# Presentation: 560817

## News from the ILC

**Barry Barish**
***Users’ Meeting***
*Fermilab *
*9-June-05*

## Why e+e- Collisions?

- elementary particles
- well-defined
- energy,
- angular momentum
- uses full COM energy
- produces particles democratically
- can mostly fully reconstruct events

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## A Rich History as a Powerful Probe

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## The Energy Frontier

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Why a TeV Scale?

**Two parallel developments over the past few years  (****the science****)**
**The precision information e****+****e****-**** and ******** data at present energies have pointed to a low mass Higgs;  Understanding electroweak symmetry breaking, whether supersymmetry or an alternative, will require precision measurements.**
**There are strong arguments for needing both pp and e****+****e****-**** collisions to fully exploit the exciting science expected in the 1 TeV energy scale.  **

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Why a TeV Scale e+e- Accelerator?

**Two parallel developments over the past few years  (****the technology****)**
**Designs and technology demonstrations have matured on two technical approaches for an e****+****e****-**** collider that are well matched to our present understanding of the physics.  **

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Which Technology to Choose?

**Two alternate designs -- “warm” and “cold” had come to the stage where the show stoppers had been eliminated and the concepts were well understood.**
**A major step toward a new international machine required uniting behind one technology, and then working toward a unified global design based on the recommended technology. **

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## International Technology Review Panel

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Evaluate a Criteria Matrix

**The panel analyzed the technology choice through studying a matrix having six general categories with specific items under each:**
**the scope and parameters specified by the ILCSC; **
**technical issues; **
**cost issues; **
**schedule issues; **
**physics operation issues; **
**and more general considerations that reflect the impact of the LC on science, technology and society**

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## The Recommendation

_**We recommend that the linear collider be based on superconducting rf technology**_** **
**This recommendation is made with the understanding that we are recommending a technology, not a design.****  We expect the final design to be developed by a team drawn from the combined warm and cold linear collider communities, taking full advantage of the experience and expertise of both**** ****(from the Executive Summary).  **
**The superconducting technology has several very nice features for application to a linear collider. They follow in part from the low rf frequency.**

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## The Community then Self-Organized

- Nov 13-15, 2004

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## The First ILC Meeting at KEK

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## The Global Design Effort 

**Formal organization begun at LCWS 05 at Stanford**
**in March 2005 when I became director of the GDE**

**Technically Driven Schedule**

## GDE – Near Term Plan

**Staff the GDE**
**Administrative, Communications, Web staff**
**Regional Directors (each region)**
**Engineering/Costing Engineer (each region)**
**Civil Engineer (each region)**
**Key Experts for the GDE design staff from the world community (please give input)**
**Fill in missing skills  (later)**
**Total staff size about 20 FTE  (2005-2006****)**

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## GDE – Near Term Plan

**Schedule**
**Begin to define Configuration (Aug 05) **
**Baseline Configuration Document by end of 2005**
**-----------------------------------------------------------------------**
**Put Baseline under Configuration Control (Jan 06) **
**Develop Reference Design Report by end of 2006**
**Three volumes -- 1) Reference Design Report; 2) Shorter glossy version for non-experts and  policy makers ; 3) Detector Concept Report**

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## GDE – Near Term Plan

**Organize the ILC effort globally**
**First Step --- Appoint Regional Directors ****within**** the GDE who will serve as single points of contact for each region to coordinate the program in that region.  ****(Gerry Dugan (North America), Fumihiko Takasaki (Asia),  offered to Brian Foster (Europe))**
**Make Website, coordinate meetings, coordinate R&D programs, etc**
**R&D Program**
**Coordinate worldwide R & D efforts, in order to demonstrate and improve the performance, reduce the costs, attain the required reliability, etc.   (Proposal Driven to GDE)**

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Starting Point for the GDE

**Superconducting RF Main Linac**

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Parameters for the ILC

**E****cm**** adjustable from 200 – 500 GeV**
**Luminosity  ********  ****∫*****Ldt***** = 500 fb****-1**** in 4 years **
**Ability to scan between 200 and 500 GeV**
**Energy stability and precision below 0.1%**
**Electron polarization of at least 80%**
**The machine must be upgradeable to 1 TeV**

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Towards the ILC Baseline Design

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Specific Machine Realizations

**L-band (TESLA)****	****1.3    GHz****	******** = ****	****3.7 cm**
**S-band (SLAC linac)   ****	****2.856 GHz****	****	****1.7 cm**
**C-band (JLC-C)****	****5.7    GHz****	****	****0.95 cm**
**X-band (NLC/GLC)****	****11.4   GHz****	****	****0.42 cm**
**             ****(CLIC)****	****	****25-30 GHz****	****	****0.2 cm**
** ****Accelerating structure size is dictated by wavelength of the rf accelerating wave.   Wakefields related to structure size; thus so is the difficulty in controlling emittance growth and final luminosity.**
** ****Bunch spacing, train length related to rf frequency**
** ****Damping ring design depends on bunch length, hence frequency**

** ****Frequency dictates many of the design issues for LC**

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Cost Breakdown by Subsystem

**Civil**

- SCRF Linac

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## TESLA Cavity

**9-cell 1.3GHz Niobium Cavity**
**Reference design: has not been modified in 10 years**

- ~1m

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## What Gradient to Choose?

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Gradient

- Results from KEK-DESY collaboration

- must reduce spread (need more statistics)

- single-cell measurements (in nine-cell cavities)

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Electro-polishing

*(Improve surface quality -- pioneering work done at KEK)*

**BCP**

**EP**

-   **Several single cell cavities at g > 40 MV/m**
**  ****4 nine-cell cavities at ~35 MV/m, one at 40 MV/m**
**  ****Theoretical Limit 50 MV/m**

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## How Costs Scale with Gradient?

**Relative Cost**

**Gradient MV/m**

**35MV/m is close to optimum**
**Japanese are still pushing for 40-45MV/m**
**30 MV/m would give safety margin**

- C. Adolphsen (SLAC)

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Fermilab - Emerging ILC SCRF Program

- H Carter

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Fermilab ILC SCRF Program

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Fermilab ILC SCRF Program

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Fermilab ILC SCRF Program

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Fermilab ILC SCRF Program

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Fermilab ILC SCRF Program

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## TESLA Cavity

**9-cell 1.3GHz Niobium Cavity**
**Reference design: has not been modified in 10 years**

- ~1m

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Evolve the Cavities Minor Enhancement

_**Low Loss Design**_
**Modification to cavity shape reduces peak B field. (A**** small Hp/Eacc ratio around 35Oe/(MV/m) must be designed). **
**This generally means a smaller bore radius **
**Trade-offs (Electropolishing, weak cell-to-cell coupling, etc)**

**KEK currently producing prototypes**

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## New Cavity Design

**More radical concepts *****potentially***** offer greater benefits.**
**But require time and  major new infrastructure to develop.**

- 28 cell Super-structure

- Re-entrant

- single-cell achieved45.7 MV/m Q0 ~1010
- (Cornell)

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## ILC Siting and Civil Construction

**The design is intimately tied to the features of the site**
**1 tunnels or 2 tunnels?**
**Deep or shallow?**
**Laser straight linac or follow earth’s curvature in segments?**
**GDE ILC Design will be done to samples sites in the three regions  **
**North American sample site will be near Fermilab**

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Fermilab ILC Civil Program

**A Fermilab Civil Group  is collaborating with SLAC Engineers and soon with Japanese and European engineers to develop methods of analyzing the siting issues and comparing sites.**
**The current effort is not intended to select a potential site, but rather to understand from the beginning how the features of sites will effect the design, performance and cost**

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Slide 38

| Draft   |  |  | 27-May-05 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Conventional Facilities Site Considerations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 | Site impacts on critical science parameters |  |  |  | 5 | Construction Cost Impacts (cont.) |  |  |  |
|  | 1A | Configuration (Physical Dimensions and Layout) |  |  |  | 5C | Climate |  |  |
|  | .1 | Usable Length and Width |  |  |  |  | .1 | Snowfall |  |
|  | .2 | Flexibility for Adjustment of Alignment |  |  |  |  | .2 | Average Ambient temperature |  |
|  |  | .a  |  Adaptable to Laser Straight |  |  |  | .3 | Average underground temperature |  |
|  |  | .b  | Adaptable to Earth Curvature |  |  |  | .4 | No of days rainfall |  |
|  | .3 | Depth of Tunnel  |  |  |  | 5D | Environmental Restrictions  |  |  |
|  | .4 | Depth of Interaction Halls |  |  |  | 5E | Accessibility |  |  |
|  | .5 | Accessibility to Tunnels |  |  |  | 5F | Site Utility Support &  Installation |  |  |
|  | 1B | Performance (Vibration and Stability |  |  |  | 5G | Proximity of Soil Borrow and Disposal Areas |  |  |
|  | .1 | Natural Vibration/Noise Sources |  |  |  | 5H | Local Labor |  |  |
|  |  | .a | Geologic Dynamic Properties |  |  |  | .1 | Construction Rate Index |  |
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- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Strawman Final Focus

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Fermilab and the ILC

**Fermilab is rapidly developing a superconducting RF capability for the main linac design and development for the ILC.**
**The Civil group at Fermilab is playing a central role in developing methods for understanding the siting and the interplay with the design.  **
**Plans are being developed to build a strong  accelerator physics group at Fermilab for the ILC.**
**There are many opportunities for involvement by the experimental community in the accelerator, the machine detector interfaces and the detector designs.**
**--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------**
- Fermilab can position itself very well to be able to succesfully bid to host the ILC, without mortgaging the rest of the program

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05

## Conclusions

**	****important R&D on accelerator systems**
**	****definition of parameters for physics**
**	****choice of technology**
**	****start the global design effort**
**	****funding agencies are engaged**
**Many major hurdles remain before the ILC becomes a reality (funding, site, international organization, detailed design, ...), but there is increasing momentum toward the ultimate goal  --- ****An International Linear Collider****.**

- Fermiab Users' Meeting  - Barish

- 9-June-05