# Presentation: 381954

**GLONASS Update**
**CGSIC – 45****th**** Meeting**
- Long Beach Renaissance Hotel, Long Beach CA, 13.09.2005

*Federal Space Agency*

- V.Klimov, V.Persev		Federal Space Agency
**S.Revnivykh,** V.Mitrikas	Central Research Institute of Machine building
- V.Kossenko, V. Zvonar	Scientific and Industry Corporation of Applied Mechanics
- V.Dvorkin, E.Andruschak	Russian Research Institute of Space Device Engineering
- A.Tyulyakov		Russian Institute of Radionavigation and Time
- ______________________________________________________________________

## GLONASS is a strategic element of the national security issue 
GLONASS is a dual-use system
No direct user fees for civil GLONASS service
Open access to the GLONASS civil signal structure for user equipment manufacture, applications development and value-added services
Combine GLONASS/GPS receivers use on the Russian territory
Compatibility and interoperability of GLONASS with GPS and future GALILEO
Development of the GNSS global market
Since 2006 binding equipment of Russian users by GLONASS or combine receivers only

**GLONASS is a dual-use system**
**No direct user fees for civil GLONASS service**
**Open access to the GLONASS civil signal structure for user equipment manufacture, applications development and value-added services**
**Combine GLONASS/GPS receivers use on the Russian territory**
**Compatibility and interoperability of GLONASS with GPS and future GALILEO**
**Development of the GNSS global market**
**Since 2006 binding equipment of Russian users by GLONASS or combine receivers only**

**State Policy Principles**

## GLONASS State Policy Sources

**GLONASS State Policy Sources**

**Decree of the President , 1999**
**Decision of the Government, 1999**
**Federal GLONASS Program for 2002-2011, approved by the Government, August 2001**
**State concept of the Russian United Positioning, Time and Navigation Service System, October 2004:**
**GLONASS is a key element of the Positioning, Time and Navigation Service**

## Federal GLONASS Program Directions

**Sustainment and development of GLONASS system ****(Roscosmos, MOD):**
**Minimal operation capability (18 satellites) by 2008**
**Full operation capability (24 satellites) by 2010-2011**
**Development and production preparation of the GNSS user equipment for civil and governmental users ****(Agency of Industry, MOD)**
**Combined GNSS receivers**
**Integrated systems based on GNSS techniques**
**Components manufacture**
**Navigation technology introduction in the transport infrastructure ****(Transport Agencies of MOT)**
**Geodesy system modernization ****(Mapping Agency of MOT)**

**Combined Federal Mission Oriented Program – **
**directly funded from **
**the Federal Budget with annual adjustment**

## Positioning, Navigation and Time Approach

**Positioning, Navigation and Time Approach**

**Fundamental Basis for PNT**

**Navigation Field Generation**

**Legal Issues and Control**

**Use and Application**

**ITS infrastructure**

**Federal GLONASS Program**

**State Program of Arming**

**Federal Program of Modernization**
** ****of Transport Infrastructure**

**Federal Space Program**

**Federal Program Electronic Russia**

**...**

**State Program of the United PNT System development**

**United PNT System**
**(UPNTS)**

**Governmental Commission of 01.04.2005**
**System Study to define the way to go **

## GLONASS Program Management

**Roskosmos:**
**GLONASS development**
**GLONASS augmentation development**
**GLONASS performance monitoring and control**
**MOD:**
**GLONASS development**
**GLONASS operation**
**User equipment development for governmental use**

**ROSKOSMOS is**
**The Program Coordinator**

## GLONASS Status at 13.09.2005

**14 ****satellites in orbit**** **

**12 satellites**** «****Glonass****»**** ****(3 years life-time):**
**All operational**
**2 satellites**** «****Glonass****-М»**** ****(7 years life-time)**
**One operational (6****th**** slot)**
**One in flight tests (7****th**** slot)**
**Next launch – December 2005**

**14 SV in orbit, 13 operational**

## GLONASS Ground Control Segment

**GLONASS System Control Center **
**Krasnoznamensk, Moscow reg.**
**Satellite operation**
**OD&TS**
**TT&C stations**
**St.Petersbourg reg.**
**Schelkovo, Moscow reg**
**Yenisseysk**
**Komsomolsk-Amur**
**System clock (Central synchronizer)**
**Schelkovo**

**Mission control segment modernization is in schedule**

## GLONASS Satellite Performance

**Guaranteed Life-time**
**Satellite mass**
**Power supply **
**Navigation payload **
**Mass**
**Power consumption****	**
**Clock stability (24 hours)**
**Attitude control accuracy**
**Solar panel pointing accuracy**

**3 years**
**1 415 kg**
**1 000 W**
**180 kg**
**600 W**
**5*10****-13**
**0.5 deg**
**5 deg**

**Total launched 8****1**** satellites**
**Actual life-time 4.5 years**

**Group launch by PROTON**

## GLONASS-M Performance

**Guaranteed Life-time**
**Satellite mass**
**Power supply **
**Navigation payload **
**Mass**
**Power consumption****	**
**Clock stability (24 hours)**
**Attitude control accuracy**
**Solar panel pointing accuracy**

**7 years**
**1 415 kg**
**1 450 W**
**250 kg**
**580 W**
**1*10****-13**
**0.5 deg**
**2 deg**

**Extended life-time**
**L2 civil signal**
**Improved clock stability**
**Improved solar panel pointing**
**Improved dynamic model, less level of unpredicted accelerations**

**GLONASS-M new features:**

**Group launch by PROTON**

## History and Perspectives of the GLONASS Constellation

**GLONASS deployment milestones:**
**18 satellites in constellation – 2007**
**24 satellites in constellation – 2010-2011**

## Results of GLONASS Program Implementation for 3 years (2002-2004)

**12/2001****: ****6 SV, A=****1****7**** ******
**gap = 13.7h**** **

**12/2002****: ****8 SV, A=22**** ******
**gap = 9.3h**** **

**12/2003****: ****9 SV, A=35**** ******
**gap = 9.0h**** **

**12/2004****: ****11 SV, A****=****58**** ******
**gap = 4.6h**

**03/2005****: ****13 SV, A=76**** ******
**gap = 2.9h**** **

**12/2007****: ****18 SV, A=96**** ******
**gap = 0.6h**** **

**Since 2001**** ****the gap in navigation with GLONASS**** ****reduced **
**from ****14 ****to**** 3 ****hours**

## GLONASS Service Modernization

**Second civil signal at L2 frequency band ****since GLONASS-M in 2003**** ****for higher accuracy**
**Third civil signal at L3 frequency band since GLONASS-K in 2008 ****for higher reliability and accuracy, especially for safety-of-life applications**
**GNSS Integrity information in the third civil signal (GLONASS-K, tbc) – ****reliability of navigation service**
**Global differential ephemeris and time corrections in the third civil signal (GLONASS-K, tbc) – ****sub meter real time accuracy for mobile users**
**Search and Rescue service (extension of COSPAS/SARSAT service) – ****shortening time of precise positioning and rescue for people in distress**

## GLONASS Modernization Plan

## GLONASS-K Performance

**Guaranteed Life-time**
**Satellite mass**
**Power supply **
**Navigation payload **
**Mass**
**Power consumption****	**
**Clock stability (24 hours)**
**Attitude control accuracy**
**Solar panel pointing accuracy**

**10 years**
**850 kg**
**1 270 W**
**260 kg**
**750 W**
**1*10****-13**
**0.5 deg**
**1 deg**

**Extended life-time**
**L3 civil signal**
**Improved performance**
**SAR function**

**GLONASS-K new features:**

**Group launch by SOYUZ**

## GLONASS Signals

**L3 signal to be refined**

## GLONASS Performance

**20.03.2005 –**** ****20.****0****6.2005**

**SISRE,m**

**GPS**

**GLONASS**

**The GLONASS Accuracy Improvement Program **
**is in implementation**

**Problems of pure present GLONASS performances**
**New satellite – outdated ground control assets**
**Limited area for orbit tracking (Russian territory)**
**Time keeping system needs to be modernized**

## GLONASS Performance (contd)

**Onboard Clock Stability**
**(Alan Variation)**

**GLONASS R04 (#94)**

**GLONASS-M R06 (#11L)**

**GLONASS-M R07 (#12L)**

**GPS G20**

## Potential GLONASS Performance

**GLONASS orbit based on IGS data**
**IAC - Mission Control Center (Korolyov)**
**CODE – European Orbit Determination Center (Bern)**
**ESOC – European Satellite Operation Center (Darmstadt)**

**30 cm**

**Deviation of post-processing orbit between three centers **

## GLONASS Performance Analysis 

**GLONASS Performance Analysis **

## GLONASS Performance Modernization Plan

**Satellite modernization**
**Clock stability improvement**
**Dynamic model improvement (attitude accuracy, eclipse passing algorithm **
**Receiving monitoring stations (RMS) network extension **
**Space Force network (3 stations)**
**Roskosmos network (9-12 stations)**
**International cooperation (IGS network)**
**GLONASS time keeping system modernization**
**New system clocks with high stability (2 distributed clocks)**
**Synchronization system modernization**
**OD&TS software modernization based on one-way code and phase data processing**

**GPS level accuracy for GLONASS to be achieved by 2008**

## International Cooperation: Russia - US

**GPS/GLONASS full compatibility provided by design for existing signals**
**Joint statement signed in December 2004:**
**No direct user fees for civil GLONASS/GPS service confirmed**
**Cooperation at International organizations**
**Ensure compatibility and interoperability**
**SAR function implementation**
**Agreement preparation**

## GPS/GLONASS Combine Use Benefits (1/2)

**Advantage of Positioning Availability for Urban and Canyon Conditions **
**(GDOP<5, mask angle 25****o****)**

**GPS only**

**GPS+GLONASS (9 sats)**

**GPS+GLONASS (12 sats)**

**GPS+GLONASS (18 sats)**

**GPS only**

## GPS/GLONASS Combine Use Benefits (2/2)

**Continuous navigation during a day****:**
**With GPS only  ****83****.1****%**
**With GPS + GLONASS (9 satellites)**** ****100%**

**Number of satellite visible for Moscow region during a day**

**GPS+GLONASS (9 satellites****)**

**GPS only**

**Real-Time Precision Navigation **
**for construction and geodesy **
**(GDOP<5, mask angle 25****o****)**

## International Cooperation: Russia - EU

**Negotiation process resumed**
**Consultations on the EU-Russia GALILEO/GLONASS Agreement – ****text to be consolidated **
**Technical group to find solutions for compatibility and interoperability **
**Signal compatibility and interoperability at L3/E5b**
**Time scale shift transmission**
**GLONASS geodesy reference to be adjusted to ITRF**
**Russian industry involvement into GALILEO development**
**SOYUZ launch service for GSTB-V2a**
**NII PP laser reflectors delivered for GSTB-V2a/b**
**Involvement to the H-maser development**
**Russian industry involvement in FP-6**
**EGNOS/GLONASS cooperation:**
**Working group establishing to prepare the technical proposal in September 2005:**
**GLONASS service implementation**
**Cooperation with the Russian GLONASS augmentation**
**Service area extension**

## International Cooperation: Russia - India

**Agreement signed in December 2004**
**Civil GLONASS service covering**
**Participation of India in the GLONASS constellation sustainment (including launches of GLONASS-M satellites with India’s GSLV rocket)**
**Cooperation in ground GNSS infrastructure development**

## Summary

**Positioning, Time and Navigation is a component of the critical state infrastructure for national security and economical growth**
**GLONASS is a key element of the Russian Positioning, Time and Navigation service**
**GLONASS remains as a dual use system**
**GLONASS is open for civil use world wide. In combination with GPS can benefit users already now**
**The goals of the international cooperation are to faster constellation deployment with new satellites, to provide better compatibility and**** ****interoperability with existing and future systems and augmentations**
**The GLONASS State program succeeded to come to 18 satellites in constellation in 2007, beginning 2008**

**Thank you for**** ****your attention!**

- Sergey Revnivykh
- Satellite Navigation Department of the Mission Control Center of
- the Central Research Institute of Machine Building,
- FEDERAL SPACE AGENCY
- _[sergey.revnivykh@mcc.rsa.ru](mailto:sergey.revnivykh@mcc.rsa.ru)_
- Tel: +7 095 516 8329
- fax: +7 095 586 8380

**GLONASS Status, Performance and Perspectives**