# Presentation: 669409

## Sampson & Laub (2004). Criminology, 41 (3): 555-592.

## Drug Abuse Epidemiology Datasets

**Drug Abuse Epidemiology Datasets**

**Wilson M. Compton, M.D., M.P.E.**
**Director, Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research**
**National Institute on Drug Abuse**

**16 May 2007**

## Primary Concepts

**Primary Concepts**

**Do the major datasets provide good secondary analysis scientific opportunities?**
**How can NIDA promote use of these resources?**

_***Ultimate Goal is to Enhance the Process of Scientific Discovery***_

## 1.  Cross-Sectional

**1.  *****Cross-Sectional***

## Changes in Current Smoking Among US Students Before/After Launch of the "truth" Campaign in 2000

| Grade | 1997 | 2002 | Change | 1997-1999 | 2000-2002 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| All | 28.0 | 18.0 | –35.7 | –3.2 (–3.8, –2.6) | –6.8 (–7.5, –6.1) |
| 8th | 19.4 | 10.7 | –44.8 | –3.4 (–4.6, –2.1) | –9.0 (–10.4, –7.6) |
| 10th | 29.8 | 17.7 | –40.6 | –4.6 (–5.6, –3.6) | –8.7 (–9.8, –7.5) |
| 12th | 36.5 | 26.7 | –26.8 | –1.8 (–2.7, –1.0) | –5.1 (–6.1, –3.9) |

*Farrelly et al, AJPH 2005;95:425-431*

## Aggression, Delinquency, and Opportunity to Buy Drugs: NHSDA

- Odd Ratio for  Reporting Chance to Buy Drugs

**Aggression, Delinquency, and Opportunity to Buy Drugs: *****NHSDA***

- Rosenberg & Anthony, Drug Alc Dependence  2001;63:245-252

***Delinquency ***
***Aggression***

***Low***
***Low***

***Low***
***High***

***High***
***Low***

***High***
***High***

*** P < .01 Compared to Low/Low Reference Group**

*****

*****

## Lifetime Prevalence of Use Among Whites and African Americans 12+ Years Old (NSDUH 2004)

**Lifetime Prevalence of Use Among Whites and African Americans 12+ Years Old (NSDUH 2004)**

**Denise Kandel, NIDA Trajectories Conference 11/13/2006]**

- Percentage of Lifetime Use

- ***

- ***

- ***

- ***

- ***

## Current Smoking by Age Among White and African American Lifetime Smokers in 2004 and in the 1973-1978 Birth Cohorts in 1990, 1996 and 2004 (NHSDA/NSDUH )

**Current Smoking by Age Among White and African American Lifetime Smokers in 2004 and in the 1973-1978 Birth Cohorts in 1990, 1996 and 2004 (NHSDA/NSDUH )**

- Percentage of Last Month Use

**Age Category**

**Denise Kandel, NIDA Trajectories Conference 11/13/2006**

## Current Smoking by Age Among White and African American Lifetime Smokers in 2004 and in the 1973-1978 Birth Cohorts in 1990, 1996 and 2004 (NHSDA/NSDUH )

- Percentage of Last Month Use

**Age Category**

**1990**

**1990**

**1996**

**1996**

**2004**

**2004**

**2004**

**2004**

**Denise Kandel, NIDA Trajectories Conference 11/13/2006**

## Current Smoking by Age Among White and African American Lifetime Smokers in 2004 and in the 1973-1978 Birth Cohorts in 1990, 1996 and 2004 (NHSDA/NSDUH )

- Percentage of Last Month Use

**Age Category**

**1990**

**1990**

**2004**

**2004**

**1996**

**1996**

**2004**

**2004**

**2004**

**2004**

**2004**

**2004**

**Denise Kandel, NIDA Trajectories Conference 11/13/2006**

## Mean Ages of Onset of Substances Among Whites and African Americans 18-49 Years Old (NSDUH 2004)

**Mean Ages of Onset of Substances Among Whites and African Americans 18-49 Years Old (NSDUH 2004)**

**Mean Age of Onset**

*******

*******

*******

*******

*****

**Denise Kandel, NIDA Trajectories Conference 11/13/2006**

## Last Year Dependence Among Lifetime Users Age 12+ Among Whites and African Americans (NSDUH 2004)

**Denise Kandel, NIDA Trajectories Conference 11/13/2006**

## Last Year Dependence Among Lifetime MJ Users by Age Among Whites & African Americans (NSDUH 2004)

- Percentage of Last Year Dependence

- Age Category

- White

- Afr-Am

**Denise Kandel, NIDA Trajectories Conference 11/13/2006**

**5**

**10**

**15**

**20**

**25**

**30**

**12-17**

**18-25**

**26-34**

**35-49**

## Last Year Dependence Among Lifetime Cocaine Users by Age Among Whites and African Americans (NSDUH 2004)

**Last Year Dependence Among Lifetime Cocaine Users by Age Among Whites and African Americans (NSDUH 2004)**

- Percentage of Last Year Dependence

- Age Category

- White

- Afr-Am

**Denise Kandel, NIDA Trajectories Conference 11/13/2006]**

## Prescription Drug Misuse and Disorders in 1991-1992 (NLAES) and 2001-2002 (NESARC)

**Prescription Drug Misuse and Disorders in 1991-1992 (NLAES) and 2001-2002 (NESARC)**

- Blanco C et al., in press

*** P < 0.01**

*****

*****

## 1.  Examples of National U.S. Cross-Sectional  Data

**1.  Examples of National U.S. **_***Cross-Sectional***_***  *****Data**

**Monitoring the Future (MTF)**
**National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)**
**National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC)**
**National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) *****and related***
**Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS)**
**Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS)**
**Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN)**

## Select Examples of Other Large Data Sets

**Select Examples of Other Large Data Sets**

**Adolescent Treatment Studies**
**SPF-SIG data**
**Criminal Justice Datasets**
**Medicaid and Medicare Administrative Data**
**V.A. Health Care Data**
**Large Managed Care Systems (e.g. Group Health Plan, Kaiser)**
**NIDA’s Clinical Trials Network (CTN) Database:  **_[www.ctndatashare.org](http://www.ctndatashare.org/)__ _

## 2.  Longitudinal

**2.  *****Longitudinal***

## Smoking Intensity Decreasing Across Birth Cohorts But Stable Across Time (MTF Data)

- Jackson et al. J Abnormal Psychology 2005;114:612-626

**Smoking Intensity Decreasing Across Birth Cohorts But Stable Across Time (MTF Data)**

## Slide 20

## NSPY Study:  Distinguishing Vulnerable/Resolute Non-Using Adolescents

**NSPY Study:  Distinguishing Vulnerable/Resolute Non-Using Adolescents**

- Crano WD, NSPY Users Group Meeting May 2007

*** ******Sample with complete data at all rounds, Ages 12-18***** *****(N = 2111)***

_***Predictors:***_
**Demographic**
**Social**
**Academic**
**Parental**
**Peer**
**Other substances**

**Marijuana Use**

## Benefit Cost Markedly Greater for Life Course View of Heroin Addiction (DATOS)

- Zarkin et al. Health Economics 005;14:1133-1150

**Notes:**
MacLeod and colleagues demonstrated in a RCT significant differences in 90-day continuous abstinence rates, with the combination treatment showing greater efficacy than NRT alone at both 3 months and 6 months. 

Zhu also studied the California quitline as an adjunct to NRT, but the control group was not compelling (those who dropped out of the counseling program).

Sydney, Australia

## Slide 23

**Notes:**
MacLeod and colleagues demonstrated in a RCT significant differences in 90-day continuous abstinence rates, with the combination treatment showing greater efficacy than NRT alone at both 3 months and 6 months. 

Zhu also studied the California quitline as an adjunct to NRT, but the control group was not compelling (those who dropped out of the counseling program).

Sydney, Australia

## 2.  Examples of National U.S. Longitudinal  Data

**National Survey of Parents and Youth (NSPY)**
**Drug Abuse Treatment Outcomes Study (DATOS) **
**Adolescent Health (AddHealth)**
**National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY)**
**National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC)**

**2.  Examples of National U.S. **_***Longitudinal***_***  *****Data**

## Select Examples of Other Large Data Sets

**Select Examples of Other Large Data Sets**

**Adolescent Treatment Studies**
**Multi-wave locally representative data**
**	****Great Smoky Mountain Study**
**	*****and more than 50 others....***

## 3. Using Data Systems: Advantages and Problems

**3. Using Data Systems: Advantages and Problems**

## Access to Data

**Access to Data**

**SAMHDA Website **_[http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/SAMHDA/](http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/SAMHDA/)_

## Access to Data

**Access to Data**

**SAMHDA Website **_[http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/SAMHDA/](http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/SAMHDA/)_
**UCLA Data Program Project (Bentler, PI) and Penn State Prevention Methods Center (Collins, PI)**
**Confidentiality concerns **

## Knowledge of data sets

**Knowledge of data sets**

**Common problem in using data collected by someone else**
**Solutions:  Seminars, publications, user-groups**
**NSPY User Group**
**NESARC User Group**

## 3. Improving Use of Data

**3. Improving Use of Data**

**Support for secondary work**
***Gene Environment Development Initiative (GEDI)***
**Support for release and access to data?**
**Developing common metrics for newly proposed studies that are not primarily concerned with drug abuse/addiction?**

## Conclusions

**Conclusions**

**Multiple rich sources of data exist and provide opportunities for developing and testing important hypotheses.  **
**Promoting the effective and efficient use of these data requires management and strategic planning.**

## Slide 32