BEE-spoke-data/govdocs1-by-extension huggingface dataset:
# Presentation: 326439

## Office equipment electricity use:  Of urban legends and key uncertainties

- Jonathan Koomey, Ph.D.
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- JGKoomey@lbl.gov, 510/486-5974, http://enduse.lbl.gov/
- Download: http://enduse.lbl.gov/shareddata/NYAcademytalk001022.ppt
- Presented at
- The NY Academy of Sciences/Tellus Institute Joint Symposium on E-Commerce and the Environment
-            October 24 - 25, 2000
-            New York, New York

## Debunking an urban legend

- _x0008_*The Internet Begins with Coal*, by Mark Mills, published in *Forbes* in May 1999 (widely cited)
- Mills–the Internet accounts for 8% of all U.S. electricity use (at least 8 times too high).
- Mills–all office equipment accounts for 13% of all U.S. electricity use (about 4 times too high).
- Mills ignores systemic effects (Romm 1999) and structural change (Laitner 2000).
- For documentation of the controversy go to http://enduse.lbl.gov/Projects/InfoTech.html

## Mills’ electricity “used by the internet”, corrected by LBNL

**TWh per year**

## A key uncertainty:  Data centers/server hotels

- _x0008_Some utilities receiving requests for tens to hundreds of MW of power from proposed data centers
- Estimates for power use almost certainly too large
- One facility maximum = 90 W/sf, actual <40W/sf.
- Another facility claimed 65 W/sf, but floor area defined incorrectly to exclude aisles and other common areas, leading to an overestimate of power use (this definition is critical)
- Still another facility took direct server load and multiplied by three (!) to account for cooling, lighting, and other uses (implies a COP of about 0.5, 3-4 times too low)

## Upper bound estimate to electricity used by data centers in the U.S

- (1) Floor area taken from Juarez, Richard A. 2000. *Virtual Bricks II:  Virtual Econ 101 Update:  A Comprehensive Guide for Understanding eCommerce Infrastructure Evolution and Convergence*. Boston, MA: FleetBoston Robertson Stephens Inc.  May.
- (2) Power density is an upper bound based on recent discussions with experts.
- (3) Electricity use calculated assuming 8760 hours per year operation, flat load curve.
- (4) Total U.S. electricity use taken from EIA’s Annual Energy Outlook 2000.
- Contact:  JGKoomey@lbl.gov, 510/486-5974.

## Join the network for energy, environment, efficiency, and the information economy (N4E)

**http://N4E.lbl.gov**

## Conclusions

- Recent accounts contain large overestimates of electricity used by computers and network equipment.
- Understanding the systemic effects of information technology is critically important.
- Credible data are urgently needed to reduce uncertainties, particularly on electricity used by data centers and other high power density facilities.
# Presentation: 323595

## Large-Aperture Holographic OpticsRalcon Development LabParadise, UT

**ACCOMPLISHMENTS**
- Devised optical ray tracing tools and methods for design of holographic recording layouts.
- Implemented a full holographic construction set-up using computer generated diffractive optics and bent lenses to correct aberrations induced by wavelength change.
- Completed designs and construction of plane gratings and focusing Holographic Optical Elements (HOEs) at 532, 523, 770, 830, 1046 and 1064 nm.
**COMMERCIALIZATION**
- Delivered prototype LIDAR scanning and collection HOEs to HARC, ATM and ORCA.  These companies will test the HOEs over the next year.
- Anticipate sales of 100 units per year at $1000 per unit.
- HOEs used in Fiberless OpticalTM technology developed by Terabeam Networks, Inc.  that  creates a point-to-multipoint network of invisible light over a metropolitan area to connect local area networks (LANs) and the nation's wide-area networks (WANs) at gigabit speeds.  The company employs more than 400 people and has raised more than $500 million in funding.

**S****mall**
**B****usiness**
**I****nnovation**
**R****esearch**

- 1993 Phase 2, SS-5-003,  9/26/00 (update)

**Goddard Space Flight Center**

**INNOVATION**

**          ****GOVERNMENT/SCIENCE APPLICATIONS**
- Produced several different scanners for Utah State University to expand it’s LIDAR capabilities in studying atmospheric phenomena such as wind, water vapor, clouds, temperature, pressure, ozone and aerosols.
- Produced the first ever 400 mm diameter scanner and collector HOE for operation at 1064 nm.  NASA uses in atmospheric boundary layer research, wind measurements, and related areas.
- NASA use includes space-borne, airborne, and ground-based remote sensing applications.
- Developing 1 m diameter HOE for UV wavelength space applications.

- Holographic scanning and focusing collection optics
- that greatly simplify the opto-mechanical design of
- large aperture incoherent LIDAR systems in the visible
- and near IR regions

***Large-Aperture Holographic Optic***

- Points of Contact:
- 	-  NASA - Geary Schwemmer; 301-614-5768
- 	-  Ralcon - Richard Rallison; 435-245-4623
# Presentation: 162592

## Accelerated Approvals in Oncology  

- Richard Pazdur, MD
- Director, Oncology Drug Products

## Oncology Accelerated Approvals

- Confirmatory trials: an integral part of a comprehensive drug development strategy
- Patient population in AA versus population in the confirmatory trials
- Merits of different trial designs
- Single-arm versus randomized trials

## Timing of Confirmatory Trials

- “Post-marketing studies would usually be underway”
***Comprehensive drug development program***
- Confirmatory trials *integrated* in the development program

## Timing of Confirmatory Trials

- Accelerated approval may impact accrual to  confirmatory trials
- Early design and integration allows further questions to be formulated and answered in confirmatory trials

## Timing of Confirmatory Trials

- Discussions prior to initiation and during the trial
-  to ensure adequate accrual
- to discuss alternative design
- Special protocol assessments
- Clear understanding of “due diligence” with periodic review of timeline

## Study Population

- Refractory setting: unique mechanism?
- Confirmatory trials in a less refractory population than initial accelerated approval
- Moves the drug to first-line and adjuvant trials
- Assists in accrual after accelerated approval
- Clinical benefit in approved indication?

## Refractory Patient Population

- May miss potentially active drug
- Progressively more refractory indications
- Difficulty in characterizing toxic effects

## Trial Designs

- Single-arm trials--faster trial completion
- Randomized trials allow
- Additional endpoints
-  Completion of clinical benefit in same study
-  Comparative toxicity

## Trial Designs--Randomized trials

- Novel cytostatic agents
- “Add on” trials
- Limitations
- Time
- Expense

## Accelerated Approval: HIV Trials

- Two large randomized trials for AA
- HIV-RNA at 24 weeks (surrogate)
- HIV-RNA in same population, same study at 48 weeks (confirmatory evidence of clinical benefit)
- Implications for oncology trial designs

## Goals

- Constructive dialogue--designing,   completing confirmatory trials
- Proactive in assessing study design, endpoints, accrual problems, due diligence
- Confirmatory trials: an integral part of an AA plan
- Recurring public meetings
# Presentation: 404446

## PREVENTING FIRES AT HOME

**For more information, contact Gary Piermattei, x 6370**

- Protect your home from fires

**Clear tree limbs that are too close to your chimney & roof**
**Remove overgrown, dry or dead plants **
**Remove tinder-dry needles & leaves on your roof & rain gutters**

**Notes:**
Specifically, Managers, supervisors and PIs have some key duties.  In a few moments you will work in pairs to discuss how you comply or conduct these:

Review and update employee Job Hazard Questionnaire (JHQ) when scope of work changes and annually.  This is 
Conduct On Job Training (OJT) and maintain documentation of it. 
   The reference manual contains a template that can be used as a form of OJT Documentation 
Conduct Workspace Inspections Quarterly:
Use the Walkaround Inspection Guide pamphlets
Comment on good work practices (behaviors)
Enter deficiencies
Observe work processes and make improvements where feasible
Ensure your employees have the correct PPE.
Review formal Authorizations (AHDs, etc.) annually.
Update the HEAR database annually.
Exercise Stop Work Authority when necessary.
Be familiar with the Lab’s incident reporting system. (ORPS, SAAR, Compensation,etc...)
Report all incidents and near misses

Turn to your neighbor and take the next 5 minutes to review what you think each task entails and/or how you conduct the following.
# Presentation: 581315

## Solenoids for MuCOOL	

- J.R. Miller, S. Prestemon, Y.M. Eyssa
- MuTAC Meeting, BNL
- 15-16 June 2000

## What do we need to know?

**The overall project manager wants to know the costs.**
**The design parameter that is most useful for helping to sort out these issues is the winding-pack current density *****J******pack*****.**
**It also helps to know the composition consistent with *****J******pack*****.**

**What do we need to know?**

## Bent solenoid with dipole

**B****max**** ≈ 3 T**
**R****inner**** ≈ 150 mm**

**For the solenoid:**

## Alternating-Field Channel

**Absorber region:**

**Bucking coils:**

**B****max**** ≈ 16.6 T**
**R****inner**** ≈ 100 mm**

**B****max**** ≈ 9.6 T**
**R****inner**** ≈ 230 mm**

## Target Solenoid, -Factory

**For the High-Field Superconducting Coil:**

**B****max**** ≈ 9 T**
**R****inner**** ≈ 500 mm**
**Q’’’****rad**** ~ 0.4 mW/kg**

## Technologies for superconducting windings

- Impregnated windings
- Ventilated windings
- Cryostable
- Metastable
- Cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC)

## Impregnated windings

**Maximum J****pack**
**Extremely limited stability (based on avoidance of perturbations)**
**Rapid discharge by spreading quench**

**Proposed NHMFL 1GHz NMR**
**(25T)**

**NHMFL 900 MHz**
**NMR Spectrometer Magnet**

**B****max****  ≈ 21 T**
**E****stored**** ≈ 40 MJ**
**35 < J****pack**** < 145 A/mm****2**

## Ventilated windings (metastable)

**EBT-P coils***
**B****max**** ≈ 7.5 T**
**J****pack**** ≈ 100 A/mm****2**
**E****stored**** ≈ 1.5 MJ**

*** J.K. Ballou et al., Proc. 9th Eng. Prob. Fusion Research, p. 543, 1981**

**Moderate stability and heat removal**
**Quantitative prediction difficult**

**    **

** **

## CICC windings

**NHMFL 45T Hybrid**
**B****max**** ≈ 16 T**
**J****pack**** ≈ 40 A/mm****2**
**E****stored**** ≈ 100 MJ**

**High, predictable stability and heat removal**
**Large conductors, applicable only to relatively large magnets**

## The essential magnet technologies appropriate to solenoid magnet systems are well understood.

**Issues for ********-factory solenoid design are not primarily feasibility issues.**
**There are several issues important for reduction of cost and risk.**
**Our approach both roots out these issues and helps prioritize them quantitatively.**

## Attainable winding-pack current density

## Superconductor cross-section

## Copper cross-section for protection

**Calculated with RRR = 100, Cu/NbTi = 70/30, ***B*** = 5 T, & *****t**delay*** = 0.5 s**

## Structure cross-section

## Helium and insulation cross-sections

## Estimates of attainable current-densities and costs

## Summary

- We understand the requirements for the various solenoid systems in the -factory environment.
- With very few exceptions, these systems are clearly feasible with existing technologies.
- R&D will be very useful for properly defining both the costs and risks and reducing these to acceptable levels.
# Presentation: 729650

## Slide 1

## AN INITIATIVE BEGUN OVER TWO YEARS AGO TO CONSOLIDATE

**SAFEGUARDS AND SECURITY DIRECTIVES **
**INTO ONE ORDER AND SEVEN MANUALS**

**          ****O 470S.1 S&S Program**
**          ****M 470S.1 S&S Program Planning & Management**
-           **M 470S.2 Physical** **Protection **
**          ****M 470S.3 Protective Force**
**          ****M 470S.4 Information Security**
**          ****M 470S.5 Personnel Security**
**          ****M 470S.6 Nuc. Material Control & Accountability**
**          ****M 470S.7 S&S Program References**
**               **

**    ****NEW DIRECTIVES**

##      P 470.1 Integrated S&S Management

**     ****P 470.1 Integrated S&S Management**
**     ****O 470.3 Design Basis Threat Policy **
**     ****G 473.2-1 Guide for Establishment of ****	****a  Contingency Protective Force**
**     ****Instructions in the form of a guide, ****	****such as CPCI User Guide**

**SURVIVING DIRECTIVES**

##    All other S&S Orders

**   ****All S&S Manuals, including classified**
**   ****All S&S Notices**
**   ****All other S&S guides **
**   ****All S&S policy memoranda**

**                     ****CANCELED DIRECTIVES**

##   Draft Directives sent to DPCs

**  ****DPC comments resolved**
**  ****Redline/strikeout based on comment resolutions ****	****sent to DPCs**
**  ****Receipt and resolution of comments based on R/S ****	****in progress**
**  ****Technical edit upon resolution of comments**
**  ****Publication upon completion of edit**
** **

**STATUS**

##     Initial Suggested Comments – 1018

**    ****Initial Major Comments – 1911**
**    ****Most comments on a directive – 549 on M 470S-1**
**    ****Redline/Strikeout Comments – still being received**
**    ****Longest directive –  418 pages for M 470S-1**
**    ****Shortest directive -  18 pages for O 470S**

**STATISTICS**

##              Questions?
# Presentation: 671574

## Neutrinos and Supernova Nucleosynthesis: Importance for Astronomy and Cosmochemistry

- Bradley S. Meyer
*Clemson University*

## Standard Picture

- 92,94Mo: p process
- 95Mo: r, s processes
- 96Mo: s process
- 97,98Mo: s, r processes
- 100Mo: r process

## Motivation to Restudy 92,94Mo synthesis

- Yin et al. (2000) find 92Nb/93Nb = 1 x 10-3 in the early solar system
- Requires a high production ratio (such as seen in neutrino-driven wind scenarios) to account for such a high amount of 92Nb (halflife = 52 Myr)

## Slide 4

## Slide 5

## Slide 6

## Slide 7

## Neutrino Capture on All Species

| Species | Overproduction |
| --- | --- |
| 94Mo | 2.9 x 106 |
| 92Mo | 2.1 x 106 |
| 74Se | 1.9 x 106 |
| 84Sr | 1.8 x 106 |
| 97Mo | 1.7 x 106 |

## Slide 9

## Capture on Z < 40

| Species | Overproduction |
| --- | --- |
| 74Se | 1.8 x 106 |
| 84Sr | 1.7 x 106 |
| 90Zr | 1.4 x 106 |
| 91Zr | 9.6 x 105 |
| 97Mo | 7.8 x 105 |

## Slide 11

## Implications for Extinct Radioactivities

- P(92Nb)/P(93Nb) = 0.92
- N(92Nb)/N(93Nb) = 2.6 x 10-2 (to be compared to 1 x 10-3), which suggests the need for a decay interval

## Conclusions (I)

- Neutrinos can influence explosive supernova nucleosynthesis:
- Change Ye during equilibrium phases
- More directly change abundances during freezeout phases either by spallation or by making what are normally beta stable nuclei unstable
- Particular neutrino-nucleus interactions may prove to be “gateways” and their cross sections may thus be particularly interesting for experimental study.

## Conclusions (II)

- The yields of special isotopes may be dependent on the flux of supernova neutrinos during nucleosynthesis
- Light p-isotopes may be explained by this flux which in turn may provide constraints on supernovae=>importance for astronomy
- Cosmochemically interesting isotopes like 92Nb may also be produced=>importance for cosmochemistry
# Presentation: 924388

## BER Long Term Measures

- As discussed at a previous BERAC meeting with Joel Parriott (OMB) and Bill Valdez (DOE/SC) BERAC is on the hook for evaluating BER’s interim progress toward achieving its long term performance goals.
***A written BERAC report is due to DOE/SC and OMB no later than early 2007 ***when the BER PART (Performance Assessment and Rating Tool) measures will next be updated.** **This evaluation will, in theory, impact FY08 budget decisions.
- These goals were revised based on BERAC input.
- BER has three long-term performance (and PART) goals for
- 	Life Sciences
- 	Climate Change Research
- 	Environmental Remediation Sciences

## BER Long Term Measures

**Life Sciences** – By 2015, characterize the multi protein complexes (or lack thereof) involving a scientifically significant fraction of a microbe’s proteins. Develop computational models to direct the use and design of microbial communities to clean up waste, sequester carbon, or produce hydrogen.
**Climate Change Research** – By 2015, deliver improved climate data and models for policy makers to determine safe levels of greenhouse gases. By 2013, reduce differences between observed temperature & model simulations at subcontinental scales using all available, validated data.
**Environmental Remediation** – By 2015, provide sufficient scientific understanding to allow a significant fraction of DOE sites to incorporate coupled biological, chemical and physical processes for decision making for environmental remediation.
**ASCR** - By 2015, demonstrate progress toward developing, through the Genomes to Life partnership with the Biological and Environmental Research program, the computational science capability to model a complete microbe and a simple microbial community.
***Expert Review every 3 years will rate progress as “Excellent”, “Good”, “Fair”, or “Poor”***

## The Process

**Understand the BER research program/portfolio**
- 	What process do you want to use to gain sufficient understanding?
- 	How do you want to organize yourselves to do this?
**Understand BER’s long term measures and annual measures (BERAC helped develop these together with BER and OMB)**
- 	Are these measures reasonable and representative of the research 	programs recognizing that the intent is not to capture everything?
- 	If these are not reasonable then what new measures should be used?
- 	If not, why not? Did we not provide the expected funding? Did the science 	change?
**Write report (due to Orbach by February 2007)**
- 	Evaluate BER progress toward long-term performance measures. This 	includes both actual progress and progress implied by the direction BER is 	going
- 	Use short and intermediate term milestones as a guide in assessing 	progress
- 	Specify ratings of excellent, good, fair, poor.

## Materials Provided

***Process Overview***
***Annual Performance Targets FY 2003 – 2012***
***Long Term Measures & Annual Measures***
***	******What does the measure (long term & annual) mean?***
***	******Why is it important?***
***	******Definitions of Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor (for long ******	******term)***
# Presentation: 244968

## Population and Housing Estimates for Census Blocks: The San Diego Experience

**Jeff Tayman**
**San Diego Association of Governments**

## Presentation Topics

**Describe the San Diego Estimation System**
**Study Comparing Two Sources of Address Data**
**Issues in Doing Block-Level Estimates**

## Geographic Boundary System

**Master Geographic Areas (MGRA)**
**Based on census blocks**
**Some blocks are split**
**Approximately 30,000 areas**

## Information Easily Accessible

**Standard Geographies**
**Cities**
**Zip Code Areas**
**Or Non-Standard**
**Radius from a Point**
**Buffer Area**
**User Defined Area**

## Methodology and Data

**Housing Unit Method **
**Top Down Approach**
**Official State Estimates**
**Local Housing Unit Permit Data**
**Assessors Parcel Data**
** ****Vacancy Rates, PPH and GQ Pop**

## Geographic Sequence

**	****	****	**

- Jurisdiction Estimates	State Estimates

- Census Tract Estimates	Local Housing Permits

- MGRA Estimates		Assessors Parcels

## MGRA Estimates

**Address-Level Data Sets**
**Assessors Parcel File**
**Group Quarters Facilities**
**Street Centerline and Address File**
**GIS Admatch Procedure**

## Admatch- Assign Activities to Spatial Locations

**2142 Diamond St.**
**1832 Grand Ave.**
**1532 Missouri Ave.**
** **
**1190 Emerald St.**

## Evaluation of Two Address-Level Administrative Records

**Utility Meter Hook-ups**
**Assessors Parcel Data**
**Test Period 1990-1996**
**Jurisdictions and Census Tracts**
**Use Local Permits as Standard**

## Error in 1996 Housing StockJurisdictions

## Error in 1996 Housing StockCensus Tracts

## Error of the 1990-96 ChangeJurisdictions

## Error of the 1990-96 ChangeCensus Tracts

## Utility Hook-ups

**Need 1-to-1 Match with New Units**
**Replacement Meters a Problem**
**Master Meters Need Unit Count**
**No Accounting for Lost Units**
**Not Easy to Get**
**Deal with multiple companies**
**Deregulation**

## Assessors Parcels

**Units at Address for Apartments and Condominiums an Issue**
**Year Built Not Precise**
**Determining Lost Units Difficult**
**Less Problems with Multiple Agencies Serving a County**
**Relatively Easy to Get**
**Private Vendors**
**$1,300 per year**

## Maintaining an Up-to-Date GIS

**Address Files**
**Misspellings, Abbreviations, Omissions**
**PO Boxes**
**Street Centerline Files**
**Missing streets and address ranges**
**Keeping it current**
**Registration**

## Poorly Registered Street and Boundary Files

- 3rd Avenue

## Some Issues in Producing Very Small Area Estimates

**Data Management**
**Temporal Consistency**
**Boundary Changes**
**Vacancy Rates and PPH**
**Controlling**
**Accuracy**

## Population and Housing Estimates for Census Blocks: The San Diego Experience

**Jeff Tayman**
**San Diego Association of Governments**
# Presentation: 448061

## GFO Water Vapor RadiometerPerformance Assessment

- Chris Ruf
- University of Michigan
- _[cruf](mailto:cruf@umich.edu)__[@umich.edu](mailto:cruf@umich.edu)_, 734-765-6561 (v), 734-765-5137 (f)

*College of Engineering*
* **Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic & Space Sciences*

- GFO Cal/Val Meeting
- June 12th, 2001
- NOAA Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry
- Bldg. SSMC-3
- Silver Spring, MD 20910

## Summary of Methods of Evaluation

- Absolute Calibration of Brightness Temperatures
- Histogram analysis of coldest TBs
- Precision of TBs
- Statistical analysis (Allan Variance) of TBs
- Precision of Wet Tropospheric Path Delay Correction
- Statistical analysis (Allan Variance) of PDs

- Ruf, GFO Cal/Val, WVR

- 12 June 2001

## Absolute Calibration of Brightness Temperatures (pg 1 of 3)

- Minimum TB is predictable from first principles given residual atmospheric water vapor burden
- Residual Water Vapor Burden derived from SST at which the TB is a  minimum

- Ruf, GFO Cal/Val, WVR

- 12 June 2001

## Absolute Calibration of Brightness Temperatures (pg 2 of 3)

- Minimum TB at GFO-WVR frequencies predicted by model
- at 22.2 GHz: TBmin = 136.4 K @ SST = 16.5 C
- at 37.0 GHz: TBmin = 152.7 K @ SST = 25.6 C
- Perform histogram analysis of TBs extracted from Operational NDGR Data Products
- Compute cumulative density function of TBs near minimum & extrapolate to point of 0% occurrence
- Results: TBmin = 136.9K @ 22.2 GHz, 152.6K @ 37 GHz
- Averaged over cycles 0-9

- Ruf, GFO Cal/Val, WVR

- 12 June 2001

## Absolute Calibration of Brightness Temperatures (pg 3 of 3)

- Ruf, GFO Cal/Val, WVR

- 12 June 2001

## Precision of Brightness Temperatures

- Estimate the standard deviation of individual TB samples extracted from the Operational NGDRs
- Select time-series of triplets of TBs
- Compute unbiased estimate of their standard deviation
- This estimate of the statistic is very noisy given an individual triplet
- Average many estimates of standard deviation
- Results: NEDT = 0.202 K @ 22.2 GHz, 0.129 K @ 37.0 GHz
- Averaged over cycles 0-9
- Consistent with pre-launch sensor performance

- Ruf, GFO Cal/Val, WVR

- 12 June 2001

## Precision of Wet Tropospheric Path Delay Correction (PD)

- Estimate the standard deviation of individual PD samples extracted from the Operational NGDRs
- Use identical statistical analysis tool as for TB precision
- Results: White Noise Standard Deviation of PD samples = 0.136 cm
- Averaged over cycles 0-9
- Compare to contractual performance requirement of <= 0.15 cm

- Ruf, GFO Cal/Val, WVR

- 12 June 2001

## Time History of GFO-WVR White Noise Standard Deviations

- Ruf, GFO Cal/Val, WVR

- 12 June 2001

## Ground Truth Comparisons with Island-launched Radiosondes

- Earlier comparison leveraged off of TOPEX comparison study
- Operational phase comparisons pending start up of Jason-1 comparison study (probable Summer’01-Fall’01 start)

- GFO-WVR v. RaOb Comparison
- 13 May – 21 June 1998, N=263

- Ruf, GFO Cal/Val, WVR

- 12 June 2001
# Presentation: 214062

## The Space Science Suitcase – simple instruments for exploring near-Earth space from the classroom

- Kjartan Olafsson
- Department of Physics and Technology
- University of Bergen, Norway

## Why assembling an instrument package for use in schools?

- Traditionally, experimental experience in upper secondary school is mainly restricted to simple laboratory exercises under controlled conditions, frequently with a known correct answer.
- Observations of uncontrollable natural phenomena are traditionally left to academic scientists and researchers, but in “**The knowledge promotion**”, the latest reform in the 10-year compulsory school and in upper secondary education, a considerable emphasis is put on “the student as a scientist”.

## From the science curriculum for first year in Secondary Education Act: “The aims for the education are that the pupil shall be able to

*describe how the northern lights arise, and how Norway has been and is an important country for research in this field*
*explain the importance of the ozone layer with respect to solar irradiation of the earth*
*explain what the greenhouse effect is and elaborate on and analyse how human activities are altering the energy balance of the atmosphere*
*elaborate on some possible consequences of the increased greenhouse effect, including in Arctic areas, and the measures that are being initiated internationally to reduce the increase in the greenhouse effect*
*carry out experiments with radioactivity, half-life and background radiation and explain these phenomena *
*describe characteristics of different types of ionising radiation and explain how these are used for technical and medical applications*
*explain how electromagnetic radiation from space may be interpreted and provide information about space”*

## The contents of the suitcase: Robust and user friendly commercially available instruments  

- A simple solar telescope (Sunspotter) for white light for observing sunspots, and a narrow-filter telescope for the H-α line (656.3 nm) for observing solar prominences etc.
- A tri-axial magnetometer for monitoring ionospheric currents.
- A simple hand held fixed slit spectroscope and a hand held spectroscope with ajustable slit (max resolution 2 nm).
- A Geiger counter for monitoring background radiation/cosmic radiation.
- A commercial SLR digital camera (Canon EOS 400D) with a fisheye lens for photographing the aurora.
- A GPS for monitoring fluctuations in the inferred coordinates at a fixed position.
- A laptop for controlling the camera and the magnetometer, and collecting the pictures and measurements from the instruments.
-  Eventually, other instruments for atmospheric monitoring.

## Slide 5

## What do we want to attain?

- Bring excitement about space phenomena to the classroom.
- Promote scientific literacy.
- Recruit more students to university studies in the physical sciences in general and space physics in particular.

## In use
# Presentation: 757935

## LESWG Activities

***Ed Grayzeck, Co-Chair LESWG***
***Head, Solar System Exploration Data Services Office***
***Program Manager, PDS***
***October, 2008***

## Charter: Lunar Focus Groups

## Topics for the LFGs

## Next Step: LESWG

**LESWG next steps ...**
**Goals: share information thru LFGs**
**Audience: any one interested in lunar**
**Promote opportunity, e.g., Lunar Advanced Science and Exploration Research deadline**
**     ****Nov 7, 2008**
**Planned LESWGs: Nov 13th, Mike Collier (673) and Paul Lowman (698) give talks, next ...**
**     **
# Presentation: 488587

## In summary....

## To be covered

- Final
- Summation
- Arlington Road

## MAY 5th, 1:30 to 3:30 PM

- In our classroom, Matthews 311

## Intent of the course

- Basic information on emergency management
- Foster skepticism
- Disaster myths/exaggerations
- (panic flight, looting, sensationalism, etc.)
- The reason we believe disaster myths
- Provide information on how to approach media
- Understand why media presents information in the manner it does
- Symbolic Interactionism: respond to the images shown

## Intent of Course

- Information on how to respond WITH media
- How media work
- Types of Media
- Local, Regional, etc. also Television, Radio, Print media
- Information on how to respond to inquiry (pooling, providing clear understandable information)
- Useful functions of media response
- Likely problems of the media (misinformation, over-response)

## Intent of Course

- Understand the human response to disasters
- Use of humor, transferring of knowledge
- How disaster film perpetuates misinformation
- How to properly enjoy disaster film
- Understanding the limitations of reality in disaster film
- Hollywood disaster myths (High Impact Events, Death)

## Intent of Course

- The Sociology of the whole thing
- Why media presents the way it does?!
- (Audience, Owners, etc)
- Influences
- Internal
- Management and Organization, Gatekeeping
- Environmental (External)
- US has wealthy private system, 1st Amendment
- What is news?
- High Impact, Known Principle, Timeliness

## So, then....

- As in-service or future employees
- Realize that what you say will be interpreted and reported on
- You’re making news
- Be a professional
- Understand the intent of course...

## Arlington Road
# Presentation: 680707

## Gd5GaxGe4x: T-dependent XRD

**   ****O(II)****     **

**  ****O(I)  **

**T1-T1**

**Gd****5****Ge****4**
**(31 e********)**

**Gd****5****Ga****2****Ge****2**
**(29 e********)**

**Gd****5****Ga****0.5****Ge****3.5**

- T > 165 K
- O(II)-type
- Paramagnetic

**3.41 Å**

- 148 K < T < 165 K
- M-type

- T < 148 K
- O(I)-type
- Ferromagnetic

**3.18 Å**

**2.72 Å**

**2.69 Å**

**Gd****5****GaGe****3**

**2.95 Å**

**2.63 Å**

- T < 500 K
- “O(II)”-type
- Paramagnetic

- 500 K < T < 575 K
- O(I)-type
- Paramagnetic
# Presentation: 477348

## Myles SibleyHer Majesty’s Railway Inspectorate(HMRI)

## DATA RECORDERS ON TRAINS

- An overview

- Health & Safety Executive
- HM Railway Inspectorate

## HMRI

- Enforcing authority for
- regulation of health and safety
- on railways of Great Britain

- Health & Safety Executive
- HM Railway Inspectorate

## Health & Safety Executive

- HM Railway Inspectorate

## Requirement to fit (1)

- Industry practice since late 1980’s - fault finding and assist maintenance
- HSE guidance - should fit
- Railtrack + London Underground - mandatory

- Health & Safety Executive
- HM Railway Inspectorate

## Requirement to fit (2)

- HSE guidance - should fit
- minimum provision of data :
- speed
- direction of travel
- location (if available)
- power controller
- brake controller
- Automatic Warning System (AWS)
- Automatic Train Protection (ATP)
- Drivers Safety Device (DSD)
- Vigilance

- Health & Safety Executive
- HM Railway Inspectorate

## Requirement to fit (3)

- Railtrack - mandatory
- provision of data includes:
- operation of warning horn
- door controls
- Driver Reminder Appliance (DRA)
- Train Protection Warning System (TPWS)

- Health & Safety Executive
- HM Railway Inspectorate

## Requirement to fit (4)

- London Underground - mandatory
- provision of data includes:
- operation of round train circuit
- Passenger Emergency Appliance (PEA)
- distance traveled
- warning horn

- Health & Safety Executive
- HM Railway Inspectorate

## Further Benefits

- Train performance information
- 	(but beware of drawbacks)
- Train driver performance and monitoring
- Identify training needs

- Health & Safety Executive
- HM Railway Inspectorate

## Incidents

- Watford, August 1996
- Paddington, November 1995
- Heathrow Express, January 1998

- Health & Safety Executive
- HM Railway Inspectorate

## Greater Benefits

- Underlying causes of SPADs
- Open approach = more willing acceptance
- Better training = better performance

- Health & Safety Executive
- HM Railway Inspectorate

## Prevention better than cure

- SAFER RAILWAY

- Health & Safety Executive
- HM Railway Inspectorate
# Presentation: 318486

## Continental Micronesia

**Micronesia  LAAS Proposal**
**Captain Ralph Freeman**
**Director, Flight Operations**

## Background

**Industry preference of LAAS vs. WAAS**
**Proven development but not yet FAA certified **
**NG fleet preconfigured with MMRs**
**Phase I first, then PT1 (CAT II and III)**
**Need for a launch air carrier**
**Micronesia location studied**
**CMI stepped up to the plate**

## Micronesia Area

## Guam, USA

## Summary of CMI Situation

**Need for lower minimums into islands**
**Safety – alignment of final approach**
**Economics of providing essential air service**
**Isolated CMI fleet of nine B737-824s**
**Priority: Guam International Airport, GUM **
**Chuuk Island, TKK **
**Pohnpei,  PNI **

## Industry Partners

**Honeywell GBAS**
**Rockwell-Collins MMR**
**Boeing NG GLS**

## Slide 7

## Slide 8

## Slide 9

## Slide 10

## Slide 11

## Benefits to launching LAAS in Guam and Micronesia 

**Guam Airport  - an international leader in application of GBAS technology **
**40+ flights per day of data provides rapid proof of mitigation procedures and equipment reliability**
**Enhanced reliability in Typhoon conditions**
**Quickest way to prove CAT I IMC autoland and gain certification**

## Questions and Discussion

**CMI Points of Contact:**
**Captain Ralph Freeman**
**Director of Flight Operations  **
_**[ralph.freeman@coair.com](mailto:ralph.freeman@coair.com)**_
**671-645-8881**
**Captain Dion Johnson**
**Manager, Flight Standards**
_**[djohns04@coair.com](mailto:djohns04@coair.com)**_
**281-553-6960**

**CAL Points of Contact:**
**Captain Bill Vaughn**
**Technical Pilot  **
_**[bill.vaughn@coair.com](mailto:bill.vaughn@coair.com)**_
**281-553-6530**
**Captain John Anderson**
**Technical Pilot **
_**jander03@coair.com**_
**281-553-6104**

## Slide 14

## Slide 15
# Presentation: 516994

## Materials World Network: Molecular Engineering of Polymers for Processing Performance and PropertiesDonald G. Baird, Virginia Tech, DMR 0602196

**Goal**: Design polymer molecules for processing performance by incorporating controlled long chain branching(LCB).
-  **Approach**: 1) Use molecular theory for branched polymers coupled with shear and uniaxial extensional measurements to char- acterize well-controlled commercial HDPE samples; 2)  Synthesize model branched polystyrenes with known branching architectures to match the rheology of the HDPE systems; 3) Carry out film casting studies on the well defined HDPE materials to determine performance as a function of
- molecular structure.

| M9 Differential Pom-Pom Equation Parameters |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| τbi | gi | qi | τbi/τsi |
| 0.01 | 2.56 x 105 | 1 | 10 |
| 0.1 | 2.84 x 104 | 1 | 10 |
| 1 | 5.37 x 103 | 1 | 10 |
| 10 | 1.09 x 103 | 7 | 5 |
| 100 | 2.85 x 102 | 13 | 2.5 |

- Table:  Differential pom-pom equation parameters for the HDPE sample showing branching distribution.

- Figure .  Fit of molecular theory to extensional viscosity as a function of time for a branched HDPE sample at extension rates of 0.1 s-1 and 1 s-1

- Model Pom-Pom Structure

## Materials World Network: Molecular Engineering of Polymers for Processing Performance and Properties Donald G. Baird, Virginia Tech, DMR 0602196

**Education**: One PhD(Chris McGrady) and one undergraduate student (G. Hughes) and one post-doctoral(Xiang Yu) are supported by this grant. An industrial grant provides support for another PhD student(C. Seay).
**Collaborative Efforts**: This is a collaborative effort between two U.S. and five U.K. universities. Exchanges of students between the universities are occurring on a regular basis
**Outreach: **knowledge developed in this program is being incorporated into a short course

-      given to companies.  Six presen- tations including two invited ones have been given at technical meetings over the last 12 months involving this work.

- Film casting studies  carried out with the help of a REU summer student, M. Parker, Univ. Colorado
# Presentation: 028582

## Weekly report

- Delivered: 12.00 pb-1
- Recorded: 9.73 pb-1 (81%)

## Issues

-  **June 01** – **Phase adjustment between 53 MHz and 7.6 MHz clocks led to ~12 hour downtime**
*Adjustment took 2 minutes*
- Master clock fan-out card partly pulled from socket during repair, causing Routing Master crate to misbehave
- Diagnostic tools inaccessible due to clued0 problems
- Expert needed to drive in from Michigan
** ****June 04** – **Hot PDT FE board needed to be disabled at start of run -- ~45 minute downtime**

## Various

- New policy instituted for ramping down muon, SMT, FPD HV during in-store tuning, rescraping
- HV will only be ramped down if full rescrape occurs
- Normal running during tuning, moving of single collimators, etc.
- Many D0 personal at collaboration in Fresno this week!
# Presentation: 404128

## 2008 and Beyond

**Carol Moylan**
- Chief, National Income and Wealth Division
*National Economic Accounts Data Users’ Conference*
*Washington, DC*
- April 13, 2007

## Comprehensive Revisionsof the NIPAs

- BEA prepares annual revisions of the NIPAs each July and comprehensive revisions every four to five years based on the release of the benchmark I-O table.
- Revisions provide opportunity to make improvements to accounts as outlined in BEA’s strategic plan.
- Next comprehensive revision will be released in October 2008.

## Why have Comprehensive Revisions?

- To incorporate benchmark I-O accounts
- To keep up with a dynamic economy
- To address data gaps and other shortcomings
- To make the full time series consistent
- To improve consistency and integration with other accounts
- To improve consistency with international guidelines

## Problem with Past Comprehensive Revisions

- Past comprehensive revisions:
- Placed huge workload and stress on NEA staff:
- More than 100 proposals were submitted for the 2003 revision;
- Pressure to submit proposals because the next opportunity to make a needed change wouldn’t occur for another 4 or 5 years.
- Place a large burden on users:
- Several large changes to absorb at once.
- Customers have been frustrated by the delays in release of tables in recent comprehensive revisions.

## Future Comprehensive Revisions

- Will continue to:
- Incorporate latest benchmark I-O table.
- Update the reference year for index numbers.
- Address data gaps and improve consistency with other accounts.
- Will provide option that definitional or major methodological changes may be implemented in a future annual revision.

## Major Improvements for 2008

- Changes in definitions and classifications -- new treatment of disasters.
- Changes in presentation (tables) -- new PCE classification.
- Changes in source data and statistical methods -- misreporting of income.

## Beyond 2008: Flexible Annual Revisions

- Because of improvements in database technologies, number of years open to revision no longer the problem for users that it was previously.
- Allow major changes to be introduced without waiting for comprehensive revisions.
- BEA will focus on limited major changes in any given annual revision.

## Flexible Annual Revisions (continued)

- Better integration with Annual I-O and GDP by Industry estimates.
- Priority will be given to proposals that are complete and ready for implementation.
- Limited number of changes improves dependability and delivery of revised tables.
# Presentation: 846227

## Technology Center 2100 and the managers of workgroup 2160 (business methods) sincerely thank the following individuals and organizations for volunteering their time to provide training to the business methods examiners in fiscal year 2001: 

The NASDAQ stock exchange
The Securities Industry Association
The American Bankers Association
BITS
Lincoln Reinsurance and Lincoln National Life Insurance
The American Council of Life Insurance
NACHA
Ric Edelman of Edelman Financial Services
Cheryl Horowitz of Thompson Financial Municipals Group
Tom Van Horn of Mercata
Irah Donner of Hale and Dorr
Tom Ewing of Cooley Godward
Larry Kass of Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy

By working with our partnership organizations and interests, we can continue to provide education and communication on patent issues related to business methods. 
                                                                                   next slide

- The NASDAQ stock exchange
- The Securities Industry Association
- The American Bankers Association
- BITS
- Lincoln Reinsurance and Lincoln National Life Insurance
- The American Council of Life Insurance
- NACHA
- Ric Edelman of Edelman Financial Services
- Cheryl Horowitz of Thompson Financial Municipals Group
- Tom Van Horn of Mercata
- Irah Donner of Hale and Dorr
- Tom Ewing of Cooley Godward
- Larry Kass of Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy
**By working with our partnership organizations and interests, we can continue to provide education and communication on patent issues related to business methods. **
**                                                                                   ***next slide*

## Technology Center 2100 is currently seeking additional training for their Business Method examiners in the following areas:

- 1. Smart cards (data only and with programming)
- 2. Payment schemes
- 3. Market analysis
- 4. Basic network security
- 5. Insurance
- 6. e-shopping
- 7. Point of sale, inventory, accounting
- 8. Business cryptography i.e. usage protection of distributed files or programs, copy protection and licensing agreements across the Internet.
- 9. Coupons and electronic incentive programs
- 10. Applications of wireless technology to e-commerce.
- 11. Operations research (workflow, resource allocation and scheduling for admin functions)
- 12. Health care management (record management   ICDA billing)
- 13. Reservation systems

- If you or your organization can provide training on any of the above categories, please contact Wynn Coggins by telephone at (703)308-1344, by facsimile at (703) 305-3719, or by electronic mail at wynn.coggins@uspto.gov
# Presentation: 689986

## Item  No.  C - 2

- Sabine Pass LNG, L.P.
- 	Docket No. CP04-47-000
- Cheniere Sabine Pass Pipeline Company                             Docket Nos.  CP04-38-000 , CP04-38-001                                                                                                                CP04-39-000  and  CP04-40-000

## Sabine  Pass  LNG

## Material on this page is consider Non-Internet Public (NIP)

- You would like a copy of this slide, please contact:
- Public Reference RoomTelephone: 202-502-8371Toll-free 1-866-208-3676Email: _[public.referenceroom@ferc.gov](mailto:public.referenceroom@ferc.gov)_

## Material on this page is consider Non-Internet Public (NIP)

- You would like a copy of this slide, please contact:
- Public Reference RoomTelephone: 202-502-8371Toll-free 1-866-208-3676Email: _[public.referenceroom@ferc.gov](mailto:public.referenceroom@ferc.gov)_

## Gulf Coast LNG Projects

**TX**

**LA**

**MS**

**AL**

**Pending Certificate Proceeding**

**Recently Certificated**

**Pre-Filing Process**
# Presentation: 804055

## Argos : the situation

- NOAA 			NOAA 12, 14, 15, 16,
- 			 		17, N, N’, NPOESS
- NASDA			ADEOS 2
- EUMETSAT 	METOP 1, 2, 3
- INPE			under discussion

**The multilateral international cooperation is developing**

**Argos : the situation**

## Satellite Transition Schedule

- 1

- 1

**(A3)**

## Average growth > 12% per year

_**Number of active platforms in the system (May 03)**_

**Average growth ****> 12% per year**

## Number of active platforms in each segment 

**Science   (68%)**

**Fishing (25%)**

**Sensitive use (7%)**

_**Number of active platforms in each segment **_

## Science: studying the environment

**Ocean Measurement  ****	****33%**
**Animal Tracking       ****	****25%**
**Data Collection only   ****	****  6%**
**MBM, SMM ...          ****	****  3%**
**Miscellaneous             ****	****  3%**

_**Science: studying the environment**_

## Science: studying the environment

_**Science: studying the environment**_

**The reference for the large international scientific programs**
**Perfectly adapted with its unique capabilities**

## Protecting marine resources

_**Protecting marine resources**_

- ArgoNet : a worldwide reference for VMS

## Sensitive use

**Humanitarian****	****	****2,2%**
**Homeland security****	****	****2,1 %**
**Law enforcement****	****	****1,7 %**
**Loss of life****	****	****0,6 %**

**World Food Prg**

## Need for additional capacity (1)

## Need for additional capacity (2)

**Need for additional capacity (2)**

## Latency

## Transmitterslighter yes, but should also be cheaper

## Users’ needs

-  Reduce delays
-  Increase capacity
-  Improve accuracy
-  Reduce PTT power drain
-  Reduce costs

**Operator’s needs**

-  Increase instruments’ software control from ground segment
-  Increase bandwidth
-  Improve control on instruments maintenance
-  PTT frequency controlled through downlink

**Conclusions**
# Presentation: 393754

## Dining and Exercising In Space 

-  Published by: Ryan C., Timothy P.
-      		Alicia G.,   Geneva E.

## Introduction

- Our assignment is to develop a one day menu including breakfast, lunch, dinner and snack for an Astronaut in space. The daily caloric intake is 3457 calories, which is sufficient for a healthy diet. In order to promote good health and nutrition in space, an exercise regimen was also developed.

- Google.com

##       Breakfast Menu

- Apple juice (90 cal.)
- 2 Slices of cooked bacon (70 cal.)
- Plain Bagel (195 cal.)
- 2 tablespoons of cream cheese (200 cal.)
- 1 cup of orange juice (105 cal.)
- Fresh peach (37 cal.)
-  Total Calories for Breakfast = 697 cal.

- http://images.google.com

## Lunch Menu

- 1 Fried Chicken Breast ( 218 cal.)
-  12  oz. Soft drink, diet cola (2 cal.)
- 20 pieces of French fried potatoes (235 cal.)
- 2 cups of fresh iceberg lettuce (20 cal.)
- 1 medium fresh tomato (30 cal.)
- 4 tablespoons of Ranch dressing (300 cal.)
- Total calories for lunch menu = 805

## Dinner Menu

- 1 (12 oz.) can of Coca-Cola (150 cal.)
- 1 roasted chicken thigh (153 cal.)
- 1⁄2 cup of brown rice (120 cal.)
- 1⁄4 cup of gravy (164 cal.)
- 1 cup of cooked green beans (44 cal.)
- 2 cups of chopped pork, ham (738 cal.)
- Total calories for dinner = 1,209

## Snack Menu

-  1 pastry without icing (200 cal.)
- Milkshake 1cup (288 cal.)
- Total calories for snack = 488 cal.
- Overall caloric intake = 3472 calories

## Exercise

- On Earth, some people like to exercise more than others.Astronauts, on the other hand, have little choice. Scientists have discovered that astronauts suffered bone and muscle deterioration, because their bodies were not getting the resistance they were used to on Earth. Now, astronauts participate in an exercise program to help the effects of a near weightless environment. Doctors recommend fifteen minutes of exercise daily on seven-to-fourteen-day missions and thirty minutes of exercise daily on thirty-day missions. Exercising also helps astronauts readjust more quickly to Earth's gravity, when they return home.

- http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/astronauts/exercise.html

## Warm –Up (10 min.)

- Stretches
- Curl-Ups
- Arm Wraps

- Aerobics (20 min.)

- Power walking on the treadmill

- Cool Down (5 min)

- Stretching
- Walking slowly in place

## Thank You NASA

- Acknowledgments: Ms. Johnson, Ms. Morris, the Leadership Council, the Oxon Hill Family, Senator Gloria Lawlah, and our Principal, Dr. Boddie