# Presentation: 541749

## Slide 1

## Initiative:  Application of genomics to develop improved diagnostics and vaccines.       

- Rank: 1st
****_Rationale:_  Genomics will enable the rational development of vaccines and better diagnostic targets.
****_Priorities within Initiative:_
- 1.	Ensuring adequate structural genomics and informatics resources in place for the pertinent pathogens.
- 2.	Ensuring immunological and genomic toolbox and populations are available for testing new generation of diagnostics and vaccines.
- 3.	Prioritize the agents to be studied based on economic and public health impact.
- 4.	Long-term containment facilities in place.

## Initiative:  Host genomics as it relates to animal health and well-being.       

- Rank: 2nd
****_Rationale:_  Genomics will enable the identification of superior host genetics.
****_Priorities within Initiative:_
- 1.	Ensuring adequate structural genomics and informatics resources in place.
- 2.	Ensuring long-term animal populations / phenotypes in place.
- 3.	Prioritize based on overall economic and animal and public health impact.
- 4.	Ensuring adequate functional genomics resources are in place.

## Initiative:  Host / pathogen / production environment interactions.       

- Rank: 3rd
****_Rationale:_  Enable better understanding of the interactions between the host, various pathogens and the production environment.
****_Priorities within Initiative:_
- 1.	 Understanding mechanisms of pathogen-driven resistance in the host.
- 2.	Mechanisms of innate and adaptive immune response.
- 3.	Understanding mechanisms of changes in host range and tropism.
- 4.	Understanding virulence mechanisms including host invasion.

## Initiative:  Leverage developments from the biomedical genomics communities to apply to animal agriculture.       

- Rank: 4th
****_Rationale:_  Self explanatory.

## Slide 6

## Initiative:  Early detection of emerging diseases and clarification of syndromes         

- Rank: 1st
****_Rationale:_  Need to recognize an unusual event for further investigation. Farmers and veterinary practitioners need to be aware of how they can participate in and benefit from surveillance.
****_Priorities within Initiative:_
- 1.	Development of support networks for diagnosis of novel, unusual or unknown diseases.
- 2.	Develop understanding of on-farm human behavior and how they are related to seeking assistance in diagnostic support.
- 3.	Develop Tools to facilitate Ongoing Monitoring and surveillance and systems to collect and analyze data, including serology and animal-side testing.
- 4.	Explore approaches for syndromic surveillance on farm-level
- 5.	Establish computer simulation models for disease introduction and spread on farm

## Rank: 2nd		
Rationale:  Efficacy and practicality of many existing and proposed biological risk mitigation options are unknown 
Priorities within Initiative:	
1.	Perform quantitative risk analysis (effectiveness and cost) of biological risk mitigation measures
2.	Establish methods for evaluation of biological risk mitigation procedures, utilizing demonstration farms	
3.	Investigate Infection Control options, e.g. Disinfectants, Vx, Tx, etc: which are effective? which can be used in the mitigation of biological risk?
4.	Extend research to application on farm - do they work, are they practical?
5.	Explore logistics for implementation of biological risk mitigation options

****_Rationale:_  Efficacy and practicality of many existing and proposed biological risk mitigation options are unknown
****_Priorities within Initiative:_
- 1.	Perform quantitative risk analysis (effectiveness and cost) of biological risk mitigation measures
- 2.	Establish methods for evaluation of biological risk mitigation procedures, utilizing demonstration farms
- 3.	Investigate Infection Control options, e.g. Disinfectants, Vx, Tx, etc: which are effective? which can be used in the mitigation of biological risk?
- 4.	Extend research to application on farm - do they work, are they practical?
- 5.	Explore logistics for implementation of biological risk mitigation options

_**Initiative:**_**  Validation and cost-benefit analysis of biological risk management options on different premises throughout food chain**

## Rank: 3rd		
Rationale:  Lacking baseline data; existing data may contain biases and flaws and conclusions drawn from these data sets may be erroneous.
Priorities within Initiative:	
1.	Identify the flaws and biases in existing databases
2.	Define normal health and disease occurrence under a variety of management conditions using traditional and advanced technologies
3.	Refine existing systems for the comprehensive collection and interpretation of surveillance data	
4.	Explore mechanisms for validation and verification of existing surveillance systems (farmer diagnosis, private practitioner dx, Dx labs, etc.)

****_Rationale:_  Lacking baseline data; existing data may contain biases and flaws and conclusions drawn from these data sets may be erroneous.
****_Priorities within Initiative:_
- 1.	Identify the flaws and biases in existing databases
- 2.	Define normal health and disease occurrence under a variety of management conditions using traditional and advanced technologies
- 3.	Refine existing systems for the comprehensive collection and interpretation of surveillance data
- 4.	Explore mechanisms for validation and verification of existing surveillance systems (farmer diagnosis, private practitioner dx, Dx labs, etc.)

_**Initiative:**_**  Establish baseline of existing disease (baseline health status) with definitive diagnosis and syndromes to more easily identify emerging diseases**

## Initiative:  Participate in ongoing national and international field validation efforts of diagnostic tests.        

- Rank: 4th
****_Rationale:_  Optimal Test application should be based on real-world performance
****_Priorities within Initiative:_
- 1.	Describe the performance of tests (sensitivity, specificity, predictive values ...) under field conditions including varying prevalence.
- 2.	Identify methods for determining performance of tests under field conditions

## Rank: 5th		
Rationale:  Animal and premises ID systems are being implemented and are underutilized.  
Priorities within Initiative:	
1.	Support proactive exercises to test our ability to identify and track movement of animals in the face of an outbreak
2.	Develop in vivo biosensor technology combined with animal and premises ID systems	
3.	Develop database for incorporating traceback system as part of animal and premises ID systems

****_Rationale:_  Animal and premises ID systems are being implemented and are underutilized.
****_Priorities within Initiative:_
- 1.	Support proactive exercises to test our ability to identify and track movement of animals in the face of an outbreak
- 2.	Develop in vivo biosensor technology combined with animal and premises ID systems
- 3.	Develop database for incorporating traceback system as part of animal and premises ID systems

_**Initiative:**_**  Utilization of animal and premises ID systems for disease surveillance (Technology merger: Diagnosis and animal/premises identification)**

## Slide 12

## Initiative:  VACCINES/IMMUNE PRODUCTS       

- Rank: 1st
****_Rationale:_  Vaccine and immune products (modulators) offer the potential to augment or replace antibiotic use.
****_Priorities within Initiative:_
- 1.	adaptive immunity (e.g.:  vaccines..)
- 2.	innate immunity (e.g.:  cytokines, antimicrobial peptides..)
- 3.	biotherapeutics (e.g.:  bacteriophage, antibodies..)
- 4.	delivery technologies

## Initiative:  MANAGEMENT INTERVENTION STRATEGIES       

- Rank: 2nd
****_Rationale:_  Some production systems place animals at risk for disease and are associated with excessive use of antimicrobials and other pharmaceuticals.
****_Priorities within Initiative:_
- 1.	Determine and quantify factors for disease risk (e.g.:  epidemiology...)
- 2.	Modulators of stress in production systems
- 3.	Biosecurity and biocontainment models
- 4.	Nutritional management (pre- and pro-biotics, organic acids, essential oils, competive exclusion, bacteriophage..)

## Initiative:  GENETIC RESISTANCE TO DISEASE       

- Rank: 3rd
****_Rationale:_  An understanding of genetic resistance will improve animal health and may reduce potential for disease
****_Priorities within Initiative:_
- 1.	Identify and characterize risk alleles (database, frequency..)
- 2.	Innate immunity
- 3.	Development of health (genetic) databases

## Initiative:  EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES       

- Rank: 4th
****_Rationale:_  Provide mechanism or means to respond to new break-throughs in technology
****_Priorities within Initiative:_
- 1.	antiviral molecules (interfering RNA, anti-sense)
- 2.	novel delivery systems
- 3.	genomic manipulation, transgenic animals

## Slide 17

## Initiative:  Biocontainment, Decontamination/ Cleaning and disinfecting/euthanasia/ carcass disposal        

- Rank: 1st
****_Rationale:_  Essential feature of infectious disease control and response to disease outbreaks and disasters.
****_Priorities within Initiative:_
- 1.	Develop practical, effective, economical methods of decontaminating facilities and transport vehicles that are environmentally acceptable
- 2.	Develop new and effective techniques to reduce pathogen loads (effectiveness of pasteurization of milk for calves)
- 3.	Develop practical new and effective methods of waste management for reducing pathogen loads in the environment (such as composting and other coproduct development)
- 4.	Develop monitoring methods for detecting pathogens in the environment

## Initiative:  Ecology of Disease       

- Rank: 2nd
****_Rationale:_  Essential to understanding diseases and methods for their control
****_Priorities within Initiative:_
- 1.	Identify mechanisms of disease transmission to enhance or improve predictive epidemiologic models.
- 2.	research on risk mitigation of wildlife livestock interface
- 3.	develop new and enhanced methods for vector control.
- 4.	develop new strategies for disease control based on epidemiologic models

## Initiative:  Environmental control to decrease animal stress and increase animal comfort.       

- Rank: 3rd
****_Rationale:_  Increased animal welfare and productivity
****_Priorities within Initiative:_
- 1.	seek ways to identify and measure stress in production environments
- 2.	design new and improved animal housing and handling methods to reduce stress and optimize immunity
- 3.	develop transport methods that will reduce disease

## Initiative:  Air and Water Quality       

- Rank: 4th
****_Rationale:_  Mitigate the negative impact on animal health caused by poor air and water quality
****_Priorities within Initiative:_
- 1.	Develop new biological, nutritional, mechanical and chemical methods to control pollutants (ammonia, dust, volatile organics).
- 2.	Improving temperature, humidity and ventiliation control to prevent disease
- 3.	 Develop technology to better manage waste so as to not diminish air and water quality
- 4.	Develop monitoring technologies to identify problematic areas.

## Initiative:  Methods to reduce pathogen loads by enhancing natural environmental capacity       

- Rank: 5th
****_Rationale:_  Decrease animal disease through the use of natural interventions.
****_Priorities within Initiative:_
- 1.	Identify beneficial organisms and identify methods to enhance their proliferation in the environment.
- 2.	Identify environmentally safe chemical compounds or other means that can be used to inactivate prions
- 3.	Investigate the use of probiotics to reduce the shedding of pathogens in the environment