# Presentation: 025565

## THE BUSINESS CASE FOR SAFETYAdding Value and Competitive Advantage

- A Joint Initiative of OSHA, Abbott, and
- The Center for Business and Public Policy
- at Georgetown University
- March 2005

**Notes:**
Project started as an outgrowth of our work together on Illinois Healthcare Initiative. Needed a way to explain to Business Community – Business Owners  -- Answer Questions
Why should I care about safety?
What does Safety Excellence look like?
Why is it important to me?
How does it add value and provide me with competitive advantage.
Real Business Cases (short case studies)
Tool to use a variety of ways
Presentation to Managers / Business Leaders, Chamber of Commerce, etc.
Case study for internal use/workshop for larger companies
Business School – interject into material
MBA students
Executive Education
Phase II
We hope to continue to add more cases to build our portfolio in different industries on difference subjects.
An suggestions --- let me know ----

## WHY BE CONCERNED WITH SAFETY?

***Safety is good business***
**Right thing to do...**
- Employee morale / protection of most valuable resource
- Control costs (direct and indirect)
**Safety and health excellence correlates with business excellence** (quality, efficiency, profitability)

**Notes:**
Our fundamental premise is Safety is Good Business – for 2 basic reasons –

Right thing to do
Add value / provides competitive advantage

## EXCELLENCE IN SAFETY & HEALTH Adds Business Value and Competitive Advantage ...

***EXCELLENCE IN SAFETY & HEALTH ******Adds Business Value and Competitive Advantage ...***

**Safety and Health**

**Ability to compete**

**Access to Global Markets**

**Cost and Risk Reduction**

**Enhanced Reputation**

**Employee morale**

**Improved quality**

**Improved efficiency**

**Improved productivity**

**Notes:**
Thus, Safety and Health Add Business Value.
Figure shows many ways that Safety and Health can contribute to an organization’s Strategy.  

## INTEGRATED INTO THE BUSINESS...

***INTEGRATED INTO THE BUSINESS...***

_**Business Value**_

_**Linking steps**_

**Safety is a core value of the company’s culture **
**A systems approach is taken toward safety**
**Safety is integrated throughout the company**
**Employees participate at all levels**

**Corporate Image**
**Ability to Compete**
**Access to Global Markets**
**Employee Morale**
**Efficiency and**
**Productivity**
**Product and**
**Service Quality**
**Cost and Risk Reduction**

**Senior management commitment and involvement**
**Employee active participation**
**Shared goals and accountability**
**Defined roles and responsibilities**
**Common language**
**Effective communication**
**Right resources**
**Balanced performance measures**
**Knowledge sharing and information transfer**

_**Safety and Health Principles**_

**Notes:**
We know that for Safety (or any other function – Quality, etc.) to add value and provide competitive advantage it must be integrated into the business – 
Into the way we do our business on a daily basis and into it’s long term view (Long Range Plan)

## BARRIERS TO INTEGRATION

- Too often:
- Management has a reactive rather than proactive focus
- Lack of understanding (vocabulary)
- Risks & hazards are poorly communicated
- Safety is considered a cost ... not an investment
- Cost/benefit analysis is rarely applied to justify the safety case
- Retrofitting is never as cost-effective as designing it right initially

**Notes:**
These are common barrier we encounter in trying to integrate a culture of safety into a business –

## VALUE CHAIN IMPACTSBusiness Process

**Procurement**

**Design**

**Manufacturing**

**Service**

**End of Life**

**Leverage  supplier relationships**

**Safe and ergonomic  processes**

**High quality and productivity**

**Customer good-will**

**Future assets**

**Notes:**
Contributions to the business by integrating safety can occur throughout the value chain –

## SAFETY IN THE VALUE CHAIN

- Safety and Health issues must be managed throughout the product life-cycle.
- The return on investment for Safety & Health decisions is greatest when the decisions are made early in the life-cycle.

**Notes:**
The value chain is a series (chain) of activities that includes all activities in the product life-cycle.  When attempting to make improvements, each activities is investigated to determine what can be done to increase the value perceived by a customer.  Activities may include inbound logistics, warehouse and storage, production, finished product storage, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and customer service.

## SAFETY EXCELLENCE MODEL requires...

***SAFETY EXCELLENCE MODEL requires...***

**Management **
**Commitment**

**Systems**

**Safety and Health**
**Site Leadership**

**Employee Involvement**

**Notes:**
Excellence in Safety adds value and provides competitive advantage –

What does Excellence in Safety look like?

High quality safety programs have four key aspects common to them all –
Management Commitment
EE Involvement
Safety & Health site leadership
Strong Systems (Policies, Processes, Programs, Procedures)

## MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT MEANS...

- Valuing and caring for human resources
- Demonstrating a visible commitment with continuous involvement
- Setting high expectations and accountability for safety
- Motivating proper behaviors through leadership
*“**Walk the Talk”*
- Providing resources to affect change
- Encouraging employee involvement

**Notes:**
Describing what we mean by Management Commitment

(All about “Leadership”)

## EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT MEANS...

- Shared ownership of and commitment to the program
- Active support of the program
- Accountability for one’s personal safety and that of his/her co-workers

**Notes:**
EE involvement and “Shared Ownership” of the program is fundamental to it’s success –

Without EE’s direct and continued involvement in the safety effort – the Best Processes, Programs, and Procedures are worthless –

## WAYS TO INVOLVE EMPLOYEES...

- Regular communication with employees on the subject of safety, risk, and hazards
- Provide access to information
- Provide ways to participate in the program
- e.g., worksite self inspections, safety and health annual evaluation process, incident investigation
- Provide ways to report hazards, injuries and make recommendations to control hazards

**Notes:**
Many ways to involve EE’s in the safety effort.

## SAFETY AND HEALTH SITE LEADERSHIPKey Criteria

- Multiple Roles
- Leader, Facilitator, Internal Consultant, and Change Agent
- Partner with Management
- Placement and Organizational Structure
- Authority and Responsibility to act when needed
- Knowledge, Skills and Abilities
- Technical expertise
- People skills

**Notes:**
An area that is often overlooked 
Site level safety leadership can be the “tipping point” for the program’s success.

Achieving “Excellence” or failure / mediocrity
Being
Credible with both management and EE’s
Competent (technically) and a motivated leader for the effort.  Many times means the difference between success and failure.

## SYSTEMS

***SYSTEMS***
***Processes, Programs and Procedures***

**REGULATORY**
**ISSUE**
**MANAGEMENT**

**EXTERNAL**
**AUDITS**

**INTERNAL**
**AUDITS**

**HUMAN**
**RESOURCES**
**DEVELOPMENT**

**STRATEGIC**
**PLANNING**

**IDENTIFICATION**
**OF**
**BEST PRACTICES**

**ASSURANCE**

**MANAGEMENT**
**SYSTEMS**

**PLANNING**

**INFORMATION**
**TRANSFER**

**CONSULTING**

**NETWORK**
**COMMUNICATIONS**

**CORPORATE**
**REPORTING**
**-METRICS**
**-BENCHMARKING**

**TRAINING**
**AND**
**DELIVERY**

**H&S POLICY**
**DEVELOPMENT**
**(DIRECT)**

**INPUT INTO OTHER**
**POLICIES & STANDARDS**
**(INDIRECT)**

**ISSUE**
**MANAGEMENT**

**TOOL/PROCEDURE**
**DEVELOPMENT**
**-Incident investiaton**
**-Corrective Action **

**DIRECT**
**SERVICE**

***Abbott Environmental, Health & Safety***

**Notes:**
A model we use at Abbott to describe what we mean by System –

These are “Core Job Responsibilities” for Safety Leadership whether at a plant, division, or corporate level.

## SYSTEMSPerformance Metrics

***SYSTEMS******Performance Metrics***

**Attitudes **
**(set up conditions, behavior)**

**Program Elements**

**Physical conditions**

**Behavior (action)**

**- Perception surveys**

**Training**
**Accountability**
**Communications**
**Planning & Evaluation**
**Roles & Procedures**
**Incident Investigations**

**-Inspections**
**-Audits**
**-Risk assessments**
**-Prevention & control**

**-Observations**
**-Feedback loops**

**Incident or Near Miss**

**OSHA  Recordables**
**Lost Workdays**
**Restricted Workdays**

**Leading metrics**

**Trailing metrics**

***ORC Worldwide  Metrics Taskforce***

**Notes:**
To effectively manage anything –

You first must be able to measure it  --  Safety is no different –

Historically – we have used after the fact “trailing indictors” (measuring “failures”)

Ideal situation is to develop a balanced scorecard of leading and trailing indicators – the Key is to correlate leading with trailing to measure the effectiveness of your efforts.  Maximum value from metrics.

## METRICS - TRAILING INDICATORS Domestic Safety Performance Injury / Illness  1998 – 2003

**Notes:**
 Example data for ,management
 Start by conveying a clear message – GOOD or BAD
 Trend  (+) or (-)
 How your performance compares with your peers –
 Same industry
 General industry (everyone)
 “Best in Class” organizations

## WHAT DO ACCIDENTS COST YOU?

***WHAT DO ACCIDENTS COST YOU?***

**Direct - **
**Insured Costs**

***“******Just the tip of the iceberg******”***

**Unseen costs can sink the ship!**

**Indirect - Uninsured, hidden Costs - Out of pocket**

**Examples:   **
**  ****1. Time lost from work by injured employee.**
**  ****2.  Lost time by fellow employees. **
**  ****3.  Loss of efficiency due to break-up of crew.**
**  ****4.  Lost time by supervisor.**
**  ****5.  Training costs for new/replacement workers.**
**  ****6.  Damage to tools and equipment.**
**  ****7.  Time damaged equipment is out of service.**
**  ****8.  Loss of production for remainder of the day.**
**  ****9.  Damage from accident: fire, water, chemical, explosives, etc. **
**10.  Failure to fill orders/meet deadlines.**
**11.  Overhead costs while work was disrupted. **
**12.  Other ****miscellaneous costs (*****Over 100 other items of cost may appear one or more times with every accident)***
**13.  Others?  ________________________________**

***Unknown Costs - ***

**1.  Human Tragedy**
**2.  Morale**
**3.  Reputation**

**Notes:**
 Important to consider both Direct and Indirect Costs

 You tend to forget about indirect costs because they are difficult to measure – but they can run between 2 to 6 times your direct costs

## SALES TO COVER COSTS*

***SALES TO COVER COSTS****

****Source: OSHA’s Safety Pays Web Site, 2004***

**Notes:**
From the OSHA Safety Pays website.

Another way to view the negative impact of even one accident on the business –

If your profit averages 2% and Direct/Indirect costs total $5,000 then you need an additional 1⁄4 million dollars in sales to break even --

## IMPLEMENTING SAFETY EXCELLENCE 

- Assume all incidents are preventable
- Assume all exposures/risks can be controlled
- Hold management responsible and accountable for preventing injuries
- Involve employees
- Make working safely a condition of employment
- Train employees to work safely
- Promote off-the-job safety
- Audit safety

***Adapted from “Managing Safety: Techniques that Work for the Safety Pro”, DuPont***

**Notes:**

Companies that have demonstrated excellence in safety performance generally have done these things.

## SAFETY’S ROLE IN BUSINESS FUNCTIONS

**FINANCE / ACCOUNTING**

**OPERATIONS**

**SAFETY **
**and HEALTH**

**STRATEGY**

**MANAGEMENT / ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR**

**MARKETING / RISK COMMUNICATION**

***The Center for Business and Public Policy at Georgetown University***

**Notes:**
Safety too often is considered only an operations issue.  
Safety & Health need to be framed in the entire business context.  
Senior management understand business strategy and finance.  Justifications for safety need to consider both the strategic and financial impacts.
Safety problems in the work place generally arise from not considering the organizational culture (e.g., productivity pressures) or from correctly marketing/communicating risks to employees.

## SAFETY’S ROLEStrategy

***Providing a safe workplace is key to meeting business objectives***
- Protecting ***reputation***
***Attracting and retaining*** high potential employees

**Notes:**

These key concepts relate forming Safety’s Value from a business (school) context.

## SAFETY’S ROLEFinancial

- Financial ***cost/benefit analysis*** cases for safety ***must include the “true costs”***
- Direct costs, and
- Indirect “Hidden” costs
- costs from high turnover rates, and
- costs avoided

**Notes:**

 Important that we use financial tolls (Return on Investment (ROI) and Net Present Value (NPV), etc.) and language commonly used by industry / business to describe / communicate value.

## Safety must be considered at every step in the value chain 
Designing safety into a process is cheaper than retrofitting for safety later.
To be able to effectively manage a program and improve safety... measurements must include:
Both Leading and Trailing Indicators
Leading indicators should correlate with trailing ones.

***Designing safety into a process*** is cheaper than retrofitting for safety later.
- To be able to effectively manage a program and improve safety... ***measurements*** must include:
- Both ***Leading and Trailing Indicators***
- Leading indicators should ***correlate***** **with trailing ones.

***SAFETY’S ROLE******Operations***

## SAFETY’S ROLEManagement / Organizational Behavior

***Leadership and employee empowerment*** are keys to creating a ***proactive safety culture***.
***Senior management commitment is critical*** to improving safety
***Promote program results*** both internally and externally

## SAFETY’S ROLEMarketing & Communications

***People are inherently biased*** when it comes to evaluating risks.
***Safety managers must be able to effectively communicate the risks*** to:
- Engage senior management
- Affect employee behavior

## REMEMBER...

-   You will achieve the level of Safety Excellence...
***that ******YOU****** demonstrate you want to achieve...***

## Final Thoughts...

**  “ *****Establishing a safety and health culture that leads to superior performance is not only the right thing to do or the socially responsible thing to do...***
***  ******	******It is also the right economic approach. ***
***  ******	******Reducing workplace injuries and illnesses conserves critical resources and improves the use of those resources.  It saves money, avoids unnecessary costs and ultimately maximizes returns on business investments.”***
**	*****John Henshaw, Assistant Secretary of Labor, OSHA***

## CASE STUDIES

**Notes:**

These case studies have been designed to be used as either

 Part of a PowerPoint presentation (tailored to a particular group) e.g. Construction Safety, Nursing Home.

 Taught in a presentation / workshop format

 Business School case study

## CASE STUDIES

-  Review the ***impact of safety programs on the “bottom line”*** in several industries:
- Construction
- Foundry
- Healthcare (Nursing Homes)
- Auto Parts Manufacturing
- Insurance
- Pharmaceutical

**Notes:**
We are going to discuss how safety affected the bottom line – negatively and positively during the construction of 3 stadiums.  We are also going to discuss how improvements to the safety programs reduced cost of workers compensation at 2 nursing homes.  Finally, we will discuss how an OSHA intervention improved safety at an auto parts manufacturer.

## STADIUM CONSTRUCTION CASE STUDIES

***A number of stadiums were built in the past few years in Region 5.***

**Notes:**
SPEAKER:  Explain what’s going on with stadium construction and why it is so hazardous.

Over the past 5 years several stadiums have been built in Region 5.  Miller Park baseball stadium was built in Milwaukee, Paul Brown football stadium in Cincinnati; and Great American baseball park in Cincinnati.
These are huge construction projects – and can have hundreds of construction workers on site at any one time.  Needless to say, these jobs are hazardous, and if adequate safety measures are not taken – serious events can occur.

A review of these projects will explain how one site suffered a catastrophic event and how safety projects at the other sites resulted not only in preventing employee deaths, but financial benefit to the owners.

## MILLER PARK STADIUM

- 3 workers killed

***July 1999 crane collapse caused the deaths of 3 construction workers.***

*Hours before collapse of “Big Blue”*

*After collapse of “Big Blue”*

**Notes:**
Discuss what happened at the site.  
In July 1999 three workers were killed in a crane collapse during the construction of Miller Park baseball stadium in Milwaukee.  

PRESS RELEASE:
OSHA is issuing willful and serious citations against three firms, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries America, Inc., Lampson International Ltd., and Danny's Construction Company, Inc., with proposed penalties of $240,500, $131,300, and $168,000 respectively.
OSHA's investigation focused on general requirements relating to safe operation of cranes and personnel platforms as well as conditions which may have contributed to the crane collapse. The citations relate to several alleged OSHA violations at the time of the crane collapse as well as unrelated conditions which existed earlier in the day.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, under contract with the project's general contractor HCH, was responsible for installing the retractable roof for the Miller Park baseball stadium and subcontracted with Danny's Construction as the ironworker subcontractor to erect the roof, and Lampson as the subcontractor providing crane services on the project. The collapse occurred while the crane known as "Big Blue" was lifting a section of the stadium roof, "4R block 3," weighing over 450 tons.
OSHA issued willful citations to Mitsubishi alleging that the crane's rated load was exceeded when 4R block 3 was first lifted off the ground during the morning of the lift; that workers were not kept clear of the suspended 450 ton load during the morning of the lift and that workers were hoisted in personnel platforms when weather conditions were dangerous.

## The destruction was extensive

## The Sad Results

- Delayed the opening for One Year
- $100 Million in repairs
- Three construction workers killed, several others injured
- On Dec. 1, 2000, a Milwaukee County jury awarded $94 million in punitive damages and $5.25 million in compensatory damages to the families of three ironworkers killed in the accident. Although the families have been paid $27 million for their loss, the issue of the large punitive damage award is under appeal and in the news every few weeks.

## This did not start this way

- Prior to April of 1999 the Miller Park project was at 27% of premium dollars for injuries at the site.
- As the need to accelerate the production to make the opening day deadline, a dispute over site arose and the then safety director left.
- In the next few months there were serious falls, dropped loads and the death of three workers.

## MILLER PARK STADIUMRESULTS

**	**Original budget$ 322M

**	**Final Cost: **$ 850M+?**
- $413.9M (construction)
- $100M (repairs)
- $27-99M (jury awards)
- $330.8M (interest on bonds)

- Litigation is ongoing with over a Hundred Million Dollars in claims still unresolved.

**Notes:**
The original budget for Miller Park was $322M –

Due to the crane collapse – the final cost, which is still unknown, was $413.9M for construction, $100M for repairs from the collapse (insured).  In addition – the insured will have between $27M and $99M for jury awards to beneficiaries.  Also, the interest on the bonds turned out to be more than the original construction cost.  

## Other Stadium Construction Deaths

- Milwaukee (WI) County Stadium – 1953
- 3 workers killed
- Rosemont (IL) Horizon Arena – 1979
- 5 workers killed
- Seattle (WA) Kingdome – 1994
- 2 workers killed
- Olympic Stadium – Atlanta (GA) - 1995
- 1 worker killed

**Notes:**
Milwaukee County Stadium – 1953
3 workers killed (2 fell 90 feet when container failed while being hoisted by crane) (1 struck-by beam that fell on him)
Rosemont (IL) Horizon Arena – 1979
5 workers killed and 16 injured when a roof collapsed spanning 288 feet
Seattle (WA) Kingdome – 1994
2 workers killed (fell from 225 feet from basket while sandblasting the ceiling – basket struck the ceiling and an extension failed)
Olympic Stadium – Atlanta (GA)
	(a man was welding a bank of lights in a light tower – fell 50 feet)

## Other Stadium Construction Deaths

- Bank One Ballpark – Phoenix (AZ) - 1996
- 1 worker killed
- Philip’s Arena – Atlanta (GA) - 1998
- 2 workers killed
- University of Florida – Gainesville (FL) – 2002
- 1 worker killed
- Ford Field – Detroit (MI) - 2002
- 1 worker killed

**Notes:**
Bank One Ballpark – Phoenix - 1996
1 worker killed (electrocuted when a crane struck a 7,200 volt line)
Philip’s Arena – Atlanta - 1998
2 workers killed (a 19-ton concrete beam fell as it was being hoisted into place in the upper deck)
University of Florida - Gainesville – 2002
1 worker killed (struck by a piece of steel causing him to fall 60 feet)
Ford Field – Detroit Lions - 2002
1 worker killed (painter fell from a hydraulic lift)

## It is not just in the USA

- 19 workers died building the Olympic Facilities in Athens for the 2004 Summer Games.

## PAUL BROWN STADIUM

- OSHA Partnership
- Labor/Management Partnership

- No Fatalities

***Construction took 2-1/2 years and cost $453 million.***

**Notes:**
EXPLAIN CONSTRUCTION OF PAUL BROWN STADIUM – HOME OF THE BENGALS – AND THE MASTER PROJECT.  FOCUS ON THE SAFETY PROGRAMS.

Paul Brown is a football stadium in Cincinnati (Bengals).  It was constructed in 2.5 years for $453M.

OSHA MASTER Project:  Labor/management form a team to perform continuous monitoring and oversite of safety performance.  

Instituted 6 foot fall rule, etc.  

Stadium Facts:
Dimensions: The stadium covers approximately 22 acres and is 157 feet high. 
Seating Capacity: The stadium has 65,535 seats on three levels, including 7,600 club seats and 114 private suites. 
Playing Surface: Natural turf, heated to extend growing season and prevent frozen field. 

## PAUL BROWN STADIUM RESULTS

- Significant decrease in expected injuries:
- 0.95 lost time rate v. 4.0 for construction*
- Significant program savings
- $4.6 million less in workers comp and liability cost than would be expected.
- No fatalities!
- Only one fall injury

****A job-lost time rate of 0.95 is determined first by dividing the number of job-lost time incidents by the number of employee man-hours and then by converting it to an annual rate for 100 full-time employees.  The recordable rate of 5.48 is determined in a similar way but considers the total number of OSHA recordable incidents.***

**Notes:**
DESCRIBE THE OUTCOMES OF THE PARTNERSHIP

## GREAT AMERICAN BALLPARK

- OSHA Partnership

- No Fatalities

***Estimated savings from Owner Control Insurance Program was over $3 million  (1999-2003).***

**Notes:**
7/7/00:  Great American Insurance purchases the naming rights for the Reds' new ballpark. The Reds' new home will be called Great American Ball Park. 
8/1/00:  Demolition begins with the destruction of the walkway connecting Cinergy Field, the Firstar Center and the East parking lot. 
8/1/00:  Construction begins on Great American Ball Park. 

Photo shows 6/01:  portion of what will be the left field seating area takes its shape in poured concrete

Stadium FACTS:
Seating capacity: 42,059

## GREAT AMERICAN BALLPARKRESULTS

- After 1.2 million construction hours, a job-lost time rate of 0.8
- Estimated savings from Owner Control Insurance Program (July 1999-May 2003) was $3.125 million (project is on-going until July 2005)

## Soldier Field

## Results

- The Days away from work cases were at 1.7 per 100 person years, the national average was 3.4.
- This partnership has demonstrated the cooperative effort that can exist between labor unions, construction management, state consultation, insurance carriers/brokers and OSHA.

## Camp Randal RenovationUniversity of Wisconsin Madison

## The results at Camp Randall

- The first year analysis of the OSHA partnership showed a very low rate of injury with a 0.0 lost time incident rate, well below the national average of 3.8 per 100 employees.
- The total case incidence rate of 4.5 per 100 employees below the national average of 7.1 per 100 employees.
- The insurance carrier indicates that the costs are well below half of those expected for the industry.

## Lambeau Field

- Expansion of the existing Stadium, completed on time with construction and football coexisting for two seasons.

- No Fatalities

## Costs of Lambeau Stadium Injuries

- Projected $1.8 Million
- Actual incurred costs including reserves
- $1.27 Million
- A savings of over a half a million dollars

## This fall could have been a fatality

## WISCONSIN  ALUMINUM  FOUNDRY

***Workers Compensation Loss Summary***

**2000**

**2001**

**2002**

**2003**

- 0

- 50

- 100

- 150

- 200

- 0

- 100,000

- 200,000

- 300,000

- 400,000

- 500,000

**166**

**88**

**94**

**23**

**388,970**

**110,012**

**91,059**

**13,814**

**NUMBER OF CLAIMS**

**COST OF CLAIMS**

**# CLAIMS**

**$ CLAIMS**

**(4 months)**

**Notes:**
This company recognized the problem in 2000.  They began implementing controls and redesigning operations.  They have steadily increased safety and health performance reducing injuries and cutting comp costs.  They are a part of a Foundry Partnership in Wisconsin and agreed to share their experience with OSHA and other foundries in the area.

## WISCONSIN  ALUMINUM  FOUNDRY

***Musculoskeletal (MSD) Disorder Cost Analysis***
***1-1-99 thru 10-1-03***

| Body Part | Number | Avg. Cost | Cost Range |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Back | 128 | $2,285 | $81 - $48,851 |
| Arm/Wrist | 39 | $4,941 | $79 - $38,638 |
| Shoulder | 29 | $5,017 | $59 - $52,532 |

**Notes:**
Estimated cost of injuries 99 to 10/03 - $596,000

Total cost of controls in example in excess of $1 Million.   As you will see the controls and systems implemented greatly reduced injuries and illnesses, improved quality and increased productivity. The company claims they recovered costs on all improvements within one year. 

## PROBLEM: Employees in the Finishing Department were sanding 500-1000 castings with many hand movements.  The employee must support the weight of the casting (2-10#) while rotating the casting. 

_**SOLUTION**_**:  One robotic sander installed.**** **
_**COST**_**:  $176,000**
_**COST RECOVERY TIME**_**:  6-12 months**
_**BENEFITS**_**:  Eliminated strain from repetition and force, increased productivity****.**

**BEFORE**

**AFTER**

## BEFORE

_**PROBLEM**_**: Employees were required to use a jack hammer to remove and break up air set core from castings.  Stressors included vibration & bending over for 4-8 hrs/day.**
_**SOLUTION**_**:  A core lump crusher has been purchased to eliminate the use of the jack hammer. **
_**COST**_**:  $51,000**
_**COST RECOVERY TIME**_**:  8-12 months**
_**BENEFITS**_**:  ****Eliminated strain from repetition, vibration and poor posture, and increased productivity and recovery rate.**

**BEFORE**

**AFTER**

## NURSING HOME CASE STUDIES

- Historically, nursing homes have high injury rates.
- Serious injuries are caused by lifting residents.

**Notes:**
BRIEFLY DESCRIBE HOW NURSING HOMES HAVE HIGH RATES OF INJURIES – PRIMARILY DUE FROM RESIDENT HANDLING.

## WYANDOT COUNTY, OHIO NURSING HOME

- History
- Lift equipment installed 1997
- No-lift policy instituted October 2000

**Notes:**
Initial lift equipment was in place January 1997.
A no-lift policy went into effect October 2000.
 This nursing home is written up in Appendix A of the Guidelines for Nursing Homes, OSHA pub #3182, 2003

## WYANDOT COUNTY NURSING HOMERESULTS

- Outcome
- No back injuries since 1997
- Decreased workers compensation
- Less turnover

***A total investment of $155,000 resulted in no back injuries during the past 5 years.***

**Notes:**
While most nursing homes can not invest this much money, nor do they necessarily need to as we will see in the next example, the point of this example is the company saw a return on their investment within two years.  They have eliminated most injuries, decreased workers comp costs, decreased turnover and improved patient care.  

## ILLINOIS NURSING HOME INJURY EXPERIENCE

***ILLINOIS NURSING HOME INJURY EXPERIENCE***

- Hazardous Work: Average nursing home injury and illness rate was 14.2 per 100 full time employees*

**Injury data for the first six months of 2003 provided by Life Services Network Association, a provider of Workers’ Compensation insurance for the non-profit long-term care members of its network *

**Notes:**
As of 2003 here are the average costs of comp claims for nursing homes provided by an insurance carrier that works primarily with nursing homes.

## COUNTRYSIDE (ILLINOIS)CARE NURSING HOME

- Addressed resident handling injuries
- $24,000 for lifting devices
- Enforcement of rules
- Outcomes
- 2002: 76 claims: $115K paid out in comp
- 2003:   4 claims:  $   4K paid out in comp

**Notes:**
COUNTRYSIDE IS A NURSING HOME IN AURORA.  THEY ARE JCAHO CERTIFIED.  

Countryside nursing home wanted to address resident handling injuries that were not only costing them money, but affect resident care.

They nursing facility purchased $24,000 in lifting devices.  They also started focusing on behaviors – how were the CNAs doing their job.  Importantly, the nursing home enforced the use of lifting devices.  For example, if you did not use a lift, you were given 3 days off.  This was policed by lifting committee members.

This home implemented their program in a little over 6 months. Even with a more modest approach they saw similar reductions to Wyandot County Nursing Home in Workers Compensation costs, turnover and claims. Patient care improved. The Illinois Department of Public Health gave them a report with no violations for the nursing home. Their safety and health program is addressing all aspects of the home. Countryside has just been accepted as a SHARP participant.

## AUTO PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (APM) CORPORATION 

- 1988-1994: company growing rapidly
- 350-400 of the 425 employees were temp workers
- OSHA referral from local hospital - treating 2-6 injuries from plant daily

**Notes:**
APM was a fast growing company with a good market for their product.
In order to cut costs the company eliminated the union at the plant.  They replaced the workers with temporary labor employees from Temp Agencies.  They also cut down on middle management and continued to add processes and equipment to the already crowded plant.

As a result of high turnover, lack of training and oversight the quality of the product suffered and injury rates skyrocketed.  Some Temp Agencies refused to provide any more workers.  The company was forced to bus workers in some from 2 hours away to get full coverage in the plant.

## APM: OSHA RECORDABLES FOR 1993

|  | APM |  | Just-In-Time Labor |  | Combined |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | LWDI* | Incident | LWDI | Incident | LWDI | Incident |
| Recordable | 7 | 57 | 62 | 88 | 67 | 160 |
| Rate | 1.8 | 14.8 | 16.1 | 22.8 | 17.4 | 41.5 |

- _Private Industry, 1992:_ 3.9 LWDI Incident Rate, 8.9 OSHA Recordable Cases
- _All Manufacturing, 1992:_ 5.4 LWDI Incident Rate, 12.5 OSHA Recordable Cases

**LWDI rates have since been replaced by Days Away, Restricted, Transferred (DART).  This change was made to improve the information collected about the incidence of occupational injuries and illnesses.*

**Notes:**
When data were collected, the measure was LWDI.  This standard has since been replaced with Days Away, Restricted, Transferred (DART) Rate to improve the information collected about the incidence of occupational injuries and illnesses  

## APM RESULTS

- OSHA inspection conducted in 1995
**Company fined $1.2M**
**Willful violations**
- Under new management in 1997
- Incident rate: 9.8 versus 41.5 (1993)
- 12-month period with no loss time injuries

**Notes:**
As a result of the referral from the Doctor; OSHA conducted an inspection.  The company agreed to implement a safety and health program.  Customers also intervened over the quality of the product and found a buyer for the company.  Significant changes have been implemented at at the plant.

## BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD Rhode IslandOFFICE ERGONOMICS

- According to OSHA’s statistics, MSDs (carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, and back injuries) are frequent and expensive
- 34% of all lost workday incidents
- $1 of every $3 of workers comp
- Improved ergonomics program
- Increased evaluations
- Worked with every department internally
- Worked with furniture vendors and WC carrier

**Notes:**
Ergonomic injuries can occur anywhere.  Here is an example of an office environment where MSDs were a problem.  This is one of the examples from the OSHA Web site.  This company is keenly aware of the cost of injuries.  They reviewed their data and took steps to address problem areas. They implemented an ergonomics program.

## BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD RIRESULTS

| Year | Ergo Evaluations | MSD WC Cases w/ Lost Days | Lost Work Days |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1999 | 270 | 8 | 345 |
| 2000 | 480 (+77%) | 6 (-25%) | 104 (-72.5%) |
| 2001 | 584 (+21.7%) | 4 (-33%) | 91 (-12.%) |
| 2002 | 498 (-14.7%) | 1 (-75%) | 89 (-2.2%) |

**Notes:**
As you can see they were very successful in reducing the number of cases.  As part of their program they did evaluations of work stations and addressed any issues they found.  By addressing the work stations and their setup they were able to quickly make significant improvements.

## ABBOTT FLEET SAFETY

- Sales force exposure is high risk and low profile
- Non-traditional focus area for safety
- 22,000 sales representatives worldwide
- 4,500 sales representatives in Pharmaceutical Products Division (Largest Domestic Division)
- Program targeted new hires, mid-level managers, and high-risk drivers
- One-day training provided (morning in class, afternoon behind-the-wheel)

## ABBOTT FLEET SAFETY RESULTS Trained vs. Untrained 

**BTW – Behind-the-Wheel**

**Notes:**
Prior to 1999 no “Behind the Wheel” training was 
being provided.

## ABBOTT FLEET SAFETY RESULTS 3rd Party Liability & Workers Compensation ExpenseCost Per Employee - 1995-2001

## ABBOTT ERGONOMIC IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING

- New product line (A pump) similar to old product (X pump)
- Cheapest alternative is to design new line similar to old line
- Capital costs for A-pump line: $100,000
- Additional investments in Ergonomic material handling controls: $20,000
- Portable lifting tables, product handling turntables, single shelf product carts, conveyor systems, foot rests, ergonomic chairs, automated presses, tool fixturing, and grip enhancements

## ABBOTT RESULTS

- X pump line manually intensive
- 2000: 4 WC incidents     $122.0 K (total)
- 2001: 1 WC incident         $22.0 K
- 2002: 1 WC incident           $0.8 K
- 2003: 1 WC incident           $2.5 K
- Ergonomics were ***incorporated in at the design phase*** of the project

## ABBOTT INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE IN PROCESS DESIGN

- Previously outsourced process step for active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) to Third Party Manufacturer (TPM)
- Production unit lacked appropriate process containment equipment
- Industrial hygiene analysis financially justified purchase of potent API process equipment
- TPM: ~$450 K annually
- In-house:~$100 K in capital
- ~$150 K annual savings
***Industrial Hygiene program was key in our ability to take advantage of this strategic opportunity***

## This slide intentionally

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## SAFETY IS NOT AN EXPENSE --

**SAFETY IS NOT AN *****EXPENSE *****--**
**IT IS AN *****INVESTMENT***