# Presentation: 272498

## Mission Aircrew CourseChapter 14: Crew Resources Management(Feb 2005)

**Mission Aircrew Course****Chapter 14: Crew Resources Management****(Feb 2005)**

## P-2028 DISCUSS CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (S, P)

**Aircrew Tasks**

## Discuss the fundamentals of Crew Resource Management (CRM)
Discuss failures and error chain. {O; 14.2}
Discuss situational awareness. {O; 14.3}
Discuss how to regain SA once lost. {14.4}
Describe barriers to communications.      {O; 14.5}
Define/discuss task saturation. {O; 14.6}
Discuss assignments and coordination of duties. {O; 14.8}

**Discuss failures and error chain. {O; 14.2}**
**Discuss situational awareness. {O; 14.3}**
**Discuss how to regain SA once lost. {14.4}**
**Describe barriers to communications.      {O; 14.5}**
**Define/discuss task saturation. {O; 14.6}**
**Discuss assignments and coordination of duties. {O; 14.8}**

**Objectives**

## Why CRM?

**Properly trained aircrew members can collectively perform complex tasks better and make more accurate decisions than the single best performer on the team**
**An untrained team's overall performance can be significantly worse than the performance of its weakest single member**
**We will cover behavior and attitudes of teamwork and communication among team members**

## Why CRM?

_**CAP**_**	****	****	**_**1996**_**	**_**1997**_**	**_**1998**_**	**_**1999**_**	**_**2000**_**	**
**Aircraft accidents****	****9****	****5****	****6****	****3****	****1****	**
**Per 100,000 hours****	****7.79****	****4.16****	****4.76****	****2.34****	****0.94****	**
**A/C flight incidents****	****28****	****27****	****19****	****12****	****16****	**
**A/C ground incidents****	****7****	****8****	****3****	****6****	****8****	**
**Fatalities****	****	****	****7****	****2****	****3****	****2****	****0****	**

## Why CRM?

_**MISHAP**_**	****	**_**1998**_**	****	**_**1999**_**	****	**_**2000**_**	**
**Taxi****	****	****	****9****	****	****4****	****	****9****	**
**Ground****	****	****4****	****	****6****	****	****3****	**
**Landing****	****	****8****	****	****8****	****	****10****	**
**Other****	****	****4****	****	****3****	****	****2**

## Failures

**Parts and equipment****.**
- Mechanical failures
**People.**
- Human failures

**Notes:**
14.2
Objective 14.1 – Discuss failures and the error chain.

## The Error Chain

**A series of event links that, when considered together, cause a mishap**
**Should **_**any**_** **_**one**_** of the links be “****broken****,” then the mishap probably will not occur**
**It is up to each crewmember to ****recognize**** a link and break the error chain**

**Notes:**
14.2
Objective 14.1 – Discuss failures and the error chain.

## Situational Awareness (SA)

**Know what is going on around you at all times**
**Requires:**
**Good mental health**
**Good physical health**
**Attentiveness**
**Inquisitiveness**

**Notes:**
14.3
Objective 14.2 – Discuss situational awareness.

## Loss of SA

-  **Strength of an Idea**
** ****Hidden agenda**
** ****Complacency**
** ****Accommodation**
** ****Sudden Loss of Judgement**

## Symptoms of Loss of SA

** ****Fixation**
** ****Ambiguity**
** ****Complacency**
** ****Euphoria**
** ****Confusion**
** ****Distraction**
** ****Overload**

## Hazardous Attitudes

**Anti-authority**
** ****Impulsiveness**
** ****Invulnerability**
** ****Macho**
** ****Resignation**
** ****Get There It-us**

## Regaining SA

**  ****Reduce workload: ****Suspend the mission.**
** ****Reduce threats:**
**Get away from the ground and other obstacles (e.g., climb to a safe altitude).**** **
**Establish a stable flight profile where you can safely analyze the situation.**** **
** ****Remember: ****“Aviate, Navigate, Communicate”**

**Notes:**
14.4
Objective 14.3 - Discuss how to regain SA once lost.

## How do we get it back?

**  ****Trust your gut feelings**
** “****Time Out,” “Abort,” or “This is Stupid.”**
**Pilot establishes aircraft in a safe and stable configuration, and then discuss the problem**
** ****Sterile Cockpit**
**Limit talk to the minimum necessary for safety.**
**Taxi, takeoff, departure, low-level flying, approach, landing**

**Notes:**
14.4
Objective 14.3 - Discuss how to regain SA once lost.

## QUESTIONS?

## Barriers to Communication

** ****Hearing**
**The biological function of receiving sounds, converting them to electrical impulses, and having the brain interpret them**
** ****Listening**
**Correctly identifying what the sender has sent in their message**

**Notes:**
14.5
Objective 14.4 – Discuss barriers to communication.

## Barriers to Communication

** ****Distracters**
**Physical/Mental:  Noise, static, simultaneous transmissions; fatigue and stress**
**Wording:  Incomplete or ambiguous message, too complex or uses unfamiliar terminology**
**Personal:  Boring, lack of rapport or lack of credibility**

## Task Saturation

** ****Too much information at one time**
** ****Too many tasks to accomplish in a given time**
** ****Usually occurs when an individual is   confronted with a new or unexpected situation and loses SA**

**Notes:**
14.6
Objective 14.5 – Define and discuss task saturation.

## Task Saturation

** ****Keep your workload to an acceptable level**
** ****If you feel overwhelmed, **_**tell**_** the others before becoming saturated and losing you situational awareness**
** ****Watch your team members for signs of saturation**

## Identification of Resources

** ****External and internal**
** ****Identify your resources, know where to find them, and how to use them to accomplish the mission**

## Assignment of Duties

** ****CAPR 60-3**
** ****Flight-related -- aircraft commander**
** ****Mission-related -- mission commander**

**Notes:**
14.8
Objective 14.6 – Discuss assignments and coordination of duties.

## Crew Coordination

** ****Understand and execute your assignments**
** ****Communicate**
** ****Question**

## Summary

**Pay close attention to all briefings**
**Understand the “big picture”**
**Watch for task overload in yourself and other crewmembers**
**67% of air transport accidents occur during 17% of the flight time - taxi, takeoff, departure, approach and landing.  Keep casual conversation and distractions to a minimum during these phases of flight.**
**Begin critical communications with instructions, then explain**

## Summary

**Successful missions hinge on each and every crewmember**
**Learn how to use the procedures and tools available to you, and use them correctly**
**Never stop learning**
**Don’t be afraid to ask questions**
**Never criticize someone for asking questions**
**Anyone can call “****Time Out****,” “****Abort****,” or “****This is Stupid****”**
**Remember that the Mission Pilot must make the final decision based on the crew’s input.**

## Questions?