BEE-spoke-data/govdocs1-by-extension huggingface dataset:
# Presentation: 161403

## Ocean Carbon Cycling in ESM2p1 

- ESMDT 10/03/07

## CO2 Variability

- Mauna Loa CO2 variation is about 6 ppm
- With 286 ppm corresponding to 493 Pg/C total, that corresponds to a net seasonal change of 5.2 PgC over 6 months – 1 Pg/month

## Ocean Biogeochemistry Developments

**Tracers of Ocean Phytoplankton with Allometric Zooplankton (TOPAZ)**
**Assessment of river fluxes led to research into relative N and P cycling:**
**added NO****3**** and O****2**** limitation of nitrogen fixation in order to prevent nitrogen fixation from overwhelming nitrogen uptake in cold, high nutrient environments**
**added prey switching to allow nitrogen fixers to survive at low concentrations**
**added O****2**** limitation on remineralization to decrease water column denitrification**
**Investigation of multi-element phytoplankton physiology, including:**
**Switching from fixed N:P ratios in phytoplankton to variable ratios**
**Developing a parameterization for nutrient uptake as a function of the optimal N:P allocation of phytoplankton resources**
**Attempting a suite of uptake formulations based on both steady and non-steady growth.  The current formulations are based on quasi-steady growth.**
**Implementing ****230****Th and ****234****Th to assess similarities with iron cycling :**
**found that thorium scavenging kinetics were fundamentally different than iron**
**iron scavenging was re-parameterized as a function of ligand-based solubility.**
**To address the model bias of low chlorophyll in coastal regions, particularly in the north Atlantic, a suite of experiments that all failed:**
**Adding a lag for mesozooplankton to find prey later in the spring bloom**
**Prey switching**
**Addition of large coastal species of diatoms including cessation of grazing, cyst dynamics, sinking and floating.**

## Slide 4

## Slide 5

## Slide 6

## Slide 7

## Slide 8

## Slide 9

## Slide 10

## Ocean C Budget (PgC/yr) in year 120

- River DIC: 0.13

- River Alk CaCO3 equiv: 0.13

- Ingassing CO2: 1.27

- CaCO3 burial – 0.2968

- Org. C export: 11.1
- CaCO3 export: 0.68

- CaCO3 redis. – 0.00046

## Ocean N Budget (TgN/yr) in year 120

- River NO3: 2.3

- River NH4: 19.0

- NO3 deposition: 6.9
- NH4 deposition: 7.8

- Sediment denit: 150.2

- Water column denit: 584.7

- N2 fixation: 473.8

- Org. N export: 1771

## Newer run alterations

- Increased Iron requirements for  phytoplankton
- Lower maximum growth potential for N2 fixers
- N:P ratios held closer to Redfield

## Slide 14

## Slide 15

## Slide 16

## Slide 17

## Slide 18

## Ocean C Budget (PgC/yr) in year 10 of newer run

- River DIC: 0.13

- River Alk CaCO3 equiv: 0.13

- Outgassing CO2: 1.31

- CaCO3 burial – 0.31

- Org. C export: 7.3
- CaCO3 export: 0.59

- CaCO3 redis. – 0.00001

## Ocean N Budget (TgN/yr) in year 10 of newer run

- River NO3: 2.1

- River NH4: 16.8

- NO3 deposition: 6.9
- NH4 deposition: 7.8

- Sediment denit: 93.8

- Water column denit: 51.0

- N2 fixation: 93.3

- Org. N export: 1162
# Presentation: 388521

## An Application of Dual System Estimation Principles

- Howard Bradsher-Fredrick, SMG
- October 28, 2004

**Notes:**
I am going to discuss the application of dual system principles to compute a hypothetical estimate of the number of frame elements missing from both the National Renewable Energy Lab frame and the EIA renewable frame.

This analysis was requested by the Committee at the last meeting.

## National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) Listing Compared to EIA Survey Frame

- NREL collects data (from secondary sources) on generator nameplate capacity from renewable energy generating plants.
- The NREL list is publicly available.
- EIA collects data on renewable plants but with a 1MW cutoff.
- Goal: To estimate the number of facilities missing from both frames.

**Notes:**
Read 1st 2 bullets.

We eliminated the NREL facilities below the cutoff from the study.

This exercise was intended to show how the dual system principles might be applied in a real setting if the assumptions were to hold.

So, we’re going to proceed to estimate the number of facilities missing from both frames, if the assumptions were to hold.

## Total Data

- NREL list: 5,146 facilities
- EIA frame: 4,960 facilities

| Frame Elements | In NREL list | Not in NREL list |
| --- | --- | --- |
| In EIA frame | 4,932 | 28 |
| Not in EIA frame | 214 | X |

## Estimate # of Facilities Missing in Both 

- X = Pr(NREL error) * Pr(EIA error) * Total number of known facilities
- X = (28/5174) * (214/5174) *5174
- X = 1.2 missing elements

**Notes:**
If we apply the same error rates through the missing elements and assume independence, we arrive at a total of 1.2 missing frame elements.

## Apply Principle to Each Fuel 

- For all fuels except Agricultural Residues, the estimate is 0
- Agricultural Residues: 27 NREL, 33 EIA:

| Frame Elements | In NREL | Not in NREL |
| --- | --- | --- |
| In EIA frame | 19 | 14 |
| Not in EIA frame | 8 | X |

**Notes:**
As an exercise, we can also apply the principle to each fuel type.  

For all fuels except Agricultural Residues, the estimate is 0.

However, for Agricultural Residues, we have the following situation.
27 in NREL listing and 33 in the EIA frame.  
However, we don’t have a lot of overlap.
Thus, both frames have a high error rate.

## Estimate Missing in Both 

- X = Pr(NREL error) * Pr(EIA error) * Total number of known facilities.
- X = (14/41) * (8/41) * 41 = 2.7 missing

**Notes:**
Solving for X, we obtain 2.7 missing elements.

## Assumptions 

- 2 necessary assumptions (neither of which hold):
- Frames need to be independently assembled.
- NREL uses secondary sources including EIA.
- Missing frame information should be random rather than systematic.
- Appears not to be the case: 140 out of 214 of the missing elements in the EIA frame (65%) are timber residues.

**Notes:**
We have 2 key assumptions neither of which hold in this situation.

Read 2 dashes.
# Presentation: 523477

## Comments on Development of a Performance Target for  Human Space Flight Safety 

## Background

- The FAA has specific performance targets that it tracks to measure how well it is meeting certain objectives such as in the area of improving safety:
- No fatalities, serious injuries, or significant property damage to the ***uninvolved public*** during licensed or permitted space launch and reentry activities.
- In anticipation of commercial human space flight (HSF) in the future, the FAA briefed the COMSTAC RLV Working Group on May 17, 2007, about the FAA’s plan to work with COMSTAC to develop an additional safety performance target for flight crew and space flight participants.

## Background (cont.)

- On October 10, 2007, the COMSTAC RLV Working Group was invited to submit comments and suggestions for a proposed HSF performance target.  Example of a target that the FAA presented for discussion purposes only:
**Commercial HSF Fatal Accident Rate**
-     Limit the fatal accident rate for commercial launches and reentries carrying flight crew or space flight participants to less than the overall historical rate of 1%.

## Comments

- The FAA received nine comments from different companies, organizations, and individuals.
- Four respondents commented that it’s too early to establish an HSF safety performance target at this time.
- A specific performance target should not be chosen until more  commercial human space flights have occurred.
- The previous FAA briefing to the COMSTAC RLV Working Group asked several questions about what should be included in an HSF safety performance target.

## Majority of the Responses

| Include all human space flights? | Yes |
| --- | --- |
| Include commercial human space flights only? | No |
| Include U.S. and foreign launches? | Yes |
| Include more than one target? | Yes |
| Separate licensed launches from permitted launches? | Yes |
| Separate space flight participant casualties from crew casualties? | Yes |
| Separate suborbital flights from orbital flights? | Yes |
| Separate fatalities from casualties?   | No |

- Should the target...

## Additional Comments

- Additional comments were provided on:
- The need for meaningful targets
- The desire for targets that use comparable systems
- The importance of having a statistically meaningful flight history
- The authority of the FAA to set an HSF safety performance target.

## Considerations

- The FAA will consider the comments it receives as it develops a performance target for HSF safety.
- It is not too early to consider what metrics should be used to monitor HSF safety in the future.
- The FAA would like the continued assistance of COMSTAC in creating these metrics.

## Follow-on Discussion

## Preliminary HSF Safety Target

- Limit the fatal accident rate for licensed suborbital launches and reentries carrying flight crew or space flight participants to less than the overall historical rate of 1%.
# Presentation: 123928

## Accelerator System Goals of LARP CM#9

- 17 October 2007
- LARP CM#9 - SLAC
- Tom Markiewicz/SLAC

*BNL - FNAL- LBNL - SLAC*

_**US LHC Accelerator Research Program**_

## Goals

- Review Status and Plans of FY07 tasks continuing into FY08
- Make more detailed plans for new FY08 plans
- Crystal Collimation Experiment Run Plan
- Take advantage of SLAC presence at this meeting to hear
- New Initiative Proposals derived through recent visits and contacts at CERN
- PeP-II run will be ending
- Creation of new LHC Accelerator R&D Department at SLAC
- Address other programmatic crises
- Luminosity Monitor review and recommendations for resource allocations
- Schottky “scope creep” and desire for new funds
- Begin to try to redefine the “New Initiative” process so that
- There is a continuous flow throughout the year
- Tasks are matched to available resources
- Top down versus bottoms up budgets
- Contingency

## FY07 Tasks

## FY08 Tasks

## Crystal Collimation Discussion

**Discussion Document **
**A Crystal Collimation Experiment at the Tevatron**
-  ...  *We present the conceptual design of the system, ..., and plans for the near-term measurements. Then minor modifications to the Tevatron needed to implement the full crystal and beam diagnostics systems are described along with studies proposed at a second stage based on substantial contributions of all the parties involved. The US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) will co-ordinate and partially support the U.S. side of the collaboration.*
*Planning for Dec 6-7 Collaboration meeting at Fermilab*

## Crystal Collimation – Thursday AM

- Hardware required
- Expertise required
- Simulations of performance prior to run
- Contributions from interested parties

## 9 New Initiatives-Thursday 1:30PM

- While it is understood that money is always tight and FY08 in particular has been allocated with little wiggle room, consensus is that we try to improve LARP system to:
- Introduce projects early enough to get input from relevant parties: lab partners, CERN, home institution
- Consider how to have LARP manage, or incubate, LHC projects taken on as part of the lab’s base program
- Give management more time to request new monies and/or manage existing funds

## Status Reports-Example-Rotatable CollimatorsJeff Smith – Thursday 8:30AM

- Last of MANY test parts finished & work beginning on 1st Full Length Jaw
# Presentation: 517197

## garden lovage 

_*Levisticum*_ * *_*officinale*_* * W.D.J. Koch
- Synonyms:  _*Levisticum*_ * *_*paludapifolium*_*,* * *_*Hipposelinum*_* * _*levisticum*_._ _
- Other common names;  lovage, love parsley, sea parsley, smallage, maggi plant.

**Food:**
- Due to its hardiness and strong celery taste it has become a popular plant in many gardens.  It is used as a spicy vegetable in salads, salad dressings, soups, sauces, candies, syrups and liqueurs.
**Culturally:**
- Lovage is native to Afghanistan.  It came to America with the earliest European settlers and soon became naturalized.  History records Greeks and Romans using it extensively.  They placed leaves in sandals to alleviate bad odors.
**Medicinally:**
-  Best known for its ability to help digestion and relieve flatulence.  The tea has been used to treat coughs, sore throats, colds, sinus problems, jaundice, malaria, reduce water retention, alleviate kidney stones, as a diuretic and to stimulate menstruation.  It is also used in baths to relieve skin and eye irritations.

- Photo courtesy of:  Ontario, Canada government.

- Slide developed by Pat Broyles, Soil Conservationist, Manhattan, KS. PMC.  USDA is an equal opportunity employer.
# Presentation: 712993

## Natural Gas Production Monthly Survey

- By
- Inderjit Kundra

## Why 

- There is no timely source of monthly natural gas production in the U.S.
- EIA-914 is needed to estimate reliably and disseminate timely monthly natural gas production data for the U.S.

## Regions

-  Texas (TX)
-  Federal Gulf (FG)
-  Louisiana (LA)
-  New Mexico (NM)
-  Oklahoma (OK)
-  Wyoming (WY)
-  Others

## How 

- Sample size was determined by using Presumed Optimum Allocation formulae

- Where CSS	denotes calculated Sample Size
- 	h	denotes stratum in a region
- 	_N(h)_	denotes number of operators in a stratum
- 	S(h)	denotes standard Deviation in stratum h
- 	CV	denotes coefficient of variation
- 	y(hi)	denotes the production for operator i in stratum h

## Frame -   2002 EIA-23 

- _Operators _
- Size 	    20,906
- Zeros	     5,527
- Blanks    8,094
- Usable    7,285

##  Estimated Sample Sizes

| Region | 5% CV |  |  |  |  | 1% CV |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Certainty Group* | Certainty Coverage |  | Proposed Sample Size |  | Certainty Group | Certainty
Coverage | Proposed Sample Size |
| (1) | (2) | (3) |  | (4) |  | (5) | (6) | (7) |
| US | 58 | 76% |  | 111 |  | 95 | 82% | 176 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| TX | 52 | 74% | 96 |  |  | 134 | 86% | 221 |
| FG | 12 | 72% | 20 |  |  | 18 | 81% | 27 |
| LA | 34 | 72% | 57 |  |  | 71 | 87% | 96 |
| NM | 15 | 80% | 28 |  |  | 21 | 84% | 36 |
| OK | 35 | 72% | 63 |  |  | 56 | 79% | 98 |
| WY | 25 | 93% | 31 |  |  | 29 | 96% | 35 |
| OTHERS | 38 | 73% | 63 |  |  | 46 | 76% | 75 |
| Regional SUBTOTAL  | 211 | - | 358 |  |  | 375 | - | 588 |

***An operator within a region having a measure of size greater than or equal to total production divided by 2n was selected with certainty.****  **

## Sample Selection Plans  

- Single State Stratified Random Sample
- Probability Proportional to Size

## TREATMENT OF BLANKS & ZEROS

- INITIAL FIELDING OF A SAMPLE OF 100 EACH  AND EVALUATE  THE RESPONSES
- Zeros are the results of either rounding up or no gas production.
- Blanks could be due to non-response, out of business, mergers, or any other unknown factors.

## Texas

- Monthly estimates for Texas are developed using Texas Railroad Commission (TRRC) and the Multinomial Model.  This model helps in forecasting data for non-respondents.
- These estimates are revised when more data are received.

## Questions for the Committee 

- Committee’s Comments are invited on all aspects of the survey methodology
- If some of the sampled operators showing zeros and blanks in the frame have a large production, how would the committee treat the zeros and blanks?
# Presentation: 236098

## Early Stimulant Exposure Impact on Later Substance Abuse: A Longitudinal Study

- F. Xavier Castellanos
- Rachel Klein
- Sal Mannuzza
- John Moulton
- NYU Child Study Center

## The New York Longitudinal Sample

- Recruited 1970 – 1977
- Lower middle class Caucasians; > 90% male
- Initial ages 6 to 12 y
- Pervasively hyperactive (included blinded in- school observations)
- Excluded if primarily aggressive
- [Main source of DSM-III criteria for ADHD]

## Treatment of ADHD in Childhood

- All subjects diagnosed by Rachel Klein
- All psychopharmacology managed by Don Klein
- Free treatment – research clinic
- Other options essentially unavailable
- Methylphenidate – mean 38 mg/day
- Identical to MTA titration!
- Duration: 7 d to 5 y; mean 2.2 y

## Slide 4

## Slide 5

## How Do We Measure the Brain? 

- Zijdenbos, Giedd, Blumenthal, Paus, Rapoport, & Evans

## Total Cerebral Volumes

- 700

- 800

- 900

- 1000

- 1100

- 1200

- 1300

- 1400

- 1500

- 0

- 5

- 10

- 15

- 20

- 25

**AGE (y)**

**mL**

**ADHD F**

**ADHD M**

**NV F**

**NV M**

- N=291; 544 scans

## Total Cerebral Vol. Growth Curves

- Controls > ADHD P<.003

- Castellanos, JAMA 2002

## Total Cerebral Volume in Healthy Controls, Medicated ADHD, and Initially Unmedicated ADHD

- 1000

- 1020

- 1040

- 1060

- 1080

- 1100

- 1120

- 1140

- 1160

- 1180

- 4

- 5

- 6

- 7

- 8

- 9

- 10

- 11

- 12

- 13

- 14

- 15

- 16

- 17

- 18

- 19

- 20

- 21

- 22

**Age (years)**

**mL**

** ****ADHD**

** ****MN**

** ****NV**

**Total Cerebral Volume in ****Healthy**** ****Controls****, ****Medicated ADHD****,**** and ****Initially Unmedicated ADHD**

## Slide 10

## N=291

**N=291**

## Early Normal  White Matter Development

- Paus et al., 2001
- Brain Res Bull

## Normal White Matter Development - Adulthood

- Increases ~linearly to max at ~ age 44
- N=70 men
- Cross-sectional
- Frontal, temporal WM
- Bartzokis et al., 2001
- Arch Gen Psychiatry

## Enduring Stimulant Effects?

- Not on teacher or parent behavior ratings
- Sensitization of accumbal circuitry?
- Predisposition to substance abuse?
- Well documented in animal studies
- Alternatively: protective against substance abuse
- Mechanism?
- Trophic effect on myelination?

## NY Longitudinal Study – Next Phase

- Reassess outcome at middle adulthood
- Mean age 39 y
- Interval substance abuse, psychiatric, functional outcomes
- Relate 3-T high-resolution structural MRI including diffusion tensor imaging to outcome
- Comparison with prospective control group
- Stratify by age treatment began
- NIDA – R01 DA-16979
# Presentation: 517679

## Workshop
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Rockville, Maryland

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
November 15-17, 2005

- U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
- Rockville, Maryland
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- November 15-17, 2005

**Viewers**

## Viewers

## Each Icon/Model has its Own, Affiliated Viewers 

**Right Click over Icon**
**Choose ****View/Print Module Output**
**Choose the Applicable Viewer**

**Each Icon/Model has its Own, Affiliated Viewers **

## To See More Details on Each Available

**To See More Details on Each Available**
** ****Viewer, choose “****see more details ...**** “**

**This summary provides**
**  ****1.  a description of the viewer**
**  ****2.  the DICtionaries that it consumes**
**  ****3.  the DICtionaries that it produces**

## The User has the Choice of Providing

**The User has the Choice of Providing**
**Their Own Viewer, using DICtionaries**

**Listing of Viewers**

## HIF Graphical View

**HIF Graphical**** View**

**1**

**2**

## HIF Probability of Exceedence View

**1**

**2**

**HIF Probability of Exceedence ****View**

**Base Case**

## Summary View of Risk, Hazard, and Dose

**Summary View of Risk, Hazard, and Dose**

## Source Term Soil Concentration

**Source Term Soil Concentration**
**SCF Graphical View**

## EPA’s Risk Assessment Guidelines

**Right Click over Icon**
**Choose “****Run Model****”**

**EPA’s Risk Assessment Guidelines**
**for Superfund (RAGS) Viewer**

**RAGS Viewer is an ICON because it links**
**to multiple Icons and performs analyses**

## EPA’s Risk Assessment Guidelines

**Right Click over Icon**
**Choose “****Run Model****”**

**RAGS Viewer is an ICON because it links**
**to multiple Icons and performs analyses**

**EPA’s Risk Assessment Guidelines**
**for Superfund (RAGS) Viewer**

## RAGS User Interface

**Threshold Cut-Off Levels**

**Equivalent to the 5****th**** percentile of**
**Exceeding a level of Risk/Hazard**

**Avoids statistical skew in modeling**
**results due to zero-laden tails**

**RAGS User Interface**

**1. CT and RME:  EPA RAGS Choices**
**2. Time Varying: Modeling Simulation Results**

## RAGS User Interface

**Values associated with the Central Tendency (CT) and Reasonable Maximum Exposure (RME) are designated by the user; therefore, the user needs to ensure that any values used actually represent a CT or RME.**

**RAGS User Interface**

## RAGS-Generated Summary Table

**RAGS-Generated Summary Table**
# Presentation: 796207

## Thin Film...Large PayoffSRS Technologies, Huntsville, AL.

- Thin Film...Large PayoffSRS Technologies, Huntsville, AL.

- Innovation

- Accomplishments

- Commercialization

- Government/Science
- Applications

- Cutting-edge thin-film concentrators for  space-based concentrators.

- Winner of 1999 R&D 100 Award.
- Developed methods to cast LaRC polyimides in single sheets measuring 85” x 150”.
- Built and tested a number of parabolic membrane collectors for various advanced government programs.
- Developed methods to cast polyimides in continuous rolls.

- Licensed and now produces several NASA-developed polyimides as powder, resin and rolled film.
- Currently the only company licensed to produce both LaRCTM-CP1 and LaRCTM-CP2 colorless polyimides. These materials exhibit long-term storage capability, which enables SRS to produce large inventories.
- NASA developed these materials which exhibit superior thermal stability and greater resistance to UV and VUV in a space environment.
- Promising business opportunities include production of rolled-film material, flat panel reflectors, and a number of light weight space structures.

- Flexible printed circuit substrates
- 	(currently under development)
- Deployable space structures (Boeing, AFRL, NASA, Thiokol, and NRL)
- Light weight collectors (NASA, AFRL, and Commercial Space Applications)
- Rolled Films (NASA, industry)

***Points of Contact:  ***
***NASA: Diane Stoakley 757-864-4246   ***
***SRS: Polyimide Products (877) 971-7032 1997 SBIR Phase II; NAS1-99079***

**5 meter Class Thin Film Inflatable**
**Torus Supported Concentrator**
# Presentation: 717979

## CRISIS

- Contingency
- recovery and continuity
- planning

- Incident Response

- Restoration
- and
- Continuity

- Business
- Recovery

- Business
- Resumption

- Risk Management
- and Loss control

-   Risk Assessment

- Business area
- impact analysis

- Crisis Management Team
- Coordination and Action

- Crisis
- Communications

- Training/Ex-
- ercises/Drills

- Incident Management

**CRISIS**
**EVENT**

- Crisis Management
- and
- Business Continuity
- from Harrald (1998) “A  Strategic
- Framework for Corporate Crisis
-  Management.”
- TIEMS ‘98 Proceedings.
- Washington, DC. P. 391.

- Disaster
- Recovery

- Safety and Security
- Management

**Overhead 18 – **
# Presentation: 089008

## Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come

- What will biofuels look like by the middle of the 21st century?
- John Sheehan

## Petro-chaos
Excitement over ethanol
The buzz about biodiesel
Biomass futures yet to come
“If I had a million dollars...”

- Excitement over ethanol
- The buzz about biodiesel
- Biomass futures yet to come
- “If I had a million dollars...”

## Petro-chaos

## Petro-chaos

## Petro-chaos

## My bet is on “high” oil

## Excitement over ethanol

## Excitement over ethanol

## Excitement over ethanol

## Excitement over ethanol

## Excitement over ethanol

## Excitement over ethanol

## Excitement over ethanol

## The buzz about biodiesel

## The buzz about biodiesel

- Actual annual production of biodiesel

## The buzz about biodiesel

- 397 MMgal/yr today
- Over 700 MMgal/yr projected

## The buzz about biodiesel

- 85 million metric tons per year of soybeans
- ~3 bgal/yr of oil
- Planned capacity approaching 30% soy oil?

## Futures yet-to-come

- "Men's courses will foreshadow certain ends, to which, if persevered in, they must lead," said Scrooge. "But if the courses be departed from, the ends will change. Say it is thus with what you show me."

## Technology yet-to-come

## Technology yet-to-come

## Technology yet-to-come

- My analysis focuses on biological processing of ag residues and energy crops to ethanol
- - New enzymes
- - New microbes
- - All-in-one “nirvana”

## Technology yet-to-come

## Biomass yet-to-come

## Biomass yet-to-come

## Biomass yet-to-come

## Bioethanol yet-to-come

## Biomass yet-to-come

## Other futures

## Other futures

## Other futures

## Other futures

## Other futures

- We need to seek holistic solutions to climate change and energy security in transportation
- Biofuels is not THE answer

## Ghost of Christmas Past

- Synfuels
- Gasohol
- SERI

- “Moral equivalent of war”

## If I had a million dollars

- Many other options besides ethanol and biodiesel
- How big can corn get?
- The hydrogen economy?
- What will trigger investors to move from corn ethanol to other biofuels?
# Presentation: 169139

## Diabatic heating fields in the GFS

- -examination of the d3d files from the gfs with 1 hr long wave
- -00hr (first timestep), 24 h and 72 h forecast files averaged over Sept. 1-18 and compared (2.5 deg resolution)
- Vertical coordinate sigma
- 24 h and 72 h apparently for 18-24 hr and 66-72 hr forecasts from 000 GMT, not accumulated over complete diurnal cycle.
- Zonal means examined for signs of model spin-up and adjustment
- _[Glenn.White@noaa.gov](mailto:Glenn.White@noaa.gov)_
- (Contours and colors vary from image to image, sorry ;).

## Zonal mean long wave cooling 

- Zonal mean long wave cooling

## Zonal mean short wave heating

## Long wave cooling more intense in first time step than at 24 hr, especially in boundary layer and upper tropical troposphere

- Changes in long wave and short wave tend to be small

## Slide 5

## Zonal mean deep convective heating

## Zonal mean shallow convective heating

## Deep convection more intense in first time step than at 24 hr; from 24 to 72 hr shows shifts in latitude.  After first time step, deep convection more concentrated, diminished in lower troposphere.

- Shallow convection changes relatively small, cooling near 8000 decreases from 24 to 72 hr.

## Slide 9

## Zonal mean heating due to vertical diffusion.

- Heating increases from f00 to f24 and a little from f24 to f72; cooling near 9000 decreases with forecast length

## Zonal mean large-scale heating cools atmosphere in first time step; warms midlatitudes and cools tropics at 24h and 72 hr. Changes more than any other component of diabatic heating.

## Slide 12

## Diabatic heating mostly cooling in first time step, especially intense near 50S, 8000.  Model acting to cancel satellite data model physics doesn’t like ????

## Slide 14

## Dominant terms in diabatic heating change f00 to f24.

- Large scale heating dominates change in diabatic heating
- Convective heating, vertical diffusion act to warm boundary layer

## Slide 16

## Radiative heating, shallow convection change less from f00 to f24.

## Deep convective heating most like total change in diabatic heating from day 1 to day 3; latitudinal position of ITCZ probably changes.

- Lare-scale heating changes also important, as in vertical diffusion in boundary layer in SH midlatitudes.

## Slide 19

## Slide 20

## Non-convective cloudiness

## Cloudiness relatively constant, increases at low levels near poles.

## Moistening due to deep convection

## Moistening due to shallow convection

## Slide 25

## Moistening due to vertical diffusion

## Slide 27
# Presentation: 075165

## Project Overview and Update

Jeff Zueger – General Manager
	Blue Flint Ethanol	

- Project Overview and Update
- Jeff Zueger – General Manager
- 	Blue Flint Ethanol

## Blue Flint Ethanol 

- Partnership:
- Headwaters Incorporated
- Great River Energy

## Located adjacent to Great River Energy, Coal Creek Station Underwood, ND
50 MGY Ethanol Production Facility
Headwaters Inc. – Operator / Manager
$85M+ project
Construction underway 
Operational 1st Quarter 2007

- Located adjacent to Great River Energy, Coal Creek Station Underwood, ND
- 50 MGY Ethanol Production Facility
- Headwaters Inc. – Operator / Manager
- $85M+ project
- Construction underway
- Operational 1st Quarter 2007

## Annual Utilization
18 million bushels of #2 yellow corn 
Energy – Steam and electricity
Chemicals
Annual Production
50 million gallons Ethanol - (permit 65MGY)
160,000 tons dry, or 420,000 tons wet distillers grains

- Annual Utilization
- 18 million bushels of #2 yellow corn
- Energy – Steam and electricity
- Chemicals
- Annual Production
- 50 million gallons Ethanol - (permit 65MGY)
- 160,000 tons dry, or 420,000 tons wet distillers grains

## GRE provides services to Blue Flint Ethanol 
Steam for process and drying distiller grains – Direct utilization of steam
Process water
Potable water
Fire Protection water

- GRE provides services to Blue Flint Ethanol
- Steam for process and drying distiller grains – Direct utilization of steam
- Process water
- Potable water
- Fire Protection water

## Site Overview

## Advantages:
No boiler and support infrastructure required for BFE – Energy Costs
No well, water treatment, or tanks
Resources readily available
Disadvantages
Physical site layout restrictions 
Integration of services – work within existing
Environmental
Effects on both parties business

- Advantages:
- No boiler and support infrastructure required for BFE – Energy Costs
- No well, water treatment, or tanks
- Resources readily available
- Disadvantages
- Physical site layout restrictions
- Integration of services – work within existing
- Environmental
- Effects on both parties business

## Project Construction

## Service providers
Ethanol Marketing – Eco Energy
Distillers Grains Marketing – Commodity Specialties
Corn Procurement – Falkirk Merchandising Group
BFE - 37 Employees
Current Staff - 5

- Service providers
- Ethanol Marketing – Eco Energy
- Distillers Grains Marketing – Commodity Specialties
- Corn Procurement – Falkirk Merchandising Group
- BFE - 37 Employees
- Current Staff - 5

## Diversity in Energy Production
Innovation in Ethanol production  
Annual Economic impact of $160 million
Co-siting provides opportunities for plant to be a low cost Ethanol producer

- Diversity in Energy Production
- Innovation in Ethanol production
- Annual Economic impact of $160 million
- Co-siting provides opportunities for plant to be a low cost Ethanol producer
# Presentation: 359445

## Fifth Annual CMRS Competition Report

**Opening Remarks**
**August 3, 2000**

## Total US Commercial Wireless Subscribers: 1992 to 1999

- Source: Federal Communications Commission

## Charting the Growth in the Mobile Telephone Industry: 1993 - 1999

**Subscribers**

**Jobs**

**Capital**
**Investment**

**Average**
**Subscriber**
**Bill**

**Wait for**
**Licenses**

**86 Million**
**Subscribers in 1999**

**156,817 Jobs in**
**1999**

**$71.3 Billion**
**Invested as of 1999**

**$41.24 Dollars Per**
**Month in 1999**

**7.8 Months From Application to Grant**

- Source: Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association

## Markets with More Than Two Mobile Telephone Providers: December 1994

## Markets with More Than Two Mobile Telephone Providers: December 1996

## Markets with More Than Two Mobile Telephone Providers: November 1999

- Mobile Telephone Competition

- Source: Federal Communications Commission

- Historical and Projected Average Price Per Minute for Mobile Telephone Service

- Source: The Strategis Group, 2000

## Entry Level Pricing for DOR-Type Plans (1998 vs 2000)

**20 minutes**

**180 minutes**

**150 minutes**

**300 minutes**

**300 minutes**

**600 minutes**

- Source: Company Web sites.

## The Sugrues “Graduate” to a “Share-a-Minute” Plan

- Source: Sugrue family budget

- Monthly Expenditure

- Price per Minute

**64¢/min**

**19¢**/**min**

**Separate **
**Plans**
- $45 for
- 70 mins.

**Combined**
**Plan**
- $40 for
- 210 mins.

## 1999 Wireless Penetration

- Source: Dennis H. Leibowitz, et al, *The Global Wireless Communications Industry*, Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, Winter 1999-2000, at 62 and 75.

## Change in Wireless Penetration (1998-1999)

- Source: Dennis H. Leibowitz, et al, *The Global Wireless Communications Industry*, Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, Winter 1999-2000, at 62.

## Average Minutes of Use Per Month - 2000E

- Source:  Michael  I. Rollins, *The Wireless EDGE*, Salomon Smith Barney, May 23, 2000, at 5.

## Average Annual Price for Basket of Digital Mobile Service for Personal Use (August 1999)

- Source:  OECD, *Cellular Mobile Pricing Structure and Trends*, May 2000, at ??.** **

## U.S. Subscribers vs Total Subscribers Abroad

- Source: Dennis H. Leibowitz et al, *The Global Wireless Communications Industry*, Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, Summer 2000, at 64.
# Presentation: 400204

## Technology for Mobile Broadband

***Bill Sullivan***
***Managing Director, Mobile Broadband Systems***
***Carlsbad, CA***

## ViaSat Background

***VSAT Products***

***Antenna***
***Systems***

***Consumer Broadband***

***Government***
***Products***

## ViaSat Broadband in the Sky

- ConneXion by Boeing
**Airborne transceivers**
**Ground transceivers**
- SKYLink by ARINC Direct
**Airborne integrated terminals including antennas**
**Complete ground infrastructure**
**7 x 24 network ops**

## The Push to Mobile Broadband

- Several recent advances pressing mobile broadband
**Cable/DSL roll-out**
**WiFi hot spots**
**Cellular packet data**
**Mobile DBS**
**Shipboard internet cafes**
- Broadband becoming ubiquitous
- True mobile broadband
**Lots of bandwidth**
**High speeds for subscribers**

## Mobile vs. Transportable

- Transportable:
**Lightweight packaging**
**Easy rapid set-up**
**Move, set up and then communicate**
- Mobile:
**Communications while in motion**

## The Mobile Broadband Problem

- Complex
- Trade-off

- Satellite
- Bandwidth and Power

- Waveform Design

- Network Management

- Antenna
- Size &
- Complexity

- Regulatory

## Key Technologies forMobile Broadband

- CDMA spread spectrum waveforms
**Huge enabler of mobile broadband**
- Innovative antenna apertures
- Antenna pointing & tracking
- Aggressive error correction codes
- Bandwidth recovery techniques
- Outage mitigation features
- Mobile IP networking

## CDMA = Mobile at Ku-Band

- Standard Ku antennas have narrow beamwidths
- Small antennas needed for mobile systems too wide
- CDMA waveform reduces adjacent satellite interference

## Antenna Subsystems

***KVH***

- Antenna aperture
**Low profile**
**Low footprint**
- Pointing / tracking
**Accuracy vs. cost**
**Smaller antennas can meet regulatory limits with less accuracy**
- Integrated design is key!!
**Waveform**
**Network management**

## Waveform Design

- Aggressive forward error correcting codes
**Turbo, PCCC, SCCC & others**
- Spread spectrum
- Outage mitigation
**Burst CRMA**
**Expanded interleaving**
**HTTP caching**
**Alternate media routing**

## PCMA Hub Cancellation

**Gateway Downlink View**

**Remote Downlink View**

**Gateway transmits Uplink signal**

**Gateway cancels its received signal**

**Subscriber Terminal transmits a return link**

***Return link power too low to interfere with Outbound***

***Return link above residual of cancelled Outbound Uplink***

**Gateway receives inbound return links from remotes**

## Mobile Broadband Future??

- Smaller & smaller antennas
**Innovative regulatory approaches**
- Other frequency bands?
**C-band for non-maritime?**
**Ka-band??**
- Press to reduce cost
**Cheaper bandwidth**
**Cheaper equipment**

## Summary

- Major shift in mobile satellite communications towards true broadband
**Mainstay low-rate heritage systems (e.g., Inmarsat) will remain and evolve**
**New Ku systems moving rapidly to market**
- ViaSat will remain a key player
**Innovative system architectures**
**Aggressive new products**
# Presentation: 024851

## NSSC Organization

- *Detailee

**Executive Director’s Office (XAOO)**
**Executive Director** (Rick Arbuthnot – KSC)
**Executive Officer** (Denise Catone - SSC)
- Chief Counsel
**Executive Secretary** (Kathy Slade - SSC)
- Secretary

**Service Delivery **
**Directorate (XD00)**

**Financial Mgmt Division**
**Chief **(Cindy Epperson - SSC)
- Admin Spec, Secretary
- Financial  Services Branch
-  (Teri Green- LaRC)
- Payroll/Travel Branch
- (Brenda Burks – DOD)
- (Seth Fargen – LaRC)
- (Kay Doane – DOD)
- (Leslie Anderson – SSC)
- - Financial Accounting Branch

**Director** (Fran Cook - GRC)
- Secretary
- Lead Communications Specialist
**Communication & Specialist**
-    (Koby South - JSC)
**Business Management Analyst**
-     (Rocky Lind - JSC)
- Business Analyst
- NSSC Lead Center Liaison
-  (Peggy Mosteller – SSC)
- NSSC Center Liaisons

**Customer Satisfaction &**
**Communication Office (XCOO)**

**Procurement Division**
**Chief **(Nick Etheridge - SSC)
- Secretary
-   - Research Activities Branch
- 	(Monique Sullivan- HQ)
-   - **Contract Management Branch**
-       (Michael Sweigart - MSFC)
-       (Ann Sharpe - SSC)
-       (Tasha Davis  - JSC)
- 	(Henry Molnar – SSC)
-   - Procurement Operations Branch

**Info Technology Division**
**Chief **(Terry Jackson - SSC)
- IT Architect, IT Mgmt
-     Analyst, Sec
-   - CIO & IT Security Services Team
-      (James Cluff- SSC)
-   - NSSC Operations Mgmt Team
-   - Future Requirements (ODIN)

**HR Services Division**
**Chief **(Dan Mangieri - KSC)
- Secretary
- HR Program Services &
-   Operations Team
- (Frank Prochaska- KSC)
- HR HRIS  & Training Team
- (James Hylton- DOD )

**Director **(Joyce Short - DOD)
**Deputy Director** (Ken Newton – KSC)
**Secretary ****(Jodi Yorkison – FDA)**
**Corporate Intern** (Anthony Kent)

**Business & Administration **
**Office (XB00)**

**Director **(Debbie King - MSFC)
**Deputy Director**
-    (Becky Dubuisson - SSC)*
- Secretary (Debbie Cagle-NMOC)
**Bldg & Infrastructure Mgmt Team**
-    (Bo Clarke - SSC)
**Operations & Budget Mgmt Team**
-    (Arthur Sparrow - LaRC)
-    (Shirley Chandler – MSFC)*
-    (Susie Cour-Palais – JSC)
-    (Nikki Tubbs – LaRC)
- Performance & Risk Mgmt Team
-   (Ruth McNeil- IRS)
**Human Resource Mgmt Team**
-    (Mike Hill - KSC)
-    (Kimberly Adams – DOD)
-    (Cassandra Clark-TSA)

**6**

**3**

**16**

**17**

**45**

**15**

**35**

**19**

**Total NSSC Civil Servants: 159**
- Identified Positions: 156
- Unidentified Positions: 3

- NSSC-EX-0015 12/13/05
# Presentation: 250302

## STAR simulations 

- GSTAR framework
- OO geometry model
- event access

- STAR detector at RHIC

## GSTAR

- STAR simulation framework since 96
- has a hierarchical design  to clearly separate user code from implementation details
- has improved memory management
- elastic ZEBRA (using malloc)
- no limits on number of tracks, vertices, hits etc    (apart from physical memory limits)
- has built-in interfaces to implementation
- Geant3/PAW,  MySQL,  ROOT

## Hierarchical design

- Open System Interconnection (OSI) model   as example: functionality in term of layers
- basic (physical) layer - platform dependant code, system libraries,graphics etc
- low (logical) layer - ZEBRA, DZDOC,HIGS
- upper (transport)  - G3, Paw+Kuip, DB, ROOT
- system (session) - AGI,  ROOT accessors
- user (application) - modules in F, AGI, C++

## STARgeometry

- Modules: 14
- Structures: 34
- Instances: 45
- Parameter values: 841

## Database Browser

- Versioned geometries

## STAR geometry

- Formalized description in specification language, including hits and DB access
- Many developers, very detail geometry (almost 2,000 different volumes)
- Altogether less then 8000 lines including field parameterization , easy to read
- No step routine is needed in most of the detectors,  no “if statement” problem

## GSTAR performance

- Fast enough - 30 min/10,000 particles, with a general 1 MeV cuts
- Calorimeter cuts tuned with test beam date down to 50 KeV
- Interfaced to all event generators
- Robust and well debugged production tool

## Requirements for rOOt interface

- Flexible, expandable access to geometry  objects from reconstruction program
- Modern visualization and navigation
- Access to hits from  a C++ code  as  if they were normal C++ objects
- fun, and even more fun

## New elements

- Initially missing elements
- Geometry navigator - trivial
- Geometry decoder - not so trivial, but feasible
- Volumes and positions separately - TVolume
- Volumes as position container - TDataset
- Hit navigator - trivial
- Hit presenter - StGeantHits

## G3 geometry model

- TDataset

- TVolume

- TVolumePosition

- TVolumePosition
-  list

- TVolumeView

- TShape

- StGeant

- TNode

- TVolumeView

- ctor

- ctor

## View as in G3

## Geant Hit Access Class

**class TPoints3DABC**
**(*****from ROOT G3D*****)**

**StGeantHits3D**

**StGeantHits()**
**...**
**GetNextHit(Int_t indx)**

- GZEBRA

**aghitget()**

**aghitset()**

## OpenGL viewer

## Star Event Display

##  Conclusions

- Now we have all this done and  working
- G3 geometry model used  in reconstruction
- calibrations and parameter organization
- Looking for a G4 interface
# Presentation: 421490

## NAS 125Lecture 6 – Local Winds

## SCALES OF MOTION

- Microscale:  few meters to ~5km     ex:  dust whirl
-                                                      smokestack plume

- Mesoscale:  5 to 100 km                 ex:  sea breeze
-                                                      thunderstorm

- Synoptic:  100’s to 1000’s km          ex:  high/low pressure
-                                                              systems

- Global:  scale of the earth               ex:  jet stream

## UP

- P - 2∆p

- P

- P - ∆p

## UP

- P - 2∆p

- P

- P - ∆p

- STRONGHEATING

- Which heats faster – the air over land or over water?

## H

- UP

- P - 2∆p

- P

- P - ∆p

- The warm air over the land expands!

- L

## H

- UP

- P - 2∆p

- P

- P - ∆p

- L

- What happens to the surface pressure?

- L

- A surface pressure gradient has been established

## H

- UP

- P - 2∆p

- P

- P - ∆p

- L

- L

- The flow along the surface is the sea breeze

## NORTH

## Slide 9

## CONVERGENCE!

## 8 AM

- 11 AM

## 2 PM

- 5 PM

## UP

- P -2 ∆p

- P

- P - ∆p

- Which cools faster – the air over land or over water?

## L

- UP

- P - 2∆p

- P

- P - ∆p

- H

- H

- The surface flow is the land breeze

## H

- UP

- P - 2∆p

- P

- P + ∆p

- L

- L

- Weaker sea breeze on cloudy day

## The Mountain-Valley System

- P - 2∆p

- P

- P - ∆p

## Which heats 

- Which heats
-    faster?

- The side of the mountain
-     or the valley?

## H

- P - 2∆p

- P

- P - ∆p

- L

- L

## H

- P - 2∆p

- P

- P - ∆p

- L

- L

- There is a valley breeze which is upslope flow

## L

- H

## L

- P - 2∆p

- P

- P - ∆p

- H

- At night, the side of the mountain cools rapidly

- H

## L

- P - 2∆p

- P

- P - ∆p

- H

- H

- MOUNTAIN
-         BREEZE

## COLD AIR DRAINAGE WINDS

- COLD

- P - 2∆p

- P

- P - ∆p

## H

- COLD

- P - 2∆p

- P

- P - ∆p

- L

## H

- P - 2∆p

- P

- P - ∆p

- L

- L

## Slide 26

## Slide 27

## Slide 28

## COR

**COR**

**PGF**

## Slide 30

## Slide 31

## Slide 32
# Presentation: 201890

## TeraGrid AAA (Today)

- Jim Marsteller
- PSC
- Jam@psc.edu

## TeraGrid Account Creation

- Researcher/PI

- New Project Creation

## TeraGrid Account Creation

- New Project Creation

- AMIE

- DataBase

- PI Vetting

## TeraGrid Account Creation

- Researcher/PI

- TeraGrid Add/Delete User Form
- http://www.teragrid.org/userinfo/add_user.php

- New User Creation

## TeraGrid Account Creation

- New Account Creation

- AMIE

- New User
- Vetting

-  Project Info
-  Valid Email
- - Affiliation Verification

## TeraGrid Account Creation

- New User Creation

- Allocations Dept.

## TG Account ManagementOverview

- Job submission

- Localacct’g& AM

*RP traditional HPC accounting*

- ssh

- TGCDB

- AMIE

- POPS

- NCSA

- AMIE

- TG Account ManagementOverview

-  TGadd_userform

*tgusage*

- UserPortal

- * Diagram Provided by Dave Hart (SDSC)

## FIN
# Presentation: 340047

## Trap sites 

- We have combined measurements and modeling to achieve this understanding of island nucleation on a quasicrystal surface:

***The model is a tool for future use.***
- Possible uses, to be tested:
- 	Self-growth of quasicrystals,
- 	Unnatural atomic structures in islands, and
- 	Quasiperiodic arrays of quantum dots.

***Trap sites ***
***(for Ag and Al adatoms)****  *

***Lead***
***to***

**-4**

**-1**

**-4**

**-1**

- 320K

- 300K

**Log****10**** Rate of Deposition  (ML/s)**

- at ***high deposition rate***.

**Log****10**** **
**{Island **
**density**** **
**(nm****-2****)}**
# Presentation: 385710

## Toward Better 

**Analysis Grids**

**Already have LAPS, MSAS, ADAS**

**all are pretty good - but each**
**have drawbacks**

## Drawbacks

**Data latency issues**

**Data comes in bursts, many with old data included**

**First guess issues**

**a 2-km analysis using a 20km first guess**

**Analysis issues**

**Timeliness**

**Drawing for all the data**

## Could we make an analysis system

**using something similar to serp?**

**Could it mitigate some of the other drawbacks?**

**fast enough to "re-run" and consider**
**new data for old hours**
**draw to all data points**
**use a GFE grid as the first guess - no**
**resolution differences**

## Every hour:

**Look through netCDF files of METAR and**
**mesonet data and find recently received**
**data (look through last 6 hours?)**
**Go back, and re-run the analysis for**
**6 hours ago, based on all the data now **
**available.**
**Then do 5 hours ago, 4 hours ago, etc.**

## Every hour continued:

**do one analysis using previous hour**
**analysis as first guess.  Also do one using**
**GFE model forecast as first guess. Then**
**average the two (helps to quickly "get rid**
**of" bad data).**
**Do for T, Td, and Wind**
**Then use normal GFE tools to calculate**
**RH, MinT, MaxT, etc.**

## After many improvements to serp efficiency,

**we can run 7 hours (6 hours ago to now) of**
**analyses for T, Td, Wind - at 2.5km resolution**
**in about ****10 minutes**** on GFEDEVEL boxes.**
**(typically around 300 T obs, 100 Td obs, 100**
**wind obs - after a couple of hours)**
**Can be run via cron - no user interaction**
**needed.**

## Worked on speed/efficiency of serp tool

**Working on ease of configuration - do netCDF**
**data retrieval using python instead of perl.**
**Need a GUI user interface to manually get rid**
**of the occasional bad data values**
**Need a seperate MinT/MaxT analysis.**
**probably run manually - but get as much data**
**as we can automatically.**

**STATUS**

## The resulting grids - Temperature

## The resulting grids - Dewpoint

## The resulting grids - RH (derived)

## The resulting grids - Wind

## Typical Data Distribution - Temperature