# Presentation: 875488

## Overview of Optical Layer Technology

- Presented to FCC Engineering Department
- March 12, 1999

## Presenters

- Mr. David Charlton
- Manger, Commercial Development
- Dr. Richard Wagner
- Director

## Outline

- What is the optical layer?
- Fundamental technologies of the optical layer
- Use of technologies in networks
- Road map for adoption

## Optical Layer

- What is it?
- Be able to...
- Define a “transport system”
- Define an “optical layer system”

## What is a “system?”

- Traditional transport system design includes terminals, amplifiers and other network elements all designed to work together
*but as a “closed” system to other vendors*

## How do traditional systems OEMs use DWDM? Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

- Note that the system is still “closed”

- How do traditional systems OEMs use DWDM? *Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing*

- Electronic
- Access

- Electronic
- Access

- WDM’s

- WDM’s

- FGM

## The “optical layer” of 2000

*Transponders*

**Optical layer**

- Rx

- Tx

*Transponders*

- Supplier A

- Supplier B

- WDM’s

- WDM’s

- FGM

- _Optical switch_
- Cross connect
- Add-drop mux

## Using the Optical Layer...

## Providing channels

## Responding-changing conditions

- Switching colors to re-route information...

## What are network layers?

**SONET**
**Solution**

**Optical Layer**
**Solution**

**Notes:**
Each layer brings potential pluses and minuses
Pluses:
 Measurable quality of service
 Self-healing
Minuses:
 Overhead processing
 Extra equipment

IP - Internet Protocol
PDH - Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
SONET - Synchronous Optical Networking
ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ON - Optical Network
STS - Synchronous Transmission System
OCH - Optical Channel
OMS - Optical Multiplex Section 
OTS - Optical Transmission Section

## Fundamental Technologies of the Optical Layer

## What is the Future of Photonics?

- Fibers
- Amplification
- Switching

## High Data Rate Fiber Evolution

*submarine*

*single fiber*

- SMF-28  |  SMF-DS  |  SMF-LS

- 1585-LS/SMF-28   |  Sub-LEAF/SMF-28

- LEAF   |   Super-LEAF   DMF

*DMC*

*terrestrial*

- SMF-28/1585-LS   |  LEAF/1585LS

- LEAF/1585-LS   |   SMF-28/ -D SMF

- single-
- 1.3 m

- several-
- 1.55 m

- multi-
- 1.55 m

## Amplifiers Today

## Future Amplifiers

- Lucent
- 80 Ch

- Future
- Products

## Switching occurs all over the network

- Packet
- Circuit
- Cross connect
- Electrical
- Optical

- Service efficiency
- Service provision
- Capacity management

## Circuit Switching

## Packet Switching

## What do Crossconnects do?

- Consolidation and integration of services
- Protocol conversion
- Network management
- Interconnection of different suppliers equipment

## Cross connects

- Alcatel 1644

- Tellabs 532e

- 256 STM-1

- 512 DS-1

## Switching attributes

- Bandwidth processed (how much is switched)
- Duty cycle (how often switching occurs)
- Revenue per duty cycle (how much revenue generated)
- Investment per cross point  (how much does the equipment cost)

## What are the attributes?

## Duty Cycle Vs. Revenue per operation

## Value of operation Vs. Investment for operation

- OXC

## Message so far...

- Application space for optical switching exists
- Same space could be met with electrical capability
- Cost advantage would tip the balance toward optics

## What about networks?

- Photonic technology diffuses from the top to the bottom
- Small changes in demand at the bottom make big requirements at the top

## Photonics Diffusion over Time

- 1980

- 2000

- Homes per node

- Many

- Few

- Today

- Fiber

- DWDM

- WADM

- OXC

## Conclusion

- Optical Layer
- will be adopted by carriers
- Lowers cost
- Provide more capability
- penetration of the network will depend on economics