# Presentation: 532254

## Slide 1

**Notes:**
The number of AIDS cases increased each year from 1985 through 1993. The 1993 expansion of the AIDS case definition resulted in an increase in the number of AIDS cases reported. In 1996, the introduction and widespread use of antiretroviral therapies, which slow the progression of HIV infection to AIDS, resulted in declines in AIDS incidence.
In 2006, an estimated 26,515 AIDS cases were diagnosed for persons of minority races/ethnicities, accounting for 70% of all AIDS cases diagnosed that year in the United States and dependent areas.

## Slide 2

**Notes:**
The proportional distribution of AIDS diagnoses among races/ethnicities has changed since the beginning of the epidemic. The proportion of AIDS diagnoses among whites (not Hispanic) has decreased; the proportions among non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics have increased. The proportions of AIDS diagnoses among Asians/Pacific Islanders and American Indians/Alaska Natives have remained relatively constant, at approximately 1% of all diagnoses.
Of adults and adolescents diagnosed with AIDS during 2006, 48% were black (not Hispanic), 29% were white (not Hispanic), 20% were Hispanic, 1% were Asian/Pacific Islander, and less than 1% were American Indian/Alaska Native.

## Slide 3

**Notes:**
More than half of the cumulative AIDS cases reported in the United States and dependent areas were in persons of minority races/ethnicities.
Blacks account for a disproportionate share of AIDS cases. In 2006, Blacks accounted for 13% of the population of the 50 states and the District of Columbia; yet, from the beginning of the epidemic through 2006, they accounted for 40% of the total number of AIDS cases reported to CDC.
From the beginning of the epidemic through 2005, 60% of the women and 59% of the children reported as having AIDS were black. In 2006, 48% of AIDS cases reported among adults and adolescents were in blacks.

## Slide 4

**Notes:**
More than half of the cumulative AIDS cases reported in the United States and dependent areas were in persons of minority races/ethnicities.
Hispanics account for a disproportionate share of AIDS cases. In 2006, Hispanics accounted for 15% of the population of the 50 states and the District of Columbia; yet, from the beginning of the epidemic through 2006, they accounted for 19% of the total number of AIDS cases reported to CDC.
From the beginning of the epidemic through 2006, 19% of the women and 23% of the children reported as having AIDS were Hispanic.
In 2006, 20% of AIDS cases reported among adults and adolescents were in Hispanics.

## Slide 5

## Slide 6

**Notes:**
The distribution of risk factors for HIV infection differs by race/ethnicity. From 2002 through 2006, of white (not Hispanic) men with AIDS, 72% had been exposed through male-to-male sexual contact, and 11% had been exposed through injection drug use (IDU). These proportions were similar among Asian/Pacific Islander men. Of black (not Hispanic) men, 47% had been exposed through male-to-male sexual contact and 22% through IDU. Of Hispanic men, 54% had been exposed through male-to-male sexual contact and 22% through IDU. Of American Indian/Alaska Native men with AIDS, 57% had been exposed through male-to-male sexual contact, 17% through IDU, and an additional 15% were attributed to both male-to-male sexual contact and IDU.

## Slide 7

**Notes:**
From 2002 through 2006, of all female adults and adolescents with AIDS, 71% had been exposed to HIV infection through heterosexual contact with an HIV-infected male, an injection drug user, a bisexual male, a male with hemophilia, or a transfusion recipient with HIV infection; 27% had been exposed through injection drug use. These proportions were similar for black (not Hispanic) and Hispanic females. 
In comparison with females of other races/ethnicities, a larger proportion of Asian/Pacific Islander females had been exposed through high-risk heterosexual contact (79%), and a smaller proportion had been exposed through injection drug use (16%). Proportional distributions were similar among American Indian/Alaska Native and white (not Hispanic) females, with larger proportions of females exposed through injection drug use, 41% and 46% respectively, compared to females of other races/ethnicities.

## Slide 8

**Notes:**
In 2006, 73% of reported AIDS cases were cases in males. The largest proportion of AIDS cases in men were blacks (not Hispanic), followed by those in whites (not Hispanic) and Hispanics.
Of females with AIDS, 64% were black (not Hispanic), and nearly equal numbers were white (not Hispanic) or Hispanic.
In comparison with AIDS cases among other races/ethnicities reported in 2006, relatively few AIDS cases were reported among Asians/Pacific Islanders and American Indians/Alaska Natives.

## Slide 9

**Notes:**
From 2002 through 2006, the rates for reported AIDS cases in black (not Hispanic) adults and adolescents ranged from 10.3 per 100,000 in Idaho to 264.1 in the District of Columbia. The next highest rates were those in New York and Florida. The high rate for the District of Columbia should be interpreted with caution because the other rates presented are for states, and the District of Columbia is a city. The rate for the District of Columbia should be compared with the rates for other cities rather than other states.

## Slide 10

**Notes:**
From 2002 through 2006, the rates for reported AIDS cases in Hispanic adults and adolescents ranged from 1.2 per 100,000 in Montana to 104.3 in the District of Columbia. The next highest rates were those in New York, and Connecticut. The high rate for the District of Columbia should be interpreted with caution because the other rates presented are for states, and the District of Columbia is a city. The rate for the District of Columbia should be compared with the rates for other cities rather than other states.

## Slide 11

**Notes:**
From 2002 through 2006, the highest state-specific AIDS case rates for white (not Hispanic) adults and adolescents were in the District of Columbia and Hawaii. The rate for the United States—7.1 per 100,000—is, however, considerably lower than the rate of 68.7 for blacks or the rate of 24.0 for Hispanics. The high rate for the District of Columbia should be interpreted with caution because the other rates presented are for states, and the District of Columbia is a city. The rate for the District of Columbia should be compared with the rates for other cities rather than other states.

## Slide 12

## Slide 13

**Notes:**
In 2006, of adults and adolescents given a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS in the 33 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting, 49% were black (not Hispanic), 31% were white (not Hispanic), 18% were Hispanic, 1% were Asian/Pacific Islander, and less than 1% were American Indian/Alaska Native.
The following 33 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least 2003: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

## Slide 14

**Notes:**
The estimated number of persons living with HIV/AIDS in the 33 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting increased from 428,107 at the end of 2003 to 491,728 at the end of 2006.
In all races/ethnicities, the number of persons living with HIV/AIDS increased. The number of blacks (not Hispanic) living with HIV/AIDS increased from 202,951 to 231,957; the number of whites (not Hispanic) increased from 145,081 to 166,000; and the number of Hispanics increased from 72,612 to 84,720.
The following 33 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least 2003: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

## Slide 15

**Notes:**
This slide shows, by race/ethnicity, the case rates (per 100,000 population) for HIV/AIDS in male adults and adolescents residing in the 33 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting.
For male adults and adolescents, the rate (HIV/AIDS cases per 100,000) for blacks (not Hispanic) (119.1) was 7 times the rate for whites (not Hispanic) (16.7) and more than twice the rate for Hispanics (50.9).
Relatively few cases were diagnosed for Asian/Pacific Islander and American Indian/Alaska Native males, although the rate for American Indian/Alaska Native males (17.7) was higher than that for non-Hispanic white males.
The following 33 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least 2003: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

## Slide 16

**Notes:**
This slide shows, by race/ethnicity, the case rates (per 100,000 population) of HIV/AIDS in female adults and adolescents residing in the 33 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting.
For female adults and adolescents, the rate of 56.2 for blacks (not Hispanic) was 20 times the rate of 2.9 for whites (not Hispanic).
The estimated number of HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed in 2006 was similar for Hispanics and whites (not Hispanic), but the rate of 15.1 for Hispanics was more than 5 times the rate for whites (not Hispanic).
Relatively few cases were diagnosed for Asian/Pacific Islander and American Indian/Alaska Native females, although the rates for both these groups were higher than the rate for white (not Hispanic) females.
The following 33 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least 2003: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

## Slide 17

**Notes:**
From 2002 through 2006, the average rates of HIV/AIDS diagnosis for black (not Hispanic) adults and adolescents ranged from 22.9 per 100,000 in New Mexico to 175.7 per 100,000 in Florida. The next highest rates were those in New York and New Jersey.
The following 33 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least 2003: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

## Slide 18

**Notes:**
From 2002 through 2006 the average rates of HIV/AIDS diagnosis for Hispanic adults and adolescents ranged from 5.7 per 100,000 in North Dakota to 75.7 per 100,000 in New York. The next highest rates were those in Mississippi and Florida.
The following 33 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least 2003: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

## Slide 19

**Notes:**
From 2002 through 2006, the highest average rates of HIV/AIDS diagnosis for white (not Hispanic) adults and adolescents were those in Florida, Nevada, and Texas. The rates in general, however, are considerably lower than the rate of 88.7 for blacks or the rate of 35.4 for Hispanics.
The following 33 states have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least 2003: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.