# Presentation: 566744

## Robert B. Tesh, M.D.

## Historical evidence of resistance to yellow fever acquired by residence in India

- M.T. Ashcroft
*Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop Med. Hyg. *73:247-8, 1979

## Epidemiologic Studies of Possible Cross Protection Between Dengue and St. Louis Encephalitis Arboviruses in Florida

- J.O. Bond, W. McD. Hammon
*Am. J. Epidemiol.*  92:321-9, 1970

## The Effect of Dengue Virus Infection on the Clinical Sequelae of Japanese Encephalitis: A One Year Follow-up Study in Thailand

- R. Edelman, R.J. Schneider, P. Chieowanich, R. Pornpibul, P. Voodhikul
*Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Pub. Hlth.*
- 6:308-15, 1975

## Previous Infection with Heterologous Flaviviruses Alters Clinical Outcome and Histopathology of Yellow Fever Virus Infection in Hamster Model

- S-Y Xiao, H. Guzman, A.P.A. Travassos da Rosa, H-B Zhu, R.B. Tesh
*Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.  *(submitted)

## HI antibody responses in Egyptian children following recent WN virus infection

| Age (yrs.) |  Antigen |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | WN | SLE | JE |
| 2 | 1:640 | 1:80 | 1:80 |
| 3 | 1:160 | 1:80 | 1:40 |
| 1 1⁄2 | 1:640 | 1:80 | 1:80 |
| 4 | 1:640 | 1:320 | 1:160 |

## Table A.  Results of hemagglutination-inhibition tests done on WNV-infected macaques (Macaca mullata) living outdoors at the Tulane National Primate Research Center

| Animal number | VIRAL ANTIGENS |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | DEN-1 | DEN-2 | YF | SLE | WN |
| CK62   | 1:40* | 1:20 | 1:20 | 1:160 | 1:320 |
| CL07   | 1:40 | 1:20 | 1:20 | 160 | 1:320 |
| CL11    | 1:40 | 1:40 | 1:20 | 1:160 | 1:640 |
| CL80    | 1:40 | 1:40 | 1:40 | 1:160 | 1:640 |
| CL93    | 1:40 | 1:40 | 1:40 | 1:160 | 1:640 |
| CM11   | 1:20 | 1:20 | 0 | 1:20 | 1:80 |

## Table B.  Results of complement-fixation (CF) and plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) tests done on sera of WNV-infected macaques bled in August 2002 at the Tulane National Primate Research Center

| Animal number | Complement-fixation test |  |  |  |  | West Nile PRN test |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Viral antigen |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | DEN-1 | DEN-2 | YF | SLE | WN |  |
| CK62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16/8* | 128/>32 | 1:320** |
| CL07 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8/8 | 64/>32 | 1:160 |
| CL11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8/8 | 64/>32 | 1:1280 |
| CL80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16/8 | 128/>32 | 1:80 |
| CL93 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32/8 | 128/>32 | 1:320 |
| CM11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16/>32 | 1:160 |

## Hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test results on selected WN seropositive birds from Harris County, Texas

| Identification | Antigen (4u) |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | SLE | WN |
| A2133 | 1:160 | >1:1280 |
| A2141 | 1:80 | 1:320 |
| A2142 | 0 | 1:160 |
| A2143 | 0 | 1:160 |
| A2147 | 1:20 | 1:320 |
| A2155 | 1:20 | 1:640 |
| A2157 | 1:40 | 1:320 |
|                0 = <1:20 |  |  |

## HI antibody response of persons previously infected with SLE virus after receiving YF vaccination

| Subject  | Day post vaccination | HI Antibody Titer (reciprocal)  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | YF | SLE | WN | DEN-1 | DEN-2 | DEN-3 |
| CM | 0 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | 8 | 20 | 80 | 80 | 10  | 0 | 20 |
|  | 10 | 40 | 160 | 160 | 20 | 40 | 80 |
|  | 17 | 80 | 320 | 640 | 10 | 80 | 160 |
|  | 39 | 80 | 320 | 640 | 20 | 80 | 160 |
| SH | 0 | 0 | 40 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | 8 | 20 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
|  | 10 | 160 | 1280 | 2560 | 320 | 160 | 640 |
|  | 17 | >1280 | 5160 | 10240 | 1280 | 1280 | 1280 |
|  | 38 | >1280 | 2560 | 5120 | 640 | 320 | 1280 |

- 0 = < 10

## Slide 11

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## Slide 14

| Immune group | No. infected with WNV | No. infected (%) | No. died (%) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nonimmune | 30 | 30 (100) | 14 (47) |
| JEV (SA14-2-8) | 30 | 30 (100) | 0 (0) |
| SLEV        (BeAr 23379) | 32 | 32 (100) | 0 (0) |
| YFV (17D) | 30 | 30 (100) | 4 (13) |

## Slide 15

## Serial SLEV and WNV infection in hamsters

| Hamster no. | HI antibody 30 days after SLEV infection |  | HI antibody titer 6 days after WNV challenge |  | WN MAC-ELISA 6 days after WNV challenge |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | SLEV | WNV | SLEV | WNV |  |
| 8279 | 1:80 | 1:80 | 1:160 | 1:160 | 0.165 |
| 8280 | 1:80 | 1:80 | 1:640 | 1:640 | 0.276 |
| 8281 | 1:40 | 1:20 | 1:640 | 1:640 | 0.555 |
| 8298 | 1:160 | 1:80 | 1:320 | 1:320 | 0.139 |

## SLE virus activity in Harris County, Texas (1990-2002)

| Year | Total birds tested  (% SLE seropositive) | SLE virus isolations  from mosquitoes | SLE human cases |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | 9,183 (3.9) | 44 | 24 |
| 1991 | 7,281 (7.4) | 89 | 41 |
| 1992 | 5,862 (7.9) | 65 | 9 |
| 1993 | 2,928 (6.0) | 35 | 1 |
| 1994 | 4,265 (5.3) | 38 | 0 |
| 1995 | 4,882 (4.7) | 0 | 0 |
| 1996 | 5,461 (3.7) | 20 | 2 |
| 1997 | 2,917 (3.4) | 0 | 0 |
| 1998 | 2,419 (2.8) | 40 | 4 |
| 1999 | 2,411 (3.4) | 0 | 0 |
| 2000 | 2,384 (1.9) | 0 | 0 |
| 2001 | 4,252 (2.1) | 73 | 3 |
| 2002 | Not available | 28 | 8 |

## Prevalence of SLE virus antibodies in selected bird species tested in Harris County, Texas between 1989 and 2001

| Common name | Total tested | % HI positive |
| --- | --- | --- |
| House sparrow | 29,923 | 3.6 |
| Morning dove | 8,417 | 2.2 |
| Rock dove (pigeon)  | 8,088 | 0.5 |
| Blue jay | 5,800 | 11.0 |
| Northern mockingbird | 4,035 | 6.1 |
| Northern cardinal | 2,768 | 4.4 |
| Common grackle | 2,461 | 2.2 |
| European starling | 1,442 | 1.9 |
| Inca dove | 1,204 | 5.4 |
| Great-tailed grackle | 827 | 2.5 |
| Loggerhead shrike | 379 | 13.2 |
| Brown-headed cowbird | 287 | 1.4 |
| Carolina wren | 157 | 5.7 |
| American robin | 133 | 6.0 |

## Slide 19

## Harris County West Nile Virus Activity

**June 2002**
**51 Total Birds**

**July 2002**
**168 Total Birds**

**August 2002**
**255 Total Birds**

**September 2002**
**287 Total Birds**

**Harris County West Nile Virus Activity**

## Dead birds examined from Harris County for West Nile virus during 2002

| Month | Number tested | Percent WN culture positive |
| --- | --- | --- |
| June | 97 | 47.4% |
| July  | 158 | 61.4% |
| Aug.  | 103 | 61.2% |
| Sept.  | 66 | 45.5% |
| Oct.  | 29 | 34.5% |
| Total  | 453 | 54.3% |

## SLE and WN virus activity in Harris County, Texas during summer of 2002

- Number of *Cx. quinquefasciatus* tested		149,769
- Number of pools processed				    4,767
- Number SLE positive pools			          28 (0.6%)
- Number WN positive pools		          	      855 (17.9%)
- SLE human cases				    8 (confirmed)
- WN human cases 				 105 (confirmed)
- WN infection rate in birds 		             68/218 (31.2%)

## Species composition of 246 West Nile culture-positive birds in Harris County (2002)

| Common name | No. positive | % of total |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Blue jay | 224 | 91.1% |
| American crow | 10 | 4.1% |
| Sparrow | 3 | 1.2% |
| Shrike | 3 | 1.2% |
| Heron | 1 | 0.4% |
| Cardinal | 1 | 0.4% |
| Dove | 1 | 0.4% |
| Egret | 1 | 0.4% |
| Parakeet | 1 | 0.4% |
| Hawk | 1 | 0.4% |

## Prevalence of HI antibody to WNV in birds from Harris County, Texas (Dec. 2002 – Jan. 2003)

| Species  | No. tested | % positive |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Blue Jay | 4 | 50.0 |
| Common Grackle  | 18 | 5.5 |
| European Starling | 4 | - |
| Great-tailed Grackle | 6 | 16.7 |
| House Sparrow | 94 | 32.9 |
| Inca Dove | 21 | 76.2 |
| Loggerhead Shrike | 3 | 100.0 |
| Mourning Dove | 36 | 25.0 |
| Northern Cardinal  | 3 | 66.7 |
| Northern Mockingbird | 7 | 14.3 |
| Red-bellied Woodpecker | 3 | - |
| Red-winged Blackbird | 6 | - |
| Total all species | 218 | 31.2 |

## Acknowledgements

_**UTMB**_
- S. Higgs
- H. Guzman
- A. Travassos
- S.Y. Xiao

_**HCMC**_
- R. Parsons
_**TNPRC**_
- M.S. Ratterree

- NIH grant AI 10894 and contract N01-AI-25489
- CDC grants U90/CCU620916 and U50/CCU62054102