# Presentation: 545611

## The Functional MRI 

- Core Facility

## Overview:

**Inception: ****	****	****	****	****	****	****1999**
**Total annual budget: ****	****	****	****	****2.32 M**
**Personnel budget:****	****	****	****	****	****1.44 M**
**# of staff:****	****	****	****	****	****	****12**
**# of Principle Investigators Served: ****	****34**
**# of active protocols using FMRIF:****	****	****60**
**# of subjects scanned in 2007:****	****	****4708**
**Approximate cost per hour of scan time:****	****$246**
**Hours of weekly scan time in 2006:****	****	****315**
**Hours of weekly scan time in 2007:****	****	****420****	**

## Overview:

**FMRI works extremely well at the NIH**
**Because of our success, scan time is in very high demand. No easy solutions.**

## Staff:

- Peter Bandettini, Ph.D.		– Director
- Sean Marrett, Ph.D. 		– Staff Scientist
- Jerzy Bodurka, Ph.D. 		– Staff Scientist
- Wen-Ming Luh, Ph.D. 		– Staff Scientist
- Adam Thomas 			– IT Specialist
- Kay Kuhns 			– Administrative Lab Manager
- Janet Ebron 			– Technologist
- Alda Ottley 			– Technologist
- Ellen Condon 			– Technologist
- Sahra Omar 			– Technologist
- Paula Rowser			– Technologist
- Chung Kan			– Technologist

## Staff Budget:

**Staff Budget:**

|  | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Government
Service
(7) | 836K | 878K | 893K | 919K |
| Contractors
(5) | 242K | 371K | 501K | 516K |
| Total | 1.08M | 1.25M | 1.39M | 1.44M |

## Scanners: 

- “3T-1” 		GE 3T 	(June 2000)
- “3T-2” 		GE 3T    	(Nov 2002)
- “FMRIF 1.5T” 	GE 1.5T 	(Sept 2004)

- 3T-1

- 3T-2

- 1.5T

## FMRIF Budget (including staff)

**FMRIF Budget (including staff)**

|  | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personnel
(GS & Cont) | 1.08M | 1.25M | 1.39M | 1.44M |
| Supplies
(incl. scanner
service) | 861K | 875K | 892K | 893K |
| Total | 1.938M | 2.125M | 2.282M | 2.32M |

**563K service contract **
**112K major equipment **
**188K small equipment**

## Future Scanners:

**3T-1 will be decommissioned ****Jan 15, ****2007**
**3T-1A will become available ****July 1, ****2007**
**3T-1B will become available ****Nov 1, ****2007**

## NIMH Scanner Time (hrs/week) Usage

- NINDS Scanner Time (hrs/week) Usage

**Total NINDS and NIMH time = 254.3 hours per week**
**NIMH/(NINDS+NIMH) ****	**** = 55.3 %**
**NINDS/(NINDS+NIMH) = 45.0 %**

**Notes:**
Delete NMRF3t and put in total % across three scanners (55, 45 -  NIMH, NINDS)

## Services:

- 1.	State of the art MRI technology.
- Maintenance and support of daily MRI scanner operation.
- Trained MRI technologist coverage during all prime time hours and
- most off hours and weekends.
- 4.	Training by technologists in scanning techniques and protocols.
- Updated scheduling and a means for exchanging scan time between users.
- The FMRIF website (http://fmrif.nimh.nih.gov/).
- 7.	Weekly fMRI discussion groups that focus on recent research and issues.
- 8.	State of the art subject interface devices.
- 9.	Short and long term automatic archiving of fMRI data.
- 10.	Consulting with users on the best fMRI scanning and processing approaches.

## Scanner Performance

**2003     2004     2005      2006**

**2003     2004     2005      2006**

**Critically due to Q/A time and development time**

**Total annual budget: ****	****	****	****	****2.32 M**
**# of subjects scanned in 2007:****	****	****4708**
**Cost per hour of scan time:****	****	****	****$246**
**Cost per subject:****	****	****	****	****	****$492**

## Pulse Sequences

***EPI-RT :*** General purpose BOLD imaging with real time display
***epi3, epi4***** :** NIH EPI sequences, epi4 for use with 16 channel system
***SPEP:*** Simultaneous perfusion and BOLD -spiral/EPI sequence with perfusion and diffusion modules and multi-echo and combined SE and GE capability
***Clustered volume EPI-RT:*** (for auditory studies)
***NIH-EPI*** (for use with 16 channel receiver system)
**Anatomical Imaging**:
** ****MP-RAGE:** T1 weighted sequence with excellent Gray/White matter contrast
-  standard product multi-shot sequences like: SPGR, SE, FSE etc.

- High-resolution venogram

- EPI

- IR-EPI

- Pulsed ASL (QUIPSS II)

**Pulse Sequences**

## Stimulus presentation equipment

- Back projection screen  48X36in (DaLite Polacoat 100) mounted on an aluminum stand.
- Sharp LCD projectors with Buhl lens
- Avotec Silent Vision fiber-optic glasses for visual stimulus with integrated eye-tracking system
- SMI iView system with long-range lens for video-camera based eye-tracking
- Avotec Silent Scan earphones
- Phone-Or Dual Channel Noise-canceling Microphone

***Software and response devices***
- Presentation software
- e-prime (biological)
- Psychophysics Toolbox
- SuperLab
- Custom designed button response units and physiological interfaces  RSB

***New Devices***
- EEG
- Custom DLP projection (higher temporal resolution)
- DLP Backprojection
- Fiber-optic response systems
- MRI compatible power-injector
- Drug infusion pump

## “Real – Time” fMRI

**“****Real – Time” fMRI**

**motion tracking**

## Staff Scientist Projects

**Jerzy Bodurka**
***QA procedure***
***Real time fMRI and AFNI display***
***Linux based synchronized stimuli***
***Multi-channel RF acquisition***
***Physiologic noise assessment***
**Wenming Luh**
***Do-all modular pulse sequence***
***Perfusion imaging***
***Local shimming***
***Primate shimming***
**Sean Marrett**
***High resolution T1 imaging optimization***
***Routine retinotopy***
***Eye tracking***
***NIRS and fMRI comparisons***

**Notes:**
Make consistent with report (projects)

## Education / Support:

- Weekly fMRI discussions (Fridays, 1pm, 10/4N230)
- Bi-Monthly user meetings (First Monday every other month, 3pm, 10/4N230)
- Bi-Monthly steering committee meetings (First Monday every other month, 3pm, 10/4N230)
- Meetings with each PI to address needs and concerns & guide purchases
- Training in scanner operation and use of subject interface devices
- Consulting on paradigm design

## The Website

**The Website**

## 3T – 1 Schedule

**3T – 1 Schedule**

## 3T – 2 Schedule

## Technologist Coverage

**Technologist Coverage**

## Future Directions...

**Dissemination of new methodology to and across groups.**
**Standardization of subject interface devices across scanners. **
**Simultaneous EEG/fMRI.**
**High resolution single shot fMRI (1.8 mm****3****).**
**More routine access to perfusion imaging methods.**
**Improved shimming at base of brain.**
**Physiologic noise assessment and correction.**
**Enhanced website collaboration tools.**
**Increased scanning capacity.**

## Users

**NIMH:**** **
- Peter Bandettini, Ph.D.
- Chris Baker, Ph.D.
- Karen Berman, M.D.
- James Blair, Ph.D.
- Jay Giedd, M.D.
- Christian Grillon, Ph.D.
- Wayne Drevets, M.D.
- Ellen Liebenluft, M.D.
- Alex Martin, Ph.D
- Husseini Manji, M.D.
- Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, M.D.
- Mort Mishkin, Ph.D
- Elizabeth Murray, Ph.D
- Daniel Pine, M.D.
- Judith Rapaport, M.D.
- Jun Shen, Ph.D.
- Susan Swedo, M.D.
- Leslie Ungerleider, Ph.D.
- Daniel Weinberger, M.D.

**NINDS:**** **
- Roscoe Brady, M.D.
- Leonardo Cohen, M.D.
- Jeff Duyn, Ph.D.
- Jordan Grafman, Ph.D.
- Mark Hallet, Ph.D.
- John Hallenbeck, M.D.
- Alan Koretsky, Ph.D.
- Christy Ludlow, Ph.D.
- Henry F. McFarland, M.D.
- Edward Oldfield, M.D.
- William Theodore, M.D.
**NIAAA:**
- Daniel Hommer, M.D.
**NICHD:**
- Peter Basser, Ph.D.
- Allen Braun, M.D.
**NCI:**
- Kathy Warren, M.D.

**Users**

## “fMRI” or “functional MRI”

**“****fMRI” or “functional MRI”**

## Motor (black)

**J. Illes, M. P. Kirschen, J. D. E. Gabrielli, Nature Neuroscience, 6 (3)m p.205**

**Motor (black)**
**Primary Sensory (red)**
**Integrative Sensory (violet)**
**Basic Cognition (green)**
**High-Order Cognition (yellow)**
**Emotion (blue)**

## What works

- One staff scientist per scanner.
- Two technologists per scanner.
- Time give-away mechanism, and website in general.
- Steering and user committee meetings, and feedback in general.
- Scanner Q/A and development time for maintenance.
- Stable scan time allocation.

**What FMRIF needs to improve**

- We need more scan time (will be getting extra 105 hours).
- With this new scanner, we need one staff scientist and two technologists
- We need a transparent, stable, yet updatable allocation of scan time.
- NIMH hours/wk will increase from 141 to about 181
- NINDS hours/wk will increase from 113 to about 153
- Subject recruitment flexibility.
- Normal volunteers could have separate status than patients.
- (would allow for more efficient short term scheduling).

## 34 Principle Investigators

- NINDS hours/wk will increase from 113 to about 153

**34 Principle Investigators**
**Now: ****	****  ****254/34 = 7.5 hrs/week per PI**
**Future: ****334/34 = 9.8 hrs/week per PI**

**Issues:**** **
**Not all PI needs are the same.**
**Need stability and ease of access for established groups, yet we need to allow for continual change and growth.**

## Users

**NIMH:**** **
- Peter Bandettini, Ph.D.
- Chris Baker, Ph.D.
- Karen Berman, M.D.
- James Blair, Ph.D.
- Jay Giedd, M.D.
- Christian Grillon, Ph.D.
- Wayne Drevets, M.D.
- Ellen Liebenluft, M.D.
- Alex Martin, Ph.D
- Husseini Manji, M.D.
- Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, M.D.
- Mort Mishkin, Ph.D
- Elizabeth Murray, Ph.D
- Daniel Pine, M.D.
- Judith Rapaport, M.D.
- Jun Shen, Ph.D.
- Susan Swedo, M.D.
- Leslie Ungerleider, Ph.D.
- Daniel Weinberger, M.D.

**NINDS:**** **
- Roscoe Brady, M.D.
- Leonardo Cohen, M.D.
- Jeff Duyn, Ph.D.
- Jordan Grafman, Ph.D.
- Mark Hallet, Ph.D.
- John Hallenbeck, M.D.
- Alan Koretsky, Ph.D.
- Christy Ludlow, Ph.D.
- Henry F. McFarland, M.D.
- Edward Oldfield, M.D.
- William Theodore, M.D.
**NIAAA:**
- Daniel Hommer, M.D.
**NICHD:**
- Peter Basser, Ph.D.
- Allen Braun, M.D.
**NCI:**
- Kathy Warren, M.D.

**Users**

## Conclusion

**The NIH is likely performing FMRI at a higher level of technical sophistication and cost effectiveness than any other FMRI center in the world. **
**The current system here works incredibly well. The quality of the fMRI research is uniformly high across groups - we all benefit from shared resources, highly integrated communication, and the scale of the operation.**
**To maintain the NIH’s current lead in FMRI worldwide, I believe we should increase total scanner time, ease of access to scanner time, and stability of scanner time to established groups, while encouraging groups not currently performing FMRI to jump in by having some time allocated as “start up” time. **
**All this translates to yet another scanner.   **

**Conclusion**