# Presentation: 397698

**Notes:**
ISS007-e-10244 – Hurricane Claudette, the first hurricane of the 2003 Atlantic season, came ashore, as a Category 1 storm, the central Texas coast near Port O'Connor. The International Space Station captured this image Hurricane Claudette on July 15, 2003 at 13:26:36 GMT just hours before it made landfall. The view looks north from the coast near Brownsville at the Texas-Mexico border. It shows that Claudette had become much better organized as it neared the coast with a closed eye.  At the time the Tropical Prediction Center was estimating Claudette's winds at 80 mph.  
      After coming ashore near Matagorda Bay, Claudette brought strong gusty winds and heavy rainfall to the region.  Rainfall totals along the path of Claudette varied from 2 to 4 inches over a broad area of south central Texas to 4 to 6 inches along the coast to 12 inches over the central Gulf of Mexico. These higher amounts were caused by Claudette’s slow forward motion as the storm became nearly stationary over the Gulf of Mexico for a short period. However, once Claudette resumed its westward motion the hurricane maintained a forward speed between 10 and 14 mph, helping to keep rainfall totals down. 

## Slide 2

**Notes:**
ISS006-E-05065 (4 December 2002) --- The new crewmembers of Increment 6, aboard the International Space Station (ISS) were able to document a rare occurrence early into their tour on the outpost. The dark area near Earth's horizon at center frame is actually a shadow cast by the Moon during the total solar eclipse of Dec. 4, 2002. The shadow obscures an area of cloud cover. The station, with three Expedition Six crewmembers aboard, was over the Indian Ocean at the time of the eclipse. 
The moon’s shadow has two parts: the fuzzy outer shadow, the penumbra, and the dark inner shadow, the umbra. Within the umbra, the sun is completely blocked. A person standing on the ground sees a glowing black disk in front of the sun—the disk is the moon, and the glow is the sun’s corona. In the penumbra, the ground observer sees the moon covering part of the sun. Both the penumbra and the umbra are visible in this true-color image.

## Slide 3

**Notes:**
STS083-507-023 (4-8 April 1997)--- A 35mm camera was used to record this time-exposed image of Comet Hale-Bopp at sunset. As a spin-off of the more lengthy time exposure, city lights and petroleum fires are seen as distorted streaks. 

## Slide 4

**Notes:**
ISS006-E-18372 (January 2003) --- The Aurora Borealis or “northern lights” and the Manicouagan Impact Crater reservoir (foreground) in Quebec, Canada, were featured in this photograph taken by astronaut Donald R. Pettit, Expedition 6 NASA ISS science officer, on board the International Space Station (ISS). 

## Slide 5

**Notes:**
ISS006-E-41615 Aurora Borealis over the northeastern Pacific with the exposure set to enhance red color.  Digital camera, 58 mm lens, March 30, 2003

## Slide 6

## Thinning Upper Atmosphere

**Thinning Upper Atmosphere**
- ISS008-E-8951
- Models predict that emissions of carbon dioxide are causing the upper atmosphere to cool and contract, and therefore reduce the density of gases in the thermosphere. According to a study by the _[Naval Research Laboratory](http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/prrl/prrl0406.html)__, the density of the thermosphere has decreased about 10 percent over the last 35 years. These findings are important both for space science and for Earth science. Spacecraft in orbit, such as the International Space Station, experience less drag and need fewer boosts to maintain their orbit. _

## Slide 8

**Notes:**
ISS007-E-12915 – Great Pyramids of Giza.
All astronauts are interested in observing unique human footprints from space, and especially those reflecting thousands of years of human activities. The region of the Great Pyramids of Giza—the last remaining wonder of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World—is a favorite target.  The pyramids have been imaged many times by astronauts, each new image provides a unique look at the archeological monument, depending on the viewing angle from the ISS and the illumination from the sun.
Giza is a royal burial place, commissioned and built by pharaohs during the fourth dynasty around 2550 BC. Started by Khufu, continued by his son Khafre (Khafre pyramid and the Sphinx), and later by his son, Menkaure, the complex also includes many tombs and temples for queens, other members of royal families, and royal attendants.
The low sun angle in this image allows for many of the smaller surrounding monuments to be observed. Further, the sides of the pyramid align with the cardinal directions. In this view, the shadows from afternoon sun provide directional arrows that point east. For scale, the current length of the large pyramid at the base is 227 m (745 ft), and the height is 137 m (449).
Today, Giza is a rapidly growing region of Cairo. Population growth in Egypt continues to soar, leading to new construction. New roads for large new developments are obvious in the desert hills northwest and southwest of the pyramids. Documenting patterns of urban growth around the world is a prime science objective for ISS crews.  
This image was taken August 18, 2003 with a Kodak DCS760 digital camera equipped with an 800mm lens

## Massive Sandstorm in Qatar 

**Massive Sandstorm in Qatar**
- ISS008-E-16355This striking photograph shows a massive sandstorm sweeping over the Persian Gulf state of Qatar as it races southward toward southeastern Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates on February 15, 2004. A major upper level low pressure over southwestern Asia led to a series of storms sweeping through the area.

## We Classify Dynamic Events As:

- An unexpected and/or short-term event

- ISS005-E-9691, Digital Camera, 800 mm lens, August 13, 2002

- ISS005-E-17833, Digital Camera, 800 mm lens, October 19, 2002

## Lake Poopo Site

- Western Bolivia
- Andean Altiplano
-  Over 12,000 ft
- Cold, arid to semi-arid climate
- Changes in water color and levels

## Lake Poopo Site

## Slide 13

**Notes:**
Lake Poopo

## Slide 14

**Notes:**
Mt Everst

## Slide 15

**Notes:**
London City Lights and Clouds

## Slide 16

**Notes:**
Glacier

## Slide 17

**Notes:**
Dust from the drying lakebed of the Aral Sea

## Slide 18

## Slide 19