# Presentation: 695715

## Slide 1

## The Global Seabird Programme...

**Many species are highly migratory including the high seas**
**Face common threats, most pervasive threat mortality at-sea**
**so, limited effectiveness of national efforts in isolation**
**site based threats addressed more effectively by national efforts**
**1997 - BL identified a need for an internationally coordinated programme**

**Notes:**
Slide 13 - migrations of South Georgia grey-headed albatrosses

• In non-breeding years (every second year) grey-headed albatrosses circumnavigate the entire world, sometimes twice. This grey-headed albatrosses bred at South Georgia in the summer of 1998/1999, flew around the world in the winter of 1999, spent the summer of 1999/2000 in the South Atlantic then migrated around the world again in the winter of 2000. It returned to South Georgia for the 2000/2001 breeding season. 

## LONG-LIVED or LONG-LINED???

- 19 of 21 species of albatross are threatened with
- extinction (IUCN Red List) and all five
- members of *Procellaria* genus
- Primary threat to most species is mortality in
- longline (and trawl) fisheries

## Slide 4

## Slide 5

## Slide 6

## Slide 7

## Relative decline of seabirds/waterbirds

**Relative decline of seabirds/waterbirds**

## Slide 9

## How do we apply potential solutions?

- Where are the critical areas
- Bycatch data
*Tracking Ocean Wanderers*
- (2) Who is responsible for management action?
- Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)
- ‘high seas’  RFMOs
- (3) How do we most effectively target these countries/organisations?
- Advocacy – improve ocean governance and management
- Action – collaborative action to work with fishermen and management bodies to reduce seabird mortality

- Delivering Science

## Tracking Ocean Wanderers

- Remote tracking database - powerful international scientific resource, managed by the GSP
- Summarises 90% of remote tracking
- 	data for albatrosses and petrels
- New level of understanding of seabird
- 	distribution in space and time and
- 	overlap with fishing effort
- 	(bycatch ‘hotspots’) in EEZ and
- 	‘high seas’

**Notes:**
Against this background, BirdLife International, with generous support from the Wallace Research Foundation, invited all holders of remote-tracking data for albatrosses and petrels to a Global Procellariiform Tracking Workshop.  This was held at Gordon’s Bay, South Africa from 1-5 September 2003. The workshop was attended by 28 scientists from 8 countries.  Data were provided for 19 of the 23 species of albatross and giant petrel.

## Data points in remote tracking database

## Overlap with longline fishing effort

- Overlap of the combined density grid of breeding albatrosses and petrels with total pelagic effort (blue) and demersal effort (green) for 1998.
- Fisheries data from Tuck *et al.* (2003)

**Notes:**
Areas where albatrosses in general are at high risk from fisheries interactions can be identified by overlaying combined density grids with fishing effort data. The management of these areas could involve the mandatory use of appropriate mitigation measures, and/or other restrictions on fishing during certain crucial periods in the breeding cycle.

Note, however that the fishing data are based on “reported” hooks and do not include any IUU or unreported effort to RFMOs. The figures also do not include any Chilean or Argentinian effort.

Tuck G.N., Polacheck T., Bulman C.M. (2003) Spatio-temporal trends of longline fishing effort in the Southern Ocean and implications for seabird bycatch Biol Conserv 114 (1): 1-27

Data sources:
Black-browed - Chile: - G. Robertson & J. Arata (unpublished)
Black-browed - Falklands: - Huin N. (2002) Foraging distribution of the Black-browed Albatross, Thalassarche melanophris, breeding in the Falkland Islands Aquat Conserv 12 (1): 89-99.
Black-browed - South Georgia: - Prince P.A., Croxall J.P., Trathan P.N., Wood A.G. (1998). The pelagic distribution of South Georgia albatrosses and their relationships with fisheries. In G. Robertson & R. Gales (eds) Albatross biology and conservation, Surrey Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton, Australia 137-167. ; British Antarctic Survey (unpublished)
Grey-headed - Chile: - G. Robertson & J. Arata (unpublished) 
Grey-headed - South Georgia :- Prince P.A., Croxall J.P., Trathan P.N., Wood A.G. (1998). The pelagic distribution of South Georgia albatrosses and their relationships with fisheries. In G. Robertson & R. Gales (eds) Albatross biology and conservation, Surrey Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton, Australia 137-167. ; British Antarctic Survey (unpublished)
Tristan – Cuthbert, R.J., Hilton, G., Ryan, P.G., Tuck, G. (submitted). At-sea distribution of the Tristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena and the relationship with pelagic longline fishing in the South Atlantic Ocean. Biological Conservation.
Wandering - Prince P.A., Croxall J.P., Trathan P.N., Wood A.G. (1998). The pelagic distribution of South Georgia albatrosses and their relationships with fisheries. In G. Robertson & R. Gales (eds) Albatross biology and conservation, Surrey Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton, Australia 137-167. ; Croxall J.P., Prince P.A. (1996). Potential interactions between Wandering Albatrosses and longline fisheries for Dissostichus at South Georgia. CCAMLR Science 3: 101-110.
Northern Giant – British Antarctic Survey (unpublished)
Southern Giant – South Georgia :- Gonzalez-Solis J., Croxall J.P., Wood A.G. (2000) Foraging partitioning between giant petrels Macronectes spp. and its relationship with breeding population changes at Bird Island, South Georgia Mar Ecol-Prog Ser 204: 279-288.
Southern Giant – Argentina :- Quintana, F., Dell'Arciprete, O. P. (2002). Foraging grounds of southern giant petrels (Macronectes giganteus) on the Patagonian shelf. Polar Biology 25, no. 2: 159-61. ; F. Quintana (unpublished)
White-chinned  - Berrow S.D., Wood A.G., Prince P.A. (2000). Foraging location and range of White-chinned Petrels Procellaria aequinoctalis breeding in the South Atlantic. J Avian Biol 31: 303-311.

## RFMOs: central to sustainable oceans

- Overlap of the combined density grid of breeding albatrosses and petrels with Regional Fisheries Management Organisations management areas

**RFMOs: central to sustainable oceans**

**Notes:**
Leon, pretty self explanatory I guess. The top three for seabirds are the Convention for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT), Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) and International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT).

## Variation and progress in RFMO performance

**-**

**-**

**-**

**Albatross distribution**

- (Red indicates progress made since Small 2005)

## Reduction of seabird bycatch in longline fisheries 

**CCAMLR**

**1997: 6589 seabirds**
**2003: 15 seabirds**
***A 99% reduction***

## Albatross Task Force

**Albatross Task Force**

- First team of  international instructors to demonstrate to fishermen the adoption of mitigation measures
- At-sea and on-shore training
- Target global bycatch ‘hotspots’ (*Tracking Ocean Wanderers*)

## Albatross Task Force

- Create links with government to generate incentives for the  adoption of mitigation measures
- Provide capacity in developing countries to meet commitments under international law and policy framework
- Phase I -  Argentina, Brazil, Chile, South Africa  (2006)
- Phase II - Namibia, Peru, Uruguay, Ecuador.

## EL EQUIPO DEL ALBATROSS TASK FORCE

**EL EQUIPO DEL ALBATROSS TASK FORCE**

**BRASIL**

**SUDAFRICA**

**FABIANO PEPPES**

**MARIA HONIG**

**ANTONIO MIGUEL MIGUÉIS**

**MEIDAD GOREN**

## ATF in Brazil

- Coordination: Projeto Albatroz
- 2 Instructors working from September 2006:
-  Santos Harbor (Fabiano)
-  Itajai Harbor (Antonio Miguel)

## PROJETO ALBATROZBase de Itajaí – SC - Brasil

**PROJETO ALBATROZ****Base de Itajaí – SC - Brasil**

_**ACCIONES ATF EN ITAJAI**_

**Montaje de Toriline **
**en los barcos**
**AKIRA V y AKIRA 0**

## ACCIONES DE DIVULGACION

**PROJETO ALBATROZ****Base de Itajaí – SC - Brasil**

**AMPLA DIVULGACION **
**EM LOS MEDIA **
**(TV, Radio y Periódicos)**

**GRANDE DIVULGACION EN **
**CONPANIAS DE PESCA**

**Y PARA PESCADORES**

## ACCIONES DE PROMOCION

**PROJETO ALBATROZ****Base de Itajaí – SC - Brasil**

**EN LA EXPONAUS 2006 **
**DE NAUTICA DE ITAJAI**

## ACCIONES PARA EDUCACION

**PROJETO ALBATROZ****Base de Itajaí – SC - Brasil**

## ATF in Chile 

- Start 2007:
- Dr. Carlos Moreno (UACH) – CBA (Centro Ballena Azul)
- Pelagic longline fleet (Artisanal and Industrial) fishing
- Swordfish.
- Center and Norte Chile (Valparaíso hasta Caldera).

- OBJECTIVES
- Achieve a full coverage of the fleet with observers on board.
-  To train instructors on mitigation measurements and form leaders of the fishing fleet.

## ATF in Argentina 

- Start 2007
- Lic. Fabián Rabuffetti – Aves Argentinas
- Industrial trawlers (freezers and fresh fish)
- Mar del Plata and north Patagonia)

- Objectives
- Instructors for the use and test of MM on board.
- Improve the coverage of the National Observer Programe (in terms of seabird by-catch).

## Marine IBAs

**Using species data to find the most important sites**
- Seaward extension of breeding colonies
- Important foraging areas for pelagic species
- Coastal concentrations of non-breeding birds
- Migration hotspots

## Marine IBAs Recent Progress

- 	Briefing paper for Partnership
- Review of relevant data on foraging radii
- Inventory of existing IBAs for seabirds
- Inventory of seabirds-at-sea data and assessment of utility for marine biome designation

## Advocacy

- National
-  Marine IBAs / Marine Protected Areas
- National Plans of Action to reduce seabird bycatch
-  International
- Convention on Biological Diversity
- ACAP: Agreement on Conservation of Albatrosses & Petrels
- UN Fish Stocks Agreement
- Regional Fisheries Management Organisations

- Future opportunities and challenges

- Non-native eradications
- Fisheries certification
- Habitat/site protection
- Pollution/shipping