# Presentation: 877324

## 14 CFR Part 61

**Certification of: **
**Pilots, Flight Instructors**
**and Ground Instructors**
**	****	****	****	****	****	****	**
**	****	****	****	****	****	****	****	****8/21/97**

**Notes:**
Instructors Notes

## OBJECTIVE

**  ****GIVEN THE REVIEW OF THE REVISED PART 61 OF THE FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS   (14 CFR PART 61)   YOU WILL BE ABLE TO DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF *****CHANGES THAT IMPACT PILOT CERTIFICATION***** ****AND CURRENCY.**

**Notes:**
NEITHER TIME NOR THE INTENDED SUBJECT MATERIAL OF THESE PILOT EXAMINER RECURRENT SEMINARS ALLOW US TO HAVE A DISCUSSION OF ALL CHANGES THAT HAVE BEEN MADE TO PART 61.   
OUR DISCUSSION WILL PRIMARILY BE DIRECTED TO THOSE CHANGES THAT DIRECTLY IMPACT THE CERTIFICATION PROCESS.  CHANGES THAT EFFECT ALL PILOTS IN GENERAL WILL ALSO BE INCLUDED.

## 61.1  APPLICABILITY

**This Part Prescribes The Requirements for**
**Issuing Pilot, Flight Instructor and Ground**
**Instructor Certificates and Ratings and**
**Certificates to Part 142 Course Graduates.**

**Notes:**
THE APPLICABILITY OF PART 61 IS CHANGED IN TWO RESPECTS.
1.  GROUND INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES ARE INCLUDED  UNDER  PART 61  SUBPART I.     (PART 143; GROUND INSTRUCTOR,  IS REMOVED AND RESERVED)
2.  REQUIREMENTS FOR ISSUANCE OF CERTIFICATES TO GRADUATES OF PART 141 COURSES , TRAINING CENTERS, FLIGHT SCHOOLS, 121 TRAINING CENTERS, AND 135 COURSES, ETC.., AS APPROVED UNDER TITLE 14., ARE INCLUDED UNDER PART 61.

## 61.1(b) CLARIFICATION OF TERMS

**Aeronautical Experience**
**Flight Time or Training Requirements**
**Authorized Instructor   **
**Flight or Ground (Part 61)**
**Authorized By Administrator **
**   ****(121, 135, 142,  61.41, SFAR 58 -- May **_**Only**_** Make Training Endorsements) **

**Notes:**
15   TERMS WERE SELECTED 
FOR CLARIFICATION OR
REDEFINITION. 
AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE: -  PILOT TIME OBTAINED IN AN AIRCRAFT, FLIGHT SIMULATOR OR FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICE FOR MEETING TRAINING AND FLIGHT TIME REQUIREMENT FOR AN AIRMAN CERTIFICATE OR RECENCY OF FLIGHT EXPERIENCE.  LOGGED PER 61.51(h)
AUTHORIZED INSTRUCTOR: -  A PERSON WHO HOLDS A CURRENT FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR -/- VALID GROUND INSTRUCTOR -----CERTIFICATE ISSUED UNDER PART 61 ... WHEN CONDUCTING TRAINING IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PRIVILEGES AND LIMITATIONS 
OR A PERSON AUTHORIZED BY THE ADMINISTRATOR UNDER PROVISIONS OF SFAR 58 ADVANCED QUALIFICATION PROGRAM,  BY 61.41 (e.g... MILITARY), & PARTS 121 & 135 OR 142. 
NOTE: THESE “AUTHORIZED BY THE ADMINISTRATOR” INSTRUCTORS  UNDER SFAR 58, 61.41, OR PARTS 121, 135 OR142 ARE AUTHORIZED TO GIVE APPROPRIATE TRAINING ENDORSEMENTS.   BUT, THEY SHALL NOT MAKE ENDORSEMENTS FOR STUDENT SOLO & X/C OR RECOMMENDATION FOR CERTIFICATES  (SEE 61.3(d)(2) & (3)).

## 61.1(b) CLARIFICATION OF  TERMSCROSS COUNTRY

**General:    Certificated Pilot, - In Aircraft, - Landing(s)  - Use Navigation**
**Minimum Distance For Aeronautical Experience Requirements**
**50nm in Airplane & Power Lift **
**25nm in Rotorcraft**

**Notes:**
THE GENERAL DEFINITION:   FLIGHT CONDUCTED BY A CERTIFICATED PILOT -- IN AN AIRCRAFT --  INCLUDES A LANDING AT A POINT OTHER THAN THE DEPARTURE POINT AND INVOLVES THE USE OF SOME METHOD OR SYSTEM OF NAVIGATION.  THIS TIME MAY BE LOGGED, BUT NOT USED FOR ELIGIBILITY.
AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENT TO BE ELIGIBLE FOR CERTIFICATES AND INSTRUMENT RATINGS IN AIRPLANES AND ROTORCRAFT INVOLVE A MINIMUM CROSS-COUNTRY DISTANCE FROM ORIGINAL POINT OF DEPARTURE. THE MINIMUM DISTANCE FOR AIRPLANE AND POWERED LIFT CERTIFICATES, RATINGS AND RECREATIONAL PRIVILEGE IS MORE THAN 50 NAUTICAL MILES (NM).  THE MINIMUM DISTANCE FOR ROTORCRAFT CERTIFICATES, RATINGS AND RECREATIONAL PRIVILEGE IS MORE THAN 25 NM.  

## Cross-Country

**Cross-Country**
**For Private, Commercial, Instrument, or Recreational privileges.**
**At Least One Landing Beyond- (50 or 25)**
**Eligibility for Airline Transport Pilot**
**Landing Not Required (Except Rotorcraft)**
**Flight beyond - (50/25) - Radius Required **
- (“Short” x/cs Logged Before 8/4/97 Are Grandfathered)

**Notes:**
CROSS-COUNTRY EXPERIENCE FOR A PRIVATE OR COMMERCIAL CERTIFICATE, INSTRUMENT RATING, OR RECREATIONAL X/C PRIVILEGE REQUIRES AT LEAST ONE LANDING BEYOND THE APPROPRIATE MINIMUM DISTANCE ON EACH FLIGHT.
CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHTS USED FOR ATP-AIRPLANE OR POWERED LIFT ELIGIBILITY NEED NOT INCLUDE A LANDING, BUT MUST GO BEYOND A 50 NM RADIUS OF THE ORIGINAL POINT OF DEPARTURE.
CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHTS USED FOR ATP-ROTORCRAFT CROSS-COUNTRY TIME DOES REQUIRE A LANDING BEYOND A 25 NM RADIUS. 
SHORT DISTANCE CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHTS LOGGED BEFORE AUGUST 4, 1997 (THAT DO NOT SATISFY THE MINIMUM DISTANCE REQUIREMENT) MAY BE USED FOR ATP-AIRPLANE EXPERIENCE.  THE PREAMBLE OF AMENDMENT 61-103 STATES THIS POLICY. 

## Examiner

**Examiner**
**Flight Simulator**
- Specific Type, Make, Model, Series
**Flight Training**
**Flight Training Device**

**Notes:**
EXAMINER: - PERSON AUTHORIZED BY THE ADMINISTRATOR TO CONDUCT A PILOT PROFICIENCY TEST OR A PRACTICAL TEST FOR A CERTIFICATE OR RATING.
FLIGHT SIMULATOR:  -   FULL SIZE COCKPIT REPLICA OF SPECIFIC TYPE OF AIRCRAFT-- CAPABLE OF GROUND AND FLIGHT OPERATIONS -- FORCE CUEING & 3 DEGREE MOTION -- 45 X 30 DEGREE VISUAL -- EVALUATED, QUALIFIED, AND APPROVED BY THE ADMINISTRATOR.
FLIGHT TRAINING: - TRAINING, OTHER THAN GROUND TRAINING, RECEIVED FROM AN AUTHORIZED FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR IN FLIGHT IN AN AIRCRAFT.
FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICE: - FULL SIZE REPLICA OF INSTRUMENTS, EQUIPMENT, PANELS, AND CONTROLS -- SIMULATE GROUND AND FLIGHT OPERATIONS -- NEED NOT HAVE MOTION  OR VISUAL SYSTEM -- EVALUATED, QUALIFIED, AND APPROVED BY ADMINISTRATOR

## 61.1(c)  CLARIFICATIONOF  TERMS

**Ground Training**
**Instrument Approach**
**Instrument Training**
**Knowledge Test**

**Notes:**
GROUND TRAINING: - TRAINING, OTHER THAN FLIGHT TRAINING, RECEIVED FROM AN AUTHORIZED INSTRUCTOR.
INSTRUMENT APPROACH: - AN APPROACH PROCEDURE, DEFINED IN PART 97.
INSTRUMENT TRAINING: - THAT TIME IN WHICH INSTRUMENT TRAINING IS RECEIVED FROM AN AUTHORIZED INSTRUCTOR UNDER ACTUAL OR SIMULATED INSTRUMENT CONDITIONS.
KNOWLEDGE TEST: - A TEST  ON AERONAUTICAL KNOWLEDGE AREAS  REQUIRED ... THAT CAN BE ADMINISTERED IN A WRITTEN FORM OR BY COMPUTER.

## Pilot Time

**Pilot Time**
**Serving as Required Crewmember**
**Giving or Receiving Training in an Aircraft, Simulator, or Training Device ****-- 61.51(h)**
**Practical Test**
**Set of Aircraft**
**Share Similar Performance Characteristics**
**Training Time**

**Notes:**
PILOT TIME: -  1). SERVES AS A REQUIRED PILOT,                      2).  RECEIVING TRAINING FROM AN AUTHORIZED INSTRUCTOR IN AN AIRCRAFT, APPROVED FLIGHT SIMULATOR, OR APPROVED FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICE         3).  GIVING TRAINING AS AN AUTHORIZED FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR IN AN AIRCRAFT, APPROVED FLIGHT SIMULATOR, OR APPROVED FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICE.    61.51(h) PROVIDES FOR LOGGING SIM/DEVICE TRAINING
PRACTICAL TEST:   A TEST ON AREAS OF OPERATIONS... (THROUGH) RESPONSE TO QUESTIONS AND DEMONSTRATION OF MANEUVERS IN FLIGHT, IN AN APPROVED FLIGHT SIMULATOR, OR IN AN APPROVED FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICE.
SET OF AIRCRAFT:  AIRCRAFT THAT SHARE SIMILAR PERFORMANCE AND HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS AND THE SAME NUMBER AND TYPE OF PROPULSION SYSTEMS. 
TRAINING TIME: - TRAINING RECEIVED IN FLIGHT, ON THE GROUND,  OR IN AN APPROVED FLIGHT SIMULATOR OR AN APPROVED FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICE FROM AN AUTHORIZED INSTRUCTOR. 

## “Physical Possession, or Readily Accessible in the Aircraft”

**Pilot and Medical Certificates**
**PIC or Required Pilot**
**Flight or Ground Instructor’s Certificate **
**When Giving Instruction**

_**61.3**_**  **_**CERTIFICATES, RATINGS, **__**AND  AUTHORIZATIONS.**_

**Notes:**
MAKE CERTAIN YOU RETURN THE NECESSARY CERTIFICATES TO THE APPLICANT BEFORE FLIGHT!
REPLACES “PERSONAL POSSESSION” WITH 
“PHYSICAL POSSESSION, OR READILY ACCESSIBLE IN THE AIRCRAFT.”  
THIS APPLIES TO PILOT CERTIFICATES AND, WHEN APPROPRIATE, TO MEDICAL CERTIFICATES.  
REQUIRES  FLIGHT AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS TO HAVE THEIR INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATE IN THEIR “PHYSICAL POSSESSION OR READILY ACCESSIBLE IN THE AIRCRAFT” WHEN GIVING INSTRUCTION.   AN FIRC GRADUATION CERTIFICATE IS ACCEPTABLE DURING RENEWAL PROCESS.
OF COURSE, THE FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR’S PILOT AND MEDICAL CERTIFICATES WOULD ALSO BE  REQUIRED IF CREWMEMBER DUTIES ARE BEING PERFORMED OR REQUIRED.

## Each Must Be Qualified & Approved by the Administrator

- Any Device Approved Prior to Aug. 1, 1996 For Training, Testing, or Checking May Continue to Be Used Provided
- Functions As Originally Designed
- Limited to / Used for the Same Purposes

**Notes:**
EACH FLIGHT SIMULATOR AND FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICE USED FOR TRAINING, TESTING, OR CHECKING MUST BE QUALIFIED AND APPROVED BY THE ADMINISTRATOR.
ANY DEVICE USED FOR FLIGHT TRAINING, TESTING, OR CHECKING THAT WAS APPROVED PRIOR TO AUGUST 1, 1996, MAY CONTINUE TO BE USED FOR THE SAME PURPOSE(S)  AND ONLY TO THAT EXTENT, PROVIDED IT FUNCTIONS AS ORIGINALLY DESIGNED.

## 61.5  CERTIFICATES AND RATINGS

**Includes Ground Instructor Certificates**
**Adds Powered Lift **
**Category **
**Instrument Rating**
**Flight Instructor Certificates **

**Notes:**
GROUND INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES ARE NOW IN PART 61  --  PART 143 IS REMOVED.  
THE GROUND INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES WERE NOT CHANGED.
POWERED-LIFT CATEGORY IS ADDED.  
NO SUCH CIVIL AIRCRAFT HAVE YET BEEN APPROVED.
TYPE RATING REQUIREMENTS FOR HELICOPTERS ARE THE SAME AS OTHER AIRCRAFT:
“LARGE AIRCRAFT OTHER THAN LIGHTER-THAN-AIR”
“OTHER AIRCRAFT TYPE RATINGS SPECIFIED BY THE ADMINISTRATOR THROUGH THE AIRCRAFT TYPE CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES”. 

## 61.5  CERTIFICATESAND RATINGS

**Helicopter Type Ratings**
**Large Aircraft or Specified by the Administrator **
**Removed The Type Rating Requirement for Small Helicopters At ATP Level**

**Notes:**
THE REQUIREMENT FOR A TYPE RATING FOR  “SMALL HELICOPTERS FOR OPERATIONS REQUIRING AN AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT CERTIFICATE” WAS REMOVED.

## No Limitation Allowed For Use of  an Aircraft Incapable of Performing Required Operations 

**No Limitation Allowed For Use of  an Aircraft Incapable of Performing Required Operations **

**Notes:**
VIDEO (Center Thrust):  AN APPLICANT SHOWS UP WITH A CENTER THRUST MULTI-ENGINE AIRPLANE AND THE EXAMINER CAN’T GIVE CHECKRIDE WITHOUT AN A/C WITHOUT A PUB. Vmc.
THE PROVISION WAS REMOVED THAT ONCE ALLOWED ISSUANCE OF A CERTIFICATE WITH “APPROPRIATE LIMITATIONS” WHEN AN AIRCRAFT IS CHARACTERISTICALLY  INCAPABLE OF PERFORMING A REQUIRED PILOT OPERATION”.
MULTI-ENGINE AIRCRAFT WITHOUT A PUBLISHED Vmc AND AIRCRAFT WITHOUT RUDDER CONTROL PEDALS CAN NO LONGER BE USED FOR PRACTICAL TESTS.

## 61.23 MEDICAL CERTIFICATES: DURATION  AND REQUIREMENT

**Medical Requirement Is Based on ****Privilege Exercised**
**Duration of 3rd Class Medical Certificates: **
**36 Months If Issued Before 40th Birthday**
**24 Months If Issued on or After 40th Birthday****	**

**Notes:**
MEDICAL CLASS REQUIREMENTS ARE SPECIFIED IN THIS SECTION BASED UPON THE “OPERATIONS REQUIRING A MEDICAL CERTIFICATE” ===>  PRIVILEGES EXERCISED.     
MAIN CHANGE:   A PERSON MUST HOLD AT LEAST A THIRD-CLASS MEDICAL PRIOR TO TAKING THE PRACTICAL TEST FOR   ANY   CERTIFICATE OR RATING,  EXCEPT GLIDER CATEGORY OR BALLOON CLASS RATINGS.     1ST & 2ND CLASS MEDICALS ARE NOT REQUIRED FOR ATP & COMMERCIAL TESTS.
3rd CLASS MEDICAL DURATION WAS CHANGED WITH REVISIONS AUGUST 1996:
ISSUED AFTER 9/16/96 AND BEFORE THE PERSON’S 40th BIRTHDAY ARE VALID FOR 36 MONTHS; ----  ISSUED ON/AFTER THE 40th BIRTHDAY ARE VALID FOR  24 MONTHS
NO CHANGE:  INSTRUCTORS ARE ONLY REQUIRED TO HAVE AT LEAST A 3rd CLASS MEDICAL WHEN ACTING AS   PIC OR REQUIRED CREW MEMBER, EXCEPT IN GLIDER CATEGORY.

## “Complex Airplane” 

**“****Complex Airplane” **
**Now a ****Regulatory**** Term **
**Requires Training & Endorsement - 61.31(e)**
**“****High Performance Airplane” **
_**An Engine **_**of More Than 200 Horsepower - 61.31(f)**

**Notes:**
VIDEO (Complex Airplanes): COMPLEX AIRPLANE IS NOW REGULATORY.
“COMPLEX AIRPLANE” IS NOW IN THE REGULATION. 
         COMPLEX AIRPLANE = FLAPS, PROP & GEAR. 
         COMPLEX SEAPLANE = FLAPS & PROP.  
TRAINING AND ONE-TIME ENDORSEMENT IS REQUIRED TO ACT AS PIC.  (NOT REQUIRED IF TIME LOGGED PRIOR TO effective date).

“HIGH PERFORMANCE AIRPLANE” IS A SEPARATE TRAINING AND ONE-TIME ENDORSEMENT REQUIREMENT TO ACT AS PIC. (NOT REQUIRED IF TIME LOGGED PRIOR TO effective date).
 THE DEFINITION IS CHANGED TO  “AN ENGINE OF MORE THAN 200 HORSEPOWER.”   
NOW MANY LIGHT TWIN AIRPLANES ARE “COMPLEX”,  BUT NOT “HIGH PERFORMANCE”.

## 61.31  TYPE  RATING,  ADDITIONAL TRAINING,  &  AUTHORIZATION REQUIREMENTS 

**“****Type Specific Training” Endorsement (e.g., R-22) - 61.31(h)**
**Logbook Training Endorsements for “Ground Tow”, “Aero Tow” and “Self Launch” Replace Limitations Shown on Certificates**

**Notes:**
“TYPE SPECIFIC TRAINING”:  ADDITIONAL TRAINING REQUIRED BY THE AIRCRAFT’S TYPE CERTIFICATE WHEN THE ADMINISTRATOR HAS DETERMINED SUCH TRAINING IS REQUIRED (e.g.,  R-22). 
TO ACT AS PIC A PERSON MUST HAVE RECEIVED AND LOGGED “TYPE SPECIFIC TRAINING” PLUS RECEIVED AN  ENDORSEMENT OF PROFICIENCY 
USE OF APPROVED REPRESENTATIVE FLIGHT SIMULATOR OR TRAINING DEVICE IS ALLOWED, FOR THE “COMPLEX”, “HIGH PERFORMANCE”, AND “TYPE SPECIFIC” TRAINING.
GLIDER CERTIFICATES WILL NO LONGER BE ISSUED WITH THE LIMITATIONS: “GROUND-TOW ONLY”, “AERO TOW ONLY”, OR “SELF-LAUNCH ONLY”.  
THE AIRMAN’S LOGBOOK WILL INDICATE THE LAUNCH METHOD/PRIVILEGE INITIALLY PASSED IN THE CERTIFICATION CHECK RIDE. ADDITIONAL TRAINING AND ENDORSEMENT OF PROFICIENCY WILL ADD LAUNCH PRIVILEGES.

## Third-Class  Medical  for  Practical Tests  (If a Medical Is Required)

**Third-Class  Medical  for  Practical Tests  (If a Medical Is Required)**
**All Applicants Must Meet Age Requirement for Certificate Issuance**

**Notes:**
A FIRST CLASS MEDICAL FOR AN ATP PRACTICAL TEST OR SECOND CLASS MEDICAL FOR A COMMERCIAL PRACTICAL TEST IS NO LONGER REQUIRED.   ALL THAT IS  REQUIRED IS A THIRD CLASS MEDICAL SO THAT THE APPLICANT CAN BE THE PILOT-IN-COMMAND.

ATP PRACTICAL TEST APPLICANTS MUST NOW BE 23 YEARS OF AGE AS INDICATED IN 61.153.  THE EXEMPTIONS TO AGE REQUIREMENT FOR AIRPLANE ATP APPLICANTS THAT ALLOWED THE TEST AT AGE 18 NO LONGER EXIST.

## Expired Knowledge Test Report May Be Used By An ATP Applicant If:

**Employed As Flight Crewmember by Part 121, 125, or 135 Certificate Holder**
**Accomplished Approved PIC Qualification Program and Training**

_**61.39**_**  **_**PREREQUISITES  FOR  PRACTICAL  TESTS**_

**Notes:**
THE PRACTICAL TEST FOR ATP MAY BE ADMINISTERED TO AN APPLICANT WITH AN EXPIRED KNOWLEDGE TEST REPORT IF, AT THE TIME OF THE PRACTICAL TEST THE APPLICANT IS EMPLOYED BY 121,125, OR 135 CERTIFICATE HOLDER AND MEETS THE PIC AIRCRAFT QUALIFICATION TRAINING PROGRAM REQUIREMENT. THE PART 135 OPERATOR IS NO LONGER REQUIRED TO BE A “COMMUTER AIR CARRIER”. 
EMPLOYMENT IN SCHEDULED U. S. MILITARY TRANSPORTATION AND PIC TRAINING ALSO QUALIFIES.
THE REGULATION DOES NOT STATE THE PREVIOUS REQUIREMENT: “Within the Period Ending 24 Calendar Months After the Month in Which the Applicant Passed the First of Any Required Written Tests, Was Employed ......”

## ENGLISH LANGUAGE  REQUIREMENTS

**61.65,  61.75,  61.83,  61.96,  61.103,  61.123,  61.153**
**Read, Speak, **_**WRITE**_**, and Understand English**
**Inability Due to ****Medical**** Condition**
**   ****Operating Limitations on Certificate**

**Notes:**
VIDEO (English Language): AN INSPECTOR ILLUSTRATES THE IMPORTANCE OF THE USE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
	A NEW LEVEL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE REQUIREMENT HAS BEEN ADDED TO INSTRUMENT, RESTRICTED, STUDENT, RECREATIONAL, PRIVATE, COMMERCIAL, AND AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT RATINGS OR CERTIFICATES.  (PARAGRAPHS LISTED)
ABILITY TO WRITE THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE WAS ADDED.
THE ONLY EXCEPTION TO THE REQUIREMENT IS FOR MEDICAL PROBLEMS.  IF UNABLE DUE TO MEDICAL LIMITATION,  ( SUCH AS HEARING ), APPROPRIATE OPERATING LIMITATIONS WILL BE PLACED ON THE APPLICANT’S PILOT CERTIFICATE AS NECESSARY FOR THE SAFE OPERATION OF THE AIRCRAFT.

## 61.43  PRACTICAL TESTS: GENERAL

**Tasks Specified In “Areas of Operation” in PTS**
**Discontinuance of Test **
**Weather, Airworthiness, and Safety Concerns**
**Credit For Up To 60 Days**

**Notes:**
“APPLICANT MUST SAFELY PERFORM TASKS SPECIFIED IN AREAS OF OPERATION” 
Replaces:   “Required pilot operations ... procedures and maneuvers.”

INCLUDES IN THE REGULATION: DISCONTINUANCE OF TEST FOR WEATHER, AIRWORTHINESS, AND SAFETY CONCERNS
LIMITS TO  60 DAYS  THE ENTITLEMENT TO CREDIT FOR THOSE AREAS OF OPERATION THAT WERE SATISFACTORILY COMPLETED

## Required Controls

**Required Controls**
**Engine & Flight Controls That Are Operable in a ****Conventional**** Manner**
**Aircraft With Single Controls**
**Observed by an Examiner  “Who Is in a ****Position to Observe ****the Applicant.”**

**Notes:**
“AN AIRCRAFT (OTHER THAN LIGHTER-THAN-AIR) USED FOR A PRACTICAL TEST MUST HAVE ENGINE POWER CONTROLS AND FLIGHT CONTROLS THAT ARE EASILY REACHED AND OPERABLE IN A CONVENTIONAL MANNER BY BOTH PILOTS.”
PREVIOUSLY STATED: OPERABLE IN A “NORMAL” MANNER.  IN AN AIRCRAFT MODIFIED FOR A PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED PILOT, “NORMAL” AND “CONVENTIONAL” MAY HAVE DIFFERENT MEANINGS.
AIRCRAFT WITH SINGLE CONTROLS: 
“(3) PROFICIENCY OF THE APPLICANT CAN BE OBSERVED BY AN EXAMINER WHO IS ON THE GROUND, IN ANOTHER AIRCRAFT, OR EVEN (BRAVELY) IN THE SAME AIRCRAFT AS LONG AS THE REQUIREMENTS OF 61.45(e) ARE MET:   (1)AGREES TO CONDUCT; (2) NO INSTRUMENT DEMONSTRATION;     (3) IN A POSITION TO OBSERVE.

## 61.49  RETESTING AFTER  FAILURE

**No   30 - Day Delay for Retesting**
**Required Endorsement:**
**Received the  “****Necessary Training****” ****From an Authorized Instructor  ...  **
**Is Determined to Be Proficient to Pass the Test**

**Notes:**
VIDEO:  RON HAS TO RETAKE THE TEST A NUMBER OF TIMES.
THERE IS NO WAITING PERIOD REQUIRED.   
AN APPLICANT MAY RETURN FOR A RETEST (1St or 15Th Time) THE FOLLOWING DAY IF AN ENDORSEMENT HAS BEEN MADE THAT THE “NECESSARY TRAINING”  HAS BEEN ACCOMPLISHED AND THE APPLICANT IS PROFICIENT TO PASS THE TEST (RECOMMENDATION). 

## 61.51  PILOT  LOGBOOKS

**Acceptable to the Administrator**
**Student May Log Pilot-In-Command When: **
**Sole Occupant**
**Has Solo Flight Endorsement**
**Training or Experience for a Pilot Certificate or Aircraft Rating**

**Notes:**
TRAINING TIME AND AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE MUST BE DOCUMENTED AND RECORDED IN A MANNER “ACCEPTABLE TO THE ADMINISTRATOR” RATHER THAN “SHOWN BY A RELIABLE RECORD”.   
THE ACCEPTABLE MANNER IS EITHER TRAINING RECORDS OR LOGBOOK.  A NAPKIN OR SCRATCH PAPER IS NOT ACCEPTABLE..
NOW A STUDENT PILOT MAY LEGALLY LOG PILOT-IN-COMMAND TIME IF THE THREE REQUIREMENTS IN 61.51(e)(4) ARE MET.
PREVIOUSLY, THERE WAS NO PROVISION FOR A STUDENT PILOT TO LOG PIC (EXCEPT IN AIRSHIPS).  AS SOON AS THE PERSON RECEIVED THEIR RECREATIONAL OR PRIVATE CERTIFICATE ALL SOLO TIME COULD ALSO BE ENTERED IN THE PIC COLUMN. 

## Training Time

**Training Time**
**Authorized Instructor**
**Aircraft or ****Approved**** Simulator or Training Device**
**Logbook Endorsed in a ****Legible Manner**
**Description and Length, Signature, Certificate Number, and Expiration Date**

**Notes:**
VIDEO (Approved Simulator): DENZEL FLYS  A    LAPTOP COMPUTER.
TRAINING TIME MAY BE LOGGED WHEN THE TRAINING IS RECEIVED FROM AN AUTHORIZED INSTRUCTOR IN AN AIRCRAFT, APPROVED FLIGHT SIMULATOR, OR APPROVED FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICE.
THE TRAINING MUST BE LOGGED IN A LOGBOOK.
YES, THE REGULATION SAYS “IN A LOGBOOK”

THE TRAINING MUST BE ENDORSED IN A LEGIBLE MANNER BY THE AUTHORIZED INSTRUCTOR; AND

INCLUDE THE DESCRIPTION OF THE TRAINING GIVEN, THE LENGTH OF THE TRAINING LESSON, AND THE INSTRUCTOR’S SIGNATURE, CERTIFICATE NUMBER, AND CERTIFICATE EXPIRATION DATE.

## 61.57  RECENT  FLIGHT EXPERIENCE:   IFR

**Within Preceding 6 Calendar Months:**
**6 Approaches**
**Holding Procedures**
**Intercepting & Tracking Courses Using Navigation Systems**

**Notes:**
RECENT INSTRUMENT EXPERIENCE REQUIRED TO ACT AS PIC UNDER IFR OR LESS THAN VFR MINIMUMS:
AT LEAST SIX INSTRUMENT APPROACHES;
HOLDING PROCEDURES; AND
INTERCEPTING AND TRACKING COURSES THROUGH THE USE OF NAVIGATION SYSTEMS.

THESE REQUIREMENTS MAY BE MET IN ACTUAL FLIGHT IN APPROPRIATE CATEGORY, OR AN APPROVED FLIGHT SIMULATOR OR TRAINING DEVICE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE AIRCRAFT CATEGORY FOR INSTRUMENT PRIVILEGES SOUGHT.
NO SPECIFIED AMOUNT OF FLIGHT TIME IS REQUIRED.  
“NAVIGATION SYSTEMS” ALLOWS GPS, LORAN OR YET TO BE DEVELOPED SYSTEMS.

## Consisting of a Representative Number of Tasks Required by the Instrument Rating Practical Test

**Consisting of a Representative Number of Tasks Required by the Instrument Rating Practical Test**

**Notes:**
NO SPECIFICATION OF THE MEANING OF “REPRESENTATIVE NUMBER”.

THE PROFICIENCY CHECK  MAY BE CONDUCTED IN AN APPROVED FLIGHT SIMULATOR OR FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICE THAT IS REPRESENTATIVE OF THE AIRCRAFT CATEGORY (OTHER THAN A GLIDER).

## 61.63(d),(h) & (i)  ADDITIONAL TYPE  RATING (Other  Than  ATP)

**IFR Rating and Competency Demonstration Required**
**Exception Only When Using An Aircraft Incapable of  IFR  by Type Certificate**
**Limited to “VFR ONLY”**

**Notes:**
61.63(d)(1)  “MUST HOLD OR CONCURRENTLY OBTAIN AN  INSTRUMENT RATING ...” 
61.63(d)(5)  “MUST PERFORM THE PRACTICAL TEST UNDER INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES, UNLESS THE PRACTICAL TEST CANNOT BE ACCOMPLISHED UNDER INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES BECAUSE THE AIRCRAFT’S TYPE CERTIFICATE MAKES THE AIRCRAFT INCAPABLE OF OPERATING UNDER INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES.”
THERE IS NO LONGER A PROVISION THAT AN APPLICANT MAY BE ELIGIBLE WITHOUT AN INSTRUMENT RATING.  AND NO LONGER CAN THE APPLICANT CHOOSE NOT TO PERFORM INSTRUMENT COMPETENCY AND OBTAIN  A TYPE RATING WITH  THE “VFR ONLY” LIMITATION. 
PARAGRAPHS  (h) & (i) ALSO DETAIL APPLICATION AND REMOVAL OF THE “VFR ONLY” LIMITATION

## 61.63 (e) (f) & (g) ADDITIONAL TYPE  RATING (Other  Than  ATP)

**  ****Use of Approved Simulator or Training Device**
**Shall Be Conducted in Accordance With an Approved Course at a Training Center Certificated   Under Part 142**

**Notes:**
ADDITION OF CATEGORY CLASS OR TYPE RATING TO OTHER THAN AN ATP CERTIFICATE USING AN APPROVED FLIGHT SIMULATOR OR FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICE MUST BE ACCOMPLISHED IN AN APPROVED COURSE CONDUCTED BY A TRAINING CENTER CERTIFIED UNDER PART 142.  

THE EXPERIENCE AND RATINGS THAT AN APPLICANT MUST HAVE ARE SET FORTH IN THESE PARAGRAPHS. 

## 61.65(a)  INSTRUMENT RATING  REQUIREMENTS

**Total Time**

**X/C**

**Notes:**
NO MINIMUM TOTAL TIME IS REQUIRED FOR ELIGIBILITY.
50 HOURS CROSS-COUNTRY TIME NO LONGER SPECIFIES THAT IT MUST BE ACQUIRED AS OTHER THAN A STUDENT PILOT.

## 61.65(a)  INSTRUMENT 

**Testing Approach Procedures in Training Device Are Limited to ****One**** Precision and ****One**** Nonprecision Approach**

_**61.65(a)**_**  **_**INSTRUMENT **_
_**RATING  REQUIREMENTS**_

**Notes:**
SHORT KNOWLEDGE TESTS ARE NOT REQUIRED FOR AN INSTRUMENT RATING IN THE THE OTHER CATEGORY IF THE APPLICANT ALREADY HOLDS AN INSTRUMENT RATING.  61.65(a)(7)
IF AN APPROVED FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICE IS USED FOR TESTING, ONLY TWO OF  THE REQUIRED INSTRUMENT APPROACHES (ONE PRECISION AND ONE NONPRECISION)  MAY BE TESTED PROVIDED THE DEVICE IS APPROVED FOR THOSE APPROACHES.   TESTING IN A TRAINING DEVICE IS NOT LIMITED TO ONLY THESE APPROACHES.  61.65(a)(8)(ii)

## Cross-Country Time

**At Least One Landing More Than 50nm/25nm From Original Departure**
**For Instrument-Airplane At Least 10 Hours of the 50 Hours X/C  Must Be In Airplanes **** **

_**61.65(d)**_**  **_**INSTRUMENT RATING  REQUIREMENTS**_

**Notes:**
AT LEAST ONE LANDING MUST BE MADE AT A POINT MORE THAN 50 nm (AIRPLANE) OR 25Nnm(ROTORCRAFT) FROM THE ORIGINAL POINT OF DEPARTURE 61.1(3)(ii) & (iii).
IF THE RATING IS TO BE “INSTRUMENT AIRPLANE”,  AT LEAST  10 HOURS OF THE CROSS-COUNTRY PILOT-IN-COMMAND TIME MUST BE IN AIRPLANES
PREVIOUSLY,  50 HOURS CROSS COUNTRY FLIGHT AS PILOT-IN-COMMAND IN A POWERED AIRCRAFT WAS REQUIRED AND ONLY 5 HOURS INSTRUMENT TRAINING WAS REQUIRED IN AIRPLANE OR HELICOPTER, AS APPROPRIATE

## Cross-Country Training  (250 NM-Airplane, 100 NM-Helicopter)

**Cross-Country Training  ****(250 NM-Airplane, 100 NM-Helicopter)**
**On an Activated Instrument  Flight Plan**
**Along Airways  or  ATC-Directed Routing**
**Instrument Approach At Each Airport**
**3 Different Kinds of Approaches Using Navigation Systems**

**Notes:**
THE 250 NM  X/C FLIGHT DISTANCE (100 FOR HELICOPTER) IS ALONG AIRWAYS OR AS ATC-DIRECTED;  
NO LONGER STRAIGHT LINE, AIRPORT TO AIRPORT.
“PERFORMED UNDER IFR” = ON ACTIVATED FLIGHT PLAN
AN INSTRUMENT APPROACH IS REQUIRED AT EACH AIRPORT USED AS A DESTINATION.  A MINIMUM OF TWO AIRPORTS -- ONE MORE THAN 50/25 NM FROM DEPARTURE POINT
NDB APPROACHES ARE NO LONGER REQUIRED, UNLESS THE EXAMINER REQUESTS SUCH APPROACH
.  “USE OF NAVIGATION SYSTEMS” FOR THE THREE APPROACHES ALLOWS SUCH SYSTEMS AS GPS OR LORAN. 

## Instrument Training 

**Instrument Training **
**Total of 40 Hours  Is Still Required**
**15 Hours in Category**
**3 Hours ****In Previous 60 Days**

**Notes:**
A TOTAL OF 40 HOURS  OF ACTUAL OR SIMULATED INSTRUMENT TIME IS STILL REQUIRED
AT LEAST 15 HOURS OF INSTRUMENT TRAINING FROM AN AUTHORIZED INSTRUCTOR IS REQUIRED IN THE AIRCRAFT CATEGORY FOR WHICH THE INSTRUMENT RATING IS SOUGHT
PREVIOUSLY ONLY 5 HOURS WAS REQUIRED
3 HOURS OF INSTRUMENT TRAINING FROM AN AUTHORIZED INSTRUCTOR IS REQUIRED WITHIN 60 DAYS PRECEDING THE DATE OF THE TEST
PREVIOUSLY,  “SOME INSTRUCTION” WITHIN THE 60 DAYS PRECEDING THE TEST WAS REQUIRED.

## 61.65(e)  INSTRUMENT RATING  REQUIREMENTS

** ****Use of *****Approved***** Simulator / Training Device**
**Maximum 30 Hours  In Part 142 Training Center Program**
**Maximum 20 Hours When Not In Part 142 Training Program**

**Notes:**
THE MAXIMUM OF 20 HOURS TRAINING IN AN APPROVED SIMULATOR OR TRAINING DEVICE REMAINS UNCHANGED,

EXCEPT; 
UP TO 30 HOURS OF INSTRUMENT  TRAINING MAY BE  ACCOMPLISHED IN A SIMULATOR OR TRAINING DEVICE IF ACCOMPLISHED IN ACCORDANCE WITH A PART 142 TRAINING CENTER PROGRAM

## U.S. Restricted Private Pilot Certificates ONLY. 

**U.S. Restricted **_**Private**_** Pilot Certificates **_**ONLY**_**. **

**Notes:**
VIDEO (Private Only):  ED WANTS TO GET A RESTRICTED COMMERCIAL PILOT CERT. FOR FOREIGN ATP.

ONLY THE FSDO CAN MAKE ORIGINAL ISSUANCE OF RESTRICTED CERTIFICATES.  YOU MAY ADD RATINGS/PRIVILEGES.   THIS CHANGE REALLY ONLY EFFECTS THE FSDO.
U.S. RESTRICTED PRIVATE PILOT CERTIFICATE IS THE HIGHEST LEVEL THAT CAN BE ISSUED BY THE FSDO REGARDLESS OF THE LEVEL OF FOREIGN PILOT LICENSE HELD.
THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE REQUIREMENT APPLIES, AS ALREADY NOTED.

## 10 Hours Solo Flight 

**AIRPLANE - SE & ME AND POWERED LIFT**
**10**** Hours Solo Flight **
**5 Hours Solo X/C**
**One Solo X/C Flight **
**At Least ****150 ****NM Total**
**50 NM Straight-Line Segment**
**Landings at Three Airports**
**Operating Control Tower  ****(3 TO/LDGs)**
- Flight In Traffic Pattern for 3 Landings

**Notes:**
AT LEAST 10 HOURS SOLO FLIGHT IS REQUIRED 
	(WAS  20  HOURS  SOLO)
5 HOURS SOLO CROSS COUNTRY IS REQUIRED
	(WAS  10  HOURS  SOLO X/C)
ONE SOLO CROSS COUNTRY FLIGHT MUST BE AT LEAST 150 NAUTICAL MILES TOTAL DISTANCE, 
WITH FULL-STOP LANDINGS AT A MINIMUM OF THREE POINTS.
AND ONE SEGMENT OF THE FLIGHT CONSISTING OF A STRAIGHT-LINE DISTANCE OF AT LEAST 50 NAUTICAL MILES BETWEEN THE TAKEOFF AND LANDING LOCATIONS
STILL REQUIRED:  THREE TAKEOFFS AND THREE LANDINGS TO A FULL STOP AT  AN AIRPORT WITH AN OPERATING CONTROL TOWER, BUT NOW THE REQUIREMENT CALLS FOR FLIGHT IN THE TRAFFIC PATTERN WITH EACH LANDING.   THIS REQUIREMENT DOES NOT HAVE TO BE MET DURING THE LONG CROSS-COUNTRY.

## 3 Hours Instrument Training

**ADDED REQUIREMENTS FOR AIRPLANE - SE & ME **
**AND POWERED LIFT**
**3 Hours Instrument Training**
**One Night X/C Over**** 100 NM ****Total**
_**Required:**_** 10 Night Takeoffs & Landings to a Full Stop**
***Each Landing Involving Flight***
***in the Traffic Pattern***

**Notes:**
REMEMBER, THESE ARE THE ADDED REQUIREMENTS -- NOT ALL THE REQUIREMENTS.
3 HOURS OF INSTRUMENT FLIGHT TRAINING
THE PREVIOUS REQUIREMENT FOR THREE HOURS OF NIGHT FLIGHT TRAINING REMAINS, BUT NOW HAS THE ADDED REQUIREMENT FOR A NIGHT CROSS COUNTRY TRAINING FLIGHT OF OVER 100 NAUTICAL MILES TOTAL DISTANCE .
10 TAKEOFFS AND LANDINGS TO FULL STOP AT NIGHT ARE NO LONGER AN OPTION .   EXCEPT FOR TRAINING IN ALASKA, THE 10 TAKEOFFS AND LANDINGS ARE REQUIRED BEFORE ELIGIBILITY FOR THE PRACTICAL TEST.
EACH LANDING MUST INVOLVE FLIGHT IN THE TRAFFIC PATTERN AT AN AIRPORT.

## 61.109(c)(d)  AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE -- FOR PRIVATE PILOT CERTIFICATE

**ADDED REQUIREMENTS FOR **
**HELICOPTER AND GYROPLANE**
**One Night X/C *****Over 50 NM  *****Total**
_**Required:**_** 10 Night Takeoffs & Landings to a Full Stop**
***Each Landing Involving Flight***
***in the Traffic Pattern***

**Notes:**
THE TOTAL DISTANCE REQUIREMENT  FOR THE NIGHT CROSS COUNTRY TRAINING FLIGHT IS THE ONLY DIFFERENCE IN REQUIREMENTS FOR HELICOPTER AND GYROPLANE FROM THOSE FOR AIRPLANE & POWERED LIFT.

## 61.109(h)  AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE -- FOR PRIVATE PILOT CERTIFICATE

**BALLOON -- AIRBORNE HEATER**
**Changes:**
**2 Flights of ****1 Hour ****Each Within 60 Days Prior to Test**
**1 Controlled Ascent to ****2,000’ ****Above Launch Site**

**Notes:**
PREVIOUSLY,  THE TWO FLIGHTS WERE REQUIRED TO BE ONLY (AT LEAST) 30 MINUTES IN DURATION AND THERE WAS NO SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT FOR PREPARATION WITHIN 60 DAYS PRIOR TO THE PRACTICAL TEST. 
ALSO, THE ASCENT PREVIOUSLY REQUIRED WAS TO 3,000 FEET ABOVE THE LAUNCH SITE.

REQUIREMENTS REMAINING:
IN ADDITION TO THE REQUIREMENTS SHOWN ON THE SLIDE, THE PREVIOUS REQUIREMENTS REMAIN:
10 HOURS OF FLIGHT TRAINING INCLUDING AT LEAST 6 TRAINING FLIGHTS WITH:
AT LEAST ONE SOLO FLIGHT
PLUS REQUIREMENTS SHOWN ON THE VISUAL.

## Credit for Training in an Approved Flight Simulator or Training Device

**Credit for Training in an *****Approved***** Flight Simulator or Training Device**
**Maximum of   2.5  Hours**
**When Accomplished in a Course at a Training Center**
**Maximum   5  Hours**

**Notes:**
A MAXIMUM OF 2.5 HOURS CREDIT MAY BE TAKEN FOR TRAINING BY AN AUTHORIZED INSTRUCTOR IN AN APPROVED FLIGHT SIMULATOR OR TRAINING DEVICE 
IF THE TRAINING WAS ACCOMPLISHED IN A COURSE CONDUCTED BY A TRAINING CENTER CERTIFICATED UNDER PART 142, A MAXIMUM OF 5 HOURS CREDIT MAY BE USED.
A TOTAL OF   35 HOURS   OF AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE WILL MEET THE REQUIREMENTS FOR A PRIVATE PILOT CERTIFICATE (AIRPLANE, ROTORCRAFT, POWERED-LIFT) IF THE APPLICANT SATISFACTORILY HAS COMPLETED AN APPROVED PRIVATE PILOT COURSE CONDUCTED BY A TRAINING CENTER -PART 142.

## 61.110  NIGHT FLIGHT TRAINING EXCEPTION -- FOR PRIVATE PILOT CERTIFICATE

**Resident of, and Receiving Training in ALASKA**
**May Receive “Night Flying Prohibited” Limitation**
**Must Accomplish Requirements Within 12-Calendar Months--Invalid If Not**

**Notes:**
EXCEPT WHEN A PERSON RESIDING IN ALASKA IS RECEIVING TRAINING IN ALASKA, THE NIGHT TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, AND TAKEOFFS AND LANDINGS ARE REQUIRED. THERE IS NO OTHER EXCEPTION ALLOWING THE “NIGHT FLYING PROHIBITED” LIMITATION.
HOWEVER, THE REQUIREMENTS MUST BE ACCOMPLISHED AND LOGGED WITHIN THE 12-CALENDAR-MONTH.   THE LIMITATION MAY BE REMOVED BY PRESENTATION OF RECORDS TO AN EXAMINER.
IF COMPLIANCE DOES NOT OCCUR, THE CERTIFICATE WILL BECOME INVALID UNTIL COMPLIANCE .

## 61.129  AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE-- FOR COMMERCIAL CERTIFICATE

**AIRPLANE - SE & ME AND POWERED-LIFT**
**20 Hours ****of Training   Including:**
**10 Hours  Gear, Flap, Prop -- ****Or Turbine-Powered **
**3 Hours Preparation Within 60 Days Prior to Test**
**10 Hours Instrument (at Least 5 Hours in ...)**

**Notes:**
THESE REQUIREMENTS ARE FOR INITIAL APPLICATION FOR COMMERCIAL  --  NOT ADD-ON  (SEE 61.63(c)(4))
20 HOURS OF TRAINING ON THE AREAS OF OPERATIONS  ----  (PREVIOUSLY 50 HOURS)
10 HOURS TRAINING IN AIRPLANE WITH  RETRACTABLE GEAR, FLAPS, AND CONTROLLABLE PITCH PROP  OR TURBINE-POWERED
3 HOURS IN PREPARATION FOR THE PRACTICAL TEST WITHIN THE 60-DAY PERIOD PRECEDING THE DATE OF THE TEST
THIS REPLACES THE PREVIOUS REQUIREMENT OF 10 HOURS IN PREPARATION FOR THE TEST. HOWEVER, THE 10 HOURS WERE NOT REQUIRED WITHIN ANY SPECIFIED TIME PRIOR TO THE TEST
10 HOURS OF INSTRUMENT TRAINING IS NOT A CHANGE.  5 HOURS OF THIS IS REQUIRED IN A SINGLE ENGINE, MULTI-ENGINE OR POWERED-LIFT AS APPROPRIATE

## 61.129  AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE-- FOR COMMERCIAL CERTIFICATE

**AIRPLANE, ROTORCRAFT, AND POWERED-LIFT**
**Two Cross Country Training Flights**
- 1 Day VFR & 1 Night VFR -- 2 Hours Each
- Landing More Than (***) NM From Original Departure    (100nm Airplane & P-L,     50nm Rotorcraft)

**Notes:**
1 X/C AT LEAST 2 HOURS IN DAY VFR, CONSISTING OF A TOTAL STRAIGHT-LINE DISTANCE OF MORE THAN (***) NM FROM THE ORIGINAL POINT OF DEPARTURE
1 X/C AT LEAST 2 HOURS IN NIGHT VFR, CONSISTING OF A TOTAL STRAIGHT-LINE DISTANCE OF MORE THAN (***) NM FROM THE ORIGINAL POINT OF DEPARTURE
***  100NM FOR AIRPLANE & POWERED-LIFT
***    50 NM FOR BOTH HELICOPTER AND GYROCOPTER

## 61.129  AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE-- FOR COMMERCIAL CERTIFICATE

**AIRPLANE,  POWERED-LIFT & ROTORCRAFT**
**10 Hours Solo ****In Single-engine, P-L, & RC  **
**10 Hours Performing PIC With an Authorized Instructor - In Multiengine,    ****That**** ****Includes --**
**One **_**Solo**_** X/C Not Less Than *****300nm Total Distance     ****(*No Minimum For Rotorcraft)**
**Landing at 3 Points**
**One Landing at Least  *250nm ****Straight-Line From ****Original Departure.    (* 50nm Rotorcraft)**

**Notes:**
NOW THERE IS A SOLO CROSS-COUNTRY TIME REQUIREMENT (NO NEIGHBOR, FAMILY OR OTHER PILOT) OF 10 HOURS  IN THE SINGLE ENGINE, POWERED LIFT AND ROTORCRAFT.
THE MULTIENGINE 10 HOURS MUST BE WHILE PERFORMING THE DUTIES OF PIC WITH A CFI
THE 10 HOURS INCLUDE A X/C ---WITH LANDINGS AT A MINIMUM OF  THREE POINTS, ONE OF WHICH IS AT LEAST 250 NM FROM ORIGINAL DEPARTURE FOR AIRPLANES AN POWERED-LIFT.  50NM FOR ROTORCRAFT. 
“OF NOT LESS THAN 300 NAUTICAL MILES” TOTAL DISTANCE AGREES WITH ICAO CROSS COUNTRY REQUIREMENTS, BUT DOES NOT APPLY TO ROTORCRAFT.   NORMALLY, AN APPLICANT WOULD HAVE MADE A TRIP OF AT LEAST 500nm UNLESS THE AIRPLANE WAS LEFT SOMEWHERE FOR REPAIRS AND ANOTHER PILOT BROUGHT IT HOME.  

## 61.129  AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE-- FOR COMMERCIAL CERTIFICATE

**The 10 Hours Solo Single-engine,  P-L & Rotorcraft or While  Performing PIC With an Authorized Instructor  In Multiengine,   ****Is Also To Include ****--**
**5 Hours Solo Night VFR**
**10 Takeoffs/Landings Involving Flight in Traffic Pattern With an Operating Control Tower *********    ****(*********Control Tower Not Required For Rotorcraft)**

**Notes:**
FIVE HOURS SOLO NIGHT FOR TAKE-OFFS AND LANDINGS IS REQUIRED IN SINGLE-ENGINE, POWERED-LIFT AND ROTORCRAFT.  IN MULTI-ENGINE THIS MUST BE WHILE PERFORMING DUTIES OF PIC WITH AN AUTHORIZED INSTRUCTOR.  
EACH OF THE TEN LANDINGS MUST INVOLVE FLIGHT IN THE TRAFFIC PATTERN. 
“OPERATING CONTROL TOWER” IS REQUIRED TO MEET THIS REQUIREMENT FOR AIRPLANE AND POWERED-LIFT, BUT IS NOT REQUIRED FOR HELICOPTER AND GYROPLANE PATTERN OPERATIONS.

## 61.129  AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE-- FOR COMMERCIAL CERTIFICATE

**HELICOPTER  &  GYROPLANE**
**Instrument Training  **_***In An Aircraft***_
**10 Hrs For Helicopter Applicants**
**5 Hrs For Gyroplane Applicants**

**Notes:**
NOW INSTRUMENT TRAINING IS REQUIRED FOR HELICOPTER OR GYROPLANE COMMERCIAL APPLICANTS.  THE MINIMUM TRAINING MUST BE IN AN AIRCRAFT.   THE REQUIREMENT CAN BE MET WITH THE INSTRUMENT TRAINING IN AN AIRPLANE.

## AND-----

**3 Hours of Flight Training,  or  10 Training Flights**
**3 Training Flights Within 60 Days Prior to Test**
_**AND-----**_

_**61.129**_**  **_**AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE**_**-- ****FOR COMMERCIAL CERTIFICATE**

**Notes:**
REGARDLESS OF TOTAL FLIGHT EXPERIENCE THESE REQUIREMENTS FOR A GLIDER COMMERCIAL CERTIFICATE APPLY:
THREE HOURS OF FLIGHT TRAINING OR TEN TRAINING FLIGHTS IN GLIDERS IN THE LISTED AREAS OF OPERATIONS
AND
THREE TRAINING FLIGHTS IN PREPARATION FOR THE PRACTICAL TEST WITHIN THE 60-DAY PERIOD PRECEDING THE DATE OF THE TEST
PLUS THE REQUIREMENTS ON THE NEXT SLIDE

## 61.129  AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE-- FOR COMMERCIAL GLIDER CERTIFICATE

**2 Hours Solo Including At Least 10 Flights**
**If Applicant Has 200 Hours in Heavier-Than-Air, and 20 Flights in Gliders As PIC**
** ****5 Solo Flights**

_**61.129**_**  **_**AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE**_**-- ****FOR COMMERCIAL GLIDER CERTIFICATE**

**Notes:**
THE COMMON REQUIREMENTS SHOWN ON THE PREVIOUS VISUAL
PLUS THE FOLLOWING:
(PREVIOUSLY, EXPERIENCE REQUIRED 25 HOURS IN AIRCRAFT, OF WHICH 20 HOURS HAD TO BE IN GLIDERS.)
NOW,   ALL 25 HOURS MUST BE GLIDER AND WITH 100 FLIGHTS IN GLIDERS AS PIC
2 HOURS OF SOLO FLIGHT THAT  INCLUDES NOT LESS THAN 10 SOLO FLIGHTS IN GLIDERS;
WITH 200 HOURS IN HEAVIER-THAN-AIR, AND 20 FLIGHTS IN GLIDERS AS PIC
5 SOLO FLIGHTS

## 61.129  AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE-- FOR COMMERCIAL CERTIFICATE

**10 Hours Training Including At Least 10 Flights**
**2 Flights of   1 Hour Within 60 Days of Test**
**Controlled Ascent to 3,000 Feet Above ****Launch Site**

_**61.129**_**  **_**AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE**_**-- ****FOR COMMERCIAL CERTIFICATE**

**Notes:**
ADDED:
10 HOURS FLIGHT TRAINING THAT INCLUDES AT LEAST 10 TRAINING FLIGHTS 
2 TRAINING FLIGHTS OF 1 HOUR EACH WITHIN 60 DAYS PRIOR TO APPLICATION FOR THE RATING.
CHANGED:
ONE FLIGHT INVOLVING A CONTROLLED ASCENT TO 3,000 FEET ABOVE THE LAUNCH SITE.
PREVIOUSLY CONTROLLED ASCENT WAS REQUIRED TO 5,000 FEET ABOVE THE TAKEOFF POINT.

## 61.153  ELIGIBILITY FOR  ATP

**Instrument  Rating Now Required**
**Standard Certificate**
**Military Experience**
**Foreign**
**Knowledge Test Without Specified ATP   Experience Requirement**
**At Least 23 Years Old**

**Notes:**
PREVIOUSLY, AN INSTRUMENT RATING WAS NOT REQUIRED.
NOW - ALL APPLICANTS FOR AN ATP CERTIFICATE (AIRPLANE OR ROTORCRAFT)  MUST HOLD AT LEAST A COMMERCIAL AND AN INSTRUMENT RATING
IF USING MILITARY COMMERCIAL EQUIVALENT QUALIFICATIONS (61.73) THE APPLICANT ALSO MUST QUALIFY FOR AN INSTRUMENT RATING.
FOREIGN ATP OR FOREIGN COMMERCIAL WITH INSTRUMENT RATING ISSUED BY A CONTRACTING STATE TO THE ICAO WILL ALSO QUALIFY.
MEETING THE EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENT IS NO LONGER REQUIRED BEFORE TAKING THE KNOWLEDGE TEST.
NO MORE PRACTICAL TESTING AT 18 AND A LETTER ISSUED.

## Type Ratings From Private or Commercial Certificate ==> ATP

**Type Ratings From Private or Commercial Certificate ==> ATP**
**Same Category and Class**
**VFR Limitation Carries Forward**

**Notes:**
NOW IT IS IN THE REGULATION:
61.157(d)  “ANY TYPE RATING(s) ON THE PILOT CERTIFICATE OF AN APPLICANT WHO SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETES AN ATP PRACTICAL TEST SHALL BE INCLUDED ON THE ATP CERTIFICATE WITH THE PRIVILEGES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE ATP CERTIFICATE, PROVIDED THE APPLICANT PASSES THE PRACTICAL TEST IN THE SAME CATEGORY AND CLASS OF AIRCRAFT FOR WHICH THE APPLICANT HOLDS THE TYPE RATING(s).  HOWEVER, IF A TYPE RATING FOR THAT CATEGORY AND CLASS OF AIRCRAFT ON THE SUPERSEDED PILOT CERTIFICATE IS LIMITED TO VFR, THAT LIMITATION SHALL BE CARRIED FORWARD TO THE PERSON’S ATP CERTIFICATE LEVEL.”

##  ATP - 75 HOUR INSTRUMENT REQUIREMENT  

**61.159 - Airplane   61.161 - Rotorcraft**
**(i)  No More Than 25 Hours Credit in Approved Simulator/Training Device**
**(ii) Up to 50 Hours May Be Credited**
**Approved Simulator/Training Device**
**Course at Part 142 Training Center**

**Notes:**
NOT MORE THAN 25 HOURS IN A SIMULATOR OR TRAINING DEVICE MAY BE USED TO MEET THE REQUIREMENT OF 75 HOURS OF ACTUAL OR SIMULATED INSTRUMENT TIME.   THIS IS NOT A CHANGE,   ---   HOWEVER:
NOW   --  UP TO 50 HOURS OF SIMULATOR OR TRAINING DEVICE INSTRUMENT TIME MAY BE USED TO MEET THE 75 HOUR REQUIREMENT, PROVIDED THEY ARE ACCOMPLISHED IN AN APPROVED FLIGHT SIMULATOR OT TRAINING DEVICE IN A COURSE CONDUCTED BY A TRAINING CENTER CERTIFICATED UNDER PART 142.

## 14 CFR Part 61AFS-840John Lynch202-267-3844

**Notes:**
If you have any why questions John is the author.  Keep in mind he probably had a lot of directed input from higher ups.