# Presentation: 103225

## 电子电气设备环境法规对中国的影响及中国的应对Impact to China and Chinese Strategy to Environmental Regulation of EEE

- 国家质检总局
- 检验监管司
- 杨万山
- 2006年1月20日

- AQSIQ
- Department of Supervision on inspection
- Wanshan Yang
- Jan. 20, 2006

## 议题Contents

- 影响 impact
- WEEE指令的影响 impact of WEEE
- ROHS指令的影响 impact of ROHS
- 影响:技术革命 technical revolution
- 应对 strategy
- 法律法规层面 strategy in legislation
- 技术标准层面 strategy in technical and standards
- 国际合作层面 International cooperation
- 服务企业层面 Provide service for manufacturers
- 结论 conclusion

## 技术贸易措施Technical methods of trade

- 产品生命周期:能量与物质流
- Life circle of product: flow of energy& material

- 设计、加工、
- 运输、使用、
- 报废、回收、
- 处理、循环
- Design Produce
- Transport Use
- Waste Recycle
- Dispose

- 材料
- material

- 能量
- energy

- 能量
- energy

- 废物
- waste

- 产品
- product

## WEEE指令的影响 impact of WEEE

- 受影响产品范围 scope

**照明设备(非家用)**
**lighting**

**电动工具**
**Electrical tools**

**小家电**
**Small HHEA**

**家用电子产品**
**Electronic product**

**大家电**
**Large HHEA**

**自动设备**
**Automatic equipment**

**医疗器械**
**Medical device**

**电动/电子玩具**
**E&E toys**

**IT ****产品**
**IT products**

**测量仪器**
**instrument**

## WEEE指令的影响 impact of WEEE

- WEEE和HS编码 WEEE&HS Code
- 540个8位编码
- It covers 540 HS Code in terms of 8-units
- 2004年出口欧盟684.2亿美元机电产品,属于WEEE有467.8亿美元,占68.4%.
- China export to EU amounts 68.4 billion in 2004,among them, 46.8 billion is covered by WEEE, more than 2/3.
- 预计如按照今年出口欧盟额计算,受影响金额会达到560亿美元。
- It is estimated that 56 billion will be affected in this year.

## WEEE指令的影响 impact of WEEE

| HS编码 HS Code | 产品 product |
| --- | --- |
| 84 | 大家电 电动工具 IT产品 
Large HHEA/ electrical tools/IT |
| 85 | 小家电 电子设备 
small HHEA/electronic equipment |
| 90 | 仪器 instrument |
| 91 | 电子钟表 electronic watch |
| 94 | 灯具 lighting |
| 95 | 电动玩具 electrical toys |

## WEEE指令的影响 impact of WEEE

- 对中国的影响 impact to Chinese manufacturers

- 短时间内效应不太明显,但是影响深远

- Unobvious in short period, but deep in future

- 对自有品牌出口是个打击

- Heavy hit to Chinese manufacturers
- who have own brand

- Loss of low-price competitive advantage

- 价格优势丧失

## WEEE指令的影响 impact of WEEE

- 建议 suggestions

- 政府
- government

**相对可作为较少**

**即使允许返运,成本不合算**

**Lack effective method**

**High transportation cost even if it is allowed **
**to back China for re-import Waste EEE**

## WEEE指令的影响 impact of WEEE

- 建议 suggestions

**Choose destination in developing countries**

**Collective entrust**

- 行业或企业
- Association/
- manufacturers

**集体委托回收企业,降低成本**

**选取东欧或其他低回收费用国家**

**生态设计,利于回收**

**Eco-design, easily recycle**

## WEEE指令

- 关心:回收率的计算 concern: calculation of recycle rate

- 再使用
- reuse

- 剩余
- others

- 再循环
- recycle

- 能量回收
- Energy recovery

- How to calculate the dominator?
- 有多种不同的计算公式,分子容易理解,分母不易理解

## WEEE指令

- 其他关注 other concerns

- 历史垃圾如何处理

- How deal with the historical waste?

- 企业相关基金比例如何明确

- 企业登记何时正式全面进行

- Proportion of foundations?

- When start the registration of producers?

## ROHS指令的影响 Impact of ROHS

- 受影响产品范围 scope

**照明设备(非家用)**
**lighting**

**电动工具**
**Electrical tools**

**小家电**
**Small HHEA**

**家用电子产品**
**Electronic product**

**大家电**
**Large HHEA**

**自动设备**
**Automatic equipment**

**医疗器械**
**Medical device**

**电动/电子玩具**
**E&E toys**

**IT ****产品**
**IT products**

**测量仪器**
**instrument**

**照明设备(家用)**
**lighting**

## ROHS指令的影响 Impact of ROHS

- ROHS和HS编码 ROHS&HS Code
- 461个8位编码
- It covers 461HS Code in terms of 8-units
- 虽然少了两类,但中国原本就有极少医疗器械和测量仪器出口欧盟
- China export to EU amounts almost same scale (46 billion) covered by WEEE in 2004,since there is no MD and instrument export from China to EU originally.

## ROHS指令的影响 Impact of ROHS

- 限用物质消费举例:PBDE consumption of substance: PBDE
- 2001年消费67,440吨,中国估计使用较多
- PBDE was consumed 67,440tons in 2001 all over the world, China occupied some.
- 商品化PBDE主要是十溴(5.4万吨)、八溴(0.4)和五溴(0.85)
- Among PBDES, Deca-PBDE occupied more than 80%, Oct-PBDE is more than 12%.

## ROHS指令的影响 Impact of ROHS

- 易超标的部位:often detected part
- 电线中的铅/镉 Pb/Cd in cables
- 焊料里的铅 Pb in solder
- 触点中的镉 Cd in contact point
- 线路板和外壳中的十溴 DECA-PBDE in PCB and shell
- 紧固件镀层中的六价铬 Cr6+ in fastener coating
- 汞很少便发现,中国有更严格的汞含量限制 Hg seldom detected

## ROHS指令的影响 Impact of ROHS

- 对中国的影响 impact to China

- 整个产业链(上下游)的影响

- 市场监督的巨大风险和歧视

- 替代技术的瓶颈,市场的退却

- 成本提高,竞争力下降

- Impact to whole industrial chain

- Cost increase, competitiveness decrease

- Bottle neck of replace tech.

- Risk of discrimination

## 影响:技术革命 Technical revolution

- 替代技术 Key technology
- 无铅焊 solder without Pb
- 无铅镉稳定剂
- 无汞冷光源CCFL without Hg
- 无铬镀 coating without Cr
- 无卤阻燃

## 影响:技术革命 Technical revolution

- 企业方案

- 确定关联度
- 市场/产品

- 控制加工
- 环境

- 解剖零件
- 原材料

- 控制供应链

- 出具DOC

- 供应商检测

- 成品的抽查检测

- 国家质检总局推荐的
- 18家检测实验室

## 应对Strategy

- 检验检疫系统应对工作的保证 infrastructure

- 多学科的人才和实验室

- 多年对国外技术法规的跟踪研究

- 进出口商品质量的监督管理职责

**Interdisciplinary human resource and lab**

**Research on technical regulation**

**Organization for I&E product safety**

## 法律法规层面应对 strategy in legislation

- 立法的目的 objective

- 通过政府的引导和监督,
- 获得全行业竞争力的提升

- 谈判的保证

- 加强出口的控制,保持中国产品的信誉

- 保护环境
- 10亿台在用,年产2亿台,年报废3000万

- 节约型及和谐社会的需要

- Not only focus on EU and export

- As a weapon  for discrimination

- Win good reputation
-  of export product

- Protect Chinese environment

- Build a saving society

## 法律法规层面应对 strategy in legislation

- 中国版WEEE  Chinese WEEE

- 废旧家用电器回收条例

- 处理企业要有资质

- 发改委起草,多家参与

- 生产者责任原则

- 已经上报国务院,有望年内出台

- Regulation on waste HHEA recycle

- Recycler registration

- NDRC initiate with AQSIQ

- Producer responsibility

- Hopefully promulgate this year

## 法律法规层面应对 strategy in legislation

- 中国WEEE产品目录 Chinese WEEE list

## 法律法规层面应对 strategy in legislation

- 中国版ROHS Chinese ROHS
- 全名:电子信息产品污染控制管理办法
- 范围:电子产品,发布目录进行 only electronic product and publish list
- 实现方式:强制认证
- 实施时间:  可能2007年1月
- 牵头部门:信息产业部 MII

## 法律法规层面应对 strategy in legislation

- 出口电子电气产品有毒有害物质检验监督管理办法(拟定中)regulation for export product related ROHS (ongoing)

- 贯彻以质取胜战略

- 采用风险控制理论

- 自我声明+体系保证+抽查监督

- Strategy of quality

- Risk analysis

- DOC +QA+ on spot check

## 技术标准层面应对strategy in technical and standards

- 跟踪IEC/TC111工作
- Follow and involve IEC/TC111
- 研究检测方法,提出标准体系构想
- Research on test approach
- 培养专家队伍
- Establish expert team
- 开展产品风险分析
- Conduct risk analysis
- 替代研究
- New technology in produce

## 技术标准层面应对strategy in technical and standards

- 针对ROHS的六项标准全球首次发布
- Firstly announced 6 test standards related ROHS in the world
- 拆分标准正在制定之中
- Disassemble standard will be promulgated this year, which is anti-produce procedure

## 电子电气产品中有毒有害物质检测标准体系

**检测标准**

**产品的拆分及**
**均一检测单元的获取**

**通用标准**

**符合性评价**

**1.****定义和术语**
**2.****电子电气产品范围**
**3.****有毒有害物质种类**
**4.****有毒有害物质限量**
**5.****产品拆解程序**
**6.****检测方法种类**
**7.****正确性评价**

**材料:**
**塑料,金属材料,**
**添加剂,涂料,**
**电镀层,绝缘漆,**
**玻璃,搪瓷,**
**橡胶,胶木,**
**颜料,墨水,瓷等**
**零部件:**
**线路板,显象管,**
**线圈,灯管,**
**开关,电机,其他**

**1.****范围**
**2.****规范性引用文件**
**3.****符合性评价规则**
**4.****证书和报告**

**铅、镉、汞、总铬**

**X****荧光光谱法**
**斑点法**
**直读光谱法**
**傅立叶红外光谱法**

**ICP-AES**
**AAS**
**ICP-MS**
**CVAAS**
**AFS**

**UV-VIS**
**IC**

**GC-MS**
**LC-MS**
**GC-ECD**
**HPLC**

**六价铬**

**筛选**

**PBB PBDE**

## 国际合作 International cooperation

- 2005年行动表 Action in 2005
- 2月参加APEC会议,协调受影响国立场
- Attend APEC meeting in Feb to harmonize the opinion of affected nations
- 6月访问欧盟环境总司,探讨合作
- Visit DG environment to discuss the future cooperation
- 10月邀请欧盟官员及技术专家来访
- Invite EU expert to participate Seminar in Shanghai

## 国际合作 International cooperation

- 目标 Objective

- 一般目标
- General

- 获取最新信息

- 影响国际立法制标

- 消除歧视,争取便利

- 持有经中国CIQ帮助下出具的DOC证书,
- 免于或少进行市场监督

- 具体目标
- concrete

- Get the newest Info

- Involve international standard

- Reduce discrimination
- Struggle for convenience

- Low the risk rank of Chinese product with DOC supervised by AQSIQ/CIQ

## 服务企业Provide service for exporters

- 调查摸底 Investigation

- 83%的了解
- 83% recognition

- 60%准备应对
- 60% preparation

- 55%控制采购
- 55% control supply

- 12%自我检测
- 12% has lab

- Investigate in Jan. 2005

- 100% now!

## 服务企业Provide service for exporters

- 宣传培训 Training

- 在广东 江苏 浙江等地举办了上万人次培训

- Prompt awareness though media
- (Internet/TV/newspaper)

- 通过媒体进行全方位宣传

- Training thousands firms in Guangdong/Zhejiang

## 服务企业Provide service for exporters

- 检测服务 Test service

- 已开展万份检测委托

- 根据产地分布建设检测实验室

- Provide whole-oriental resolutions

- 建立合格原材料供应商数据库

- Test 10,000 samples

- Build labs according to needs

- 提供全方位解决方案

- Plan to establish database of green supplier

## 结论和启示conclusion

- 新壁垒在发展 New barrier is developing
- 我们准备好了 we are ready.

## 结论和启示conclusion

- 新壁垒在发展 New barrier is developing

- 传统的技术措施(安全要求)已经
- 被产品主要制造国成功跨越

- 主观

- Traditional requirement has been easily satisfied by
- Main manufacturing countries if they want to

## 结论和启示conclusion

- 新壁垒在发展 New barrier is developing

- 产品的生产、使用与寿命终结造成环境恶化

- 客观

- Shortage of resource (energy/water/land/material)

- 保护特定主体利益(儿童,劳工,残疾人,动物)

- Manufacturing related environment deterioration

- 资源(能源、水、材料、土地)的稀少

- Protection to special groups (Child/labor/disable/animals)

## 结论和启示conclusion

- 中国企业对满足传统技术要求的能力
- The ability to satisfy traditional requirement by us
- 理论上完全可以达到 theoretically yes
- 但是国际低端市场的存在,使出口机电产品质量许多时候不能达到这些要求。
- Sometimes not for neglect profit and existence of undeveloped market
- 政府部门的位置:不是解决技术问题,而是进行正确的、理性的决策。
- Position of government: not technical, but rational decision-making

## 结论和启示conclusion

- 我们准备好了 we are ready?
- 中国企业对新技术要求的能力
- The ability to satisfy traditional requirement by us
- 理论上虽然有差距 theoretically not entire
- 但是我们在努力,充满希望。
- We are making efforts, it is bright in future, actually in this year.
- 政府部门的位置:技术、管理并行。
- Position of government: technical, as well as administration

## 谢谢!  

- 谢谢!
- Thank You for
- Your Attention!

- _[yangws@aqsiq.gov.cn](mailto:yangws@aqsiq.gov.cn)_
- Tel: 0086-10-8226-1926
- FAX:0086-10-8226-0165