# Presentation: 468164

## The High-Power Target Experiment 

-                NUFACT’04
-            Osaka, Japan
-           July 27, 2004

##  Intense Proton  Sources 

- World wide interest in the development of new MW-class proton drivers
- New physics opportunities utilizing intense secondary beams are presenting themselves
-  Neutron Sources
- European Spallation Source
- US Spallation Neutron Source
- Japanese Neutron Source
- Kaons
- RSVP at BNL
- KAMI at FNAL
- Muons
- MECO and g-2 at BNL
- SINDRUM at PSI
- EDM at JPARC
- Muon Collider
- Neutrinos
- Superbeams
- Neutrino Factories
- Beta-beams

## Multi-MW New Proton Machines

- SNS at 1.2 MW                     2.0 MW
- JPARC 0.7 MW                    4.0  MW
- FNAL   0.4 MW                    1.2 MW              2.0 MW
- BNL     0.14 MW                  1.0 MW              4.0 MW

**AGS Upgrade to 1 MW **

## High-power Targetry Challenges

-  High-average power and high-peak power issues
- Thermal management
- Target melting
- Target vaporization
- Thermal shock
- Beam-induced pressure waves
- Radiation
- Material properties
- Radioactivity inventory
- Remote handling

## Achieving Intense Muon Beams

- Maximize Pion/Muon Production
- Soft Pion Production
- High-Z material
- High Magnetic Field

## High-Z Materials

**Key Properties**
- Maximal soft-pion production
- Both pion signs are collected
- Liquid (Hg) has potential for extension beyond 4 MW
**Key Issues**
- High pion absorption
- High peak energy deposition
- Jet dynamics in a high-field solenoid
- Target disruption in a high-field solenoid
- Achievement of near-laminar flow for a 20 m/s jet

## The SPL Neutrino Horn

- Protons

- Current of  300 kA

****

**B********1/R**

**B = 0**

- Hg Jet

- 2.2 GeV protons
- at 4MW

## Neutron Production using Hg

- Beta Beams

- SNS Neutron
- Spallation Target

- Fission
- Converter

## Neutrino Factory Targetry Concept

- Capture low PT pions in a high-field solenoid
- Use Hg jet tilted with respect to solenoid axis
- Use Hg pool as beam dump

- Engineered solution--P. Spampinato, ORNL

## E951 Hg Jet Tests

** ****1cm diameter Hg Jet**
** ****V = 2.5 m/s **
** ****24 GeV 4 TP Proton Beam**
** **_**No**_** Magnetic Field**

## Key E951 Results

-  Hg jet dispersal proportional to beam intensity
-  Hg jet dispersal ~ 10 m/s for 4 TP 24 GeV beam
-  Hg jet dispersal velocities ~ 1⁄2 times that of “confined thimble” target
-  Hg dispersal is largely transverse to the jet axis -- longitudinal propagation of pressure waves is suppressed
-  Visible manifestation of jet dispersal delayed 40 s

## CERN/Grenoble Hg Jet Tests

** ****4 mm diameter Hg Jet **
** ****v = 12 m/s**
** ****0, 10, 20T Magnetic Field**
** **_**No**_** Proton Beam**

- A. Fabich, J. Lettry
- Nufact’02

## Key Jet/Magnetic Field Results

- The Hg jet is stabilized by the 20 T magnetic field
- Minimal jet deflection for 100 mrad angle of entry
- Jet velocity reduced upon entry to the magnetic field

## Bringing it all Together

- We wish to perform a proof-of-principle test which will include:
- A high-power intense proton beam (16 to 32 TP per pulse)
- A high (≥ 15T) solenoidal field
- A high (> 10m/s) velocity Hg jet
- A ~1cm diameter Hg jet
- Experimental goals include:
- Studies of 1cm diameter jet entering a 15T solenoid magnet
- Studies of the Hg jet dispersal provoked by an intense pulse of a proton beam in a high solenoidal field
- Studies of the influence of entry angle on jet performance
- Confirm Neutrino factory/Muon Collider Targetry concept

## High Field Pulsed Solenoid

-   69o K Operation
-   15 T with 4.5 MVA Pulsed Power
-   15 cm warm bore
-   1 m long beam pipe

- Peter Titus, MIT

## Fabrication Contract has been Awarded

- CVIP has been awarded the contract for the pulsed solenoid.
- They are responsible for the cryostat and integration of the coil package into the cryostat.
- We are now receiving build-to-print drawings from CVIP for approval.
- Scheduled delivery is Nov. 2004

## Coil Fabrication

- Everson-Tesla, Inc has been sub-contracted to fabricate the coils

## Possible Target Test Station Sites

- Accelerator Complex Parameters:

| Parameter | BNL
AGS | CERN
PS | RAL
ISIS | LANCE
WNR | JPARC
RCS | JPARC
MR |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Proton Energy, GeV | 24 | 24 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 3 | 50 |
| p/bunch, 1012 | 6 | 4
(7 CNGS) | 10 | 28 | 42 | 42 |
| Bunch/cycle | 12 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 9 |
| p/cycle,  1012 | 72 | 28
(56 CNGS) | 20 | 28 | 83 | 300 |
| Cycle length, s | 2.2 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 0.25 | 0.6 | 4.2 |
| Availability (?) | 07 | 06 | 06 | Now | 08 | 09 |

## Proposal to Isolde and nToF Committee

- Participating Institutions
- RAL
- CERN
- KEK
- BNL
- ORNL
- Princeton University

- Proposal submitted April 26, 2004

## The TT2a Beam Line

- We propose running without longitudinal
- bunch compression allowing for a reduced
- beam spot size of ~ 2mm rms radius.

## The TT2 Tunnel Complex

## Cryogenic Flow Scheme

##   Surface above the ISR

**6000 l Dewar**

- Access
- Route

- Two 18kV
- sub-stations

- One 18kV
- Sub-station

## CERN proposed power supply solution type ALICE/LHCb, rated 950V, 6500A

- 2 x Power transformers in parallel, housed in the same cubicle

- 2 x rectifier bridges in parallel

- High precision current control electronics

***Total DC output ratings:***
- 6500Adc, 950Vdc, 6.7 MW

***AC input ratings***
***(per rectifier bridge):***
- 2858Arms, 900Vac (at no load), 4.5 MVA

***Each power transformer ratings***
*Primary side: *154Arms, 18kVac
*Secondary side:* 3080Arms, 900Vac
*Nominal power:* 4.8 MVA

***Other***
*- Air forced cooling;*
*- Fed by two18 kV lines*

## Layout of the Experiment

- Solenoid

- Cold Valves

- Vent

- Heater

- Pump

- LN2 Dewar

- 4.6 MW PS

- ISR Tunnel

## Run plan for PS beam spills

- Our Beam Profile request allows for:
-  Varying beam charge intensity from 5 (7) TP to 20 (28) TP
-  Studying influence of solenoid field strength on beam dispersal (Bo from 0 to 15T)
- Vary beam/jet overlap
-  Study possible cavitation effects by varying PS spill structure—Pump/Probe

|  |
| --- |
|  |
| Charge      Bucket                Bo        Beam      Number
                  Structure                         Shift       of Shots |
|  |
| 4 x 5TP        1-2-3-4                0           0               2 |
| 4 x 5TP        1-2-3-4                5           0               2 |
| 4 x 5TP        1-2-3-4               10           0              2 |
| 4 x 5TP        1-2-3-4               15           0              2 |
| 4 x 5TP        1-2-3-4               15        +5mm         2 |
| 4 x 5TP        1-2-3-4               15      +2.5mm        2 |
| 4 x 5TP        1-2-3-4               15      -2.5mm         2 |
| 4 x 5TP        1-2-3-4               15        -5mm          2 |
| 1 x 5TP        1                        15           0               2 |
| 2 x 5TP        1-2                     15           0               2 |
| 3 x 5TP        1-2-3                 15           0               2 |
| 4 x 5TP        1-2-3-5                0           0               2 |
| 4 x 5TP        1-2-3-5              15           0               2 |
| 4 x 5TP        1-2-3-6                0           0               2 |
| 4 x 5TP        1-2-3-6              15           0               2 |
| 4 x 5TP        1-2-3-7                0           0               2 |
| 4 x 5TP        1-2-3-7              15           0               2 |
| 4 x 5TP        1-2-3-8                0           0               2 |
| 4 x 5TP        1-2-3-8               15           0              2 |
|  |
| Total                                                                    38 |

## CERN ISOLDE Hg Target Tests

**CERN ISOLDE Hg Target Tests**

- Bunch Separation [ns]

- Proton beam
- 5.5 TP per
- Bunch.

- Bunch Separation, ns

## PS Extracted Beam Profile

## Optical Diagnostics of Hg Dispersal

- CCD Cameras

- Laser Beam

## Experiment Schedule

- Key to plan is the scheduled shutdown of PS/SPS operations for 2005.  We have an excellent opportunity to install the experiment and commission the experiment before the April 2006 resumption of PS operations.
- Installation 4th Q 2005
- Commissioning 1st Q 2006
- Beam on target April 2006
- Equipment removal end of April, 2006
- nTOF resumes May 2006.

## Pulsed Solenoid  Project Cost Profile 

- Magnet
-         Engineering       $ 350 K     $ 350 K
-         Fabrication        $ 410 K      $ 410 K
-         Testing              $   90 K
-         Shipping            $   15 K
-         Installation        $   20 K
-         Decommission  $  25  K
- Power Supply (CERN Solution)
-        Engineering        $  70 K       $ 20 K
-        Procurement      $ 300 K
-        Installation         $   80 K
-        Decommission   $  20 K
-        Contingency       $  70 K
- Beam Diagnostics
-         Beam Profile      $ 40 K
-         Beam Dump       $ 25 K
-         Scintillators         $ 10 K

- Cryogenics System
-   (Assume CERN supplied components)
-      Engineering        $ 90 K      $ 45 K
-      Procurements     $ 50 K
-     Control System  $ 40 K
-     Installation         $110 K
-     Decommission   $  10 K
-     Contingency        $  40 K
- Hg Jet System
-     Engineering        $ 30 K
-     Procurements     $ 45 K
-     Optical System   $ 35 K
-     Decommission    $20 K
-     Contingency        $ 20 K
- Support Services
-     Data Acquisition       $ 30 K
-     Project Management $150 K

## Cost Summary

-                               System       Spent
-                                Costs        to date
- Magnet System     $ 910 K      $ 760 K
- Power Supply        $ 540 K      $  20 K
- Cryogenics             $ 340 K      $ 45 K
- Hg Jet System        $ 150 K
- Beam Systems        $  75 K
- Support Services     $ 190 K
- Total                     $ 2205 K    $ 825 K            Remaining Costs  $ 1380K