, G., et al., ATel, 396, 1  (2005).  **
- Type determination for SN 2005L**, Aldering, G., et al., ATel, 401, 1  (2005).  **
- Type Determination for SN 2005ac**, Aldering, G., et al., ATel, 408, 1  (2005).  **
- + 30 additional **Astronomer’s Telegrams  **

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## Challenges & Opportunities

**Operations are continous and dynamic.**
- Moore software support will improve situational awareness.

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## Slide 28

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## Challenges & Opportunities

**Operations are continous and dynamic.**
- Moore software support will improve situational awareness.
**Possible closure of UH88 in 2007 due to PanStarrs.**
- Try to secure more telescope time in 2006
- Consider new telescope for SNIFS after UH88 closure

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## Challenges & Opportunities

**Operations are continous and dynamic.**
- Moore software support will improve situational awareness.
**Possible closure of UH88 in 2007 due to PanStarrs.**
- Try to secure more telescope time in 2006
- Consider new telescope for SNIFS after UH88 closure
**Search generates many more candidates than SNIFS can handle.**
- Improve operational efficiency
- Implement photometric screening
- Consider imaging follow-up of the more distant SNe Ia

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005

## Conclusion

-  SNIFS has been operating for eighteen months
-  We have roughly two dozen-well studied SNe Ia
-  Important complementary data obtained
-  HST ultraviolet spectroscopy for 4 SNe Ia
-  Keck infrared spectroscopy for 7 SNe Ia
-  Infrared imaging for 9 SNe Ia
-  Already have data on several unusual SNe Ia
-  Search efficiency is now high
-  Completing transition to full-scale operations
-  Moore funding has proven crucial
-  Will implement photometric screening ASAP
-  Will attempt to accelerate program in 2006

- LBL Director's Review

- November 9, 2005