# Presentation: 937250

## CERES TSI/SYNI/AVG STATUS

- F. Rose , T. Charlock, D. Doelling, W. Su
-  D. Rutan, Z. Jin, T. Caldwell, C. Nguyen
- S. Kato, S. Zentz, R. Raju_x0018_
- 10th CERES-II Science Team Meeting
- October 27-29 2008
- Goddard Institute Space Science
- New York, NY

## Outline

- Product Introduction
- Model  vs. Observed (Agreement?)
- TSI <31 day per month bug ( Fixed !)
- Global Mean TOA Flux ( Net Balance ?)
- Validation Spatial Subset
- Hourly, Daily, Monthly & Station Averages
- UVB and PAR
- Beta4_AVG “content survey”
- PAR compared with SeaWiFS product
- Atmosphere radiation budget
- AVG Product and NCAR/NCAR Reanalysis

## SYNI Product What is it?

**Global Hourly**
- 1 x 1deg Equal Area Grid N=44012
**Fu-Liou Radiative Transfer**
- Broadband SW,LW
- TOA, surface and atmosphere
**TSI Input product for SYNI**
- CERES (~12 hourly)
- MODIS (~12 hourly)
- Geostationary (3 hourly)
- Normalized to CERES for TOA Fluxes
- Geostationary radiances calibrated to MODIS
- Cloud Properties
- Fraction, height, *optical depth, phase, *_*particle size*_
**Other major input products for SYNI**
- GEOS4 Temperature & Humidity
- SMOBA Ozone
- MODIS and MATCH AOTs , MATCH constituents / OPAC properties
- Daily Microwave Snow & Ice

## TSI/SYNI/AVG PRODUCT FLOW

**Hourly**
- Flux Profiles

**MOA**
**T(z),Q(z),O****3****(z)**

**GGEO**
- 3 Hourly

**FSW**

**TSI**
- Clouds
- TOA Flux
**Hourly**

**SYN**
**3 hourly**

**AVG**
**Monthly** Regional
-   Diurnal Mean

**ZAVG**
**Monthly**
- Zonal
- Global

- Surface Albedo
- History

- Match
- Aerosol

- Ocean
- Sfc. Albedo
- (Z Jin)

- OPAC
- Aerosol
- Properties

- Land Sfc. Albedo Retrievals

**Fu- Liou**
- Radiative Transfer

**CERES**
- Flux

**MODIS**
- Radiance

**Geostationary**
- Multiple
- Satellites

**CRS**

- GMAO
- Geos4

- Tuning Derivative
- Tables

- Spectral Sfc
- Emissivity
- Maps

**Archive**
**Product**

- Non-Archive
- Product

**IGBP**
**Map**

**Snow & ICE**
**Microwave**

**SSF**

## Gamma weighted 2-Stream (SW) , 2/4 Stream (LW) pristine multi-stream correction to COART
Treats sub-computational scale Inhomogeneous clouds (S. Kato)
Correlated k : 29 Bands : 15 SW,  14 LW   ,  3 of 14 LW in WN 
Enhanced output of PAR and UVA,UVB  (W.Su)
Shortwave: ( 0.17 - 4.0 or inf )    [ 2500-57000 cm-1]
HITRAN 2000 ( H20 )   w/( O2,CO2,CH4)@Fixed concentration  
 JPL(1994) O3 uv , WMO(1985) O3 vis
Longwave  (0-2850cm-1) (3.5 – Infinity ) 
 H20 ,CO2 ,O3 ,N20 ,CH4 ,CFCs, H20 continuum )
Optical Properties:  spectral ( g )
Water Cloud (Y. Hu) 
Ice Cloud (Q. Fu 1996 ,Dge) 
Aerosol Optical Properties (OPAC, Tegin&Lacis, d’Almedia)
Major Revisions
10 visible SW bands reworked for O3 and rayleigh in 1995
Near-Ir 0.7-1.3 subdivided into 4 bands in 2005
Online Version    http://www-cave.larc.nasa.gov/cave

- Treats sub-computational scale Inhomogeneous clouds (S. Kato)
- Correlated k : 29 Bands : 15 SW,  14 LW   ,  3 of 14 LW in WN
- Enhanced output of PAR and UVA,UVB  (W.Su)
- Shortwave: ( 0.17 - 4.0 or* inf *)    [ 2500-57000 cm-1]
- HITRAN 2000 ( H20 )   w/( O2,CO2,CH4)@Fixed concentration
-  JPL(1994) O3 uv , WMO(1985) O3 vis
- Longwave  (0-2850cm-1) (3.5 – Infinity )
-  H20 ,CO2 ,O3 ,N20 ,CH4 ,CFCs, H20 continuum )
- Optical Properties:  spectral ( g )
- Water Cloud (Y. Hu)
- Ice Cloud (Q. Fu 1996 ,Dge)
- Aerosol Optical Properties (OPAC, Tegin&Lacis, d’Almedia)
- Major Revisions
- 10 visible SW bands reworked for O3 and rayleigh in 1995
- Near-Ir 0.7-1.3 subdivided into 4 bands in 2005
- Online Version    http://www-cave.larc.nasa.gov/cave

-  Fu-Liou Code for SYNI

##  Daytime Longwave CorrectionFM1 Trends as function of SW minus LW value  

-  Daytime Longwave CorrectionFM1 Trends as function of SW *minus *LW value * *

- TIME (Year)

- Correction Ratio
- always positive:
*Increasing mean*
*OLR by about 1%*
- Bright/Cold scenes
- correction _decreases _
- _with time_
- Dark/Warm scenes
- correction _increases _
- _with time_

## Beta4 “AVG” July 2004TOA Model – Observed [Wm-2]

## UNtuned- Observed SW TOA[Wm-2]July 02

- Combined Daytime
- ~12 hr/day

- Interpolated
- ~7 hr/day

- CERES Flux_x0013_
- ~1 hr/day
- MODIS Multispectral Clouds

- Geostationary NB/BB Flux
- ~3 hr/day
- Vis/Ir Clouds

## UNtuned -Observed LW TOA[Wm-2]July 02

- Combined LW
- 24 hr/day

- Interpolated
- ~14 hr/day

- CERES Flux_x0013_
- ~2 hr/day
- MODIS Multispectral Clouds

- Geostationary NB/BB Flux
- ~8 hr/day
- IR only  Clouds

## Beta4 SYNI  UNtuned  minus “Observed” TOA

- Longwave Correction applied to
- observed CERES/GEO  TOA
- Rev1 Shortwave Correction

|  | Untuned – Observed 
Global Mean TOA Flux
 Mean & (Regional Stddev) |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Instrument | FM1 
15mth | FM2 
2mth | FM3 
 3mth | FM4
 3mth           |
| Longwave | -1.0
 (11.6) |  -1.1 
 (11.6) |  0.4
 (11.4) |  0.2 
(11.3) |
| Shortwave |  0.6 
 (16.5) |  0.7 
(16.6) |  0.8 
(17.7)  | 1.0 
(17.4) |
| Window |  0.2  
 (5.4) |  0.1 
(5.32) |  0.7     
 (5.4)  |  0.3 
 (5.3) |

- Time (months)

*Note: April (30 day) months omitted due to Beta4 TSI Observed ClrSky OLR bug*

## TSI Beta4 Bug

**<30 Day/Month Clear Sky OLR Bug**

**Corrected Re-Run**

## Net TOA Balance Components

- OBSERVED and
- MODEL Tuned
- Single Month of July 2004 (FM1)

- Toa Insolation

| July 2004
FM1 [Wm-2] | Obs | Model
Tuned |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TOA
Insolation | 330.45 |  |  |
| TOA SW Up | 91.65 |  | 91.80 |
| OLR | 242.41 |  | 241.7 |
| TOA SW&LW Net | -3.60 |  | -3.03 |

- [Wm-2]

## Beta4 SYNI 

- Global Monthly
- Mean TOA
- 2000-2005
- Jan, *Apr*, Jul, Oct
- April has TSI CSOLR bug

- Shortwave
- Reflected
- TOA(Wm-2)

- Longwave
- TOA(Wm-2)

- NET TOA
- (Wm-2)

- TIME (Months)

## Spatial Subset Validation

- 170 grid boxes out of 44012
- Planned as part of CAVE website (Edition release)
- Selected according to.......
- Surface validation sites
- CAVE
- ARM, SURFRAD, BSRN CMDL
- BB SW&LW
- Aeronet sites
- Variety of IGBP types
- Crude global representation

## Surface 

**Downward**
**Longwave**
- Comparison to
- Surface
- Validation sites

*Remember these *
*are point to grid-box*
*comparisons*

## Surface 

**Upward**
**Longwave**
- Comparison to
- Surface
- Validation sites

## Surface 

**Downward**
**Shortwave**
- Comparison to
- Surface
- Validation sites

## Surface 

**Upward**
**Shortwave**
- Comparison to
- Surface
- Validation sites

## Edited to removing

- mainly **coastal** sites
- Georg von Neumayer
- Manus
- Nauru
- Tateno
- E12 sgp (some suspect data )

- Surface
**Upward**
**Shortwave**
- Comparison to
- Surface
- Validation sites

## UNtuned TOA

## TUNED TOA

## Beta5 SYNI FM1&FM2 ( STS Subset)  2000:2005/Jan,Apr,Jul,Oct TOA and Surface Flux Comparison [Wm-2]

## Spectral Diurnal Transmission Examples

- Uses LaRC Fu-Liou code
- for UVA, UVB , PAR see
- JGR 2007 W.Su

- less H2O ..more BB
- more O3 ..less UV

## Surface 

**UV INDEX**
- Comparison to seven
- SURFRAD Validation sites
- UV INDEX equals erythemal
- action spectra over  215:380nm
- in Wm-2 times 40

## Bondville:

**Bondville**:
- Some surface UVB
- measurements are
- suspect?

## IAV of Monthly Mean UV Index

- Fort Peck

- Bondville

## Daily Integrated UV Dosage (J m-2) 

- Daily Integrated UV Dosage (J m-2)

- Analysis courtesy : Wenying Su( NASA LaRC)

**TOMS** Vs. SURFRAD(OBS)

**Beta4_SYNI** Vs. SURFRAD(OBS)

## Surface 

**PAR **
- Comparison to
- Sfc. SURFRAD
- Validation sites
- PAR =400:700nm Wm-2

## CERES “AVG” PAR 

- CERES “AVG” PAR
- (Photosynthetic Active Radiation)
- Compared to SeaWiFs
- July 2004.
- OCEAN ONLY!
- But remember CERES does land as well

- -10

- +10

## Monthly Diurnal Mean Sfc. Transmission Broadband SW & PAR 

- Monthly Diurnal Mean Sfc. Transmission Broadband SW & PAR

- We had seen monthly mean PAR bias
- compared to NOON overpass SeaWifs.
- Could diurnal cloud differences be the cause?
-  (Yes)  CERES TSI/SYNI/AVG gives better
-  diurnal sampling.

## Slide 31

## Beta4 “AVG”

- Survey of Cloud and Aerosol forcing  variables
- Atmospheric Radiation Budget
- Diabatic ( SH +LE = ATM NET RAD)
- Compare Subsidence and Radiative Cooling

## Survey of Beta4 “AVG” Forcing Quantities ( July 2004) [Wm-2] 

## Sensible(24) + Latent(78) + SW_ATM_Absorbed(67) = LW_ATM_Emitted(-169)

- -OR-
- Sensible&Latent(102) = Atm_Net_SW&LW(-102)
- {Kiehl and Trenberth 1997}

## Sensible&Latent(97) = Atm_Net_SW&LW(-98) +Ocean(0.9):: 

- Sensible&Latent(97) = Atm_Net_SW&LW(-98) +Ocean(0.9)::
- {Trenberth, Fasullo, Keihl :2008}

## Slide 36

## Atmosphere Diabatic

**Atmosphere Diabatic**
**Radiation Budget**
- Atmosphere gains ..
-  Latent and Sensible Heat
-  Shortwave absorption
- Atmosphere loses ...
- Longwave cooling
- On monthly global scale
- the processes are* nearly *in
- equilibrium.
- Zonal gradient drives global
- atmosphere circulation
*Hadley cell*
*poleward heat transport*

- Kalnay et al.,The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project,
-  Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-470, 1996.
- Source NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD,Boulder, Colorado, USA_x0016_

- Beta4_AVG

- NCEP/NCAR

- NCEP/NCAR

- SW+LW Atm Net = **-107**

- Sensible= **+18**

- Latent= **+84**

- Global Atm = **-5**

## Comparison of 

- Comparison of
- CLOUD FORCED Atmosphere Net Radiative Process
- to
- TOTAL Diabatic Processes 200407

- Clouds increase atmosphere
- radiative cooling in polar regions
- and reduce cooling in tropics
- Increasing atmosphere
-  zonal heat transport_x0013_

**Kato S**.,  Rose F., Rutan D.,  Charlock T.,
- Cloud Effects on Meridional Atmospheric Energy Budget Estimated from Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Data. *J. Climate ,***Sept 2008**

**Zhang, Y.-C., and W. B. Rossow**, **1997**:
- Estimating meridional energy transport by the atmospheric and oceanic general circulations using boundary fluxes,
* **J. Climate*, 10, 2358-2373.

- SW+LW Atm Net = **-107**

- Global Atm= **-5**

- Atmosphere
- Cld Force= **-1.8**

## Zonal Height profile of

-  OMEGA/Vertical Motion (Adiabatic)
-  Radiational Cooling (Diabatic)

**Wm****-2**

## Zonal Temperature Tendencies for July 2004

- Beta4_AVG Net Atmosphere SW&LW( Radiative/Diabatic) SOLID
- NCEP OMEGA based (Vertical Motion/Adiabatic) DASHED

## Summary

- Point to grid-box surface validation of Beta4_**SYNI** and Beta4_**AVG** are encouraging.
- Diurnal effects of GEO clouds and fluxes are consistent and add value.
- Atmosphere Net budget closes to within 5% of Ncar/Ncep Reanalysis.
- A Full 12 month year will be processed and analyzed before an Edition decision is made.