# Presentation: 534100

## TOXNETToxicology and Environmental Health Informationfrom the National Library of Medicine (NLM)and Other SitesApril 2008

*TOXNET*Toxicology and Environmental Health Informationfrom the National Library of Medicine (NLM)and Other SitesApril 2008

## Presented byNLM’s Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Programpart of the Division of Specialized Information ServicesContact:Toxicology and Environmental Health Information ProgramDivision of Specialized Information ServicesNational Library of MedicineSuite 510, MSC 54676707 Democracy Blvd.Bethesda, MD 20892-5467301-496-1131301-480-3537 (FAX)Web site:  http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Contact:  tehip@teh.nlm.nih.gov 

- Presented byNLM’s Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Programpart of the Division of Specialized Information ServicesContact:Toxicology and Environmental Health Information ProgramDivision of Specialized Information ServicesNational Library of MedicineSuite 510, MSC 54676707 Democracy Blvd.Bethesda, MD 20892-5467301-496-1131301-480-3537 (FAX)Web site:  _[http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/](http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/)_Contact:  _[tehip@teh.nlm.nih.gov](mailto:tehip@teh.nlm.nih.gov)_

## Class Schedule

- Part I 	Introduction ..............................................	9:00	-	9:15
- Part II 	ChemIDplus ..............................................	9:15	-	10:15
- 	Exercises (II)
- 	Break .....................................................	10:15	-	10:30
- Part III 	TOXNET Overview, HSDB & Related Files ......	10:30	-	12:00
- 	Exercises (III)
- 	Lunch ....................................................	12:00	-	1:00
- Part IV 	TOXLINE and Other Bibliographic Files ............	1:00	-	1:45
- 	 Exercises (IV)
- Part V 	TRI, Specialty Files, New Initiatives ..................	1:45	-	2:45
- 	Exercises (V)
- 	Break ......................................................	2:45	-	3:00
- Part VI	Non-NLM Resources ....................................	3:00	-	4:00
- 	Exercises (VI)

## OFFICIAL CLASS LIST TOXNET

## Part IIntroduction

- Part IIntroduction

## Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program (TEHIP)Background

- Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program (TEHIP)Background

- Poisons recognized throughout time.
- Socrates - hemlock. Cleopatra - asp.
- Lucretia Borgia
- Harvey W. Wiley’s Poison Squad – 1903
- The Jungle (1906) Upton Sinclair – lack of hygiene in the meat-packing industry
- Food and Drugs Act (1906) – prohibited adulterated or misbranded items
- Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (1938) – enhanced safety requirements for drugs
- Drug Amendments (1962) – effectiveness required for drugs
- Silent Spring (1962) Rachel Carson – sparked public awareness about hazards of synthetic chemicals
- President’s Science Advisory Committee (1966) – “Report on the Handling of Toxicological Information”
- TEHIP Created (1967)
- Situated within NLM’s Division of Specialized Information Services

## TEHIP Mission

- Provide selected core toxicology and environmental health information resources and services
- Facilitate access to national and international toxicology and environmental health information resources
- Strengthen the information infrastructure of toxicology and environmental health
- 				     So...TEHIP
- Builds and/or makes available free online Web-based databases
- Creates other Web-based resources
- Collaborates with government agencies and others
- Addresses a spectrum of user needs, from the personal to the professional
- Is active in public training and outreach

## TEHIP Databases

- TOXNET System of Databases (including ChemIDplus and Specialty Databases)
- DIRLINE (directory of organizations)
- 			            _Additional TEHIP Resources_
- Special Topic Guides – arsenic, biological & chemical warfare agents, etc.
- Publications (including Glossary of Terms Used in Toxicology)
- ALTBIB - Alternatives Bibliography
- Toxicology Tutor
- LactMed – Drugs and Lactation
- 			         _Other Relevant NLM Information_
- PubMed/MEDLINE
- MedlinePlus (consumer health, includes drug information)
- Clinical Trials
- NLM Gateway – Multi-File Searching – Planned to go across all NLM Files

## Specialized Information Services Home Pagehttp://sis.nlm.nih.gov

**Specialized Information Services Home Page**_[http://sis.nlm.nih.gov](http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/)_

## Environmental Health and Toxicology Home Pagehttp://tox.nlm.nih.gov 

**Environmental Health and Toxicology Home Page**_[http://tox.nlm.nih.gov](http://tox.nlm.nih.gov/)_** **

## DIRLINE Home Pagehttp://dirline.nlm.nih.gov 

**DIRLINE Home Page**_[http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov](http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/)_** **

## DIRLINE Search Results for Drinking Water

## MedlinePlus Health Topic:  Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health

**MedlinePlus Health Topic:  Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health**

- _[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html](http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/poisoningtoxicologyenvironmentalhealth.html)_

## ClinicalTrials.gov Conditions CategoryInjuries, Poisonings, and Occupational Conditions

**ClinicalTrials.gov Conditions Category****Injuries, Poisonings, and Occupational Conditions**

- _[http://clinicaltrials.gov](http://clinicaltrials.gov/)_

## NLM GatewaySearch Results for ASTHMA POLLUTION

**NLM Gateway****Search Results for ASTHMA POLLUTION**

- _[http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd](http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd)_

## Blank Slide

## Part IIChemIDplus

- Part IIChemIDplus

## ChemIDplusExplanation of ChemIDplus and two bullets listing the URLs for ChemIDplus and Chemidplus Advanced

- ChemIDplusExplanation of ChemIDplus and two bullets listing the URLs for ChemIDplus and Chemidplus Advanced

- The ChemIDplus file is a database with two different applications:
- ChemIDplus Lite at:
-    	 _[http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp](http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp)_
- ChemIDplus Advanced at:
- 	_[http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/](http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/)_

## ChemIDplusFive bullet items describing features of ChemIDplus

- ChemIDplusFive bullet items describing features of ChemIDplus

- Chemical Identification File
- Chemical Dictionary/Directory File for chemicals cited in MEDLARS Files & outside resources
- Contains over 380,000 chemical records
- Structural Data for over 290,000 records
- Search options include ChemIDplus Lite (Basic search) and ChemIDplus Advanced

## ChemIDplus Lite (Basic Search)Description

- ChemIDplus Lite (Basic Search)Description

- Lite search yields:
- Basic information buttons in the left column which can be used to access specific info such as names/synonyms, formula, classification codes, or the Full Record containing all basic information
- Links to various source “locators” with additional information on the chemical.       button gives a description of the source.
- Navigation buttons on the right can be used to return to the Main Query Page in TOXNET or proceed to an Advanced ChemIDplus Search

- Note:	The ChemIDplus Lite search input box accepts only chemical names (including all synonyms) or registry numbers. A partial name can be used with an asterisk(*) as a “starts with” feature. Example: EDTA*

## ChemIDplus Lite (Basic Search) Result Using ARSENIC for example

- Lists other names used

- Link to PubMed articles

- Begin a new search
- in Lite or TOXNET

## Types of Locators in ChemIDplus

- File locators link to NLM associated databases

- Internet locators link to web resources
-  with additional biomedical information

- Superlist locators link to regulatory
-  and governmental lists and websites

## ChemIDplus Advanced

- Advanced search input:
- Multiple search boxes such as: substance ID, toxicity, physical properties, structure, and more.
- Search boxes can be utilized simultaneously or one at a time. Some boxes have qualifiers (i.e. starts with, contains, between, greater than, etc.)
- Structure drawing and searching features
- History button saves last 10 search inputs
- Allows user to select number of results displayed per page

## ChemIDplus Advanced

**Insert name, registry #,**
**Classification code, & more**

**Qualify a toxicity search**

**Select a physical**
**property**

**Qualify a property**
**search**

**Click inside box to**
**draw structure**

**Select the type**
**of structure search**

## ChemIDplus Advanced Search Result

**Same basic information**
**as Lite result**

- Click to enlarge and
- manipulate structure

- Advanced search
- navigation features

**Same locators**
**as Lite result**

## ChemIDplus Glossary

- Names and Synonyms
_**Name of Substance**_: Usually the most commonly used name, includes MeSH heading and USAN name
_**MeSH Heading**_: NLM Medical Subject Heading
_**Systematic Name**_: Describes molecular structure
_**Synonyms**_: All other names found for the substance
_**Mixture Name**_: Name of multi-component  substance, one of which is the retrieved substance
_**SUPERLIST Name**_: The name used by  regulatory/guidance lists

## ChemIDplus Glossary

_**Formulas**_: The molecular formula in a hyphenated format.
_**Classification Codes**_: Describe the general category assigned by a given source to a chemical based on toxicity, use and application, pharmacologic and/or therapeutic category, and status on certain chemical lists.
_**Notes**_: A textual description of a compound’s use and utility, often from MeSH controlled vocabulary.
_**Locators**_: The names of NLM databases, and other major resources that have information about a given compound, usually hyperlinked.

## ChemIDplus Glossary

_**CAS Registry Number**_:  Unique number of up to 10 digits assigned by Chemical Abstracts Service used to index chemicals. ChemIDplus uses the hyphenated format
_**ID**_: The ID number is the CAS Registry Number in a non-hyphenated fixed length format or a unique number for entries that have no CAS Registry or NLM assigned numbers
_**Molecular Structure**_: Display of structure (if present) via Chime or Marvin
_**Registry Numbers**_: All CAS Registry Numbers known to be assigned over time to a specific compound

## ChemIDplus Glossary

_**Toxicity**_ Values that indicate whether the dose caused death (LD) or other toxic non-lethal effect (TD) or whether it was administered as a lethal concentration (LC) or toxic concentration in the inhaled air (TC)
_**Physical Properties**_ Values for melting point, boiling point, water solubility, octanol/water partition coefficient, vapor pressure, acid dissociation constant, Henry’s law, and OH radical reaction rate constant
_**Molecular Weight**_ The mass of a molecule
- Note:  Click on the Advanced Help button for detailed definitions and
-            explanations of search features.

## Slide 30

## ChemIDplus Exercises

- Using ChemIDplus Lite:  _[http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp](http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp)_
- Check the file locator to see what NLM databases contain information on phenytoin.  Search DART without leaving ChemIDplus.Type Phenytoin in search box, click Search.  Click DART/ETIC in the middle blue box under File Locator, view record in slave window.
- Locate the record for styrene and link to the Internet Locator ATSDR TOXFAQS.  Next link to the NIOSH Pocket Guide.  Is styrene on the EPA Clean Air Act (CAA1)?  Activate the Classification Code button and find the IARC classification on carcinogenecity, click on the “i” to see the source.Type styrene in the search box, click Search.  Scroll down the middle blue box and under Internet Locators click the link  to ATSDR TOXFAQs.  Close the slave window and click NIOSH Pocket Guide also under Internet Locators. Next, scroll down and under Superlist Locator click the link to the CAA1 listing for styrene.  Under Basic Information on the left, click the button for Classification Code.  Under Superlist Classification Code, click the "i" for Overall Carcinogenic Evaluation..... to view this data source in the slave window.
- Using ChemIDplus Advanced:  _[http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/](http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/)_
- Find the “valium” record in ChemIDplus and use its structure to do substructure and similarity searches respectively.  How many structures are in each category?Type valium in the substance identification input box,  click Search. Now click the Transfer Structure button in the right column. In the Structure input box, be sure the default substructure search is selected. Click search. View the result count. Now click the modify query button. In the Structure input box, select similarity search and choose 90 in the percentage pull-down box (the default is 80%).  Click search.  View the result count. This result give structures that are 90% similar or greater. If no results are retrieved, then a lower percentage must be used.
- Identify all the HSDB records that are ozone depletors (CAA2).In the Locator Code input box select HSDB from the first pull-down list.  Type HSDB in the search box. Be sure the default “and” is selected in the second pull-down list. In the third pull-down list choose CAA2.  Click Search.
- Identify all compounds that have an orally administered LD50 less than 50mg/kg (less than 50mg/kg is considered extremely toxic by EPA guidelines-See Help Section under Toxicity).
- 	In the Toxicity input box next to Test, select LD50 and less than from the pull-down boxes. Then, type 50 in the empty input box below Test. Next to Route, select oral from the pull-down box. Click search.
- 4.	Find the logP value for the chemical DDT in the Physical Properties table. Use the Help Section to verify that this substance is stored in the fatty tissues of animals based on the logP value in the table.
- 	Type DDT in the substance identification input box and click search. Click on the Physical Properties button under Basic Information. Note the logP value in the table in the slave window. Close the window. Click the Start New Query button to return to the main query page. Click the Help button. Click on the link to Chemical Properties. Scroll down and read the example given for logP values.

## Slide 32

## Part IIITOXNET Overview, HSDB, & Related Files

- Part IIITOXNET Overview, HSDB, & Related Files

## What is TOXNET?

- A free web-based system of databases on toxicology, environmental health, hazardous chemicals, toxic releases, chemical nomenclature, and specialty areas such as occupational health and consumer products
- A product of NLM’s Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program
- Chemical Nomenclature - ChemIDplus
- Toxicology _Data_ (one record per chemical)– HSDB, IRIS, CCRIS, GENE-TOX, ITER, LactMED (can also search any combination of these files with “Multi-Databases” interface)
- Toxicology _Literature_ (bibliographic references) – TOXLINE, DART
- Toxic _Releases_ (of chemicals to the environment) – TRI
- Specialty Databases – HazMap, Household Products
- User Support – _[tehip@teh.nlm.nih.gov](mailto:tehip@tehe.nlm.nih.gov)_ or click on “Contact TOXNET”
- _Where is TOXNET?_
- toxnet.nlm.nih.gov

## Toxicology Data Files - Content

- Toxicology _Data_ Files - Content

**Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)** – from NLM
- About 5000 Chemical Records
- Human Health Effects	   Chemical/Physical Properties
- Emergency Medical Treatment	   Chemical Safety & Handling
- Animal Toxicity Studies	   Occupational Exposure Standards
- Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics	   Manufacturing and Use
- Pharmacology	   Laboratory Methods
- Environmental Fate/Exposure	   Special References
- Environmental Standards & Regulations	   Synonyms and Identifiers

## More about HSDB

- Factual Data Bank/Online Handbook
- Peer-Reviewed – Scientific Review Panel
- Review Status Tags – Peer Reviewed, QC Reviewed, Unreviewed
- Fully Referenced
- Data – Excerpted from books, government documents, technical reports, selected primary literature, databases.  Some data compiled expressly for HSDB.
- Recent Radiation Data Enhancements to HSDB – Radionuclides and a separate record for Ionizing Radiation Added

## Toxicology Data Files - Content

- Toxicology _Data_ Files - Content

**Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System (CCRIS)** –
- from the National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- About 9000 Chemical Records
- Carcinogenicity Studies	Tumor Promotion Studies
- Tumor Inhibition Studies	Mutagenicity Studies
- e.g. Carcinogenicity Studies Data Structure – species, route, tumor site/type of lesion, results, reference

## Toxicology Data Files - Content

- Toxicology _Data_ Files - Content

**GENE-TOX**
- from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- 3214 Chemical Records
- Note: GENE-TOX not updated since January 2000
- Mutagenicity Studies
- Data Structure – assay type, assay code, results, panel report, reference

## Toxicology Data Files - Content

- Toxicology _Data_ Files - Content

**Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)**
- from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- About 550 Chemical Records
- Noncarcinogenic Assess. – Oral (RfD)	Carcinogenic Assess. – Oral
- Noncarcinogenic Assess. – Inhal. (RfC)	Carcinogenic Assess. – Inhal.
- Contains EPA consensus scientific positions and quantitative values on cancer and non-cancer health effects that may result from lifetime oral or inhalation exposure to specific chemical substances in the environment
- Risk Assessment – Identification and quantification of risk.  Function of toxicity and exposure
- Risk Assessment Process (National Academy of Sciences, 1983) – 1. Hazard identification, 2. Dose-Response assessment [IRIS], 3. Exposure assessment, 4. Risk Characterization

## Toxicology Data Files - Content

- Toxicology _Data_ Files - Content

**International Toxicity Estimates for Risk Assessment (ITER)**
- from Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA)
- A Non-profit Corporation
- About 650 Chemical Records
- Tabular and Comparative Risk Data for Cancer Oral, Non-Cancer Oral, Cancer Inhalation, Non-Cancer Inhalation Effects from:
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. (ATSDR)
- Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. (EPA)
- Health Canada
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
- NSF International (National Sanitation Foundation)
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Dutch (RIVM)
- Independently-derived Values
- Includes synopses, links to organization source documents

## Toxicology Data Files – Content

- Toxicology _Data_ Files – Content

- Drugs and Lactation (LactMed)
- Over 500 records
- Summary of Use During Lactation
- Drug Levels *[Maternal and Infant (Serum or Urine)]*
- Effects in Infants
- Possible Effects on Lactation
- AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) Category
- Alternate Drugs
- References *[Hyperlinked to PubMed Record if available]*
- Substance Name
- CAS Registry Number
- Drug Class

## http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov

- _[http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov](http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/)_

*New*

## Chemical names, ID numbers, or other 

- Chemical names, ID numbers, or other
- attributes can be searched, singly or in
- combination.

## Record counts may vary somewhat

- when databases are searched individually.

- To search all or a combination of HSDB, CCRIS, GENETOX, IRIS, ITER, LactMed

## Note other chemical records in which

- name acrylamide is mentioned.

- More relevant records display
-  nearer the top of the list.

## Human Health Effects is default display only for HSDB.

- Search term(s) highlighted in red.

- Click here to view environmental
- fate information.

## To view system

- search strategy

## “Details” for

- acrylamide search

## LIMITS Search

## Hot-Linked Document

- Most relevant first.

- Return to a clear search screen

- Return to search screen with
- search terms intact

## Click to see acrylamide

-  records in other databases.

- Select ITER

## Slide 52

## Slide 53

## Slide 54

## LactMed Database

**LactMed Database**

- _[http://lactmed.nlm.nih.gov](http://lactmed.nlm.nih.gov/)_

## Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB)

## Click this link to see CPDB Records

## Click this link for the record

## Record annotated for display only.

## Record annotated for display only.

## Record annotated for display only.

## Boolean Searching, Field Qualification, Other Search Features

- Upper Case Boolean Operators (AND, OR, NOT)
- Fields in brackets and post-qualified (e.g. benzene [na])
- Nested parentheses permitted
- Phrase searching with quotation marks (e.g. “coronary artery bypass”)
- Asterisk (*) for truncation (e.g. carcinogen*)

## LinkOut from PubMed to HSDB

## Slide 64

## TOXNET Exercises 

_**TOXNET Exercises**__** **_

- What is the CAS registry number and octanol/water partition coefficient of 2,6-dinitrotoluene and what is this chemical used for? [HSDB]In HSDB, search for **2,6-dinitrotoluene** and click on the 2,6-dinitrotoluene record on the Search Results Page.  In the Table of Contents, expand **Chemical/Physical Properties** and click on **Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient**.  Expand **Manufacturing/Use Information** and click on **Major Uses**.
- Has 2,6-dinitrotoluene been shown to be mutagenic in the Ames salmonella test?  [HSDB]**MODIFY** above search to **2,6-dinitrotoluene ames, **and click on** 2,6-dinitrotoluene **record.Note: You may also wish to check other files, such as GENE-TOX and CCRIS.
- What is the oral LD50 of caffeine in male rabbits? Also, click on **DETAILS** to view the search strategy.  [HSDB]Search for **oral ld50 caffeine male rabbits** and click on **caffeine** record.Note:  On target hit displays first.
- Has caffeine been studied as a tumor promoter? Does it cause mutations?  [CCRIS, GENE-TOX]From HSDB caffeine record (above), click on **Other Files**. Select CCRIS.  Expand Studies data in Table of Contents and check the boxes for **Tumor Promotion Studies **and** Mutagenicity Studies.**  Return to HSDB.  Click on **Other Files** again and select GENE-TOX.  **Select Mutagenicity Studies**.
- Which of the toxicology data files contain information on ammonia? What is the Inhalation Reference Concentration (RfC) of ammonia? (Note: the RfC is a non-carcinogenic risk assessment parameter) Also, view the DOWNLOAD options available. [Multi-Data Base and IRIS]Select the **Multi-Database** option on the TOXNET main page.  Search for **ammonia**.  Click on the IRIS ammonia record.  Expand **Chronic Health Hazard Assessment for Noncarcinogenic Effects** in Table of Contents.  Click on **Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)**.  Also that the ITER database additionally contains non-carcinogenic risk information from ATSDR

- [Note: There is typically more than one “right” approach to answering each of the following questions.  Answers, where they are provided, are merely representative, not definitive.  Explore.] _***TOXICOLOGY DATA FILES***_

## TOXNET Exercises (continued)

_**TOXNET Exercises**_** ****(continued)**

- What are some chemicals used in leather tanning and what are their human health effects? [HSDB]Use the **limits** option of HSDB.  Search for **leather tanning** in HSDB.  Expand **Manufacturing/Use Information **and check the box for **Major Uses**.  Click on several retrieved chemical records to view their “best sections” and click on **Human Health Effects** for these records in the Table of Contents.
- Does nitrobenzene have any effect on sperm?  Find some recent general articles on nitrobenzene.  [HSDB, TOXLINE]Search for **nitrobenzene sperm** in HSDB.  Click on nitrobenzene record and view **Best Sections.  **Click on** Other Files and **click on** TOXLINE.**** **
- How does the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency characterize the carcinogenicity of methylmercury? [IRIS]Search for **methylmercury** in IRIS and select the methylmercury record on the Search Results page.  Expand category **II. Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure**. Click on **II.A. Evidence for Human Carcinogenicity**.
- Find any information on the occurrence or effects of methyl parathion in soil.  Search using the chemical’s CAS Registry Number – 298-00-0. [HSDB]Search HSDB for **298-00-0 soil** in the query box and scan the **Best Sections** of the methyl parathion record.
- How do the Dutch RIVM (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) and the U.S. EPA compare in their non-cancer oral risk values for chloroform? [ITER]
- 	Search for **chloroform**.  View **Risk Data: Non-Cancer Oral Table**.
- Use Boolean operators and phrase searching to look for information on lung cancer or bladder cancer in workers, in HSDB.Enter – **(“lung cancer” [htox] OR “bladder cancer” [htox]) AND worker**
- To what extent is the anticonvulsant carbamazepine found in the serum of breastfed infants whose mothers take the drug?
**	**Search for** carbamazepine **and review Drug Levels/Infant Levels.

- Part IV
- TOXLINE and Other Bibliographic Files

## Slide 68

## TOXLINETOXicology Literature onLine

- TOXLINETOXicology Literature onLine

- Covers pharmacological, biochemical, physiological, environmental, and toxicological effects of chemicals/other agents on living systems
- Citations, Abstracts, Keywords and/or MeSH (Medical Subject Headings)
- CAS Registry Numbers
- From 1965 (and earlier) to date
- Drawn from Secondary Sources, varying unit record formats
- Over 3 1⁄2  million toxicology related records
- Recent consolidation of TOXLINE Core and TOXLINE Special

## TOXLINE Components

- PubMed/MEDLINE – Major Component of TOXLINE and containing standard biomedical/toxicology literature
- Some features of PubMed:
- MeSH Searching
- Limit by field, publication type, age, gender, language, human or animal, etc.
- MyNCBI – to store and update search strategies
- Related articles
- LinkOut + Links to Books
- Interlibrary Loan (Loansome Doc)

## TOXLINE Components (Continued)

- Technical Reports and Research Projects
- Federal Research in Progress (FEDRIP)
- Toxicology Document and Data Depository (NTIS)
- Toxicology Research Projects (CRISP)
- Toxic Substances Control Act Test Submissions (TSCATS)
- Special Journal and Other Research Literature
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology (DART)
- International Labour Office (CIS)
- Swedish National Chemicals Inspectorate (RISKLINE)
- Meeting Abstracts (MTGABS)

## TOXLINE Components (continued)

- Archival Collections (No Longer Being Updated)
- Aneuploidy (ANEUPL)
- Environmental Mutagen Information Center file (EMIC)
- Environmental Teratology Information Center file (ETIC)
- Epidemiology Information System (EPIDEM)
- Hazardous Materials Technical Center (HMTC)
- Health Aspects of Pesticides Abstract Bulletin (HAPAB)
- International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA)
- NIOSHTIC (NIOSH)
- Pesticides Abstracts (PESTAB)
- Poisonous Plants Bibliography (PPIB)
- Toxicological Aspects of Environmental Health (BIOSIS)

## More About TOXLINE

- Relevancy Ranking
- Links to PubMed Citations
- Automatic Mapping to MeSH terms – e.g. passive smoking --- tobacco smoke pollution
- Related Articles
*	*

## Another Toxicology Literature File

- Another Toxicology _Literature_ File

- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology (DART)
- Over 100,000 Records
- Covers Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology (including Teratology) literature since 1965
- Funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Center for Toxicological Research (of the FDA), and NLM

## Enter chemical names, CAS Registry

- Numbers, other terms, etc.

## SEARCH RESULTS PAGE

_**SEARCH RESULTS PAGE**_

## Search terms

- highlighted in red

- Hotlinked
- terms in blue

- PubMed File

- To view
- related records

_**SELECTED RECORD PAGE**_

## HISTORY

_**HISTORY**_

- To combine search statements
- or enter a new search.

- _A way to review your search strategies_.

## Full Search:

- Nickel AND (worker* OR
- industr* OR occupation*)

- Can select range of years

_**“**__**LIMITS” Search**_

## Slide 80

## Slide 81

## Slide 82

## Slide 83

## Slide 84

## TOXNET Exercises

_**TOXNET Exercises**_

- Search TOXLINE for articles by C.N. Pope.  Sort retrieval by primary author names.  [TOXLINE]Search for “pope cn” in query box.  On “Search Results” page, click on “SORT” button and sort by author.
- Search TOXLINE for phosphoric acid.  Explore navigating through your retrieval, examining individual records, and going to linked records. [TOXLINE]Search for **phosphoric acid** in query box.  Click on **Details** button  to view the search strategy.  Navigate the retrieval pages.  Click on records of interest and on hot-linked data – e.g. keywords/MeSH headings, author names, CAS registry numbers.  Check for related records.
- Find articles focused on the effects of diet on breast cancer. [TOXLINE]Try a **Limits** search.  Enter **diet breast cancer** in the query box.  Limit to **Titles. **
- Find journal references on the treatment of arthritis by the anti-inflammatory agent Celebrex. [TOXLINE]Search for **arthritis celebrex** in the query box.
- Use the EMIC subfile to determine whether peppermint been tested for mutagenicity.  Check for English language articles. [TOXLINE]Conduct a Limits search.  Select EMIC as a TOXLINE Component and English as a language from the drop down menus.  Enter **peppermint** in the query box.
- Find information on the effects of alcohol on the fetus. [DART]Select DART from the TOXNET menu.  Search for **alcohol fetus** in the query box.

_***TOXICOLOGY LITERATURE FILES***_

## TOXNET Exercises (continued)

_**TOXNET Exercises**_** ****(continued)**

- Search the toxicology subset of  PubMed to find articles on toxicological aspects of jellyfish.  Search for articles published from 2000-2003 in English.  [PubMed toxicology limits].Go to PubMed at _[http://pubmed.gov](http://pubmed.gov/)_.  Click on **Limits**.  Enter **jellyfish** in the search query box.  Limit the search to the toxicology subfile, the publication dates to 2000-2003 and the language to English.
- Find information on renal failure associated with amanita mushroom poisoning.  Look for English language articles published from 1995 to 2004. [TOXLINE]Conduct a Limits search.  Enter **amanita renal failure** in the query box.  Restrict publication years to 1995-2003.  Select English from the dropdown menu.
- Use the HISTORY feature to look for hospital or medical waste incineration in TOXLINE. [TOXLINE]First search for **“hospital waste” incinerat***.  (Using quotes looks for the terms together as a phrase.  The asterisk is for truncation and searches for words such as incinerate, incineration, etc.)  Then search for **“medical waste” incinerat***.  Press the HISTORY button and combine your two searches according to the instructions, and using an “OR” operator.

## Part VTRI, Specialty Files, New Initiatives

- Part VTRI, Specialty Files, New Initiatives

## Slide 88

## Toxics Release Inventory (TRI)U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

- Toxics Release Inventory (TRI)U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

- TRI 87-06 (20 years) – About 1,738,086 Records
- Facility Identification (Facility Name, Address, Phone, etc.)
- Substance Identification (Chemical Name, CAS RN, Uses, etc.)
- Environmental Release of Chemical (in Air, Water, Land, Underground Injection)
- Waste Treatment
- Off-Site Waste Treatment
- Source Reduction and Recycling (Quantity Released, Energy Recovery, Quantity Recycled, Quantity Treated)

## TRI Background

- Right-to-Know Movement – Workplace, Community
- OSHA Hazard Communication Standard – 1983
- SUPERFUND = CERCLA (1980)
- Bhopal (1984) and smaller scale chemical disasters
- SARA (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act) (1986)
- Title 3 = Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
- Section 313 = Toxic Release Reporting
- Pollution Prevention Act of 1990

## Select all years or

- any combination.

- Ranging by total
- release amount.  Can also
- range on air, water, land,
- underground injection or click
- on “No Release Selected.”

- Can range from 0 and
- in power of 10 amounts
- to 100,000,000 lbs.

- Geographic search included

## To view summary environmental

- and off-site waste transfer release
- totals.

## Including TOXLINE

- and ChemIDplus.

- Mapping capability.

## Slide 94

## Slide 95

## Slide 96

## Slide 97

## Slide 98

## http://toxmap.nlm.nih.gov

- _[http://toxmap.nlm.nih.gov](http://toxmap.nlm.nih.gov/)_

## Slide 100

## Slide 101

## http://hazmap.nlm.nih.gov

- _[http://hazmap.nlm.nih.gov](http://hazmap.nlm.nih.gov/)_

## Slide 103

## Highlight terms

- in text and click

## http://hpd.nlm.nih.gov

- _[http://hpd.nlm.nih.gov](http://hpd.nlm.nih.gov/)_

## Slide 106

##     Highlight terms in text

-     Highlight terms in text
-     and click

## http://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov

- _[http://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov](http://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/)_

## Slide 109

## REMM - Radiation Event Medical Management

- _[http://remm.nlm.gov](http://remm.nlm.gov/)_

## http://dietarysupplements.nlm.nih.gov/dietary/

- _[http://dietarysupplements.nlm.nih.gov/dietary/](http://dietarysupplements.nlm.nih.gov/dietary/)_

## Slide 112

## http://toxseek.nlm.nih.gov

- _[http://toxseek.nlm.nih.gov](http://toxseek.nlm.nih.gov/)_

## Slide 114

## More to Come

- Updating and Expansion of HSDB’s Med Surveillance
- World Library of Toxicology, Chemical Safety, and Environmental Health
- Revision of Tox-Tutor in partnership with U.S. SOT
- TOXREF – Therapeutic/Normal, Toxic, Lethal Levels of chemicals in biological samples
- Environmental Health Nomenclature Collaboration
- Environmental Information Coalition/Earth Portal

## Drug Information Portal

## ToxLearn

## World Library of Toxicology

## Slide 119

## Slide 120

## Part VINon-NLM Resources

- Part VINon-NLM Resources

## Slide 122

## Professional Associations

- Society of Toxicology – _[http://www.toxicology.org/](http://www.toxicology.org/)_
- Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry – _[http://www.setac.org](http://www.setac.org/)_
- American Academy of Clinical Toxicology – _[http://www.clintox.org](http://www.clintox.org/)_
- American Association of Poison Control Centers – _[http://www.aapcc.org](http://www.aapcc.org/)_
- Society of Risk Analysis – _[http://www.sra.org](http://www.sra.org/)_
- Other groups in environmental health, occupational health, industrial hygiene, health physics etc.

## U.S. Government Resources

- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) – _[http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov](http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/)_
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – _[http://www.epa.gov](http://www.epa.gov/)_
- Food and Drug Administration – _[http://www.fda.gov](http://www.fda.gov/)_
- National Center for Toxicological Research – _[http://www.fda.gov/nctr](http://www.fda.gov/nctr)_
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – _[http://www.cdc.gov/niosh](http://www.cdc.gov/niosh)_

## U.S. Government Resources (continued)

- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences – _[http://www.niehs.nih.gov](http://www.niehs.nih.gov/)_
- National Toxicology Program – _[http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov](http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov/)_
- U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board – _[http://www.csb.gov](http://www.csb.gov/)_
- Some State Government Sites
- New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services – Division of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health – _[http://www.state.nj.us/health/eoh](http://www.state.nj.us/health/eoh)_
- California – Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment – _[http://www.oehha.ca.gov](http://www.oehha.ca.gov/)_

## Some Chemical Databases

- Chemfinder – _[http://www.chemfinder.com](http://www.chemfinder.com/)_
- Scorecard (from Environmental Defense) – _[http://www.scorecard.org](http://www.scorecard.org/)_
- Environmental Fate Databases & more (from Syracuse Research Corporation) –_[http://www.syrres.com/eSc/e](http://www.syrres.com/eSc/e)__fdb.htm_
- EXTOXNET (pesticide information) – http://ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet

## Some Chemical Databases (continued)

- PAN (Pesticide Action Network) Pesticides Database – http://www.pesticideinfo.org
- Where to Find Material Safety Data Sheets on the Internet – http://www.ilpi.com/msds
- RxList, the Internet Drug Index – http://www.rxlist.com
- International Programme for Chemical Safety (IPCS) INCHEM – http://www.inchem.org/
- Also Consider:
- Scirus - Elsevier Science - http://www.scirus.com/

## Other Web Sites

- UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) Chemicals – http://www.chem.unep.ch
- Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety - http://www.who.int/ifcs/
- Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals - http://www.who.int/iomc/
- National Council for Science and the Environment – http://www.ncseonline.org
- Society of Environmental Journalists – http://www.sej.org
- TEHIP/NLM Web Links – http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro/toxweblinks.html

## Some Commercial ($) Databases

- BIOSIS (Thomson Scientific) – http://www.biosis.org
- Chemical Abstracts & CAS Registry – Chemical Abstracts Service – http://www.cas.org (also http://stnweb.cas.org)
- CCINFOweb (some resources including IPCS/INCHEM are free) – CCOHS – http://www.ccohs.ca
- CIS Database (on occupational health) (from the International Labour Office) (free as a TOXLINE subfile) – http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/cisdoc.htm

## Some Commercial ($) Databases (continued)

- EMBASE – Elsevier – http://www.embase.com
- Environment Abstracts – CIS - http://www.lexisnexis.com
- MICROMEDEX Databases – MICROMEDEX – http://www.micromedex.com
- Science Direct - Elsevier - http://www.sciencedirect.com/
- STN (from ACS/CAS) - http://www.cas.org/stn.html
- Toxicology Abstracts – Cambridge Scientific Abstracts – http://www.csa.com
- Web of Science – Thomson Scientific – http://www.isinet.com/

## Some Web Search Engines and Tools

- AltaVista – http://www.altavista.com
- Google – http://www.google.com
- Hotbot – http://www.hotbot.com
- Yahoo – http://www.yahoo.com
- Meta Search Engines
- Metacrawler – http://www.go2net.com
- Dogpile – http://www.dogpile.com
- Ask.com– http://www.ask.com
- Searchenginewatch – http://www.searchenginewatch.com
- Mailing List Directories – CATALIST - http://www.lsoft.com/lists/listref.html
- And Remember ToxSeek

## Slide 132

## TOXNET Exercises

_**TOXNET Exercises**_

- How much ammonia was released to the air and water in Milwaukee in 1999?In TRI99, search for **ammonia** in the “chemical name” query box and for **Milwaukee/WI** in the “facility location (city/state)” query box.  Click on “Search.” Click the top, left button “Calculate Release.”
- How much of the above releases came from Lesaffre Yeast Corporation and in what body of water did this facility discharge ammonia?After above search, use the browser’s “back” button to return to the “TRI Search Results” screen.  Click on the Lesaffre Yeast Corporation record.  Click on “Environmental Release of Chemical” in the Table of Contents.  Scroll down to “Water Discharge Estimates.”
- What chemicals have been released to the air, in amounts greater than 100,000 pounds, over Old Hickory, Tennessee in 1995 and 1996?  By what companies?Search for **Old Hickory Tennessee **in the “facility location (city/state)” query box.  Select **greater than 100,000 pounds** for “total air release.” Results page will display chemicals and companies.
- Did Agilent Techs’ Newark, California facility transfer any 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene off-site for treatment in 1996?  How much?  Where to?In TRI96, search for **1,2,4-trichlorobenzene** in the “chemical” query box, **agilent techs** in the “facility name” query box, and **newark california** in the “facility location (city/state)” query box.  Click “Search.” Click on “Off-Site Waste Transfer” in the Table of Contents.
- What chemicals have been reported released in amounts over 1,000,000 pounds via underground injection in Texas in 1999, and what is the total sum of these releases.In TRI99, search for Texas as a state under Facility Location, and greater than 1,000,000 pounds as a range.  Sorting the results will provide a clear display of the chemicals.  Click on the Calculate Release button to view the sum total of the underground injection releases.
- How many individual TRI98 reports have been filed on barium compounds?  Display the U.S. geographical distribution of reported releases.
- 	In TRI98, search **barium compounds** in the chemical query box.  Note the number of records retrieved listed at the top of the Search Results page.  Click on “Map it with TOXMAP” to view a map of releases.

_*TOXIC CHEMICAL RELEASES*_

## TOXNET Exercises (continued)

_**TOXNET Exercises**_** ****(continued)**

- What are some high risk tasks associated with the job of carpet installation?Click on **High Risk Jobs/Alphabetically**.  Choose the letter “C” and click on **Carpet Installers**.
- What are some hazards associated with the use of cobalt in the workplace?Enter **Cobalt** in query box and click on “agent.” Click on **Cobalt**.  Click on **Cobalt** again to view potential hazards. For Extra Credit –highlight a term or phrase (e.g. “cobalt chloride skin allergy” and search **TOXLINE**.
- What are some hazards of leather tanning?Perform a “text search” for **leather tanning** in the search query box.  Click on first  **leather and hide tanning and finishing** as an Industry and then go back and click on **tanning leather** as a Process.
- What is in Windex and are there any health dangers associated with it?
- 	Enter **Windex** in query box.  Click on your choice of Windex cleaner.  View ingredient and health effects information.
- Compare the toxicities of various pesticides used to treat ants.
- 	Click on the “Products” tab.  Click on **Pesticides**, then on **Insecticides** as a Category and **Ant **as a type.  View the data on the various products.
- What stick deodorants include the antibacterial ingredient triclosan?
- 	Click on Ingredients.  Enter **triclosan** in query box.  Click on triclosan.  Scan list of products.

_***HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS DATABASE***_

_***HAZ-MAP***_

## TOXNET Exercises (continued)

_**TOXNET Exercises**_** ****(continued)**

- Explore EPA’s voluminous Web site, particularly the **Databases and Software** section located by clicking on their home page’s **Information Sources**.  Locate IRIS, ECOTOX, the Toxics Release Inventory, and the Safe Drinking Water Information System.  Use the Advanced Search box to find documents with **mercury** in the title. [**www.epa.gov**]
- Locate a full-text article about the ban on ephedra in the March-April 2004 issue of the **FDA Consumer** magazine. [**www.fda.gov**]
- What chemicals are on the list of “Known to be Human Carcinogens” in the National Toxicology Program’s Year 2005 11th Report of Carcinogens? [**ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov**]
- Find the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s TOXFAQ profile on nickel. [**www.atsdr.cdc.gov**]
- Check out the National Council for Science and the Environment’s Web site and find recent Congressional Research Service (CRS) reports on **pesticides**.  Also, look over the article on Acid Rain in NCSE’s Encyclopedia of Earth. [**www**_**.ncseonline.org**_** **]
- Which Florida universities offer graduate programs in toxicology? Check  the Society of Toxicology’s Resource Guide to Careers in Toxicology (under Public Outreach/Career Resources) [**www.toxicology.org**]
- Explore the variety of data sources containing information on acrylonitrile, by searching ChemFinder. [**www.chemfinder.com**]
- Where and on what dates will the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry’s 5th World Congress be held?  [**www.setac.org**]
- What is New Jersey’s percentile ranking among states in health risks from hazardous air pollutants?  Use Scorecard (from Environmental Defense).  Start by clicking on Air/HazardousAir Pollutants.  [**www.scorecard.org**]
- Use the BIOLOG file (one of Syracuse Research Corporation’s Environmental Fate Data Bases – EFDB) to find references on DDT in sewage. **[www.syrres.com/esc/efdb.htm]**
- Find some expert  peer-reviewed monographs on arsenic.** [**_**www.inchem.org**_**]**
- What are some common side effects of the drug Vioxx?  Consult MedlinePlus’ Drugs and Supplements page (data from the USP).** [medlineplus.gov]**
- Who makes Kill Zone Flea and Tick Killer 2000?  What are its active ingredients?  How have various governmental agencies rated the carcinogenic potential of these ingredients?  [**www.pesticideinfo.org**]
- How many poison control centers in Texas are certified by the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC)?  What are their addresses?  The AAPCC’s Poison Center Lists includes a list of certified centers.  Find the nation-wide toll-free poisoning emergency phone number. [**www.aapcc.org**]

_***WORLD WIDE WEB***_

## Slide 136

## Slide 137

## Slide 138