# Presentation: 591567

##  The STAR Decadal PlanTim Hallman RHIC Open Planning MeetingDecember 3-4, 2003

## The STAR Decadal Plan

**   *****addresses the period now to 2010 +***
**   *****Provides a vision of the compelling science STAR***
***    ******proposes to accomplish (a picture being developed)***
***       ******-  ******high Q******2****** (triggered) probes       *********   *****high luminosity, good ***
***                                                                      ******tracking, and  vertexing***
***        ******-   studies of bulk                          *********   *****fast DAQ, FEE***
***            ******phenomena***
**   *****Identifies important R&D and upgrade directions ***
***    ******that are beginning ***_***now***_*** to carry out the proposed***
***    ******program***

***The STAR Decadal Plan***

##  Three “Must do” STAR Physics Goals in the next 5+         years that drive the planned use of RHIC:

***  ***
***Have we produced the quark-gluon plasma***
- pT dependence of suppression
- Measurement of open charm and charmonium
- Full flow systematics (mesons, baryons, multiply strange baryons, open charm)
- Evolution versus energy/species
***Gluon contribution to the nucleon spin***
- ALL for mid-rapidity jet production
- ALL for direct photon + jet
***Gluon density saturation in cold nuclei at very low Bjorken x***
- Inclusive leading hadrons/jets in d+Au collisions
- Search for mono-jets in d+Au collisions

**      ****With a 27 week standalone run each year only one of these can be accomplished**
**           *****With an additional 5 weeks per year, all 3 can be achieved in the STAR plan***

## A Strategic Approach / Scientific Plan for STAR

***    ******Significant results from 1 shift at ************s******NN****** = 19.6 GeV !***
**Why does it work: large acceptance and very high tracking/detector efficiency**

**STAR Preliminary**

- The results from _one shift_ of data
- taken at sNN = 19.6 GeV !

- NA49

- STAR

## A Strategic Approach/ Scientific Plan for STAR

***A Strategic Approach/ Scientific Plan for STAR***

- First high pt suppression data at sNN = 130 GeV from a relatively short ( 2 week) period of actual data taking pointed out the need for more data at 200 GeV, and finally the need for d+Au leading to:

**Au+Au, ********s****NN ****= 130 GeV**

** ******** ****A **_**diverse portfolio**_** of soft  physics **
**      ****studies and measurements of **
**      ****rare probes is possible within STAR**

## STAR Rare Probes

- Di-Jet trigger in d+Au collision in STAR EMC

##              Study vs. pT
             Study vs. centrality
             Study in lighter systems
             Study vs a control            (the )

**        ****thermodynamics of deconfinement through varying dissociation temperatures**

***Opening a Window in STAR on Onium ***

**             ****Study vs. p****T**
**             ****Study vs. centrality**
**             ****Study in lighter systems**
**             ****Study vs a control            (the ********)**

**Upsilon rate**** ~ 10****-3**** J/******
**       ****Yield in 10 weeks of AuAu **
**       ****running at 32 ****μ****b****-1**** /week**
**       ****will be a start**
**       ****To fully utilize this probe requires**
**       ****high luminosity RHIC running**

**To deeply probe the plasma through studies of (Debye) screening length ******** ~ 1 /gT**

## STAR Scientific Approach

**STAR has tremendous capability and flexibility due to its large acceptance **
**and efficient, complimentary suite of detectors**
**A robust program of measuring rare probes, as well as soft physics **
**observables to study the bulk matter properties is possible**
**STAR believes the way to achieve maximum scientific impact and full **
**utilization of the machine is to have a **_***balanced portfolio***__**:**_
**       ****soft physics studies of the properties of the bulk matter**
**       ****triggered rare probes measurements**
**       ****change of energy**
**       ****change of system size**
**This will provide the most leverage in understanding the new matter **
**produced at RHIC.**

##         But... STAR’s conclusion is that scenario is unworkable to

**        ****Run/Weeks****      ****Mode 1/Weeks****         ****Mode 2/Weeks****      ****Mode 3/weeks****      ****Mode 4/weeks**
**        ****Run IV, 27       ****AuAu @ 200, 5+14****    p+p @ 200, 5**
**        ****Run V, 27        ****AuAu @ 20,  2****           AuAu @ 40, 3      ****AuAu @ 63, 5 + 4****   p+p @ 200, 5+5**
**        ****Run VI, 27       ****d+Au @ 200, 5+9****      p+p@200, 5+5**
**        ****Run VII, 27      ****AuAu@200, 5+5****        p+p@200, 5+9**
**        ****Run VIII, 27     ****AuAu@200, 5+10****      p+p@500, 5+5**

**        ****But... STAR’s conclusion is that scenario is unworkable to**
**  ****achieve the goals of both the heavy ion and spin physics programs**

**For the physics that drives the Run IV BUR, the requirements are:**
**               **_**Goal**_**        **_**Hours/week**_**    ********s****NN****        **_**Dead Time**_**          **_**Weeks**_**                 **_**Min L0**_
**     ****30M (50M) Central            45             200               50%                 6(10)              12 ****μ****b-1 /week**
**             ****50M Min-Bias            45             200               50%                   6.8                 2 ****μ****b-1 /week**
**          ****π********  to pT ******** 15 GeV/c           45             200               50%                 6 (10)              33 (20) ****μ****b****-1**** /week**
**                  ****4****σ**** ******** signal           45             200               50%                   10                 32 ****μ****b-1 /week**
**       ****h± to pT ******** 8 GeV/c**           **45               63               100%                   1                 1.8 ****μ****b-1  /week**

- Even for rare probes  relatively modest running periods yield significant
- reach in pt ( 8 GeV/c at sNN = 63, which is the full reach of the reference)

## u , d  determination via ALPV in  p + p  W ± + X  @  s = 500 GeV

*********   *********

*********u , ************d  determination via A******L******PV****** in  p + p ************ W ******±****** + X  @ ************ s = 500 GeV***

***–     –***

***To get into the game:***

*** ************ ******s = 200 GeV,   P****** 4************L******  ************ eff dt ************ 100 pb****** –1***
*** ************ ******s = 500 GeV,  P****** 4************L******  ************ eff dt ************ 250 pb****** –1***

## The Nature of the Problem

**Spin Physics Machine Development that has to happen: **
**        ****Test effectiveness of NEG coated beam pipe**
**        ****Commissioning of polarized gas jet target **
**        ****Commissioning of warm-bore helical dipole**
**        ****Commissioning of RHIC AC dipole**
**        **_**Establish new RHIC working point (WP) (2 IR’s ?)**_** **
**        ****Luminosity in Roser model somewhat better than Run III (~ 1 pb****-1****/week) at this point**
**        ****Testing of RHIC working point**
**        ****First calibration of gas-jet target **
**        ****Luminosity development **
**        ****Commission cold bore helical dipole (P******** 70%)**
**        **_**Complete calibration of gas-jet target**_
**        ****Luminosity in Roser model something like ******** 2 pb****-1****/week at this point**
**      ****Annual access for key developments is inconsistent with long runs to develop **
**      ****luminosity and polarization required  ( > 10 pb****-1****/week, ******** 60-70% ):**
**     ****A 27 week standalone run will not work for both the heavy ion and spin programs**

- 5 +0 weeks in Run IV?

- Run V
- 5+5?

## Some important strategic considerations for STAR:

** ****A number of Institutions have or will invest in junior faculty appointments in the area of RHIC Spin: **
**        ****SUNY Stony Brook**
**        ****Indiana University **
**        ****Massachusetts Institute of Technology**
**        ****U.C. Riverside**
**        ****University of Illinois**
**The period 2005 -2006 is a natural time frame to try to achieve several of the main spin physics Goals:**
**        ****Analysis of the large data set from Run IV will take a significant amount of time**
**        ****After this period, new upgrades for the ion program will start to come on the horizon**
**        ****and there will be a strong interest in continued ion measurements to utilize the new capability**

- There is excellent, high impact science waiting to be done, near and long term !

**p+p ******** ****π****°+ x**

**The evolution in this area has consequences for the future of both the heavy ion and spin programs**

- Possible for Run IV

## A Possible Path Forward:

**Within STAR, in the context of the planning group discussions, alternative scenarios have been discussed, including the constant effort scenario (#2) shown by Tom Ludlam. **
**With 5 weeks of additional running there is a qualitative change in the robustness of the program. This allows:**
**         ****an energy scan**
**         ****a species change**
**         ****high statistics Au+Au running**
**         ****a second d+Au run**
**         ****robust, timely spin physics (****Δ****G(x) and commissioning for W****s**** at ********s = 500)**
**In preliminary discussions STAR’s preferred 32 week scenario:**
**                                       ****Run/Weeks       Mode 1/Weeks         Mode 2/Weeks    **
**                                       ****Run IV,   32     AuAu @ 200, 5+14     p+p @ 200, 5+0**
**                                       ****Run V,    32     AuAu @ 63, ?,6+8      p+p @ 200, 5+10**
**                                       ****Run VI,   32     Cu+Cu @ 200, 5+8     p+p@200, 5+11**
**                                       ****Run VII,  32     AuAu@200, 5+10       d+Au@200, 5+9**
**                                       ****Run VIII, 32     AuAu@200, 5+10       p+p@500, 5+9**** **

##            QCD studies of unprecedented breadth and depth

Detailed studies of the fundamental properties of matter by heating the QCD vacuum

Studying the accompanying phase transitions, and the hot, superdense states preceding the formation of a plasma of quarks and gluons to understand e.g. :

    – the nature of chiral symmetry breaking and how is it related to  the masses of
           the hadrons

      – the quark mass dependence of partonic energy loss

     – collective behavior in partonic systems

     – the nature of a possible saturated gluon state in cold nuclei at low Bjorken x

The helicity preference of gluons inside a proton; the origin of the proton sea;
       the transversity distribution for quarks in a proton

**Detailed studies of the fundamental properties of matter by heating the QCD vacuum**
**Studying the accompanying phase transitions, and the hot, superdense states preceding the formation of a plasma of quarks and gluons to understand e.g. :**
-     – ***the nature of chiral symmetry breaking and how is it related to  the masses of***
***           ******the hadrons***
***      ***– ***the quark mass dependence of partonic energy loss***
***     ***– ***collective behavior in partonic systems***
***     ***– ***the nature of a possible saturated gluon state in cold nuclei at low Bjorken x***
**The helicity preference of gluons inside a proton; the origin of the proton sea;**
**       ****the transversity distribution for quarks in a proton**

*** ******RHIC II Physics in STAR***

##     In the heavy ion program, to test and extend QCD theory and its predictions regarding the behavior of bulk color-deconfined matter, STAR will:

use hard probes such as

 Inclusive jets and direct photons
 back to back jets (correlation of leading particles)
 direct gamma + leading hadron from jet
 flavor tagged jets
 measurement of spectra and yields for the Upsilon family of states

    to measure the differential energy loss for gluon, light quark,
    and heavy quark probes which couple differently to the medium

measure very large samples of “soft physics” events to unfold the bulk properties of the produced matter, studying e.g.

heavy quark thermalization
heavy baryon / meson (open charm) elliptic flow
spectrum of extended hadronic matter (resonances)
broken / restored symmetries (e.g., cp violation, chiral restoration)

**use hard probes such as**
** ****Inclusive jets and direct photons**
** ****back to back jets (correlation of leading particles)**
** ****direct gamma + leading hadron from jet**
** ****flavor tagged jets**
** ****measurement of spectra and yields for the Upsilon family of states**
**    ****to measure the differential energy loss for gluon, light quark,**
**    ****and heavy quark probes which couple differently to the medium**
**measure very large samples of “soft physics” events to unfold the bulk properties of the produced matter, studying e.g.**
**heavy quark thermalization**
**heavy baryon / meson (open charm) elliptic flow**
**spectrum of extended hadronic matter (resonances)**
**broken / restored symmetries (e.g., cp violation, chiral restoration)**

***RHIC II STAR Physics Probes:***

## High pT hadrons in coincidence with 

-  **Leading hadrons are very rare: only**
**   ****~0.1% of jets fragment hard enough **
**   ****that hadrons are above incoherent**
**   ****background**
-  **cross section for ******** + jet coincidences **
**  ****(central Au+Au):**
** ****E********=10 GeV: 6 nb/GeV**
** ****E********=15 GeV: 0.6 nb/GeV**
-   **50 weeks of Au+Au @ RHIC I design:**** **
**   ****10 nb****-1**** !!  ******** ****luminosity upgrade **
**    ****needed to access this physics!**

***High Luminosity STAR Physics***

**        ****Quantitative measurements of partonic energy loss**

**Measurement of the gluon density via **
**direct ******** + jet and flavor-tagged jets to study the quark mass dependence of energy loss **

**dN/dyd****2****p****T ****(y=0) (GeV****-2****c****-3****)**** **

**P****T**** (GeV/ c)**

** ****AuAu (b = 0), s****1/2**** = 200 GeV**

## STAR Future Physics and Planned Upgrades

***  ******The next step? -- Trying to be quantitative and understand***
***        ******quark mass dependence of ***_***partonic***_*** (?) energy loss.***
***A possible approach:***
**   ****differential energy loss of gluon, light quark, and heavy quark jets**
**      ****Statistical, kinematic separation of gluon and light quark jets based**
**       ****on underlying PDF’s and “reconstructed” parton- parton cms**
**      ****flavor tagging of heavy quark jets**
**      ****D/ ********, B / ******** ratio versus p****T**

**Dokshitzer and Kharzeev **
**(hep-ph/0106202):**

**Suppression of co-linear **
**gluon radiation**

***Further theoretical and experimental development needed !***

**10****-3**

**q****sea**

**g(x)**

**u****V**

**d****V**

**X****BJ**

**10****-3**

**10****-1**

**10****-1**

**Q****2**** = 100 GeV****2**

**Q****2**** = 10 GeV****2**

**0.8**

**10**

**1**

**1.4**

***Open charm: a probe of  initial conditions, and possible equilibration at early times***

**Pressing the search with heavy flavor: first direct observation   **
**at RHIC of open charm in d+Au and min-bias Au+Au collisions**

**D****0 ******** ****K********, d+Au**

**D****± ******** ****K********, d+Au**

**|y| < 1,  pt < 4 GeV/c**

**| y |< 0.25, 7 <pt <10 GeV/c**

**  ****Star Preliminary**

**    **_**Do c quarks thermalize?**_** ****If yes, ratio of charm hadrons yield changes from p-p to Au-Au ; D****s****+**** most sensitive.**

** ****A.Andronic, **
** ****P.Braun-Munzinger, **
** ****K.Redlich,**
**J.Stachel **
**(nucl-th/0209035)**

**STAR Preliminary**

**D****± ******** ****K********, ****Au+Au**

**STAR Preliminary**

**For high statistics**
**measurements and**
**event-by-event open**
**charm, MRPC TOF and**
**silicon ****μ****vtx essential**
** ****(This buys a factor of**
**  ****~ 100 reduction in**
** ****event sample required) **

## With regard to flavor tagging, e.g.

- Ramona Vogt, hep-ph/0111271

- p+p

-   **p****T ****~ 15 GeV/c: ********(p+p)~5x10****-4**** ********b/Gev ******** ********(Au+Au) ~ 20********b/Gev**
-     **centrally produced**
**  ****5 years of Au+Au =10 nb****-1**** ******** 200K b-bar pairs**

***STAR Future Physics and Planned Upgrades***

***The yield is there! Can they be pulled out?***

## High pt e+/- triggered by EMC
Enhance yield; some h +/- mis-id’d as e+/-
Remove hadronic background
Associate e+/- with h +/- at a displaced vtx
DCA sign positive if displaced vertex and Pe point in the same direction

**Enhance yield; some h ****+/-**** mis-id’d as e****+/-**
**Remove hadronic background**
**Associate e+/- with h +/- at a displaced vtx**
**DCA sign positive if displaced vertex and P****e**** point in the same direction**

**  ****- P****e**** > 4 GeV/c, P****h**** > 0.7 GeV/c**
**  ****- DCA between e and h < 150 ********m**
**  ****- Assume 50% e+/- misidentification**

***STAR Future Physics and Planned Upgrades***

**EMC triggers e****+/-**** from B, **
******Vertex cleans the sample**

- distance

**B - Jet Tagging - Heavy Quark Energy Loss: B ******** e****+/-**** + hadron + X**

***A First look - Using a  proposed STAR ************VTX Detector***

**STAR ******** vtx**
**simulation**

**CDF Data**

** *****The first look  ***
***is encouraging!***

## Probing Rescattering: Resonances

-  **Au+Au     40% to 80%**

- 0.2  pT  0.9 GeV/c
- |y|  0.5

******0    ****f****0****     ****K****0****S    ******** ****K*****0**** **

- STAR Preliminary

- STAR Preliminary

- 0.2  pT  0.8 GeV/c
- |y|  0.5

-  **pp**

- Statistical error only

***Probing Rescattering: Resonances***

**pp**

**Au Au**

**Short-lived resonances probe the medium and map the history wrt rescattering after chemical freezeout**
**Destruction of signal in hadronic channel**
**Regeneration in “elastic” scattering stage**
**Large data samples necessary **
**PID from TOF essential to extend p****T**** reach**

- K*/K

***STAR Future Physics and Planned Upgrades***

**pp**

******, ********, **
*******(892), **
*******(1385),**
*******(1520)**
******, D***

## To carry out its future program STAR needs:

**A Barrel MRPC TOF****                    ****PID information for > 95% of kaons**
**                                                           ****and protons in the STAR acceptance; **
**                                                           ****extended scientific reach for **
**                                                           ****key observables**** **
**A micro-vertex detector****             ****precise (3 ********m) hit position close to the**
**                                                           ****primary vtx ******** D’s ,flavor- tagged jets**
**A DAQ/ TPC FEE Upgrade****         ****new architecture / FEE ******** 1 khz of **
**                                                           ****events sampled at L3; effective**
**                                                           ****integration of 10 x more data****             **
**Development of GEM  tech****.       ****Preparation for a compact, fast, next **
**                                                           ****generation TPC needed for 40 x L**** **
**Forward Tracking Upgrade****        W charge sign identification**
**High Luminosity****	****	****       10 - 50 times the luminosity (10 nb****-1****) **
**                                                           ****integrated at RHIC up to 2010 **
**                                                           ****(Thomas Roser will provide)**

## The STAR MRPC TOF Barrel will:

allow STAR to provide PID for an additional 60% of the particle in the hadronic final state

Cut the time (events) needed to measure the open charm yield by a factor of 5 (12.6M  2.6M)  (TPC + SVT versus TPC + SVT + TOF)

Cut the time (events) needed for bulk measures (e.g. heavy baryon elliptic flow) which may distinguish between hadronic/ partonic degrees of freedom by a factor of 10 (200M  20M)

allow the detailed unfolding of large and small scale correlations & fluctuations to map the dynamics/evolution of the produced matter

extend the pt reach to for measuring resonances to 1-2 GeV/c 
     affording a precision tool for model comparison and a definitive determination of the importance of re-scattering versus regeneration
     (calibration of an important set of standard candles) 

***allow STAR to provide PID for an additional 60% of the particle in the hadronic final state***
***Cut the time (events) needed to measure the open charm yield by a factor of 5 (12.6M ********** 2.6M)  (TPC + SVT versus TPC + SVT + TOF)***
***Cut the time (events) needed for bulk measures (e.g. heavy baryon elliptic flow) which may distinguish between hadronic/ partonic degrees of freedom by a factor of 10 (200M ************ 20M)***
***allow the detailed unfolding of large and small scale correlations & fluctuations to map the dynamics/evolution of the produced matter***
***extend the pt reach to for measuring resonances to 1-2 GeV/c ***
***     ******affording a precision tool for model comparison and a definitive determination of the importance of re-scattering versus regeneration***
***     ******(calibration of an important set of standard candles)***** **

***STAR Future Physics and Planned Upgrades***

##    70 ps, 2 meter path

**Completed Prototype 28 module MRPC TOF Tray installed in STAR Oct. ‘ 02 in place of existing central trigger barrel tray**

**Neighbor**
**CTB Tray**

**EMC**
**Rails**

**FEE**

**MRPC design developed at **
**      ****CERN, built in China**

**Prototype Tray **
**Construction**
**at Rice University **

**28 MRPC Detectors;**
**24 made at**
**USTC**

***The STAR Barrel TOF ******      MRPC Prototype***

** ******** ******** ****70 ps**, **2 meter path**
**Strong team including 6**
**Chinese Institutions in place**

## The STAR Barrel TOF MRPC Prototype

***The STAR Barrel TOF MRPC Prototype***

***Prototype modules met all***
***performance specs in the STAR***
***environment and produced***
***important physics on PID’d***
***Cronin Effect***

***Proposal reviewed and***
***approved by STAR and***
***submitted to***
***BNL Management***

## Important new data from the MPRC TOF Prototype

***Important new data from the MPRC TOF ***_***Prototype***_

***Results will be key to help understand the processes underlying***
***               ******particle production in the intermediate p******T ******region***

***Entirely new capability for ***
***   ******measuring open charm***
***      ******opened up as well !***

## Physics provided by the STAR Vertex detector 

**Open charm**
**Charm quark yield**
**Reconstructing D****0**
**Charm hadron chemistry**
**Reconstructing D****+****, D****s****+****, ...**
**Charm hadron flow**
**Constructing D****0**** spectra**
**Open beauty**
**Identifying B mesons**
**Identifying heavy quark jets**

***STAR Future Physics and Planned Upgrades***

**Thin silicon ladders under tension**

## STAR Future Physics and Planned Upgrades

**Key features of the proposed STAR ********vtx detector:**
**  *****ultra-thin 50 ************m silicon (APS) chips***
***  ******excellent position resolution (******~******5 ************m), 20 ************m x 20 ************m pixels***
***  ******minimal coulomb scattering, beam pipe wall < 600 ************m***
***  ******state of the art mechanical support allowing easy ***
***     ******insertion/removal and eventual replacement with***
***     ******faster APS chips***
*** ******10-20 ms readout initially; storage of  all events in***
***     ******20 ms “bucket”; per pixel probability of hit 0.5% at 4 x L;***
***     ******per pixel probability of pile up in 20 ms, ~ 10******-5***
***  ******data matching offline***
***  ******upgrade to 5 ms readout for 40 x luminosity upgrade***

## STAR Future Physics and Planned Upgrades

***           ******The DAQ and Front End Electronics Upgrades***
**   ****The DAQ and FEE upgrades will allow STAR to acquire large data**
**    ****samples, increasing the luminosity effectively integrated by STAR **
**    ****by a factor of 10**
**   ****This upgrade will increase the number of events sampled to 1000/sec**
**    ****minimum bias, ~ 200 Hz central. The baseline plan is to present **
**    ****these to level III and write out 100/sec.**
**   ****The upgrade will address the present bottlenecks throughout the**
**    ****DAQ/FEE chain: **
**	****	**** **_** **__**DAQ**_**	****	****	****	**_**FEE**_
**	****          ****DAQ CPU                                  Chip Speed**
**                       ****VME Bandwidth                       Analog Processing **
**                       ****Event Builder                           Zero Suppression**
**                       ****LIII CPU                                     Noise**

##     Barrel MRPC          ‘ 04  ‘05            ‘ 05  ‘06             PID information for ~ 95% 
            TOF                      $260k                   $4.3M              of kaons and protons in acc;
                                                              + $2.5M in- kind      extended pT for resonances;
                                                                                                v2; D’s; ebe correlations;
                                                                                               anti-nuclei; inclusive
                                                                                               electrons

     Inner vtx              ‘04  ‘06	       ‘ 06  ‘07              D’s , flavor- tagged jets
 (Forward Tracker)       $ 965K                $4M (TBD)           (Charge sign for W± )

    DAQ Upgrade          ‘04  ‘06            ‘ 06  ‘08             1 kz   L3; D’s;  & D,
                                       $1.77M                    $5M                 v2, cp, D thermalization

    FEE  Upgrade          ‘04  ‘05            ‘ 05  ‘06             1 kz   L3; D’s; , D,
                                        $250k                    $2.5M                v2, cp, D thermalization                                                                                                

      GEM  DeV              ‘ 04  ‘06              ‘08 - ‘10              Compact, fast TPC;robust
                                         $900k                         ?                 tracking for high Q2 physics 
                                                                                               at  40 x L 

*** ******The Scope & Scientific Merit of Proposed R&D / Upgrade Plan***
***     ***_***System***_***	******           ***_***R&D***_***	******    ***_***Constr/Cost***_***            ***_***Benefit to STAR***_

**    ****Barrel MRPC          ‘ 04 ******** ‘05            ‘ 05 ******** ‘06             PID information for ~ 95% **
**            ****TOF                      $260k                   $4.3M              of kaons and protons in acc;**
**                                                              ****+ $2.5M in- kind      extended p****T**** for resonances;**
**                                                                                               ******** ****v****2****; D’s; ebe correlations;**
**                                                                                               ****anti-nuclei; inclusive**
**                                                                                               ****electrons**
**     ****Inner ********vtx              ‘04 ******** ‘06****	****       ‘ 06 ******** ‘07              D’s , flavor- tagged jets**
** ****(Forward Tracker)****       $ 965K                $4M ****(TBD)           (Charge sign for W****± ****)**
**    ****DAQ Upgrade          ‘04 ******** ‘06            ‘ 06 ******** ‘08             1 kz ********  L3; D’s; ******** & D,**
**                                       ****$1.77M                    $5M                 v****2****, cp, D thermalization**
**                                                                                                  **
**    ****FEE  Upgrade          ‘04 ******** ‘05            ‘ 05 ******** ‘06             1 kz ********  L3; D’s; ********, D,**
**                                        ****$250k                    $2.5M                v****2****, cp, D thermalization                                                                                                **
**     **
**      ****GEM  DeV              ‘ 04 ******** ‘06              ‘08 - ‘10              Compact, fast TPC;robust**
**                                         ****$900k                         ?                 tracking for high Q****2 ****physics **
**                                                                                               ****at  40 x L **

_***Serious R&D on these projects has begun ***_

## Enhancements possible with existing machine:
Double the number of bunches to 112
Decrease * from 2 m to 1m

**Double the number of bunches to 112**
**Decrease ************* from 2 m to 1m**

-  **Electron beam cooling at full RHIC energy will eliminate intra-beam scattering effects and reduce beam emittance:    **10x increase in average luminosity

**4x increase in ave. L;**
**Still limited by I.B.S.**

**This projection for the TPC assumes the following **
**             ****RHIC Luminosity Upgrade Plan**

**Evolution of Au Au parameters:**
**Luminosity in units of 10****26**** cm****-2****sec****-1**
**Current in units of 10****10**** ions/beam**

***STAR Future Physics and Planned Upgrades***

## STAR Future Physics and Planned Upgrades

**        *****The GEM Development: essential for STAR tracking***
***                     ******in the High Luminosity Era at RHIC***
**	****	****	****	**_**In 2010:**_** **
**    ****the STAR TPC will be ~ 15 years old**
**    ****large space charge distortions and pile-up may be problematic **
**     ****for the high luminosity, high pt program STAR intends  to carry out**
**    **
**	****	**_**The proposed GEM development will:**_
**    ****lay the foundation for a possible future high rate, compact TPC with**
**     ****shorter drift and additional trigger capability**
**    ****develop important technology which may also be needed elsewhere **
**      ****in STAR (e.g. forward tracking)**

## STAR Future Physics and Planned Upgrades

***STAR Future Physics and Planned Upgrades***

*********u , ************d  determination via A******L******PV****** in  p + p ************ W ******±****** + X  @ ************ s = 500 GeV***

*********G (x) from)***

**pp**** ******** + ****X**

***    ******The baseline physics ***
***    ******will take until ~ 2010***
***    ******A forward (GEM ?)***
***    ******tracking detector ***
***    ******will be needed for ***
***    ******W******+/-****** sign***

##       STAR has embarked on this plan; work is beginning

-     – ***the nature of chiral symmetry breaking and how is it related to  the masses of the hadrons***
***    ***– ***the quark mass dependence of partonic energy loss***
***     ***– ***collective behavior in partonic systems***
***     ***– ***the nature of a possible saturated gluon state in cold nuclei at low Bjorken x***
***     ***– ***the helicity preference of gluons inside a proton; the origin of the proton sea; the transversity ***
***        ******distribution for quarks in a proton***

***STAR Decadal Plan Conclusions***

** ****This physics program requires:**
**         ****a Barrel MRPC TOF detector to extend STAR’s scientific reach**** **
**         ****a micro vertex detector to enable measurement of D’s and flavor-tagged jets**
**         ****a DAQ / FEE upgrade to allow 1 khz to L3 to integrate needed event samples**
**         ****a tracking upgrade to afford good forward charge sign determination**
**         ****Development of GEM technology to insure the possibility of robust  tracking for the 40 x L era**
**      ****STAR has embarked on this plan; work is beginning**

*** ******The Feasibility of the Future STAR program***

- 21 scientific papers published
-   (16 PRL, 4 PRC, 1 PLB),
-   and 9 submitted (8 PRL, 1
-   PRC)
- 18 technical papers published
-          1060 Citations
-         28 Ph.D’s granted
-    STAR is a vibrant,
-    strong collaboration
-    which can successfully
-    carry out the proposed
-    program