# Presentation: 537913

## RSVP Safety and Environmental Protection Issues

- E. Lessard
- Associate Chair for ESHQ
- Collider-Accelerator Department

## Basic Changes to AGS and Extraction

- New magnet systems within the AGS
- New AGS extraction line to Building 912

## Basic Changes to Building 912

- Two new target caves
- Two new beam dumps
- New activated soil areas
- New activated beam-line components

## Stakeholder Concerns for C-AD

- Community
- Groundwater contamination from cooling water leak (Newsday)
- Soil activation (Citizens Advisory Committee)
- Skyshine (BNL community)
- Regulators
- Suffolk County: groundwater contamination from leaks
- County wants all groundwater to be protected as drinking water
- County wants secondary containment for all tritiated water systems
- County wants alarms and monitoring for all tritiated water systems
- DOE: groundwater contamination from activated soil
- EPA: radioactive air emissions
- EPA: soil contamination from outdoor storage of shielding

## RSVP Radiological Aspects

- Contamination in air at target and beam dump
- Tritium contamination in cooling systems (H2O, He)
- Radioactive waste
- Radioactive atmospheric discharges
- Radioactive liquid effluents
- Storage/use of radioactive material
- Soil activation
- High residual radiation levels at the target area
- Moderate residual radiation from activated materials
- Very high in-beam radiation levels
- Radiation worker dose
- Skyshine

## Radiation Protection Design Policy

- Prevent contamination of the ground water
- Site-boundary dose equivalent < 5 mrem per year
- On-site dose to people (non-C-A) < 25 mrem per year
- C-AD areas where access is not controlled < 20 mrem
- Rad Worker - continuous < 0.5 mrem in one hour
- Rad Worker - incremental < 1000 mrem per year

## ALARA Design Policy

- ALARA triggers (loss limits) for incremental beam
- Operations procedures to bound losses
- Beam current transformers and loss monitors with alarm limits
- Long-term monitoring for integrated beam loss
- Residual radiation surveys
- Soil coupon monitors (i.e., small containers filled with sand)
- Shielded storage area for component storage and repair
- Modular concrete and steel shielding
- Caps over soil if > 5% of the Drinking Water Standard

## Estimated Radiation Levels at Target

- MECO (5 runs assumed, 4x1020 protons total)
- 8x1019 protons/run, 7.5 GeV/c, 20-week run, Pt Target
- 60 Curies in target at end of first run
- 100 R/h at end of run; 40 R/h after 1 day
- KOPIO (5 runs assumed, 9x1020 protons total)
- 1.8x1020 protons/run, 25.5 GeV/c, 20-week run, Pt Target
- 340 Curies in target at end of first run
- 220 R/h at end of run; 140 R/h after 1 day

## Access Control System Requirements

- PLCs
- Gates
- Alarms
- CATV
- Chipmunk Radiation Monitors
- Cables
- Iris Scanner
- Key Trees
- Testing

## AGS Average Was 10 to 13 TP/s at 24 GeV in 1995

- Loss was about 1% or more anywhere in AGS:
- Trenches at Switchyard, 40 to 50 mrem/h
- South Wiring Tunnel, 20 to 30 mrem/h
- AGS 913D Fan House, 10 to 50 mrem/h
- South Plug Door, 2 to 15 mrem/h
- AGS 913B Fan House, 10 to 12 mrem/h
- Need to grow to average of:
- 20 TP/s for KOPIO (25.5 GeV/c)
- 40 TP/s for MECO (7.5 GeV/c)

## RSVP Environmental Aspects

- Regulated Industrial Waste
- Hazardous Waste
- Mixed Waste
- Radioactive Waste
- Atmospheric Discharges
- Liquid Discharges
- Storage/Use Of Chemicals or Radioactive Material
- Soil Activation
- Power and Water Consumption
- Sensitive/Endangered Species and Sensitive Habitats

## RSVP Environmental Issues

- Sole source aquifer
- A few tens of cubic feet per year hazardous waste
- A few hundred cubic feet per year radioactive waste
- Low-level radiation exposures to workers and community
- NY State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit
- NESHAPs airborne emission evaluation
- Potential to contaminate groundwater may be controversial

## Driver for Capping AGS Ring

## AGS Monitoring Wells, 1997

## AGS Monitoring Wells, 2003

## g-2 Soil-Shield Experience

-  3x1018 Protons Lost Prior to g-2 Berm Cap
-  Loss equals 0.33% of KOPIO Beam

## g-2 Caps Over Soil Shielding

- Existing Dump Cap Over Soil

- New Cap Over Soil Leading to g-2

## g-2 Experience Post Berm Cap

-   4x1017 Protons Lost Post Cap
-  Loss equals 0.04% of KOPIO Beam

## KOPIO and MECO Cooling Issues

- Radioactive cooling systems
- Cooling tower with isolated closed loops
- System controls to monitor and react to water leaks
- All tritiated water systems to comply with Article 12
- Groundwater monitoring wells needed
- ~600 mCi of 3H (KOPIO cooling water)
- NESHAPS assessment for tritiated boil-off in MECO, if any
- Explosion and ODH issues if LN2 is used

## Tritium and Water Issues in Building 912

- Target/dump are 6-m above maximum water-table height
- Shields will be designed to avoid direct groundwater activation
- Waterproofing Building 912 floor near dump and target
- Roof of Building 912 is being repaired ($2x106 DOE funds)

## Occupational Safety Aspects

- Non-ionizing radiation exposure
- Working with hazardous or toxic materials
- Exposure to electrical hazards
- Oxygen deficiency hazards
- Kinetic energy hazards
- Potential energy hazards
- Thermal energy hazards
- Cryogenic temperatures

## Electrical Safety / Fire Safety / Cryogenic Safety / Equipment Handling Issues  

- Damaged/aging AGS Ring and Booster components:
- Magnets, cables and breakers need to be repaired, replaced
- Experimental safety reviews required, for example:
- Equipment must meet UL or equivalent
- Experimental layout must be OSHA compliant
- Electrical safety reviews required
- Quench protection and power supplies
- Cryogenic reviews required
- ODH, controls and pressure vessels
- Critical lift reviews

## RSVP ESHQ Documentation Aspects

- National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
- Permits (NESHAPS, SPDES)
- DOE Authorization Documents:
- Safety Assessment Document (SAD)
- Accelerator Safety Envelope (ASE)
- Accelerator Readiness Review (ARR)

## NEPA Requirements

- Pre-Construction Needs:
- Baseline groundwater monitoring
- Baseline external radiation monitoring
- Environmental Assessment and FONSI (done)
- Covered by AGS EA #0909
- Air and water emissions permits

## RSVP Commissioning / Operations Requirements

- Safety Assessment Document (Complete)
- Site and facility descriptions
- Descriptions of ESH and operations programs
- Safety analysis
- Quality assurance program description
- Decommissioning plan
- Needed:
- Environmental Process Evaluations
- Facility Risk Assessments
- Job Risk Assessments
- Accelerator Safety Envelope
- Accelerator Readiness Review

- }

- }

- DOE Order 420.2B