# Presentation: 047257

## Report on the ARS Animal Health National Program Assessment

- Prof. Paul-Pierre PASTORET

- NATIONAL PROGRAM ASSESSMENT
-  		WORKSHOP, 2000-2004
- 			ANIMAL HEALTH
- 			October 26, 2004

## PANEL MEMBERS

- Charlie BEARD, U.S. Poultry & Egg Association
- John A. ELLIS, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan
- Paul KITCHING, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canada
- Thomas McKENNA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center
- Paul-Pierre PASTORET (Chair), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom
- Willie M. REED, Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University
- Ron D. SCHULTZ, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Paul SUNDBERG, National Pork Board

## RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS GREENSBORO MEETING

- Review of key ARS accomplishments in Brucellosis, Tuberculosis and Johne’s Disease research
- Review of key ARS accomplishments in Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Classical Swine Fever research
- Review of key ARS accomplishments in Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE) research
- Review of key ARS accomplishments in Avian influenza and Newcastle Disease research
- ARS action Plan and Impact on Animal Health

## LISTS OF TARGET SPECIES AND THE MEMBERS IN CHARGE 

- Poultry (Charlie BEARD)
- Swine (Paul SUNDBERG)
- Dairy cattle (Ron SCHULTZ)
- Beef cattle (John ELLIS)
- Small ruminants (Paul KITCHING)
- Equine (Willie REED)
- Wildlife (Thomas McKENNA)

## RESEARCH COMPONENTS

- Pathogens detection and Diagnostics
- Microbial Genomics
- Animal Immunology
- Mechanisms of Diseases
- Genetic resistance to Diseases
- Epidemiology of Diseases
- Strategies to control infectious and non-infectious Diseases

## PATHOGENS DETECTION AND DIAGNOSTICS

- THE GOAL IS TO PRODUCE A NEW GENERATION OF DIAGNOSTIC TOOL
- EXAMPLES:
- Anaplasmosis
- Avian influenza
- Classical Swine Fever
- Chronic Wasting Disease
- Johne’s Disease
- Listeriosis
- Newcastle Disease
- Toxoplasmosis
- Trichinellosis
- Tuberculosis

## MICROBIAL GENOMICS

- THE GOAL IS TO USE GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF SELECTED PATHOGENS TO SOLVE DISEASE PROBLEMS
- EXAMPLES:
- Evolution and Adaptation of avian influenza viruses
- Virulence characteristics of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) virus strains
- Identification of candidate Antigens for vaccines against Johne’s Disease and Leptospirosis
- Pathogenesis of Poxvirus infections

## ANIMAL IMMUNOLOGY

- THE GOAL IS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF THE TARGET SPECIES
- EXAMPLES:
- Development of reagents to study the immune responses in poultry
- Development of reagents to study the immune responses in swine
- Development of immunomodulators for Avian coccidiosis
- Development of immunomodulators for Bovine mastitis

## MECHANISMS OF DISEASES

- THE GOAL IS TO UNDERSTAND PATHOGENESIS AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL
- EXAMPLES:
- Identification of virus Genes involved in the pathogenesis of Marek’s Disease
- Identification of toxins in Pine needle abortion
- Determination of Host cell gene expression patterns in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome infection

## GENETIC RESISTANCE TO DISEASES

- THE GOAL IS TO USE INFORMATION ON THE LIVESTOCK GENOMES TO REDUCE THE IMPACT OF DISEASES
- EXAMPLES:
- Development of a genetic test for Resistance to Avian Leukosis virus infections
- Identification of candidate Resistance genes to Marek’s Disease in poultry
- Development of genetic tools to breed sheep for Resistance to Scrapie
- Development of a genotyping system linked to infection phenotype in beef cattle

## EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DISEASES

- THE GOAL IS TO FOSTER EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS INTO RESEARCH PROGRAMS
- EXAMPLES:
- Circulation of Avian influenza virus in live bird markets
- Source of Avian Pneumovirus of turkeys and wild birds
- Trace backs of Brucellosis
- Shedding pattern of Malignant Catarrhal Fever virus in sheep
- Neosporosis as a cause of abortion in cattle and the role of the dogs on farm
- Role of White-tailed deer in cattle Tuberculosis
- Origin of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus infections in the USA

## SRATEGIES TO CONTROL INFECTIOUS AND NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES

- THE GOAL IS TO INTEGRATE RESEARCH INFORMATION INTO APPLIED SOLUTIONS
- EXAMPLES:
- Control of Foot-and-Mouth virus infections
- Prevention of milk fever in cows
- Vaccination of laying hens against Mycoplasma infection
- Marker vaccine against Newcastle Disease
- Swine influenza vaccine in face of maternal antibodies

## DEFINITION OF IMPACT

- 	For the purpose of the Assessment IMPACT was defined as research that has or will significantly influence the field of science, create economic opportunities for Producers and Farmers, or enable action and regulatory Agencies to formulate Policies and Regulations to support American agriculture

## RATING SCORE

- VERY LARGE IMPACT: > or = 7.0
- LARGE IMPACT: 5.1 to 6.9
- SOME IMPACT: 3.1 to 5.0
- SMALL IMPACT: 1.1 to 3.0
- NO IMPACT: < 1.1

## FOCUS ON SUB-CATEGORIES

- Regulatory Agencies control programs (APHIS)
- Diagnostic discovery
- Vaccine discovery
- Technology transfers
- Zoonoses/public Health
- Biological threat agents
- Foreign animal diseases

## TWO MAIN QUESTIONS

- What would you say are our strengths? What activities or research should ARS continue to have maximum impact in the future?
- In your opinion, are there activities or research programs ARS should discontinue since it has little or no impact

## A QUESTION TO THE STAKEHOLDERS 

- WHAT ARE THE MAJOR INITIATIVES THAT ARS SHOULD FOCUS ON IN THE NEXT 5-YEAR PROGRAM CYCLE; WHAT ARE THE RESEARCH PRIORITIES?

## POULTRY

- Pathogens Detection and Diagnostics: Very large (8.0)
- Microbial Genomics: Very large (7.0)
- Animal Immunology: Very large (7.0)
- Mechanisms of Diseases: Some impact (4.5)
- Genetic Resistance to Diseases: Large (6.5)
- Epidemiology of Diseases: Some impact (4.5)
- Strategies to Control infectious and non-infectious Diseases: Large (6.0)
- Overall (Average) Impact Rating: Large Impact (6.2)

## SWINE

- Pathogens Detection and Diagnostics: Very large (8.0)
- Microbial Genomics: Very large (7.0)
- Animal Immunology: Very large (7.0)
- Mechanisms of Diseases: Some impact (4.0)
- Genetic Resistance to Diseases: Some impact (3.5)
- Epidemiology of Diseases: Some impact (4.5)
- Strategies to Control infectious and non-infectious Diseases: Large impact (6.0)
- Overall (Average) Impact Rating: Large Impact (5.7)

## DAIRY CATTLE

- Pathogens Detection and Diagnostics: some impact (4.8)
- Microbial Genomics: large impact (5.3)
- Animal Immunology: large impact (5.2)
- Mechanisms of Diseases: some impact (4.8)
- Genetic Resistance to Diseases: some impact (4.5)
- Epidemiology of Diseases: some impact (4.9)
- Strategies to Control infectious and non-infectious Diseases: some impact (4.9)
- Overall (Average) Impact Rating: some impact (4.9)

## BEEF CATTLE

- Pathogens Detection and Diagnostics: some impact (4.9)
- Microbial Genomics: large impact (5.4)
- Animal Immunology: large impact (5.8)
- Mechanisms of Diseases: large impact (5.2)
- Genetic Resistance to Diseases: large impact (6.0)
- Epidemiology of Diseases: large impact (5.5)
- Strategies to Control infectious and non-infectious Diseases: large impact (5.0)
- Overall (Average) Impact Rating: large impact (5.4)

## SMALL RUMINANTS

- Pathogens Detection and Diagnostics: some impact (4.5)
- Microbial Genomics: large impact (5.6)
- Animal Immunology: large impact (5.3)
- Mechanisms of Diseases: large impact (5.3)
- Genetic Resistance to Diseases: some impact (5.0)
- Epidemiology of Diseases: large impact (5.1)
- Strategies to Control infectious and non-infectious Diseases: some impact (4.7)
- Overall (Average) Impact Rating: large impact (5.1)

## EQUINE

- Pathogens Detection and Diagnostics: small impact (3.0)
- Microbial Genomics: small impact (3.0)
- Animal Immunology: small impact (3.0)
- Mechanisms of Diseases: small impact (2.4)
- Genetic Resistance to Diseases: No Research (NA)
- Epidemiology of Diseases: some impact (4.0)
- Strategies to Control infectious and non-infectious Diseases: small impact (2.5)
- Overall (Average) Impact Rating: small impact (2.9)

## WILDLIFE

- Pathogens Detection and Diagnostics: large impact (5.8)
- Microbial Genomics: large impact (6.0)
- Animal Immunology: large impact (6.8)
- Mechanisms of Diseases: large impact (6.7)
- Genetic Resistance to Diseases: some impact (4.0)
- Epidemiology of Diseases: large impact (5.6)
- Strategies to Control infectious and non-infectious Diseases: large impact (5.8)
- Overall (Average) Impact Rating: large impact (5.8)

##  ARS ANIMAL HEALTH: GOALS AND MISSION

- The mission of the Animal Health National Program is to conduct basic and applied research on selected diseases of economic importance to the United States Livestock and Poultry industries
- Goals of the research mission are to produce Knowledge and Technology to reduce economic losses from infectious, genetic, and metabolic diseases of livestock and poultry

## SOME REMARKS

- Numerous target Species
- Limited Resources
- Multiplicity of Duties
- Scientific Evolution and Adaptation
- Emerging Diseases
- Importance of Wildlife
- Few equine research
- Research needs vary according to the Industry
- Research Program must be highly prioritized

## RETROSPECTIVE OVERALL ASSESSMENT

- THE ARS SCIENTISTS PRODUCE GOOD AND USEFUL SCIENCE IN THE FIELD OF ANIMAL HEALTH FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES

## CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES 1

- Increased use of large Flow genomic information
- Choices not only problems derived but also scientifically driven
- Necessity for standby research activities
- Agro-and Bio-Terrorisms
- Emerging Infections
- Be aware of scientific evolution
- Take into account wildlife role while preserving the environment and maintaining Biodiversity

## CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES 2

- 	ANIMAL HEALTH IS A KEY COMPONENT FOR THE SUSTAINABILITY OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION, ANIMAL WELFARE, AS WELL AS HEALTHY HUMAN FOOD; ANIMAL RESEARCH SHOULD NEVER BE NEGLECTED

## STAKEHOLDERS ELECTRONIC SURVEY

## Please indicate your primary affiliation

**117 Respondents thus far**

## Please indicate the commodity you work with most frequently

- Please indicate the commodity you work with most frequently

**117 Respondents thus far**

## How would you assess the overall impact ARS research has had over the last 5 years?

**Over 90% respondents relay some to very large overall impact **
**(3 to 5 rating out of 5)**

## How would you assess the impact ARS research has had on the commodity you work with most frequently?

**No respondent replies “no impact”**
**Only 8/117 respondents reply “small impact”**

- Select Commodity (number of respondents)

## How would you assess the impact ARS research has had on the disease of highest concern to you?

**Over 90% respondents relay some to very large impact in disease area **
**(3 to 5 rating out of 5)**

## What are the priority diseases?

| Diseases | Frequency |
| --- | --- |
| Avian Influenza | 57 |
| BSE | 48 |
| Johne’s | 46 |
| FMDV | 37 |
| Tuberculosis | 26 |
| CWD | 24 |
| Brucellosis | 23 |
| BVDV | 22 |
| Scrapie | 17 |

## Is research performed in the Animal Health National Program over the last 5 years relevant?

## Is research performed in the Animal Health National Program over the last 5 years relevant?

- Select Commodity (number of respondents)

## Slide 40

| Commodity | Expert Panel | Electronic Survey |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Poultry | Large Impact (6.2) | Large Impact (6.4) |
| Swine | Large Impact (5.7) | Large Impact (5.8) |
| Dairy Cattle | Some Impact (4.9) | Very Large Impact (7.3) |
| Beef Cattle | Large Impact (5.4) | Some Impact (4.6) |
| Small Ruminants | Large Impact (5.1) | ND |
| Equine | Small Impact (2.9) | ND |
| Wildlife | Some Impact (4.5) | ND |