# Presentation: 696995

## Data Changes from GOES-12/NOP Imagers

- Timothy J. Schmit
- NOAA/NESDIS/STAR (formerly ORA)
- SaTellite Applications and Research (STAR)
-   Advanced Satellite Products Team (ASPT)
- in collaboration with the
- Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS)
- Madison, WI

- UW-Madison

*Satellite Direct*
*Readout Users*
*Conference for the Americas*
*12 December 2002*

## Data Changes from GOES-12/NOP Imagers

- X-ray image of the Sun was taken by the SXI                                  instrument onboard GOES-12

- http://www.sec.noaa.gov/sxi/

**GOES-12 Imager Changes**
**	****- Spectral**
**	****- Spatial**
**GOES-N/O/P Changes**
**	****- Less outages**

## Spectral ranges for the GOES-8/11 (top bars) and GOES-12+ (bottom bars) Imagers. 

- Spectral ranges for the GOES-8/11 (top bars) and GOES-12+ (bottom bars) Imagers.

- sample high spectral-resolution earth emitted spectra

## GOES Imager bands

**GOES Imager bands**

## GOES Imager 6.7 um vs 6.5 um

**GOES Imager 6.7 um vs 6.5 um**

## GOES Imager Bands 4, 5, 6

**GOES Imager Bands 4, 5, 6**

## GOES-8 Imager data -- native perspective

## GOES-12 Imager data -- native perspective

## GOES-12 Imager comparisons

- After accounting for spectral response differences, the imager brightness temperatures are similar to those from operational satellites.

- The improved spatial resolution on the water vapor images from GOES-12 are evident (4 km detectors, as opposed to the 8 km detectors).

**Notes:**
Figure from Scoot B. 
The improved spatial resolution on the water vapor images from GOES-12 are evident. For the water vapor band, GOES-12 has 4 km detectors, as opposed to the 8 km detectors on GOES-8/11. Other image differences include viewing geometry and spectral response function widths. For a loop of images comparing GOES-12 and GOES-8 http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/011119/011120_g12_g08_wv_anim.html

Figure from Mat G.
Researchers at the CIMSS compared the GOES-12 Imager to GOES-10 Imager at the mid-point between satellites (0N, 112.5W) on November 6, 2001 at 0900 UTC when the two imagers shared the same schedule.  The results show good agreement in bands 2 (4 um), 3 (6.7/6.5 um), and 4 (11 um) when the spectral responses are taken into account.  This was done by calculating the forward model brightness temperature for each of these bands on both instruments for the tropical standard atmosphere for a local zenith angle of 25 degrees.  The forward model brightness temperatures were subtracted from the averaged measured brightness temperatures for a 961 pixel box centered at 0N, 112.5W which then yields brightness temperature differences (GOES-12 minus GOES-10) of -0.4 K, 0.1 K, and -0.2 K in bands 2, 3, and 4 respectively.

## Slide 10

**Notes:**
Examples of the improved water vapor imagery on GOES-12 The improved spatial resolution on the water vapor images from GOES-12 is evident in comparisons with GOES-10 and GOES-8. Water vapor boundaries appear smoother on GOES-12, and small scale features such as mountain waves are better resolved. For the water vapor band, GOES-12 has 4 km detectors, as opposed to the 8 km detectors on GOES-8/11, although image differences are also due to viewing geometry and the different spectral response function widths. Image examples comparing GOES-12 to GOES-10 and GOES-8 (including a Java animation) can be viewed at http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/011119/011119.html (S. Bachmeier, T. Schmit)

## GOES-8/12 Imager comparisons

**GOES-8/12 Imager comparisons**

## GOES-12

- GOES-10

- Both water vapor images are shown in their native projections.

*http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/011119/011119.html*

## The GOES-12/10/08 weighting functions calculated from the 19 September 00UTC Albuquerque NM rawinsonde profile, the theoretical water vapor channel brightness temperatures should have been about 3.5 degrees warmer on GOES-12 than on GOES-10/08.

- Average satellite brightness temperatures measured over the mountain wave signature region were about 3 degrees K warmer on GOES-12 than on GOES-10/08.

## GOES-12 Imager -- Visible

**Notes:**
A GOES-12 Imager Full Disk visible image.

## GOES-12 Imager -- IR window

**Notes:**
A GOES-12 Imager Full Disk IR window image

## GOES-12 Imager -- 13.3 μm

**Notes:**
A GOES-12 Imager Full Disk CO2 image. Note this is before the scan mirror emissivity corrections.

## GOES-12 Imager -- Cloud Top Pressure

**Notes:**
A preliminary GOES-12 Imager Full Disk cloud-top pressure image. There’s also good correlation with GOES-8 images (not shown). The lack of the 12 um may impact finding some low clouds.

Possible uses:

NWP assimilation

Aviation interests

ASOS support

cloud  climatology

## GOES-12 Sounder -- Cloud Top Pressure

**Notes:**
A GOES-12 Sounder Full Disk CTP image. Note the smaller spatial coverage. Also note the good correlation with the Imager product.

## Expected product changes

- Note: Most GOES Imager data or products are not affected by these changes (most imagery, infrared-only products, visible products, etc).

## Expected product changes

## GOES Imager spatial resolution characteristics.

**GOES Imager spatial resolution characteristics.**

**(GOES-8/11 values are from Menzel and Purdom 1994)**

## Limitations of Current GOES  Imagers

- Regional/Hemispheric scan conflicts
- Low spatial resolution
- Missing spectral bands
- Eclipse and related outages

**GOES-N/O/P will supply data through the eclipse periods.**
- The spacecraft batteries are specified to be large enough to run through eclipse.
- Shields have been added to the secondary mirror spiders.

## No data!

**and the Keep-Out-Zone**

- GOES-8
- (~3 hours of data outage)

- No data!

- GOES-N+
- (~0 hours of data outage)

## GOES-O – improved spatial resolution of the 13.3 um band.

- 4 km

- 1 km

- 8 km

- 2 km

## More information: 

- NWA article:
*Schmit, T. J., E. M. Prins, A. J. Schreiner, and J. J. Gurka, 2001: Introducing the GOES-M imager. Volume 25, Nos 3,4, Nat. Wea. Assoc. Digest.*
- GOES-12 web pages
*http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/g12_report/*
*http://www.cira.colostate.edu/ramm/goesm/test_results.htm*
- GOES spectral response functions and GOES-M changes:
*http://www.oso.noaa.gov/goes/goes-calibration/change-channels.htm*
- COMET page on GOES channels:
*http://meted.ucar.edu/satmet/goeschan/index.htm*
- SXI and space weather:
*http://www.sec.noaa.gov/sxi/*
- GOES-12 Imager VISITview session (and a NOAA Technical Memo) are being developed.