# Presentation: 317906

## Module 12:

**Module 12:**

## Identify justifications for planning and implementing crowd control efforts at major special events.

Identify common protester tactics at major special events.

Identify legal issues related to managing demonstrations at major special events.

Identify crowd management and control tactics for major special events.

- Identify common protester tactics at major special events.
- Identify legal issues related to managing demonstrations at major special events.
- Identify crowd management and control tactics for major special events.

**Learning Objectives**

## Unlawful celebratory behavior (excessive drinking, starting fires, destroying property, etc.)  

Terrorist attacks

Protesters—disrupt event, obtain media and public attention for cause (e.g., PETA), embarrass the government and law enforcement, and damage property 

Natural disasters (e.g., fire, storm, etc.)

- Terrorist attacks
- Protesters—disrupt event, obtain media and public attention for cause (e.g., PETA), embarrass the government and law enforcement, and damage property
- Natural disasters (e.g., fire, storm, etc.)

**Threats to Security of Special Events**

## Discussion 

- Describe differences between “celebratory riots” at major special events and protester demonstrations.

## Question

- Who has had any experiences in planning and managing demonstrations at major special events?

## Planning and Managing for Demonstrations

**Overarching Objective:**

- Law enforcement must draw a balance between protecting the First Amendment and other civil rights of the lawful protesters while maintaining the safe and secure environment of the event.

## Exercise

- Make a list of all protester tactics that you can imagine might occur at major special events.

## Stealing security fencing and erecting it to block streets

Setting fires in the street

Chaining themselves to objects (e.g., light poles)

Locking arms into “sleeping dragons”

Using rolling dumpsters as shields in the street

Trying to lock down intersections by lying in the street

Putting chains across the street—light pole to pole

Trying to disable police vehicles by flattening tires

- Setting fires in the street
- Chaining themselves to objects (e.g., light poles)
- Locking arms into “sleeping dragons”
- Using rolling dumpsters as shields in the street
- Trying to lock down intersections by lying in the street
- Putting chains across the street—light pole to pole
- Trying to disable police vehicles by flattening tires

**Common Protester Tactics**

## Throwing rocks, bottles, and other missiles at police

Using a mass of bicycles to block street traffic

Communicating with each other about police responses by using cell phones

Wearing gas masks, bandannas, and protective equipment to block effect of chemical irritants

Using a variety of “baiting” tactics including shouting insults, passive resistance, and videotaping officers

- Using a mass of bicycles to block street traffic
- Communicating with each other about police responses by using cell phones
- Wearing gas masks, bandannas, and protective equipment to block effect of chemical irritants
- Using a variety of “baiting” tactics including shouting insults, passive resistance, and videotaping officers

**Common Protester Tactics**
**(continued)**

## Legal support

Restricting access

Crowd management response

Community policing and demonstration management

Intelligence

Cooperation with private security

Multijurisdictional training

Mass arrest plan

- Restricting access
- Crowd management response
- Community policing and demonstration management
- Intelligence
- Cooperation with private security
- Multijurisdictional training
- Mass arrest plan

**Key Factors in Planning for Demonstrations**

## Involve police attorney/city-county attorney in planning process.

Negotiate with demonstration groups to obtain permits to march or assemble: (1) control and restrict access; (2) reduce size; (3) stress “rules of engagement.”

Observe arrest process—debrief officers and review charges.

- Negotiate with demonstration groups to obtain permits to march or assemble: (1) control and restrict access; (2) reduce size; (3) stress “rules of engagement.”
- Observe arrest process—debrief officers and review charges.

**Legal Support**

## “Protest zones” to keep demonstrators away from secure areas used by VIPs, political figures, etc.

Barriers to wall off the protestors—jersey barriers, buses, fences, etc.

First Amendment—protestors must be within “sight and sound” of the object of their “free speech”

Example—Boston Police Department’s “demonstrator pen” at Democratic National Convention 

- Barriers to wall off the protestors—jersey barriers, buses, fences, etc.
- First Amendment—protestors must be within “sight and sound” of the object of their “free speech”
- Example—Boston Police Department’s “demonstrator pen” at Democratic National Convention

**Restrict Access**

## Assess need for “special crowd management response units” (distinctive uniforms, riot gear)
Factors: Nature of event; extent of threats to event
Mobile field force units--small teams deployed in groups (different than SWAT teams)
Use of force—force continuum:  example—(a) officer presence, (b) physical force, (c) chemical force, (d) deadly force—other examples?
Rules of engagement defining use of force
Policies in writing—handed out before event
Training
Accountability—monitoring, reporting 

- Factors: Nature of event; extent of threats to event
- Mobile field force units--small teams deployed in groups (different than SWAT teams)
- Use of force—force continuum:  example—(a) officer presence, (b) physical force, (c) chemical force, (d) deadly force—other examples?
- Rules of engagement defining use of force
- Policies in writing—handed out before event
- Training
- Accountability—monitoring, reporting

**Crowd Management Response**

## Use agency’s community policing principles to help plan
for and manage demonstrations at events:
Show leadership.
Show respect.
Involve the groups in planning—if amenable.
Negotiate—if possible.
Make rules of engagement clear.
Make sure city and police are sending same/consistent message. 

- for and manage demonstrations at events:
- Show leadership.
- Show respect.
- Involve the groups in planning—if amenable.
- Negotiate—if possible.
- Make rules of engagement clear.
- Make sure city and police are sending same/consistent message.

**Community Policing and Demonstration Management**

## Intelligence information is essential in planning for demonstrations at special events
Proactive intelligence
Identify planned protestor tactics to disrupt the event
Estimate crowd size
Learn history of protesters’ actions at other events
Learn criminal histories of known individuals
Pre-event intelligence obtained by (a) monitoring protestors’ web sites, (b) interviewing leaders, and (c) media reports
Intelligence during the event: insert undercover intelligence officers into group meetings; close monitoring

- Proactive intelligence
- Identify planned protestor tactics to disrupt the event
- Estimate crowd size
- Learn history of protesters’ actions at other events
- Learn criminal histories of known individuals
- Pre-event intelligence obtained by (a) monitoring protestors’ web sites, (b) interviewing leaders, and (c) media reports
- Intelligence during the event: insert undercover intelligence officers into group meetings; close monitoring

**Intelligence**

## Private security is a potential resource for assisting law enforcement in dealing with demonstrators at special events 

Examples from participants

- Examples from participants

**Cooperation with Private Security**

## Need for joint training where there is typically a multijurisdictional response to demonstration control at special events

Examples include response to campus celebratory riots that may involve university police, city police/fire/EMS, state police (especially if state university), etc.

- Examples include response to campus celebratory riots that may involve university police, city police/fire/EMS, state police (especially if state university), etc.

**Multijurisdictional Training**

## Do we have adequate numbers of trained staff to make mass arrests in the field?

Have we distributed enough equipment (flex cuffs, etc.)?

Do we have adequate numbers of vehicles to transport the prisoners from the scene?

Do we have adequate space and staff at the processing/booking facility?

Do we have prosecutors or police attorneys at the booking facility to review charges with officers?

- Have we distributed enough equipment (flex cuffs, etc.)?
- Do we have adequate numbers of vehicles to transport the prisoners from the scene?
- Do we have adequate space and staff at the processing/booking facility?
- Do we have prosecutors or police attorneys at the booking facility to review charges with officers?

**Mass Arrest Plan—Checklist**

## Are temporary on-site detention facilities adequate, safe,
and clean?

If prisoners stay longer than a few hours, do we have adequate food, water/beverages, and restrooms?
Can we segregate prisoner types from each other—male/female, adult/juvenile, etc.?
Do we have facilities to decontaminate prisoners exposed to chemical agents?
Do we have adequate screening to take injured prisoners for medical care?  Handle prisoners with disabilities?
Can prisoners receive speedy court appearances and judicial review of charges?

- and clean?
- If prisoners stay longer than a few hours, do we have adequate food, water/beverages, and restrooms?
- Can we segregate prisoner types from each other—male/female, adult/juvenile, etc.?
- Do we have facilities to decontaminate prisoners exposed to chemical agents?
- Do we have adequate screening to take injured prisoners for medical care?  Handle prisoners with disabilities?
- Can prisoners receive speedy court appearances and judicial review of charges?

**Mass Arrest Plan—Checklist **
**(continued)**

## Conclusion

## Tabletop Exercise:

- Continuation of Module 1 Tabletop Exercise, “Pre-Planning for Major Events”

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