# Presentation: 388086

## NASA’s Earth Science Update 

**NASA’s Earth Science Update**
**Dr. Jack Kaye,**
**Associate Director for Research**
**Earth Science Division**
**Science Mission Directorate**
**NASA Headquarters**
** **

- The Third NASA/JAXA International TRMM Science Conference
*February 4, 2008   Las Vegas, NV*

##  SMD  Leadership Team

**Chief Scientist (J. Mather)**
**DCS for ES (Randy Friedl) **
**DCS for SS (Andy Cheng)**

**Management &****Policy Division****Dir. (R. Maizel)****Deputy (Vacant)**

**Heliophysics****Division**
**Dir. (R. Fisher)****Deputy (V. Elsbernd-Act)**

**Astrophysics****Division**
**Dir. (J. Morse)****Deputy (R. Howard)**

**Planetary Science**
**Division**
**Dir. (J. Green)****Dep. (J. Adams)**

**Associate Administrator (AA) (Alan Stern)**
**Deputy AA (Todd May - Acting)**

**Deputy AA for Programs****(Todd May - Detailee)**
**Jim Adams - Acting**

**Senior Advisor for R & A **
**(Yvonne Pendleton)**

**Earth Science**
**Division**
**Dir. (****M. Freilich****)****Deputy (****B. Cramer****) **
**Dep - Programs (M. Luther)**

**Budget (C. Tupper)**

**Policy & Administration **
**   ****(G. Williams- Act)**

**Applied Science ****(****T. Fryberger****)**

**Research (J. Kaye)**

**Flight (S. Volz)**

**Mars Program****(D. McCuistion)**

**Senior Advisor for **
**Science Process & Ethics**
**(Paul Hertz)**

**Chief of Staff**
**(Jens Feeley - Act)**

**Special Asst for NEOs and Exploration **
**(Dan Durda)**

**AAA for Strategy, Policy & International**
**(Marc Allen)**

**Blue dashed boxes denote individuals who report **
**to other organizations, but support SMD**

**Science Mission Directorate Organization Chart**

## SMD: The Road Ahead

** ****We Will Get More Science Done With Our Budget.**
** ****We Will Help Ensure “The Vision” Succeeds.**
** ****We Will Promote U.S. Leadership Across All of **
**    ****SMD’s Science Disciplines.**
** ****We Will Improve SMD’s Actual and Perceived **
**    ****Impact on and Relevance to the Public.**
** ****We Will Create a Great Workplace.**

## Current Satellite Program

- TRMM 10th anniversary***
- SEAWiFs 10th anniversay
- A-Train operations
- Senior Review for continuation of missions past prime period

## Existing SMD Flight Program

**Existing SMD Flight Program**

- Based on FY08 Budget (does not reflect 09 Administration Budget Request)

## Decadal Survey Recommendations	

- Decadal Survey Recommendations

- Overarching Recommendation
- The U.S. government, working in concert with the private sector, academe, the public, and its international partners, should renew its investment in Earth observing systems and restore its leadership in Earth science and applications.
- NOAA and NASA should undertake a _set_ of 17 recommended missions, phased over the next decade
- NOAA research to operations
- Vector ocean winds
- GPS radio occultation temperature, water vapor and electron density profiles
- Total solar irradiance/and Earth Radiation (NPP) and restored to NPOESS
- NASA
- 15 missions in small, medium and large categories
- Also need to invest in R&A, applied sciences, technology, ground networks, airborne science (including UASs)

**NRC Decadal Survey Recommendations**

## NRC Recommended Missions - Early/Mid

| Decadal Survey Mission | Mission Description | Orbit | Instruments | $ Estimate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Timeframe 2010 – 2013, Missions listed by cost |  |  |  |  |
| CLARREO (NASA portion)  | Solar and Earth radiation: spectrally resolved forcing and response of the climate system  | LEO, Precessing | Absolute, spectrally-resolved interferometer | $200 M |
| SMAP | Soil moisture and freeze/thaw for weather and water cycle processes | LEO, SSO | L-band radar
L-band radiometer | $300 M |
| ICESat-II | Ice sheet height changes for climate change diagnosis | LEO, Non-SSO | Laser altimeter | $300 M |
| DESDynI | Surface and ice sheet deformation for understanding natural hazards and climate; vegetation structure for ecosystem health | LEO, SSO | L-band InSAR
Laser altimeter | $700 M |
| Timeframe: 2013 – 2016, Missions listed by cost |  |  |  |  |
| HyspIRI | Land surface composition for agriculture and mineral characterization; vegetation types for ecosystem health | LEO, SSO | Hyperspectral spectrometer | $300 M |
| ASCENDS | Day/night, all-latitude, all-season CO2 column integrals for climate emissions | LEO, SSO | Multifrequency laser | $400 M |
| SWOT | Ocean, lake, and river water levels for ocean and inland water dynamics | LEO, SSO | Ka-band wide swath radar
C-band radar | $450 M |
|  GEO-CAPE | Atmospheric gas columns for air quality forecasts; ocean color for coastal ecosystem health and climate emissions | GEO | High and low spatial resolution hyperspectral imagers | $550 M |
| ACE | Aerosol and cloud profiles for climate and water cycle; ocean color for open ocean biogeochemistry | LEO, SSO | Backscatter lidar
Multiangle polarimeter
Doppler radar | $800 M |

**NRC Recommended Missions - Early/Mid**

- Pink = <$900 M; Green = $300-$600 M; Blue = <$300 M

## NRC Recommended Missions - Late

-  *Cloud-independent, high temporal resolution, lower accuracy SST to complement, not replace, global
-    operational high-accuracy SST measurement

| Timeframe: 2016 -2020, Missions listed by cost |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| LIST | Land surface topography for landslide hazards and water runoff | LEO, SSO | Laser altimeter | $300 M |
| PATH | High frequency, all-weather temperature and humidity soundings for weather forecasting and SST* | GEO | MW array spectrometer | $450 M |
| GRACE-II | High temporal resolution gravity fields for tracking large-scale water movement | LEO, SSO | Microwave or laser ranging system | $450 M |
| SCLP | Snow accumulation for fresh water availability | LEO, SSO | Ku and X-band radars
K and Ka-band radiometers | $500 M |
| GACM | Ozone and related gases for intercontinental air quality and stratospheric ozone layer prediction | LEO, SSO | UV spectrometer
IR spectrometer
Microwave limb sounder | $600 M |
| 3D-Winds
(Demo) | Tropospheric winds for weather forecasting and pollution transport | LEO, SSO | Doppler lidar | $650  M |

**NRC Recommended Missions - Late**

- Pink = <$900 M; Green = $300-$600 M; Blue = <$300 M

## Decadal Survey Ongoing Activities

**Decadal Survey Ongoing Activities**

- Completing “building block” calibrations of NRC missions
- Ensure consistent, rational basis for costs
- Full (LCC) mission cost (including NASA science teams/analyses, mission extension)
- 2 additional independent cost-estimation efforts (Aerospace, LaRC IPAO)
- Developing joint (with NOAA) mitigation strategies for NPOESS climate sensors
- NASA-NOAA study for OSTP
- NRC/SSB Workshop (science impacts, priorities, approaches)
- Limb Sensor restored to OMPS on NPP; CERES restoration to NPP being confirmed
- Discussions with International Partners (Spring/Summer 07)
- Determine common interests, complementary capabilities
- JAXA/METI, CNES, CSA, ESA, CEOSS, WMO/SP, DLR meetings held
- Bilateral new mission working groups initiating (CNES, JAXA, DLR)
- Implemented “Early Mission” workshops
- Confirm/refine match between science objective and notional mission
- Determine necessary “context” measurements for science objective
- Community involvement, HQ led
- Workshops comleted Summer 2007 for SMAP, CLARREO, ICESat-II, DESDynI - reports available online

## Decadal Survey Follow-On Activities

- Science Workshop follow-up for 1st four missions in FY08
- Begin highest priority activities recommended in workshop reports: trade studies, technology investigations, science algorithm studies
- Decadal Survey Program Activities
- Conduct  cross mission analyses investigating potential cooperative mission activities
- Common technologies, launch vehicle interfaces, spacecraft bus
- International partnership discussions, for part of instruments, whole instruments, and possibly shared or traded missions
- ESTO Instrument Incubator Program
- Beginning in April 2007, planned IIP call was completely refocused on the Decadal Survey missions
- Proposals in house now, awards in March
- Refine 2nd & 3rd Tier Mission Activities
- Review and revisit all mission concept studies to determine what focused study follow-on activities are warranted
- Begin planning for science workshops for selected second tier missions

## SMD’S Earth Science Funding Priorities

- Bring missions now in development to launch and operation within their budget envelopes.
- Initiate new Decadal Survey missions, considering flight rate, available budget, science capability, and technical readiness. Our objective will be to advance the total program fastest, which may mean occasional compromises on individual mission capabilities.
- Pursue a Venture class line for new and innovative ideas.

**SMD’S Earth Science Funding Priorities**

## NRC Study: Earth Observations from Space - The First 50 Years of Scientific Achievement

- Report Conclusions (summarized)
- Daily synoptic view of Earth from space has revolutionized Earth studies and helped society manage environment and resources
- Long time series are required and the value of data sets increases with time
- Scientific advances result from science-technology synergy, and societal benefit of measurements increases with increasing accuracy
- Have indisputable benefit of multiple synergistic observations (satellite and non-satellite) linked with models
- To achieve full benefit of observations, need infrastructure (models, computing, ground networks, personnel)
- Full and open access to global data capitalizes on investment
- Space observations have catalyzed interdisciplinary science and can be expected to lead to remarkable discoveries in the future
*Summary Statement* : ”The decadal survey and this committee both recommend that the nation’s commitment to continue Earth observations from space be renewed.”

## Backup Slides

## Earth Science Division Organization

***Research***

***Flight Programs***

***Applied Sciences***

**Jack Kaye,                           Associate Director**
**Lucia Tsaoussi, Deputy  Associate Director**

**Steve Volz,                           Associate Director**
**Steve Neeck, Deputy  Associate Director (Act.)**

**Teresa Fryberger,                           Associate Director**
**(Vacant), Deputy  Associate Director**

*Nov. 29, 2007 pm*

***Earth Science Technology Office ******(@ GSFC)***

**George Komar, Associate Director                      **
**Amy Walton, Deputy**

## Earth Science Missions in Development and Formulation

| NPOESS Preparatory Project^
Strategic mission - Systematic measurement  | Required for continuity of several key climate measurements between EOS and NPOESS |
| --- | --- |
| Landsat Data Continuity Mission
Strategic mission - Systematic measurement  | Required for continuity of long-term global land cover change data; plan for post-LDCM acquisition operational agency in work |
| Ocean Surface Topography Mission*^
Strategic mission - Systematic measurement  | Required for continuity ocean altimetry; planned as part of a transition to operational agencies |
| Glory
Strategic mission - Initiate New Measurement and Continue Systematic Measurement | Addresses high priority objective of the US Climate Change Science Program and provide continuity for total solar irradiance |
| Orbiting Carbon Observatory 
Competed mission - Earth System Science Pathfinder | First dedicated global measurement of CO2 from space |
| Aquarius*
Competed mission - Earth System Science Pathfinder | First dedicated global measurement of sea surface salinity from space |
| Global Precipitation Measurement*
Initializes a systematic measurement | Extend spatial coverage to global and temporal coverage to every 3 hours with constellation |

- Earth Science Mission Priorities and Rationale** **

- * Represents International Partnership
- ^ Represents Interagency Partnership

**Earth Science Missions in Development and Formulation**

## Solicitation Review Status

**	****Selections Recently Completed (since summer, 2007)^**
**Year****	****Element****	****	****	****Due****	**** Result**
- 2005	Earth Surface and Interior	11/1/07	35 of 72
- EOS recompetion (Terra/Aqua) 	7/18/06	125 of 322
- 2006   GRACE Science Team	9/26/06	22 of 32
- GNSS RSS team		8/28/06	7 of 18
- 2006	MEaSUREs 		3/5/07	29 of 86
- 2006	Atmos Comp R&M		6/15/06	21 of 52
- 2007	Airborne Inst Tech Tm	5/16/07	7 of 36
- 2007	ARCTAS			6/15/07	40 of 73
- 2007	Wind Lidar Science Program	5/16/07	5 of 13
- 2006	Atmos Chem M&A		10/31/06	12 of 64
- 2007	ACCESS			6/1/07	10 of 30
- Carbon Cycle Sci.*		6/6/07	35 of 113
- 2007	Physical Oceanog.		6/28/07	11 of 37
- Decisions			5/25/07	34 of 120
- 2007	Space Archaeology		7/25/07
- 2007	Accel. Oper. Use Res. Data 	9/27/07
- 2007	Land Cover Land Use Change	10/1/07
- * Joint with USDA (and includes both R&A, Applied Science)
- ^ Results of some are not yet posted

## Field Campaign Highlights

**AIM (Arctic Ice Mission**, May 1-11) - flew P-3 over Greenland - 7 flights using Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) and Pathfinder Advanced Radar Ice Sounder (PARIS) instrument. Emphasis was on outlet glaciers known to have thinned (or believed to be starting to thin) and long transects for ICESat validation.
**Cloud and Land Surface Interaction Campaign (CLASIC) **NASA emphasizing soil moisture relevant to Aqua and future soil moisture measurements, and supporting boundary layer measurements with tethersondes and helicopter.  June 2007
**TC-4** - summer deployment to Costa Rica (ER-2, WB-57, DC-8) for tropical process study and A-train validation (especially Aura). July-Aug 2007.
**Hurricane Boundary Layer mission: **Flew Aerosonde Mark III into Hurricane Noel Nov 2 from WFF. Flown jointly with the NOAA P-3; NASA B-200 used as escort first 80 miles (until weather deteriorated)
**Cold Land Processes II: **Deployed Twin Otter to Alaska Nov 16 to measure snowpacks during 8 flights, 48 hours. Phase 1 completed early December.
**Western States Fire Mission 2007 – NASA/USFS/DHS - FEMA/CA OES: **Flew 8 fire missions from Washington to Montana to San Diego – was on CNN, DHS supported southern California extended mission. Data to Incident Command Centers via internet within minutes of acquisition – used operationally. Flights lasted up to 20 hours, 84 mission hours total. Briefed President by DHS/FEMA