# Presentation: 698499

## CDF IFC MeetingFermilab, October 30th

- _CDF IFC Meeting_Fermilab, October 30th

- Jaco Konigsberg & Rob Roser

**Notes:**
Tevatron performance improved greatly over the last year.  The accelerator group at Fermilab worked hard to make many improvements and overall were able to create and transfer more anti-protons which allowed longer stores and improvements to several components of the accelerator allowed for more reliable running and less down time for repairs.  Overall this led to some pretty impressive statistics - the monthly integrated luminosity almost doubled and the peak instantaneous luminosity increased by 62%.  See bottom left plot for the integrated luminosity for each fiscal year (starting in Oct)  notice how much steeper 2007 is than previous years.  Using improved models the accelerator group has made new projections based on this years performance and is confident they can deliver 6 to 7 fb-1 by end of 2009 - basically running as we are now with a few more minor improvements.  Based on the accelerator performance and the Tevatron’s physics performance (which I plan to highlight for you) there are on-going discussions about possibly extending the run beyond 2009.   

## The CDF Collaboration

_**North America**_
-  34 institutions

-  _**Europe**_
-  20 institutions

_**Asia**_
-  8 institutions

_**The CDF Collaboration**_
-  14 Countries
-  62 institutions
-  635 authors

**Notes:**
The CDF collaboration is formed by 620 authors from 62 institutions from 13 countries in 3 continents. 
The Fermilab group includes about 60 authors with 3 wilson fellows and 10 postdocs. 
We are still successfully attract very good people.
Out of these, 4 people were hired last year. 

## CDF Publication History

- Publications submitted+accepted+published
- ~140 Run 2 publications and ~20 papers submitted but not published
- Expect ~40 publications in 2007
- We also have >50 additional papers under internal review !

- We are publishing our results as we go !

**Notes:**
The plot shows the publications submitted/ accepted/ and published since the beginning of CDF. 
CDF has 135 publications from Run II. 
At this point we have about 50 additional papers under review. So we are on track to have more than 40 papers in 2007. 
We also have more than 100 ongoing PhD theses. 
Marco showed some of these publications. 
I will show some highlights of the physics that both collaborations have produced in the past year.

## Some CDF Run 2 Physics Highlights

- Observation of Bs-mixing
- Δ*m**s* = 17.77 +- 0.10 (stat) +- 0.07(sys)
- Observation of new baryon states
- b and b
- Observation of new charmless B=>hh states
- Evidence for Do-Dobar mixing
- Precision W mass measurement
- Mw = 80.413 GeV (48 MeV)
- Precision Top mass measurement
- Mtop = 170.5  (2.2) GeV
- W-width measurement
- 2.032 (.071) GeV
- WZ observation (6-sigma)
- Measured cross section 5.0 (1.7) pb
- ZZ evidence
- 3-sigma
- Single top evidence(3-sigma) with 1.5 fb-1
- Measured cross section = 3.0 (1.2) pb
- |Vtb|= 1.02 ± 0.18 (exp.) ± 0.07 (th.)
- Significant exclusions/reach on many BSM models
- Constant improvement in Higgs Sensitivity

## CDF Wine and Cheese Talks

- Since last September:
- Sept 22: B_s Mixing observation [Christoph Paus]
- October 20: Σb observation [Petar Maksimovic]
- October 25: WZ observation [Elliot Lipeles]
- October 27: B ==>hh observation [Giovanni Punzi]
- November 10: All-hadronic Top [Fabrizio Margaroli]
- December 1: Status of Single Top [Bernd Stelzer]
- January 5: W mass measurement [Ashutosh Kotwal]
- February 2: h==>tau,tau [Anton Anastasov]
- March 23: Heavy long-lived particle searches [Max Goncharov]
- March 30: Small x and Diffractive Physics [Koji Terashi]
- April 20: W-width measurement [Dave Waters]
- June 8: SM Higgs Search [Ben Kilminster]
- June 15: Observation of Cascade_b [Dmitri Litvintsev]
- June 22: Global Analysis of high-Pt data [Bruce Knuteson]
- August 10: New results for Lepton-Photon [Mark Neuebauer]
- August 24: Boson+jets measurements [Oriol Salto]
- Sept 28: MSSM higgs searches [Tom Wright]
- Two upcoming dates in December

## New results at/since Lepton-Photon 2007

- _[http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/internal/physics/joint_physics/S07CDFResults.html](http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/internal/physics/joint_physics/S07CDFResults.html)_
- Rich program from all Physics Groups
- ~ 50 new results since April '07
- ~ 30 use the full available dataset

## New results at Lepton-Photon 2007

## New results at Lepton-Photon 2007

## FY07 Tevatron Performance

- _FY07 Tevatron Performance_

- A stellar year !

-  No major hikes in inst. Lum  expected anymore
-  We can plan and extrapolate

## Tevatron Luminosity Projections

- _Tevatron Luminosity Projections_

- FY10

## Tevatron Luminosity

|  | Modest Acc. Gains | Significant improvements |
| --- | --- | --- |
| To Date | 3.2 fb-1 | 3.2 fb-1 |
| FY08 | 4.5 fb-1 | 5.0 fb-1 |
| FY09 | 5.8 fb-1 | 6.8 fb-1 |
| FY10 | 7.1 fb-1 | 8.1 fb-1 |

- FY08 will be the first year we will NOT double our luminosity
- Trigger design already comfortably handling the instantaneous lum we expect
- Effort will be to refine -  a very different position than what we have had to do in the past...

## Data collection

**~3.2 fb****-1**** delivered**
**~2.7 fb****-1**** recorded**

- _Data collection_

- Sources of inefficiency include:
- Trigger dead time and readout ~ 5%
- Intentional - to maximize physics to tape - also studies
- Start and end of stores ~5%
- Problems (detector, DAQ) ~5%

- Luminosity records:
- Highest initial inst. lum
- ~2.92e32
- Integrated lum/week
- 45 pb-1
- Integrated lum/month
- 165 pb-1
- Stacking rate
- 23.1 mA/hr

- Great success

- Stable

**~85% recorded since 2003**
**~80% of delivered lum****goes into analyses**

## Data-taking efficiency  

- Good running most of year:
- Doubled delivered and acquired luminosity!
- New shift crew arrangements
- ISL cooling leak
- 330pb-1 w/ east L00+ISL off
- First 6 months of 2007:
- 144pb-1/month delivered
- 121pb-1/month acquired
- 115pb-1/month w/SVX
- Accel. Performance down in April-June
- Took some time after sextapole changes to get back to good operating point
- Resumed high luminosity just before shutdown

| 6/06-8/07 | Luminosity | Efficiency |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Delivered | 1.67fb-1 |  |
| Recorded | 1.39fb-1 | 83% |
| Good Run | 1.32fb-1 | 79% |
| Good (SVX) | 1.27fb-1 | 76% |
| Good (ISL/L00) | 1.00fb-1 | 60% |

## 2007 Shutdown Plans

- Aug 6 - Oct 15 (10 weeks)
- Accelerator complex:
-  New Booster correctors - proton plan
-  New MI collimator - proton plan
-  New “” power poles
-  RR maintenance - new DCCT (current measurement)
-  Tevatron maintenance
- Measured roll of all dipoles and quads (Thanks CDF volunteers!)
- Unrolled D16 quad (finally!)
- Warmed 6 houses, replaced 2 dipoles & 2 spools
- Replaced F17 kicker
- CDF
-  Fix ISL cooling leak
-  General maintenance and repair

## Leak in part of the Silicon cooling system

- good

- bad

- hole

- Manifold

- Cooling Pipes

## Where are the ISL/L00 portcards?

- ISL/L00 portcard
- ring

**Where are the ISL/L00 portcards?**

-  **Impossible to access from outside, isolated by  volume full  of cables, ~60cm in z.**

##  Cover holes with epoxy  from the inside of the pipe using borescopes and catheters.

**Keep the silicon cold and dry:**
- Plastic barrier encloses wire chamber bore, 600cuft volume.
-  Desicant based air drier will provide 300cfm to the volume.   Dewpoint always below –10 C.
** ****Cover holes with epoxy  from the inside of the pipe using borescopes and catheters.**

-  Repairs performed over a month with 4 people shifts lead by FNAL specialist (“*head surgeon”*) Ken Schultz.

**Hole**

-  Vacuum tests show that the Al lines are as tight as the stainless steel ones
-  Cooling has been running stable for more than a month** **
** ****Full system is ready for next run**

## Silicon status & lifetime

- _Silicon Aging Like Fine (Italian, French, Spanish, Californian, Canadian, Japanese, Korean, Taiwanese, Swiss, British, Finish, Russian, German) Wine_

**Silicon should operate well for the duration of Run 2**

## Central Tracker...

- _Central Tracker..._

- Aging under control
- See affect of increase in instantaneous luminosity
- Increased O2 in Feb ‘07

## People: Summary

- People are migrating to the LHC [and other experiments]
- This is not new, started a long time ago
- We’ve taken many measures to mitigate the impact on the experiment
- We have stabilized, streamlined and automated many tasks in operations and in physics analysis
- We spend considerable effort retaining, recruiting and planning ahead
- But very importantly:
- Luminosity increase has made a tremendous difference
- The experiment is running very well
- Very rich and exciting physics program
- LHC delays have also made a difference
- Many opportunities for people to make a mark here: physics and leadership
- The collaboration age profile is ==> young, yet excellent
- Try to keep senior people engaged at all levels
- We have focused our physics program through Higgs

- Enough people to run the experiment in FY09 and accomplish the physics

## Summary Table of February 2007 Resource Survey

|  | CY 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| US FTE | 222 | 162 | 127 |
| Non US FTE | 170 | 135 | 109 |
| TotalUS + Non US | 392 | 297 | 236 |
|  |  |  |  |
| 2005 Results | 320 | -- | 178 |
|  |  |  |  |
| Post Doc’s | 101 | 73 | 53 |
| Students | 147 | 102 | 77 |

- Numbers in Units of FTE

- Table represents responses from all 63 institutions

## Comparison to 05 Survey...

|  | 2007 |  | 2009 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| US FTE  (2005) | 222 (195) |  | 127 (91) |
| Non US FTE 2005) | 170 (125) |  | 109 (87) |
| Total (2005) | 392 (320) |  | 236 (178) |

- The delay in LHC turn-on AND the success of the Tevatron Luminosity has resulted in many more FTE’s available for CDF  -- a 33% increase from what was projected in 2005

## GAP Analysis – 2007 Needs

|  | CY 07 | CY 09 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Detector Ops | 50 | 45 |
| Offline * | 26 | 20 |
| Algorithms | 32 | 21 |
| Management | 10 | 10 |
| Total | 118 | 96 |
| Resources Available | 392 | 236 |
| FTE for Physics | 392 – 118 = 284 | 140 |

- * Used 2005 Offline numbers

## Postdocs joining CDF last ~1.5 yrs 

- Examples [many were students at CDF that stayed on CDF]
- Enrique Palencia: Cantabria  ==> FNAL
- Fabrizio Margaroli: Bologna ==> Purdue
- Anadi Canepa: Purdue ==> Penn
- Olga Norniella: Barcelona ==> UIUC
- Craig Group: Florida ==> FNAL
- Valentin Necula: Florida ==> Duke
- Nathan Goldschmidt: Wisconsin ==> Florida
- Alison Lister: Geneva ==> UC Davis
- Jen Pursley: Hopkins ==> Wisconsin
- Bo Jayatilaka: Michigan ==> Duke
- Dan Krop ==> U. Chicago
- Shang-Yuu Tsai: Academia Sinica, Taiwan
- Sergo Jindariani: Florida ==> FNAL
- Susan Burke: Arizona ==> FNAL
- Manoj Kumar Jha: Delhi ==> Bologna
- Diego Tonelli: Pisa ==> FNAL
- Hyunsu Lee: Korea ==> U. Chicago
- Tom Schwarz: Michigain ==> UC Davis
- And others...

- ~ 20 new postdocs

## PhD’s from last ~1.5 yrs

- Ch. Dorr	Karlsruhe University
- K. Gibson	CMU
- A. Holloway	Harvard University
- V. Necula	University of Florida
- M. Rossi	University of Udine
- S. Sabik	University of Toronto
- T. Schwarz	University of Michigan
- A. Canepa	Purdue University
- B. Cooper	UCL
- N. Leonardo	MIT
- A. Loginov	ITEP, Moscow
- G. Salamanna	University of Roma
- P. Catastini	University of Pisa
- P. Squillacioti	University of Pisa
- D. Tonelli	University of Pisa
- I. Vollrath	University of Toronto
- A. Attal	UCLA,
- S. Baroiant	UCDavis
- S. Bolshov	MIT
- S.-H. Chuang	University of Wisconsin
- S. Forrester	UC Davis
- M. Griffiths	University of Liverpool
- C. Group	University of Florida
- B. Jayatilaka	University of Michigan
- J. Kraus	University of Illinois

- S. Lai		University of Toronto
- M. Soderberg	University of Michigan
- T. Akimoto	University of Tsukuba
- O. Norniella	Barcelona
- E. Palencia	University of Cantabria
- X. Portell	 Barcelona
- K. Copic	University of Michigan
- S. Harper	Oxford University
- J. Lee		University of Rochester
- V. Rekovic	University of New Mexico
- H. Sun	Tufts University
- V. Tiwari	CMU
- B. Mohr	UCLA
- G. Lungu	U. of Florida

- ~ 40 and ~40 more
- expected this coming year

## Some Physics Highlights

## Jet Cross Section Results

- 8 orders of magnitude !!

- Excellent agreement with QCD calculation over 8 orders of magnitude!
- No excess any more at high ET
- Large pdf uncertainties will be constrained by these data

## Highest Mass Dijet Event: M=1.4 TeV

- 70% of the total energy went into 2 quarks!!!

## B baryon Discoveries

- b

- bc

******b**

**Notes:**
Chronology b_c, b to hh, sigma b, cascade b

## Observation of WZ Production

- electrons

- muons

- + new lepton types
- + more triggers
- + better analysis

-  Prob(background only) < 1.5x10-7 (5.1)

- 2 MET bins:
- Prob(background only) < 2 x10-9 (5.9_)_

****(WZ)=5.0+1.8-1.6(stat.+syst.) pb

- Increased acceptance by adding plug calorimeter and tracks pointing to cracks: 16 obs vs 3 bcknd

- NLO cross section: 3.7 ± 0.1 pb

- 1st pass: observed 2 events with expected background of 0.9 ± 0.2  and expected signal of 3.7 ± 0.3

- 3 leptons + MET
- 1.1 fb-1

**Same data**

- From ~nothing to observation
- - same data-

- Much of this being used in H=> WW

## Bs-mixing: from evidence to discovery

- _Bs-mixing: from evidence to discovery_

**8 x 10****-8**** (> 5********) prob. background fluctuation**

_**Significant improvements on same dataset**_
** ****Neural Nets for event selection & to combine****  opposite-side flavor tagging**
** ****Better particle ID**
** ****Inclusion of partially reconstructed decays**
** ****New trigger paths**
**  ****+ **_**Group focus**_**, the “I can almost taste it” effect**

## W Mass and Width

**Notes:**
Shown in Pierre’s EWK talk.

## The Top Cross Section

- Measured using many different techniques
- Good agreement
- between all measurements
- Between data and theory
- Data precision starting to challenge theory precision

## Top Mass

**Only new results for summer!**

**Notes:**
Was 2.1 GeV a year ago.  Shown in Robin’s Top talk.

## Measuring the Properties of the Top Quark

- Decay Lifetime

- T’ search

- Cross section w/2b

- W Helicity

-  M_ttbar

- XS Event Kinematics

## Single Top History

**First Tevatron Run II result using 162 pb****-1**
******single top**** < 17.5 pb at 95 % C.L.**

**2004**: Simple analysis while refining
- Monte Carlo samples and analysis tools

- 2 years

**2006**: Established sophisticated analyses
- Check robustness in data control samples

**2007: 3-******** evidence for single top quark production using 1.5 fb****-1**

*Development of powerful*
*analysis techniques *
*(Matrix Element, NN, *
*Likelihood Discriminant)*
*NN Jet-Flavor Separator*
*to purify sample*
*Refined background *
*estimates and modeling*
*Increase acceptance *
*(forward electrons)*
*10x more data*

- Phys. Rev. D71 012005

## Single Top Results

- Expected  p-value = 0.13% / 3.0

- _Single Top Results_

******s+t****= 3.0 ± 1.2 pb**
******s****= 1.1, ********t**** =1.9 pb**

- Expected sensitivity: 2.9
- Observed significance: 2.7

- Expected
- Sensitivity
- 3.0

******s+t****= 2.7 ± 1.2 pb**
******s****= 1.1, ********t**** =1.3 pb**

- |Vtb|= 1.02 ± 0.18 (expt) ± 0.07 (theory*)

***Z. Sullivan, PRD 70 114012 (2004)**

**Likelihood Method**

**Matrix Element Method**

**New!**

**Notes:**
Came much earlier than predicted due to experimental creativity and hard work.
LF:
Observed p-value = 0.31%  / 2.7
Expected  p-value = 0.20% / 2.9
Upper limit: 5.14 pb at 95% CL  (Bayesian calculation).

Median expected limit in background-only pseudoexperiments:  _x0001_2.06 pb

Matrix element:
Observed p-value = 0.09%  / 3.1
Expected  p-value = 0.13% / 3.0

## Running through 2010

## Conclusion

- We believe strongly that DOE should plan to run through FY2010
- An early recommendation by P5 would help the planning effort for the lab and collaborations.

## Running on 2010

- It is about the possibility of a discovery
- The more luminosity the better the chances
- True for the Higgs
- True for all possible sources of new physics
- The detector will run fine
- The lab is committed to running
- We need your support

## Process and people

- Program driven by intellectual curiosity and the thrill of possibility
- People tend to go after the physics that are accessible to them first
- Pragmatic and sociological reasons
- Then they push and innovate
- Especially when they see the possibilities
- And things start to come together
- It is engrained in us to want to make progress
- We get creative, adaptive and adoptive and, most importantly: we learn from the data all the time
- One cannot fully lay out a roadmap and know where every measurement or search will end up, given time and more data
- Sqrt(L) is a myth in hadron collider physics, except at the very very end, when there is nothing left to do but to surrender

-  P5

## CDF Higgs Effort

- Over the last year there’s been a dramatic infusion of people, effort and ideas, aimed at finding the Higgs
- Prior to that it was unclear that we will get sufficient luminosity to have enough reach
- As the luminosity increased we’ve reached other low cross section physics processes: WZ, single-top
- The tools developed for these analyses are recently migrating into the Higgs effort

- This is now the priority of the collaboration

-  P5

## CDF alone, in perspective...

- 0.1 fb-1

- 0.3-1.0 fb-1

- 1-2 fb-1

- 1 yr
- Lum+effort

- Run 1

-  P5

## Summer 2007 (Lepton-Photon)

- CDF & D0

- @ 115 ~4x SM
- @ 160 ~2x SM

-  P5

## 2007 projections [yellow] 

- They are based on the following improvements
- Some that have already gone into existing Higgs analysis but need to be propagated across all channels
- Some that are based on existing tools that are being used on other analysis and still need to be propagated on Higgs analysis (i.e. NN tagger & taus)
- Some that come from including data from triggers that have not yet been used in Higgs analysis
- Only includes pieces that have been demonstrated and does not include things that still need more work
- Result in x{1.5 to 2.25} improvement in sensitivity

- These are in hand

-  P5

## Ex. of improvements not yet on Higgs analyses

- Forward tracking

**Mistag rate **

**Tagging Efficiency **

- Standard secondary vertex b-tagging

- Improved b-tagging

- Forward b-tagging

- BMU muons

- Improved Jet E res

## Higgs status and projections

- _Higgs status and projections_

- 160 GeV

- 115 GeV

- Significant progressfrom 2005 to 2007
- At 115 = x1.8 in sensitivity
- At 160 = x2.0 in sensitivity

- 95% CL

- 95% CL

- 2005 projections long lever arm
- - large uncertainty -
- 2007 projections grounded in data

-  P5

## Higgs reach - achievable -

- _Higgs reach - achievable -_

- _With 7 fb_-1
-  exclude all masses !!!  [except real mass]
-  3-sigma sensitivity 150:170
-   LHC’s sweet spot

- 7.0

- Analyzed Lum.

- We think this is compelling

- X2.25

## On any given roll of the dice

- _“__further” @ 115 GeV_
- 7 fb-1 => 70% experiments w/2
- 30% experiments w/3

- _“__further” @ 160 GeV_
- 7 fb-1 => 95% experiments w/2
- 75% experiments w/ 3

- Solid lines = 2.25 improvement
- Dash lines = 1.50 improvement

- Analyzed Lum.

- Analyzed Lum.

## It’s not just the Higgs

- Mtt distribution

- Note to self: test these distributionswith as much data as possible !

- Same-sign dileptons

## Notes on possibility

- We already have “fluctuations” in the data
- Which one is from a real new physics source?
- The top discovery experience at CDF:
- 19 pb-1 ~3-sigma EVIDENCE with 13 l+j evts, 2 dileptons
- 19-40 ~ nothing exciting
- 40-67 a lot more... DISCOVERY
- On which third are we today?
- Some existing new physics sources could have not yet revealed themselves yet- and we could still have sufficient # of events for a discovery before the end of Run 2
- Some may already be there
- Who knows for sure today?  => we keep “experimenting”

-  P5

## Running in 2010 and beyond

- Motivation

- Lab’s
- plan

- P5/
- funding

- _Running in 2010 and beyond_

- LHC

- Collab/
- people

## Summary

- Very exciting and rich physics program
- We impact the field on a regular basis !
- Many parts benefit from “as large a dataset as possible”
- Higgs search needs that + a large effort
- We have a chance of saying something very important
- There is discovery potential -in general- as we gather more data
- Improvements are continuously coming into the game
- The CDF detector will operate well through FY10
- No problems and no critical vulnerabilities identified
- Collaboration committed through FY09
- We analyze & publish as we go: enormous, successful, _effort_ !
- Expects P5’s recommendations on FY10 @ HEPAP end of Nov.
- Lab’s recent commitment to run in FY10 is critical
- We will work with you, and the Lab, to try to make it possible
- Not trivial, many forces at work