# Presentation: 768307

## Alpine E. coli 0157:H7 Outbreak

- Barbara Barron
- Drinking Water Program
- U.S. EPA Region 8

## Slide 2

## 250,000 Gal.

- STORAGE

- STORAGE

- 50,000 Gal.

- STORAGE

- 750,000 Gal.

- PUMP
- HOUSE

- WELL #2

- WELL #1

- TO DISTRIBUTION

- TO DISTRIBUTION

- Intermittent Disinfection

- Residential
- taps

- Cattle tap

- SPRING

- POND

**Municipal Water**
**Supply - Alpine**
**Established 1975**

## April:	Total coliform positive
Repeat samples negative

May:	Total coliform positive
Repeat samples negative

June:	Total coliform positive
Repeat samples negative

- Repeat samples negative
**May:****	**Total coliform positive
- Repeat samples negative
**June:****	**Total coliform positive
- Repeat samples negative

**History of BacT Samples in 1998**

## PRE-OUTBREAK TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

**PRE-OUTBREAK TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE**

-    Site Visit by Contractor

-    Chlorination Performed

-    Continuous Chlorination Recommended

## 250,000 Gal.

- STORAGE

- 50,000 Gal.

- STORAGE

- 750,000 Gal.

-  PUMP
-             HOUSE

- SPRING

- WELL #2

- WELL #1

- TO DISTRIBUTION
-  Daily TC Sampling

- TO DISTRIBUTION

- Manual
- Chemical
- Disinfection

- Cattle
- tap

- Shut valve

- Residential
- taps

- Install fire
- hydrant

**Immediate Local Action**
**  ****  ****Under Boil Order**

- POND

## STATE ACTION

**STATE ACTION**

-  Investigation Launched

-  Assistance Requested
-     from CDC & EPA

-  Boil Order Continued

## Action Under EPA Administrative Order

- 250,000 Gal.

- STORAGE

- STORAGE

- 50,000 Gal.

- STORAGE

- 750,000 Gal.

-          PUMP  HOUSE
-    Continuous Disinfection

- WELL #2

- WELL #1

- TO DISTRIBUTION

- TO DISTRIBUTION

- Cattle
- tap

- Shut valve

- Residential
- taps

- Install fire
- hydrant

- Sever Line

- POND

## EXAMINING SPRING BOX

-         **     ****Analytical Findings**
- Spring Pond:  Total Coliform +
-                        Fecal Coliform +
-                        Enterococcus species +
-                        Clostridium perfringens +
- Storage Tank: Total Coliform +
-                        E. coli +
-                        Enterococcus species +
-                        Clostridium perfringens +

## CHANCE OF ACQUIRING INFECTION

**CDC Data for Exposure Period 6/25/98 - 7/01/98**
**Residents who drank Alpine water vs. residents who did not drink Alpine water**
**Visitors who drank Alpine water vs. visitors who did not drink Alpine water**
**99.99% certainty that municipal water supply was source of outbreak**

- Eight times more likely to acquire infection

- Fourteen times more likely to acquire infection

## Little Jenny Pond/Mill Creek Spring

- Pond

- 50K gal tank

## Fence Surrounding Spring Collection Area

## Cattle Corral 
First Service Connection

- Cattle Corral
- First Service Connection

- Hose Bibb

## Alpine Test Results for
Classic Contaminants

**Classic Contaminants**

**Contaminant**
**Name**

**Test Date**

**Result**

- Inorganics

- 12/06/93

- Within limits

- Pesticides

- 11/10/97

- Not Detected

- Radionuclides

- 11/10/97

- Not Detected

- Nitrate/Nitrite

- 11/10/97

- Not Detected

- Volatile Organics

- 12/06/93

- Not Detected

- Unregulated

- 11/10/97

- Not Detected

- Pb/Cu

- 01/01/98

## Where Do We Go From Here?

- Direct Implementation Program
- A. Sanitary Survey Triage
- B. Develop 24hr. Emergency Protocol
- C. Strengthen Ties with State Agencies
- D. Pilot SWP Program at Alpine
- E. Enhance Internal Procedures
- F. Continuing Technical Assistance to Alpine