# Presentation: 414354

## The National Communications System

***The National Communications System***

## Assist the President, NSC, OSTP and OMB

**Exercise *****telecommunications***** functions and responsibilities *****in wartime and non-wartime emergencies***
**Perform *****planning for and provision of***** national security and emergency preparedness**** *****communications***** for the Federal Government *****under all circumstances*****, including crisis or emergency, attack, recovery and reconstitution.**
**Bottom line: we assure the nation’s telecommunications backbone**

**Mission:**

**Notes:**
The NCS serves the President and his key staff by coordinating the planning and provisioning of National Security and Emergency Preparedness communications for the Federal Government.
The resulting telecommunications services must be available to support Government operations under all conditions, whether peacetime or war.
Bottom Line:  the NCS exists to assure the survivability of the Nation’s  telecommunications infrastructure

The NS/EP environment is served by a common infrastructure—the Public Network on which all its members depend—and a common mission:  
	- Prevent Disruption to the Public Network
	- Detect anomalies of the Network (which could affect its availability and reliability) 	
	- Respond to events which threaten the Network

## The National Communications System“Helping to Ensure the Security of the Nation”

_**1961-1981**_

**NCS **
- (1963)

**NCC**
- (1984)

**Critical Infrastructure Protection**

**Cold War**

**PCCIP**
- (1996)

**Telecom ISAC**
- (2000)** **

_**1992- Present**_

**Cuban Missile**
** ****Crisis **(1962)

**National Security **
**& Emergency Preparedness**
**(NS/EP)**

**EO 12472**
**NCS Expanded **(1984)

_**1981-1992**_

**EO 12656**
**Further NS/EP **
**Definition**
- (1988)

**Divestiture**
- (1984)

***The National Communications System******“Helping to Ensure the Security of the Nation”***

**Department  of **
**Homeland Security**
**(Mar 2003)**

**Notes:**
First, let me provide a brief history of the NCS.  
  NCS was originally established in 1963 by President Kennedy as a result of his inability to communicate with key advisors and Premier Khrushcev  during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
  In the early 1980’s, the imminent divestiture of AT&T meant the Government would no longer have one place to go for all its telecommunications needs. 
  In response to the Divestiture Judgment, President Reagan issued Executive Order 12472 in 1984 which:
expanded NCS membership to its current membership of 22 Federal departments and agencies, and 
authorized the establishment of the National Coordinating Center, which is the operational arm of the NCS.

Another significant milestone is:

The Federal Response Plan Communications Annex, first issued in 1992, then revised in 1995 and 1999, 
 the Annex identified the NCS as the primary agency for ensuring the provision of Federal telecommunications support to Federal, State, and local response efforts, following a Presidentially-declared disaster or emergency.

## Department of Homeland Security

- Secretary
- Thomas Ridge
- ----------------------------------
- Deputy Secretary
- Gordon England

- Under Secretary
- Science and Technology

**Under Secretary Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection**
- Frank Libutti

- Under Secretary
- Border  & Transportation Security

- Under Secretary Emergency Preparedness and Response

- Under Secretary
- Management

- Inspector General

- Director of the
- Secret Service  (1)

- Commandant of
- Coast Guard  (1)

- Director, Bureau of Citizenship & Immigration Services (1)

- General Counsel

- State and Local Coordination

- Special Assistant to the Secretary
- (private sector)

- National Capital Region Coordination

- Shared Services

- Citizenship &  Immigration Service
- Ombudsman  (1)

- Legislative Affairs

- Public Affairs

- Civil Rights and
- Civil Liberties

- Chief of Staff

- Privacy Officer

- Executive Secretary

- International Affairs

- Counter Narcotics

- Small & Disadvantaged
- Business

***Effective March 1******st******, 2003***

## NCS Position in the Department of Homeland Security

**Competitive Analysis &**
**Evaluation**

**Assistant Secretary for Information Analysis (ASIA)**
**Mr. REDMOND**

**Assistant Secretary for Infrastructure Protection (ASIP)**
**Mr. LISCOUSKI**

**Planning and Partnerships**

**National Communications System**

**Under Secretary**
**Info Analysis & Infrastructure Protection**
- Mr. LIBUTTI (nominee)

**Chief of Staff**

**Risk Assessment Division**

**Infrastructure Protection Division**

**Infrastructure Coordination Division**

**Information & Warnings Division**

**Cyber Security Division**

## Government - Industry Partnership

***Government - Industry Partnership***

**Industry**

**DOS**

**TREAS**

**DOD**

**DOJ**

**DOI**

**USDA**

**DOC**

**HHS**

**DOT**

**DOE**

**CIA**

**   ****JS   **

**GSA**

**NASA**

**VA**

**FEMA**

**FCC**

**NRC**

**USPS**

**FRB**

**NSA**

**NTIA**

**   ****LOCKHEED-MARTIN**** (Chair)      ****BELLSOUTH ****(Vice Chair)**** **
**AT&T****	****ADV. MICRO DEVICES ****	****      BANK OF AMERICA **
**BOEING ****	****CSC ****	****      CTIA**
**EDS ****	****LUCENT****	****       MICROSOFT**
**MCI****	****MOTOROLA ****	****      NORTEL**
**NORTHROP-GRUMMAN ****	****       QWEST**
**RAYTHEON****	****ROCKWELL****	****       SAIC**
**SBC ****	****SPRINT ****	****       TELEDESIC**
**UNISYS ****	****USTA ****	****       VERISIGN**
**	****VERIZON **

**Interagency**

**DHS**

**Notes:**
A unique, strong partnership exists between the Federal government, as represented by the NCS, and the telecommunications industry.  This partnership has continued for 18+ years and is responsible for the development of many National Security and Emergency Preparedness (NS/EP) telecommunications programs that directly benefit the Emergency Responder.
During this seminar we will discuss several programs that improve your ability to communicate via wireline, wireless and radio networks.  
The LEFT side of this chart illustrates the 22 Federal members of the NCS that share a common interest in the Nation’s telecommunications infrastructure.
The RIGHT side illustrates the Industry component, organized as the National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee (NSTAC).  The 27 companies that represent major communications, network service, and information technology providers and users.  These companies provide industry-based advice to the President on national security telecommunications policy.

## Office of the Manager, NCS

***Office of the Manager, NCS***

**Manager**

**Deputy Manager**

**Technology and**
**Programs **
**Division **

**Critical Infrastructure**
**Protection (CIP)**
**Division **

**Plans and**
**Resources **
**Division **

**Customer **
**Service**
**Division **

**National **
**Coordinating**
**Center for Telecom**

-  Conduct the daily business of the NCS
-   Develop & Manage NSEP Telecomm programs
-   Support the *Federal Response Plan*
-   Lead Agency for ESF-2 (Communications)

-   Coordinates telecommunications response during emergencies

**Notes:**
The Office of the Manager, NCS is responsible for the conducting the day-to-day business of the NCS.
By working with the 22 government member agencies and the telecomm industry, the OMNCS develops and manages various telecommunications programs to satisfy national security and emergency preparedness requirements.
Additionally, the NCS supports the FEDERAL RESPONSE PLAN as the lead agency for Emergency Support Function-2 (Communications), and serves as a supporting agency to other ESFs.
The ‘green’ box marks the National Coordinating Center for Telecommunications.  The NCC is a unique government-industry structure
created in 1984 
to initiate, coordinate, restore or reconstitute Federal telecommunications services during a crisis or emergency.

## National Coordinating Center for Telecommunications

**Notes:**
This next section will explain 
the role and capabilities of the National Coordinating Center for Telecommunications and 
how the NCS fulfills its responsibilities to the Federal Response Plan.

The briefer for this section will be ________________.

## National Coordinating Center for Telecommunications (NCC) Mission

***National Coordinating Center for Telecommunications (NCC) Mission***

## Spectrum of Threats

**Level of Impact**

**Probability of Occurrence**

**HIGH**

**LOW**

**HIGH**

**National Security  --- Emergency Preparedness**

**Civil**** ****Disorder**

**Earthquakes**

**Special Operations**

**Terrorism (includes Cyber)**

**Mobilization**

**Floods**

**Tornados**

**Hurricanes**

**Nuclear War**

**Cable Cut**

**Power **
**Outage**

**Theater Cyber War**

**Strategic Cyber War**

**Conventional War**

**September 11, 2001**

- Local Response

- Coordinated Response

**Notes:**
This graph illustrates the Spectrum of Threats plotted against the likelihood of occurrence and the degree of damage that will result.
Incidents such as Power Outages and Cable Cuts will disrupt communications and will occur frequently.  However the extend of damage is localized, and the local companies are able to respond and restore service.
At the opposite end of the scale, a Nuclear War is unlikely to happen, but the consequences would be disastrous.  A coordinated response would be needed for this type of incident.
Between the extremes, are a multitude of Threats – all will have some effect on telecomm services.
The NCC must be able to respond to all the possibilities.

## What The NCC Does

-   Apply industry and government resources to meet NS/EP telecommunications requirements, on an exception basis.
-   Exercise authority for:
-   Prioritization
-   Coordination
-   Allocation

**Notes:**
The NCC is the focal point to match the telecomm resources available with the Government and Industry to satisfy NS/EP requirements which cannot be resolved at the local level.

The NCC may use its authority to:
Prioritize the sequence to satisfy competing requirements;
Coordinate with Federal / State organizations and the telecommunications industry for recommendations or solutions
Allocate scarce resources to meet critical needs.

## NCC Mission

**NCC Mission**

- Industry Resources

- Government Resources

- (NS/EP) Requirements

**Notes:**
This slide illustrates the merging of Government and Industry telecomm resources to satisfy the Federal NS/EP requirements.

## What the Telecom Industry Does

-   Provides the expertise and resources of the  telecommunications industry members
-   Provides the tools, equipment or personnel capable of repairing outages.

**Notes:**
The NCC does not have Maintenance Teams and Equipment.  The NCC coordinates the expertise and resources of the member agencies to fix the problems.

## NCC Day-to-Day Operations

-  Coordinate Government / Industry NS/EP activities
-  Implement and oversee NS/EP programs (GETS, TSP, SHARES, WPS, etc.)
-  Maintain 24 x 7 Watch Center
-  Monitor networks / Report abnormal conditions
-   Major service disruptions / outages affecting NS/EP service
-   Network component failures
-   Events with significant media attention
-   Telecom Service Priority outages
-  Advocate NS/EP issues
-  Advise executives and senior officials

**Notes:**
The NCC is responsible for overseeing the operation of various NS/EP programs.  Each of the identified programs will be presented with details in later presentations.
The NCC member companies routinely participate in advisory and policymaking committees.
The NCC members ensure that NS/EP services designated for priority treatment are appropriately handled in the networks.
The NCC receives status reports from the network operation centers when unusual conditions occur.

## NCC Support for Emergencies

**WEATHER**
**Hurricane Andrew****	****– Aug 92**
**Hurricane Marilyn****	****– Sept 95**
**Hurricane Opal****	****– Oct 96 **
**Hurricane Fran****	****–**** Sep 96**
**N.E. Ice Storms****	****– Jan 98**
**Hurricane Bonnie****	****–**** Aug/Sep 98**
**Hurricane Georges****	****–**** Sep 98**
**Hurricane Floyd****	****–**** Sep 99**
**Trop. Storm Allison****	****–**** Jun 01**
**Typhoon Pongsonga – Dec 02**
**Mid-West Tornados – Spring 03 **

**EARTHQUAKES**
**Northridge California – Jan 94**
**Seattle, Washington   ****–**** Feb 01**

**FOREST FIRES**
**Florida                         – Jun/Jul 98**
**Western & S.W           – May 02**

**MAN-MADE INCIDENTS & **
**SPECIAL EVENTS**
**Oklahoma City Bombing – Apr 95**
**Summer Olympics           ****–**** Jul 96**
**“****9/11” Terrorist Attacks  ****–**** Sep 01**
**Winter Olympics****	****   ****	****–**** Feb 02**

**Notes:**
This chart provides a chronology of natural disasters and other events that have required NCC support to assist the Emergency Response activities.  Some required considerable NCS resources for an extended period of time.

## NCS Support to theFEDERAL RESPONSE PLAN

**Emergency Support Function (ESF) #2**
**(Communications)**

**Notes:**
The Federal Response Plan defines how Federal assistance is rendered during emergencies.  The NCS is a signatory Agency of the Plan, and is designated as the Lead Agency for the Emergency Support Function #2, which deals with telecommunications matters.

## What is the Federal Response Plan?

**Signed agreement among Departments and Agencies that:**
** ****Integrates capabilities**** of Federal Departments and Agencies ****for a coordinated response**** to a disaster.**
** ****Supports**** implementation of the ****Robert T. Stafford Disaster**** Relief and Emergency Assistance ****Act**** (Public Law 93-288, as amended).**
** ****Supports**** the Federal government’s role to provide ****response, recovery and mitigation assistance**** to support State and local government disaster efforts.**
** ****Supports**** Federal assistance provided under individual Department and Agency ****statutory authorities****.**

**Notes:**
These statements summarize the key reasons for the Federal Response Plan.
The Plan enables the Federal government to provide a coordinated response to a disaster;
The Stafford Act provides the legal authority for funds that spent for disaster response and recovery;
The Federal government provides assistance when requested to support State and Local government efforts;
The Plan is intended to complement separate statutory  authorities.

## Emergency Support Functions and Lead Agencies for Each ESF

**Notes:**
There are twelve (12) Emergency Support Functions identified within the Plan.  Each ESF is lead by an Agency that has specialized capabilities or authorities for that function.  The lead Agency is supported by other Federal agencies that can contribute resources (equipment, personnel, services) that are needed.
When the Plan is activated for an emergency, an assessment is made to determine which ESFs will be needed for response and recovery.  The responding ESFs are selected according to the conditions created by the disaster.
The NCS is the Lead Agency for ESF-2 (Communications).

## FEDERAL RESPONSE PLANESF 2 Responsibilities

**	****	****	****	****     **_** **__**MISSION**_
**Provision Federal telecommunications support to Federal, State, and local response  efforts following a federally declared major disaster, emergency, or extraordinary situation under the Federal Response Plan.**
**	****	****	****           ****	**_**NATIONAL FOCUS**_
**FEMA Emergency Support Team (EST)**
**National Coordinating Center **
**Mobilization Augmentees (US Army Reserve officers)**
**Telecomm Programs (GETS, TSP, WPS, SHARES)**
**	****	****	**_**REGIONAL FOCUS**_
**Disaster Field Office (DFO)**** **

**FEDERAL RESPONSE PLAN****ESF 2 Responsibilities**

**Notes:**
As the Lead Agency for Communications, the NCS must ensure that telecommunications services are available to support the efforts of all levels of government that are responding to a major disaster or extraordinary situation.  
Example of an extraordinary situation are:
 the recently completed 2002 Winter Olympics
 the international celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), that was held on Washington, DC.
At the National Level, the NCC is the lead element with support from the telecomm industry and programs sponsored by the NCS.  These programs will be explained in detail on tomorrow morning.
The NCC also has Emergency Operations Teams that are activated to manage the various coordination tasks that arise during an emergency.
Details of the Regional response will be explained in the next briefing.

##  ESF-2 Disaster Response Operations

- Arlington, VA

**Disaster Field Office (DFO)**

- Federal Emergency Communications Coordinator [F ECC]

- FEMA Nat’l Network Opns Center

- Mt. Weather, VA

*** *****ESF-2 Disaster Response Operations**

- Emergency Operations Teams (EOT)

**Notes:**
Elements of ESF-2 are present at different locations to coordinate communications services.
At the National Level, members of the NCS Emergency Operations Teams are work at the NCC, FEMA Hqs in Washington, DC, and the Mt. Weather Emergency Action Center (MWEAC)
At the Regional Level, the Federal Emergency Communications Coordinator (FECC) is the leader of the ESF-2 team at the Disaster Field Office and Regional Operations Center.
Details of ESF-2 Operations in the Region will be explained in the next briefing which will be presented by __________________.

## Slide 21

**Notes:**
This concludes the overview of the National Level of communications operations.  Are there questions? 

I will be followed by __________________, who will explain his role as the NCS Regional Manager, and his duty to provide communications for you during an emergency.