# Presentation: 680161

## The U.S. Space-Based PNT  Current Program and Future Trends

- Director
- U.S. National Coordination Office

*The U.S. Space-Based PNT  **Current Program and Future Trends*

## Introduction

- During the past decade, GPS has grown into a global utility providing space-based positioning, navigation and timing (PNT)
- Consistent, predictable, dependable policy and performance
- Augmentations improve performance
- Like the Internet, GPS is a critical component of the global information infrastructure
- Scalable applications enabling broad new capabilities
- Innovations in efficiency, safety, environmental protection, public security and science

## GNSS Applications Support A Wide Range of Economic Activities

- 3

- Oil
- Exploration

- Fishing &
-  Boating

- Aviation

- Surveying &
-    Mapping

- Trucking & Shipping

- Satellite Operations

- Precision Agriculture

- Power Grid
- Management

- Personal
- Navigation

- Communications
- Network Synchronization

## GNSS is Key to Scientific Monitoringof the Earth

- GNSS is Key to Scientific Monitoringof the Earth

- To better understand the changes and complex dynamic processes of our home planet

**Notes:**
GNSS densifies observations, extremely economical compared to the other, but necessary techniques. Everyone’s tool.

GGOS handouts

## Overview

- Program
- Policy
- International Cooperation

## Baseline 24 satellite constellation in Medium Earth Orbit
Global coverage, 24 hours a day, all weather conditions
Satellites broadcast precise time and orbit information on L-band radio frequencies
Two types of signals:
Standard (free of direct user fees)
Precise (U.S. and allied military)
Three segments: 
Space
Ground control
User equipment

- Baseline 24 satellite constellation in Medium Earth Orbit
- Global coverage, 24 hours a day, all weather conditions
- Satellites broadcast precise time and orbit information on L-band radio frequencies
- Two types of signals:
- Standard (free of direct user fees)
- Precise (U.S. and allied military)
- Three segments:
- Space
- Ground control
- User equipment

- Global Positioning System (GPS)

## GPS Constellation

- 13 Block IIA satellites
- 12 Block IIR satellites
- 6 Block IIR-M satellite
- Transmitting new second civil signal (L2C)
- Continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch need
- 2 Block IIR(M) satellites remaining
- Next launch:  June 2008
- Global GPS civil service performance commitment met continuously since December 1993

- 31 Operational Satellites
- As of 1 Apr 2008 (Baseline Constellation: 24)

## GPS Operational Control Segment (OCS)

** ****Ground**
**Antenna**

**Master Control Station (Schriever AFB)**

- Ascension

- Diego Garcia

- Cape Canaveral

- Hawaii

- Kwajalein

- Schriever AFB Colorado

- S Korea

- Australia

- Bahrain

- S Africa

- England

- Argentina

- Ecuador

- Tahiti

- USNO

- Alaska

**Monitor**
**Station**

- New
- Zealand

- Vandenberg AFB     California

- NGA Monitor Station

- OCS Monitor Station

- Ground Antenna

- Future Monitor Station

- Master Control Station

- Backup Master Control Station

## GPS Modernization – the Future

-  Second civil signal “L2C”
-  Designed to meet commercial needs
- Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction
-  Began with GPS Block IIR-M in Sep 2005;  24 satellites: ~2014
-  Third civil signal “L5”
-  Designed to meet demanding requirements for transportation safety-of-life
- Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service (ARNS) band
-  Begins with GPS Block IIF
-  1st launch: ~2008 (GPS IIR-M Demo); ~2009 (GPS IIF); 24 satellites: ~2016
-  Fourth civil signal “L1C”
-  Designed with international partners for GNSS interoperability
-  Begins with GPS Block III
-  First launch: ~2014;  24 satellites: ~2021

## Continuous Performance Improvement

**Decreasing range error**

*Performance*
*Standard**** ***

**Year**

- Key measures of effectiveness to evaluate GPS services
*Accuracy*
*Bounded inaccuracy*
*Assured availability*
*Integrity*
*Resistance to RF interference/jamming*

***Accuracy***

## U.S. Policy History

- 1978: First GPS satellite launched
- 1983: President offered free civilian GPS access to GPS
- 1996: Established joint civil/military GPS management

- 1997: Congress passes law providing civil GPS access free of direct user fees
- 2000: President set Selective Availability to “Zero”
- 2004: President issues U.S. Policy on Space-Based PNT
- 2007: President announces Selective Availability eliminated from future GPS III satellites

## 2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy

- No direct user fees for civil GPS services
- Open public signal structures for all civil services
- Promotes equal access for user equipment manufacture, applications development and value-added services
- Encourages open market-driven competition
- Encourage use of GPS time, geodesy and signal standards
- Promote global compatibility and interoperability of GNSS systems with GPS
- Protect the radionavigation spectrum from disruption and interference
- Recognition of national and international security issues and protect against misuse

## 2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy

- Recognizes the changing international scene
- Other nations are implementing space-based systems that provide PNT services
- National Executive Committee for Space-Based PNT
- Chaired by Deputy Secretaries of Defense and Transportation
- Membership includes:  State, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Homeland Security, Joint Chiefs of Staff and NASA
- Established National Coordination Office with staff from each member agency

## U.S. Space-Based PNT Structure

- Ad HocWorking Groups

## U.S. Space-based PNT Advisory Board

- Conducts assessments; makes recommendations to the Executive Committee in support of national policy goals and objectives for space-based PNT
- Twenty-four members; 6 international members
- Met twice in 2007
- Last meeting:  27-28 March 2008

##       Key Executive Committee Activities

- Five-Year National Space-Based PNT Plan
- Summarizes EXCOM agency planning for development, acquisition, sustainment and modernization of U.S. space-based PNT systems
- Interference Detection and Mitigation Plan
- Department of Homeland Security coordinating U.S. capabilities to detect and mitigate sources of interference to GPS and its augmentations
- National PNT Architecture
- Provides national PNT framework/investment strategy to help guide future PNT system-of-systems investment** **– 2025 timeframe
- International Cooperation and Consultation
- Compatibility and interoperability with other foreign systems

- Eight meetings since 2006

## 2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy International Relations

*Goals**:** *
- U.S. space-based PNT systems and services remain essential components of internationally accepted services
- Promote U.S. technological leadership in applications involving space-based PNT services
*To achieve these goals, the U.S. shall:*
- Encourage foreign development of PNT services/systems based on GPS
- Seek to ensure foreign space-based PNT systems are interoperable with civil GPS and augmentations
- At a minimum ensure compatibility
- Promote use of GPS and its augmentations, civil services and standards with foreign gov’ts and other int’l organizations

## Existing and Future GNSS

- Global Constellations
- GPS
- GLONASS
- Galileo*
- Compass*
- Regional Constellations
- QZSS*
- IRNSS*

- Satellite-Based Augmentations
- WAAS
- EGNOS
- MSAS*
- GAGAN*

- *Future

## Goal of Civil Interoperability

- Ideal interoperability provides users a PNT solution using signals from different GNSS systems:
- No additional receiver cost or complexity
- No degradation in performance

- Interoperable = Better Together Than Separate

**Example:**

## U.S. Objectives with Other GNSS Service Providers

- Ensure compatibility ― ability of U.S. and non-U.S. space based PNT services operating separately or together without interfering with each individual service or signal
- Radio frequency compatibility
- Spectral separation between M code and other signals
- Achieve interoperability – ability of civil U.S. and non-U.S. space-based PNT services operating together to provide  better user capabilities than by relying on one service or signal
- Primary focus on the common L1C and L5 signals

- Pursue through Bi-lateral and Multi-lateral Cooperation

## 

Activity is divided among four working groups:
Radio frequency compatibility 
Trade issues
Technological developments and                                                     future designs
Security issues 
Improved new civil signal (MBOC)                                  adopted in July 2007

- Activity is divided among four working groups:
- Radio frequency compatibility
- Trade issues
- Technological developments and                                                     future designs
- Security issues
- Improved new civil signal (MBOC)                                  adopted in July 2007

- U.S. -- EU agreement signed in 2004 provides solid foundation for cooperation

- U.S. - Europe Cooperation

- June 26, 2004, press conference at U.S.-EU Summit in Ireland (U.S. Sec. of State Colin Powell, Irish Foreign Minister Brian Cowen, EU Vice-President Loyola De Palacio)‏

## International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG)‏

- Emerged from 3rd UN Conference on Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space - July 1999
- Promote the use of GNSS and its integration into infrastructures, particularly in developing countries
- Encourage compatibility and interoperability among global and regional systems
- Members include:
- GNSS providers (U.S., EU, Russia, China, India, Japan)
- Other member states of the United Nations
- International organizations/associations
- U.S. will host next ICG in Pasadena, CA - Dec 2008

## Summary

- U.S. Space-based PNT effort progressing well in policy, programs and international outreach
-   Implementation of 2004 U.S. Policy proceeding well
-   U.S. space-based PNT system performance continue to  imimprove into the future
-   International cooperation is a top U.S. priority
- Actively engaged in multi-lateral/bi-lateral consultations
-   New GNSS applications emerging

- As new space-based GNSSs emerge, compatibility and interoperability is the key to “success for all”

## Web-based Information

**PNT.gov** established to provide a source for information about U.S. Space Based PNT Program including:
- U.S. policy, Executive Committee membership, Advisory Board and frequently asked questions
- Announcements about Selective Availability and offer letter to International Civil Aviation Organization
- Recent public presentations
**GPS.gov** established for public information about GPS applications
- Available in English, French, Spanish, Arabic and Chinese
- Brochures also available in hardcopy upon request
- Links to various other Web sites

## Contact Information

- Michael E. ShawDirector
- U.S. National Coordination OfficeSpace-Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing 1401 Constitution Ave, N.W.Washington, D.C.  20230-0001
- Ph:  (202) 482-5809Fax: (202) 482-4429michael.shaw@pnt.gov
- This presentation and other GPS information:www.pnt.gov