# Presentation: 950703

## Common Sexually Transmitted Diseases: STD 101 for Non-Clinicians

- Developed by
- The Training and Health
- Communications Branch, in partnership with
- the Program Development and Support Branch,
- Division of STD Prevention
- NCHSTP, CDC

## Topics

- Gonorrhea
- Chlamydia
- Syphilis
- Herpes
- HPV

## Gonorrhea

## Gonorrhea

- Gonorrhea is sometimes called clap, drip, dose, strain, gleet or the whites
- Incubation period: 1 – 14 days
- A bacteria causes gonorrhea
- Can cause infections in men, women, and new babies
- The person can easily pass it on to sex partners and babies during childbirth

## Gonorrhea Symptoms in Men

- Discharge from the penis (may be thick, milky white, yellowish, or greenish)
- Burning on urination

*Source*: CDC/NCHSTP/Division of STD Prevention, STD Clinical Slides

- Gonorrhea

## Complications in Men

- Swollen or tender testicles (epididymitis)
- Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)

- Gonorrhea

## Swollen or Tender Testicles (Epididymitis)

*Source*: Health Awareness Connection, http://www.healthac.org/images.html

- Gonorrhea

## Disseminated Gonococcal (Gonorrhea) Infection

*Source*: CDC/NCHSTP/Division of STD Prevention, STD Clinical Slides

- Gonorrhea

## Gonorrhea Symptoms in Women

- Usually asymptomatic
- Painful urination
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding
- Pain during sex

*Source*: CDC/NCHSTP/Division of STD Prevention, STD Clinical Slides

- Gonorrhea

## Complications in Women

- Bartholin’s Abscess
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)

- Gonorrhea

## Bartholin’s Abscess

*Source*: CDC/NCHSTP/Division of STD Prevention, STD Clinical Slides

- Gonorrhea

## Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

*Source*: Cincinnati STD/HIV Prevention Training Center

- Gonorrhea

## Gonorrhea in Infants

- A mother can pass gonorrhea to her baby during childbirth

- Gonorrhea

## Testing & Treatment for Gonorrhea

- Easily detected by a urine test or swab; and
- Easily cured with antibiotics; but
- Any damage to the body cannot be repaired.

- Gonorrhea

## Chlamydia

## Chlamydia

- Can cause infection in men, women, and newborn babies
- Chlamydia is caused by a bacteria
- Incubation Period: 2-3 weeks
- The person can pass it on to sex partners and to babies during childbirth

## Symptoms of Chlamydia

- _Symptoms in Women: _
**Usually asymptomatic**
- Abnormal vaginal discharge
- Pain during sex
- Complications, if not treated:
- Pelvic inflammatory disease _[(PID)](slide12.xml)_

- _Symptoms in Men:_
**Usually asymptomatic**
- Discharge from the penis (may be runny, whitish)
- Burning on urination
- Complications, if not treated
- Swollen and tender testicles _[(epididymitis)](slide7.xml)_

- Chlamydia

## Chlamydia Symptoms in Men

- Chlamydia

- Source:  Seattle STD/HIV PTC

## Chlamydia Symptoms in Women Mucopurulent Cervicitis

- Chlamydia

- Source:  St. Louis STD/HIV PTC

## Testing & Treatment for Chlamydia 

- Easily detected by a urine test or a swab; and
- Easily cured with antibiotics; but
- Any damage to the body cannot be repaired

- Chlamydia

## Syphilis

## Syphilis

- Syphilis is sometimes called “bad blood ,” pox, lues, or a “zipper cut”
- Syphilis is caused by a bacteria
- Incubation Period:  10-90 days (average 21 days)
- Can cause infections in men, women, and unborn babies during pregnancy

## Symptoms of SyphilisPrimary Stage

- A painless sore called a chancre may be located on the genitals, lips, anus, or other area of direct contact
- The chancre will last 1-5 weeks and heal without treatment
- The person can easily pass it on to sex partners

- Syphilis

## Primary Syphilis Chancre in a Man

*Source*: CDC/ NCHSTP/ Division of STD Prevention, STD Clinical Slides

- Syphilis

## Primary Syphilis Chancre in a Woman

*Source*: CDC/ NCHSTP/ Division of STD Prevention, STD Clinical Slides

- Syphilis

## Oral Primary Syphilis Chancre

*Source*: CDC/ NCHSTP/ Division of STD Prevention, STD Clinical Slides

- Syphilis

## Symptoms of SyphilisSecondary Stage

- Skin rashes lasting 2 – 6 weeks (average of 4 weeks) on the palms of the hands, bottoms of the feet, or any part of the body
- Other symptoms include fever, swollen lymph glands, headache, hair loss, and muscle ache
- Symptoms will go away without treatment
- The person may be able to pass it on  to sex partners

- Syphilis

## Secondary Syphilis Body Rash

*Source*: CDC/ NCHSTP/ Division of STD Prevention, STD Clinical Slides

- Syphilis

## Secondary Syphilis Rash

*Source*: Cincinnati STD/HIV Prevention Training Center

- Syphilis

## Secondary Syphilis Palm Rash

*Source*: CDC/ NCHSTP/ Division of STD Prevention, STD Clinical Slides

- Syphilis

## Symptoms of SyphilisLate Stage  

- Paralysis
- Insanity
- Blindness
- Damage to knee joints
- Personality changes

- Impotency
- Aneurysm (ballooning of a blood vessel)
- Tumor on the skin or internal organs

- Syphilis

## Late Stage Syphilis Ulcerating Gumma

*Source*: CDC/ NCHSTP/ Division of STD Prevention, STD Clinical Slides

- Syphilis

## Congenital Syphilis 

- A mother can pass syphilis on to her unborn child

- Syphilis

## Testing & Treatment for Syphilis

- Easily detected by a blood test; and
- Easily cured with antibiotics;
- Any damage done to the body cannot be repaired.

- Syphilis

## Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

## Genital Herpes 

- Causes infection in men, women, and newborns
- Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) cause genital herpes infections.
- Incubation period: 2 – 12 days
- The person can easily pass it on to sex partners and babies during childbirth

- Herpes

## Genital Herpes: Two Types 

- There are 2 types of HSV: HSV-1 and HSV-2.
- HSV-2 causes most genital infections.
- HSV-1 causes oral infections (cold sores, fever blisters) and some genital infections.

- Herpes

## Symptoms of Genital Herpes 

- Numerous painful lesions (sores)
- On the penis, vagina, anus, buttocks, thighs, mouth, or finger
- Last up to 4 – 21 days
- Other symptoms include headache, fever, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, and difficult urination.
- Symptoms may or may not come back.

- Herpes

## Genital Herpes Without Symptoms

- Many people with herpes do not have any symptoms or do not recognize that they have symptoms.
- Most people with herpes can pass the virus to sex partners even when they do not have symptoms.

- Herpes

## Herpes in a Man

*Source*: Cincinnati STD/HIV Prevention Training Center

- Herpes

## Herpes in a Woman

*Source*: Cincinnati STD/HIV Prevention Training Center

- Herpes

*Source*: CDC/NCHSTP/Division of STD,
- STD Clinical Slides

## You can get herpes anywhere . . . 

*Source*: Cincinnati STD/HIV Prevention Training Center

- Herpes

## Herpes Complications

- HSV-2 causes serious problems when it is passed to newborns during birth.

- Herpes

## Testing & Treatment for Genital Herpes

- Can be detected by:
- culturing the lesion
- blood test
- Herpes cannot be cured, but symptoms can be treated with medicines called antivirals.

- You can still spread herpes even if you are taking antiviral medicine!

- Herpes

## Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

## Human Papillomavirus

- Many types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), some of which infect the genital area
- Incubation period unclear
- Can infect men, women, and newborns
- The person can easily pass it on to sex partners

- HPV

## Genital HPV: Two Types

- The types of HPV that infect the genital area are labeled “low-risk” or “high-risk” depending on whether they can cause cancer or not.
- Low-risk HPV types can cause genital warts.
- High-risk HPV types can cause serious cervical lesions, cervical cancer, and other genital cancers.

- HPV

## Symptoms of Genital HPV Infection

- Usually asymptomatic and brief (6 – 12 months)
- Genital warts (usually infection with low-risk type of HPV)
- Warts on the penis, vagina, anus or urethra
- Rarely may have itching, bleeding, burning, or pain along with the warts
- May go away on their own, stay about the same, or get worse

- HPV

## Symptoms of Genital HPV Infection

- Cervical lesions (usually infection with high-risk type of HPV)
- Usually no symptoms
- Detected by Pap smear
- Most will go away on their own
- Some will persist and need to be followed by health care provider
- Most women with high-risk HPV types do not get cervical cancer

- HPV

## HPV Penile Warts

*Source*: Cincinnati STD/HIV Prevention Training Center

- HPV

## Genital Warts in a Woman

- HPV

*Source*: CDC/NCHSTP/Division of STD, STD Clinical Slides

## Perianal Wart

*Source*: Cincinnati STD/HIV Prevention Training Center

- HPV

## Testing & Treatment for Genital Warts

- Genital Warts
- No tests for genital warts
- Several types of treatment are available
- Warts may come back
- Cervical lesions and cervical cancer
- Regular Pap smears are best way to detect serious lesions and prevent cervical cancer
- Pap smear screening is recommended for all sexually active women

- HPV