# Presentation: 452595

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## WHAT’S YOUR OPINION???

**Cell Phone Hazards** *May 18, 2004* Consumers often scoff at warnings that their cell phones may ignite fumes from _[gasoline](http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/cell_fires.html)__ pumps but two recent incidents lend credibility to the warnings._
- 	In New Paltz, NY, police say a student was burned when his cell phone started a fire at a Mobil station. Chief Patrick Koch of the New Paltz Fire Dept. said the 21-year-old student was filling up his _[car](http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/cell_fires.html)__ when his phone rang. _
- 	When he answered the phone, a large flash occurred at the nozzle of the pump and started the fire. Fortunately, an employee quickly cut the _[gas](http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/cell_fires.html)__ supply, preventing the blaze from getting out of control._
- 	Chief Koch said he no longer has any doubt that cell phones can ignite gas fumes: "I'm positive today, that as of last night, 9:30 last night, I'm positive that a cell phone can ignite."
- 	And in Texas two weeks ago, three oil workers were seriously injured in a flash fire at an oil well site. A spokesman for the Gregg County Sheriff's Office said a cell phone was suspected of causing the fire. The three workers were taken to Parkland Memorial Hospital Burn Center in Dallas.
- 	Capt. Ken Hartley of the Gregg County Sheriff's Office said that investigators believe that a cell phone sparked the blaze, either by ringing or by causing a static electricity discharge when the ringing phone was touched by one of the workers.
- 	Specially-designed "non-ignitable" cell phones are normally used in areas where flammable gases can accumulate. It's not known what kind of phone the workers may have been using.

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## Whenever an aircraft experiences performance problems, fuel becomes suspect:
An aborted takeoff
Complaint by crew
High exhaust gas temperature (EGT)
Aircraft lost after departure
Engines fail to start

- An aborted takeoff
- Complaint by crew
- High exhaust gas temperature (EGT)
- Aircraft lost after departure
- Engines fail to start

## WHAT CAN GO WRONG?

- Misfueled
- Smaller airports use “splits” with Jet-A and Avgas in same truck
- Overwing fuel jobs with wrong product in tanker
- Aircraft runs out of fuel due to insufficient fuel quantity
- Contamination

## FUEL SAMPLES WITHOUT AN AIRCRAFT

- Isolate equipment used to fuel aircraft
- Secure suspect systems
- Perform immediate fuel evaluation
- Take samples from proper point on equipment

## WHAT TO LOOK FOR IN A SAMPLE

**SIGHT: **in a sample jar
- (clear glass) the sample
- should be clear or slightly straw
- colored.  It should be bright and not terribly
- cloudy.  It should lack any obvious color; Avgas is often blue and heating oils are dyed red to differentiate them from low sulfur diesel.

## WHAT TO LOOK FOR IN A SAMPLE

-              **TOUCH: This is somewhat**
**         ****difficult to describe, however, Jet-A is a low lubricity oil that should differ from lubricating oils when rubbed between your fingers.**
**Naturally, it should not be thick or syrupy.**

## WHAT TO LOOK FOR IN A SAMPLE

**SMELL: **Jet-A has many
- Aromatic components
- and has a distinct odor.
- Some contaminated samples could smell foul or septic, this could indicate microbial growth is or was present.  A clear and bright sample that has absolutely no odor, might be pure water!

##           AT THE AIRPORT

-   At the airport we can look at a narrow range of these parameters such as Flash Point, Specific Gravity, Temperature, pH, Particulate Content (Millipore Rating), Water Content (Aqua-glow) and Water Separation Index Measurement (WSIM or MSEP).  Naturally, at the laboratory a full conformity test
-    must be performed.

## ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES

- We look at and analyze samples looking for a verity of physical and chemical attributes to ensure that they conform to a particular standard.  The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) provides a specification D-1655 that specifically deals
-    with Aviation Turbine Fuels,
-    while D-910 deals primarily with
-    Aviation Gasoline.  When testing
-    fuels we test against these
-    standards.

## PREPARE CHAIN OF CUSTODY DOCUMENT

- Date and place of sample point
- Name of individuals involved in sample acquisition
- Reference to flight number and purpose of sample
- Signature of new custodian of sample

## AGENCIES REQUIREING SAMPLE

- Allied
- Airport Authority
- FAA  FSDO & AIRPORTS
- NTSB
- FBI
- Airline
- Archive Samples and label properly

## DEFUELING DAMAGED AIRCRAFT

**DEFUELING DAMAGED AIRCRAFT**

## SETTING UP & BUILDING A ROAD

**SETTING UP & BUILDING A ROAD**

## REMOVING THE LAST DROPS

**REMOVING THE LAST DROPS**

## SAME TYPE OPERATIONUNDER DIFFERENTCIRCUMSTANCES

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## Narrative:Following an uneventful flight from Beijing, China, the aircraft was established on an ILS approach to Runway 27L at London Heathrow. Initially the approach progressed normally, with the Autopilot and Autothrottle engaged, until the aircraft was at a height of approximately 600 ft and 2 miles from touch down. The aircraft then descended rapidly and struck the ground, some 1,000 ft short of the paved runway surface, just inside the airfield boundary fence. The aircraft stopped on the very beginning of the paved surface of Runway 27L. During the short ground roll the right main landing gear separated from the wing and the left main landing gear was pushed up through the wing root. A significant amount of fuel leaked from the aircraft but there was no fire. An emergency evacuation via the slides was supervised by the cabin crew and all occupants left the aircraft, some receiving minor injuries.Initial indications from the interviews and Flight Recorder analyses show the flight and approach to have progressed normally until the aircraft was established on late finals for Runway 27L. At approximately 600 ft and 2 miles from touch down, the Autothrottle demanded an increase in thrust from the two engines but the engines did not respond. Following further demands for increased thrust from the Autothrottle, and subsequently the flight crew moving the throttle levers, the engines similarly failed to respond. The aircraft speed reduced and the aircraft descended onto the grass short of the paved runway surface.

- Narrative:Following an uneventful flight from Beijing, China, the aircraft was established on an ILS approach to Runway 27L at London Heathrow. Initially the approach progressed normally, with the Autopilot and Autothrottle engaged, until the aircraft was at a height of approximately 600 ft and 2 miles from touch down. The aircraft then descended rapidly and struck the ground, some 1,000 ft short of the paved runway surface, just inside the airfield boundary fence. The aircraft stopped on the very beginning of the paved surface of Runway 27L. During the short ground roll the right main landing gear separated from the wing and the left main landing gear was pushed up through the wing root. A significant amount of fuel leaked from the aircraft but there was no fire. An emergency evacuation via the slides was supervised by the cabin crew and all occupants left the aircraft, some receiving minor injuries.Initial indications from the interviews and Flight Recorder analyses show the flight and approach to have progressed normally until the aircraft was established on late finals for Runway 27L. At approximately 600 ft and 2 miles from touch down, the Autothrottle demanded an increase in thrust from the two engines but the engines did not respond. Following further demands for increased thrust from the Autothrottle, and subsequently the flight crew moving the throttle levers, the engines similarly failed to respond. The aircraft speed reduced and the aircraft descended onto the grass short of the paved runway surface.
- Sources: » AAIB Ref: EW/C2008/01/01
- Photos

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- Video/animation

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## Apache inbound!

- Breathe with confidence

- Spraying fuel on an ammo dump

- Issue of bulk fuel

- Refuel or Defuel... whatever you need

- 3rd Platoon says THANKS!