# Presentation: 775607

## U.S. COAST GUARD NAVIGATION CENTER

**Notes:**
NAVCEN Command Brief for Galileo Security Committee (GSC) Visit 
22 NOV 2002

## NAVCEN Missions

- Meet SOLAS and Titles 14 & 33 CFR
- Operate radionavigation services per Federal Radionavigation Plan (FRP)
- Represent civil interests in GPS
- Disseminate NAV / Safety Marine Information
- Notices to Mariners
- Light Lists
- Develop Electronic Navigation Technologies
- Electronic Charting

**Notes:**
NAVCEN provides worldwide users with reliable navigation signals, timely operational status, general navigation and other information to meet SOLAS conventions and U.S. Code.
The Coast Guard Navigation Center (NAVCEN) controls and manages Coast Guard radionavigation systems consisting of 24 LORAN stations and 76 DGPS sites from 2 Control Stations in  Alexandria,Virginia, and Petaluma, California.
The Federal Radionavigation Plan (FRP) developed by the DOD and DOT sets forth the Federal interagency approach to the implementation and operation of common use radionavigation systems.
NAVCEN represents civil maritime interests in GPS in partnership with DOT in a variety of venues.
NAVCEN has in recent years become the Coast Guard’s single stop shopping place for navigation information services such as the Light List and Notice to Mariners.
NAVCEN has become a pivotal element in the development of electronic navigation and electronic charting technologies.

## GPS Management Structure

- Radionavigation
- Policy

** ****IGEB SSG**** **

**Notes:**
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based radionavigation system developed and operated by the Department of Defense.   GPS makes it possible for users to determine their three dimensional position, velocity, and time, 24 hours a day in all weather, anywhere in the world.  The GPS system provides a signal for civil users which, now that selective availability has been set to zero,  has a predicted accuracy of approximately 20 meters.
The Interagency GPS Executive Board was created by Presidential Decision Directive to manage GPS.  The IGEB is chaired jointly by DOT and DOD.
NAVCEN’s Commanding Officer is a member of the Senior Steering Group, that assists the IGEB in formulating major decisions regarding the management of GPS and its U.S. Government augmentations.
A memorandum of agreement between DOD and DOT governs the operation and use of the GPS.  DOD is responsible for the military users and operates the system.  DOT is responsible for representing the needs of the civil users and keeping DOD informed of those needs.  NAVCEN coordinates and manages the Civil GPS Service Interface Committee (CGSIC) as part of the Department of Transportation’s program to respond to the needs of civil GPS users, and to integrate GPS use into civil sector applications.  

## CGSIC is the World-Wide Forum Between CivilGPS Users and U.S. Government Service Providers

- Civil GPS Service Interface Committee

_**Chair, OST/P-7**_
**Deputy Chair **
_**CO, NAVCEN**_

_**Board**_
**Aviation**
**Land**
**Marine**
**GIAC**
**Subcommittee**
**    ****Chairs**
**State**

**General**
**Membership**

_**Subcommittees**_
**International **
**Timing **
**U.S. States &Localities**

**Intl. Deputy Chair **

**Notes:**
CGSIC is THE recognized world-wide forum for effective interaction between civil GPS users and the US  GPS authorities. The CGSIC Chair is Mike Shaw (SES), Director of DOT’s Radionavigation Policy Office.  The incumbent CO of NAVCEN serves as the Deputy Chair.   NAVCEN  is very involved in determining GPS civil user needs and communicating them to DOD.  The CGSIC has recently added a Deputy Chair for International Affairs with a person selected from the International community to serve in the position.  The first person serving in this position is Mr. Peter Grognard, Septentrio, Belgium
CGSIC comprises members from US and international, private, government, and industry user groups.  To address the concerns of various users, CGSIC has formed three major subcommittees:  International, Timing, and US States and Localities.

## Conduct GPS Information Exchange, Requirements and Studies
Identify GPS issues that need resolution by Interagency GPS Executive Board (IGEB)
600 Members:  U.S. Federal, State, Non-U.S., Industry, Universities, 58 Nations
Meet twice a year in plenary session
Subcommittees:  International, Timing,     U.S. States and Localities
Represent civil interests in DOD operations

- Identify GPS issues that need resolution by Interagency GPS Executive Board (IGEB)
- 600 Members:  U.S. Federal, State, Non-U.S., Industry, Universities, 58 Nations
- Meet twice a year in plenary session
- Subcommittees:  International, Timing,     U.S. States and Localities
- Represent civil interests in DOD operations

- Civil GPS Service Interface Committee

**Notes:**
CGSIC meets semiannually and is open to anyone interested in civil GPS issues.  A summary record of each meeting is available on the NAVCEN website.  Information from CGSIC members and meetings is provided to US  GPS authorities for consideration in GPS policy development and GPS service operation.
Each subcommittee represents specific segments of the user base, and meets separately at various times of the year and in locations convenient to the members.  
NAVCEN represents civil interests in U.S. government committees and DOD GPS system operations.

## NAVCEN Organization

## NAVCEN Liaison to GPS MCS

- Works closely with DOD staff to monitor GPS satellite operations and maintenance to safeguard civil interests.
- Coordinate issue resolution between the GPS user and the service providers.
- Provides the civil interface to the DOD GPS Support Center
- Supports civil users in resolving outages by facilitating outage reports, coordinating resolution and findings, and disseminating results

## RNAV NCA Organization

**Executive Branch ****of the ****U.S. Government**

**Department of Defense**

**USAF**

**Civil GPS**
**DGPS**
**NDGPS**
**LORAN-C**

**Department of Transportation**

**USCG**

**FAA**

**WAAS**
**TACAN**
**VORTAC**
**VOR**

**Plan for the Security Control of Air Traffic  and Air NAV Aids (SCATANA)**

## Differential GPS

- Satisfies Harbor Entrance & Approach, Inland Waterways & Terrestrial Requirements
- 42 Maritime Broadcast Sites, 11 USACE Sites, 23 NDGPS Sites, 2 Control Centers
- Achieved Full Operational Capability (FOC) on 15 March 1999
- Part of CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Stations) Network; sites report at 5 & 30 second intervals
- Part of GSOS (GPS Surface Observing System) Network;  aids in weather forecasting

**Notes:**
The USCG has developed an augmentation to GPS called Differential GPS (DGPS).  NAVCEN operates the maritime and inland DGPS service, consisting of 2 control centers and 76 remote broadcast sites.  The Maritime DGPS system achieved Full Operational Capability (FOC) on 15 March 1999.
The DGPS system that NAVCEN operates is a model for inter-agency cooperation and consolidation.  The system network actually consists of 3 separate but interoperable sets of broadcast sites – USCG maritime, Army Corps of Engineers, and DOT Nationwide DGPS.  Each of these sites also serve as hosts to other agency sensors that share the same facility.
The National Geodetic Survey (NGS), an office of NOAA's National Ocean Service, coordinates a network of continuously operating reference stations ( known as CORS) that provide GPS carrier and code measurements in support of precision surveying activities.  All of the DGPS sites operated by NAVCEN make GPS data available to CORS.  Data from the CORS system enables the surveying and scientific community to post process GPS positions with accuracies that approach a few centimeters relative to the National Spatial Reference System, both horizontally and vertically. 
The National Weather Service has installed surface weather sensors at selected DGPS sites to provide data for their GPS Surface Observing System (GSOS).  The combination of GPS and surface meteorological data provide a measurement of the integrated amount of perceptible water vapor directly above each site.  Precipitable water vapor data is key to accurate weather model forecasting. The first operational GSOS system was installed at the Key West, FL Maritime DGPS site in January, 1998.  To date, 88 GSOS sensor sets have been installed: 28 at USCG DGPS sites, 24 at DOT NDGPS sites, and the remainder at NOAA and other agency GPS facilities.  The National Weather Service plans to install GSOS equipment at all DGPS and NDGPS sites over the next few years.  

## U.S. DGPS Coverage

**Notes:**
The Maritime, ACOE, and DOT NDGPS sites broadcasts correction signals on MF radiobeacon frequencies to improve the accuracy and integrity of the GPS positions.  DGPS equipped receivers provide better than 10 meter accuracy, especially benefiting harbor and inland waterway navigation.  Maritime coverage includes US coastal areas, Great Lakes, Puerto Rico, most of the Gulf of Alaska, Hawaii, and the Western river system. Typical accuracy performance is 1 to 3 meters.

The Army Corps Of Engineers, partnered with the CG on the western rivers, and established 11 DGPS sites and continues to provide maintenance for each of these sites.  

Currently we are cooperating with the Office of the Secretary of Transportation, the Federal Railroad Administration, and Federal Highways Administration to expand DGPS coverage nationwide.  The DOT NDGPS Team goal in support of surface navigation modes is dual(or redundant) coverage to increase the availability of the DGPS signal from 99.7% to better than 99.9% across CONUS.

##     Nationwide DGPS

**  ****Grady**

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**   **

**   ****Hackleburg**

**   ****Bobo**

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**Oberlin**

** ****Topeka**

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** ****Onondaga**

** ****Medford**

** ****Edinburg**

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** ****Spokane**

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** ****Austin**

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** ****Bakersfield**

** ****Essex**

** ****Albuquerque**

** ****Summerfield**

** ****Pueblo**

**    ****Nationwide DGPS**

**  ****Nationwide**** Sites**
**  ****Maritime Sites**
**    ****Green - Operating **
**    ****Red - Planned**

** ****Whidbey Is**

** ****Robinson Pt**

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**Fort Stevens**

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**Cape ****Mendocino**

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**Point Blunt**

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**Pigeon Point**

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**Lompoc**

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**Point Loma**

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**Aransas Pass**

**Galveston**

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**English Turn**

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**Mobile****Point**

**Tampa **

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**Key West**

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**Miami**

**Cape Canaveral**

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**New Bern**

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**Sandy Hook**

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**Moriches**

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**Chatham**

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**Portsmouth**

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**Brunswick**

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**Millers Ferry**

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**Vicksburg**

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**Memphis**

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**Sallisaw**

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**Kansas****City**

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**St Louis**

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**Rock****Island**

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**St. Paul**

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**Wisconsin****     Point**

**Upper****Keweenaw**

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**Pickford**

**Cheboygan**

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**Sturgeon Bay**

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**Detroit**

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**Saginaw****Bay**

**Milwaukee**

** **

**Youngstown**

**Tucson**

**Munday**

**Jackson**

**Myton**

**El Paso**

**Gooding**

**Dandridge**

**Cincinnati**

**Monterey**

**Langtry**

**Rawlins**

**Kanab**

**Hagerstown**

**Martinsville**

**Middlebury**

** ****Jack Creek**

**Odessa**

**Greensboro**

** **

**Omaha**

**Pine River**

**Hannibal **

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**Louisville**

** **

**MAR/2002**

**Acushnet**

**Elmira**

** **

**  **

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**Annapolis**

** ****Canton **

**Iowa City**

**Pacific Junction**

** **

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**Ledyard**

** **

**Lincoln**

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** ****Wenatchee**

**Whitney**

**Clark**

**Chico**

**Penobscot**

**Charleston**

**Savannah**

** **

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**Hartsville**

** **

**Reedy Point**

** **

**Driver**

**Patten**

**Isabela**

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**Macon**

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**Flagstaff**

**Billings**

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**Hudson **
**     ****Falls**

** **

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**Kokole Point**

**Pahoa**

**Upolu Point**

- Hawaii

**Great Falls**

**Medora**

**Kensington**

**Fayetteville**

**Cape Hinchinbrook**

**Delta Junction**

**Biorka**

**Annette Island**

**Barrow**

**Prudhoe Bay**

**Klamath Falls**

**Hawk Run**

**Gustavus**

**Bettles**

**Ft. Yukon**

**McGrath**

**Kenai**

**Cold Bay**

**Galena**

**Nome**

**Seneca**

**Hooper Bay**

**Bethel**

**Dillingham**

**Glenallen**

**Clear AFB**

**Trapper Creek**

**Potato Point**

**Kodiak**

**Kotzebue**

**Appleton**

**Polson**

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**Level Island**

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**Notes:**
 Through Public Law 105-66, Congress authorized the Department of Transportation to implement NDGPS to meet surface transportation requirements.  NDGPS will ultimately install 60-80 sites that are fully compatible with the current Maritime and ACOE sites.  For user equipment, the signals will provide seamless National service coverage from a total network of 110-140 sites at full implementation.  NDGPS site installations and operations are funded on a reimbursable basis by other DOT agencies.

##  Worldwide DGPS Coverage

**Notes:**
The success of the United States DGPS system has set the worldwide standard for DGNSS, Differential Global Navigation Satellite Systems.  Over 40 countries now provide local users corrections to GPS using the same International Telecommunication Union (ITU) format over medium frequency radiobeacons as pioneered by the US Coast Guard.

## LORAN-C

- Satisfies Coastal Navigation and Timing Requirements
- 12 Loran-C Chains, 29 Transmitting Stations
- Partnership with Canada: three chains
- Partnership with Russia:  one chain

**Notes:**
NAVCEN also operates and manages the LORAN-C system.  LORAN-C is a mature radionavigation system that meets the International Maritime Organization requirements for the maritime coastal phase of navigation.  LORAN-C also provides the timing community with a precise signal that is locked to UTC and monitored by UNSO.  There are currently 29 transmitting stations (including 5 in Canada) in operation providing coverage for the North American continent.

Plans to terminate Loran-C operations on December 31, 2000 were originally announced in the 1994 Federal Radionavigation Plan.  However, a congressionally mandated report on the future use and funding of Loran-C, prepared for DOT in 1998, recommended Loran-C operations continue beyond the year 2000. 

## LORAN Coverage

**Notes:**
LORAN-C was originally deployed to provide radionavigation service for US Coastal waters and was later expanded to include complete coverage of the continental US as well as most of Alaska.  24 US LORAN stations work in partnership with Canadian and Russian stations to provide coverage in Canadian waters and in the Bering Sea.  LORAN-C provides better than 0.25 nautical mile absolute accuracy for equipped users within published areas.  However, users can return to previously determined positions with an accuracy of 50 meters or better using LORAN-C in the time difference repeatable mode.  

Advances in technology have made greater automation of the operation of LORAN-C possible.  New technology has allowed the Coast Guard to establish centralized control of the continental US LORAN-C system.  NAVCEN operates all of the US stations from Control Stations co-located with the two DGPS Control Stations.  The application of new receiver technology has improved the accuracy of the system and it now appears that LORAN can be improved to meet Harbor Entrance and Approach specifications, at 8 to 20 meters once the system is modernized.

## Future for LORAN-C

- The Government will continue to operate the Loran-C system in the short term while evaluating the long-term need for the system
- SECDOT Task Force is examining the radionavigation mix for the next 10 to 15 years

**Notes:**
The Government will continue to operate the Loran-C system in the short term while evaluating the long-term need for the system.  The U.S. Government will give users reasonable notice if it concludes that Loran-C is not needed or is not cost effective so that users will have the opportunity to transition to alternative navigation aids.  

Due to a “technology infusion” that has resulted from wise stewardship by the USCG and FAA of Congressionally mandated funds, LORAN-C now stands at a crossroads.  Improvement of GPS time synchronization of the Loran-C chains and the use of digital receivers may support vastly improved accuracy and coverage of the service.  A SECDOT Task Force is currently developing recommendations regarding the future radionavigation mix.  The SECDOT Task Force has included an enhanced Loran-C system in their considerations.

Congressional support for an enhanced LORAN appears very strong.  Although the President’s 2003 budget requested only $13M for LORAN improvements, the Senate mark came in at $21M and the House mark recently came in at $25M.

## Navigation Information Service

- Disseminate Information on GPS, DGPS,     Loran-C, Maritime Safety, Maritime Communications, & Local Notice to Mariners
- Operational Advisory Broadcast Service
- 24 Hour P.O.C.
- Maintain Library of Radionavigation Publications, Handbooks & Materials
- 600,000 Inquiries Per Month Via Internet,           E-Mail/List Server, Phone, and Mail

**Notes:**
The Coast Guard’s Navigation Information Service (NIS), operated by NAVCEN, provides one-stop shopping for all radionavigation system user needs.  The NIS is staffed 24 hrs a day, 7 days a week, and provides information in a wide range of media.  Information provided by the NIS includes status, policy and general information for : GPS, DGPS, and LORAN-C.  The NIS also disseminates Maritime Safety Broadcasts and Local Notices to Mariners (LNM), and hosts the Coast Guard’s Customer Information Line.
The NIS strives to satisfy customer needs by using the latest computer and INTERNET technologies to gather, process, and disseminate timely information.  Through the NIS website, users can down load status, policy, and other important information related to waterway and navigation safety.  The NIS collects user reports of GPS anomalies, interference to GPS and other problems related to safe navigation.  The NIS website also provides users the ability to subscribe, via e-mail, to the latest  Notice Advisories to NAVSTAR Users  or (NANU).  NANUs are originated by the USAF to disseminate information to users concerning GPS outages, both planned and unplanned.

## Navigation Technology

- ECDIS Standards and Regulations
- Maritime information services
- I-ATONIS Implementation
- Provide ATONIS/AAPS support to USCG, NOAA and NIMA
- Provide software tools for analysis of existing and proposed systems

**Notes:**
NAVCEN is providing Coast Guard expertise in the development of electronic navigation technologies.  These efforts include:
active leadership in the development of National and International standards and regulations for Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS).
maximizing the use of web based distribution and updating of traditional navigation information sources including Local Notice to Mariners, Light Lists, and Charts.
coordination with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  (NOAA) and National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) on chart data exchange and formats

NAVCEN also develops and maintains software tools to model and assess the effects on users of changes to radionavigation system operations

## U.S. COAST GUARD NAVIGATION CENTER

**Notes:**

In  conclusion, the Navigation Center provides quality navigation services that promote:
 innovation in Coast Guard electronic navigation,
 safe surface transportation, 
 support the Commerce of the United States, 
 and directly benefit world wide international trade.  

As a center of Navigation Excellence, NAVCEN is proud to be at the forefront of US transportation and navigation initiatives, leading the nation and the international maritime communities into the 21st century.

Thank You for your attention.