# Presentation: 244225

## Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization 

- U.S. Department of State

**Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization **
**(S/CRS)**

**U.S. Department of State**
**Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization**

## U.S. Policy Interests

- Over the past 15 years, the _U.S. has been involved in seven major post-conflict reconstruction and stabilization operations_, and contributed significant resources to over 10 more.*
- Failed and failing states provide _breeding grounds for terrorism_, crime, trafficking, humanitarian catastrophes and other threats to U.S. interests.
*Successful stabilization and reconstruction are essential to an achievable and sustainable exit strategy for military and peacekeeping forces. *
**Operational Assumptions:**
- Must address 2-3 significant reconstruction and stabilization operations concurrently.
- Most reconstruction and stabilization operations require 5-10 years for success; 50% lapse into conflict in the first 5 years.
- Stronger reconstruction and stabilization capabilities require additional resources.
- 	*The seven are Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia, Kosovo, Liberia, Afghanistan, and Iraq.  During this period the USG also devoted significant capabilities and resources to a variety of other post-conflict stabilization and reconstruction efforts, including in Cambodia, Mozambique, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Colombia, and East Timor, among other places. (RAND; Center on International Cooperation)

**U.S. Department of State**
**Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization**

## Mission

	In a Cabinet level decision, the Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization (S/CRS) was established to:
	Lead, coordinate, and institutionalize U.S. Government civilian capacity to prevent or prepare for post-conflict situations, and to help stabilize and reconstruct societies in transition from conflict or civil strife so they can reach a sustainable path toward peace, democracy and a market economy.	

- 	**In a Cabinet level decision, the Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization (S/CRS) was established to:**
- 	Lead, coordinate, and institutionalize U.S. Government civilian capacity to prevent or prepare for post-conflict situations, and to help stabilize and reconstruct societies in transition from conflict or civil strife so they can reach a sustainable path toward peace, democracy and a market economy.

**U.S. Department of State**
**Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization**

## Status

- Office operational: 37 staff from State, USAID, OSD, JCS, CIA, Army Corps of Engineers, JFCOM, Treasury.
- Interagency Policy Committee on Reconstruction and Stabilization with 8 working groups created.
- Designed a system to identify at-risk countries
- Database started to summarize USG capabilities
- Strong contacts with and support from combatant commands: JFCOM, EUCOM, SOCOM, SOUTHCOM, CENTCOM thus far.
- Working relations established with NDU, FSI, Carlisle, Naval War College, and others to support training and exercises.
- Forging relationships with UN, EU, and key countries seeking to develop similar capabilities
- Consultations with think tanks, NGOs, practitioners.
_***From Management to Action:***_
***S/CRS can improve the management of stabilization and reconstruction operations with existing resources.****  *
***If our goal is to build strong institutional capability to address one of today’s major national security challenges – preparing for and managing conflict – we need to invest resources to allow civilian agencies to plan, train, exercise and deploy rapidly.****** ***

**U.S. Department of State**
**Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization**

## Moving ForwardOperational Model: Five Functions

- _Monitor and Plan_: Identify states and regions of greatest risk and importance, and lead U.S. planning focused on these priorities to avert crises, when possible, to prepare for them as necessary. Integrate planning and exercises with the military.
- _Prepare Skills and Resources_: Establish and manage an interagency capability to deploy personnel and resources in an immediate surge response and the capacity to sustain assistance until traditional support mechanisms can operate effectively.  Civilian response corps and standby civilian capabilities will be developed.
- _Mobilize and Deploy_: Coordinate the deployment of U.S. resources and implementation of programs in cooperation with international and local partners to accelerate transitions from conflict to peace.
- _Coordinate Internationally_: Work with international organizations, international financial institutions, individual states and NGOs to harmonize approaches, coordinate planning, accelerate deployment of assets, and increase the interoperability of personnel and equipment in multilateral operations.
- _Learn from Experience_: Incorporate best practices and lessons learned into functional changes in training, planning, exercises, and operational capabilities that support improved performance.

**U.S. Department of State**
**Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization**

## Monitoring and Planning

*Fast and effective stabilization and reconstruction operations require advance planning and civil-military coordination*
- National Intelligence Council process started:
- List of countries at risk of instability identified
- Update every 6 months
- Focus on limited number to avert or prepare for conflict
- Civilian-Military Integration: Planning and Exercises with Military
- To date: engaged in planning/conducting S&R components of two exercises.
- In process: Annual program to help shape and participate in select military stabilization and reconstruction exercises
- Future: deploy Humanitarian, Reconstruction, and Stabilization Teams (HRSTs) to Combatant Commands for planning
- Requirement: common template for civilian and military S&R planning.

**U.S. Department of State**
**Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization**

## Conflict Prevention and Management: Core to the Planning Mission  

- Highest value-added. In acute situations, hardest to achieve.
- Absence of the prerequisites for success: local leadership, local strategy, local ownership, local credibility.
- Approach
- Understand and define the drivers of conflict.
- Redefine perception of self-interest and success.
- Establish costs for egregious behavior.
- Empower those committed to win-win situations.
- Tools
- Partnership with regional bureaus, FSI, NDU: generate ideas, test them, apply.
- Engage our field actors: Embassies, COCOMS, USAID.
- Coordinate with international community and external partners.

**U.S. Department of State**
**Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization**

## Skills and Resources: Requirements to Deliver and Implement 

**Global Skills and Resources Network:** Rosters and contracts with Firms, Individuals, NGOs, and USG Specialists
**Civilian Response Corps:** Feasibility study to assess how government can quickly access people and skills in private sector, such as: constabulary, police, judicial, civil administration, city planning, public finance, etc.

| Sector | Providers: 	  Programs  (illustrative) |
| --- | --- |
| Transitional Security | State/INL: 		Intl. civilian police contracts
State/PM: 		International constabulary
Note: though not under S/CRS, military forces (e.g. MPs, Civil Affairs) play role in transitional security |
| Rule of Law | DOJ: 		Investigations, prosecution, justice, corrections programs
State/ INL: 	 Civilian police programs
USAID: 	 Development of legal systems |
| Infrastructure | USAID: 	 Development assistance; public services
USACE: 	 Reconstruction |
| Humanitarian/
Transition | USAID:	 PSC Rosters, Food programs
USDA:	 Food programs
State/PRM:	 Refugee relief |
| Economic, Social, Private Sector | USAID:	 Economics, job creation, health services
Treasury:	 PSC rosters
Commercial Agencies |
| Governance and Participation | USAID:	 Civil society, governance, elections programs
State/DRL:	 Elections assistance |

**U.S. Department of State**
**Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization**

## Mobilize and Deploy: Additional USG Requirements to Lead, Coordinate, Design and Manage 

**U.S. Department of State**
**Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization**

**Mobilize and Deploy: Additional USG Requirements to Lead, Coordinate, Design and Manage **

**S/CRS leadership and coordination: **Request: 54 positions in
- 	FY06, initial funding in FY05 Supp
*Lead, plan, coordinate, mobilize civilian response. *
**Diplomatic Operations: Active Response Corps: **Requesting resources in FY06
*Rapid deployment; participate/facilitate diplomatic operations; peace negotiations; on-ground coordination with transitional governments, IOs, NGOs.  *
**Technical Corps for Design and Management Skills: **TBD
*Rapid design and management of transitional governance and civilian security programs, etc.*
**Advance Civilian Teams: Drawn from S/CRS, Active Response and Technical Corps**
*Deploy with military at brigade or division level, foundation for PRTs*

***Coordination is made or broken by whether we have a diplomatic presence on the ground...***
***...******the Active Response and Technical  Corps give us the ability to deploy quickly when the momentum of stabilization and reconstruction hangs in the balance***

## Mobilize and Deploy: Washington Response Management

**U.S. Department of State**
**Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization**

## Coordinate with the International Community

- U.S. working with international partners to increase global capacity for peacekeeping and peace support activities.
- Managing Relations on the Ground
- Rapid deployment of civilian presence allows field-based coordination of civ-mil operations
- Active Response and Technical Corps create a U.S. civilian base to coordinate with international partners, UN missions, and NGOs

_*UN*_
*Engaging DPKO, DPA, OCHA, UNDP, UNICEF to coordinate security, emergency, and developmental aid*

_*EU*_
*Coordinating on constabulary, policy, judges, civil administration, early warning;*
*For 2007, **€**550m stability instrument;*
*New European constabulary initiative*

_*Bilateral Partners*_
*UK: new post conflict unit and fund*
*Germany: establishing skills reserve*
*France: named S&R coordinator *
*Nordics: building niche expertise*
*Canada: Considering S&R office*

_*IFIs*_
*World Bank, IMF, Regional Banks creating vehicles to assess and respond to conflict*

_*G-8*_
*Enhancing international peacekeeping and constabulary capacity through train&equip;*
*Deepening support for regional organizations*

_*Regional Organizations*_
*Neighbors bear 50% of costs of conflict, but regional **organizations weak;*
*Priority: Strengthen AU*

_*NATO*_
*Engaging on*
*stabilization and*
*reconstruction planning*
*and civ-mil *
*coordination*

**U.S. Department of State**
**Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization**

## INVESTMENT

**U.S. Department of State**
**Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization**

- $124.1 m for civilian rapid response

- PAYOFF

| Military Operations | Accelerated Withdrawal | Savings |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Division
Division | 1 month
6 months | $1.2 b
$7.2 b |
|  |  |  |
| Peacekeeping
MONUC (Congo)

UNMIL (Liberia) | Accelerated Withdrawal
6 months

6 months | Savings
$524 m (US share: $140 m)
$403 m (US share: $108 m) |
|  |  |  |

## S/CRS Contacts

**U.S. Department of State**
**Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization**

**S/CRS Contacts**

- For more information, please contact our Public Affairs Office:
-  Melanie Anderton, scrs_pa@state.gov or 202-663-0301
- Please also visit our website:
-  www.state.gov/s/crs
*Last updated February 28, 2005*