BEE-spoke-data/govdocs1-by-extension huggingface dataset:
# Presentation: 407701

## Multiple Bank Mergers and Rational Foresight

- Simon Kwan
- Federal Reserve Bank of
- San Francisco
- Views are mine and not necessarily represent the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco or the Federal Reserve System

- Evren Örs
- HEC School of Management, Paris

## Research Question

- What differentiates multiple (serial,sequential) acquirers?
- Most of the corporate finance literature on M&A treats different acquisitions by the same firm as separate events.
- Authors’ try to model sequential acquirer’s search process and then see whether their predictions hold in the banking data.
- First Union Corp.’s 83 acquisitions under “Fast Eddie”
- Related papers:
- Nilssen and Sorgard (1997, EER)
- Gorton, Kahl and Rosen (2002 wp)
- Wheelock and Wilson (2004, RFE)
- Fuller, Netter and Stegemoller (2002, JF)
- Klasa and Stegemoller (2006 SSRN wp)

## Brief Summary

- A theoretical model to derive two testable implications on multiple-bank mergers:
- Asset ratio(s) of subsequent mergers a positive predictor of asset ratio of current merger; and
- Asset ratio of current merger a positive predictor of asset ratio of subsequent merger.
- Found significant effects of 2nd/3rd merger asset ratio on current asset ratio, and vice versa.
- Robust after correcting for simultaneity.

## Comments on Setup

- Where does the merger surplus come from?
- Different across mergers
- May determine how surplus is allocated
- Existing empirical evidence:
- Bidders: zero abnormal stock returns
- Targets: positive abnormal stock returns
- See e.g. Pilloff (1996), Kwan and Eisenbeis (1999)
- Mergers versus Acquisitions?
- Who retains control?
- Change in control upon merger?
- Rational foresight is moot without retaining control

## Comments on Empirical Analysis

- The link between authors’ Theory and testable implications is weak:
- Acquisition spree mind set managers would behave differently
- How Ratiok,t = TAi,t / TAj,t is measured?
- kth merger for the bidder or the target?
- Any ordering is sample dependent.
- Empirical model:
- Asset ratio(s) of future subsequent mergers should be a positive predictor of asset ratio of the current merger, and
- Asset ratio of current merger a positive predictor of asset ratio of subsequent mergers.

## Comments on Empirical Analysis

- The empirical model merely says that asset ratios constructed using the same acquirer are positively related.
- As expected if asset ratio is driven by acquirer’s size
- Alternate interpretation:
- Acquiring banks prefer to digest certain size targets in multiple acquisitions.
- Simultaneity model -- R2 negative or zero:
- Endogeneity problem not adequately solved.

## Concluding Remarks

- Applaud the idea of distinguishing serial mergers from one-time mergers.
- Future research should explore the empirical differences between the two types of mergers:
- Effects on shareholders’ wealth, acquirers and targets
- Post-M&A performance
- Market structure: in-market vs out-of-market
- Organizational structure
- Ownership structure
- Business sline overlaps/complementarities
- Payment methods
# Presentation: 294950

## Mark Luther – KLJ Alternative Energy Group

**Mark Luther – KLJ Alternative Energy Group**

- June 12, 2006

## Kadrmas, Lee & Jackson’s (KLJ) Alternative Energy Group is actively pursuing:

- Biodiesel
- Wind Energy
- Landfill Gas to Energy
- Animal Waste to Energy
- Ethanol
- Coal Bed Methane

- June 12, 2006

## Biodiesel Facts

- Fastest Growing Renewable Fuel in US over the past 5 years
- Biodiesel is renewable, environmentally friendly
- Meets Low-Sulfur requirements and Improves lubricity of petroleum-based diesel fuel

- June 12, 2006

## Biodiesel Fuel in the USA

- The USA Consumes approximately _65_ _Billion_ gallons of diesel fuel annually
- The USA Produces _75 Million_ gallons of biodiesel annually (.12%)

- June 12, 2006

## Biodiesel Fuel in the USA

| Total current producers: | 47 |
| --- | --- |
| Plants under expansion: | 7 |
| Plants under construction: | 27 |
|  |  |
| Total capacity (US & Canada): | 400.1M |
| Total capacity expansion: | 53 M |
| Total capacity under construction: | 321.6M |

- Under Construction/Expansion

- Commercial Biodiesel Production Plants

- June 12, 2006

## What KLJ Looks For:Areas that could support......

- Vertically Integrated Seed Oil Crushing and Biodiesel Production Facilities
- Biodiesel production that will meet both ASTM D 6751 and European EN14214 Standards
- Primarily Canola or other high-quality feedstock (soy bean, corn oil)

- June 12, 2006

## ND 2005 Canola Production

- June 12, 2006

## ND 2004 Canola Yield

- June 12, 2006

## What KLJ Looks For (2):Areas that have......

- Logistic Advantages
- Existing Supportive Infrastructure
- Community Support
- Symbiotic businesses
- Local Market Potential

- June 12, 2006

## Biodiesel Fueling Locations

- June 12, 2006

## What KLJ Looks For (3):

- Appropriate Technology Providers
- Project Investors
- Strategic Market Entry
- Strategic Partnerships

- June 12, 2006
# Presentation: 162591

## LYMErix  Lyme Disease Vaccine (Recombinant Osp A)

**Center for Biologics Evaluation **
**   ****and Research**
**May 21, 2002**

## LYMErix

**Voluntary withdrawal of sale**** **
**Distribution discontinued February 2002**
**Announced February 2002**
**GSK cited poor sales**

## LYMErix

**(Voluntary withdrawal of sale cont.)**
**No further vaccinations recommended**
**Clinical trial vaccination ended**
**Dear Doctor / Investigator letters**
**Refund for returned vaccine**** **

## Phase 4 Safety Study

**Overall goal  - to detect rare, but**
**significant adverse events **
**associated w/ product use that **
**may not be recognized in studies **
**of sizes typical of pre-licensure **
**studies**

## LYMErix Phase 4 Design

**Originally Planned:**
**25,000 adults, ******** 1 dose LYMErix**
**75,000 age- & sex-matched controls**
**2-year accrual period**
**Harvard Pilgrim Health Care (HMO) **

## LYMErix Phase 4 Methods 

**Events identified using ICD-9 codes**
**Ambulatory & in-patient claims data**

## LYMErix Phase 4 Methods 

**Outcomes confirmed by blinded review**
**Record review by subspecialist **
**Established diagnostic criteria used where applicable  **
**Incidence of predefined AEs in exposed cohort compared to incidence in unexposed cohort**

## LYMErix Phase 4 Endpoints

**Primary**
**	****New onset inflammatory arthropathy **
**Other**
**Selected neurologic disorders:  ****MS, GBS, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, transverse myelitis, cranial neuritis, mononeuritis multiplex, myasthenia gravis, syringomyelia**
**   ****- Lyme disease****	****- Rheumatoid arthritis**
**   ****- Allergic events****	****- Hospitalization**
**   ****- Death**

## LYMErix Phase 4 Update

**Low accrual rate**
**Additional HMO sites added in 2001**
**Tufts (New England)**
**Health Partners (Upper Midwest)**
**Accrual period extended to 3 years**
**	****	****(1999-2001)**

## LYMErix Phase 4 Accrual 

|  |  |  | Vaccinees | Unexposed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 
Planned | 
01/01/99 |  | 
25,000
 | 
75,000 |
| 
3rd Q Report | 
12/15/00 |  | 
2568
 | 
7497 |
| 
8th Q Report | 
01/21/02 |  | 
7643
 | 
21,580 |

## LYMErix Phase 4 Accrual

|  |  | Vaccinees | Unexposed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 
8th Q Report

01/21/02 | 
Overall | 
7643 | 
21,580
 |
|  | 
HPHC | 
3662 | 
9805
 |
|  | 
Tufts | 
1829 | 
5368
 |
|  | Health
Partners | 
2152 | 
6407 |

## LYMErix Phase 4 Study 8th Q Report (01/21/02)

| 
Subjects accrued to date | Vaccinees
7,643 | Unexposed
21,580 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ICD-9 codes - musculoskeletal  | 847 | 2,063 |
| 1st level reviewed | 297 | 594 |
| 2nd level reviewed | 24 | 32 |
| New Onset 
Inflammatory arthropathy | 
7 | 
15 |

## LYMErix Follow Up

**GSK will complete full safety follow up for:**
**All ongoing adult & pediatric clinical trials**
**Phase 4 post-marketing study**
**4-year post-vaccination follow up **
**Final study report 2006**
**FDA will continue to monitor IND & VAERS reports**

## THE END
# Presentation: 025308

## The Societal and Economic Impacts of Severe Space Weather Events

- D. N. Baker, LASP / University of Colorado
- Howard Singer, NOAA SEC
- Arthur Charo, National Research Council

## Task

- An ad hoc committee of the Space Studies Board (SSB) of the National Academies will convene a workshop to assess the Nation’s current and future ability to manage space weather events and their societal and economic impacts.
- What are the socioeconomic consequences to the Nation of severe space weather events?
- How likely are events more intense than the 2003 Halloween storms and what might be the consequences of such events?
- Are there specific ground- or space-based sensors or other approaches that might mitigate or avoid the effects of future severe space weather events?
*Support from NASA/SMD in place; other agencies likely*

## Approach

- Phase I: Workshop
- Late October 2007
- Representatives from academia, industry, and industry associations
- Associations can aggregate data and avoid concerns about proprietary or competition-sensitive data
- Analysis in specific areas: e.g., GPS, power industry, aviation, human and robotic exploration beyond low-Earth orbit
- Econometric analysis of value of improved SpaceWx

## Examples of Concerns

## How to Measure the Value of  Improved SWx Forecast?	

- Identify decisions that can be improved using a reliable forecast
- Differences with and without forecast (the expected value of a forecast)
- When best design decisions are made
- Economic value of expected outcomes

## Schedule

- Letter of request from NASA: January 2007
- Study approved by NRC: April 2007
- Between now and late October 2007
- Formation of ad hoc study committee
- Identify workshop sessions, session leads, and speakers
- Hire consultant for the SWx economic analysis
- Report of the workshop: Spring 2008
- Potential Phase II study: TBD, 2008

## Anticipated Benefits

- Economic Impacts analysis will provide:
- Better guidance for policy makers on investment in SWx systems
- Better rationale for Agency budgeting
- Better understanding of “high-payoff” forecasts
- Clearer guidance for future human exploration
- Improved societal appreciation for SWx risks

## Thank you—Questions?
# Presentation: 331846

## Verification

- Q2 Workshop
- June 2005

## Current Practice

- Single number point-to-point
- Single value of precip at location
- Typically, threat score or equitable threat score
- Beginnings of areal verification
- Beth Ebert’s contiguous rain area (Australia)
- Mike Baldwin’s object verification

## Easy to do

- More informative measures (Coles’s extreme dependency score helps for rare events, separates NWP performance)
- Increased use of objects
- Error bars on performance estimates
- Resampling

## Big challenge

- Application of uncertainty
- What is reality?  Precipitation is highly variable in time and space
- Representativeness, observational uncertainty
- Point vs. area
- Treat observations probabilistically
# Presentation: 361057

## REGION IX – San Francisco

**U.S. Department of HUD**
**Office of Labor Relations (9ASL)**
**450 Golden Gate Avenue**
**San Francisco, CA  94102**
**Phone:  (415) 436-6576**
**Fax:     (415)  436-8524**

## The Honorable Alphonso Jackson Secretary of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development

**The Honorable Alphonso Jackson ****Secretary of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development**

## Key Labor Relations  Goals & Objectives

## Provide Training and Technical Assistance
Monitoring of Agencies
Issuance of Maintenance Wage Rate Determinations to Public Housing Agencies
Promote Economic Opportunities
Reporting Requirements

- Monitoring of Agencies
- Issuance of Maintenance Wage Rate Determinations to Public Housing Agencies
- Promote Economic Opportunities
- Reporting Requirements

**Key Labor Relations  Goals & Objectives**

## APPLICABILITY OF FEDERAL LABOR STANDARDS REQUIREMENTS

**APPLICABILITY OF FEDERAL LABOR STANDARDS REQUIREMENTS**

## COURSE AGENDA 

- Increase LCA understanding of prevailing wage statutes
- How to determine applicability for each
- HUD / DOL/Local agency responsibilities
- Bid and Contract Documents requirements        

## COURSE AGENDA

- Wage decisions & classification issues
- Basic enforcement concepts
- Correcting violations
- Reports
- Contractor’s Due Process

## What You Should Learn From this Course

## COURSE OBJECTIVES

- Clear understanding of the labor statutes HUD enforces
- Identify applicability factors
- Correctly determine applicability
- Determine the appropriate wage decision for a project’s character of construction       

**Notes:**
OLR conducts on-site and “desk” monitoring reviews of local client agencies
OLR conducts training for grantees, public housing authorities & contractors

## COURSE OBJECTIVES

- Identify the “lock in” (effective) date for a wage decision
- Reviewing documentation, determine if deficiencies exist and identify the corrective actions
- Afford the Contractor due process (29 CFR5.11b)

**Notes:**
OLR conducts on-site and “desk” monitoring reviews of local client agencies
OLR conducts training for grantees, public housing authorities & contractors
# Presentation: 696134

## NEW NORTH FLORIDA COOPERATIVE

- Jackson County Development Council
- Jackson County, Florida

## Slide 2

## JACKSON COUNTY ENTERPRISE COMMUNITY

- State:  Florida
- County:  Jackson
- Community Population:  16,247
- Community Area Size:  332 sq. mi.

- Poverty Rate:  29.5%
- Unemployment:  7.2%
- Per Capita Income:  $9,645.00
- Education:  61.2% lack a high school diploma

## GLYEN  HOLMES

- Alcorn State University
- Natural Resource Conservation Service
- Systemic Problems

## North Florida Cooperative Farm

## VISION STATEMENT

- The New North Florida Cooperative will be a service cooperative providing education, marketing, and technology transfer in order to provide a competitive edge for small farmers in the northern Florida region. The income generated from the value-added business will flow to and within the local community.   The Cooperative’s business will be primarily targeted to providing fresh, healthy agricultural products to local

## Vision Statement, cont’d.

- school districts throughout the entire school year.  The Cooperative will grow, process, and deliver 50,000 - 60,000 pounds of greens a month.  The Cooperative will also develop several additional lines of fruits and vegetables that will be produced and sold as additional sources of revenue.

## NRCS Chief Pearlie Reed (left) visits during early beginnings

## MISSION STATEMENT

- The New North Florida Cooperative provides fresh, healthy agricultural products at a fair price to to School Lunch and Breakfast Programs.  The Cooperative is responsible for the marketing, handling, processing, and delivery services of agricultural products produced by participating local small farm operators.  The Cooperative will meet the needs of local small farm operators by  facilitating the flow of profit from the value-added business operation to and within the local community.

## VALUES STATEMENT

- The New North Florida Cooperative will be honest, loyal, and fair to customers and participants.  The Cooperative will deliver the highest possible quality agricultural products grown by local limited-resource farmers

## STRATEGIC PLAN

- The strategy of the New North Florida Cooperative is to increase farm income of small farmers through niche marketing, value-added processing, and alternative enterprises.  The Cooperative business plan  (was) developed to serve local school districts with fresh leafy greens as a healthy portion of the School Lunch Program.  In addition to the main product of leafy greens, the Cooperative will also diversify into other produce varieties.

## CULTIVATING CUSTOMERS

## TRIAL STRAWBERRY 1998

## Slide 14

## Vonda RichardsonFarm Management SpecialistFlorida A&M University

## READY FOR HARVEST

## HARVEST

## Slide 18

## Slide 19

## Slide 20

## Slide 21

## Slide 22

## Slide 23

## Slide 24

## Slide 25

## Slide 26

## Slide 27

## Slide 28

## Slide 29

## GREENS  FOR  LUNCH!

## Slide 31

## Slide 32

## New North Florida Cooperative”SMALL FARMERS WORKING TOGETHER”
# Presentation: 577925

## The First Winter at the Amundsen-Scott IGY South-Pole Station

- Robert F. Benson
- Geospace Physics Laboratory (Code 673)
- Heliophysics Science Division
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
- Greenbelt, Maryland

## Amundsen-Scott IGY South-Pole Station  12 February 1957

## Slide 3

## Slide 4

## Slide 5

## Slide 6

## Slide 7

## Slide 8

## Slide 9

## Slide 10

## Slide 11

## Slide 12

## Slide 13

## Slide 14

## Slide 15

## Slide 16

## Slide 17

## Slide 18

## Slide 19

## Slide 20

## Slide 21

## Slide 22

## Slide 23

## Slide 24

## Slide 25

## Slide 26

## Slide 27

## Slide 28

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## Slide 31

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## Slide 34

## Slide 35

## Slide 36

## Slide 37

## Slide 38

## Slide 39

## Paul Siple     Amundsen-Scott IGY South-Pole Station Leader
# Presentation: 287210

## Accelerator systems

- S. Y. Lee
- Jamie Rosenzweig
- Marion White

- We tried to evaluate the LARP accelerator systems programs using the stated goals of the LARP program - to exercise and utilize American accelerator expertise in aiding and learning from commissioning of the LHC, with mutual benefit.

## Areas

- Instrumentation & collimators
- Accelerator physics
- Management

- Instrumentation

## Observations: things that are going well

- Schottky monitors were successfully delivered, installed, and tested.
- AC Dipole - making good progress
- Crystal channeling work is very interesting
- LLRF
- Tune feedback system
- And many others...

## Observations: With some concern

- Lumi - will provide tremendous bunch-by-bunch measurements - but the delay causes it to miss beam in September 2008.
- While the collimator design is well advanced, the CERN desires and requirements are unclear and the schedule is uncertain.
- Ionization chamber - uses MACOR & may not be rad hard enough.

## Recommendation

- verify that MACOR is suitable for the foreseen dose in the ionization chamber

- Accelerator Physics

## Observations

- The accelerator physics topics appear well chosen, interesting, and important.
- Electron cloud
- Beam-beam simulations + wire
- Electron lenses
- Crab cavity
- Participation in the PS2 studies

## Observations: Management 

- Organization within the US appears to be working cohesively
- Several speakers mentioned that their work or projects needed review
- The LARP program has been successful  as an incubator of ideas that obey the LARP mission and take advantage of US expertise

## Recommend: management

- Strive for a more strongly-coupled and transparent relationship with CERN management. CERN must buy into LARP commitments
- LARP efforts must be adequately managed and funded to ensure success.
- If something becomes a construction project, it should be managed as such.

## Recommend: management

- If CERN does not make clear in a rather formal way that an item is needed, it may be reasonable to work on some of the other more promising research topics for the future.
- Devise a clear and open system to prioritize the research topics by merit and joint goals and then do it.

- Thanks to all of the presenters for excellent presentations
# Presentation: 016394

## Employee Recognition Training

**Revised April 2006**

## What Does It Mean To Reward?

- Providing incentives to and recognizing employees, individually and as members of groups, for their performance and contributions to the agency’s mission.

## Where Can I Find Employee Recognition Guidance?

- USDA Guide for Employee Recognition,
**    **_**[www.usda.gov/da/employ/recog.htm](http://www.usda.gov/da/employ/recog.htm)**_
- Improved HRD website: _[www.afm.ars.usda.gov/hrd/awards/index.htm](http://www.afm.ars.usda.gov/hrd/awards/index.htm)_

## What Are The Principles Of Recognition?

- Be fair and equitable in the distribution of awards
- Recognize specific achievements
- Involve co-workers and customers in recognition decisions
- Provide timely recognition

## What Are The Principles Of Recognition ? (Continued)

- Emphasize group recognition
- Use non-monetary recognition
- Publicly recognize employees
- Publicize recognition
- Budget for employee recognition locally

## Who Is Eligible To Receive Recognition?

- All employees are eligible for most types of recognition
- Non-Federal persons are not eligible for monetary awards
- Retired or separated Federal employees are eligible if contribution was made while employed

## What Are The Forms Of Employee Recognition?

- Monetary Awards
- Non-Monetary Awards
- Length of Service Awards
- Suggestion Awards
- Special Awards Programs

## Monetary and Non-Monetary Awards

**Refer to:   **_**[www.afm.ars.usda.gov/hrd/awards/files/table-monetary-non-montary.pdf](http://www.afm.ars.usda.gov/hrd/awards/files/table-monetary-non-montary.pdf)**_

## Length of Service

- Recognition given for length of Federal service
- Certificates and pins are provided for 10, 20, 25, 30, 40+ years
- NASS provides certificates only
- Provided by HRD

## Suggestion Award Program

- Recognition for improvement in the efficiency and economy of government operations
- Evaluated by subject matter experts
- May be adopted, referred for further study, or rejected
- Monetary or non-monetary recognition is given to adopted suggestions
- Performance and Awards Staff administers program and provides forms

## Special Award Programs

- Organization specific
- Agency specific
- USDA
- Government-wide
- Public/Foundation Sponsored
- Performance and Awards Staff announces most

## Who Can Nominate For An Award?

- Supervisors
- Co-workers or peers
- Customers
- Supervisory/Fund holder approval required

## How Is An Award Amount Determined?

- Follow the Value and Benefits scales in the USDA Guide for Employee Recognition
- Follow org policy
- Consider past practice within the org

## What Documentation Is Required?

- AD-287-2
- Two levels of approval on AD-287-2
- Written justification for monetary awards over $500, QSIs, and for Time Off awards over 10 hours

## Call The Performance and Awards Staff For Help!!

- Helene Saylor, Section Head, 301-504-1432
- Theresa Bailey, 301-504-1452
- Mary Oxner, 301-504-1368
- Jo An Affrica, 301-504-1552
- Suzanne Suchecki, 301-504-1465
- Erica Smith, 301-504-1464
- Address:  GWCC, 5601 Sunnyside Ave., Room 3-1288, Beltsville, MD 20705-5107
# Presentation: 171293

## XP 828 Injection of Li Powder

**0**

**10**

**5**

**15**

**20**

**25**

**30**

**35**

**Li Flux (mg/s)**

## MHD

- NeL

******N**

- CII

- I**P**

- W**MHD**

- P**RAD**

- P**NBI**

- **MHD**

- MHD

- I**OH**

- D****

- Int. Induct.

**No Li**

**700 mg LITER**

**7mg Powder**

- Comparison: LITER & Powder

## Zeff(0) from Metals

- LITER

- POWDER

- No Li

- S. Paul

**No Li**

**700 mg LITER**

**7 mg Powder**

## MHD

- NeL

******N**

- CII

- I**P**

- W**MHD**

- P**RAD**

- P**NBI**

- **MHD**

- MHD

- I**OH**

- D****

- Int. Induct.

**No Li**

**700 mg LITER**

**7mg Powder**

**3 mg Powder**

- Comparison: LITER & Powder (Cont’)

## Early Evolution of No Li Plasma

## Early Evolution of “Powdered” Plasma

## The Subtle Difference Between 130386 and 130389

- 130386 @ 85 ms  No Li

- 130389 @85 ms  Early Powder

## XP- 828 Initial Results and Observations

-  NSTX much more tolerant of Li powder than expected
-   A prima facie case can be made that powder is much
-    more efficient and effective than LITER evaporation
-  Observed significant decrease in DCII with 10s mg of Li
-  Observed significantly reduced Zeff(0)
-  Observed square Te and Ne profiles from early injection
-  Timing and location of deposition appear to be important
-  Li Particle lifetime 50 ms (being modeled at UCSD)
-  Analysis continues ...

**XP- 828 Initial Results and Observations**

## Extra Slides

## MHD

- NeL

******N**

- CII

- I**P**

- W**MHD**

- P**RAD**

- P**NBI**

- **MHD**

- MHD

- I**OH**

- D****

- Int. Induct.

**No Li**

**700 mg LITER**

-         XP 826 First 2008 LITER
- 2100 mg Li Deposited Previous 3 Shots

## MHD

- NeL

******N**

- CII

- I**P**

- W**MHD**

- P**RAD**

- P**NBI**

- **MHD**

- MHD

- I**OH**

- D****

- Int. Induct.

**No Li**

**700 mg LITER**

**7mg Powder**

-         XP 828 First 2008 Powder
- 80 mg Li Deposited Previous 11 Shots

## 80 ms

- 91 ms

- 102 ms

- 509 ms

## Early Evolution of No Li Plasma
# Presentation: 382547

## trumpet creeperCampsis  radicans  (L.) Seem. ex Bureau. Synonyms:  Bignonia  radicans, Gelseminum  radicans, Tecoma  radicans,  Tecoma  speciosa.  Other common names;  trumpet vine, ash-leaved trumpet-flower, cow-itch vine.

**PLANT FACTS:**
- This plant is native to all Gulf Coast states.  It has been cultivated since colonial times for its beauty.  It spreads and covers very rapidly.  It has been selectively bred so a number of named varieties now exist.** **
**MEDICINALLY:**
- The root was used as a diaphoretic and a clotting factor to help close open wounds.
- Working with the plant with bare hands has caused dermatitis with redness and swelling in some people.  This prompted the common name, cow-itch vine.

- Photo courtesy of: ©Jim Stasz. This copyrighted image may be freely used for any non-commercial purpose. For commercial use please contact _[Jim](mailto:jstasz@mncppc.state.md.us)__[ Stasz](mailto:jstasz@mncppc.state.md.us)_.   Please credit the artist, original publication if applicable, and the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database. The following format is suggested and will be appreciated:   **Jim Stasz** @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database.

- Slide developed by Pat Broyles, Soil Conservationist, Manhattan, KS. PMC.  USDA is an equal opportunity employer.
# Presentation: 536010

## High Fidelity Network Monitoring and Simulation

- DOE Networking Workshop, November 30, 2001
- W. R. Wing

## Motivation

- ESnet is IP over ATM (and will be)
- International Connections are all ATM
- ATM layer is highly controllable and precisely configurable by Qwest, but is invisible to customers like us.

## Generic ATM Switch

- Input buffers, a switching fabric, output buffers

- Congestion onset signaled by appearance of
- buffer delay

## How Would We See It?

- An ATM cell with no competition, arrives at the input port, drops through to the switch fabric, get switched, then falls through the output buffer.
- Looking at total end-to-end delays, if all switches in a path are uncongested, then all cells will arrive with a constant, invariant delay time (state of switch fabric will introduce slight jitter).
- A histogram of cell numbers vs. transit times would be an approximate delta function
- Congestion will be signaled by this delta function turning into something with finite width and a longer average transit time

## System Block Diagram

## Test Procedure

- The LINUX host generates a set of 127 OAM (Operate-and-Manage) test cells with special data payloads.  These cells are launched in a “burst” with 11msec cell separation
- As each cell passes the outbound Duke analyzer, it generates a trigger pulse to the GPS clock. The clock captures the time in an internal register stack
- The cells turn around in a remote switch
- The inbound cells duplicate the process

** **

**28 Dec 1996**

- Loop-back sites

## What do we see?

- Occasional major SONET reroutes
- Frequent minor SONET reroutes
- We do see congestion
- We see interesting structure

## A Major Reroute

## A Minor Reroute

## An Uncongested Network

## A Congested Network

## Now, about Structure...

- Remember - 127 samples, 11msec apart
- At OC3 or OC12, 11msec is an eternity.  Samples should be uncorrelated
- Decided to check...

## Six Typical Raw Data Bursts

## Six Synthetic-Data Bursts

## Autocorrelation of Random (Synthetic) Data

## Autocorrelation of Real Data

## In the Frequency Domain

## Persistence (and Changes) are Significant

## In Summary...

- Building Second Generation Monitors
- Distribute to NERSC, ANL (Starlight), and NCAR
- Realtime Monitor Can Provide an Absolute Measure of Network Congestion (Check TCP Estimates) for Net100
- Frequency Spikes are the SONET Ring “Beat” Frequencies - Related to Ring Size
- Multiple Point-to-Point Monitors Will Allow Network Tomography of the ATM Network
# Presentation: 185178

## North Carolina Coastal Federation

*Citizens Working Together for a*
* **Healthy Coastal Environment** *

*Legislative/Regulatory Options for Living Shoreline Projects: Lessons In Humility              *

*Tracy E. Skrabal, Senior Scientist*

## Restoration Goal for Erosion Control

-    Utilize Protection Measures Which Best Provide for Preservation of Fish and Wildlife Habitat and Protection of Water Quality

## Bulkheads

## Hammocks Beach State Park

- June 15, 2003
-            36 months

## Regulatory and  Legislative Approaches in North Carolina 

## Regulatory and  Legislative Approaches in North Carolina

- _State and Federal General Permits_:   Bulkheads, Revetments, Groins, Wooden Breakwaters, Rip-rap at base of Marsh
- _Individual State Permits (Regional or Individual Federal Permits)_:  Sills, Breakwaters, Marsh Plantings (With Fill/Re-grading), Groins (with fill/marsh plants)
- Blanket Permit: Issued to NCCF and NC SeaGrant in 2000 for 30 “living shoreline” projects

## Regulatory and  Legislative Approaches in North Carolina

- From Wilmington, NC Star News 8/21/03

## Current Status in NC

- December 31, 2004 Deadline for Re-authorization of USCOE GP’s for Rip-rap, Bulkheads, Groins
- 	-Environmental Assessment Underway
- Temporary NC CAMA Rule for Sill GP; permanent rule process underway.
- 401 Certification?  Consistency?

## Do We Need  National/Regional  Living Shoreline Strategies?

-  Information/Technology Sharing
- 	-Training Programs, Videos, Literature,    	Scientific Data
-  Adopt State/Federal Approaches That   	Work
- Standardize Regulatory Requirements/Process
-    USCOE Regional Permits/Nationwides
- Create Regulatory/Financial Incentives
-  Create Hierarchy of Review/Permitting

## Living Shoreline Projects

-  Provide Education and Training for Resource Agency Staff, Consultants/Engineers/Contractors
# Presentation: 707496

##  Chairman - Paul Kirkpatrick SA-C (321) 867-6568
 Deputy Chairman – Gary Hendricks SA-C3 (321) 867-8738
 Database Administrator - Maxine Daniels SA-C3 (321) 867-5976
 Lead Safety Engineers:
Bob Deliwala - SA-C3 (321) 867-6594
Andrew Peffer - SA-C3 (321) 867-5283
Ted Meade - SA-C3 (321) 867-6569
Tom Tinsler – SA-C3 (321) 867-3644
 KSC Payload Safety Operations (SA-C1)
 KSC Payload Quality Assurance (SA-C2)
 KSC Shuttle S&MA Division (SA-B)
 KSC Mission Manager (UB-R)
 KSC Shuttle Processing Directorate (PH-M2)
 KSC Center Operations Directorate (TA-C2)
 KSC ISS Utilization (UB-R1)
 KSC Engineering (NE-O)
 KSC ISS Operations (UB-R2)
 JSC ISS S&MA/Program Risk Office (OE)
 JSC Shuttle Payload Safety (NC)
 NASA HQ, Office of Safety & Mission Assurance
 KSC CAPPS (Boeing)
 KSC Joint Base Operations Support Contract (JBOSC)
 KSC Space Flight Operations Contract (SFOC)
 USAF 45th Space Wing (SESL)

** ****Chairman - **_[Paul Kirkpatrick](mailto:Paul.Kirkpatrick@nasa.gov)__ SA-C (321) 867-6568_
** ****Deputy Chairman – **_**Gary Hendricks**_** SA-C3 (321) 867-8738**
** ****Database Administrator - Maxine Daniels SA-C3 (321) 867-5976**
** ****Lead Safety Engineers:**
**Bob Deliwala - SA-C3 (321) 867-6594**
**Andrew Peffer - SA-C3 (321) 867-5283**
**Ted Meade - SA-C3 (321) 867-6569**
_**Tom Tinsler**_** – SA-C3 (321) 867-3644**
** ****KSC Payload Safety Operations (SA-C1)**
** ****KSC Payload Quality Assurance (SA-C2)**
** ****KSC Shuttle S&MA Division (SA-B)**
** ****KSC Mission Manager (UB-R)**
** ****KSC Shuttle Processing Directorate (PH-M2)**
** ****KSC Center Operations Directorate (TA-C2)**
** ****KSC ISS Utilization (UB-R1)**
** ****KSC Engineering (NE-O)**
** ****KSC ISS Operations (UB-R2)**
** ****JSC ISS S&MA/Program Risk Office (OE)**
** ****JSC Shuttle Payload Safety (NC)**
** ****NASA HQ, Office of Safety & Mission Assurance**
** ****KSC CAPPS (Boeing)**
** ****KSC Joint Base Operations Support Contract (JBOSC)**
** ****KSC Space Flight Operations Contract (SFOC)**
** ****USAF 45****th**** Space Wing (SESL)**

**GSRP Organizations**
# Presentation: 547536

## Private Landowner Smoke

- 25 January 2003
- PB-Piedmont Version 3.0
- Smoke Simulation Analysis
- Gary L. Achtemeier
- USDA Forest Service
- Athens, GA

## Event Description

- On 25 January 2003, a private landowner burned 20 acres of timberland in central Georgia. The fire was ignited at 1100 and firing ended at 1440 EST. Smoke blew to the east during the burn. At 1900 (7:00 PM), one hour after sunset, the landowner walked the perimeter of his burn site and found no smoke coming off the west, south, or east edges. He found smoke coming off the entire length of the north edge.
- The problem for PB-Piedmont is to simulate smoke moving east during the afternoon and smoke moving north after sunset.

## Terrain and Weather

- The burn site is located on a ridge with slopes to the west, east and north.
- This was a “synoptic-driven” event for two reasons. First, the synoptic scale pressure forcing remained strong for the period. Surface geostrophic wind speeds, a measure of the strength of synoptic scale forcing, ranged from 7.5 – 10.0 m/sec. Geostrophic winds usually must drop below 5.0 m/sec for drainage winds to have much effect. Second, clouds moved in shortly after sunset. Surface weather data showed rapid transition from scattered clouds before sunset to broken/overcast conditions one hour after sunset. Cloud cover impedes outgoing radiation and weakens drainage forcing.

## Modeling Information

- PB-Piedmont Version 3.0-2003
- Grid spacing = 60m
- Domain size = 204x202 -> 12.2x12.2 km
- Visual domain = 1.6x1.6 km
- Weather data: Hourly METAR
- Elevation data: USGS 30 m DEM

##   25 January 2003, 1800 EST Private Landowner Burn 20 Acres

-   25 January 2003, 1800 EST Private Landowner Burn 20 Acres

- The burn site sits on the tip of a northward protruding ridge. In the color scheme, dark green represents low valleys and whites represent highest ground. The elevation difference between valley and ridge is 50 m.
- 20 acre burn area outlined by blue square.
- Smoke, indicated by yellow squares drifts to the east.

## 25 January 2003, 1900 EST Private Landowner Burn 20 Acres

- PB-Piedmont smoke simulated for 1900 EST (7PM) when landowner reported smoke moving across northern boundary of plot only.

## 25 January 2003, 2100 EST Private Landowner Burn 20 Acres

- PB-Piedmont smoke simulated for 2100 EST (9PM), 2 hours after landowner reported smoke moving north off burn site.

## Simulation Summary

- The landowner reported winds blowing from the west during his burn but shifting rapidly to blow from the south by one hour after sunset (7PM). PB-Piedmont was slower in simulating the wind shift, having turned the winds to blow “almost from the south” by 9PM.
# Presentation: 922299

## CRL Modeling

- David A. Cooper
- NIST

## Repositories

- Goal of work is to examine effect of different CRL schemes on repositories.
- Assumption: The main concern is to minimize the peak load on a repository.
- Allows use of least expensive repository; or
- maximizes number of relying parties that can be serviced.

## Request Rates

- n = Number of relying parties: 300,000
- v = validation rate: 10 certificates/relying party/day
- u = Revocation updates: 1 update/day
- s = number of segments
- t = amount of time since last CRL update
- request rate per segment= (n v / s) e-v t / s
- peak request rate = n v

## Slide 4

## Slide 5

## Slide 6

## Staggered CRL Issuance

- CRL segments don’t have to be issued simultaneously
- 2 CRL segments issued at 12 hour intervals leads to lower peak request rate
- request rate (for 2 CRL segments) =
-    (n v / s) (e-v t / s + e-v(t+12) / s )

## Slide 8

## Slide 9

## Slide 10

## Service Rate

- Larger CRL segments may reduce request rate, but may also reduce service rate.
- If  = request rate and  = service rate:
- average waiting time **** 1 / (
- Service time increases linearly with CRL segment size =
- Header + (# entries)(per entry cost)
- Less segmentation better when fixed cost dominates.

## Slide 12

## Slide 13

## Over-issued CRLs

- Issue full CRLs more than once per day
- Make each CRL valid for one day
- Improves use of caches
- Spreads out CRL requests

## Slide 15

## Questions

- What are the most important parameters?
- Mean waiting time per request? (peak or average)
- Mean total waiting time? (i.e., average total waiting time per relying party per day)
- Peak bandwidth requirements?
- Average bandwidth requirements?
- Cache size?
- Others?
# Presentation: 678958

## Probability of admission – further data sources and issues

- Colin Cryer
*IPRU, Univ of Otago, NZ*
*Presented at the ICE on Injury Statistics Meeting, 7-8 September 2006, Washington DC*

## Other data sources

| Country | Detail | Coding by | Contact |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Italy | Diag coded to ICD-9-CM in 60 hospitals in Lazio (incl. Rome). RTIs and home. Includes up to 4 diagnoses. | Clinicians + coding aid (GIPSE) | Paolo Georgi Rossi |
| Greece | >500,000 cases with diagnosis coded to ICD-9; around 250,000 to ICD-10 | Professional coders | Eleni Petridou |

- Colin Cryer, IPRU, Univ of Otago, NZ

- 7 September 2006

## Issue: Coding frame

- Several different coding frames used for diagnosis: eg. ICD-9, ICD-9-CM, ICD-10
- Options
- Restrict study to just one of these (eg. ICD-10)
- Include all
- If all, is ICD-9 to ICD-10 translation good enough for comparison?
- To resolve

- Colin Cryer, IPRU, Univ of Otago, NZ

- 7 September 2006

## Issue: Specificity of codes

- What specificity of ICD diagnosis code should be used to estimate probability of admission?
- Issue
- Too specific        many diagnosis codes with too few cases
- Less specific        diagnoses with high Pr(Adm) may be hidden in heterogeneous groups.

- Colin Cryer, IPRU, Univ of Otago, NZ

- 7 September 2006

## Issue: Accuracy of coding

- Correspondence of ED and hospital discharge diagnosis codes (Source: Farchi, 7th World Conference)
- 62.2% of linked cases, diagnosis concordant*
- Higher concordance in older people, and less urgent care
- Over 80% concordance for:
- Fracture (upper and lower extremities, head and neck, spine, torso), lower extremity crushes/ amputation.

- *At the Barell matrix cell level

- Colin Cryer, IPRU, Univ of Otago, NZ

- 7 September 2006

## Preliminary results Probability of Admission – Barell matrixLazio, Italy – Farchi S, Rossi PG, Camilloni L, Chini F (personal correspondence)

- Source: EIS 2000 - home and road

- Colin Cryer, IPRU, Univ of Otago, NZ

- 7 September 2006

## Probability of Admission – Barell matrix – highLazio, Italy – Farchi S, Rossi PG, Camilloni L, Chini F (personal correspondence)

- Source: EIS 2000 – home and road

- Colin Cryer, IPRU, Univ of Otago, NZ

- 7 September 2006

## Probability of Admission – Barell matrix – single cellLazio, Italy – Farchi S, Rossi PG, Camilloni L, Chini F (personal correspondence)

- ICD-9-CM codes with less than 50 ED attendances were excluded
- Source: EIS 2000 – home and road

- Colin Cryer, IPRU, Univ of Otago, NZ

- 7 September 2006
# Presentation: 820079

## Year-Round AQI Forecasts-- Outreach Efforts

**Debbie Stackhouse**
**EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards**
- _[stackhouse.debbie@epa.gov](mailto:stackhouse.debbie@epa.gov)_
**919-541-5354**

## AIRNow Distribution

**AIRNow Distribution**

**Forecasts**
**Maps**
**Health Info**
**Media Info**

## Outreach Efforts

**Simple Messages for Media to Use **
**Forecasts (ozone and PM)**
**Steps to reduce exposure**
**Where to look for detailed info**

## Outreach Efforts

**Educate Meteorologists about PM **
**Enlist Them to Carry AQI Year-Round**
**Expand Media Partnerships**
**Educate Health Care Professionals**

## Year-Round AQI Launch 

**National Launch and Press Event – October 2003**
**Parallel Regional Office Launches**

## New Products

## New Products

- For Meteorologists
- Short Course on AQI and PM
- AMS Conference Session and Exhibit
- CD-ROM Tool Kit
- For Press Events
- Press Kits
- Video News Release
- Regional Launch Tool Kits

## PM Air Quality Guide

## Particles and Your Health

## Air Quality Media Kit

**Ozone at:**** **_[epa.gov/airnow/mediakits/ozone](http://www.epa.gov/airnow/mediakits/ozone)_
**PM:  Spring 2003**

## Asthma Video 

**Indoor and Outdoor Air Triggers**
**In Spanish**
**Late Spring 2003**

## Smoke Effects

**Smoke web site (Spring 2003)**** **_[http://www.epa.gov/airnow/smoke](http://www.epa.gov/airnow/smoke)_
**Pamphlet**

## Revisions to Existing Documents

## AQI -- A Guide toAir Quality and Your Health

## Guideline for Reporting AQI

## Ozone Good Up High, Bad Nearby

## Regional Haze 

## EPA HQ Contacts

**AIRNow Program Director: Chet Wayland**
- _[wayland.richard@epa.gov](mailto:wayland.richard@epa.gov)__  (919) 541-4603_
**AQI Health Issues: Susan Stone**
- _[stone.susan@epa.gov](mailto:stone.susan@epa.gov)__  (919) 541-1146_
**AQI Outreach Issues: Debbie Stackhouse**
**s**_[tackhouse.debbie@epa.gov](mailto:tackhouse.debbie@epa.gov)__   (919) 541-5432_
**AIRNow Project Manager: John White**
- _[white.johne@epa.gov](mailto:white.johne@epa.gov)__  (919) 541-2306_
**PM Monitoring Issues: Tim Hanley**
- _[hanley.tim@epa.gov](mailto:hanley.tim@epa.gov)__  (919) 541-4417_
**PM Forecasting Issues: Pat Dolwick**
- _[dolwick.pat@epa.gov](mailto:dolwick.pat@epa.gov)__  (919) 541-5346_
# Presentation: 689550

## Improved Stirling Cycle Technology for Zero-G Spacecraft Refrigeration SystemsDean Applied Technology Company, Inc.Huntsville, AL

**Innovation**
- This innovation improved the Stirling refrigeration technology using a simple pulse tube, and optimized the new configuration for operation at food refrigerator/freezer operating temperatures.

**Accomplishments**
- Operational unit designed, fabricated and tested.
- This concept offers a higher system efficiency than achieved by the currently used vapor-compression cycle in zero-g.  It also eliminates the lubrication problems normally associated with zero-g refrigeration.
- The improved Stirling Cycle technology does not require ozone-depleting Chloro-Fluoro-Carbons.
- Since it has no moving parts at the cold end, vibrations are significantly reduced.
**Commercialization**
- NASA Space Act Cooperative Agreement between NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center and Dean Applied Technology
- Dean Applied Technology has applied for a patent.
- Discussion with manufacturer of superconducting telecommunications equipment.
- Inquiry from a major manufacturer of detector instrumentation equipment.

**Government/Science Applications**
- Home refrigerator/freezers
- Medical imaging (e.g., MRI)
- Medical freezers
- Cooling of electronics and detectors
- Cooling of superconductors
- Spacecraft freezer/refrigerators for Space Shuttle, Space Lab, ISSA, and Mars Missions

- Pulse tube refrigeration unit under test at DATCO.

- Points of Contact:
-    -  NASA (Denise Swain; 205/544-0968)
-    -  Dean Applied Technology  (Bill Dean; 205/721-9550)
- 1991 SBIR Phase 2;  NAS8-39917

- Marshall Space Flight Center
-   Date of Update:	3/11/98
- Success Story #:	8-004
# Presentation: 028564

## Wire Protocol Proposal

- Dallas
- November 28, 2001

## A Modest Proposal

- Multiple Wire Protocols are allowed.
- Components declare a WP associated with a port when they register with the service directory.  (They can register multiple ports.)
- Other components learn the WP associated with a port when they find out the port.
- The default protocol is the “basic” protocol.
- TCP
- A message consists of a complete XML document
- After sending, the sender does shutdown on the socket, providing EOF to the receiver to signal the end of the message, but leaving the socket half-open to receive the response.
- All components are required to support at least the basic protocol.

## Advantages

- Something easy to start with
- No “framing problem”
- No other software required
- Does not preclude other protocols, which include security, streaming, etc.
- Can be used to bootstrap switches of protocol.
# Presentation: 685512

## Traditional Roles in Distribution Channels

- Carol SeymourAssistant Deputy Administrator
- District Enforcement Operations
- Office of Field Operations

## Traditional Work in Distribution Channels

- Monitoring Products
- Detecting and Documenting Violations
- Investigating Consumer Complaints
- Confirming Recall Effectiveness
- Egg Labeling and Storage Temperatures
- Controlling unsafe products

## Historical Context 1960’s

- Meat and Poultry Inspection Merged
- Illegal Diversions of Horsemeat
- States to Have Equal Enforcement and Inspection Programs
- New Authorities

## Historical ContextAmendments in Late 1960’s

- Prohibited Actions that Cause Products to Become Adulterated
- Authorized Detention of Products Believed to Be Adulterated or Misbranded
- Authorized USDA to Regulate Transportation and Storage
- Mandated Access to Records and Facilities

## District Enforcement Operations		

- 179 Field Compliance Officers and Supervisors
- Planned and Randomly Scheduled Reviews

## Planned Compliance Program

- 11,000 Inspected and Uninspected Businesses
- Compliance History and Nature of Business Determine Frequency of Visits

## ProcessorsDistributorsBrokersRetailers/RestaurantsTransportersCustom Exempt

## Animal Food  WarehousesSalvage FirmsRenderers 4D Operators (dead ,dying, disabled or diseased animals or birds)  

## Risk Category 1  Quarterly Visits

- Suspected of Current Violations
- or
- High Risk Business Operations

## Risk Category 2  Semi-Annual Visits

- Violated Within Last 12 Months
- or
- Intermittent Risk Due to Operations

## Risk Category 3   Annual Visits

- No Violations in the Past 24 Months
- but
- Still Warrant Planned Visits

## Random Reviews

- 34,000 last  year
- Examine facilities and products
- Discuss compliance concerns
- Provide information** **

## Other Enforcement Actions 1999

- Made 941 Detentions						20,636,997 pounds
- Confirmed 55 Product Recalls				40,774,616 pounds
- Requested 2 Court Ordered Seizures			159,819 pounds
- Documented 2, 370 Reports of Violations

## State Enforcement Programs

- States must enforce laws that are “equal to” Federal requirements
- USDA has cooperative agreements with 25 states for meat enforcement and 23 states for poultry enforcement

## Cooperation With States

- Plan to avoid duplications
- Share technology and information
- Train state Compliance Officers
- Conduct joint investigations
- Refer cases for action