# Presentation: 932392

## Saku Tsuneta

- (NAOJ)

**Overview of **
**Hinode mission**

## Solar physics from space in Japan

_**Hinotori (ASTRO-A)**_
- 188 kg, 1981
**Non-thermal acceleration**
- ・Hard-Xray imaging with
-   rotation modulation
-   collimator 10 arcsec
- ・Bragg crystal spectrometer
- ・SXS, HXS

_**Yohkoh (SOLAR-A)**_
-  390 kg, 1991
**Non-thermal acceleration**
**and plasma heating**
- ・HXR Fourier telescope (J)
-    7 arcsec
- ・Soft X-ray telescope (J/US)
-    5arcsec
- ・Bragg spectrometer
-               (J, US, UK)
- ・WBS

_**Hinode (SOLAR-B)**_
- ~ 900kg, 2006
**Magnetic fields with corona**
- ・SOT (Japan, US)
-    0.2 arcsec
- ・XRT (US, Japan)
-    2arcsec
- ・EIS (UK, US, Japan)
-    2arcsec

- Solar physics from space in Japan

_**Tansei**_
- (Path finder mission)

- With NASA, UK

- With NASA, UK

## EUV Imaging

**EUV Imaging**
** ****Spectrometer****(****EIS****)**

**Solar Optical Telescope****(****SOT****)**

**X-ray Telescope ****(****XRT****)**

- SOLAR-B mission objective: systems approach to understand generation, transport and ultimate dissipation of solar magnetic fields with 3 well-coordinated advanced telescopes.

- Launched on Sep 23, 2006 by ISAS/JAXA
- Japan-US-UK-ESA project
- Mission Lifetime:  > 3 years
- Orbit: Polar, Sun Synchronous

## Solar-B chronology

- 1994-1995 Ad-hoc working group at NAOJ
- 1995	   Mission proposal (MUSES-C)
- 1996	   Mission proposal2 (IR-mission)
- 1997 	   Mission proposal3 (finally won)
-                ==parallel activity in US and UK==
- 1998	   New start with basic research \
- 1999-2001 Proto-model design/fab./test
- 2001-2004 Flight-model design/fab./test
- 2005-2006 Final test/launch
- 2006	    PV Observations start

## SOLAR-B science mission design(1995-1997)

- SOT:Modest 50cm diffraction-limited telescope, considering science requirement, technical and cost reality.
- Stokes polarimeter is a must instrument (can not fly only with filter instrument)
- Needs velocity maps with EUV imaging spectrometer
- Simultaneous observations with high co-alignment accuracy
- XRT: Choice of grazing incidence optics to have temperature sensitivity in 1-20 MK, while maintaining high spatial resolution
*Once the concept was established, there has been no  compromise during the development.  *

## SOT assembly and test at NAOJ

**OTA**

**OBU**

**FPP**

**SOT assembly and test at NAOJ**

## SOLAR-B Flight model

**FPP**

**EIS**

**OTA**

**FPP**

**XRT**

**OTA**

**EIS**

**XRT**

## SOLAR-B Spacecraft

**Thermal vacuum test**

**Accoustic test**

**SOLAR-B Spacecraft**

- 2006 September 23 6:32 JST SOLAR-B launch
- JAXA Uchinoura Space Center

## Strong international collaboration for SOLAR-B 3 space agencies, 11 organizations in 4 countries 

**Strong international collaboration ****for SOLAR-B *****3 space agencies, 11 organizations in 4 countries ***

**NAOJ**
**(OTA, FPP, XRT, EIS)**

**JAXA**
**(Rocket, Spacecraft,**
** ****OTA, FPP, XRT, EIS)**

**NRL (EIS)**

**NASA GSFC(EIS)**

**MSSL(EIS)**
**RAL(EIS)**

- Japan

- UK

- US

- Norway

**Univ. Oslo(EIS)**

**LMSAL (FPP)**

**HAO(FPP)**

**NASA MSFC**
**(FPP, XRT, EIS)**

**ESA**

**NASA**

**JAXA**

**SAO(FPP)**

## Hinode organization 

- Project manager:Kosugi, Nakatani (JAXA)
- Deputy managers:Sakao, Shimizu (JAXA)
- Co-manager:Tsuneta (NAOJ)
- NASA manager: Cobb (MSFC)
- Instrument PI
- SOT:Tsuneta, Tarbell (US)
- XRT: DeLuca(US), Shibasaki(Sakao)
- EIS:Harra(UK), Doschek (US), Watanabe
- Project scientist: Sakurai, Shibata (Japan), Davis (US), Williams (UK)

## The late Professor Takeo Kosugi

**2006 September 23 Uchinoura**

**The late Professor Takeo Kosugi**
**Project manager for SOLAR-B**

## SOT spatial resolution (courtesy Yoshi Suematsu)

- Note that G-band bright point has finite size and slight degradation due to onboard JPEG compression.
- More analysis with phase-diversity is being done.

- 1万6千km

## Hinode covers almost whole solar MHD 

**(filter optics, spectrograph)**

**      ****X-Ray Telescope**
**EUV Imaging Spectrometer**

- Convection
- Flow and B

- Sunspot and Magnetic Field Structure
-    MMF and AR disintegration
-    Light bridge, umbral dots
-    Penumbral structure

- Coronal Heating
- EIS non-thermal velocities
- XRT temperature structure
- Transient brightening
- XBP

-  Flux emergence
-  Convective collapse
-  Vertical fields and GBP
-  Ubiquitous horizontal fields

- Flares, coronal dynamics
- Data driven simulation
- Coronal extrapolation
-   of magnetic fields

- Magnetic Reconnection
- EIS Detection of in and outflow
- Coronal jets
- Chromospheric jets
- Penumbral micro-jets

**SOLAR-B**
**Science Scope**

- Alfven
- waves
- Acoustic
- waves

- Hinode covers almost whole solar MHD

- Local
- Helio-seismology

- Fast solar wind
- Slow solar wind

- Dynamo
- Global and local

## Multiple uniqueness of Hinode

- SOT vs ground-based observatories
- High (modest) resolution continuous imaging with stable PSF
- Precision spectro-polarimetry
- XRT vs EIT/TRACE/SDO
- High-quality grazing incidence optics provides 1MK-20MK
- EIS vs SOHO/CDS
- Higher resolution and sensitibity (a few km/s non-thermal motion)
- Synergy of 3 instruments
- 24 hour access to Sun

## SOT achievement and post-launch issues 

- Achievement
- Overall spacecraft status superb
- Attains 0.2-0.3 arcsec diffraction-limited imaging
- Image stabilization <0.01arcsec
- Specrtro-polarimeter and wide-band filters working fine
- Issues
- SOT tunable filters
- Synergy of three instruments not sufficient
- Data of individual instrument too interesting so far
- It is time to enhance the interaction between instruments.

## Summary

- The concept study started around 1995-1996. Almost 10 years were spent for the development of SOLAR-B mission. Hinode became a unique solar observatory by combining optical and X-ray, imaging and spectroscopy.
- Rapid progress in high resolution optical astronomy especially in Europe gradually made it clear that Hinode was born in perfect timing.
- The data was released to the world community on May 27. The release of all the data is not trivial issue for us. In fact, it is a major decision for the sake of solar physics. We hope to have collaboration in spacecraft operations, joint observations, and data analysis, and expect significant scientific output.

## Yohkoh publications

**PhD thesis****	**** 59 (29 in Japan)**
**Nature, Science****	**** 10 (until 2003)**

**Papers/year**

**Cumulative**

## ?

**Hinotori (1981-1982)**

**Yohkoh (1991- 2001)**
**with NASA and UK**

**Hinode (2006-)**
**With NASA,UK and ESA**

- SOLAR-C