# Presentation: 950695

## The EngineeringChallenges of ITERNorbert HoltkampPDDG NomineeOctober 16th, 2006

## Content

- Project Scope, Cost and Schedule
- Relationship between IO and Domestic agencies (DAs)
- Design Review
- Summary

## The ITER Scope

- Will cover an area of about 60 ha
- Large buildings up to 170  m long
- Large number of systems** **

- Tokamak building

- Tritium building

- Cryoplant buildings

- Magnet power
- convertors buildings

- Hot
- cell

- Cooling towers

**Notes:**

ITER will cover an area of about 60 ha.
The core of the machine is located in a large building on a seiimically isolated basemat, this building has a foot print of 110 by 75 m
Around it the systems required for the machine operations are located such as the Tritium plant building, the Cryoplant and cryocompressors buildings,
The magnet power conversion buildings, the hot cell and the heat sink

## Integrated Project Schedule

**2005**

**2006**

**2007**

**2008**

**2009**

**2010**

**2011**

**2012**

**2013**

**2014**

**2015**

**ITER IO**

**LICENSE TO CONSTRUCT**

**TOKAMAK ASSEMBLY STARTS**

**FIRST**** ****PLASMA**

**Bid**

**Contract**

**EXCAVATE**

**TOKAMAK BUILDING**

**OTHER BUILDINGS**

**TOKAMAK ASSEMBLY**

**COMMISSIONING**

**MAGNET**

**VESSEL**

**Bid**

**Vendor’s Design**

**Bid**

**Install**
**cryostat**

**First sector**

**Complete VV**

**Complete **
**blanket/divertor**

**PFC**

**Install CS**

**First sector**

**Last sector**

**Last CS**

**Last TFC**

**CS**

**PFC**

**TFC**

**fabrication start**

**Contract**

**Contract**

**2016**

**Construction License Process**

**Integrated Project Schedule**

**Notes:**
The construction phase will last about 10 years from the construction agreement to the first plasma. 
As I just said, we expect that the sometime in mid 2006 the agreement will be signed and after ratification by some parties it will enter into force in early 2007. Only then the ITER International Organisation will formally exist.
In the meantime however we shall have to work very hard to prepare for those items in the critical path. Firstly we shall have to complete the nuclear licensing process, and there we expect to obtain a license sometime in early 2008.
Moreover we shall have to proceed to prepare as much as possible the procurement of long-lead items such as the construction of the main buildings as well as the construction of the vacuum vessel and the magnet.

## The Scope, the Schedule and the Cost of ITER

- The Scope: is clear.
- The Schedule: is clear
- The Cost: 3.578 kIUA (~5.000 M€)
-           including 80 kIUA R&D
-           including 477 kIUA Project Team
-           + 188 kIUA Operation/year
-           + 281 kIUA for deactivation
-           + 530 kIUA for decommissioning

## Procurement Sharing

- Example for the Procurement Sharing Agreements

## Roles & Responsibilities for Construction

- The Field Team Leader (FTL) is part of the IO but works mainly with the DA.
- Interfaces between DA and IO.
- Submits cost, schedule and performance info each month to the project office (PO).
- Uses technical expertise from IO to resolve production issues within the DA (if necessary).

- PDDG
- PO

- DA

- FTLQAPM

- Tech.
- Eng.

- DA

- DA

## Urgent R&D Goals & Engineering Challenges

- Urgent R&D needed in several areas that have been identified already:
- Nb3Sn strand-in-cable performance
- NbTi conductor performance
- Neutral beam development
- Flexibility during operation (example: first wall material choice)
- Long list of technical risks, that has been addressed in earlier R&D programs and is not quite finished.
- List of R&D items that will come out as the result of the design review.

## Recent Results from EU Strands

- Performances under ITER TF operating conditions

**Recent Results from EU Strands**

## PF Coil Test (JA, EU, RU, CH)

- PF Coil test proves stable operation of long (40m) conductor length under ITER operating conditions. Program started in 2000.
- Test on short samples not adequate for qualification of NiTi cable.
- First test of ITER-PF-type joint @ high B and  relevant dBZ(t), dBR(t)

- Confirmation of design criteria of the NbTi conductor and joint design.
- At present the coil is in the UK awaiting revival of the JA test facility.
- Negotiation on cost sharing is ongoing.

## Two NBI – 16.5 MW each (40A, 1 MV)

- Ion Beam source:
- W filaments
- Radio frequency
- Accelerator:
- SINGAP (EU)
- MAMUG (JAPAN)

**Two NBI – 16.5 MW each (40A, 1 MV)**

**Neutral Beam System**

- Electron and ion current for 600 s beam pulse; current density 250 A/m2 in D. Small scale source at IPP Garching
- Full scale test facility will have to be built at RFX Padova

## Flexibility: First Wall Material Choice

- Present reference design of ITER uses beryllium FW, tungsten divertor throat, and carbon target plates.
- ITER should be designed to be flexible enough to allow divertor cassette plasma-facing components and blanket module FW to be replaced.

## The Design Review

- Since 2001, when last full baseline design was set, further R&D has been carried out.
- Improvements need to be fully reflected into overall design, and issues, if any, need to be clearly identified and resolved.
- All Parties will participate in the process through involvement of the PT leaders and their experts in the working groups of the design review.
- Senior management decision-making will be aided by a Technical Advisory Group.
- As a result of the design review, the allocation of the 80kIUA R&D funds (minus already defined high priority R&D) will be determined.

## Change Process

- Design change process was so far limited to IO.
- Documentation was updated in 2004 but not approved.
- The ITER issue card system is now being used as the tool for documenting open questions and for tracking their resolution.
- The WGs will go through the issue cards, prioritize and recommend solutions to management.
- IO will coordinate integration into new baseline.
- The revised documentation will be submitted to the ITER Council in Spring 2007 for approval of the new baseline.- _Probably followed by external review._

## Initial Working Groups

- 1.	Design Requirements and Physics Objectives
- 2.	Safety Issues and Licensing
- 3.	Buildings, especially the Tokamak building
- 4.	Magnet system
- 5.	Vacuum Vessel and its interfaces
- 6.	Neutral Beams
- 7.	Tritium Plant
- The first group will check whether the design requirements are consistent with the ITER objectives with input from ITPA.
- The other groups will check that the design to be implemented conforms to its requirements.

## Design Change Integration

- General approach
- Quantify the monetary, scope or schedule impact of the change, as well as the man-hours needed for integration and who is supposed to provide them.
- Clarify the impact on other WBS elements as precisely as possible.
- Clarify whether the cost increase is a result of changes/conditions imposed by a Party.
- Overall budget is fixed -> changes which lead to cost increases, work or designs identified as not finished or any other task that requires budget and was not foreseen before,  need to be _offset:_
- proposed _offsets in kind_ to keep the Total Project Cost (TPC) constant.
- proposed _offsets in terms of scope_ (scope increase in one WBS versus scope decrease in another).
- proposed offset using contingency.
- flagging of imposed changes and information management in order to contact the Party.

## Summary

- ITER Organisation is still in a transitional phase.
- Very important to establish legal entity as soon as possible to effectively execute all tasks of the construction project.
- Recruiting and strengthening the team is a prime concern.
- Holding cost and schedule is important to gain thrust for the project.
- Executing the Design Review effectively to establish new baseline and involve world community is necessary
- A whole bunch of luck will be required too...