# Presentation: 020050

## Federal CIO Council’s IT Summit 2007

**Importance of Spectrum Management and Use to the CIO’s Overall IT Enterprise Portfolio  - *****“Connecting the Dots on the Radio ******Spectrum to an Agency's Enterprise”***
- Byron K. Barker
**Chief, Strategic Planning Division**
**Office Of Spectrum Management**
**www.ntia.doc.gov **
**October  9, 2007**

**Notes:**
Got Spectrum?  
Many DoD architectures reflect wireless connectivity and information/data exchanges with a “lightening bolt”
Does your architecture reflect the proper interfaces to ensure that your spectrum requirements are known such that they can be addressed and are factored in to overall spectrum supportability? 
The Defense Spectrum Organization was established to provide strategic planning for DoD Spectrum Management and we are looking at major transformation in how spectrum is both accessed and used.  This will most likely affect every architecture represented here today.

Also please note that there are two graphics on this page—one from the Department of Commerce and one from the National Telecommunications and Information Adminstration (which is a part of Commerce)

## Wireless In Our World

**Wireless In Our World**

**Notes:**
When I use the term WIRELESS, the images on the screen are very familiar to you and give a general depiction of what we normally think of as key capabilities in the WIRELESS WORLD. 
They are an integral part of our lives today and play a critical part to supporting our national interests. Photos include fighter jets, cars with romotes, wireless mouses, cell phones, satellite phones and personal digital assistants.

## An Example of the Future:How Networks Will be Seamless to Operations – One Spectrum!  

- Video not provided

## What’s Different

**Mobile Subscriber – Fixed Infrastructure**
**Pre-configured Networks**
**Tall, Fixed Antenna Towers**
**Fiber optic Inter-nodal Connections**
**Fixed Frequency Assignments**
**Interference Rejection somewhat Important**
**Detection not an issue**

**Mobile Subscriber – Mobile Infrastructure**
**Ad-Hoc, Self-organizing Networks**
**Small, Easily Erectable Masts; Low Profile OTM Antennas**
**Mobile, Wireless, Inter-nodal Connections**
**Restricted Frequency Assignments, Geographically Impacted**
**Interference Rejection and Anti-jam are Critical**
**Low Probability of Detection (LPI) is Critical**

_**Fixed**_

_**Tactical **_

**Fixed**
**Frequency**
**Assignments**

**Restricted,**
**Negotiated**
**Frequency**
**Assignments**

**Robust, Static, **
**Homogeneous,**
**Mixed-media**
**Infrastructure**

**Highly**
**Mobile, Radio-based,**
**Heterogeneous**
**Infrastructure**

**Notes:**
The environment of the warfighter is extremely challenging from a spectrum perspective.  Users are highly mobile to include high-speed airborne platforms and ships at sea.  The networks that support the users must, in many cases, be established where there was nothing before.  The networks are mobile and once established the network is constantly changing in composition and in participants.  Frequency assignments may be dynamic and other operational needs are unique to the warfighting world, such as the need to have anti-jam capabilities and to operate with a low probability of detection.

This slide has several graphics in it including sattelite dishes, warships, helicopters etc...

## IT Enterprise Functions

**Spectrum **
**Management **

** ****Spectrum Equip Certification**
** ****Frequency Assignments**
** ****Host Nation Coordination **
** ****De-confliction**
** ****Electromagnetic Compatibility**

**IT Enterprise Functions**

***Enterprise Services Management ***

***Network***
***Management***

***Spectrum ***
***Management***

***SATCOM Management ***

**Operational/**
**Mission**
**Planning**

** ****Modeled Spectrum **
**  ****Environment**
** ****Projected Interference**
** ****Coordination with other Agencies or Host Nations**

***Spectrum Management is an essential function for:***
***“******Ensuring effective and efficient processing, (wireless) connectivity, routing***
***   ******and information flow”***
***“******Rapid, flexible deployment of (wireless) networked resources”***

***Systems***
***Management ***

***Applications***
***Management***

**Notes:**
 First, Spectrum Management is identified as one of the information technology functions of Enterprise Services Management (ESM). The sub-functions listed in the middle of the diagram breakout spectrum management functions in more detail and are provided to reflect the diverse activities that must be addressed to assure spectrum access.
 Two of the ESM functions identified are mentioned with “wireless” added for emphasis to highlight how essential spectrum management is to comprehensive ESM.
 It should be clear to all that we can’t manage the enterprise network without addressing spectrum.
 A key step toward Spectrum Mgt is its integration with Network Mgt.  Network Mgt is focused on network performance and availability
 Includes network planning and resources management
 Spectrum Mgt also includes collecting requirements, and obtaining and allocating (frequency) resources.
 Traditionally considered as part of initial network planning and engineering functions.
 Historically, not part of network operations
 Follow-on changes presumed to be few and limited
 Only changed as a result of interference or change in the network
For the future, it is expected that:
 Many different networks merged
 Increasing ops tempo
 Changes in spectrum requirements will be constant
 Spectrum must be viewed as a network resource
 Needs allocated, coordinated, monitored and controlled in real-time like all other network resources

 Emerging technologies dictate a fundamental change in frequency assignment process
 Software defined radios
 Dynamic radio frequency assignments
 Mobile ad hoc networking

 Real-time decision authority can be given to the radio while constraints still controlled centrally
 Monitoring and control of spectrum becomes a component of network management

## Spectrum Reality:

**Spectrum Reality:**
***Balancing between Competing Domains***

**Assuring Spectrum Access**
**Is Essential to National Security, **
**Public Safety and Economic Opportunities**

**US**
**Spectrum**
**Management**

**Notes:**

Regulation 
 A finite resource
 Controlled within each nation as that nation’s sovereign right. 
 Its experiencing rapid changes due to forces in the legislative, market, and technology domains.  
S&T
In a period of accelerating technological change
 Federal agencies must continually leverage technological improvements.  
 Technological efforts must be fostered to gain more capacity from given amounts of spectrum
 Permit effective sharing of the spectrum by diverse federal, civil, and commercial systems.
Market Forces
Dramatic growth of commercial sector uses for the spectrum, driven in part by the explosion in information technology  
The economic importance of spectrum to commercial users is a reality on a global basis.   
Legislation
The legislative pressures to reallocate and auction additional portions of the spectrum, previously allocated exclusively to the Government, to commercial interests will continue.  

## President’s Spectrum Policy Initiative 

*“**The existing legal and policy framework for spectrum management has not kept pace with the dramatic changes in technology and spectrum use.”*
**- ****President George W. Bush, Presidential Memorandum, ****May 29, 2003**** **
- Committed the Administration to develop a comprehensive U.S. spectrum policy for the 21st century
- The Secretary of Commerce was charged to lead this initiative

**Notes:**
This page has a graphic of President Bush giving a speech in front of a sign that says “America’s Innovation Economy”.

## Technology - Wireless Demand - Spectrum

**Constrained             Resource**

**Continuing Development of New Wireless **_**Technologies**_** **

**Continued Growth in Demand for Wireless **_**Applications**_** **

***A New Paradigm is Needed for Spectrum Management***

**=**

***“******Stressed”***
***Access***

**Notes:**
This slide has a graphic of the guts of a computer with arrows pointing towards it that basically say that the Continued Grown in Demand for Wireless Apps and the Continuing Development of new Wireless Technologies equal “Stressed Access”. 

## Spectrum Management Must Change

**Large-Scale Ad Hoc Network Complexity is Beyond Conventional Static Frequency Planning **
**Ever Changing Membership, Extent, Topology, Routing, ...**
**Varying Demand, Multiple QOS Require Adaptive Solutions**
**Not Enough Spectrum to Provide for All Possibilities**
**Planning is at least N****2**

**Up to 50 clusters**

**Up to 50 nodes**

**Other Compounding Factors**
**Competing Interests – Public Safety, Economic Security, etc**
**Asymmetric Operations**
**Coalition Partners**
**Finite Resource**

**Notes:**
The net-centric environment is the framework for full human and technical connectivity and interoperability that allows DoD users and mission partners to share the information they need, when they need it, in the form they can understand and act on with confidence.   Hence, the net-centric SM objective is to provide wireless system users, Warfighters and decision makers with “spectrum on demand.”  In a net-centric environment, EM spectrum will be made available to all DoD entities through a distributed networked SM capability.  EM spectrum will be available and accessible to spectrum-dependent systems when and where it is needed and without delay thus allowing authorized users to utilize the electromagnetic spectrum at the right place and at the right time to accelerate decision cycles and enable joint warfighting concepts.   
The goals of net-centricity – empowering users through access to trusted information shared in a trusted environment – drive this SM strategy.  The strategy complements and builds on related net-centric efforts involving bandwidth enhancements, the development of enterprise services and the implementation of information assurance and data strategies. 

##  Spectrum Management Challenges

_**Long Setup Times:**_
**Engineering for thousands of assignments**
**Extensive coordination**
_**Tactical Planning**_**:  Extensive and cumbersome  for each engagement, contingency, and AOR**
_**Spectrum Inflexibility**_**:  Static assignments dictate paucity  in dynamic, RF rich environments**
_**Spectrum Scarcity:**_** Throughput limitations due to spectrum bandwidth constraints**
_**Sub-Optimization**_**:  Restricted by existing practices**

_**Near-Zero Setup Time**_**:**
**Configure system operating parameters via software**
**Standards approach will enable pre-coordinated agreements**
_**Adaptive Tactical Planning**_**:  Automated adaptation to regional, local, and tactical policies**
_**Dynamic Spectrum Management:**_** Provides assured access to and efficient utilization of spectrum**
_**Spectrum Utilization Optimized**_**:  Access spectrum at the right place and at the right time.**
_**Spectrum enables network integration to the last “tactical” mile:**_
**Seamless and synchronized**
**Minimizes Spectrum “Fratricide”**

**Today**

**Future**

**“****Gaps”**

**Notes:**
 As depicted here, our legacy approach to spectrum management has severe drawbacks: 
 It’s hard and it takes too long
 It does not allow agility
 The Spectrum is constrained and there’s not enough to go around
 It’s not as efficiently used as it could be

 In a TRANSFORMED Spectrum Management environment, we would enable: 
 Assured access
 Immediate adaptation
 Optimized utilization 

##  Need for a Spectrum Strategy

**Spectrum**
**Mgmt**
**Strategic**
**Plan**

**Change Drivers**
**Others.......**

** ****Near Real-time Coordination**
** ****Automated Adaptation to  **
**  ****Environment**
** ****Spectrum Access Transparency**

**Future**
** ****Spectrum**
**Management**
** ****Architecture**

** ****Need for a Spectrum Strategy**

**Implementation**
**Plan**
**Required Actions  Necessary to Achieve SM Strategic Goals**

**Spectrum Requirements and Trends**

**Transition Plan & Spectrum Roadmap**

**Your Department’s**
**Enterprise Architecture**

**SPECTRUM POLICY FOR THE 21****st**** CENTURY – ****The Implementation Plan**** to Carryout the ****President’s Spectrum Policy Initiative and Direction**
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
- DONALD L. EVANS, SECRETARY
- MICHAEL D. GALLAGHER, ASSISTANT SECRETARY
- FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION
- MAY 2005

**Presidential**
** ****Spectrum**
** ****Initiative**

**Notes:**
We, being the federal government (agencies), must collectively work together on identifying our spectrum needs, come up with goals and objectives that we achieve together in improving our business of spectrum mgmt. This should result in devising a common framework that we can pursue successfully in achieving a desired state where spectrum access is optimally shared and transparent to us.

## SM Strategic Plan

**Spectrum Management Architecture**

**“****As Is”**

**“****To Be”**

**	****Current****	**_**Near-Term**_**	**_**Mid-Term**_**	**_**Far-Term**_

**Spectrum Management Transition Plan **

**Desired SM Capabilities**

**Required Technology Insertion**

**SM Strategic Plan**

**Building a Migration Strategy**
***“******The major steps to reaching your vision”***

**Notes:**
This page has a graphic demonstrating the AS IS to the TO BE strategic plan for Spectrum Management Architecture. 

## Strategic Planning & Technology Helps the SM Challenge

**Strategic Planning & Technology Helps the SM Challenge**

**Today**

**Near-term**

**Future**

- Pre-set Waveforms
- Pre-loaded Frequencies

- Policy & Rules Built-in
- Awareness of Location & Network allows adaptive use

- Sense EM Environment
- Self-Adjusting

**Increasing “Smart” Radio Capabilities**

**Accessible Spectrum to meet Future Needs**

**Notes:**
Software Defined Radios will be a key enabler of our Spectrum Management Transformation.  SDR will allows us to initially program radios to operate in accordance with existing policies and rules and to be aware of their geographic location so that they comply with regulatory constraints within various regions of operation.  Ultimately, they will enable us to have RF-dependent systems that sense the EM environment and transparently self-adjust with regard to spectrum use in providing operational capabilities. 

## Directions & Initiatives

- Policy
**Presidential Spectrum Mgmt Initiative**
**Federal Strategic Spectrum Plan**
- Technology
**Automation of Spectrum Processes – Federal Spectrum Management System (FSMS)**
**Shared Spectrum Information Environment **
**Dynamic Spectrum Access**
- Strategic Planning for Future SM Capabilities
**Federal Strategic Spectrum Mgmt Plan**
**Federal Spectrum Management Architecture**
**Spectrum Roadmap for New Policies, Rules, and Standards**

**Notes:**
We are engaged on multiple fronts to achieve the long-term goal of Transformed Spectrum Management.  These front include the Policy front, the Technology front, and the Strategic Planning front.
POLICY:  With regard to policy, we are engaged in the full range of International and National spectrum management forums, to include the various groups associated with the President’s Spectrum Policy Initiative.
TECHNOLOGY:  With regard to Technology, we have a major effort established under our Emerging Spectrum Technology Program where we are reaching out to industry, academia, and laboratories to both survey current efforts and hopefully influence future efforts.
STRATEGIC PLANNING:  With regard to Strategic Planning, we published several years ago the DoD SM Strategic Plan that outlines our goals and objectives.  We are currently heavily engaged in developing the Defense Spectrum Management Architecture, which we anticipate will be leverage greatly by all Federal users.  Two specific programs that will move us down the road to Transformed Spectrum Management are the GEMSIS and S3 programs

## Questions/Discussion