# Presentation: 672520

## Required Navigation Performance (RNP)/RNAV Programs

**Roy Grimes**
**roy.grimes@faa.gov**
**Flight Technologies and Procedures Division (AFS-400)**
**	****	****	****	****	****rnp-brfgomwg**

- FAA / RNP-10 / 3-98

## PURPOSE

- The purpose of this presentation is to:
- Explain the RNP/RNAV concepts and the process used to approve operators
- Provide HQ and Regional focal points for RNP/RNAV
- Provide sources of information including the FAA RNP website

## CONTACTS

- FAA Regional RNP/RNAV Focal Points
- (see Web site)
- FAA HQ -Aircraft/Operator Approval Information
**Roy Grimes      202 267-3734    roy.grimes@faa.gov**
**Bob Hanson      202 267-3739    robert.g.hanson@faa.gov**

## Oceanic Procedures Website

- Address:   www.faa.gov/ats/ato/130.htm
- QUICK JUMP MENU:  links to RVSM, RNP websites, Flight Standards Homepage, etc.

## RNP WEBSITE

- Focuses to date on oceanic ops
- Address:    www.faa.gov/ats/ato/rnp.htm
- Contents:
- FAA Region and HQ RNP Focal Points
- FAA Order 8400.12A
- RNP-10 Operational Approval Outline
- NOTAMS Related RNP-10 Implementation
- Other Files Related to RNP-10 Implementation
- Basic RNAV/RNP-5:   AC 90-96

## FLIGHT STANDARDS INSPECTOR HANDBOOKS AND BULLETINS

- RNP-5:  HBAT 98015, HBGA 98-02,
- 	HBAW 98-06
- RNP-10:   HBAT 98-16A, HBGA 98-03A, HBAW 98-07A
- ACCESS:  www.faa.gov/ats/ato/130.htm:  QUICK JUMP MENU, Aviation Flight Standards Service; Safety Inspector Handbooks and Bulletins

## OPERATIONS SPECIFICATIONS PARAGRAPHS:  

- BO36:  CLASS II NAVIGATION USING **MULTIPLE** LONG RANGE NAVIGATION STSTEMS
- B054:  CLASS II NAVIGATION USING **SINGLE** LRNS
- B050:  AUTHORIZED AREAS OF EN ROUTE OPERATION---LIMITATIONS AND PROVISIONS

## RNP-10 APPROVAL OUTLINE

- JOINT BULLETIN:
- 	HBAT 98-16A/HBGA 98-03A/HBAW 98-07A
- 	PARAGRAPH 4 OUTLINES STEPS IN APPROVAL PROCESS WITH REFERENCES TO PARA’S IN 8400.21A
- Outline with references also published on ATP Website

## WHY DO WE NEED RNP/RNAV

- Navigation component of CNS/ATM
- E.g., 50 NM longitudinal separation criteria published in PAC & MID/ASIA Regional Supplementary Procedures
- Comm:   DCPC via voice or CPDLC
- Nav:   RNP-10
- Surveillance:  30-min distance verification check
- (ATC judgment ADS needed for extended use)

## SOURCE DOCUMENTS

- ICAO Doc 9613, 2nd Ed.:   Manual on Required Navigation Performance
- Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards:   RNP for Area Navigation
- 	(RTCA DO-236A)
- AC 20-RNP and 90-RNP being developed by reps from AT,AFS, AIR, Industry in Satellite Operational Implementation Team (SOIT) Sub-group
- 4/Q 00 schedule for final draft

## State CAA RESPONSIBILITY

- ICAO RNP Manual, para 5.5.1:
- State of Operator responsible for operational approval to operate in various RNP type airspaces

## TRANSITION PERIOD PROPOSAL

- ESTABLISH RNAV X
- ENCOMPASS CRITERIA OF EXISTING RNAV AC’S
- PHASE IN CRITERIA OF DO-236 FOR ENROUTE OPERATIONS

## AIRCRAFT APPROVALS

- RNP APPROVED BY CERTIFICATION:
- B747-400, B-777:   CNS package incorporates GPS, RNP, Satellite Data Link and Surveillance
- B737 and GIV CNS packages incorporate RNP
- A-330 & A-340 CNS packages certified (need to confirm)
- RNP-5 & -10 APPROVED USING EXISTING CRITERIA (e.g., AC’s):   as cited in FAA Order 8400.12A & AC 90-96

## RNP/RNAV CONCEPT

- _RNP:_   a statement of the navigation performance accuracy necessary for operation within a defined airspace
- _NAV Performance Accuracy:_  The Total System Error (TSE) allowed in the individual lateral and longitudinal dimensions (95% Probability basis)
- Used for statement of operating requirement:
- 	(E.g., RNP-10, RNP-4, RNP-.3)
- _RNP for Time and Vertical:_  application under development;   addressed in DO-236A

## ELEMENTS OF APPROVAL

- RNP/RNAV IS MORE COMPLETE MEASURE OF NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE:
- 1.  TOTAL SYSTEM ERROR:   95% PROBABILITY BASIS
- 2.  RNAV EQUIPMENT FEATURES (LOWER RNP TYPES:  ENHANCED FEATURES REQUIRED (EG., ALERTS, DISPLAYS)
- 3.  LOWER RNP TYPES,  EVALUATE:
- NAV INTEGRITY CONTAINMENT:   10-5
- NAV CONTINUITY CONTAINMENT:  10-5

## ELEMENTS OF TSE:  LATERAL

- Position estimation (primary)
- Flight Technical Error (FTE)
- Path definition (consistent path computation)
- Display error

## ELEMENTS OF TSE:  LONGITUDINAL

- Position estimation (primary)
- Path definition
- Display error

- 10 NAUTICAL MILES

- 10 NAUTICAL MILES

**RNP-10 AIRCRAFT EXAMPLE **

**RNP**

- 10

- 10

## RNP-5 & -10 RELATIONSHIP TO EXISTING ACs AND FARs

- Order 8400.12A and AC 90-96:   aircraft can be evaluated against existing ACs or FARs to establish RNP eligibility
- 8400.12A and AC 90-BRNAV show the judgments made that establish RNP eligibility using existing criteria
- Example: INS or IRU system approval IAW PART 121, Appendix G can meet RNP-10 for 6.2 hours without further evaluation

## AIRCRAFT SEPARATION - 50NM

## RNP-10 CAPABILITY IS NAV ELEMENT OF50 NM LATERAL SEPARATION 

- Minimum 50 NM lateral separation (actual track separation is 55-60 NM) was implemented on NOPAC tracks on  4/23/98
- Specific details of the RNP-10 approval process are contained in FAA Order** **8400.12A dated 2/9/98

## RNP-10 APPROVAL PROCESS

## ISSUES FOR 50-LAT/RNP-10 EXPANSION

- RNP-10 ELIGIBILITY OF INS AND IRS EQUIPPED AIRCRAFT FOR NEW PACOTS ROUTES
- EMPHASIS ON WEATHER DEVIAITON PROCEDURES
- PILOT AND CONTROLLER USE OF BEST COMM OPTION FOR WX DEVIATIONS:  HF, HF PHONE PATCH,  SAT VOICE, CPDLC
- EMPHASIS ON CORRECT FILING OF “R” EQUIPMENT SUFFIX IN ICAO FLIGHT PLAN

## ISSUES (CONT.)

- CONTINUED INPUT OF OPERATOR AND  AIRCRAFT INFO TO APPROVALS DATABASE
- ATP-130 RNP WEBSITE SHOWS DATA AND ADDRESS FOR DATABASE
- ALASKA/PACIFIC CHART SUPP’S UPDATED

## OPS CONCEPT 

- 50NM LAT SEPARATION MINIMUM  APPLIED BETWEEN /R AIRCRFT.
- ENHANCES CONTROLLER CAPABILITY TO GRANT CLEARANCE TO DEVIATE WHEN 100NM TRACK SPACING APPLIED
- UNAPPROVED AIRCRAFT MAY FILE RANDOM TRACKS MINIMUM 100NM FROM
- 	RNP-10 PACOTS TRACKS
- IF JOINING NOPAC, FOLLOW ANCHORAGE NOTAM

## DOCUMENTS FOR OPERATOR RNP APPROVAL

**Operation Specifications **- Air Carrier Operations B036, B038, B050
-  **Letters of Authorization **- General Aviation Operations (FAA Order 8700.1, Chapter 222)
- Format for the LOA in FAA Order 8400.12A, Appendix 3, _*Documentation Required to Complete the Approval Process *_

## BASIC RNP-10 ELIGIBILITY GROUPS

- FAA Order 8400.12A reference paragraph is Para12, _*Determining Aircraft Eligibility*_
- Group I:     Approval shown in Airplane Flight Manual. Approval by aircraft certification action.
- Group II:   Previously approved under existing standards
- Group III:  Approved by data collection

## GROUP I - AIRCRAFT ELIGIBILITY

- These are aircraft that have been approved by aircraft certification for an RNP capability
- If an aircraft has an RNP navigation capability stated in the Airplane Flight Manual, then it is considered eligible for RNP-10

## GROUP II- AIRCRAFT

- Aircraft are considered RNP-10 eligible that meet one of the following criteria:
**Qualify for the /E suffix as defined in the AIM**
**Equipped with INS’s or IRU’S that have been approved in accordance with 14 CFR PART 121,  Appendix G**
**Primary means GPS equipped and operated in accordance with HBAT 95-09**
**Multisensor system approved in accordance with AC 20-130A**
**Supplemental GPS (i.e.., used with another approved LRNS)  in accordance with AC 90-94 and HBAT 95-02**
**Currently approved for Australian RNAV or North Atlantic MNPS operations**

## GROUP III - AIRCRAFT

- Aircraft that do not satisfy the eligibility for  Group I or Group II Aircraft
- Operators may obtain approval for Group III Aircraft by conducting an operational data collection in accordance with FAA Order 8400.12A, Appendix 1 or Appendix 6

## PERIODIC DATA COLLECTION METHOD

- Two procedures:
- A hand held GPS receiver is used to grade the INS/IRU during flight (high quality unit recommended)
- A single, un-updated gate position is used as a data point to determine an RNP-10 limit
- Both procedures are contained in Appendix 6 of FAA Order 8400.12A

## RNP-10 TIME LIMITS FOR INS/IRU EQUIPPED AIRCRAFT

- Baseline is 6.2 hours for aircraft approved using existing criteria (e.g.., Appendix G of Part 121,  MNPS approval)
- RNP-10 time limit may be larger if operator or manufacturer proves the capability IAW 8400.12A
- Effect of En Route updates:
- Automatic _DME/DME _updating = _Baseline minus 0.3 hours_
- Automatic _DME/VOR _updating = _Baseline minus 0.5 hours_
- _Manual_ updating = _Baseline minus 1.0 hour_

## EXTENDED INS/IRU TIME LIMIT

- Operators needing extended time limit for the INS or IRU take action IAW 8400.12A, Para 12D
- Extended time limit established by Aircraft Certification Office during initial certification or after evaluation of manufacturer or operator data
- Operator can take credit for triple mix using operational data to verify what credit is justified
- Operator can conduct operational data collection IAW Appendix 1 or 6 to justify extended time limit for individual INS systems

## ACO APPROVED RNP-10 TIMELIMIT (AREA OF OPS) FOR INS AND IRU’S

- CAROUSEL IV INS:   	6.2 HOURS
- LTN 72 INS:			6.2 HOURS
- LTN 92:				10.0 HOURS
- B767, 747-400, MD-11
- 	HW IRU’S			12 HOURS
- TIME LIMITS FOR INDIVIDUAL OPERATORS EXTENDED BASED ON APPENDIX 1 OR 6 DATA COLLECTION

## ROUTE EVALUATION FOR INS/IRU EQUIPPED AIRCRAFT IN GROUPS II AND III

- The operator must establish its capability to comply with RNP-10 time limit on all RNP-10 routes (fixed or flex tracks) on which it intends to fly
- _Start Point for Calculation_:  The calculation should start at the point where the system is placed in the navigation mode or the point where it is expected to be updated

## ROUTE EVALUATION FOR INS/IRU EQUIPPED AIRCRAFT IN GROUPS II AND III

- _Stop Point for Calculation:_  The stop point may be one of the following:
- the point at which the aircraft will begin to navigate by reference to ICAO Standard Navaids (VOR, DME, NDB) and/or comes under radar surveillance from ATC; or
- the point at which the navigation system is expected to be updated
- the point where RNP-10 approval is not required

## USE OF PRIMARY MEANS GPS FOR RNP-10 OPERATIONS

- Primary navigation GPS meets RNP-10 without time limits
- Dual GPS equipment is required
- If GPS is the only long-range navigation system, Fault Detection and Exclusion Program (FDE) required.   (Includes Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM).
- Max FDE outage is 34 minutes
- Max FDE outage included as condition of dispatch or departure

## GPS FOR RNP-10 OPERATIONS

- Multi-sensor systems incorporating GPS approved IAW AC 20-130A are eligible for RNP-10 without a time limit
- Aircraft equipped with an approved GPS system and another approved LRNS (e.g. INS) are also eligible for RNP-10 without time limit
- Approval must be IAW AC 90-94 and          HBAT 95-02

## PILOT KNOWLEDGE OF RNP-10 REQUIREMENTS

**Commercial operator **- Incorporates applicable 8400.12A items into training programs and manuals
**General Aviation **- Must show during application process that pilots will possess knowledge of RNP-10 policy and procedures
- Operator may elect to have pilots trained using in-house program or a contracted program or may elect to confirm pilot knowledge on application

## CONTINUED AIRWORTHINESS (MAINTENANCE) PROGRAMS

- Reference 8400.12A, Paragraph 14
- Previously approved maintenance programs for long-range navigation systems should be acceptable for RNP-10 operations
- Operators that have not previously been approved for oceanic operations (Class II Navigation) using long range navigation systems must submit appropriate maintenance programs changes for FAA review

## REF. PARAGRAPH, PARA 9, APPLICATION PROCESS

- The application should contain the following elements:
**(1) Airworthiness Documents that establish the aircraft/nav system group being proposed, its RNP-10 approval status, and a list of airframes in that group**
**(2) Approved RNP-10 Time Limit - where INS/IRUs only LRNS**
**(3) Documentation of RNP-10 area of operations or tracks where specific aircraft/nav system is eligible**
**(4) Documentation of operating practices and procedures for  RNP-10**
**(5) Documentation of pilot and/or dispatcher knowledge of  RNP-10**

## APPLICATION PROCESS CONTINUED

**(6) Documentation that appropriate Maintenance practices and procedures for RNP-10 have been adopted **
**(7) Minimum Equipment List (MEL) updates, if applicable**
**(8) Operating history that identifies past problems and incidents, if any,  and actions taken to correct the situation**
**(9) Awareness of the necessity for follow up action after navigation error reports and the potential for removal of RNP-10 operating authority **

## CONCLUSION

- States have responsibility to approve aircraft and operators for flight on routes where RNP is required
- _FAA Order 8400.12A:_    contains the process and procedures for approval of aircraft and operators
- RNP-10 Operational Approval Outline:  outline or checklist with references to paragraphs in 8400.12A
- Both are on web site:       www.faa.gov/ats/ato/rnp.htm

## CONCLUSION

- For questions, contact regional focal points or HQ OPR’s as necessary