# Presentation: 023036

## World Trade CenterNew Employee Orientation

- Site Safety Structure
- Site Layout Map
- Site-wide Work Rules
- Contractor/Service-Specific Work Rules
- Specific Site Safety Issues & Controls
- Field Orientation

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
7:00 AM/PM  Instructor Introductions and Overview (labor & management instructors for construction)
1.  Each instructor should introduce themselves and indicate their affiliation.  	
2.  Pass around sign-in sheet and request that everyone sign or check that they are present.
3.  Refer to Slide 1. and point out the plan for the 3-hour orientation.

## Joint Safety & Health Activities

- Instructor Introductions
- Joint Safety & Health Committee
- Joint Site Inspections
- Working Together for a Safer Job

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
7:10-7:20 AM/PM  Joint Labor Management Safety Effort (Slides 2 and 3)
1. Point out that the NY City Building Trades Council, their union, the Building Trades Employers’ Association and their contractor were all working together to make this as safe a worksite as possible.  Working with Fire and Police, and responsible city agencies this can be made a model safety program.
2.  This joint training is an illustration of that ongoing effort.
  A joint safety committee has been formed to address construction safety issues (details on the following slide)
  A site safety committee involving DDC, various city, state and federal agencies, police, fire, prime contractors is to be established  to deal with non-construction and public safety and environmental issues.
  Joint site inspections will occur with union and contractor teams
5.  This is a joint effort and they should be active participants in identifying and controlling safety hazards on the site.  It is in everyone’s interest to see that this job moves forward as a national model of how effectively unionized construction can work together.  After the devastation of September 11, we all need to commit ourselves to completing this demanding project with no further deaths or serious injuries.  
6. Continued on Slide 3 with info on Joint Committee membership.

## Joint Labor/Management Environmental Safety and Health Committee

- Purpose: To advise on ES&H issues
- Membership:
- Tri-chairs: NYC BCTD, BTEA, NYC DDC
- Prime Contractor representatives – 4
- General Contractors Association – 1
- Site Union representatives – 6

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
7. Note that a joint safety and health committee has been established on the site to advise contractors and DDC on safety issues.  Refer to Slide 3. 
8. Discuss the kinds of issues that the committee might address:
	PPE use zones, air monitoring data, incidents, injuries, coordination of hazardous tasks, etc.
9. Identify specific contacts where workers should take safety issues or concerns that they would like to see brought up by the joint committee.
	Discuss concerns with your steward, the final process is being developed.

## WTC Site Map

- Badges & Security – Entry & Exit
- Traffic Lanes – 10 mph Maximum Speed!
- First Aid Stations
- Site Evacuation Routes
- PPE zones
- Eyewash & Showers

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
7:20 AM/PM  Site Map and Layout (Contractor instructor)

Materials:  Requires a large site map indicating key locations.

 Describe site security and badges required for access to various work areas.  Include what a worker should do if they lose their badges.
 Point out traffic lanes and vehicle access on the site map.
 Emphasize that 10 mph is the MAXIMUM speed, conditions permitting, on the site.
 Provide a general description of the demolition plans for the site and overall work process, and how these workers fit into the plan.
 Refer to Slide 4 and describe on the map the location of assembly area(s) for site evacuation, zones where PPE is required, first aid stations, etc.
 Describe sirens referring to handout from DDC with siren information at the bottom, and contractor’s evacuation plan.
 Emphasize that there is a requirement for shower and change to street clothes before leaving the site and point out showers.
 Point out where the NYC DDC Safety office is.  Contractors with safety issues, or questions about the site safety plan requirements should discuss them directly with DDC.  The site safety plan is available to workers or their representatives on request.
 Ask if there are any questions about where things are on the site.  If there are participants that have been on the site in the session, point out that these locations are changing continuously as the demolition and clean up progresses.

## Emergency Telephone Number

**212-747-9193**

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Point out that this emergency phone number is for fire, emergency medical, or any other emergency on the site.

## Contractor/Agency Zone Map

- Site Description & Project Expectations
- Location of written safety programs
- Compressed gas storage areas
- Subcontractor activities
- PPE use zones
- Fuel depot and equipment refueling

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
THIS SLIDE SHOULD BE DELETED FROM PROGRAMS TARGETING FIRE, POLICE, DDC, or workers with site-wide responsibilities.

Materials:  Large map of the zone where the contractor’s work will be performed.

 Describe in general terms ongoing work locations and primary project initiatives
 Point out location where workers can access written safety programs, and who they should contact if they have questions;
 HAZCOM & MSDSs
 Confined Space Entry Program
 Lock-Out/Tag-out Program
 134 Respirator Program
 Contractor Safety Program
 Point out to participants where compressed gas is stored
2.  Point out to participants areas where subcontractors may be working within the contractor’s zone, and define any operations which may present risks to all workers
 Point out any fuel depots or refueling station
 Point out specific PPE use zones or tasks requiring PPE.
4.  Point out first-aid station(s) and eyewashes/showers from the site-side map.
5.  Ask if there are any questions related to the location of services on the site.

## General Site Policies

- Site ES&H program
- Labor-Management Partnership for Safety
- Disciplinary Warning Policy for Safety
- Drug & Alcohol Policy
- Non-Discrimination Policy
- Roles of Firefighters, Police & Construction

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
7:30 – 7:45 AM/PM General Policies (for slides 7-18)
Refer to slide 7 and review the contractor’s or agencies general polices with students
 State that the site safety and health plan is available to anyone who wants to read it or get a copy at the DDC safety office.
 Describe the contractor or agency-specific disciplinary warning policy for safety
 Describe the contractor/agency’s policy related to drugs and alcohol
 Describe the contractor/agency’s policy on discrimination as it relates to safety and reporting of hazardous conditions
 Note that construction workers, firefighters, police, and other groups must all pull together as a team to move this project forward most effectively.  Describe general roles.
 Ask if there are any questions.

## Safety Rules

- Dust Control & Fire Suppression
- Traffic Rules
- 100% Fall Protection Above 6 feet
- 100% PPE Compliance on Site
- Injury & Incident Reporting
- Exit the site CLEAN
- Crime Scene Activities & Human Remains

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Note that this is a summary slide and more detailed follow-up slides follow for everything except the dust control & fire supression

Materials:  NYC DOH handout on personal hygiene

 Briefly Explain dust control plan from appendix B of site ES&H Plan.
 Briefly explain the fire suppression plan supplied by DDC
 Summarize PPE and fall protection safety rules which will be expanded upon on the following slides.
 Note that safety incidents must be reported (expanded on a later slide)
 All workers must exit the site CLEAN as described in the personal hygiene requirements as detailed in the NYC DOH handout.  This is to avoid carrying contaminants to your families and to surrounding areas.
 Summarize crime scene and human remains issues by reminding workers that this is still an active crime scene with police and FBI involved in collecting evidence, and that if any potential human remains are identified construction workers should STOP WORK and notify the firefighters who will take appropriate precautions in recovery of these remains.

## Traffic

- Project SPEED LIMIT 10 MPH !
- Stay clear of traffic lanes
- Stay clear of areas where you don’t belong
- Be alert for backup alarms and vehicles
- Watch for overhead debris& collapse hazards
- Use covered and marked walkways
- Do not walk under live loads

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Point out that transportation accidents make up a quarter (25%) of construction fatalities (2000 Bureau of Labor Statistics).
 Review Points on Slide 9
 Emphasize that the 10 mph limit is the MAXIMUM speed limit on site, where conditions permit.

## Mandatory Personal Protective Equipment at Ground Zero

- Respirators (in defined zones)
- Hard hats
- Safety glasses with side shields or goggles
- Long pants, long sleeve work shirts, and coveralls
- High Visibility Clothing/Reflective Vests
- Steel-toed, heavy duty work shoes

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
1. State the required safety equipment on the site as outlined in Slide 10.  These are required at all times.

## Respiratory Protection Requirements

- Debris Area or Where Debris is Moved
- Half-face respirator with combination P100 filter/acid gas/organic vapor cartridge
- Dusty areas within restricted zone/marina
- Half face respirator with HEPA filter (P100, N95 or equivalent)
- Other areas with dust or smoke
- Dust mask (P100 or N95 or equivalent)

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**

Review the specific zones where PPE is required.  
     Note that the debris area is a continuously changing area which is defined on various maps and by field barriers and markers on the site.  As of 11/9/01 the debris area is defined as the area enclosed on the East side of Buildings 4&5;  Liberty Street; and the Perimeter of the Vista Hotel, the slurry wall and Buildings 5 & 6 on the South.  Plus any activity where workers are actively disturbing the debris and making dust airborne.
 Note that P100, N95 or equivalent means that any of these can be used.
 Note that 95 series respirators are not HEPA Filters—100 series are the most protective.

## PPE Program

- Hazard assessment to determine need for PPE
- Medical Clearance for PPE Use
- PPE selection and fitting
- Training
- When PPE is needed
- What PPE is needed
- Use and limitations of PPE
- Care and maintenance of PPE

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
8:00-8:30 AM/PM General Safety Practices (slides 12-25)

PPE Program. Refer to slide 12 and note that contractors will look at each task and assess the hazard to determine the right PPE.  Their program will say how they select and fit the PPE, and they will provide additional training.  Additional requirements for PPE can be found in the Site ES&H Plan and OSHA Regulations 29 CFR 1910.132. 
 Note that medical clearance just means that the health care provider has determined that wearing the respirator won’t cause you health problems.  Usually this excludes workers with serious respiratory or heart conditions.
 Training is the key to using PPE properly.

## Reporting Incidents or Hazardous Conditions

- Report work-related injuries and illnesses,   imminent danger situations, or other incidents to your supervisor & steward
- New or expanding fires should be immediately reported to fire department
- EMERGENCY Phone:  **212-747-9193**

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Describe the incident and injury reporting systems including who to report them for a particular agency or contractor.
 Since fires are burning in some areas of the debris pile, reporting should focus on new or expanding fires or fire hazards.

## Reportable Incidents Involving Workers

- Work-related injuries or illnesses
- Exposures to hazardous substances above allowable exposure limits
- Electrical shocks or arc flashes
- Near misses

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Explain what is a reportable incident. 
Explain that a “near miss” is an unplanned event that has a reasonable probability of resulting in one of the outcomes described above had circumstances been different, and for which modifications to management programs could reduce the probability of occurrence or the severity of the outcome.
 Explain that they may not be able to determine absolutely that an exposure to a hazardous substance exceeds an allowable exposure limit.  However, if they believe in good faith that this is the case, the incident should be reported with careful description of the tasks and circumstances involved.  If dust is impairing visibility, then allowable exposure limits have almost certainly been exceeded.
Continue on slide 15.

## Reportable Incidents (Continued)

- Crane, rigging, or material handling accidents
- Property/vehicle/equipment damage
- Unplanned fires or explosions
- Spills or releases to the environment
- Unexpected contact or damage to utilities
- Discovery of unknown or potentially hazardous debris, containers or other materials

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
4. Review other types of reportable incidents
 Ask if there are any questions as to what is reportable
 Ask if they know who to report it to.  (Their supervisor) 

## Stop Work If ...

- You face unsafe conditions not previously addressed
- You face an imminent danger situation
- The scope of work changes from the safety briefing
- You find bodies or body parts
- You find unknown or potentially hazardous objects or materials

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Stop Work
NOTE:  Emphasize that if a worker stops work for any of these reasons, they must immediately notify their supervisor, or other individual defined by their employer!

 Note that workers should immediately stop work if faced with what in their judgment is an imminent danger or an unsafe condition that has not been previously addressed.
 Note the unique nature of this site and the need to be alert for body parts and treating them with appropriate respect, while also protecting themselves.  Note that handling bodies or body parts may cause exposure to blood borne diseases, this is why trained firefighters or medical examiners will deal with these situations and no construction workers should come into contact with body parts.
	If bodies or body parts are found:
Stop work in the area
Report findings to your supervisor

3.  If containers, tanks, or other potentially hazardous materials are observed in the demolition and removal of debris, work should be stopped until the hazard can be assessed.  Notify your supervisor immediately.

## WTC Ground Zero Hazards

- Safety hazards
- Chemical hazards
- Physical hazards
- Confined space hazards
- Biological hazards
- Other hazards

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
8:30 – 9:00 AM/PM Specific Hazards on the Site (slides 17-54)

This is a summary slide for specific hazards that are present on the WTC site.  More detailed slides follow.

Note that Instructors and Contractors should modify this section to identify those hazards identified in their hazard assessments for the workers involved in the training.

## Safety Hazards

- Falls from heights
- Collapses
- Struck by/against and caught in/between
- Fires and Burn Hazards

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
1. Falls from heights 
Structures, personnel lifts, scaffolds, ladders
2. Collapses 
Surface collapses, trench cave-ins
Aerial lift and crane collapses/tipovers
3. Struck by/against and caught in/between 
Heavy equipment
Sharp objects in debris
Falling debris from damaged buildings
4. Fires and Burn Hazards

## Fall Protection

- 100% fall protection when working more than 6 feet above a lower surface

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
1. 100% fall protection means always being protected from a fall.  This can be through the use of a guardrail system or wearing a harness and lanyard, and tying off whenever above 6 feet.  Guardrails are obviously preferable, where they are possible.

## Types of Fall Protection

- Guardrails
- Around excavations, holes, building edges, and wherever else possible.
- On aerial lifts, crane manbaskets, scaffolds
- Personal fall protection systems
- Fall arrest – stops falls
- Fall restraint – prevents falls

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
1. Emphasize that guardrails are always preferable to personal fall protection systems.

## Personal fall protection systems

**Harness**
**Lanyard**
**Vertical or horizontal lifeline**
**Adequate anchorage point**
**Always inspect before use**

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
A 6-foot lanyard is for fall arrest and a 2-foot lanyard for fall restraint in aerial lifts.
Shock-absorbing lanyards decrease the force on your body when your fall is stopped.
Body belts are allowed as restraint devices with 2-foot lanyard in aerial lifts but harnesses are safer.
Anchorage points must be strong enough to not break loose when your fall is stopped.

## Aerial Lifts/Crane Baskets

- Aerial lifts  (JLG, Genie, etc.)
- Must wear harness/lanyard as fall restraint
- Secure lanyard ONLY to approved lift anchor
- Make sure railings, doors, chains are in place
- Do not climb on rails or use ladders, boxes, etc.
- Crane manbaskets
- Must wear harness/lanyard as fall restraint
- Secure lanyard to independent anchor on crane, NOT crane basket

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

## Surface and Trench Collapses

- Competent person must check excavation sites at start of each shift and as needed
- Surface collapses
- Comply with approved demolition plan before removing girders, large chunks of concrete, etc.
- Trench collapses (cave-ins)
- Have proper access and way to escape
- Use proper protective devices
-    (benching, shoring, sloping, trench boxes)

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
 Ground Zero can be compared to a pile of pickup sticks covered with cement dust and other materials.  The demolition plans must be approved in advance.
 For escape from trenches, there must be a ladder in the trench within 25 feet of the worker.

## Aerial Lift and Crane Collapses/Tipovers

- Make sure you are trained in use of model of equipment you will be working on
- Inspect equipment at start of shift
- Make sure surface is stable
- Don’t exceed rated load limits
- Don’t exceed boom extension limits
- Watch for struck by/against accidents
- Follow all manufacturers directions

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
1. Many fall and collapse deaths from aerial lifts are due to vehicles striking the aerial lift or to objects such as crane loads striking the boom or bucket.

## Struck By and Caught In/BetweenWorking Near Heavy Machinery 

- Stand clear of operating equipment and vehicles
- Wear high visibility/reflective clothing!
- Be alert for backup alarms on vehicles
- Avoid entering crane swing radius
- Use tag lines when lifting loads
- Use spotters during lifting operations

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
 Note that crane swing radius should be barricaded to prevent unnecessary exposures to risks from overhead lifting of debris.

## Struck By/Against Hazards

- Falling debris
- Barricade off falling object hazard areas
- Wear hard hats at all times
- Sharp objects in debris
- Work gloves
- Protective clothing

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
1. Note that cuts from sharp objects might not be very severe, but are very common.

## Fires & Burns

- Be alert for hot steel, hot debris and smoke
- Fires should be immediately reported to fire department
- Hot Work Procedures
- Fuel & compressed gas cylinders
**Fire or Emergency CALL: 212-747-9193**

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
 Note that buried steel girders can be very hot and when exposed to air can cause nearby combustible materials to burst into flame.  
 Note that you can’t tell if steel is hot by just looking at it.  Assume it is hot. 
 Each contractor should define specific hot-work procedures for cutting, burning, and related activities. 
 Fuel and compressed gasses are discussed in the following slides.

## Storage of Compressed Gas Cylinders

- Separate oxygen cylinders from fuel cylinders by at least 20 feet, unless protected by fire wall
- Store acetylene cylinders upright
- Protect against falling and high temperature
- Protect against falling objects
- Do not store in unvented areas
- Cap & secure cylinders

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Reference Fire Department  bulletins in handouts.

Note that there are more detailed slides for those directly involved in working with compressed gas cylinders at end.

## Refueling Area Setup

- Refuel vehicles ONLY in designated area
- Refueling areas must be at least 50 feet from other operations and storm drains
- Fuel storage and filling areas are marked 	“No Smoking or Open Flames”
- Locate disconnect switches for refueling equipment away from refueling areas
- Spill control and cleanup materials available
- An ABC fire extinguisher shall be located 25-75 feet from refueling operations

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Describe appropriate refueling practices on the site, and indicate on map where vehicle refueling area is.
 Reference the Fire Department hand-out on fire extinguisher use
 Fire department to provide additional information on specific procedures

## Refueling Area Operations

- Allow portable equipment time to cool down before refueling
- Shut down spark-producing equipment
- Dispensing nozzles must have automatic shutoff and not have “latch open” device

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

## Portable Fuel Cans

- NO plastic containers!  Use only properly labeled and approved containers
- Do not store in direct sunlight
- Relieve pressure buildup away from ignition sources (hot surfaces, sparks)

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
 Note that plastic containers may only be used for kerosene.  Gasoline and diesel must use approved metal containers.
 Using metal fuel cans with spouts has the effect of electrically bonding the container to the vehicle or metal receptacle.  Since only metal containers are allowed, electrical bonding (but not grounding) is occurring.  This assures no spark is created by static electricity from pouring the fuel.
 Kerosene vapor will not ignite with a spark at room temperature, so plastic containers present no hazard.

## Chemical Hazards

- Chemicals brought on  site
- Chemicals possibly present in WTC debris and air

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
9:00 – 9:45 AM/PM Specific Hazards on the Site (slides 44-64)

1.  Refer to the summary of hazards from the WTC debris that is in the student handouts.

## Chemicals Brought on  Site

**Substance**	       **Skin/Eye Contact**	**Inhalation**	**Ingestion**
- Diesel fuel	                      X	                    X	       X
- Acetylene gas	            X	                    X
- Greases, oils,
- hydraulic fluids,                 X                           X              X
- cutting oils
- Gasoline,
- petroleum distillates	   X	                     X	       X

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
1.  Note that these are not exotic chemicals, but the quantities that are used and stored on this site are more than a typical construction site, such that we need to pay particular attention to avoid injuries or exposures.

## Material Safety Data Sheet Sample

-   You must be trained in how to read MSDSs

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
 Note where MSDSs are available for materials in use on the site.
 Ask if there are examples from the class, or offer an example, of when it would be useful to look at an MSDS before starting work with a product.
Students should be trained to understand and interpret MSDSs by their contractors under the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).

## Chemicals Possibly Present in WTC Debris and Air

- Dusts
- asbestos, crystalline silica, fiberglass dust, toxic metals (arsenic, lead, chromium)
- Smoke
- particulates
- Benzene, carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, PCBs, PAHs,
- Others:
- exhaust from vehicles and gas-powered tools
- Freon

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

## Chemical Safety

- Prevent inhalation
- respirators
- Prevent skin/eye contact
- Safety glasses with side shields or goggles
- Proper gloves and protective clothing
- Prevent ingestion
- NO eating, drinking, smoking, chewing tobacco except in designated areas!

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

## Avoid Taking Home Contaminants

- Wash Hands & Face
- Shower After Work Where Available
- Change into Street Clothes After Work
- Store Street Clothes in Clean Area
- Wash Work Clothes Separate from Family’s

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Refer to student handouts that include a letter from the NYC Health Department on not transporting hazardous substances off of the WTC site.
 Note that Department of Health may issue individual penalties of up to $2,000 for transporting contaminants off the site.  Refer to Health department notice in instructor packet.
 Note the DeCon or shower area on the site map.
 Depending on the materials that are actually in the dust on your clothes, these may present significant hazards to your children or family members.  For example, asbestos or lead, if present, could present serious concerns.  Children of workers involved in asbestos and lead work have been shown to have serious health effects where proper decontamination was not used.  While the dust and dirt on your clothes will not be individually tested, this is an important and prudent precaution.

## Physical Hazards

- Cold
- Heat
- Noise
- Electrical hazards
- Manual lifting

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

## Cold

- Can cause frostbite, hypothermia
- Contributing factors:
- Damp, windy, or wet weather
- Prevention:
- Warm, dry clothing
- Work breaks in warm shelters

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

## Heat

- Can cause heat stress, heat exhaustion, heat stroke
- Contributing factors:
- Temperature, humidity, heavy work, continuous work,
- Fires, hot surfaces
- Prevention:
- Proper type of clothing
- Work breaks in cool area

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Instructor’s Note:  PPE (e.g., respirators, gloves, welding leathers) can also contribute to heat stress.

## Noise

- Can cause hearing loss
- Action level of 85 decibels triggers hearing conservation program
- Noise monitoring
- Worker protection
- Engineering controls (quieter equipment)
- Administrative controls (job rotation)
- Hearing protection (ear plugs, ear muffs)
- Hearing tests
- Training

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
 Specify the hearing protection needed for specific tasks on the job, e.g., use of power tools, or plasma arc cutting
 A rule of thumb is that there is excessive noise if you have to raise your voice to speak to someone a couple of feet away.

## Electrical Hazards

- Electrical shock and electrocution
- Electrical burns
- Arc flash burns
- Arc blast effects
- hearing loss, pressure wave
- Falls
- Fire

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Instructor Notes: 
-- Arc Flashes are sparks that are from a short circuit through the air.  
-- Arc Blasts are explosions from very large arc flashes.
-- Workers are injured or killed because they fall from an elevated surface after a shock that may not have been fatal on its own.

## Electrical Safety

- Watch for buried power lines. Don’t assume they are de-energized.
- Keep all metal ladders and other conductive objects away from live circuits/power lines
- Make sure all electrical outlets have GFCIs
- Use only hard or extra-hard usage extension cords with 3 prongs
-  Properly maintain electrical cords & equip.

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Instructor Notes:
 -- GFCIs are ground-fault circuit interrupters.
 -- Cords will be labeled as S, ST, STO, SJ, SJO, SJT, or SJTO. 

## Power Tools and Equipment

- Use only tools and equipment labeled for wet or damp areas
- Make sure plugs have 3 prongs or are double-insulated
- Inspect cords for exposed wires, frayed, spliced or taped cords or other damage
- Tag defective equipment and remove from service

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

## Equipment MaintenanceLockout/Tagout

- Lock and tag all energy sources of equipment you will work on
- Each person working should install own lock
- Released stored energy
- Before removing locks after working on equipment, notify others in area and check area
- Make sure you are trained and know written Lockout/Tagout Program

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

## Manual Lifting

- Can causes back pain and injury
- Use proper lifting techniques
- Use lifting devices or get help for heavy loads
- Avoid bending or twisting while lifting
- Hold loads centered and close to the body
- Arrange lifting tasks to keep load between knuckle height and shoulder height
- Avoid repeated one-handed lifting
- Rotate continuous lifting tasks

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Instructor Note: “knuckle height” means with arms at side

## Confined Spaces

- Site ES&H Plan calls for each contractor to comply with 29 CFR 1910.146 (OSHA Permit-Required Confined Space Standard) and have a plan reviewed by DDC.

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

## Confined SpaceDefinition 

- Confined Space
- Large enough for human entry
- Limited or restricted entry or exit
- Not meant for human occupancy
- Permit-Required Confined Space

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
 Note that the permit requirements for confined space from the OSHA general industry standards often are not applied in construction.  However, on the WTC site the NYC DDC has required in its site safety plan that all contractors follow these more protective standards.  A written confined space entry permit is required, prior to entry.  The Fire Department will conduct all atmospheric testing in these spaces to determine whether they are safe for entry.
Give an example of a confined space from the WTC site.  (e.g., manhole, cavity in debris, etc.)
 If there is a hazard within a confined space which must be controlled, then it is permit required.
 Note that at present on the WTC site, ALL confined spaces are considered permit required confined spaces
 Emphasize that workers should NEVER attempt to rescue a person that appears to be “down” in a confined space.  Summon help and wait for trained personnel (Firefighters on the WTC site) to execute rescue.  
 Emphasize that Over 50% of confined space entry fatalities are would-be rescuers!

## Confined Space Hazards

- Oxygen deficiency
- Other gases crowd out oxygen
- Toxic gases
- carbon monoxide from fires & engines
- Collapses
- trench cave-ins, underground collapses

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Instructor Note:  The generic session this is present for summary information only.   For trades/agencies involved in confined space entry procedures, This should be covered in greater detail as a part of the trade-specific  hazards.  

## Confined Space Safety

- Permits required for all confined space entry
- Confined Space Entry Program
- Measures to prevent unauthorized entry
- Identification of hazards and testing
- Safe entry and rescue procedures
- Proper PPE, equipment for testing, rescue, etc.
- Outside attendant(s)
- Additional specific training of all involved personnel

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Instructor Note:  A copy of the contractor confined space permit should be available.

Repeat that at present ALL confined spaces on the WTC site are considered permit required confined spaces.

Fire Department must test the atmosphere in confined spaces prior to entry.

## Biological Hazards

- Animal bites and insect stings
- Report animal bites and stings to first aid station for evaluation and treatment
- Use mosquito repellent during mosquito season
- Report bee/wasp allergies to employer safety officer prior to working at WTC site
- Bird droppings
- May cause illnesses if inhaled or accidentally eaten
- Respirators and protective clothing may be needed in nearby buildings if significant amounts are present

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Instructor note: Inhalation of bird droppings can cause histoplasmosis (a fungal disease) and psittacosis (a communicable disease).

Rat bites should be reported to the first aid station.

## Other Hazards

- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders
- Night work
- Poor lighting
- Body rhythms
- Extended hours
- Fatigue
-  Exhaust/Carbon Monoxide

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Other Hazards
 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders 
As construction workers involved in the Oklahoma City Federal Building project found,  it is not uncommon to have sleeplessness, depression and other effects of working in the kinds of high stress situations that can be present on the WTC site.  Workers should be aware of these issues, but also aware that these symptoms should go away over a period of months rather than persisting.  If symptoms persist or they would like to to discuss concerns with a counselor, these services are made available to address their specific needs.  Please refer to the handout from the NY Central Labor Council.  
Night work conflicts with natural biorhythms causing stress disorders in some night workers, and can result in conflicts with other family responsibilities and relationships.  Poor lighting can also create safety hazards and should be addressed before starting work.
 Extended hours, such as 12-hr shifts, can result in injuries as workers become fatigued.  Be cautious and alert to the level of fatigue of co-workers, so as to avoid hazardous situations.  Where possible establish buddy systems to support co-workers in known hazardous situations.
 Exhaust/Carbon Monoxide.  There are several situations where workers may be exposed to exhaust, which should be minimized to the extent possible.
 Do not use gas powered equipment in enclosed areas without adequate ventilation
 Do not use vehicle exhaust as a warmer on cold days
 Be alert to possible Carbon Monoxide poisoning from sitting in idling vehicles for extended periods if exhaust system is defective

## Information on Additional Training

- Contractor & Trade Specific Training
- Specialty Training is Available and Training Needs Should be Communicated through Union Stewards to the Joint S&H Committee
- New hazards may arise requiring additional training for all site workers.

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Note that additional training is available through Joint Apprenticeship and Training Funds, and that as new hazards arise additional training may be required.

## Respiratory Protection

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Instructor should note that some participants (e.g., office support staff) may leave at the start of this section if there work will never involve respirator use.

1.  Tell all office and support staff that they can leave at this point since they have no requirement to use respirators.

## RespiratorsTypes of Respirators on Site

- Half Face respirators
- Full Face Respirators
- Different brands

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

## RespiratorsTypes of Cartridges

- P100
- filters out toxic and nuisance particles
- Color: Purple/Magenta
- Acid Gas and Organic Vapor Combination Cartridge
- Filters out vapors like benzene and solvents
- Filters out sulfuric acid gas
- Color: Yellow

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

## RespiratorsRequirements to wear

- Facial Hair
- Medical evaluation/examination
- Workers must be evaluated and obtain medical clearance to make sure that wearing a respirator will not present health risks for them individually
- Fit Testing on brand, model, and size you will wear
- Qualitative
- Quantitative
- Training

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
For the medical evaluation/examination, a worker will be given a questionnaire by a licensed health care practitioner.  The worker must also be allowed to ask questions from a licensed health care practitioner if they have any problems with the questionnaire.  The results of the questionnaire will be reviewed by a doctor or another licensed health care practitioner, and the worker may need to be examined.  The examination content will be determined by the doctor.  Additional specific medical examinations are required under the OSHA Asbestos standard.  Medical clearance to wear a respirator is required.

Fit testing will be either qualitative or quantitative.  A qualitative fit test is a “yes or no” type test, using either irritant smoke or banana oil, or a sweet or bitter taste is used within a test chamber.  If the user detects any of the test substance, the respirator fails, and does not fit that worker.  Several brands and sizes of respirator must be available so workers can find the correct fit.  Quantitative fit-testing uses a  machine that measures the concentration of room dust or some test atmosphere both inside and outside a mask.  There is a probe in the respirator that sucks the air from inside the mask.  This quantitative test give a NUMBER, that shows the ratio between dust or substance outside the mask to inside the mask.  The higher the number, the better the fit.

Additional specific training is required under 1910.134 for workers wearing respirators.

## RespiratorsDaily Procedures

- Inspection
- Clean
- Filters/Cartridges
- Valves
- Fit Checks
- Positive and Negative fit checks
- Cleaning and Storage

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Inspections should determine if the respirator is clean and in general good condition.  The filters/cartridges should be checked to make sure they are the proper types.  Inhalation and exhalation valves should be inspected to make sure that they are soft and functional.

Fit checks must be done every time a worker puts on a mask.  See the next slide.

The contractor specific cleaning and storage arrangements should be discussed here.

## Respirators

- Negative Pressure
- 		Check
- EVERY TIME
- 		You put it on!

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

## Respirators

- Positive pressure
- 		Check

- EVERY TIME
- 	You put it on!

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

## Respirator Limitations

- Site respirators filter air, they do not supply air, so they are useless in an oxygen deficient atmosphere.
- Filters can become clogged, being harder to breath through.  Change regularly.
- Acid Gas/Organic Vapor Cartridges can become saturated and useless.  Cartridges should be changed according the schedule in the Contractor’s Respiratory Protection Program.

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Air purifying respirators described in these slides should never be used where oxygen is present in concentrations less than 19.5 %, or where it may be.  For these Immediately dangerous to life and health situations, a Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) or Supplied air line with an escape bottle should be used.  

In high exposure settings, the HEPA filter change schedule can be daily or sooner based on difficulty breathing or resistance to air flow.

Cartridge change schedule should be based on exposure levels on site.  They should not be based solely on worker perception of odor.  If worker smells odor, cartridge should be changed and possibly worker should be re-fit-tested.  A regular replacement schedule must be defined in the contractors respiratory protection program.

## Respirators

- If the respirators doesn’t seem to fit, ask for a new brand or size and get refitted.
- If you feel bad while wearing a respirator, ask about a new medical evaluation.
- If you have any questions about respirators, ask for your employers’ program administrator or written program.

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

## Trade/Contractor SpecificHazards and Work Rules

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
Exercises and additional content will be added to address specific hazards faced by various trades and agencies on the WTC site, and to address contractor-specific work rules, if any, which may go beyond site requirements.

These will be defined in the trainer orientation session, some model lesson plans are included in the instructor packet for consideration.

## Field Orientation

- Follow the instructor back to the site for a visual review of key locations

- WTC Emergency Project Orientation Program

**Notes:**
9:45 – 10:00 AM/PM  Field Site Layout and Orientation

 Take the group on to the site and point out visually key locations including

	traffic zones
	first aid stations
	eye washes & showers
	evacuation route and location for check off to assure everyone is out
	eating areas
	required PPE zones
	key operational areas
	other areas of importance ____________________________________
	__________________________________________________________

2.  Ask if there are any questions about location of issues on site.