# Presentation: 924534

## Unit 2 Chain Saw Maintenance and Operation

- S-212 Wildland Fire Chain Saws

- Unit 2

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## Unit 2 Objectives

**Identify basic chain saw parts nomenclature, maintenance, tuning, troubleshooting and chain saw safety features.**
**Demonstrate field maintenance tasks required for chain saw operation.**
**Demonstrate chain saw starting and handling procedures.**
**Demonstrate the use of tools that support field chain saw operations.**

## Unit 2 Practicum

**Remove the bar and chain, inspect them for damage and wear, and clean them.**
**Remove and clean (or replace) the air and fuel filters.**
**Inspect the power head for loose bolts and damage.**
**Replace the bar and chain.**
**File the chain.**

**Demonstrate field maintenance for the chain saw, including:**

## Chain Saw Components

**Clean Bar**
**Sharp chain**
**Less fatigue & greater safety**

**The bar and chain are the most important parts of your chain saw.**

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## Types of Saw Chain

**Chipper**
**Chisel**
**Semichisel**

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## The Cutter and Depth Gauge

**top plate**

**rivet hole**

**heel**

**gullet**

**toe**

**cutting corner**

**side plate**

**depth gauge**

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## How a Cutter Works

**Depth gauge determines depth of cut**

**Cutting corner severs cross grains**

**Top plate chisels away fibers**

**Notes:**
How A Cutter Works
 The depth gauge rides on the wood and controls the depth at   which the cutting corner bites in.
 The working corner and side plate sever the cross grains.  This is   the hardest part of the work.
 The top-plate cutting edge chisels and removes the severed wood   fibers, creating  the kerf.    (Kerf is the gap left after a cut is   made.) 

## Chipper

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## Chisel

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## Semichisel

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## Parts of the Chain

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**tie strap**

**  ****right-hand cutter**

**left-hand cutter**

**drive link**

## Drive Link

**	****Draws oil from bar groove to lubricate the chain, and the tang fits into the sprocket to be driven by the powerhead.**

## Cutter sequences

**Standard**

**Semiskip**

**Skip or Full Skip**

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## Bar Markings

**Bar length**

**Pitch**

**Number of ****drivers**

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## Types of Guide Bars

**Solid Tip Bar**

**Sprocket Tip Bar**

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## Parts of the Chain Saw

**Tension **
**adjustment **
**screw**

**clutch drum**

**Chain catcher**

**front handle**

**hand guard**

**rear handle**

**throttle trigger**

**throttle**
**interlock**

**dogs**

**Guide bar**

**chain**

**muffler**

**Cooling fins**

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**Bar studs**

**Notes:**
USE SLIDE 02-66-S212-EP IN AREAS WHERE HUSQUAVARNA IS THE BRAND OF CHAIN SAW IN USE.

## Clutch and Flywheel Bearings

**Needle ****bearings**

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**Clutch Assembly**

## Parts of the Chain Saw

**Flywheel/fan**

**Oil**
**tank**

**Air filter cover**

**Safety information**

**Throttle**
** ****interlock**

**Throttle**
**trigger**

**Magneto**

**Gunning**
** ****mark**

**On/off switch**
**& choke**

**Fuel tank**

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**Notes:**
USE SLIDE 02-67-S212-EP IN AREAS WHERE HUSQUAVARNA IS THE BRAND OF CHAIN SAW IN USE.

## Sprocket and Clutch Cover

**Sprocket**

**Clutch cover**

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**Bar Stud**

**Chain Tensioner**

## Carburetor

**Carburetor**

**Tuning**
**screws**

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**Choke**

## Tuning Adjustment Screws

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**Idle**

**High**

**Low**

## Guide Bar Maintenance

**Incorrect chain tension**
**Lack of lubrication**
**Improper cutting techniques**
**Normal wear**

**Guide bar problems in the bar rails are generally caused by:**

## Poor Rail Conditions

**CORRECT**

**INCORRECT**

**CORRECT**

**INCORRECT**

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## Poor Rail Conditions

**Blue discoloration**
**Check bar groove**
**Wear just behind the nose**

## Chain Tension

**Turn the saw off!**
**Wear protective gloves.**
**Wait until bar and ****chain have cooled before adjusting ****the tension.**

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## Adjusting Chain Tensionon solid nose bar

**Disengage the chain brake.**
**Loosen the bar nuts on the side of the saw.**
**Pull the nose of the bar up and keep the nose up as you adjust the tension.**
**Turn the guide bar’s adjustment screw until the bottoms of the lowest tie straps and cutters just touch the bottom of the bar.**

## Adjusting Chain Tensionon a solid nose bar

**Still holding the nose up, tighten the rear bar nut, then the front bar nut.**
**Pull the chain by hand along the top of the bar several times from the engine to the tip. The chain should feel snug, but pull freely.**** **

## Remove the bar and chain for inspection and cleaning.
Check the bar for wear: uneven rails, flared edges, cracks, damage requiring service.

**Remove the bar and chain for inspection and cleaning.**
**Check the bar for wear: uneven rails, flared edges, cracks, damage requiring service.**

**Clean the chain groove and oil holes.**
**Start at the tip with the bar tool and clean toward the base.  Oil holes must be clean.**
**The sprocket nose  should spin freely.**
**Grease the roller tip.**

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- Guide Bar Maintenance

## Remove and Clean Air Filter

**Take care not to damage the filter.  ****Gently tap the filter against a hard surface.  Don’t rub or scrape it.  Do not clean the filter with saw fuel.  **
**Follow the manufacturer’s ****recommendations for ****cleaning the air filter and ****determining whether it ****needs to be replaced.  **

## Muffler, Spark Arrester & Plug

**Check the muffler and spark arrester.**
**Replace the spark arrester screen if it has any holes.**
**Remove the spark plug.  Check for fouling.  The tip of the plug should be beige, not black.  The plug should be dry.  Check the plug weekly when the saw is in frequent use.**

## Power Head

**Inspect the power head for loose bolts and damage: tighten the bolts or repair the power head if necessary.**
**Check the handlebars for loose bolts or cracks.**
**Check the dogs for loose or bent bolts.**
**Check the antivibration mounts.  Look for cracks in the rubber.  Excessive  movement of the engine or a loose feeling when the saw is shaken indicates loose or broken mounts.**

## Replace Bar and Chain

**Rotate the bar so that it wears evenly.**
**Check for proper alignment of the bar with the bar studs, tension adjuster, and oiler.**
**Check the chain tension.  ****The chain should be adjusted ****so that it doesn’t hang from ****the bar but still turns freely.**
**Check the chain brake to ****ensure it is operating properly.**

## Chain Maintenance

**The chain must be correctly sharpened.**
**The depth gauges must be set correctly. **
**The chain must be correctly tensioned. **
**The chain must be well lubricated.**

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## Chain Filing

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## Depth Gauge

**   ****The depth gauge rides on the wood ****and controls the depth at which the cutting corner bites into the wood.**

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## Top-Plate Cutting Angle

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## Cutter Maintenance Terms

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## Sharpening Cutters with a Round File

- Sharpening Cutters with a Round File

**Be sure that the chain is tensioned properly.**

**Maintain the correct top-plate angle.**
**Sharpen cutters on one side of the chain first.**
**Keep the length of all cutters equal.**

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## Setting Depth Gauges

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## Saw Transportation: Vehicle

**Keep the bar and chain covered with a chain guard.**
**Properly secure the chain saw to prevent it from being damaged and to prevent fuel from spilling.**
**Never transport a chain saw or fuel in a vehicle’s passenger compartment.**

## Saw Transportation: by Hand

**When carrying the saw for short distances, set the chain brake.**
**When carrying the saw more than 50 feet, shut the saw off and carry it without touching the chain, ****muffler, and dogs.**
**When carrying the ****saw on your shoulder, ****wear proper PPE, ****and watch out for the ****sharp chain and dogs.**

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## Personal Protective Equipment

**hard hat**

**hearing protection**

**bar cover**

**gloves**

**fire shirt**

**fire shelter**

**axe**

**saw chaps**

**protective boots**

**fire pants**

**wedges**

**eye protection**

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## Safe Chain Saw Starting

**Drop-starting a chain saw is strictly forbidden.**
**Maintain a secure grip on the saw at all times.**
**Always start the saw with the **_**chain brake engaged**_**.**
**Start the saw on the ground or where it is firmly supported.**

## Starting Saw on the Ground

**Set the chain brake.**
**Place the saw on firm ground in an open area.**
**Announce you are STARTING UP.**
**Grip the front handlebar firmly with your less-dominant hand.**

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## Place the toe of your right foot into the rear handle and press down.
Pull the starting rope with your dominant  hand until you feel resistance.
Give a strong, brisk pull.  Gradually return the starting rope to the housing.  DO NOT allow the starting rope to snap back.

**Place the toe of your right foot into the rear handle and press down.**
**Pull the starting rope with your dominant  hand until you feel resistance.**
**Give a strong, brisk pull.  Gradually return the starting rope to the housing.  DO NOT allow the starting rope to snap back.**

- Starting Saw on the Ground

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## Operational Safety

- “Show saw w/full wrap handlebar”
- (don’t know what kind of saw that is)

## Handling the Saw

**Never operate a chain saw with one hand.**
**Chain saws are designed for right-hand operation.**
**Place your fingers tightly around the handle and the handlebar.**
**Never operate a chain saw with the throttle lock engaged.**
**Maintain cutting area control.**
**Make sure that the saw chain does not contact any material such as rocks or wires.**

## Reactive Forces

**Kickback**
**                        ****Pushback**
**    ****Pull-in**

## Kickback

**   ****During kickback, the bar is forced up and back in an uncontrolled arc toward the sawyer.**

## Kickback

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## Avoiding Kickback

**Hold the saw securely with both hands.**
**Know where the bar nose is at all times.**
**Never let the bar tip contact rocks, wires or objects other than wood.**
**Never cut with the power head higher than your shoulder.**
**Never overreach.**
**Pull the saw smoothly out of the cuts.**

## Avoiding Kickback

**Cut one log at a time.**
**Stand to the side of the kickback arc.**
**Use caution when entering the bar into a partially completed cut.**
**Use a correctly sharpened and tensioned chain at all times.**
**Watch the kerf and the log for any movement that may pinch the chain.**
**Use low kickback chain.**

## Pushback

**   ****Pushback occurs when the chain ****on the top of the bar is suddenly stopped by contacting another object or by being pinched.  The chain drives the saw straight back toward the sawyer.**

## Pushback

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## Avoiding Pushback

**Only cut with the top of the bar when necessary.**
**Watch the kerf and the log for any movement that may pinch the top of the bar.**
**Do not twist the bar when removing it from a boring cut or underbuck.**

## Pull-In

**   ****Pull-in occurs when the chain on ****the bottom of the bar is caught or pinched, and suddenly stops.  ****The chain pulls the saw forward.**

## Pull-In

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## Avoiding Pull-in

**Always start a cut with the chain moving at half or near full speed****.**
**Watch the kerf and the log for any movement that may pinch the bar.  ****Use wedges to keep the cut open.**

## Axes

**   ****Axes are used to remove bark from trees and to drive wedges during felling and bucking.**

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- Additional Tools

## Wedges

**   ****Wedges are essential tools for safe felling and bucking.  They provide a way to lift the tree, preventing the tree from sitting back when it is being felled.  Wedges also reduce binds on the saw when bucking.**

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## Fuel and Oil Containers

**   ****The most commonly used fuel and oil container is the two-chambered (DOLMAR type) safety container.**

**Transport large quantities in an approved safety can.**

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## Fueling a Chain Saw

**Allow the saw to cool for at least 5 minutes before refueling.**
**Fill the saw on bare ground or on some other noncombustible grounded surface.**
**Immediately clean up ****spilled fuel.**
**Refuel outdoors and at least ****20 feet from any open flame ****or other sources of ignition.**

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## Fueling a Chain Saw

**Fill the gas tank first, then the oil tank.**
**Do not over fill the fuel or oil tanks.**
**Hand tighten the fuel and oil tank caps.  Be careful not to cross thread them!**
**Do not start the saw closer than 10 feet from the fueling area.**

## Peaveys and Cant Hooks

**Cant hook**
**Peavey**

**blunt end**

**point on end**

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## Review Unit 2 Objectives

**Demonstrate field maintenance tasks required for chain saw operation.**
**Demonstrate chain saw starting and handling procedures.**
**Demonstrate the use of tools that support field chain saw operations.**

## Parts of the Chain Saw

**chain**
**tensioner**

**clutch &**
**sprocket**

**chain**
**catcher**

**handlebar**

**hand guard**

**rear handle**

**throttle trigger**

**throttle**
**interlock**

**chain**
**sprocket**
**cover**

**Guide bar**

**chain**

**muffler**

**decompression**
**valve**

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**oiler**
**adjustment **
**screw**

**Notes:**
USE THIS SLIDE TO REPLACE SLIDE 02-16-S212-EP IN AREAS WHERE HUSQUAVARNA IS THE BRAND OF CHAIN SAW IN USE.

## Parts of the Chain Saw

**chain**

**dogs**

**bar**

**on/off switch**

**handlebar**

**rear handle**

**trigger**

**oil filler cap**

**muffler**

**starter grip**

**throttle interlock**

**hand guard**
**& chain brake**

**fuel filler cap**

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**Notes:**
USE THIS SLIDE TO REPLACE SLIDE 02-18-S212-EP IN AREAS WHERE HUSQUAVARNA IS THE BRAND OF CHAIN SAW IN USE.