# Presentation: 400214

## The first two years of the MIPAS/ENVISAT mission: Scientific results related to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS)

- Gabriele P. Stiller
- IMK, Forschungszentrum/Universität Karlsruhe, Germany

## Acknowledgments

- N.Glatthor, U. Grabowski, M. Höpfner, S. Kellmann, M. Kiefer, A. Linden, G. Mengistu Tsidu, M. Milz, T. Steck, T. von Clarmann, D.-Y. Wang, H. Fischer
- IMK, Forschungszentrum/Universität Karlsruhe, Germany
- B. Funke, M.E. Koukouli, M. Lopez-Puertas
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, CSIC, Granada, Spain
- J. Steinwagner
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany

## Outline

** ****Introduction to the MIPAS experiment and data analysis**
** ****Results**
**Tropical tracers**
**Tropical water vapor**
**Biomass burning **
**Identification of deep intrusion by MIPAS S6 mode **
**Conclusions **

**Outline**

## Scientific questions at UTLS

- From G. Brasseur, SPARC mtg 2004

## Introduction to the MIPAS experiment

- Spectral range: 4.15 to 14.6 m  (685 to 2410 cm-1)
- Spectral resolution: 0.035 cm-1 (unapodized)
- NESR: 50 (685 cm-1) to 4.2 (2410 cm-1) nW/cm2srcm -1
- Radiance calibration via deep space and BB meas.
- Scans across the limb during 17 interferometer sweeps
- Altitude range (standard): 6 - 68 km, 3 km step width
-  Since January 2005 MIPAS measures in a reduced spectral resolution mode (0.0625 cm-1) due to mechanical problems

**Introduction to the MIPAS experiment**

## MIPAS Observation Geometry

**MIPAS Observation Geometry**

## MIPAS Global Coverage

**MIPAS Global Coverage**

## MIPAS Spectral Coverage

**MIPAS Spectral Coverage**

## MIPAS measurements and data analysis

**MIPAS measurements and data analysis**

- Tropics, 9 km

- S polar winter, 9 km

- N midlat, 9 km

- Tropics, 18 km

- S polar winter, 18 km

- N midlat, 18 km

- O3+CO2

- HNO3

- CFC11

- O3

- CO2

- CFC12

## IMK Retrieval approach (RCP)

**IMK Retrieval approach (RCP)**

**Non-linear**
**constrained**
**multi-parameter**
**Levenberg-Marquardt**
**least-squares fit **

**of spectral data of all tangent altitudes of one scan within one run (global fit)**

** ****Radiative transfer model: KOPRA**
** ****Constraint: Smoothness of the profile (Tikhonov-like                         **
**   ****regularization)**
** ****Retrieval grid: user defined, standard approach: **
**  ****1 km step width**
** ****Retrieval parameters: temperature, trace species, line of  **
**   ****sight, microphysical properties of clouds, non-LTE **
**   ****process parameters**
** ****Simultaneous retrieval of several parameters supported**
** ****Measurement vector: user defined ******** microwindows**

## Validation of tracers

**Validation of tracers**

- Comparison to BONBON, co-locations from forward/
- backward trajectory
- calculations
- J. Baehr et al., 2004

- Comparison to HAGAR, Kiruna
- 12 March 2003

## Tropical tracers: TROCCINOX 

## Tropical tracers: TROCCINOX 

**Tropical tracers: TROCCINOX**** **

## Tropical water vapor

**Tropical water vapor**

## HDO retrievals

**HDO retrievals**

- Zonal Mean  HDO, Sep 18th 2002, 14 orbits

- Zonal Mean  D, Sep 18th 2002, 14 orbits

- Steinwagner et al., ASA conf., 2005

## MIPAS Climatology JJA 2003, 18 km

-  Temperature                    Water vapor                Cloud tops

**MIPAS Climatology JJA 2003, 18 km**

**Milz et al., JGR, 2005**

## Cirrus clouds

**Cirrus clouds**

**Simulation of different sizes of ice particles**

## Biomass burning 

**Biomass burning **

- MIPAS observations of C2H6 at 275 hPa, 21 Oct – 14 Nov 2003

- pptv

## Biomass burning 

**Biomass burning**** **

- MATCH-MPIC model run, M. Lawrence et al., 2005

## Biomass burning 

**Biomass burning**** **

- MIPAS O3, 275 hPa

- MIPAS HNO3

- pptv

- ppbv

## Biomass burning 

**Biomass burning **

- MIPAS O3, 275 hPa

- MATCH-MPIC O3, M. Lawrence et al., 2005

## Deep intrusion obs. by MIPAS S6 mode

**Deep intrusion obs. by MIPAS S6 mode**

- S6 Mode:
- Spectral resolution: 0.1 cm-1
- Horizontal distance between two scans : ca. 150 km
- Vertical sampling (lat. dep.): 2(6) to 20 (24) km every 2 km, 24 (28) km, 31 (35) km
- Attainable vertical resolution:
- 2 - 3  km
- Attainable horizontal resolution:  110 - 140 km
- 2D tomographic retrieval approach, sequential estimation (Steck et al., 2005)

## Conclusions 

**Conclusions **

-  Although the retrieval of trace species from UTLS spectra is not easy, careful modeling of radiative transfer and appropriate retrieval approaches allow to derive global fields of many species
-  Vertical resolution is never better than 3 km due to sampling and MIPAS field of view , often much worse
-  Tropical tracers allow to study TST
-  H2O, temperature, and cloud occurrence allow to study dehydration processes at the TTL
-  Species involved in UT ozone chemistry (O3, HNO3, C2H6, ...) allow to study pollution episodes and biomass burning and provide validation for  UT chemical/transport models
-  High spatial observation mode of MIPAS resolves small scale structures like deep stratospheric intrusions.

## Additional material

## Biomass burning 

**Biomass burning **

- MIPAS HNO3, 275 hPa
- Appr. 300 pptv

- MATCH-MPIC HNO3, M. Lawrence et al., 2005
- Appr. 30 pptv!