# Presentation: 191216

##  v1 & v2-Flow: BAROMETRY @ HiMu-RHIC - pinning down the Order of the Phase Transition      Horst Stöcker, FIAS Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies

**1 Outreach to hi-mu=300-600MeV@****HiMu-RHIC**** **
**2 ****v1, v2-**** Flow ****change sign**** at critical point: **
**   ****1. & 2.**** Order Phase Transition (T,mu)-****critical**
**3 ****v1**** Bounce-Off Excitation fct.  ****Collapse @**
**4 ****v2**** Squeeze-Out Exc. fct.: ****2+2 to 8+8 AGeV**
**5 ****Machshock- angles**** measure speed of sound: **
**the case for ****asymmetric collisions**

**Barbara Betz  Marcus Bleicher Adrian Dumitru  Kerstin Paech Hannah Petersen Dirk Rischke Stefan Schramm Gebhardt Zeeb  Detlef Zschiesche ****Elena Bratkovskaya Xianglei Zhu **

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

## RHIC-Time evolution  in T-Mu_B Plane UrQMDBravina- looks  thermal after 5 fm/c!

- Time-Evolution  UrQMD
- 2Ecm=**18****   ****Ecrit**
**           ****4+4   2+2**

**FK**

**1. Order phase transition**

- RHIC

**BiS**

**?**

**mu****crit**

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

## Ideal Hadron Gas: mu-crit@S/A=13-18!

**G. Zeeb**

**Fo-K**

- BiS

**BiS**

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

## IG-Results differ strongly fromChiral SU(3) hadron model mu-crit@S/A=7-10! 

**D. Zschiesche, G. Zeeb**

**BiS**

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

## QGP – EOS: D.D.overlap initialization

**B.Betz u. G. Zeeb**

**Entropy **
**vs.**
**Ecm**

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

## Chiral SU(3) Hadron isentropic exp. model: Elab=10-40 AGeV <-> Ecm = 2+2–6+6 AGeV

**D. Zschiesche, G. Zeeb**

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

## Huge Fluctuations in Energy-(Baryon-?) Density

**Huge Fluctuations in Energy-(Baryon-?) Density**

**Critical Point**

**1****st**** order phase transition**

_****__**e**_
** ****e**

**~ 1**

_****__**e**_
** ****e**

**<< 1**

**Paech, Dumitru, HST**

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

## Fluctuations and flow: V2 Paech+Dumitru

**Fluctuations and flow: V****2 Paech+Dumitru**

**E877  NA49                    STAR**

_****__**e/e Inhomogeneities!**_

**v2**

**Hi-mu RHIC!**

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

## Excitation Function: Elliptic flow

## Hydro at too low energy:  P.T. not reachedproton v1=px/ptrise linearlyBrachmann, Paech, Dumitru

**Hydro at ****too low energy: **** ****P.T. not reached****proton**** v1=px/pt****rise ****linearly****Brachmann, Paech, Dumitru**

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

## 6 AGeV: Flow of Baryons linear: No Phase Transition -but also no single thermalized source!

- Strange Baryons flow !
- But Pions & Strange Mesons K show
- Anti-flow!
- E895

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

## hydro higher E:mu > mu-crit: 1.order transitionline crossed -> Negative v1-flow =Anti-Flow of protons at  > 11 AGeV  

**hydro higher E:****mu >**** mu-crit:**** ****1.order**** transition****line crossed ****->**** ****Negative**** v1-flow =****Anti-Flow**** of**** protons ****at  ****> 11 AGeV**** **** **

**It is in the protons !**
** **

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

## Proton

**Hydro [Csernai, HIPAGS’93****]**

**Proton**

**No data!**

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

## ELab> 40 GeV/nucl  - above critical point...mu < mu-crit: NO PT-> crossing! Recover Positive v1-Flow!

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

## Proton “Anti-Flow” observed in Pb+Pb@ 40AGeV by NA49 ?

**Proton “Anti-Flow” observed in Pb+Pb@ 40AGeV by NA49 ?**

-  A. Wetzler

- “Anti-Flow” discovered! -> 1. Order Phase Transition!

**v****1**** ******** 0**

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

## V1 proton 3DHydro: PROTONAnti-Flow FAIR, Hi-muRHIC  Extrapol. Data: Anti-Flow@20-40AGeV: Hi-muRHIC DATA!

**V1 proton 3DHydro: PROTON****Anti-****Flow FAIR, Hi-muRHIC  ****Extrapol. Data: Anti-Flow@20-40AGeV: Hi-muRHIC DATA!**

- AGS-data

- Hi-mu RHIC data

- SIS

**Paech, Dumitru**

** ****v1-sign change TWICE**** proves**
**1. Order & 2. Order at mu-crit**

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

**UrQMD < Fluctuations?**

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

## Hi-mu Mach shock cones compress nuclei-the case for asymmetric collisions

- Baumgardt, Schott, Sakamoto, Schopper,
- Stöcker, Hofmann, Scheid, Greiner,
- Z. Phys. A273 (1975) 359** **

**Oxygen cause Mach cone in Nuclei**

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

## Flow - THE BAROMETER for the EoS from SIS via MuRHIC & FAIR to LHC     Horst Stöcker, FIAS Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies

**1 Outreach to mu = 300-600 MeV in Hi-mu-Rhic **
**2 v1 Bounce-Off Excitation function 4-12  collapse**
**3 v2 Squeeze-Out Excitation function 4-12 GeV**
**4 Dependence of v1, v2 Flow on the EoS -**
**   ****1. & 2. Order Phase Transition (T,mu)-****critical**
**    ****Hi-mu-RHIC from 2+2 to 8+8 AGeV**
**5 Machshock- angle measure speed of sound: **
**       ****the case for asymmetric collisions**

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

## Thank You!!!

**Marcus Bleicher**
**Adrian Dumitru          **
**Kerstin Paech    (****now@NSCL,MSU)**
**Hannah Petersen**
**Dirk Rischke  **
**Stefan Schramm**
**Gebhardt Zeeb  **
**Detlef Zschiesche (now@RIO de Janeiro)               **
**Elena Bratkovskaya FIAS- Junior Fellow**** **
**Xianglei Zhu           FIGSS- Student from Tsinghua U.**

**Thank You!!!**

- Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main