# Presentation: 512860

## CRUSTAL DEFORMATION BREAKOUT Key Scientific Questions 

-  How do magmatic systems evolve and how can we improve eruption forecasting?
-  How can we quantify and understand the processes that lead to temporal and spatial variations of strain accumulation and release on earthquake-prone faults?

##  Key Scientific Question # 1

-  How do magmatic systems evolve and how can we improve eruption forecasting?
-  How does magma ascend from the source region to mid- and upper-crustal reservoirs?
-  What processes control the further ascent of magma (and magmatic fluids) to the Earth’s surface?
-  How quickly does magma migrate, and what does this tell us about composition and temperature?
-  How common is magmatic fluid migration without concomitant eruption and how can we distinguish between intrusion events from those that result in eruption?
-  In particular, how can we predict the eruption of explosive strato-volcanoes?
-  How are earthquake faulting and magmatism inter-related?
-  What processes cause/trigger flank instabilities? Are they related to eruption?

## Key Scientific Question # 2

-  How can we quantify and understand the processes that lead to temporal and spatial variations of strain accumulation and release on earthquake-prone faults?
-  What mechanisms control the occurrence of transient and steady-state aseismic fault slip?
-  What processes generate post-seismic deformation and what accounts for its variability in differing tectonic regimes?
-  What stress transfer processes are important in triggering seismic activity? Are long-range interactions important?
-  Are there precursory deformation phenomena and can they be detected with InSAR observations?
-  How can we use better InSAR constraints on static earthquake slip to improve our understanding of rupture dynamics?
-  What is the role of inelastic permanent strain (geology) vs elastic strain?
-  What is the nature, temporal evolution, and distribution of aseismic strain in the lithosphere?

## Importance of Serendipitous Discovery

- Discovery aspect of space missions frequently used in justifying planetary exploration
- Well-illustrated by the history of InSAR where most spectacular results could not have been anticipated before launch of SAR missions.
- 	Examples from crustal dynamics include:
- Visual (and scientific!) impact of interferograms of a wide range of deformation processes, including: earthquakes, postseismic transients, magmatic unrest, and regional ground subsidence
- Role of poroelastic processes
- Discovery of off-fault coseismic strain
- Non-eruptive migration of magma and/or magmatic fluids
- Locating small earthquakes with ~1 km accuracy (CTBT/tectonics)

## Matching Science Goals to InSAR Data/Products

**Guiding Principles:**
- 	- Emphasize goals that take advantage of unique capabilities of InSAR---its ~complete spatial coverage at ~1-100 km scale (e.g. volcanic systems goals)
- 	- Importance of integration with complementary data/techniques (CGPS, seismology, volcanology....)
- 	- Importance of data archives & long-term continuity of data acquisition
**Existing/Planned Systems (Dual strategy):**
- Intensively image natural labs (areas with excellent ancillary nets & data)
- Image synoptically in many of the world’s blind spots to build up case histories, maximize potential for major serendipitous discoveries, and to help define new natural labs.
**New Missions/Capabilities:**
- ECHO-like mission: science goals that depend on large data volume, 3D imaging, L-band targets
- Maximize temporal sampling density over active tectonic regions
- Add to ECHO: ScanSAR capability for more frequent, lower resolution monitoring of broad regions
- Nearer to real-time data acquisition/transfer--hazards applications