# Presentation: 320209

**David Toll, Hydrological Sciences Branch,**
** ****NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD **_[dave.toll@nasa.gov](mailto:dave.toll@nasa.gov)_
**{Deputy Program Manager Water Management}**
**Lawrence Friedl (NASA-HQ), Jared Entin (NASA HQ),**
** ****Edwin Engman (SAIC), Kristi Arsenault **
**(UMBC-GEST) & Joe Nigro (SSAI)**
**  **
***UCOWR/NIWR CONFERENCE***
***Increasing Freshwater Supplies***
***July 18-20, 2006***
*** ***

*Extending the societal and economic benefits of Earth science research, information, and technology**** ...***

**OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE WATER RESOURCES COMMUNITY TO PARTICIPATE IN NASA’S APPLIED SCIENCES PROGRAM**

## Overview

- NASA Earth Science Research & Applications
- NASA Water Management
- Water Management Activities and Examples
- Future Directions & Opportunities

**OVERVIEW**

## Slide 3

## NASA Observing Spacecraft for Earth System Research

## Declining NASA Earth Science Missions

**2005**

**2006**

**2010**

**18**

**15**

**5**

**Declining NASA Earth Science Missions**

## T          T     TT

- T                           tt                  t
- T
- t

- T          t

## NASA’s APPLIED SCIENCES PROGRAM

**Public Health**

**Applications of National Priority**

**NASA’s APPLIED SCIENCES PROGRAM**
**12 CORE AREAS**

## NASA Science Program Budget Summary

- Budget Authority in $ Millions

**NASA Science Program Budget Summary**

**83.0**

## Slide 9

## NASA WATER MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIESUsing NASA Products

- Directed Projects
- 	- NOAA Weather Model Improvement (Leveraged)
- 	- NASA & EPA Nonpoint Source Water Quality
- 	- NASA & Reclamation Water Supply, Demand & Forecast
- •  NASA Solicitations
- 	- NASA & NOAA Water Flood Forecast
- 	- USGS, JPL & NOAA Drought Monitor
- 	-  West U.S. Seasonal Forecast (U. Wash., USDA & Reclamation)
- 	- 2 New Projects: Evapotranspiration Using NASA Satellite
-        Products

## NASA Land Information System Benchmark of NOAA Eta (Weather Model DST)

- Benchmark conducted on supercomputer to determine impact of NASA LIS (w/ “Noah Land Surface Model) initial land surface conditions (soil moisture & snow)
- 	  _   20 Control and 60 experimental simulations conducted over May 1-10, 2003 window.
- Forecasts of surface and upper air meteorological fields were validated against observations using NCEP’s Forecast Verification System (FVS)
- Eta model surface forecasts of 2m humidity and temperature were greatly improved, with mixed impacts on precipitation and upper air fields
- Assimilation of MODIS snow cover data into NLDASE system had positive impact on Eta model surface forecasts

**Percent improvement in Eta 2m temperature bias (left) and 2m RH  RMSE (right).  Warm colors indicate improvements, cool colors  degradations decreases.**** **

## Slide 12

## NASA’s Land Information System at NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) 

- Prime example of transfer of NASA technology to NOAA
- Currently used in NOAA NCEP’s Global Forecast System (GFS) and Climate Forecast System (CFS) in research mode, with push to operations in future.
- Future expansion at NOAA likely:
**Ongoing NASA-NOAA/NCEP and NASA-NOAA/OHD flood forecasting research projects all utilize NASA’s Land Information System**
**Expanded use of “LIS” within AFWA (with links to NOAA)**
**New NASA-NOAA NLDAS-based drought monitoring project will use LIS**
**Potential NASA-NOAA/OHD flash flood project would use LIS**
**Positive research findings from these research projects may lead to further adoption of LIS by NOAA in operational settings**

|  | GFS | CFS |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Period | Jun-15-2005 to present | Jan-01-1980 to Dec-31-2004
(planning to extend to present)  |
| LSM | Noah | Noah |
| Horizontal Resolution | T382 (~0.3° global, 1152x576) | T126 (~1° global, 384x192) |

## BASINS-HSPF: Precipitation & Evapotranspiration for Flow

_**BASINS-HSPF:**_ _**Precipitation & Evapotranspiration for Flow**_
- • **Rain Gauges (Default method) not Representative of Precipitation Events **
**•**** ****Satellite/Doppler Spatial Data Compliments Gauge Data**

- = BASINS default
-     rain gauges

- = NLDAS
-    Stage II
-    precipitation

**Chesapeake **
**Bay Watershed**

- Modeled Flow Estimations for NE Anacostia Basin

- Daily Rainfall Comparison (6/1/03-8/31/03)

**NASA-EPA Study to Test NASA Products for Nonpoint Source Water Quality**

## Land Cover: NASA – EPA BASINS NONPOINT SOURCE

_**Land Cover: NASA – EPA BASINS NONPOINT SOURCE**_
**· Land Cover Disturbance from Gypsy Moths and Logging**
**·**** ****Satellite-Derived Measurements (MODIS / Landsat) of Disturbance, Link to Measures of Stream Nitrate Concentration**

**Gypsy Moth Defoliation & Annual Nitrate-N Export**

- Estimated N deposition from gypsy moth defoliation
- Allegany County, MD in 2000 (top) and
- 2001 (bottom) in kg/ha/yr.

- Landsat
- 30m
- (15m)

- MODIS
- 1 km
- (250m)

- Townsend, Univ. of Wisconsin

## Slide 16

## Improved Evapotranspiration Estimates to Aid Water Management Practices in the Rio Grande River Basin

**Assimilate (EnKF) MODIS ****land surface temperature**

- MODIS RR LST for New Mexico

- Kristi Arsenault, Ana C. T. Pinheiro, David Toll, J.Nigro and T. Engman NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterRichard W. Stodt *et al.* U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation

**Improved Evapotranspiration Estimates to Aid Water Management Practices in the Rio Grande River Basin**

- Implementation of EnKF **assimilation system** within LIS CLM2.0;
- Evaluation of forcing **perturbation routine**;
- Evaluation of LIS CLM2.0 LST related **prognostic and diagnostic variables**.

**Current Status**

- (mm)

**AWARDS ET Toolbox Benchmarking**
-  Focus on total and component ET, precipitation,
- land surface temperature assimilation, and energy
- budget analysis

- ET Toolbox
- Land Cover

- Noah 2.7

- CLM2

- LIS 1 KM Total ET Sum for April 2004

## (R. Allen, University of Idaho)

**(R. Allen, University of Idaho)**

## NASA-NOAA Flood Forecast Project OverviewNOAA/OHD (Restrepo), NASA/MSFC (Limaye), NASA/GSFC (Peters-Lidard)

- MODIS
- Cloud + Snow
- Cover
- AMSR-e Soil
- Moisture

- NASA/GSFC’s
- Land Information
- System (Water
-         Availability)

- NWSRFS
- Streamflow
- Forecasts

**Potential Evaporation**
**Observed/Forecast**

## Slide 20

**Earth System Models**
- Land Surface Models:
- Vegetation Drought Response Index
- Satellite Algorithms

**Value & Benefits**
**to Society**
***Quantitative and qualitative benefits from improved decisions***
- Wider dissemination of drought information
- Improved understanding of drought effects at sub-county scale
- Quicker response for State Drought Task Forces and State Governors
- Increased spatial precision in drought emergency designations
- Better informed state and local decision making leading to more effective use of available water and drought relief program resources

**Predictions/Forecasts**

**Observations, Parameters & Products**

**Earth Observations **
- Vegetation/Wetness:  MODIS and AVHRR
- Precipitation:  Weather Station networks, RADAR observations
- Land Use/Land Cover: Landsat, MODIS
- AMSR – E Radiometer
- QuickSCAT/SeaWinds Radiometer

**Decision Support Systems, Assessments, Management Actions**
**	****National Integrated ****	****Drought Information ****	****System**
**US Drought Monitor**
**Weekly map and narrative**
**NIDIS web portal**
_**Analyses**_
- Early Drought Detection
- Drought Spatial Extent
- Drought State/Drought Severity
_**Decisions / Actions**_
- Drought Plans Activated
- Urban Water Restrictions
- Drought Assistance Programs
- Agricultural Choices for Water Conservation

**NASA Water Management Project USGS, JPL & Others to Support the  “National Drought Monitoring System”**

**Information products**
- Vegetation Indices
-   MODIS NDVI
-   AMSR-E
- Surface Wetness
-  - AMSR – E
-  - QuickScat
- Phenological Metrics
-   Start of Season
-   Start of Season       Anomaly
-   Seasonal Greenness
-   Percent of AvgSG
-   JPL Scatterometer
- Gridded Rainfall Products
-   Calibrated RADAR
-   Standardized
-     Precipitation Index

## University of Washington Forecast Systemhttp://www.hydro.washington.edu

- At UW, started testing hydrologic uses of real-time climate forecasts in 2000, for East Coast
- Started producing water supply forecasts in 2001
- Started testing snow assimilation techniques in 2003
- Launched SW Monitor in 2005

**Notes:**
Another new feature is that we’re now plotting up several analyses of snow observations, and these update on a daily basis.  We’ve been automatically downloading the data for a long time for use in our assimilation, and the goal here was to show the west-wide conditions at a single glance, something that’s hard to find elsewhere.  

Note, in addition to the NRCS snotel points, we also have the California DWR snow pillows, and the Env. Canada snow pillows in the Columbia R. drainage.
There are about 5 plots – some of which are for changes during the last week or two. 

## UW Forecast System:  Spatial Products

**SWE**

**Soil Moisture**

**Runoff**

**Precip**

**Temp**

- Apr-06
- May-06
- Jun-06

## Slide 24

## WaterNet: Concept

***Evolve a network of partners: ***identify and analyze partner organizations to define collaboration pathways.
***Routinely identify, prioritize, mine and communicate relevant research products and results.***
***Optimize water cycle partner access*** to research results and products to create a self-sustaining network.
***Analyze and document*** the network effectiveness through metrics, resource estimates and documentation.
***Education and outreach ***is important to help society understand and use the research in every-day application.

**WaterNet:** Concept

## Current and Future Solicitations

**REASoN CAN****	****(Awards 2003)****	****Runs FY04-FY09**
**Decisions CAN****	****(Awards 6/05)****	****Runs FY06-FY08****	****3 Water Mgmt **
**ROSES 2005  ****	****(Awards 3/06)****	****Runs FY06/7-FY09****	****2 Water Mgmt**
**ROSES 2006****	****No solicitation planned**
**ROSES 2007 ****	****(Awards 10/07)****	****Runs FY08-FY10**
**ROSES 2008 ****	****(Awards 10/08)****	****Runs FY09-FY11**
**ROSES 2009****	****(Awards 10/09)****	****Runs FY10-FY12**
**ROSES 2010****	****(Awards 10/10)****	****Runs FY11-FY13**
**. . .  **
*(ROSES: Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science)*

**NASA Applied Sciences Program Applications Opportunities**

## Water Management – Top 5 Goals (2006-2010)

**Water Management – Top 5 Goals (2006-2010)**

_**Top 5 Things to Accomplish Over Next 5 Years: **_
**1. Increase Number, Scientific Credibility & User Acceptance of Benchmark Reports**
**2. Strong, Competitive Proposals & Teams, Workshops and NASA Working Group Team**
- 	- Outreach, program alignment & networking efforts to inform and interact with water management community (UCOWR, AWRA, ASCE, AGU, IGARSS, ACWI, SWAQ, etc.) and to solicit new projects
**3. Models & Future Sensors and Ties to NASA Community**
- 	- Strong model focus & preparations for future sensors & programs (GPM, NPP, Aquarius, WatER, Soil Moisture, Snow Pack, GRACE Follow-On, etc.).  Work with partners to anticipate value of new NASA missions, science results, and data/network systems.
**4. Strengthen Federal Agency Involvement**
- 	- FY05 BoR, EPA, NOAA-NCEP, USDA-NRCS, SWAQ
- 	- FY06 NOAA OHD/RFC, USGS, Army, AFWA,  Army Corp of Engineers, NASA Centers
- 	- FY10: Strengthen; State Department & USAID for Int’l Efforts and Solutions Networking.
**5. Extend beyond Federal Agencies and Leverage with Other Groups and Programs **
- 	- Leverage with other programs GEO, GEWEX, HELP, USGS: WCIP-ACWI, UCOWR,  etc.
**Key Issues:**  1) Need for more Integrated Systems Solutions; 2) Consortium of Agencies, Universities, NGOs, and Private Groups Working Together; 3) Characterizing NASA Outputs better for Applications & Away from Lumped to Distributed Modeling; and 4) Demonstrated Ongoing Work and Actual Use of NASA Products.

## Thank You