# Presentation: 616380

## PHENIX Results at QM2006

***Alexander Milov***
***(for the PHENIX Collaboration)***

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Particle ratios & spectra

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## p/π vs. Centrality, AuAu 200GeV

- Masahiro Konno, Sun 2:20 pm

- Increased ∫Ldt  and PID

- p/

- - p/ (pbar/) ratios seem to turn over at intermediate pT,
-   and close to the value of fragmentation at higher pT.
- - Consistent with expectations from recombination
- - Indicating transition from soft to hard at intermediate pT.

**p/****π**** vs. Centrality, AuAu 200GeV**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Central p/π+ p/π- vs. √sNN

- Tatsuya Chujo, Sat 3:00 pm

**Ratios constant ****in pp**
**p/********- **** increases in AA              ****vs √s**** **
**p/********+**** decreases in AA**

**Central p/****π****+**** p/****π****-**** vs. √s****NN**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Comparison of 0 in
Cu+Cu for 22, 62, 200 GeV

Suppression increases
with energy

**Comparison of ********0**** in**
**Cu+Cu for 22, 62, 200 GeV**
**Suppression increases**
**with energy**

**RHIC **
**High luminosity +**
**flexibility to vary **
**collisions systems **
**+ energies**

-  Baldo Sahlmueller, Sun 2:00pm

**π****0**** R****AA**** in CuCu**** @ different ****√s****NN**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## ω    e+e-, π0π+π- ,π0γ in pp, dAu and AuAu

***ω******  ************  e******+******e******-******, ******π******0******π******+******π******-****** ******,******π******0******γ****** in pp, dAu and AuAu***

***ω************ e******+******e******-*** **Au+Au ****√s****NN****=****200 GeV**

***ρ******,******ω******,************ ************ e******+******e******-*** ***p+p***** ****√s=****200 GeV**

**leptonic**

**PHENIX Preliminary**

-  ******0********+********-**** (********0********)** ***p+p *****√s**** ****=****200 GeV   *****d*****+Au***** *****√s****NN**** =200 GeV**

******0****** **Au+Au ****√s****NN****=****200 GeV**

**PHENIX mapped out high ****p****T**** ****ω**** in *****p+p*****, *****d*****+Au & produced a first result in Au+Au **** **
**ω****,******** ********e****+****e****-**** in *****p+p***** are not ready yet, but the signal there is very clean**

- Yuriy Riabov, Sun 2:20pm

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## New ratios & spectra

** ****CuCu run fills in peripheral centrality region**
** ****First results on ****ω****-meson production at 200 GeV**

**New ratios & spectra**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Fluctuations

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Multiplicity Fluctuations: Universal scaling

***All points are scaled to match the 200 GeV Au+Au data curve to illustrate the scaling.***

**0.2<p****T****<2.0 GeV/c**

**0.2<p****T****<0.75 GeV/c**

******2****/********2**** ****α**** N****part****-1.40±0.03**

- Jeff Mitchell, Sun 5:00pm

**Multiplicity Fluctuations: Universal scaling**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

**Notes:**
Transitition:

Up to this point we have discussed results which use the excellent
Electromagnetic and high pT detection capabilities of the detector
Want to show that PHENIX also has good capabilities at softscales

## Medium Properties: Source Size

**Pion radii scale w/ mult. across system/energy**
**Consistent with freeze-out scenario**

- Poster: Akitomo Enokizono

**Medium Properties: Source Size**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

**Notes:**
Use pid for transition to this slide

## Fluctuations

** ****We are above critical point**
** ****Universal scaling of the pion HBT radii consistent with the similar freeze-out conditions.**

**Fluctuations**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Particle correlations: low pT (Flow)

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Light Hadrons Flow is “Perfect”

**v****2**** scales with the**
**transverse kinetic**
**energy!**

- Arkadij Taranenko Sun 2:20 pm

**Light Hadrons Flow is *****“Perfect”***

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Scaling flow para-
     meters by quark 
     content nq resolves 
     meson-baryon sepa-
     ration of final state 
     hadrons

-      meters by quark
-      content nq resolves
-      meson-baryon sepa-
-      ration of final state
-      hadrons

**baryons**

**mesons**

- Arkadij Taranenko Sun 2:20 pm

- Flow:  Light Quarks → Strange → Charm

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Flow:  Light Quarks → Strange → Charm

**mesons vs baryons ******** flow scales with n****q**

- Arkadij Taranenko Sun 2:20 pm

- Flow:  Light Quarks → Strange → Charm

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Flow:  Light Quarks → Strange → Charm

- (1) Consistent with c-quark thermalization
- (2) large cross section is needed in AMPT ~10 mb
- (3) Resonance state of D & B in sQGP

-  indicates quark level thermalization & strong coupling

**[PRC72,024906]**

**[PRC73,034913]**

**[Phys.Lett. B595 202-208** **]**

- Shingo Sakai Sat 5:20pm

- Flow:  Light Quarks → Strange → Charm

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

**Notes:**
 The lines on the figure are model calculation
 purple line is electron v2 assume coalescence of thermal charm quark and u quark
 black line is AMPT result which assume larger cross section 
 blue band is electron v2 assume resonance state of D & B 
 Those model is consistent with the result
 indicate quark level thermalization & strong coupling  

## Flow

** ****Scaling properties consistent with ideal fluid hydrodynamics**
** ****Consistent with quark level thermalization and strong coupling**
** ****Observe flow for light, strange, and charm quarks**

**Flow**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Particle correlations: high pT

**(jets)**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## RAA vs Reaction Plane

**nucl-ex/0611007**
**(submitted to Phys. Rev. C.)**

**In Plane**

**Out of Plane**

- In plane emission shows no energy loss in peripheral bins.

- 3<pT<5 GeV/c

**R****AA**** vs Reaction Plane**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## RAA Lε Dependence

- _Poster_: D. Winter
- _Talk_: V. Pantuev (2.2.05)

- L =  matter thickness calculated in Glauber model

- Little/no energy loss for L< 2 fm

**nucl-ex/0611007**
**(submitted to Phys. Rev. C.)**

**R****AA**** L****ε**** Dependence**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

**Notes:**
The pathlength weighted integral over the density is done on a Glauber model by assuming that the density goes like the Ncoll density. 

The data seem to imply that we don’t reach a regime that matches the energy dependence of purely radiative energy loss until high pT. Is this a signal that at lower pT’s collisional losses are significant? This is all in pretty good agreement with Magdelena’s calculations (see backup slide). 

## Jet Functions

**nucl-ex/0611019**
**(submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.)**

- rms, kurtosis and D also independent of pT of associated hadrons -  poses challenge to  color Cerenkov models

- _Posters_: N. Grau, J. Jia, E. Vazquez
- _Talk_: C. Zhang (1.3.03)
-          J. Mitchell (2.4.09)

**Jet Functions**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

**Notes:**
This slide will take lots of explanation. 

Start with the upper left-hand plot. Explain the shape of the 2-particle correlations, and the flat away side means subtracting any v2 will lead to a dip. Peak is about ~1 radian displaced from pi, in qualitative agreement with what might be expected from models of collective medium excitation. Introduce the centrality plots for AuAu and CuCu. 

Explain that we characterize the character of the away side using RMS and KURTOSIS, explain legend and trends on plot. (rms rises and levels off while kurtosis drops and levels off) Emphasize the high level of agreement between the different colliding systems and energies (very surprising). Features depend on Npart but not species or energy. 

Also characterized by a “peak angle parameter” in a fit to two Gaussians. Describe behavior (rises and levels off). 

Data is consistent with sound or shock waves, but not Cerenkov (should disappear for increasing momentum of associated hadrons, and it doesn’t) This isn’t shown in th eslide but refer to talks/posters for details. 

## Near-Side modification

**0-10% Central Cu+Cu**

- _Posters_: H. Pei, J. Jia
- _Talk_: C. Zhang (1.3.03)
-          J. Jin (2.2.07)

- IAA = CYAA/CYPP

**0-20% Central Au+Au**

- Trigger pT

**Near-Side modification**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

**Notes:**
Emphasize that you can’t have quenching on the away side without some sort of effect on the near side as well – even if it is small due to trigger bias, etc. 

Is there additional data that shows this effect (Jia’s or Chun’s analysis?)

## p&p Near side Correlations

** **

**opposite sign pairs:**
**CORRELATED**

**same sign pairs:**
**NO CORRELATION**

- Anne Sickles, Wed. 4:00 pm

**p&p Near side Correlations**

**nucl-ex/0611016**
**(submitted to Phys. Lett. B)**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## -jet Correlation: p+p

- p+p collisions at 200 GeV

******-jet Correlation: p+p**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## -jet Correlation: p+p vs. PYTHIA

******-jet Correlation: ****p+p**** vs. ****PYTHIA**

- _Poster_: M. Nguyen

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## -jet Correlation: AuAu

- Talk: J. Jin (2.2.07)

******-jet Correlation: AuAu**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Jets

** ****Little/no energy loss for small L****ε**
** ****Quantified away-side structure, consistent with sound or shock wave models**
** ****p****T**** dependence a challenge for color Cerenkov models**
** ****Medium influence on near side observed**
** ****First observation of direct ********-h correlations in PHENIX **
** ****Indications of suppression in Au+Au correlations**

**Jets**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## J/ production

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## J/ at SPS and RHIC

- Cold matter suppression larger at SPS, hot matter suppression larger at RHIC, balance?
- Recombination cancels additional suppression at RHIC?
- How did we get so “lucky”?

- NA50 at SPS (0<y<1)
- PHENIX at RHIC (|y|<0.35)
- PHENIX at RHIC (1.2<|y|<2.2)

**J/******** at SPS and RHIC**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## J/ in p+p

**Improved Run-5 pp reference data**

- _Talk_: A. Glenn (2.1.01)
-          A. Bickley (2.1.10)

**hep-ex/0611020**
**(submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.)**

**J/******** in p+p**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## J/ in Au+Au

- _Talk_: T. Gunji (2.1.04)

- Less suppression at central rapidity
- Suppression is not _solely_ due to local particle density.

**nucl-ex/0611020**
**(submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.)**

**J/******** in Au+Au**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Rapidity Dependence

**hep-ex/0611020**
**(both submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.)**

- Rapidity measured over wide kinematic range for a variety of centralities and systems.
- Significant constraint for recombination models.

- _Talk_: A. Glenn (2.1.01)

**Rapidity Dependence**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

**Notes:**
Emphasize the wide rapidity coverage – covers a wide range in energy density (lower as you go more forward/backwards).  This covers a lot of ground and different conditions for recombination models. 

Need to fix figure legend, are there Cu+Cu preliminary points that can be added?

## J/ <pT2>

- _Talk_: A. Bickley (2.1.10)

**hep-ex/0611020**
**nucl-ex/0611020**
**(both submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.)**

- New p+p reference (|y|in [1.2,2.2]):

- Evaluated for pT<5 GeV/c where all systems have data.

- New p+p reference (|y|<0.35):

- PHENIX e+e-

- PHENIX +-

**J/******** <p****T****2****>**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

**Notes:**
<pT^2> should go up with centrality if the dominant effect is Cronin initial state scattering, and should go down if recombination is at work (lower pT scale). 

The scale of the Cronin is set using d+Au collisions compared to p+p (cold nuclear matter effect). PPG038 published a very low value for <pT^2> in p+p and our new value is significantly higher. The previous value had an unstated (but ver large) systematic error. 

What is the systematic error on these points? How should it be shown? 

The problem is that models (Thews) have used previous results to set a huge Cronin effect, which then requires a lot of recombination to soften <pT^2>. Need to be sensitive to this when discussing – not fair to trash model results if we published bad input. d+Au numbers have not been re-evaluated yet (should be done soon) so we don’t really have new Cronin input for people. 

How to say all this, and bring up PPG038?

## J/ Production

** ****R****AA**** shows less suppression at central rapidity**
** ****dN/dy and <p****T****2****>  constrain recombination models**

**J/******** Production**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Heavy flavor production

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## hep-ex/0609010
(accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett.) 

- ~factor 2

- _Ratio:_
- 1.72 +/-0.02 (stat) +/- 0.19 (sys)
- (0.3 < pT < 9.0 GeV/c)

- hep-ex/0609010

**hep-ex/0609010**
**(accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett.)**

- CDF, PRL 91, 241804 (2003)

**Theoretical Uncertainty Band**

**Non-photonic electrons**

- ~factor 2

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Heavy Flavor in AuAu

**Suppression observed for p****T****>3.0 GeV/c, **
**smaller than for light quarks.**

**nucl-ex/0611018**
**(submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.)**

**Heavy Flavor in AuAu**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

**Notes:**
Curve in lefthand figure is FONLL calculation normalized to pp and scaled up by Ncoll. Make mention of inset an emphasize signal to background for PEHNIX at high pT. 

Righthand plot shows integrated R_AA for different pT ranges along with pi0 data. 
Error Bars = statistical 
Brackets = systematic point–by-point
Right box = reference relative systematic for pT>0.3 
Left box = reference systematic for pT>3.0

For R_AA pT>0.3 emphasize that this is consistent with Ncoll scaling of total charm yield, as published previously. 

For R_AA pT>3.0 emphasize that this is consistent with somewhat less energy loss for heavy flavor than light hadrons. For this region most electrons arise from D mesons with pT>4.0 so the light hadron comparison is fair, but the composition of charm/beauty is unknown.

## HQ energy Loss and Flow

- Heavy quark transport model has reasonable agreement with both RAA and v2HF.
- Small relaxation time  or diffusion coefficient *D**HQ* inferred for charm.

**nucl-ex/0611018**
**(submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.)**

- _Talk_: F. Kajihara (2.1.07)

**HQ energy Loss and Flow**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

**Notes:**
Heavy flavor RAA consistent with energy loss q_hat = 14 GeV^2/fm (as for light quarks) but does not reproduce v2 (purely geometrical). 

Heavy quark transport calculations – with elastic scattering and resonance excitation – do a fair job on both. 

Third curve, parameters calculated in model using diffusion coefficient (can’t et both sets of data with the same value). 

Emphasize the power of using multiple measurements to constrain models – a necessary evolution of sophistication at RHIC!

## Di-e in Intermediate Mass Region (IMR)

**           ****IMR **

** **

**data**

- Sarah Campbell, Sun 5:20pm

**Di-e in Intermediate Mass Region (IMR)**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Di-electrons Centrality Dependence

**PHENIX Preliminary**

- 0-10% -- central

- 60-100% -- peripheral

**PHENIX Preliminary**

- Sarah Campbell, Sun 5:20pm

**Di-electrons Centrality Dependence**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Dielectron: RCP in Charm Region
   1.4< mee < 2.8 GeV/c2

Single Electron: RAA 
     at low and high pT

Similar charm suppression patterns

- New to Quark Matter 2006

- Dielectron: RCP in Charm Region
-    1.4< mee < 2.8 GeV/c2
- Single Electron: RAA
-      at low and high pT
- Similar charm suppression patterns

-  RCP for 1.4 < mee < 2.8 GeV/c2, Au-Au

**Nuclear Modification in Charm**

- Sarah Campbell, Sun 5:20pm

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Dielectron: RCP in Charm Region1.4<mee < 2.8 GeV/c2

J/Psi: RAA

Similar charm suppression patterns

- Dielectron: RCP in Charm Region1.4<mee < 2.8 GeV/c2
- J/Psi: RAA
- Similar charm suppression patterns

- New to Quark Matter 2006

-  RCP for 1.4 < mee < 2.8 GeV/c2, Au-Au

**Nuclear Modification in Charm**

- Sarah Campbell, Sun 5:20pm

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Heavy Flavor

** ****In agreement with FONLL calculation**
** ****Centrality dependence**
** ****Suppression at high p****T**** in single electron and IMR di-lepton channels in Au+Au data**
** ****Similar in shape but smaller than light hadron suppression**
** ****R****AA**** and v****2**** combined provide strong model constraints**

**Heavy Flavor**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Photons

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Run4 Extends Direct Photons

**Direct Photon Spectra vs Centrality**

**extend to high p****T**
**1 < p****T**** < 20 GeV**

**Min. Bias**
**0-10%**
**80-92%**

**high p****T**

-  Tadaaki Isobe Sun 2:00pm

**Run4 Extends Direct Photons**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## RAA @ 200 GeV

**Direct ******** R****AA**** with measured **
**p+p reference data**

**η**** ****    ****π****0**

-  Tadaaki Isobe Sun 2:00pm

**R********AA**** @ 200 GeV**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Direct Photons @ low pT

**QM 2005: Data consistent with**
**                 ****thermal+ NLO pQCD **
**                **
- pQCD       uncertain at low pT
-                  Gordon and Vogelsang
-                  Phys. Rev. D48, 3136 (1993)
- Thermal   d’Enterria,  Perresounko
-                 Eur.Phys.J.C46:451-464,2006
- (a) New experimental method for the
-      measurement of direct photons
-       external conversion from beam pipe
- (b) p-p and d-Au reference data: work in
-      progress.

**Direct Photons @ low p****T**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## o New measurement with
   external conversions
o Improved systematics
o Agreement with
   previous results

- Dmitri Peressounko, Sat 5:20pm

- Direct Photons, Au+Au at 200 GeV

**External conversions**

**Internal Conversions**

**o New measurement with**
**   ****external conversions**
**o Improved systematics**
**o Agreement with**
**   ****previous results**

**Low p****T**** new conversion method**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Photons

** ****Previous low p****T**** analysis confirmed**

**Photons**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Using PHENIX Results

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## What can we learn from RAA?

**C. Loizides**
**hep-ph/0608133v2**

- _Talk_: B. Sahlmueller (3.2.01)

**What can we learn from R****AA****?**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Theories, Theories...

**Ivan Vitev**

**Theories, Theories...**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

**Notes:**
If we combine model calculations with the data, exactly how much can we hope to learn (or infer) about the opacity or gluon density of the created matter? 

Note the saturation in the PQM model (similar in BDMPS approach) – one can see that you don’t really determine a precise opacity from the data, but instead you define a range of parameters with a probability based on a fit to the R_AA data (including statistical and systematic errors).  

Similarly with the GLV approach (Vitev). 

Message – we can be extremely quantitative with what we learn from R_AA, and this can improve with inproved statistical errors at high-pT, but there is a limit. 

## ... and more Theories.

**William Horowitz**

**... ****and more Theories.**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Rapp and van Hees Phys.Rev.C71:034907,2005  
Simultaneously describe PHENIX RAA(E) and v2(e) with diffusion coefficient in range DHQ (2πT) ~4-6 
Moore and Teaney Phys.Rev.C71:064904,2005 
Find DHQ/(η/(ε+p)) ~ 6 for Nf=3
Calculate perturbatively, argue result also plausible non-perturbatively

Combining
Recall   ε+p = Ts    at B=0
This then gives η/s ~(1.5-3)/4π
That is, within factor of 2-3 of conjectured bound

see: R.Lacey, A.Taranenko nucl-ex/ 0610009

**Rapp and van Hees ****Phys.Rev.C71:034907,2005 **** **
**Simultaneously describe PHENIX R****AA****(E) and v****2****(e) with diffusion coefficient in range D****HQ**** (2****π****T) ~4-6**** **
**Moore and Teaney ****Phys.Rev.C71:064904,2005**** **
**Find D****HQ****/(****η****/(****ε****+p)) ~ 6 for N****f****=3**
**Calculate perturbatively, ****argue result also plausible ****non-perturbatively**
**Combining**
**Recall   ****ε****+p = Ts    at ********B****=0**
**This then gives ****η****/s ~(1.5-3)/4****π**
**That is, within factor of 2-3 of conjectured bound**
**see: R.Lacey, A.Taranenko nucl-ex/ 0610009**

**Constraining ****η****/s with PHENIX data**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## From Budapest to Shanghai 

**                ****Partonic Matter: PHENIX Evidence Published**
**(1)  Centrality dependence of direct photon production in ****√s**** = 200 GeV Au + Au collisions**       ***Phys.Rev.Lett.94:232301,2005***
**(2)  Modifications to di-jet hadron pair correlations in Au+Au collisions at ****√****s = 200 GeV****       *****Phys.Rev.Lett.97:052301,2006***
**(3)  J/psi production and nuclear effects for d+Au and p+p collisions at ****√****s****NN ****= 200 GeV*****       Phys.Rev.Lett.96:012304,2006***
**(4)  Single electrons from heavy flavor decays in p+p collisions at ****√s**** = 200-GeV****       *****Phys.Rev.Lett.96:032001,2006***
**(5)  Measurement of identified ****π****0 ****and inclusive photon v****2**** and implication to the direct**
**      ****photon production in ****√****s****NN**** = 200-GeV Au+Au collisions.**      ***Phys.Rev.Lett.96:032302,2006**** *
**(6)  Jet structure from di-hadron correlations in d+Au collisions at ****√****s****NN**** = 200-GeV**
***            ******Phys.Rev.C73:054903,2006****.*
**(7)  Nuclear modification of electron spectra and implications for heavy quark **
**       ****energy loss in Au+Au collisions at ****√****s****NN**** = 200 GeV**
***            ******Phys.Rev.Lett.96:032301,2006***
**(8)  Common suppression pattern of eta and ****π****0**** mesons at high transverse momentum**
**       ****in Au+Au collisions at ****√****S****NN**** = 200 GeV****     *****Phys.Rev.Lett.96:202301,2006***
**Nuclear effects on hadron production in d+Au and p+p collisions at ****√****s****NN**** = 200 GeV**
***           ******Phys.Rev.C74:024904,2006***
**(10) Azimuthal angle correlations for rapidity separated hadron pairs in d + Au **
**        ****Collisions at √sNN = 200-GeV**     ***Phys.Rev.Lett.96:222301,2006***
***(11) *****Jet properties from di-hadron correlations in *****p+p***** collisions at***** √s = 200 GeV**** ****Phys.Rev.D74:072002,2006**** *

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

##  Quark Matter 2006: Exploring the matter           

** ****Quark Matter 2006:**** Exploring the matter           **
**                                            ****New PHENIX Results**
**      *****(12) Measurement of direct photon production in p + p collisions at ******√******s = 200 GeV.***
***             ******hep-ex/0609031***** **
**       ****(13) Measurement of single muons at forward rapidity in p+p collisions at **
**            ****√****s = 200-GeV and implications for charm production.****       hep-ex/0609032 **
**       ****(14) High transverse momentum eta meson production in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au **
**            ****collisions at ****√****s****NN**** = 200 GeV**
**          ****  ****nucl-ex/0611006 **
**       ****(15) A detailed study of high-p****T**** neutral pion suppression and azimuthal **
**            ****anisotropy in Au+Au collisions at ****√****s****NN ****= 200 GeV**
**            ****nucl-ex/0611007 **
**       *****(16) *****Energy loss and flow of heavy quarks in *****Au+Au***** collisions at***** ******√s******NN****** =****** 200 GeV***
***            *****nucl-ex/0611018**
**       ****(17) J/psi production**** ****in p+p collisions at ****√s =**** 200 GeV**
**             ****nucl-ex/0611020**
**       ****(18) System size and energy dependence of jet induced hadron pair correlation**
**             ****shapes in Cu-Cu and Au-Au collisions at *****√s******NN****** = 200 GeV***
**             ****nucl-ex/0611019**
**       ****(19) J/psi production in Au+Au collisions at √s****NN**** = 200 GeV**
**             ****nucl-ex/0611020**
**       ****(20) Correlated production of *****protons and anti-protons in Au+Au Collisions at √s******NN****** = 200 GeV ***
***	******      *****nucl-ex/0611016**
**       ****(21) Production of ****ω****-****mesons at Large Transverse Momenta in *****p+p***** and *****d+Au***** Collisions at √s****NN****=200 GeV**** ****nucl-ex/0611031**

**The past week on nucl-ex ...**

**Nov. 9**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Where to find

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## The PHENIX Collaboration

**QM06: 20 talks 45 posters**

**The PHENIX Collaboration**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## BACKUPS

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Light Quark/Gluon Energy Loss
Exploit high-statistics data to bound models
Reaction plane dependence highlights energy loss systematics
Particle Correlations
Quantified away-side structure
Consistent with sound or shock wave models
Medium influence on near side observed
First -h correlations in PHENIX
J/ Production
Published new p+p reference data
New RAA, dN/dy, and <pT2> HI measurements 
Heavy Flavor
Charm suppression, v2 combined measurements

- Exploit high-statistics data to bound models
- Reaction plane dependence highlights energy loss systematics
- Particle Correlations
- Quantified away-side structure
- Consistent with sound or shock wave models
- Medium influence on near side observed
- First -h correlations in PHENIX
- J/ Production
- Published new p+p reference data
- New RAA, dN/dy, and <pT2> HI measurements
- Heavy Flavor
- Charm suppression, v2 combined measurements

***How does the matter modify jets?***

***How dense is the matter?***

***How does the matter melt/regenerate J/************’s?***

***How strongly coupled is the matter?***

**Conclusions**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Direct Photons               Extended range to high and low pT
                                           Previous low pT analysis confirmed

                                           Started Jet photon correlations

Flow                                  Observed flow for light, strange, and charm quarks

                                           Observed scaling properties consistent
                                           with ideal fluid hydrodynamics

Di-Leptons                      First centrality dependence available

                                           Charm suppression in this channel ?

Baryon anomaly            Baryon/meson studies extended to hard region,
                                           ratio returns to vacuum expectation

PHENIX is well positioned to explore the sQGP with
high luminosity and improved detector capabilities

-                                            Previous low pT analysis confirmed
-                                            Started Jet photon correlations
**Flow**                                  Observed flow for light, strange, and charm quarks
-                                            Observed scaling properties consistent
-                                            with ideal fluid hydrodynamics
**Di-Leptons  **                    First centrality dependence available
-                                            Charm suppression in this channel ?
**Baryon anomaly**            Baryon/meson studies extended to hard region,
-                                            ratio returns to vacuum expectation
- PHENIX is well positioned to explore the sQGP with
- high luminosity and improved detector capabilities

**Conclusions**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## What does DHQ/(/(+p)) ~ 6 mean?
Denominator:
DHQ is diffusion length ~ heavy quark diffusion length HQ
Numerator:
Note that viscosity  ~ n <p> 
  n    = number density
<p> = mean (thermal) momentum
   = mean free path
“Enthalpy”  + P ~ n <p> 
Here P is pressure
So /(+P) = (n <p>  / (n <p> ) ~ 
Note this   is for the medium, i.e., light quarks
Combining gives DHQ/(/(+p)) ~ HQ /  
Not implausible this should be of order 6
Notes
Above simple estimates in Boltzmann limit of well-defined (quasi)-particles, densities and mfp’s
The “transport coefficient” /(+p) is preferred because it remains well-defined in cases where Boltzmann limit does not apply (sQGP?)

- Denominator:
- DHQ is diffusion length ~ heavy quark diffusion length HQ
- Numerator:
- Note that viscosity  ~ n <p> 
-   n    = number density
- <p> = mean (thermal) momentum
-    = mean free path
- “Enthalpy”  + P ~ n <p>
- Here P is pressure
- So /(+P) = (n <p>  / (n <p> ) ~ 
- Note this   is for the ***medium***, i.e., light quarks
- Combining gives DHQ/(/(+p)) ~ HQ / 
- Not implausible this should be of order 6
- Notes
- Above simple estimates in Boltzmann limit of well-defined (quasi)-particles, densities and mfp’s
- The “transport coefficient” /(+p) is preferred because it remains well-defined in cases where Boltzmann limit does not apply (sQGP?)

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## When we last left off...QM05

- The matter may melt and/or regenerate J/’s

- The matter is dense

- The matter modifies jets

- The matter is hot

**hep-ex/0609010**
**(accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett.)**

**nucl-ex/0611018**
**(submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.)**

**nucl-ex/0611019**
**(submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.)**

**nucl-ex/0611020**
**(submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.)**
**hep-ex/0611020**
**(submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.)**

**nucl-ex/0611007**
**(submitted to Phys. Rev. C)**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Exploring Partonic Matter with High Luminosity in PHENIX

**2006**
- Hadron Blind Detector                          low mass di-electrons
- Reaction Plane Detector                      improved reaction plane eg. v2(γ)
- TOF-West                                             hadron anomaly
- Forward EMC (MPC)                            low x, initial state
**2006- 2009**
- Silicon Vertex Tracker                          heavy quark physics, jets
- Muon trigger                                         heavy flavor trigger
**2008 – 2011**
- Forward Vertex Tracker                        heavy quark physics, jets
- Nosecone Calorimeter                          jets, γ-jet, heavy quark physics

**RHIC II ******** 10 x Luminosity**

**complete**

**funded**

-  **PHENIX**
**upgrades**

***Driven by growing interest:***
***Year --- Institutions --- *****Participants**
***  ******2001          53                     420***
***  ******2003          57                     460***
***  ******2006          68                     550******   ***

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## Summary

** ****This detector incorporates several new technologies (GEMs, CsI photocathodes, operation in pure CF****4****, windowless design) to achieve unprecedented  performance in photon detection N****0****~840 cm****-1**
** ****The operating requirements are very demanding in terms of leak tightness and gas purity, but we feel they can be achieved**
** ****Tests with the full scale prototype were very encouraging and demonstrated the hadron blindness properties of the detector.**
** ****The final detector is now installed in PHENIX and ready for commissioning and data taking during the upcoming run at RHIC**

**Summary**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

## 3-particle correlations

- (3 particles from di-jet) + (2 from dijet + 1 other)

***PHENIX Preliminary***

*******=******

**3-particle correlations**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

**Notes:**
Use this slide to (quickly) introduce the notation/geometry used for the correlations. 

Need to understand the “3 and (2+1)” – how is this effect removed in the data? 

## Correlation topologies

-  **Cone Jet **

-  **Deflected Jet **

-  **Normal Jet **

******* Azimuthal Section:**

- _Poster_: N. Ajitanand
- _Talk_: C. Zhang (1.3.03)

- (medium excitation)

- (scattered jet axis)

- (unmodified)

*PHENIX Simulation*

**Correlation topologies**

- Alexander Milov                      BNL Seminar                 Nov 29, 2006

**Notes:**
This slide implies a stringer conclusion than what I might say in words?

Introduce the simulation results, along with the azimuthal sections. 

Conclusion is that our data is consistent with a signature for medium excitation, but we cannot completely rule out other toplogies. This data can be used to constrain the various contributions in model calculations.