# Presentation: 144690

## Center for the Application of Prevention Technologies

- 763-427-5310 or 800-782-1878

## Regional Map

## Central CAPT Region

- CSAP’s Central CAPT is located at the
- MN Institute of Public Health
- Mounds View, MN

## CAPT Mission Statement

- 	To bring research to practice by assisting state/jurisdictions and community-based organizations in the application of the latest research-based knowledge to their substance abuse prevention programs, practices, and policies.

## CAPT Core Prevention Services

- •	Repackage, transfer, and replicate science-based prevention program models.
- •	Customize, repackage, and transfer scientifically defensible prevention best practices.
- •	Customize, repackage, and transfer scientifically defensible prevention promising approaches.

## Substance Abuse 

- Substance Abuse
- Prevention Specialist Training

**WELCOME**
** ****TO**

## Expectations?

## 1.	Introduction, History and Overview of Drugs and Prevention
2.	Prevention Research
3.	Prevention Program Planning
4.	 Evaluation
5.	Using Human Development in Prevention

- 1.	Introduction, History and Overview of Drugs and Prevention
- 2.	Prevention Research
- 3.	Prevention Program Planning
- 4.	 Evaluation
- 5.	Using Human Development in Prevention

- 6.	The Cultural Context and Ethics of Prevention
- 7.	Prevention and the Media
- 8.	Applying Prevention to the Community
- 9.	 Bringing it all Together

- Agenda

## Ground Rules

## Parking Lot

## MODULE 1Introduction

- MODULE 1Introduction

- •	To begin to get to know each other
- •	To review history which allows us to build on our existing knowledge base and avoid ineffective and harmful practices.
- •	To provide an overview of the substance abuse prevention field toward an understanding of its evolution.

- Why introduction and overview of drug prevention?

## Attitudes About Drugs

- What attitudes about drugs did you grow up with?
- How did those attitudes affect and influence your role as a prevention professional?

## Attitudes About Drugs

- •	No matter how knowledgeable or competent we become as prevention professionals,  our work is invariably influenced by the attitudes we grew up with.
- •	It’s important that we become aware of those attitudes.
- •	It is also important that we explore and challenge those attitudes which may be counterproductive.

## Viewpoints of Prevention

- 1.	Read the *Viewpoints of Prevention* that was assigned to you. The worksheet may be found on p. 1.23–1.24
- 2.	Hold a group discussion representing your assigned viewpoint and express your viewpoint to the group.
- 3.	Discuss the question:  “What do you think is the best way to address the problem of drugs?”
- 4.	You have 15 minutes.

## Viewpoints of Prevention

- 1.	Did your group reach consensus?
- 2.	How difficult was it to represent a different point of view?
- 3.	What insights did you get from listening to other people, as well as to yourself?
- 4.	Why do you think it’s important for prevention professionals to be familiar with points of view that you may consider are illogical, prejudiced, despicable, or absurd?

## Drugs of Abuse -

**Classifications**

- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Opiates/Opioids
- Central Nervous System Stimulants
- Hallucinogens
- Cannabinoids
- Inhalants
- Anabolic Steroids

## Central Nervous System Depressants

- Alcohol
- Sedative Hypnotics
- - Barbiturates (Seconal, Nembutal, Amytal)
- - Benzodiazepines (Valium, Xanax)
- - GHB and GBL (club drugs, date-rape drugs)
- Over-the-counter drugs
- - Nytol
- - Sominex

## Opiates/Opioids

**Opiates/Opioids**

- Heroin
- Morphine
- Codeine and Hyrodrocodone
- Methadone
- Demerol
- Percodan
- Vicodin
- Oxycontin

## Central Nervous System Stimulants

**Central Nervous System Stimulants**

- Nicotine
- Caffeine
- Cocaine
- Crack Cocaine
- Amphetamines
- Nonamphetamine Stimulants
**	****- Ephedra**

## Hallucinogens

**Hallucinogens**

- PCP
- LSD
- Peyote
- Psilocybin
- MDMA (“Ecstasy”)
- Ketamine

## Cannabinoids

**Cannabinoids**

- Marijuana
- Hashish
- Hashish Oil
- Charas
- Ganja
- Bhang

## Inhalants

**Inhalants**

- Volatile Solvents
-  - Gasoline
-  - Paint Thinner
- Aerosols
- 	  - Household cleaning products
- 	  - Model cement glue
- Gases
- 	  - Butane
- 	  - Nitrous Oxide
- Volatile Nitrites
-  - Amyl Nitrite (poppers)

## Steroids

**Steroids**

- Depo-Testosterone
- Durabolin
- Danocrine
- Halotestin

## Setting Guidelines for Substance Use and Nonuse

**Setting Guidelines for Substance Use and Nonuse**

## Healthful Use of Substances

**Healthful Use of Substances**

- Examples:
- Appropriate use of prescribed medications
- Occasional, moderate and legal use of alcohol
- Abstinence from alcohol use for personal, religious or health reasons

## Substance Use/Abuse Problems

**Substance Use/Abuse Problems**

- Examples:
- Impaired or intoxicated driving
- Family, group, or team tension due to use
- Underage drinking and other legal problems
- Chemical dependency
- Harm to developing fetus
- Smoking or use of smokeless tobacco

## Continuum of Alcohol Use and Nonuse

- Problem and/or Dependent Use

- Rare and/or Nonuse

- .

- Occasional/Moderate/ Appropriate Use

- Dry              vs.        Wet
- Good        	vs.        Bad
- Winners  	vs.        Losers
- Saints           vs.        Sinners
- Healthy       	vs.       Sick/Ill
- Moral	    	vs.        Immoral
- Smart        	vs.        Dumb

## What Can We Say

- Abstinence is a safe and acceptable lifelong decision that many young people are choosing.
- We do not want you to use alcohol before you are legally allowed to do so, and we do not want you to use illegal drugs at all.
- Abstinence can be a lifelong decision.  However, when you are an adult and if you choose to use alcohol, we want you to know how to do so legally, safely and appropriately.

## Benefits of Nonuse for Adolescents

- The risks of experiencing alcohol-related problems are greatly reduced.
- Life skills can develop fully.
- Performance in many areas is best when free of the influences of alcohol or other drugs.
- Physical, emotional, social and spiritual development can occur normally and naturally.
- Relationships can develop honestly and be based on mutual interests.

## Suggested Guidelines

- The use of alcohol is a personal choice.  No one should be pressured to drink or not to drink, or made to feel uneasy or embarrassed because of a personal choice.
- Alcohol use is not essential for the enjoyment of family or social events or for celebrating success.
- Illegal drug use has specific health, legal and ethical risks and should be avoided and discouraged.
- There are times when it is important for everyone to abstain from alcohol or other drug use.
- Use of alcohol that leads to impairment or intoxication is unhealthy, risky and should be avoided and discouraged.

## Suggested Guidelines (cont’d)

- Tobacco use has significant risks and should be avoided and discouraged.
- Medications should only be used as prescribed or according to directions.
- There are personal limits of moderation for anyone who chooses to use alcohol.
- There are ways to minimize health and safety risks when serving alcohol.
- Avoid situations where someone else’s alcohol, tobacco or other drug use may put you at risk.

## VIDEO:See It, Say It Six Step Process

## Gateway Drugs

- Gateway drugs are the most common drugs of first use among youth- (tobacco and alcohol and in some communities inhalants and marijuana)
- Effective prevention professionals need to be familiar with which substances are being abused in their communities
- Gateway drugs claim more lives than all other drugs combined

## Slide 34

## Discussion Questions

- How has the history of drugs in America contributed to current attitudes about drugs?
- Why do you think some drugs are seen as more acceptable, while others are considered unacceptable in our society?
- Why do you think our efforts at prevention have not eliminated drug use by adolescents?

## Supply Reduction

- 	Any method used to reduce the availability of drugs.  Examples: confiscation of drug shipments, destruction of crops, criminal penalties for possession and distribution

- Demand Reduction

- 	Any method used to reduce the demand for drugs.
- 	Examples: assessment and treatment services, prevention curricula in schools, sobriety support services.

## A Timeline of Prevention

- Read the worksheet, *A Timeline of Prevention*, found on p. 1.38 - 1.39
- Answer the following questions:
- •	Which philosophies of prevention have been prominent in our history?
- •	Do you feel we have or have not learned from our mistakes?
- •	How have our attitudes toward drugs affected alcohol and other drug policies?

## Evolution and Training of the Prevention Discipline

- Scientific Theory Base
- Verified Methods
- Accountability for Service Effectiveness
- Academic Coursework or Degree
- Formal Training or Internship
- Code of Ethics
- Certification or Licensure

## Building Blocks for Successful Prevention Programs

- The program is based on sound theory and uses practices grounded in research.
- The program is systematically planned and assessed.
- The program is facilitated by knowledgeable and competent staff.
- The program is sensitive to participants from a variety of backgrounds and cultures, and it uses a code of ethics.
- The program is developmentally appropriate.
- The program incorporates the media.
- The program is evaluated.

## Introduction

- Why introduction and overview of drugs and prevention?
- •	To get to know each other a little better
- Looking at history allows us to build on our existing knowledge base and avoid duplicating ineffective and harmful practices
- An overview of the prevention field explains where we have been and where we need to go

## Questions and Discussion