# Presentation: 548083

## FCC Cognitive Radio Conference
19 May 2003

**19 May 2003**

## Today’s Topics

**DARPA XG Program**
**Future Spectrum Utilization**
**How Policy, Technology and Radio Waveform Interact**
**Cognitive Radio Opportunities**

## A New Way to Manage Spectrum Is Necessary

**Large-Scale Ad Hoc Network Complexity is Beyond Human Planning**
**Ever Changing Membership, Extent, Topology, Routing, ...**
**Varying Demand, Multiple QOS Require Adaptive Solutions**
**Planning is at least N****2**

**Recent SUO Network Analysis**

**Conventional Static Frequency Planning Process Not Possible**
**Not Enough Spectrum to Provide for All Possibilities**
**NW Topology Dynamic- Unknown at Onset**
**Only Net Members Know Actual Link Conditions**

**Up to 50 clusters**

**Up to 50 nodes**

## Spectrum Access is Not Just A US Issue!What DoD Faces Overseas! 

**Secretary of State  Telecommunications & Public Information**

**Ministry of Communications**

**Regulatory Authority of Communications & Posts**

**Regulatory  Authority of Telecommunications and Posts**

**Ministry of Public Works, Transport, & Water Mgt**

**Department of Trade & Industry**

**Ministry of Science, Technology, & Innovation**

**Ministry of Industry, Employment, & Communications**

**Ministry of Transport & Communications**

**Ministry of Civil Affairs & Communications**

**Ministry of Economics, Finance, & Industry**

**Ministry of Transport & Communications**

**Ministry of Infrastructure**

**Ministry of Transport, Posts, & Telecommunications**

**Department of Public Enterprise**

## XG Program Components

**XG Products**

**Temporal, Spectral, Dimensional, Energy Characteristics**

**Military & Civil Communications and Sensor Applications**

**Transition to Military Use **

**Measurements**

**Policy-Based Controls**

**XG Protocol Set**

**Initial XG Implementation**

**Control of Features, Priorities, Allocations, Exclusions,...**

**The Primary Product XG Program is ****Not a New Radio****, but a ****Set of Advanced Technologies**** for Dynamic Spectrum Access**** **

## XG Key Principles

**Create Set of Abstract Behaviors**
**Manage Communications Network Spectrum Access**
**Coordinate Other Spectrum Users (Radars,...)**
**Not Specific to Any One Physical or Link Layer**
**Implementation and Application (Military/Civil) Independent**
**Suitable for Range of Architectural Implementations**
**From Stand-alone to Fully-cooperative**
**Extensible Set of Control Protocols**
**Enable P3I Into Existing Programs**
**Protocol Developed & Managed Via Request For Comment (RFC)**
**Modeled After Internet Development Process**
**DARPA-Run and Managed, but Open to Public for Comment/input**
**Identify “*****Interference-Preserving*****” Core Set**
**Similar to Security-Preserving Frameworks**
**Red/Black Separation, Labeling, TCB, ...**
**Allow for XG Extension Outside of Core Set Boundary**

## XG Policy-Based Controls

**XG Being Developed In Advance of Policy Framework**
**Implementations Must Fit With National And International Regulations**
**Algorithms Must be Adaptable**
**Regional and operational situations**
**Evolving policies**
**Policy-Based “Metalanguage”**
**Translates Policy Rules Into Radio Behavior Controls**
**Decouples XG Technology From Regulatory Process**
**Control Operating Rules Based on Policies and Situations**

**Policy-Based Controls Will Draw on Practices & Methodologies Currently Employed Manually by Spectrum Managers **

## Policy, Technology, and Design

**Policy, Technology, and Design**

**Dimension 1**

**Dimension 2**

**Dimensions Could be Frequency, Time to Vacate, Maximum Power, Maximum Xmit Time, ...**

**Limit Potential  Operating Rules by Imposing Policy on All Users**

**Spectrum Sharing Has Only Limited Capability to Manage Spectrum Use, and Further Constrains Capability**

**Radio Standards (Waveform, MAC, Bandwidth) Have Minimum Requirements**

**Policy Constraint**

**Policy Constraint**

**Policy Constraint**

**Sharing Technology Constraint**

**Waveform Constraint**

**Waveform Constraint**

**Operating Area**

**Operating Area**

**Op**
**Area**

## How to Technology and Policy Can Maximize Access

**How to Technology and Policy Can Maximize Access**

**Three Ways to Make Opportunistic Sharing More Effective**

**1.****	****Enhance Policy Flexibility by Opening Up the Envelope**
**Accept and Manage More Risk**

**2.****	****Increase Capability to Dynamically Sense and Adapt**
**Faster Spectrum Analyzers, More Instantaneous Bandwidth**

**Develop Radios & Waveform Standards that Can Adapt to Meet Sharing Requirements**
**Wider Coverage, Better Antennas, Adaptive Waveforms**

**Dimension 2**

**Waveform Constraint**

**Op**
**Area**

**Op**
**Area**

**Operating Area**

**Operating Area**

**Dimension 1**

## Where is the Opportunity?

**As We Implement New Spectrum Practices, We Will Learn What Are the Impediments**
**Clear a New Generation of Physical and MAC layers are Appropriate**
**Opportunistic Spectrum Has Unique Challenges from What We Used to Build**
**Some Physical Layer Challenges/Opportunities**
**How to Use Any Piece of Available Spectrum**
**How to Use a Collection of Pieces of Spectrum**
**How to “Squeeze” onto Currently Used Spectrum Without Causing Interference**
**Enabled by Transition to Software/Cognitive/Networked Radios**

## Where is the Opportunity?

## The Future

**Automated Spectrum Access Will Happen**
**FCC Spectrum Task Force Recommendations on Enabling Adaptive Spectrum Access Technologies**
**Existing 802.11a Protocols**
**Sensing of holes and cooperative spectrum sharing **
**4G Spectrum Management Technologies**
**Immediate Needs**
**Policy to Allow Initial Development and Usage **
**This Process, Task Force, ...**
**Spectrum Sensing and Adaptation Technology **
**DARPA XG, ?**
**Far Term**
**Radio Designs that Are Specific to the Adaptive Policies and Technology**