# Presentation: 669718

## ESA Science ProgrammeStatus of ILWS Related Activities

***Hermann J. Opgenoorth***
***ESA – ESTEC***
***Solar System Missions Division (SCI-SM)***
***Research and  Scientific  Support  Department (RSSD)***

## Reorganisation within RSSD

-      From
-      **Division for Solar and Solar Terrestrial Missions**  	-  Hermann Opgenoorth
- 	and
-      **Division for Planetary Missions**  			-  Gerhard Schwehm
-      to:
-      _**Solar System**_** Missions Division **    and       _**Solar System**_** Science Operation Division**
-      (Gerhard Schwehm)          *Nov. 2005 - May 2006*          (Hermann Opgenoorth)
-      Hermann Opgenoorth            *(as of June 2006)*                 Gerhard Schwehm
*     **Science and Future Planning*	                       *Operation of Missions in Orbit*
*	**i.e. ILWS amongst others... *(:-)

##      Existing Missions  -  Ulysses

- Joint ESA-NASA Mission since 1990
- Earlier anticipated end of Mission: 30. Sept. 2004
- Recent ESA-SPC decision to extend the scientific operations by 3.5 years to March 2008 - allowing _**third polar pass**_
- Now also successfully passed the NASA Senior Review - full support of extension to March 2008

_***Key Scientific Goals in the Context of Extension:***_
* **Energetic particle and dust dynamics: effect of       reversed field polarity on latitude dependence*
* **Reconfirm the north-south heliospheric asymmetry*
* **3-D structure of CMEs  and heliospheric current sheet observed in conjunction with ecliptic S/C like STEREO*

##      Existing Missions  -  SOHO

**   ****ESA / NASA Collaboration since 1995**
**   ****Currently in 4 year mission extension 2003-2007****        **
**   ****New extension 2007-2009 decided in May 2006 SPC **
**  ****s.c. **_***SOHO ”Bonus” or ”Bogart” Mission***_** discussed:**
**    ****maintain a minimum suite of instruments beyond 2009**
**    ****to provide Coronagraph (and possibly TSI) for ILWS**

**     ****Existing Missions  -  SOHO**

##      Existing Missions  -  Cluster

**   ****First 3-D satellite mission ever**
**   ****ESA - NASA Collaboration since 2000 **
**   ****Earlier ESA-SPC decision to change to 100 % orbital data**
**    ****coverage and 3 year mission extension:   2003 - 2005**
**   ****Additional SPC decision to add Cluster Active Archive, **
**     ****which was opened in February ****2006, containing 2 years data**
**   ****Second mission extension for 2+2 years until December 2009**
**     ****decided in February 2005 SPC meeting**
**   ****Cluster is presently at largest separation 10000 km in **
**    ****magnetotail**

**     ****Existing Missions  -  Cluster**

##      Existing Missions  -  Double Star

**    ****China / ESA collaboration since 2003 (TC1) and 2004 (TC2)**
**    ****Two satellites with European Cluster and new Chinese Instruments**
**    ****Magnetospheric equatorial (TC1, 570 x 78900 km) and **
**      ****polar orbits (TC2, 700 x 39000 km), matched to Cluster.**
**    ****No problems in science operation, in spite of failed attitude control**
**    ****Excellent science results - in particular in coordination with Cluster **
**    ****1.5 yrs mission extension to December 2006 for TC1 and 1 year to**
**      ****July 2006 for TC2 decided by May 2005 SPC meeting**
**    ****Presently investigation ongoing to extend also TC2 to December 2006**
** **

**     ****Existing Missions  -  Double Star**

## Cluster new regions: subsolar point and auroral acceleration

- 2001

- 2009

**Magnetopause:**
**Subsolar point**

- Cluster Extension

## Double Star – Cluster: Evolution of Reconnection 

- Strong flow of plasma observed first at
- Double Star and 5 min later at Cluster

- DSP

- Cluster

- From Pitout et al., 2005

- Cluster Extension

**Notes:**
Double Star and Cluster observed stong plasma flows at 5 min interval. This is the signature of reconnection between the solar wind magnetic field and the Earth’s magnetic field. 

Since at that time they were both at the same time at the magnetopause (thanks to the synchronised orbits), we can propose that reconnection started in the equatorial plane and then the reconnected field lines moved over the Southern pole where Cluster was located.

## Cluster at new region: Near-Earth Current Disruption

-  Crossing of tail at 8-10
-    Earth radii
-  Current Disruption: key
-    process for substorms

**Near-Earth tail:**
**Current Disruption**

- 2001

- 2009

- Cluster Extension

## Extension summer 2005: Tail 

- Extension summer 2005: Tail

- Cluster: 14-16 Re sep.1000-10000 km
- DSP TC-1: 9 Re apog. above equator
- DSP TC-2: 7 Re  apogee in tail

- 09 Sept. 2005, 16:00 UT

- 5 Re

**<==**  Observe NENL and/or Bursty Bulk Flow at Cluster and then
-          monitor Current Disruption and BBF breaking at DSP
-  **==>** Observe Current Disruption at DSP and then
-          outgoing “rarefaction-wave” at Cluster.

- XZ

- SOHO SWT-29

- 21  Oct 1999

## Extension summer 2006: Tail

- Cluster: 14-16 Re sep 1000-10000km
- DSP TC-1: 9 Re gradual sep. in Y
- DSP TC-2: apogee in southern hemisphere

- XZ plane

- XY plane

- TC-1

- 11 Sept 2006 00:00

- => Observe the azimuthal extent and dynamics of current disruption

- SOHO SWT-29

- 21  Oct 1999

##            Future Missions  -  SWARM

**  ****ESA - EOP Living Planet 3-satellite mission to study core dynamics and  **
**    ****geodynamo processes, crustal magnetisation, and ocean circulation from**
**    ****low Earth orbit.**
**  ****Ionosphere-magnetosphere current systems and magnetic forcing of **
**    ****the upper atmosphere need to be derived and taken care of **
**    ****- “one man’s noise is another man’s data”**
**  ****Selected by Earth Observation Program Board for Launch in 2009**** **
**  ****Electric Field Instrument (Ion Drift Meter) provided by  CSA in  **
**    ****collaboration with ESA Science Programme**
**  ****For optimisation of GEOSPACE science capabilities an additional     **
**    ****electron instrument “Conducto-meter” was discussed - ****but not achieved**
**  ****Science operation and data products will be organised and shared**
**    ****between D/EOP and D/SCI (tbd)**

**           ****Future Missions  -  SWARM**

## Slide 13

## KuaFu - in detailed study phase by CNSA, CMA, PKUSolar Storm, Aurora and Space Weather Exploration 					

- Clear ESA and European memberstate
-  interest to participate in this mission
-       ( more on this tomorrow )

**KuaFu - in detailed study phase by CNSA, CMA, PKU****Solar Storm, Aurora and Space Weather Exploration ****	****	****	****	****	**

- Launch Date: 2012

## ESA Support to Solar-B

**	**
**	**

**ESA Support to Solar-B**

-    ESA, in sub-contractual collaboration with the Norwegian Space Centre,
-      will provide one additional downlink contact to Solar-B for each of the 15
-      orbits per day
-    This will considerably improve the overall scientific data return and the
-      cadence of observations from the Solar-B mission
-    The European scientific community will be catered with processed data
-      through a dedicated Solar B data centre
-      at the University of Oslo
-     MoU with JAXA basically agreed
-      and soon to be signed. AO for two
-      European members on the Solar-B
-      SWT to be issued after summer.

## Svalbard Ground Station for Solar-B 

**Reasons:** Antenna redundancy,
- 	possibility	to track all 15 orbits
- 	every day and Norwegian
- 	interest in the mission.

- Svalbard Ground Station for Solar-B

## PROBA - 2 ESA Technology Demonstrator

**Project for On-Board Autonomy within ESA D/TEC**
- Successor of PROBA1 (launched in 2001, dedicated to Earth observation)
- ESA mission with Belgium as lead funder (through GSTP)
**Prime contractor:** Verhaert Design & Devl. (Belgium)
- 2 **calls for ideas** for technology experiments and scientific payload resulted by mid-2002 in a selection of
- 15 technology elements
- 5 scientific instruments
**                                    ****Schedule:**  development 2003-2006 and launch September 2007
-                                     into an LEO 06-18 Sun-synchronous orbit
-              Following proposal to the ESA NLM programme
-                    the Proba-2 science operation has been «adopted«
-                    for a 2 year mission duration by the May 2006
-                    SPC  meeting  -  at a cost of 2.8 Meuro for ESA.

## The PROBA2 Solar Payload

**2 main Belgian-led instruments were selected by ESA:**
**SWAP**: _S_un _W_atcher using _A_PS and image _P_rocessing(co-PI’s: J.M. Defise-CSL & D. Berghmans-ROB)
**LYRA**: _L_yman _A_lpha _Ra_diometer(PI: J.F. Hochedez-ROB)
**3 other instruments (CZ and DK) are also part of the payload:**
- DSLP: Dual Segmented Langmuir Probe
- TPMU: Thermal Plasma Measurement Unit for Microsatellites
- SGVM: Science Grade Vectorized Magnetometer

## _x001a_

- FOV: 45 arcmin

- FOV: 54 arcmin

- 1.67 R

- 2.36 R

-  17.1nm, 19.5nm, 28.4nm, 30.4 nm
-  Fixed sun-centering
-  at L1
-  12 min cadence

-  17.5nm
-  Flexible off-pointing
-  Protected by magnetosphere
-  1 min cadence

**Notes:**
1024x1024 backsided CCD
1024x1024 coated CMOS APS

## LYRA (E)UV channels

- Woods et al 2005

- 200-220 nm (Herzberg continuum)
- 115-125nm (Lyman alpha)
- 17-30 nm (EUV, including HeII)
- 1-20 nm (soft X-rays)

**Notes:**
The 200-220 nm Herzberg continuum range (interference filter)
Lyman-alpha (121.6 nm, interference filter)
Aluminium filter EUV channel (17-70 nm) incl. He II at 30.4 nm
Zirconium filter XUV channel (1-20 nm)   highest solar variability, rejecting strongly He II

##    Future Missions  -  Solar Orbiter

** ****Selected as ESA Flexi-mission and confirmed as part of  ”COSMIC VISION”**
** ****Formal negotiations about a potential NASA contribution ( or collaboration **
**   ****with Solar Sentinels )  in progress... **

**- Inner Heliosphere In-Situ observations **
**  **_**and**_** simultaneous Solar Remote Sensing  **
** ****Orbit up to 35 deg out of  the ecliptic,  i.e. **
**  ****topside view of polar regions and CME’s   **
** ****observe the far-side of the Sun from a **
**  ****co-rotating vantage point at 0.22 AU, **
**  ****equivalent to  48 Solar radii...**

**   ****Future Missions  -  Solar Orbiter**

## Mission Duration and Solar Cycle

## Solar Orbiter Status 

-  		**Mission profile:**
- Launch by Soyuz-Fregat 2-1b (aim: _March 2015_, alt. Oct 2017)
- Cruise phase (_Chemical _Propulsion / SEP / ): / _3.0_ / 1.8 yrs
- Nominal science mission duration: 3.2 yrs
- Extended mission (high-latitude phase): 3.8 yrs
- Minimum perihelion distance: 48 solar radii (0.22 AU)
- Maximum solar latitude:	35° (in extended phase)
**SPACECRAFT** –  two industrial studies completed (Sci-A)
- 			–  6 month delta-study (chem. prop.) completed
**PAYLOAD ****       **–  definition completed
- 				  Particles and Fields Package
- 				  Remote-sensing Package
**PLAN :**** **Call for _Letters of Intent_ LoI issued - to sound P/L provision
- Presently looking at cost savings and/or international collaboration
- to maintain superior launch opportunity in 2015 & ILWS timeliness
**	**

## ESA’s Cosmic Vision, 2015-2025Call to be issued this autumn, subject to comments by SPRT

**Themes:**
- What are the conditions for life and planetary formation?
- How does the Solar System work?
- From the Sun to the edge of the Solar System
**“****First, the hierarchy of scales in the magnetosphere (e.g. M3, Magnetospheric SWARM)”**
- Gaseous Giants and their Moons
- The Building Blocks of the Solar System: Asteroids and Small Bodies
- What are the fundamental laws of the Universe?
- How did the Universe originate and what is it made of?
- Giovanni Bignami, chairman SSAC, 10 May 2005

## Three scales of plasmas – shocks as an example

## Cross-Scale – key concepts

- Spacecraft on a hierarchy of scales
**Electron** group
- Electron instruments
- 3 axis electric and magnetic fields
**Ion** group
- Fast ion instruments
- Magnetic field instruments
**Fluid** group
- Bulk plasma and field instruments
- Energetic particles
- Note
- Need different instrumentation at each scale
**Other agencies** could provide one or more scales

## Cross-Scale  -  The ESA context

- Cosmic Vision 2015-2025
- Relative to other CV mission concepts, Cross-Scale is:
**Cheap**: <€300M, baseline of single Soyuz-Fregat launch
**Quick**: early in programme - by 2015?
**Easy**: no technological show-stoppers
- Potential for international collaboration with JAXA
**SCOPE**: 5-s/c mission for cross-scale plasma dynamics
- Led by Dr. M. Fujimoto, JAXA/ISAS
- First inter-agency discussions at two ESA /JAXA Bilaterals,
- (More on this tomorrow...)

## European ILWS Strategy in an Overview

|  | 
 Major ESA Support
     or ESA – led | 

Modest ESA Support | 
Strong  ESA/SCI endorsement
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1    Sun and Solar Wind
      Energy Source | Soho & Ulysses ext.
Solar Orbiter 
BC–MMO SolarSent. | Solar – B grnd. stat.
Coronagraph (MoO)
Stereo grnd. stat | L1 mission(s)
Solar - ISS  
Proba - 2   |
| 2a  Ionosphere -
      Thermosphere
      Energy deposition | 
Swarm  | 
To be identified | Demeter
Ravens |
| 2b Magnetosphere 
      Energy conversion | Cluster / DSP extension
M 3    development | NLM’s
candidates tbi | Orbitals
Frisbee
National Multi-Sats |
| 3    Sun and Climate
      End-to-End Observ. |              _ | TSI M of Opp / C-Ph
Picard & Earthshine |            _ |
| 4    Data Exploitation,
     Analysis & Models | Cluster Active Archive (CAA) | SDO DB or EN-SVO 
Stereo / Solar–B GrSt | Model and Theory 
Space Weather / GB |

## European ILWS Strategy in an Overview

|  | 
 Major ESA Support
     or ESA – led | 

Modest ESA Support | 
Strong  ESA/SCI endorsement
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1    Sun and Solar Wind
      Energy Source | Soho & Ulysses ext.
Solar Orbiter        <==
BC–MMO SolarSent. | Solar – B grnd. stat.
Coronagraph (SBM)
Stereo grnd. stat.   <=  | L1 mission(s)> KuaFu
Solar - ISS (D/HME)  
== Proba - 2   |
| 2a  Ionosphere -
      Thermosphere
      Energy deposition | 
Swarm  | 
To be identified | Demeter
Ravens -> KuaFu |
| 2b Magnetosphere 
      Energy conversion | Cluster / DSP extension
Cross-Scale (CV15-25) | NLM’s  (?)
candidates tbi | Orbitals -> RBSP ?
Frisbee (?)
Natnl. Multi-Sats(?) |
| 3    Sun and Climate
      End-to-End Observ. |  SOHO Bonus      <== Mission (TSI)  | TSI - Mission of Opp. 
Earthshine (?) | Picard (CNES)  |
| 4    Data Exploitation,
     Analysis & Models | Cluster Active Archive (CAA) | SDO DB or EN-SVO 
Stereo / Solar–B GrSt | Model and Theory 
Space Weather / GB |

## Slide provided by E. Daly (D/TEC)ESA Technology Directorate (D/TEC)

- Space Weather Applications Pilot Project is completing;
- 	new space engineering oriented collaboration structure being set up;
- Space Weather Working Team to continue (chair: M. Hapgood (RAL, UK));
- (PROBA-2, -3 are managed out of TD);
- Modelling activities planned for engineering application (SPEs, radiation belts, ionosphere) – lack of inner heliosphere energetic particle data is apparent!
- Environment monitor developments planned for deployment in, e.g., GEO, MEO(NAV);
- Muon Telescope prototyping (U. Greifswald);

- ESA Navigation Directorate

- Galileo Navigation constellation should have in-situ (radiation, charging) and remote sensing (ionosphere) capabilities.