# Presentation: 566417

## The Global Positioning System A Worldwide Information Utility

**November/December 2000**

## Overview

**Policy**
**Applications & Markets**
**Augmentations**
**Sustainment & Modernization**
**International Cooperation**

## Policy

## GPS is a Dual-Use System

**Cold War spinoff**
**Developed in 1970s-1980s to support Allied forces**
**Prominent in Gulf War, Kosovo**
**After KAL-007, civilians gained free access to Standard Positioning Service**
**Commercial use now dwarfs military use**
**GPS policy is managed at a national level by the Interagency GPS Executive Board (IGEB)**

## Interagency GPS Executive Board

**Agriculture**

**Commerce**

**State**

**Interior**

**NASA**

**Justice**

**Joint Chiefs ****      of Staff**

**Defense**

**Transportation**

**Interagency GPS Executive Board**

## United States GPS Policy

**Presidential Decision Directive signed in 1996, endorsed by Congress in 1998**
**GPS Standard Positioning Service to remain free of direct user fees**
**U.S. to promote acceptance and use of GPS as a world standard**
**Selective Availability -- ended May 2000**
**IGEB to manage GPS as a national asset**

## United States GPS Policy, cont’d.

**Encourage private sector investment in/use of GPS technologies and services**
**Promote safety and efficiency in transportation and other fields**
**Promote international cooperation in using GPS for peaceful purposes**
**Advance scientific and technical capabilities**
**Strengthen and maintain national security**

## Applications & Markets

## Worldwide Sales of GPS Goods & Services Will Reach $16B by 2003

## Worldwide GPS Revenues By Market Segment

**Worldwide GPS Revenues ****By Market Segment**

## Car Navigation

**On-board navigation**
**Fleet management**
**Roadside assistance**
**Stolen vehicle recovery**
**Enhanced services**
**Mass market dominated by Japan**
**Dataquest: Unit sales of chips for car navigation to reach 11.3M in 2001**
**$4.7B sales by 2003**

## Consumer/Recreational

**Portable receivers for fishermen, hunters, hikers, cyclists, etc.**
**Recreational facilities -- golf courses, ski resorts**
**Integration of GPS into cellular phones**
**E-911 requirement**
**$3.8B market by 2003**

## Surveying/Mapping/GIS

**Sub-centimeter accuracy**
**100%-300% savings in time, cost, & labor**
**Control survey point: $10,000 in 1986; $250 in 1997**
**Rural electrification**
**Telecom tower placement**
**Pipelines**
**Oil, gas, and mineral exploration**
**Flood plain mapping**
**$3.12B market by 2003**

**Electricidade de  Portugal Group uses GPS to survey the border of the Alqueva dam**

## Tracking/Machine Control

**Tracking/Machine Control**

**Package/cargo delivery**
**Fleet and asset management**
**Theft recovery**
**Public safety and services**
**Farming, mining, and construction equipment**
**DGPS/RTK required for many applications**
**$3B market by 2003**

**GRUPISA (Madrid)**

**FGC (Barcelona)**

## Public Services

**City planning**
**Transportation infrastructure**
**Road Billing Network (ROBIN)**
**Snowplows**
**Emergency response**
**Law enforcement**
**Fire fighting**
**Search and rescue**
**Paramedics**
**Disaster relief**

## Aviation

**GPS approved for ****en-route navigation**
**More efficient flight routing leads to fuel savings**
**Better tracking of aircraft enhances safety**
**Closer spacing of planes increases airspace capacity**
**$710M market by 2003**

## Maritime Navigation

**GPS-based vessel tracking and traffic management maximizes effectiveness of waterways**
**Improved safety increases maritime commerce**
**Maritime DGPS service for enhanced accuracy and safety available in 34 countries**
**$210M market by 2003**

## Original Equipment Manufacturers

**Chipsets**
**Electronic boards**
**Antennas, components**
**Standalone receivers**
**$690M market by 2003**

## Military

**GPS is a recognized NATO standard**
**GPS is required on all U.S. military systems**
**Precision munitions widely used during Gulf War, Kosovo**

## Timing

**GPS offers an inexpensive alternative to costly, high maintenance timing equipment**
**Telecommunications network  synchronization & management**
**Phones, pagers, wireless systems**
**LANs, WANs, Internet**
**Financial transactions**
**Electrical power grid management & fault location**
**Digital signatures for e-commerce**
**Some estimate the timing market at $40-100M**

## Scientific Research

**Monitoring geological change**
**Glaciers, tectonic plates, earthquakes, volcanoes**
**Wildlife behavior**
**Atmospheric modeling**
**Water vapor content**
**Oceanic studies**
**Tidal patterns**
**Surface mapping**
**Time transfer**

## Environmental Management

**Forestry**
**Wetlands management**
**Natural resource management**
**Fisheries boundary enforcement**
**Endangered species and habitat preservation**
**Hazardous material cleanup**
**Oil spills, toxic waste**

## Emerging GPS Applications

**Entrepreneurs and scientific researchers invent new applications almost every day**
**Higher precision is necessary for many cutting-edge applications**
**Differential GPS (DGPS)**
**Relative DGPS**
**Carrier phase positioning**
**Real-Time Kinematic (RTK)**
**Post-processing**

## Precision Agriculture

**Maximize use of resources**
**Optimized plowing of crop rows**
**Tailored applications of seeds, fertilizer, water, pesticides**
**Improved management of land, machinery, personnel, time**
**Greater crop yields**
**Net benefit: $5-14 per acre**
**Minimize environmental impacts**
**Localized identification and treatment of distressed crops reduces chemical use**
**Precise leveling of fields prevents fluid runoff**

## Open Pit Mining

**Enhanced management of assets, equipment**
**Progress tracked in real-time, remotely**
**Improved machine control saves time, lowers maintenance ****and fuel consumption, prevents accidents**
**Rapid surveying for drilling blast holes**
**Smaller, more empowered workforce**

## Space Applications

**Improved orbit and attitude control for spacecraft**
**International Space Station**
**Crew return vehicle**
**PoSat-1 microsatellite**
**Advance Land Observing Satellite uses GPS to calibrate high resolution radar maps**
**Satellite formation flying**
**Space launch range safety**

## Construction

**Machinery, asset, and personnel management**
**Rapid surveys for laying foundation piles, etc.**
**Accident prevention**
**Remote control of machinery possible**
**Japanese volcano dam**

## Europe is a Major Player in the GPS Market

**Rapid growth projected, especially in car navigation sector**
**Many European firms provide GPS goods and services**
**45 identified by Booz-Allen Hamilton**
**European governments are ****investing in GPS augmentation ****and reference systems**
**Maritime DGPS**
**EGNOS**
**EUREF Permanent Network**

## The Market is Wide Open

**Civil signals are freely available, right now**
**Openly published GPS specifications allow anyone to build receivers (no licensing fees)**
**Hardware is becoming a commodity**
**Huge potential exists in value-added services**
**Software development**
**Embedded applications**
**Localized GIS databases**
**Internet integration**
**Wireless markets**

## Unit Cost of Receivers Is Falling At ~30% Per Year

**0**

**$200**

**$400**

**$600**

**$800**

**1991**

**1993**

**1995**

**1997**

**1999**

**Source: U.S. GPS Industry Council**

## Projected Relative Market Share

## Augmentations

## Sustainment & Modernization

## International Cooperation

## International Cooperation

**Promote acceptance and peaceful use of GPS and its augmentations**
**International offering of GPS to ICAO and IMO**
**Service **_**free**_** of direct user charges**
**Non-proprietary signal standards for civil services**
**GPS Augmentations -- Worldwide interoperability**
**Space-based systems (WAAS, MSAS, EGNOS) for aviation**
**Land-based DGPS technology for maritime and terrestrial uses: already adopted by 35 countries**
**Global, non-proprietary standards**

## Principles for Cooperation

_**No direct user fees**_** for civil and public safety services**
**Ensure **_**open market**_** driven competition for user equipment and applications**
_**Open signal structure**_** for all civil services to promote equal access for applications development and value added services**
**Protection of the current radionavigation spectrum from disruption and interference**
**Use of GPS time, geodesy, and signal structure standards**
**Seamless, global **_**interoperability**_** of future systems with GPS**
**Recognition of national and international security issues and protecting against misuse**

## U.S. - Japan Cooperation

**September 1998: Joint Statement signed**
**GPS based augmentations**
**Largest commercial market share for products and services**
**September 1999: Working Groups met in Washington, D.C.**
**Policy**
**Transportation**
**Commercial & Scientific**
**Next plenary session in Tokyo**

## U.S. - Russia Consultation

**May 19 in Washington, D.C.**
**Excellent dialogue**
**Many common views**
**Principles of Cooperation**
**Next meeting in Fall 2000 in Moscow**

## U.S. - E.U. Consultations

**Use of GPS and its augmentations for commercial products and services incorporating open signal structure**
**1998: U.S. presented draft Framework Agreement based on GPS and its augmentations**
**Consider inclusion of: International Advisory Commission, Intent of Guarantee, Statement of Free Service**
**2000: Cooperation concept**
**Stage 1: Framework Cooperative Agreement based on Principles of Cooperation**
**Stage 2: Working groups**
**Stage 3: Follow-on agreement to cover Galileo operations phase**

## U.S. - E.U. Draft Agreement

**Presented to the Commission on October 5**
**Embodies GPS Policy & Principles of Cooperation**
**Government provided satellite signals free of user fees**
**Interoperability with GPS**
**Open signals for critical infrastructure and safety-of-life services**
**Open specifications and markets for civil equipment and services**
**Users choose which system or combination best meet their needs**
**Recognizes efforts of other fora: ICAO, IMO, ITU**
**Accounts for different levels of system maturity**
**Lays foundation for future cooperation**

## U.S. Questions About Galileo

**To be understood:**
**Revenue stream generation**
**Future regulatory actions**
**Required use (mandate through standards)**
**Interoperability of free open system with fee-based encrypted system**
**Safety of life applications**
**Prevention of misuse**
**Open specifications and standards for equal worldwide market access**
**Spectrum use**
**Security service**

## Summary

**GPS is a key component of the global information infrastructure**
**U.S. is committed to providing GPS service free of direct user fees to users worldwide**
**Adherence to U.S. principles has led to GPS standardization and market growth**
**GPS modernization is under way**
**U.S. is continuing international outreach to further understanding of GPS, its augmentations, and its applications**
**U.S. is fostering international dialogue  to be responsive to global user needs**