# Presentation: 170608

## 100 Years Ago

***Animal movement was . . .***

**Notes:**
One-hundred years ago, animal movement in the U.S. was quite different than it is today.  Farm animals were either taken to the county fair or to market.  Most domesticated farm animals had very little contact with other animals, since animal movement from state to state was minimal.  Do in part to reduced contact with other animals, the incidence of disease in farm animals was also much lower 100 years ago, as was the threat of a disease spreading rapidly across the country.    

## Imagine

***If you can . . .***

**Notes:**
Imagine what would happen if a contagious animal disease were discovered on your farm, or in your community.  How quickly would animal health officials be able to isolate the disease, determine which animals had been exposed and set-up a quarantine?  How would you feel if authorities determined that your animals had been exposed to the disease and would thus, have to be isolated or even destroyed? 

## Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD):  				Costly and Deadly

** **

***Would you like this to happen on your farm?***

**Notes:**
When foot and mouth disease (FMD) spread rapidly across Great Britain, large numbers of animals had to be destroyed.  Some farmers lost their entire herd, while many others suffered devastating losses.  Major animal diseases can be deadly and costly.  The severity of the loss can be greatly reduced if diagnosis and containment occur quickly.  The fewer animals that have been exposed to a diseased animal, the smaller the quarantined area and the lower the economic loss.  

## Potential Spread of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) 

***Potential Spread of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) ***
***Virus if Introduced at 5 Locations***

**Day**

**1**

**2**

**3**

**4**

**5**

**6**

**7**

**8**

**9**

**10**

**11**

**12**

**13**

**14**

**15**

**16**

**17**

**18**

**19**

**20**

**21**

**22**

**23**

**30**

**Day  5  Disease First Detected**

_**Potential**__** **__**Impact**__**:**_

**Even if a national “Stop Movement” of all  susceptible animals is ordered on Day 8, **
**by the time the disease is eradicated the nation would lose 23.6 million animals!  **

**States Infected:**

**5**

**12**

**15**

**19**

**23**

**27**

**30**

**33**

**35**

**37**

**38**

**39**

**40**

**NOTE: This is a simulation of how FMD could spread through exposed animals.**

**Notes:**
This slide simulates how quickly a contagious disease like Foot and Mouth Disease would spread through the United States if it were introduced at five separate locations.  Even if the disease were detected on day 5 and a “stop movement” of all susceptible animals is ordered on day 8, 23.6 million animals will be lost by the time the disease is eradicated.  This simulation offers further proof that early detection is the key to containing a deadly animal disease.    

## Do you know .....

**Worldwide, 60% of infectious diseases affect both humans AND animals  **
**These are called zoonotic diseases**
- Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis (VEE): ***Horses***
- Influenza (flu): ***Birds and pigs***_[  ](http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.well.ox.ac.uk/cytogenetics/images1/yoyo.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.well.ox.ac.uk/cytogenetics/images1.shtml&h=343&w=302&sz=24&tbnid=NwCK0j71lc4J:&tbnh=116&tbnw=102&hl=en&start=7&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpeople%2Busing%2Bmicroscope%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN)_
- Sore Mouth: ***Sheep***
- Ringworm: ***Cattle and sheep***

**Notes:**
As this slide indicates, 60% of infectious diseases worldwide affect both humans and animals, and are known as zoonotic diseases.  Two of the common zoonotic diseases are ringworm in cattle and sheep, and sore mouth in sheep.  

## How do Diseases Spread?

**Humans not **
**washing their **
**hands**

**Animals coming in contact **
**with other animals **
**(commingling)**

**Rodents, birds, and insects**

**Water Droplet**

**Notes:**
Diseases spread in a variety of ways.  The most common method is through direct contact with an infected animal. Animal to animal contact is called commingling.   Humans can also spread disease by coming in contact with an infected person or animal, and then not washing their hands before they touch another animal, shake hands with a friend or simply grab a door handle.  Rodents, birds and insects have also been known to spread certain diseases.  Some diseases can be spread through the air and are termed “airborne” illnesses, while other diseases are spread through water droplets.  

## What can YOU do to . . .

**Stem the spread of disease**
**Protect **
**Your animals**
**Your neighbor’s animals**
**Consumers**

**Notes:**
So just what can you do as a youth producer to help stop the spread of disease, protect your own animals from disease, and provide consumers with confidence that their food supply is disease free and safe to consume? 

## National Animal ID for Youth

**A Program for Youth Producers**

**Notes:**
The increasing number of animal disease outbreaks that have been reported around the globe over the past decade and the single cow that tested positive for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the United States in December 2003 have greatly intensified public interest in developing a national animal identification program for the purpose of protecting animal health.  The European Union, Canada, and Australia already have animal identification programs in place.  A strong U.S. identification system is in increasing demand as a necessary component of our Nation’s agricultural infrastructure.

## Working Together to Help Youth

**State Animal**
**Health Official**

**Notes:**
The National Animal ID Program for Youth is a joint effort between the U.S Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), National 4-H and the National FFA.  Working with State Animal Health Officials, youth producers across the U.S. will register the location of their animals and receive a premesis ID number.  Most youth producers already have their animals individually identified, which will be an important part of the voluntary National Animal Identification System (NAIS).   

## National Animal ID Program for Youth:  What it Means to You!

**Help** _**youth**_ **understand –**
- 	The National Animal Identification System (NAIS) requirements to improve animal health

**Notes:**
Most individuals associated with animal agriculture recognize that finding potentially sick or exposed animals early in a disease outbreak is essential to containing the disease quickly.  The NAIS would allow for rapid tracing of animals during an outbreak situation, helping to limit the scope and expense of the outbreak and allowing APHIS to minimize the impact on domestic and foreign markets.

## What is NAIS?

- National   Program

**To identify animals and trace them as they**
**come in contact with animals other than herd **
**or flock mates from their premises of origin**

**Notes:**
The U.S. Department of Agriculture has made the implementation of a national animal identification system (NAIS) one of its top priorities.  When fully operational, the voluntary NAIS will be capable of tracing a sick animal or group of animals back to the herd or premises that is the most likely source of the infection.  The system will also be able to trace potentially exposed animals that were moved out from that herd or premises.  The sooner animal health officials can identify infected and exposed animals and premises, the sooner they can contain the disease and stop its spread.

## Long-term Goal of NAIS

***	******Ability to identify all premises and animals that have had direct contact with a diseased animal ***_***within 48 hours***_*** after discovery***

- 48  Hours

**Notes:**
USDA’s long term goal is to establish a system that can identify all animals and premises that have had direct contact with a foreign animal disease or a domestic disease of concern within 48 hours after discovery of the disease.  To meet this goal, USDA must develop a practical yet comprehensive infrastructure that collects and records information about the movements of animals.

## How Will the System Work?

- NAIS will be established over time through integrating these parts of the system:

**      **

**     **

**NAIS**

**Premises **
**Identification**

**Animal**
**Tracking**

**Animal**
**Identification**

**Notes:**
The identification of premises that allow for the commingling of animals is the foundation of the NAIS and must be established before animals can be traced.  Knowing where animals are located is the key to efficient, accurate, and cost-effective animal health investigations and disease control efforts.  State and tribal animal health officials will assign unique premises identification numbers to actual locations involved in livestock commerce or the movement of animals or poultry.  In the event of an animal disease outbreak, animal health authorities will have this premises location data at their finger tips to ensure that disease investigations progress rapidly and efficiently.  After premises are registered, unique animal identification numbers will be issued to individually identified premises.  After both premises and animals are identified in this uniform manner, the ultimate goal of the NAIS –animal tracing- will become possible.  When identified animals travel through the production chain or to fairs or exhibition sites, their numbers will be linked to each identified premises where they are moved or mixed with animals from other premises.  In this way, a travel record of each animal will be created. Movement records will be held in private or State databases.  

## What does the NAIS Provide?

**More timely response*** *
- Critical for quickly tracing animals to control the spread of disease
**Minimize detrimental effects of disease outbreak**
- Less economic loss

**Notes:**
Once premises and animals are uniquely identified through the NAIS, animal health authorities will be able to quickly trace animals diagnosed with a disease of interest, as well as the other animals exposed to the sick animal.  This timely response will minimize the number of animals that must be quarantined to control the spread of the disease and thus, reduce the economic impact on American agriculture and livestock producers. 

## How does NAIS help youth producers?

***To establish the information system necessary to support animal disease programs:***
*** ******Control***
*** ******Eradication ***
*** ******Monitoring***
*** ******Surveillance***
***Bottom Line --***
***Animal ***_***health***_*** is the focus!***

**Notes:**
NAIS will help youth producers become an integral part of a national animal health surveillance program.  By having their premises registered and their animals identified, youth producers will become a strong link in the animal health chain, while developing a sense of security that their animal’s health is protected by a national monitoring program. Their participation in the NAIS will strengthen the information system needed to control and eradicate animal diseases.    

## What is a Premises? 

**The location where an animal is born, cared for, exhibited, or marketed**
**Examples include: farms, ranches, feedyards, auction barns, fairs, and livestock exhibitions**
**Definition may vary depending on the state**

**Notes:**
In terms of the NAIS, a premises is defined as any location where animals are born, cared for, exhibited or marketed.  Some people say that a premises is like a 911 address for animals.  A premises not only includes the location where animals live, but also any place where animals come in contact with other animals that are not their herd mates.  Examples of premises would include farms, ranches, feedyards, auction barns, fairgrounds and livestock exhibition centers.  A “one-size-fits-all” definition of a premises is not always possible, even if everyone adheres to the same general principle of identifying the location of animals.  Differences in production systems and methods from one region of the country to another will need to be taken into account.

## Premises ID (Registration)

**Foundation of the system**
**Unique ID for all **_**locations**_** that manage or house livestock**
**Farms/ranches, markets, fairs/exhibitions, public sales, etc**
**Provides ability to:**
-  **Locate diseased animal(s)**
** ****Locate other potentially exposed animals**

**Notes:**
As stated earlier, premises registration is the foundation of the NAIS and must be established before animals can be traced.  Knowing where animals are located is the key to efficient, accurate, and cost-effective animal health investigations and disease control efforts.  State and tribal animal health officials will assign unique premises identification numbers to actual locations involved in livestock commerce or the movement of animals or poultry.  In the event of an animal disease outbreak, animal health officials will have premises locations available to keep track of sick animals and to locate other potentially exposed animals.  

## How to Register a Premises

**Owner of the land or facility where animals are located will contact their state or tribal animal health officials**
**	****	****   ****(www.USDA.gov/NAIS)**
**A unique premises ID containing                             7-alphanumeric characters will be assigned to each premises **
**	****	****    ****For example: 02345Y7**

**Notes:**
In order to register a premises, the owner of the land or facility where animals are located should contact their state or tribal animal health official.  A listed of state and tribal animal health officials can be accessed through the following website: www.USDA.gov/NAIS A unique premises ID containing 7-alphanumeric characters will be assigned to each premises.  

## What is Animal Identification?

**Standard way to trace animals from premises to premises**
**Two types of available identification**
**Individual animal number**
**Group / lot number**
**Producers will select proper identification based on how animals move through the production chain**

**Notes:**
In order to trace the movement of animals from premises to premises, each animal must be individually identified.  If a group of animals is moving through the production chain together, they may be identified by a group or lot number as opposed to individual animal ID.  Producers within each of the specie groups included in the NAIS will work together to decide on the proper form of animal identification for their species.

## Animal Identification

***Animal Identification***

**Unique Individual Animal Identification**
**AIN = **_**Animal Identification Number**_** consists of**
**	****Country Code (3 numbers)  **
**	****	****840 = USA Code**
**	****12 digit animal number**
**Example: 840 003 123 456 789**

**Notes:**
When individual animal identification numbers (AINs) are assigned, they will contain 15 digits that make the number unique to each animal.  The first three digits of the AIN are the country code, which is 840 for U.S. animals.  The remaining 12 digits are the animal’s number.  Animal identification numbers will be available from AIN managers, who will manage the distribution of AIN devises, such as ear tags.    

## How Does Animal ID Help Prevent the Spread of Disease?

**Once an animal has been diagnosed with a disease, the NAIS will allow officials to trace:**

**The diseased **
**animal**

**Other animals **
**exposed to **
**the disease**

**Notes:**
A combination of premises identification and animal identification will allow animal health officials to keep track of animals diagnosed with a disease of interest.  The NAIS will also allow animal health officials to determine which other animals may have been exposed to the disease, so these animals can be monitored and potentially quarantined to prevent the spread of the disease.

## Animal Tracking

**Must provide information for:**
**Trace Back**
**Find source of infection**
**Find additional exposed animals**
-  **Trace Forward**
**Find where exposed animals may have been moved **
**Determine additional exposed animals**

**Notes:**
Once an animal is diagnosed with a disease of interest, animal health officials must be able to trace back to the source of the infection and determine which other animals were exposed to the disease.  Animal health officials must also be able to trace forward to determine the current location of these exposed animals, while at the same time identifying any additional animals that may have been exposed to the disease.  An affective animal tracking system is dependent upon premises ID, animal ID and accurate animal movement data.   

## Animal Tracking – What information is Needed?

***...******just enough to initiate trace back / trace forward***

**Premises**
**Number**

**Date**

**Event**

**Animal ID Number**

**Notes:**
Affective animal tracking will require the following data to be gathered and maintained each time an animal is moved from one premises to another: the date the animal was moved, the name of the event that caused the animal to be moved, the animal’s ID number (or the “lot number” for a group of animals), the premises number for the location the animal was taken away from and the premises number for the location the animal is taken to.  With this information, animal health officials will be able to initiate both a trace back and a trace forward. 

## Tracking Animal Movement

***Tracking Animal Movement***

**Each premises has a unique ID number to trace animals between premises **
**Individuals should maintain a record of AINs when animals come onto a premises**

**Notes:**
Premises owners and the managers of fairgrounds and livestock expositions will be responsible for keeping track of the animal ID numbers (AINs) of the animals that enter their premises, and reporting these numbers to the national premises and animal identification information repositories. 

## Tracking Animal Movement (cont.)

**AINs should be recorded when an animal changes  premises **
**State animal health papers and branding laws still apply**

**Notes:**
As stated earlier, animal identification numbers (AINs) must be recorded and reported when animals move from one premises to another.  In addition, state animal health papers and brand papers may be required prior to moving animals in some states.  Individuals should contact their state or tribal animal health officials to check requirements prior to moving animals. 

## Tracing Animal Movement

**Record of:**** **
**All premises visited by the animal**
**All other animals that have been **
**	****commingled**
**Example:**** **
**	****An animal moves from your farm to a county tagging or weigh-in, back to your farm, to the county or district fair, back to your farm, and then to the state fair**

**Notes:**
Once animal health officials diagnose an animal with a disease of interest, they will access the national animal identification information repository to locate the animal’s travel record.  This record will include each premises the animal has visited.  Officials can then search these premises numbers to find the IDs of any other animals that were at the same premises on the same dates as the animal diagnosed with the disease of interest.  Officials will then search the data base to locate a travel record for each of the exposed animals to determine their current location.    

## Project Animal Travel Log: Record all movement of your project animals with premises locations

| Location Example | Other
ID No. | Official AIN | Date | Event | Premises
ID |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1  To: J. Mill, WV
     From: Weston, WV | 
M502 | 
840123555666789 | 
9/15/04 | Fair Weigh-in | J. Mill, WV
111A2WW |
| 2  To: J. Mill, WV
     From: Weston, WV
 | 
M502 | 
840123555666789 | 
5/15/05 | 
Preview Show | J. Mill, WV
111A2WW |
| 3   To: Lewisburg, WV
     From: Weston, WV | 
M502 | 840123555666789 | 
7/15/05
 | 
State Fair | Lewisburg, WV
999A2XX |
| 4    To: Gap Run, WV
      From: Lewisburg, WV | 
M502 | 840123555666789 | 
7/15/05 | 
County Meet | Gap Run, WV
333B2XX |
| 5    To:
      From: |  |  |  |  |  |

**Notes:**
This slide shows an example of a project animal travel log that could be maintained by a youth producer and included in their project record book. This travel log includes a record of all animal movements, including premises ID numbers, the date of the movement, where the animal left from and went to, and the name of the event.  Animal health officials would not require youth producers to maintain this type of log, but this record could be extremely helpful to animal health officials if this animal is diagnosed with a disease of interest.  

## Your Responsibility as a Youth Livestock Producer/Exhibitor

**Animal Health**
**Public Health**
**Food Safety**
**Consumer Confidence**
**Market Access**

**Notes:**
As a youth livestock producer and/or exhibitor, you have a vested interest in: the health of your animal(s), public health, food safety, consumer confidence in the food supply, and market access for the animal(s) you are raising.  The NAIS provides an opportunity for youth producers to take a proactive approach to each of these issuses.

## National Animal ID Importance

***	***_***Protecting animal agriculture***_*** is a ******Big Job****** that can only be successful with ***_***full participation of all livestock producers***_

**Notes:**
Protecting animal agriculture and the food supply, while maintaining consumer confidence is a Big Job that can only be successful with full participation by all livestock producers. We hope you now understand the importance of the NAIS and the need to register the premises where your project animals are located.  If someone else owns the land where your animals are being raised, we hope you will encourage them to call the state or tribal animal health officials and register their premises.

## National Animal ID

***National Animal ID***

- Thank You!

**Notes:**
Thank you for attending this session on the National Animal Identification System.  I would be happy to answer any questions you might have.