# Presentation: 150901

## Strategic Evaluation States Model

- Linda A. Cosgrove, Ph.D.Chief Behavioral Technology
- Office of Research and Technology
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

- 2005 Strategic Evaluation States Model March 2005.ppt

## What Works

**Strong laws**** (.08 BAC, MDA, ALR, etc.)**
**High visibility enforcement **
- Checkpoints
- Saturation patrols
**Sanctions**** (license suspension, vehicle remedies, etc.)**
**Activism**
**Shift social norms**

- 2005 Strategic Evaluation States Model March 2005.ppt

## General Deterrence Theory

**Classic deterrence theory**
- Human behavior is rational
- Deviant behavior can be deterred by the prospect of punishment if it is
- Certain
- Swift
- Severe
- Policing and punishment
- Retribution and incapacitation
- Discouraging would-be offenders from engaging in prohibited acts

- 2005 Strategic Evaluation States Model March 2005.ppt

## Types of Deterrence

**Specific deterrence**
- Prevention of repeat offenses
- Incarceration
- License Suspension
- Vehicle Sanctions
**General deterrence**
- Prevention of prohibited behavior
- Increase perceived risk of detection, arrest, and severe punishment

- 2005 Strategic Evaluation States Model March 2005.ppt

## General Deterrence Model Applied to Impaired Driving

**Special Enforcement**
***and***
**Publicity About the Enforcement**

**Increased**
**Public Awareness**

**Increased**
**Perceived Risk**
**Of Arrest and Punishment**

**Change in Drinking ****and ****Driving Behavior**

- 2005 Strategic Evaluation States Model March 2005.ppt

## Percent of Drivers on the Road With Positive BAC Levels (Weekend Evenings)

- 2005 Strategic Evaluation States Model March 2005.ppt

## Estimated Percent of DWI’s Caught(One Year Period)

- 2005 Strategic Evaluation States Model March 2005.ppt

## Frequency Seen Police on the Roads in 

- Q14.  In the past 30 days, have you seen police on the roads you normally drive?

**Frequency Seen Police on the Roads in **
**Past 30 days**

- 2005 Strategic Evaluation States Model March 2005.ppt

## Frequency Seen Police on the Roads in Past 30 days – Drivers 18-34

- Q14.  In the past 30 days, have you seen police on the roads you normally drive?

- Wave 5.vs. Wave 6-
- Statistically significant, p< .01

**Frequency Seen Police on the Roads in Past 30 days – Drivers 18-34**

- 2005 Strategic Evaluation States Model March 2005.ppt

## Seen or Heard of Any Special Effort by Police in 

- Q18a.  Yes or No—in the past 30 days, have you seen or heard of any special effort by police to reduce driving under the influence or drunk driving in your community?

- Wave 1 vs. Wave 2, Wave 3 vs. Wave 4, and Wave 5 vs. Wave 6 - Statistically significant, p< .01

**Seen or Heard of Any Special Effort by Police in **
**Past 30 Days to Reduce Drunk Driving – Drivers 18-34**

## Where Seen or Heard of Special Effort by Police to Reduce Drunk Driving – Drivers 18-34

- Q18b.  Where did you see or hear about that special effort?

- Multiple Mention

- Wave 5.vs. Wave 6-
- Statistically significant, p< .05

**Where Seen or Heard of Special Effort by Police to Reduce Drunk Driving – Drivers 18-34**
**(Among those who saw or heard about special police enforcement in past 30 days)**

## Slogans Seen or Heard in Past 30 DaysDrivers 18 to 34: Aided Recall (Among those who did not recall name of slogan/program)

- Q21.  Do you recall hearing or seeing the following slogans in the past 30 days?

- Multiple Mention

- *Correct answer

- Wave 1 vs. Wave 2 and Wave 5 vs. Wave 6  - Statistically significant, p< .01

**Slogans Seen or Heard in Past 30 Days****Drivers 18 to 34: Aided Recall**** (Among those who did not recall name of slogan/program)**

## 2005 Focused Countermeasures “Full Implementation Model”

**Sustained enforcement**
- Statewide sTEP enforcement activities at weekly intervals
**Three weekends of high intensity enforcement**
- 16 consecutive nights of unrelenting DWI enforcement, spanning three consecutive weekends

- 2005 Strategic Evaluation States Model March 2005.ppt

## Slide 14

- 2005 Strategic Evaluation States Model March 2005.ppt

##  NHTSA Evaluation Support 

**Public awareness**
- Telephone surveys
- before and after the impaired driving mobilizations
- DMV surveys
**Paid media activity **
**Law enforcement activity**

- 2005 Strategic Evaluation States Model March 2005.ppt

##  NHTSA Evaluation Support 

**Roadside testing**
- Roadside testing surveys in Georgia, Florida, and West Virginia to take direct measurements of drivers’ BACs
- Used a device that stores the reading in memory for downloading later. It does not have a display of the BAC
- Conducted at sobriety checkpoints, before, during, and after the mobilizations

- 2005 Strategic Evaluation States Model March 2005.ppt

## Outcome Measures - Immediate

**Night time single vehicle, injury producing crashes by location, investigating agency, driver gender and driver age.  Daytime crashes for comparison**
**Crash data collected for each week throughout the year plus 3-5 prior years; either sampled or statewide; 2-4 weeks after the crash event**

- 2005 Strategic Evaluation States Model March 2005.ppt

## Outcome Measures - Ultimate

**Number of fatal and non-fatal alcohol-related crashes ****(data provided as they become available)**

- 2005 Strategic Evaluation States Model March 2005.ppt