BEE-spoke-data/govdocs1-by-extension huggingface dataset:
# Presentation: 341634

## MNM Fatal 2008-10

- Powered Haulage Accident
- May 27, 2008 (California)
- Crushed Stone Operation
- Truck Driver
- 52 years old
- 11⁄2 years experience

## Overview

- The victim was fatally injured when he
- backed a truck to dump a load of material
- on top of a stockpile and the ground failed.
- The truck rolled over the edge and fell
- vertically approximately 30 feet landing
- upside down at the bottom of the stockpile.

## Slide 3

## Root Causes

- Management policies and procedures were inadequate and failed to ensure that persons operating haul trucks could safely dump on the One Way stockpile. The edge of the stockpile was cut steep at approximately a 78 degree angle because material was removed from the toe of the stockpile at the same time that trucks were dumping at the top.
- Management policies were inadequate and failed to ensure that truck drivers wore seat belts that were provided.

## Best Practices

- Wear seat belts whenever operating mobile equipment.
- Maintain berms at least mid-axle height on the largest piece of equipment using a roadway.
- Visually inspect dumping locations prior to beginning work and as changing conditions warrant.
- Dump loads a safe distance back from the edge of a stockpile if it is suspected the ground may fail to support mobile equipment.
- Do not dump at the top of a stockpile while material is being loaded out below or near the edge of over-steepened stockpile faces.
- Maintain stockpile slopes at the angle of repose.
# Presentation: 451791

## Statewide Rainfall Update Wet Season (Oct-Apr)2006-2007

- Kevin Kodama
- Senior Service Hydrologist
- NOAA/NWS Honolulu

## Summary

**Overall:  Below normal rainfall across the state**
**Rainy Oct-Nov followed by El Nino assisted dryness **
**2006-2007 wet season:  8****th ****driest in 30 years**
**Comparison:  2006-2007, 11****th**** wettest**
**Wettest:  1981-1982**
**Driest:  1977-1978**

## Kauai

**Most sites below normal**
**Mt. Waialeale:  171.98 inches, 67% normal**
**2005-2006:  300.62 inches, 117% normal**
**Lihue Airport:  17.01 inches, 60% normal**

## Oahu 

**Most sites near to below normal (50-70%)**
**Oahu NWR: 116.16” (92% normal)**
**Honolulu AP:  8.12” (52% normal)**
**2005-2006:  25.62 in., 165% normal**

## Molokai

**Mainly near to below normal**
**Kaunakakai:  13.36 in. (92% normal)**
**Molokai 1: 30.86 in. (70% normal)**

## Lanai

**Below normal**
**Lanai City:  11.21 in. (45% normal)**

## Maui

**Mostly near to below normal**
**W. Wailuaiki: 107.26 in. (83% normal)**
**Lahainaluna:  7.31 in. (42% normal)**
**Puu Kukui (2****nd**** highest average in the state): 108.21 in. (46% normal)**

## Hawaii

**Most sites near to below normal**
**Glenwood:  97.20 in. (84% normal)**
**Keahole AP:  4.20 in. (54% normal)**

## Questions?
# Presentation: 118603

## Snake River Project RelicensesH-1, H-2, H-3, H-4, and H-5 

## Snake River Projects

## Key Issues

- Federally Listed Snails
- Settlement Agreement
- Bliss & Lower Salmon Operations
- C.J. Strike Operations
- Snail Protection Plan

## Relicensing Results

- Continued Generation - 264.8 MW
- Operational Flexibility
- Protection of Listed Snails
- New Wetlands

## Relicensing Results (cont.)

- Riparian and Spring Habitat 	Protection
- Recreation Access Enhancement
- White Sturgeon Protection
- Visual Enhancement
# Presentation: 780908

## General Aviation Electronic Pilot Reports ARNAV Systems, Inc., Puyallup, WA

- General Aviation Electronic Pilot Reports ARNAV Systems, Inc., Puyallup, WA

**Innovation**
- Graphical display of Weather Information (not data) in the Cockpit made possible through low cost, datalink for ground to cockpit transmission for General Aviation; provides “e-mail” messaging from the cockpit.

- Accomplishments
- Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) navigation, graphical display on cockpit management systems, and wireless datalink communications  technology, has formed the hardware basis for the Weather in the Cockpit System

- Commercialization
- Sales of DataLink & Display Products exceeded $1 million in 1997, expected orders in excess of $30 million over next 5  years
- Equipment used in 100 aircraft  for Operation Helistar during 1996 Olympic Games,  the largest ever “Free Flight” demonstration
- Equipment credited by the FAA in saving 50+ lives during  1995-96 in Emergency Medical use in Chattanooga, TN

- Government/Science Applications -Weather Display on its Moving map for situational awareness
- Two-way datalink communications& Cockpit Display of Traffic
- Partnerships created with major weather  research vendor - NCAR to improve hazardous weather prediction & depict it intuitively for future GA cockpit. The technology creates a reduction in pilot work load and
- improve  safety

- Points of Contact:
-    -  NASA: 	Henry Jarrett III;  (757)  864-1917
-    - ARNAV:  	Susan Hamner
- 	253-848-6060
- 	http:\\www.arnav.com
- 	 ARNAV Systems, Inc.
- 	16923 Meridian East
- 	Puyallup, WA 98373

- LaRC NASA Field Center
- 1993 SBIR  Phase II; NAS1 # -96036
- SS # 1-013
- Last update: 4/99

**Cockpit Navigation Display + Weather Overlay**
# Presentation: 573953

## Liquid Interfaces: Summary

**Key scientific drivers:**
- Interfacial processes: biological, chemical, physical. Liquid mixtures, salts, and alloys.
- Active interfaces: Liquid-liquid electrolytes, catalytic surfaces, nucleating template films.
- Biomimetic films, membranes, activity of proteins biological function and disease.
**Experiments enabled by NSLS-II, not presently possible**
- In-situ scattering with time resolution, elemental contrast, and high structural resolution.
- Microfocussing to address more samples and enable more efficient detectors to be used.
- High energy instrumentation for work at buried interfaces.
- Low energy instrumentation for resonance from light elements.
**Technical capabilities required**
- Stable small beam.  Fixed-position energy tunability.  Optics for microfocussing.
- 	- high energy line (50 keV) for buried interfaces
- 	- liquid spectrometer line with 2-30 keV range
**Detector requirements:** Fast area detector, ideally R+D for E discrimination < 5 eV
**Software and computing infrastructure:** YES. Data server, conferencing, grid access.
**Ancillary equipment**: New developments in simultaneous microscopy, spectroscopy
**Laboratory / hutch ESH:** Suitable for all chemistries, nanoparticles.

## Liquid Interfaces: Summary

**Communities which participate and benefit:**
- Liquid interfaces; buried interfaces; catalysis and mineral-liquid communities
- Two full-, three part-time LSS’s at NSLS and APS, used by 30+ PI’s plus:
- 	non-independent collaborators; students/postdocs; international LSS experts;
- 	neutron scattering community.  Typical to use 10 days/run.
**High energy station working group:**
- Ocko, Zhong, Schlossman, DiMasi
**LSS and energy tunable station, low energy spectrometer working group:**
- DiMasi, Fukuto, Blasie, Schlossman, Kuzmenko, Pershan, Lösche, Ocko, et al
**Proposal:**
- 	build state of the art 6.5-30 keV NSLS instrument now
- 	jump-start the community ahead of time
- 	move new instrument to NSLS-II
# Presentation: 461052

## The OSHA-AIHA Alliance:Meeting the Goals Together

**The OSHA-AIHA Alliance:****Meeting the Goals Together**

**Paula O. White**
**Director, Cooperative and State Programs**
**for**
**AIHA Technical Committee**

## The Alliance Program

- Broadly written agreements 	established
- 	at the National, Regional or Area Offices
- Goals focus on:
- Training and education
- Outreach and communication
- Promoting the national dialogue
- Customized implementation teams:
- Consultation representative invited
- State plan representative invited
- Two-year, renewable
- Quarterly update meetings or conference calls

## Slide 3

## Slide 4

## Early Accomplishments of the OSHA-AIHA Alliance

- Connecting AIHA chapters with OSHA Ed Centers
- Links on the AIHA Web site
- OSHA will designate three adjunct members to AIHA’s Ergo Committee
- AIHA participation on editorial boards of Safety & Health topics pages

## Safety & Health Topics Pages

- Pages include reference materials, training slides, and links to:
-  OSHA standards, directives, and other documentation
-  Other government or industry safety standards or guidelines
-  Relative trade associations and noncommercial Web pages

## Slide 7

## Responsibilities of Editorial Board Members

- Review topic page biannually to:
- Check for general clarity and accuracy
- Ensure information is current and relevant
- Ensure references/links are listed under proper heading and in preferred order
- Communicate needed changes to page editor
- Identify additional information and links to be included on the page

## Ergo Outreach & Assistance Plan

- Provide general and guideline-specific outreach, assistance, tools, & support:
- Cooperative Programs
- Ergonomics Web page
- Training and Education
- Recognize worksites for their ergonomic initiatives

## Ergonomics Alliances

- American Industrial Hygiene Association
- Airlines Alliance, 13 Airlines and the National Safety Council International Air Transport Section
- American Meat Institute
- American Society of Safety Engineers
- Printing Alliance
- Society of the Plastics Industry
- American Furniture Manufacturers Association

## Slide 11

## Slide 12

## Working together

- New Projects
# Presentation: 344032

## Lab Interactions & Education Program

## Lab Interactions that worked

## Large eddy simulation of a buoyant helium plume using an unstructured hex grid with local refinement near the plume edge equivalent to 512 points azimuthally

- Conserved scalar is used to transport the He mixture fraction

## Workshops - Summer 2008

## Labs participation in 2008 Summer workshops

- CTR Summer Program - July 7-August 4
- S. Domino, J. Hewson, D. Lignell (SNL)
- V&V of Approximate Projection Methods
- Combustion and Soot Formation
- UQ Workshop - July 25-26
- M. Eldred (SNL)
- J. Red-Horse (SNL)
- T. Wallstrom (LANL)
- C. Tong (LLNL)

## Educational aspects

- Degree granting Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering (ICME)
- ICME impact on education and research
- Interdisciplinary
- Outstanding math students exposed to physics and engineering, engaged in Uncertainty Quantification
- appropriate talent for out of box thinking, emphasis on programming and covering statistics, discrete math and PDEs

## New Courses

- Hypersonics
- The fundamental principals and equations related to hypersonic flight and high temperature gas dynamics, including chemical and thermal equilibrium and non-equilibrium, statistical thermodynamics, kinetic theory, transport phenomena, radiation, surface heating and scramjet engines.
- Uncertainty Quantification and Probabilistic Methods.
- Lectures will cover mathematical and statistical foundations of random variables and processes for uncertainty modeling. Introduction of the state-of-the-art uncertainty propagation schemes, such as advanced sampling techniques and stochastic Galerkin methods, is the major focus of this course.

## Pervasive Parallelism Lab

- Goal: Parallel Programming environment for 2010
- Parallelism for the masses: make parallel programming accessible to the average programmer
- Parallel algorithms, development environments, and runtime systems that scale to 1000s of hardware threads
- Concurrent software a core component of undergraduate CS education
- PPL is a combination of
- Leading Stanford researchers in applications, languages, systems software and computer architecture
- Leading companies in computer systems and software
- Compelling vision for creating and managing pervasive parallelism

## Opportunities for Lab Scientists at Stanford

- Advanced Graduate Classes Teaching
- P. Miller (LLNL): Advanced Large Scale Programming
- PhD Dissertation Reading Committees
- Students will benefit from areas of long-standing expertise and real-world applications
- Compete for sponsored joint research. e.g. SciDAC, AirForce
# Presentation: 511257

## NOνA Bylaws Committee
Interim Report
May 16, 2004
Dave Ayres
 for the Bylaws Committee

**Interim Report**
**May 16, 2004**
*Dave Ayres*
* **for the Bylaws Committee*

_**Committee Members**_
- Dave Ayres (Chair)
- Debbie Harris
- Sacha Kopp
- Scott Menary
- Jeff Nelson
- Mark Thomson

## Bylaws Committee Charge, Input,  Meetings

- _Charge_
-       The committee is charged with formulating a preliminary plan for the collaboration organization to be discussed at the May meeting, with proposed detailed bylaws to be presented at and voted on at the following meeting.
- Looked at examples from other collaborations: MINOS, CLEO, BaBar, CDF, D0, SNO...
- Telephone Meetings on April 26 and May 10, plus Email discussion
- Worked through three drafts, culminating in the current version

## Basic Features of Draft

- Institutional Board: One member from every institution, except Fermilab has 2
- Eventually treat small institutions differently
- Chair elected for 1 year term
- Runs collaboration-wide Email elections for CoSpokespersons and Executive Committee
- Decides membership issues and Bylaws Amendments
- Two CoSpokespersons (with no Deputy)
- Elected for interleaved 2-year terms
- Responsible for scientific, financial and organizational policy
- Executive Committee: 7 elected members , including 1 “young member,” plus CoSpokespersons and IB Chair
- 7 members elected for interleaved  2-year terms
- Advises CoSpokespersons on policy issues
- Decides publication policy, appoints Speakers’ Bureau
- Elections: by “instant runoff method”
- Voters list candidates in order of preference; iterate count until one gets majority
- Voters chosen by each institutions according to qualification guidelines
- Authorship policy: to be decided later, by IB

## Possible Bylaws Issues

- Should the initial Bylaws distinguish between small and large institutions for purposes of IB voting, or should we leave this for the IB to decide later?
- Draft says IB does it later.
- Should the Bylaws have explicit rules about conflict of interest restrictions on CoSpokespersons and Executive Committee members?
-  Draft does not mention conflict of interest issues.
- How should the Bylaws define “senior membership” in the Collaboration?
- Draft says that senior members, who want to join after their institution has been admitted, must be individually approved by the IB.
- Draft defines senior members as those with permanent appointments or appointments that are expected to be renewed indefinitely.
- Should the Bylaws provide for Collaboration-wide election of important leadership positions (e.g., Analysis Coordinators) other than CoSpokesperson and EC members?
- Draft says that CoSpokespersons and the EC will create such positions, and make appointments, after soliciting advice from the Collaboration.
# Presentation: 218535

## Fiber Optic Link Radiation Qualification GuideTask 04-051

** **

| Cost   |   |   |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Schedule |   |   |
| Technical |   |  Low risk on survey. |
| Programmatic |   |  Work is mature, but requires clear guideline. |

**Total ROM Cost (non-CS) = $ 50K **

**Description:**

**Benefits:**

**Schedule/Costs:**

**Risks:**

- Red, Yellow, or Green

**Lead Center/PI: ****GSFC – Steve Buchner/QSS,**
**Paul Marshall/Consultant**** **
**Co-Is: **
**Center Funding Split: ****GSFC - $50K/0.1**

**Non-NASA Organizations/Procurements:**
**DTRA providing dollar matching directly.**

**CS FTEs = 0.1 **

**Deliverables:**

**Fiber optic links are being used in multiple NASA space systems ranging from ISS to instruments such as GLAS. Qualifying a fiber link for radiation issues has challenges that are unique when compared to pure electrical systems. Differing test methods and engineering tools are required to support our NASA needs from instruments to data movement to fiber gyros to phased array and free space communications.**
**This task continues work that was begun in FY03 to document the known methods for radiation qualification and to provide a lessons learned for future system qualification.**

**The key benefit is in providing a standard guideline towards**
**radiation qualification, thus enhancing mission reliability for**
**those instruments and subsystems (CADH, FOG, Comm, etc)**
**fhat utilize fiber links.**

**Survey of existing test qualification methods for FOs**
**Guideline document for radiation FOL qualification**

- Tactical  # 13 , Slide # 31
# Presentation: 683493

## STATUS OF POTENCY REAGENTS AND CANDIDATE VACCINE STRAINS 

- Food And Drug Administration
- Center For Biologics Evaluation And Research

## POTENCY REAGENTS

- _Reagents Currently Available for:_
**H1N1****	****-A/New Caledonia/20/99**
**H3N2****	****-A/Panama/2007/99**
**B ****	****	****-B/Yamanashi/166/98**
- _Candidate Strains:_
**If new strains are chosen,  reagents will be available in May at the earliest.**

## INFLUENZA A (H1N1) STRAIN

- _Current vaccine:_ 	_Reassortant _ 	    _Growth_
**A/New Caledonia/20/99      IVR-116****	****Mod/high  yield**
- _Candidate strains:_
**No new antigenically divergent strains**

## INFLUENZA A (H3N2) STRAIN

- _Current vaccine:_     	_Reassortant_  	_Growth_
**A/Panama/2007/99****	**** Resvir-17****	****      ****	****Mod/high**
- _Candidate strains:_
**A/Ulan Ude/1/2000****	****X-143****	****	****      ****	****Mod/high ****	**

## INFLUENZA B STRAINS

- _Current vaccine strain:_	      	_Growth_
**B/Yamanashi/166/98****	****	****Moderate**
- _Candidate strains:_
**B/Johannesburg/5/99****	****	****Low**
**B/Victoria/504/2000****	****	****	****Moderate**
**B/Alaska/16/2000****	****	****	****Low ****	**
# Presentation: 759017

## Suspicious Activity Report Filing Trend for the State of Washington                                                                                       For the Period April 1, 1996 through December 31, 2007

**Suspicious Activity Report Filing Trend for the State of Washington                                                                                       For the Period April 1, 1996 through December 31, 2007**

***Total SARs: 50,681***

## Characterizations of Suspicious Activity for the State of Washington

- Note:  The pie chart represents the top nine characterizations plus additional characterizations in total.
-            An individual SAR may cite more than one characterization.  Hence, the number of characterizations detailed here significantly exceeds the total number of SARs.

**Characterizations of Suspicious Activity for the State of Washington**
**For the Period April 1, 1996 through December 31, 2007**

## Washington Mortgage Loan Fraud SAR Filing Trend For the Period April 1, 1996 through December 31, 2007

***Total SARs: 905***

- Note:  Suspicious Activity Report statistical data is continuously updated as additional reports are filed and processed.  For this reason, there may be minor discrepancies between the statistical figures contained in this report and those in previous FinCEN reports.  Annual numbers for this exhibit are calculated by ***Subject Address*** and not filer address; therefore, the annual totals appearing in the above graph do not match those in Section 1, Exhibit 8 (Characterization of Suspicious Activity by State & Territory by Year).

## Suspicious Activity Report Geographic Pattern for the State of Washington

**For the Period January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2006**

**Note: Statistics based on Filer Branch Address**

## Suspicious Activity Report Geographic Pattern for the State of Washington

**For the Period January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2007**

**Note: Statistics based on Filer Branch Address**
# Presentation: 429477

## muscadineVitis  rotundifolia  Michx.Synonyms:  Muscadinia  munsoniana,  M.  rotundifolia,  Vitis  amara,  V.  Angulata, V.  campestris, V.  cordifolia,  V.  munsoniana,  V.  muscadina,  V.  verrucosa ,  V.  vulpina.Other common names;  muscadine grape, frost grape, river-bank grape, wild grape, bull grape, bullit grape, bullace.

**FOOD:**
- The grapes were often eaten raw.  However, because they taste too acidy in any large amount they were often used as part of a food recipe.  The young leaves were brewed as a tea.
- The Cherokees mixed the grape juice with pokeberry juice, sugar and cornmeal as a beverage.  They also used the grapes in making dumplings.
**CULTURALLY:**
- The grapes produce a gray violet dye which was used in decorating clothing and basketry.  The vine itself was used in basketry by some tribes.

- Photo courtesy of:  Carl Hunter. USDA SCS. 1991. *Southern wetland flora: Field office guide to plant species*. South National Technical Center, Fort Worth, TX. Courtesy of _[USDA NRCS Wetland Science Institute](http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/WLI/)_. This image is not copyrighted and may be freely used for any purpose. Please credit the artist, original publication if applicable, and the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database. The following format is suggested and will be appreciated:**Carl Hunter** @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / **USDA SCS. 1991. *****Southern wetland flora: Field office guide to plant species*****. South National Technical Center, Fort Worth, TX.**

- Slide developed by Pat Broyles, Soil Conservationist, Manhattan, KS. PMC.  USDA is an equal opportunity employer.
# Presentation: 670830

## The Assessment of Seasonal Forecast Skills

-  from the Canadian HFP

- Q. Teng1, S. Kharin1, F. Zwiers1 and X. Zhang2

- 1Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Meteorological Service of Canada
- 2CCRM, Climate Research Branch, Meteorological Service of Canada

## Introduction

- ● **Basic premise:**

- ● **Main sources of error:**

- ● **Forecast verification:**

-    Slow variations in lower-boundary forcing (e.g., SST; sea-ice
-    cover and temperature; land surface).

## Model and Data

- ● **Model Output**

| Historical Forecasting Project | Models | Resolution | Predictions  | Ensemble Members |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| HFP1
 (Derome 
et al. 2001)
 | GCM2 
(McFarlane et al. 1992) | T32L10 | MAM; 
JJA;
SON;
DJF;
(1969 - 1995) | 6 |
|  | SEF
(e.g., Ritchie 1991) | T63L23 |  | 6 |
| HFP2 | GEM
 (Côté et al. 1998) | 1.875°L50 | JFMA; FMAM;
MAMJ; AMJJ; MJJA; JJAS; JASO; ASON; SOND; ONDJ; NDJF; DJFM;
(1969 - 2001) | 10 |
|  | GCM3 
(McFarlane et al. 2001) | T63L31 |  | 10 |

## Bias -- Z500 (DJF)

##  RMSE -- Z500

- North America (**NAM**): 20° - 80°N, 150° - 45°W;
- Northern Extra-tropics (**NEX**): 30° - 87.5°N, 180°E - 180°W;
- Tropics (**TR**): 30°S - 30°N, 180°E - 180°W;
- Globe (**GL**): 87.5°S - 87.5°N, 180°E - 180°W.
*Canada (****CA****): 40° - 87.5°N, 150° - 45°W; *
*Pacific-North-America (****PNA****): 20° - 80°N, 180° - 60°W; *
*Northern Hemisphere (****NH****): 0° - 87.5°N, 180°E - 180°W;*

**NCEP**

##  RMSE

## Brier Score (BS) and Brier Skill Score (BSS)

- ● **BS**

- ● **BSS**

## Brier Skill Score (BSS) -- Cont’d

- ● **BSS**

- ● **Three methods to estimate P ****(Kharin and Zwiers 2003)****:**

## BSS -- Z500 & T700 

## BSS -- Z500 North America

-    **BN**                                        **NN**                                        **AN**

**MAM**

**JJA**

**SON**

**DJF**

## BSS -- Z500 Tropics

## BSS -- Time Series (DJF Tropics)

**Years**

- The year refers to the Dec. of the corresponding winter.

## Decomposition of BS

- Following Murphy (1973), the BS can be expressed as:

**    ****reliability                 resolution        uncertainty**

## Attributes Diagram -- T2m Tropics (DJF)

**Count**

**Gaussian**

**Improved**

## ROC -- Z500 North America (DJF)

**Count**

**Gaussian**

**Improved**

## ROCSS

** ****Z****500**                             **T****700****                                            T****2m**

## Summary

- ● **The identity of the best single model varies;**

- ● **The multi-model ensemble is superior to the **
**   ****single model ensembles;**

- ● **The raw Gaussian fit method is generally better **
**    ****than the count method, while the statistically **
**    ****improved technique may not always be beneficial. **

## Acknowledgments

**Juan-Sebastian Fontecilla, Normand Gagnon, **
**Fouad Majaess and Steve Lambert.**
# Presentation: 245693

## Hypothesis:  Inhaled anesthetics promote aggregation and toxicity of disease-associated peptides, and thereby accelerate the onset of neurodegenerative disorders, like Alzheimers.

- Dept. Anesthesiology & Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania
- roderic.eckenhoff@uphs.upenn.edu

**Hypothesis:**  Inhaled anesthetics promote aggregation and toxicity of disease-associated peptides, and thereby accelerate the onset of neurodegenerative disorders, like Alzheimers.

**Methods:**
- In vitro protein studies – Aβ.1-40 and Aβ1-42 .
- Cell culture models – exogenous and endogenous.
- Transgenic animal models of enhanced Aβ expression.

**Background: **
- Durable post-operative cognitive decline in older people.
- Positive odds ratio for Alzheimer disease and prior surgery.
- Biophysical basis for enhanced protein oligomerization.

**Disclosure: **No conflicts

## Isolated proteins

*Anesthesiology 2004;101:703*
*Current Alzheimer Research 2007 (in press)*

## Cell Culture

*Anesthesiology 2004;101:703*

## Animals: Tg2576

## Impact of Prior Anesthesia History on ADSilber & Rosenbaum analysis of Bohnen papers

- <date/time>

- Impact of Prior Anesthesia History on ADSilber & Rosenbaum analysis of Bohnen papers

- P=0.08 one sided

- P=0.11 one sided

## Conclusions:

- Inhaled anesthetics accelerate aggregation of Aβ. Halo>Iso
- Inhaled anesthetics stabilize the toxic Aβ oligomer.
- Aβ plus anesthetic is more cytotoxic than either alone.
- Inhaled anesthetics enhance plaque in transgenic mouse brain.
- Isoflurane causes learning/memory impairment in old WT mice.

**Future directions**:
- Rank-order effects for all these actions.
- Effects at pre-symptomatic stage.
- Large epidemiologic studies.
- Biomarker studies.
# Presentation: 813728

## Ionospheric Plasma at Magnetopause

- Polar now crossing the magnetopause frequently
- Example:
- 0630-0745: magnetosheath
- 0745-0800: brief crossing
- 0800-0900: decreasing energy, supersonic plasma waves or vortexes, ionospheric composition.
- 0900-1100: continued sloshing, waves or vortexes
- 1130-1400: counter-streaming ionospheric flows
- Ionospheric plasma dominates density just inside magnetopause in most cases.
- Geopause ≈ Magnetopause

- Polar Science News

## TIMAS View of GeoMagnetopause

- TIMAS sees higher energy parts of same features.
- Low O+ content in plasma immediately inside MP suggests plasmaspheric plume source.
- Field alignment outflow signature is extreme at these energies after 1130UT.
- Very little hot plasma present for this event.
- This is **not** what we expect from current theory and simulation models.

- Polar Science News
# Presentation: 199027

## Darcy Miller

## Agenda

- Purpose
- Participants
- System Overview
- Benefits
- System Development
- Demonstration

## Purpose

- Provide a system for executing Work Procedures electronically.
- Electronic stamping
- Electronic signatures
- Permanent Data Record
- http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/payload/projects/qapdc

## Stamp

## Participants

**NASA: ****	**		Darcy Miller		BF-A2
-  				Tony Anderson		EY-C
- 				Kathy Potter 		BF-A2
-  				Susan McLeod		BF-A2
-  				Jan Palin			BF-A2
- 				Troy Bentley		BF-A2
- 				Chaz Wendling		BF-A2
**SENTEL:****	**	Kevin Jackson
- 				Mike Kappel
**Rocketdyne:**		Merle Japp
-  				Jason Armour
**Auburn University:** 	Dr. Loretta Moore
**Boeing:**			Rob Thomas
- 				Jerry Gillman
- 				Sherry Reed
- 				Donna Spencer

## System Development - Prototype

- Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Contract with SENTEL Corporation (5/94-5/96)
- Technology 2006 Trade Show - Received NASA SBIR Technology of the year award for computers/software. (10/96)
- Pilot Study #1 complete (11/96)
- Prototype complete (3/97)
- Usability Study on Prototype  - Auburn University (8/97)

## System Development - Operational

- Space Act Agreement - NASA and SENTEL Partnership (7/97 to present)
- Test in Space Shuttle Main Engine Shop,  Boeing - Rocketdyne(3/98 to 4/98)
- Usability Study on Operational system (6/98)

## Implementation:

- Space Station Processing Facility, TCMS (Test 8/98, Operational 11/98)
- Implement EPIC in Hypergolic Maintenance Facility - United Space Alliance (started 6/98, begin testing 10/98)
-  Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI) awarded SENTEL contract to develop EPIC system for Tennessee Valley Authority (6/98)

## <footer>

- <date/time>

## System Overview

- Work
- Document

**Document**
**Conversion**

- NASA

- Database

- (Word
- Processor)

**Execution**

**Portable Data**
**Terminal**

- SENTEL

- Task Data
- in Database

**Report**
**Generation**

- SENTEL

- Report,
- Archival
- Database

**Stamp**
**Admin-**
**istration**

- NASA

## Benefits

**All task team members see changes to document instantly** (Deviations, Quality buy-offs, document closures, signatures, etc.)  Team is informed.  Assures data accuracy.
**Deviations will be incorporated directly into document** rather than just attachments.  Improves accuracy of operation.  Processing, approving, and distributing deviations is done electronically.

## Benefits (Con’t)

**Improves information availability**** **for incident investigations and management reporting.
**Eliminates need to carry multiple stamps and ink pads.**
**Emergency procedures** can be accessed immediately.
**Future savings** may be realized by using the data in statistical analysis to identify and implement process improvements.

## Demonstration
# Presentation: 931656

## Patrick Air Force Base – Housing Privatization

***Rapid City, SD - FUPWG***
***October 19, 2005***
**Michael Philo**
**Executive Account Manger**

## Patrick Air Force Base

- Space Command for 45th Space Wing
- Located Florida east central coast
- Primary mission launching rockets
- Patrick AFB has 1,510 family housing units
- Housing privatization project – 960 units in the South Housing Area

***Kennedy Space Center***

***Cape Canaveral***
***Air Force Station***

***Patrick Air***
***Force Base***

***PAFB South Base Housing***

***Demographics***

**Notes:**
PAFB is the space command for the 45th Space Wing The wing provides support for CCAFS and NASA

Spaceport is approximately 250 square miles 

Primary mission is to launch rockets that carry military and commercial satellites and scientific satellites and other types of payloads for Nasa.

## Patrick AFB – S Base Housing Privatization Project

- Area site ~ 3⁄4 sq. mile
- New name – Pelican Coast
- Houses conveyed – 960
- Utility infrastructure conveyed
- AF retained 27 support facilities
- 5 year redevelopment requirement
- Incorporated into the City of Satellite Beach

***Housing Project Description***

## Patrick AFB – S Base Housing Privatization Project 

- 1958 Vintage Distribution
- 90% overhead
- Small wire
- Delta wired electrical distribution system
- Metered in substation
- Rear distribution and concrete poles

**FPL Primary Map**

***Electric Distribution System Description***

- PAFB South Base Housing – Pelican Coast Development

## Patrick AFB – S Base Housing Privatization Project 

- Regulatory
- System integration
- Primary maps
- SCADA
- Trouble
- Meter installations
- System standards
- Crew safety training
- Executed transition plan April 30, 2004

***Distribution Transition Issues Addressed***

- FPL Crew Connecting South Housing to FPL System

## Patrick AFB – S Base Housing Privatization Project

- Systems integration
- Customer of record
- Premise addressing
- Deposits
- Welcome wagon information
- Trouble calls
- Customer Care Center
- Home energy conservation
- Initial meter read on transition day

***Customer Service Transition***
***Issues Addressed***

## Patrick AFB – S Base Housing Privatization Project

- Three hurricanes last season (*)
- 50% of property has been cleared and homes in construction
- Most of FPL UG backbone installed
- Air Force personnel are happy FPL customers!

***April 30, 2004 Transition to Today***

***  Quote from Brig Gen Mark Owen, “Please accept my sincere appreciation for the outstanding support that FPL provided to the men and women of 45****th**** Space Wing after hurricanes Francis and Jeanne.  FPL came though with flying colors!”**

## Patrick AFB – S Base Housing Privatization Project 

***Before***

## Patrick AFB – S Base Housing Privatization Project

***After***

## Patrick AFB – S Base Housing Privatization Project

***Before  ***

## Patrick AFB – S Base Housing Privatization Project

***After***

## Patrick AFB – S Base Housing Privatization Project

**FPL - Mike Philo**
**Telephone - (321) 726-4966**
**E-mail – mike_c_philo@fpl.com**

***Contact Information***
# Presentation: 860990

## Design and Characterization of the 4STAR Sun-Sky Spectrometer with Results from SPICE 2008 4-Way Intercomparison of 4STAR, AATS-14, Prede, and Cimel Photometers at Mauna Loa Observatory

**Design and Characterization of the 4STAR Sun-Sky Spectrometer with Results from SPICE 2008 4-Way Intercomparison of 4STAR, AATS-14, Prede, and Cimel Photometers at Mauna Loa Observatory**
- _C Flynn__1_, S Dunagan2, R Johnson2, B Schmid1, Y Shinozuka2, S Ramachandran2,3, J Livingston2,4, P Russell2, J Redemann2,5, A Tran6,7, B Holben6

- FILE NAME   |   FILE CREATION DATE   |   ERICA CLEARANCE NUMBER

- 1Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 2NASA Ames Research Center, 3Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad India, 4SRI International, 5Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 6NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 7Science Systems and Applications, Inc.

- A11E-0192

- Uncertainties in radiative forcing of climate are still dominated by uncertainties in forcing by aerosols. Aerosols impact the radiation balance in three primary ways: the direct effect through scattering and absorption of radiation, the indirect effect by acting as cloud condensation nuclei affecting cloud optical depth and longevity, and the semi-direct effect affecting cloud formation and longevity through heating and thermodynamics.
- An active collaboration between the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center (ARC), and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is advancing new instrument concepts with application to reducing these aerosol uncertainties. The concept of 4STAR (Spectrometer for Sky-Scanning, Sun-Tracking Atmospheric Research) combines airborne sun tracking capabilities of the Ames Airborne Tracking Sun Photometer (AATS-14) and Aeronet-like sky scanning capability with state-of-the-art monolithic spectrometry.
- The overall science goal for the new instruments is to improve knowledge of atmospheric constituents and their links to climate. The high-resolution spectral capability will improve retrievals of gas constituents (e.g., H2O, O3, and NO2) and thereby improve determination of aerosol properties as residual components of the total optical depth. The sky scanning capability will enable retrievals of aerosol type (via complex refractive index and shape) and aerosol size distribution extending to larger sizes than attainable by direct-beam sun photometry alone.

_**Abstract**_

**What is 4STAR?**

_**4STAR-Ground**_

- Two curves per color – excellent agreement

- 4STAR-Ground

- AATS-14

- Prede POM-01
# Presentation: 538764

## Overall CWP Prevalence vs DO Dust Concentrations,1970 – 2006 

- CWP Prevalence*

- ’70 – ’73
- 71,466

- ’73 – ’78
- 115,386

- ’78 – ’81
- 58,294

- ’82 – ’86
- 25,154

- ’87 – ’91
- 13,920

- ’92 – ’96
- 15,767

- ’96 – ’02
- 18,388**

- *Round and No. Participants

- 1970 – 1972: 3.0 mg/m3 dust std.
- 1972 – Present: 2.0 mg/m3 dust std.

- **Miner’s Choice and CWXSP

- ’03 – ’06
- 13,439

## CWP Prevalence vs DO Dust Concentrations, 1970 – 2006 Miners with 25 or More Years Tenure 

- CWP Prevalence*

- ‘’70–’’73

- *Round and No. Miners X-rayed

- 1970 – 1972: 3.0 mg/m3 dust std.
- 1973 – Present: 2.0 mg/m3 dust std.

- **Miner’s Choice and CWXSP

- ‘’73–’’78

- ‘’78–’’81

- ‘’82–’’86

- ‘’87–’’91

- ‘’92–’’96

- ‘’96–’’02

- ‘’03–’’06

| CWP Prevalence (25 yrs+)* |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Years | # Miners X-rayed | % CWP |
| '70 - '73  | 18, 862 | 28.0% |
| '73 - '78 | 11, 630 | 34.0% |
| '78 - '81 | 4,840 | 27.0% |
|  '82 - '86 | 1,645 | 17.0% |
|  '87 - '91 | 569 | 20.0% |
|  '92 - '96 | 1,303 | 8.0% |
|  '96 - '02 | 6,778** | 5.4% |
|  '03 - '06 | 3,538 | 7.9% |

## Comparison of CWP Rate (%) by District, for Working Underground Coal MinersCY1996 - 2002 vs 1/1/03 - 11/17/06  

| Underground Coal Miners |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| %  CWP (Total) |  |  |
| District | CY1996 - 2002 | 1/1/03 – 11/17/06* |
| 1 | 10.6% | 7.7%  |
| 2 | 1.6% | 1.9% |
| 3 | 4.7% | 2.7% |
| 4 | 8.0% | 19.3% |
| 5 | 8.6% | 10.0% |
| 6 | 6.5% | 11.1% |
| 7 | 4.4% | 10.3% |
| 8 | 1.0% | 0.5% |
| 9 | 1.0% | 1.3% |
| 10 | 0.9% | 1.8% |
| 11 | 0.8% | 1.1% |
| Nation    
 | 3.3%
664 / 20,547 | 3.0%
314/10,316 |

- *Includes all x-ray results submitted to NIOSH for coal miners working at identified underground coal mines thru 6/30/07 and miner x-ray van results thru 11/17/06 in Districts 5, 6 and 7.

- 1

- 2

- 3

- 4

- 5

- 6

- 7

- 11

- 8

- 10

- 9

## Number of Deaths due to CWP*(1968 – 2004)

- * Obtained from NIOSH, as reported by the National Center for Health Statistics, CDC

**Number of Deaths**

## Working Part 90 Miners by State or Region, 6/28/07 

**Working Part 90 Miners by State or Region, ****6/28/07**

** ****65 Active Part 90 Miners Work at Underground Coal Mines **
**              **_**Work Location**_**	****                                  **_**Union Affiliation**_**     **
** ****Underground:43   Surface Areas: 22        19 UMWA, 46 Nonunion**

**4**

**9**

|  Dist |   State | #
P90s | % of
Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | E. PA | 1 | 2% |
|  | W. PA | 9 | 14% |
| 
 | N. WV
MD | 12
0 | 20%
0% |
|  | S. WV | 12 | 16% |
|  | VA  | 4 | 5% |
|  | NE. KY | 0 | 2% |
| 7 | SE. KY | 6 | 9% |
|  | IL
IN | 3
1 | 6%
2% |
|  | UT
CO | 3
9 | 5%
14% |
| 10 | W. KY | 2 | 3% |
| 11 | AL | 3 | 3% |
|  | Total | 65 | 100 |

**2**

**6**

**3**

**5**

**9**

**8**

**4**
# Presentation: 231602

## Program Coordinator: Ray Resendes, ITS JPO
Technical Manager: Jack Ference, NHTSA

September 21, 2004

- Technical Manager: *Jack Ference*, NHTSA
- September 21, 2004

**Integrated Vehicle-Based Safety Systems****Public Meeting & Workshop**

## Rear-end, run-off-road, and lane change crash countermeasure systems could prevent over 48% or 1,836,000 target crashes.

**Program Motivation**

- With ***integrated systems*** we expect to see:
- Increased safety benefits
- Better overall system performance
- Reduced system cost
- Improved driver and fleet acceptance
- Enhanced marketability.

## Target Crash Problems

## IVBSS Program Goal and Objectives

**Goal:  **To work with industry to accelerate introduction of integrated vehicle-based safety systems into the U.S. vehicle fleet.

**Objectives:**

- Establish Government-Industry partnership with involvement from a wide range of key stakeholders from light, commercial, and transit vehicle markets
- Facilitate introduction and commercialization of effective integrated systems in light, commercial, and transit vehicle markets
- Support the Government’s role in advancing safety product deployment

## Leveraging Prior Work

- Performance Specifications
- Objective Test Procedures
- Field Operational Tests
- Enabling and Enhancing Technologies
- Independent Evaluation

## Program is feasible – Industry supports it
Program will be conducted by consortium 
Common sensor set and DVI concepts
Level of system performance, R&D, size of field test(s) and other activities  determine total project cost - tradeoffs
Program will be carried out FY05-FY08

- Program will be conducted by consortium
- Common sensor set and DVI concepts
- Level of system performance, R&D, size of field test(s) and ***other activities***  determine total project cost - tradeoffs
- Program will be carried out FY05-FY08

**U.S. DOT’s “Going in” Assumptions**

## Program Timeline and Milestones

**Program Timeline and Milestones**

## Program Activities and Tasks

**Gov’t-initiated activity**

**Partner-led activity**

**Gov’t-Industry activity**
# Presentation: 020699

## Dynamic Late Merge Control ConceptForWork ZonesOnRural Freeways

## Slide 2

## Conventional Merge TCP

## Slide 4

## Slide 5

## Slide 6

## Slide 7

## Basic Approaches
Early Merge
Late Merge

**Early Merge**
**Late Merge**

## Early Merge

**Static**
**Dynamic**

## Slide 10

## Slide 11

## Slide 12

## Slide 13

## Indiana Lane Merge

**Indiana Lane Merge**

## Slide 15

## Conventional Merge

- Conventional Merge

- Indiana Lane Merge

## Forced Merges

**Indiana:   0.4/hour**
**Conventional:   20/hour**

## Capacity

**Indiana:   1540 pcph**
**Conventional:   1460 pcph**

## Late Merge

## Slide 20

## Slide 21

## Conventional Merge

- Late Merge

## Conventional Merge

- Late Merge

## Slide 24

## Slide 25

## Slide 26

## Slide 27

## Conclusions

**Early & Late Merge Performed Better Than Conventional Merge**
**Lower Volumes:**
**	****	****Early Merge May Be Safer**
**Higher Volumes:**
**	****	****Late Merge May Be Safer**
**	****	****& More Efficient**

## Dynamic Late Merge

**Dynamic Late Merge**

## Slide 30

## Operational Issue

## Research Needed

**Volume Thresholds for Transition Between Early & Late Merge**
**Driver Information Needs**
**Warrants for Implementation**

## Slide 33
# Presentation: 901592

## Calculation of differential cross sections for double 

**Calculation of differential cross sections for double **
**photoionization using complex B-splines**

**Motivation**
- It is demonstrated that B-splines can be used to implement exterior complex scaling of electronic coordinates in a variety of applications. Exterior complex  scaling allows the correct application of outgoing boundary conditions for scattering problems with multiple electrons in the continuum [1]. Therefore this implementation allows the entire,  well-established technology of B-splines in atomic and molecular physics [2] to be applied to the problems of multiple photoionization and ionization by electron impact.

- C. William McCurdy**1**, Daniel A. Horner**1** and Fernando Martín**2**
*1**Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Computing Sciences, Berkeley, California 94720, and *
*Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.*
*2** Departamento de Química C-9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.*

**References**
- 1.  M. Baertschy, T. N. Rescigno and C. W. McCurdy, Phys. Rev. A **64** 022709 (2001).
- 2.  H. Bachau, E. Cormier, P. Decleva, J. E. Hansen and F. Martín, Rep. Prog. Phys. **64** 1815 (2001).
- 3.  Brauning et al. J. Phys. B **31** 5149 (1998).
- 4.  J. Colgan, M. S. Pindzola and F Robicheaux, J. Phys. B **34** L457 (2001).
- 5.  P. Selles, L. Malegat, and A. K. Kazansky, Phys. Rev. A **65** 032711 (2002).
** **

-       o

**Triply-differential cross sections**. **Unequal energy sharing.**** **********1 ****= 30****o****.**  Circles: experiment [3].
# Presentation: 530046

## California Spatial Reference Center

**California Spatial Reference Center**

**CORS Users Forum**
**Gregory A. Helmer**
**&**
**Yehuda Bock**

## CSRS Master Plan

_**The Network**_
-  50 Km CORS
-  7 Km Corridors
_**The System**_
-  4 Dimensional
-  Geodetic Models
-  Height Datum
-  Data Distribution
-  Education & Outreach

## CSRC Data Portalhttp://csrc.ucsd.edu

**CSRC Data Portal**http://csrc.ucsd.edu

- Site Information Manager

- Map Browser
- RINEX Data
- Coordinates
- NGS Database Access

## Horizontal Reference System

** **

**Secular Tectonic Velocity**
**48mm/Yr**

- _Velocity Models_
**HTDP**
**SCEC**
**SCOUT**

**1983, M6.4**

## Vertical Reference Frame

**Vertical Reference Frame**

**GPS Long Beach City College**

**Subsidence**
**Tidal Datum**
**High-Precision Geoid**

**Colocated Geoid Model Toulomne County**

## SCIGN Real-Time Upgrades

**Riverside County**

**San Bernardino**
** ****County**

**San Diego County**

**LA**
**County**

**Orange**
**County**

- Diamonds:
- Real-Time High-Rate Sites

**SCIGN Real-Time Upgrades**

- Orange County- Complete
- Riverside County- Ongoing
- San Diego County- Ongoing

## Real-Time Networks

**Real-Time Networks**

- OCRTN – Operational
- Riverside County
- San Diego County
- Bay Area

## SCIGN

- The purpose of the SCIGN upgrades is twofold: (1) to provide high data rates (1 Hz) for measuring strong ground motions to complement traditional seismic instruments in the event of medium to large earthquake and low data latencies (< 1 sec) for seismic response, risk mitigation, and rapid earthquake model determinations based on coseismic displacements; (2) to provide real-time access to high-rate data to surveyors, GIS professionals, structural engineers, transportation engineers and others requiring access to precise positioning and navigation information, under the umbrella of the California Spatial Reference Center (CSRC). The first  upgrade was the Orange County Real Time Network (OCRTN) - *now operational*.

**OCRTN**

## Ashtech Z-Xtreme receiver
Ashtech Geodetic-IV antenna
TDS Ranger data collector
Raven II CDPD modem (to be replaced with CDMA technology)
2-meter bi-pod 

- Ashtech Geodetic-IV antenna
- TDS Ranger data collector
- Raven II CDPD modem (to be replaced with CDMA technology)
- 2-meter bi-pod

**Typical OCRTN RTK Equipment**

## Spatial Referencing Applications

- Surveying & Mapping
- GIS Database
- Deformation Monitoring

## Real-Time Applications

- Machine Guidance
- Intelligent Vehicles
- Precision Navigation
- Emergency Warning Systems

##  NSF / UNAVCO, Inc.

-  NSF / UNAVCO, Inc.
-  12 Years 800 CORS
-  High-Speed Data
# Presentation: 170350

## Overview of Collaboration Technologies

- Gary M. Olson
- School of Information
- University of Michigan

## Collaboratory

**Digital**
**Libraries, E-Pub**

*access to*
*information*

*access to *
*facilities*

*people-to-people*

**Communication,**
**Groupware**
**Services**

**Distributed,**
**media-rich**
**information**
**technology**

**Interaction with**
**the Physical**
**World**

## Situations of Collaborative Work

- Same

- Different

- Same

- Different

***Physical Proximity***

- TIME

- PLACE

***Telephone, shared workspace tools,***
***Video conf.***

***Electronic mail, conferencing tools***

***Walk-in lab, physical BB, phy. library***

## Dimensions of work

- Synchronous vs. asynchronous
- Face-to-face (FTF) vs. remote
- Conversation vs. work object
- Mixtures of these
- Transitions among modes

## My focus: application packages

- Other issues
- Underlying infrastructure
- Middleware
- Here, what end users see and use

## Synchronous: conversation

- Face-to-face
- Meeting support
- Decision support systems
- Remote
- Chat, instant messaging, SMS
- Muds, MOOs, conversation environments
- Audio conference – telephone, VoIP
- Video conference – room, desktop, mixed

## Engelbart Example

## Slide 9

## Collaboration Technology Suite

## Slide 11

## Slide 12

## Slide 13

## Slide 14

## Slide 15

## Synchronous: work objects

- FTF
- Projection
- Electronic displays (e.g., LiveBoard, SmartBoard, eBeam)
- Remote
- Object camera, teleobservation
- Application sharing
- Presentation – Placeware, Centra
- Shared whiteboards – desktop, large display
- Shared editors
- Remote control panels

## Migration to a group meeting

## Slide 18

## Slide 19

## Slide 20

## Slide 21

## Slide 22

## Asynchronous: conversation

- E-mail
- Filters
- Multimedia attachments
- Conversational data bases
- Archiving
- Metadata

## Asynchronous: work objects

- Capture & replay of sessions
- File sharing
- Data bases
- eNotebooks
- Authoring environments

## Transitions, organization of work

- Group calendars
- Awareness systems
- Project management
- Workflow

## Slide 26

## Slide 27

## Encounter via a video wall

## Migration to a kiosk...

## ...or a booth

- ...or a booth

## Shared Information Resources

- Shared Electronic Bulletin Boards

- Shared Electronic Directories

## Shared Information Resources

## Other features

- Mobility
- PDAs
- Cell phones
- ????
- Suites of tools
- Where things are going

## Slide 34

## Design features that impact acceptance & use

- Security
- Authentication
- Privacy
- Reciprocity
- Ease of use
- Hardware/software platform independence
- Customization
- Usage habits, procedures, rules of the road