# Presentation: 925141

## Very little difference between gfs and prl in diabatic heating except in polar regions

***Very little difference between gfs and prl in diabatic heating except in polar regions***

***GFS-prl***

***Zonal mean diabatic heating ***
***2002-2007***

## GFS-prl 

- Biggest differences in convective heating, partly offset by large-scale heating

***GFS-prl ***

*Vertical diffusion*

***Shallow convection***

***Large-scale***

***Deep convection***

## GFS-prl

***GFS has less moistening than prl (10% less)***

***Vertical diffusion moistening***

***Shallow convection moistening***

***GFS-prl***

## GFS-Prl

***Convective moistening at 925 CFS***

***Zonal mean Convective moistening***

***GFS-Prl***

## Diabatic heating 2002-2009 

***Monin vs. GFS***
***Monin GFS without changes to vertical diffusion***
***GFS-Monin effect of changes in vertical diffusion***
- 	Glenn.White@noaa.gov

## Zonal mean diabatic heating

- Reducing vertical diffusion reduces deep heating in tropics, heating in boundary layer by 20%

***Zonal mean diabatic heating***

***Monin***

- GFS

***GFS-Monin***

## Effects of reducing vertical diffusion

- Convective heating

- Shallow convection

- Large-scale heating

- Vertical diffusion

## Reducing vertical diffusion increases clouds above tropical boundary layer, enhancing cooling there

***Reducing vertical diffusion increases clouds above tropical boundary layer, enhancing cooling there***

- Short wave

- Long wave

- Clouds

## West Pacific convective heating

***West Pacific convective heating***
***Reducing vertical diffusion concentrates heating at equator***

## East Pacific convective heating

***East Pacific convective heating***
***Reducing vertical diffusion reduces heating at equator***

## Reducing vertical diffusion intensifies convection in storm tracks

***Reducing vertical diffusion intensifies convection in storm tracks***

## Reducing vertical diffusion shifts convection from east to west Pacific at equator

***Reducing vertical diffusion shifts convection from east to west Pacific at equator***

- Equator

- Equator

## Monin

***Reducing vertical diffusion concentrates convection at equator in west Pacifc, moves convection away from equator in east Pacific, tends to reduce convection at 400.***

***Monin***

***GFS***

***GFS-Monin***
***reducing vert diff***

***Convective heating 400 hPa***

## Reducing vertical diffusion shifts convective heating to lower levels in tropics, away from equatorial east Pacific

***Reducing vertical diffusions creates slightly more clouds, more radiative cooling 500-700 in tropics***
***Reducing vertical diffusion lowers but doesn’t weaken heating due to vertical diffusion***

## Why is there a significant difference in tropical convection between gfs and prl?

***One does not have to change convection to change convection.***

## Prl-gfs differences????

- Zonal mean temperature differences
- 2002-2021
- Prl-cfs differences reflect changes to ice, hybrid vs sigma
***Prl-gfs differences????***

## Comparison of CMIP runs

***CFS operational CFS***
***GFS operational GFS***
***Monin GFS without reduced diffusion***
***Prl operational GFS with new ozone, orography, ******hybrid vertical coordinate******,***
***	******mistake in Antarctic orography***
***GFS-Monin effect of reducing vertical diffusion***
***GFS-prl effect of change in vertical coordinate + ...***

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## effects of correction less than difference between prl and gfs.

## effects of correction much less than difference between prl and gfs.