# Presentation: 681748

## Slide 1

## Overview: Why and Where

## CANADA

**9.2 million km****2 **
**45% of North America**

## CANADA

**29 million people**
**7% of the North **
**American population**

**CANADA**

## CANADIAN FOREST SECTOR

** ****4.0 million km****2**** **
** ****44% of the Canadian land surface **
** ****20% of the North     American land surface**

## CANADIAN FOREST SECTOR

**54% ****	****Boreal**
**21% ****	****Subarctic**
**6% ****	****Temperate**
**18% ****	****Cordilleran**

## Canadian Forest Sector(forests and peatlands falling within Canada’s forest biomass inventory)

**	****Standing Biomass:       ~ 12 Gt **
_**	**__**Soil and Peat:               ~ 76 Gt**_
**	****Total****	****	****	****   ~ 88 Gt**
**Canada’s carbon stocks are nearly ****500**** times greater than Canada’s anthropogenic emissions!!**

- Canadian Anthropogenic C Emissions:  ~ 0.18 Gt/yr

## Thus, small changes in our terrestrial carbon stocks can have a large impact on Canada’s overall CO2 emissions.

## Forests are seen as a key part of Canada’s strategy for meeting its Kyoto committments

## There is general agreement that three factors play a critical role in determining the sink/source status of Canadian forests.

## ClimateNatural Disturbance Land Use Activities

## A National Research Network: Fluxnet-Canada

## The general objectives of the network are: (1) 	To increase our understanding 		and our ability to model the 			effects of climate, natural 			disturbances, and forest 			management on terrestrial C 		cycling processes in the forests 		and peatlands of Canada. 

## (2) 	To contribute insights, ideas, and 	well-documented archived data 		sets to efforts aimed at 				understanding, constraining, and 	quantifying regional, national, 	continental, and global C cycles.

## (3)	Make a major contribution to understanding Canada’s role in the northern terrestrial carbon sink.

## (4) 	To train graduate students and 	postdoctoral researchers in 		terrestrial carbon cycle 		science.

## These objectives will be attained by establishing, maintaining and reinforcing an east-west transect of carbon flux research stations across the commercial forest zone of Canada.  

## Slide 18

## Fluxnet-Canada Hierachical Measurement Strategy for Disturbed Sites

| Level | Description |
| --- | --- |
| 1 | Fixed, 5-yr continuous, complete annual cycles |
| 2 | Roving, complete annual cycles, continuous meteorological data for all sites |
| 3 | Roving, different 2-4 week periods, but longer-term meteorological data |
| 4 | Roving, 2-4 week periods, longer-term meteorological data from permanent site |

## Fluxnet-Canada Components

_**Tower Flux Studies (24 towers)**_
**	****1. Temperate coastal conifer (British Columbia).  **
**	****2. Western boreal ecotone (Sask. – BERMS).  **
**	****3. Boreal mixedwood (Ontario).  **
**	****4. Eastern boreal black spruce (Quebec).  **
**	****5. Maritime balsam fir (New Brunswick).  **
**	****6. Western peatland (Alberta). **
**	****7. Eastern peatland (Ontario/Quebec).  **
**Associated stations: grassland, western boreal black spruce, eastern deciduous forest.**** **

## British Columbia

- _Douglas-fir_:
- 54-year old
- 15-year old
- Recent clearcut

## Saskatchewan (BERMS)

- _Nine Flux Systems_
- Jack Pine: 0-, 8-, 27- and 83-year old
- Old Black Spruce
- Old Aspen
- Fen
- Two fire sites

## Eastern Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick:

- One Mature Site Each
- One Flux System Each for       Recent Harvest Sites

## Eastern and Western Peatlands

- One Undisturbed Permanent
-       (bog in east, fen in west)
- One Roving Tower

## Fluxnet-Canada Components

_**Cross-Site EC and Meteorological Calibration**_
**Run out of UBC (Andy Black)**
**Visit all major sites once every two years**
**Cross-referenced to Ameriflux standard**

## Fluxnet-Canada Components

_**Scaling and Process Modelling**_** **
**Ecosys**
**BEPS-Intec**
**C-CLASS**
**IBIS**
**CFS-Carbon Budget Model**

## Fluxnet-Canada Components

_**Cross-Site Stable Isotope Studies**_
- Environmental Constraints on Photosynthesis.
- Partitioning NEE into Component Fluxes.
- Linking Isotope Patterns at Our Field Sites to Large-Scale Atmospheric Sampling by Other Groups (e.g., NACP).** **

## Fluxnet-Canada Components

_**Data Documentation and Archiving**_
**DIS housed at the National Hydrological Research Centre  in Saskatoon**
**Seamless link to Ameriflux data system at ORNL**
**Data should be available to the general community 2 years after measurement.**

## Fluxnet-Canada Components

_**Intensive Course in C Cycle Science**_
** **
**May 2003 and May 2005**
**15 to 20 students, 7 professors**

## Fluxnet-Canada Components

_**Management & Communications**_
**Monthly teleconferences.**
**Web site: www.fluxnet-canada.ca**
**Oversight of standardized measurement protocols. **
**Group equipment purchase.**

## Fluxnet-Canada Components

**Discretionary funds each year for increasing network cohesion:**
**Standardized UBC automated soil respiration systems at all stations**
**Diffuse PAR sensors (Delta-T BF3)**
**Standard net radiometers (CNR1)**
**Upgrades to Li-7000 IRGAS**
**UBC white boxes for IRGAs**

## Two important characteristics of Fluxnet-Canada:

**Address natural disturbance and forest management issues in a coordinated manner.**
**Design the network to be consistent with testing cross-transect hypotheses, i.e., standard measurement protocols and, to the extent possible, standard equipment.**

## Cross-Transect Research Questions: Environmental ControlsInter-Annual VariabilityDisturbanceComparing Fluxes with BiometryScalingEddy Covariance Methodology

## Participating Scientists

**25 Canadian university scientists**
**From 13 Canadian universities**
**19 Canadian government scientists**

## Our claim:Fluxnet-Canada will address the fundamental scientific questions upon which Canada’s climate change policy is being framed.

## www.fluxnet-canada.ca

## Cross-Transect Research Questions: Disturbance

**Do Canadian forest and peatland ecosystems lose large amounts of C following disturbance and, if so, what are the factors that control this loss?**** **

## Cross-Transect Research Questions: Inter-Annual Variability

**How much does GEP increase with increased length of the growing season?**

## Cross-Transect Research Questions: Links to Biometry

**Does NEP measured or modelled over 4 to 5 years on disturbed sites correspond to the measured changes in C stocks?  If not, why?**** **

## Cross-Transect Research Questions: Scaling

**How do measured fluxes compare with modelled values at different time scales?**** **

## Fluxnet-Canada Components

**Tower Flux Studies**
**Cross-Site EC Calibration**
**Scaling and Process Modelling **
**Cross-Site Stable Isotope Studies**
**Data Documentation and Archiving**
**Intensive Course in C Cycle Science **
**Project Management & Communications**

## FINANCIAL SUPPORT

**NSERC**
**CFCAS**
**BIOCAP-Canada**
**Natural Resources Canada**
**Environment Canada**