# Presentation: 906254

## Realizing the New Paradigm for Engineering Education

- Joseph Bordogna
- National Science Foundation
- http://www.nsf.gov/bordogna
- Engineering Foundation Conference
- Baltimore, Maryland
- 4 June 1998

## A 21st Century World

**Cognitive****Revolution**

**Diverse**
**Workforce**

**Creative**
**Transformation**

**Information**
**Explosion**

**Demographic****Shifts**

**Environmental****Sustainability**

**Finite****Resources**

**International****Partnerships**

**Global****Economy**

**Infrastructure**
**Renewal**

**Continuous**
**Innovation**

**Career-Long**
**Learning**

## Innovation System

- Reduction

- Discovery of
- New Knowledge,
- Basic Laws

- Societal Needs
- The Public Good
- Natural Capital

- Synthesis
- Integration

- Design
- Manufacture
- Maintenance

- Capital
- Formation &
- Investment

- Devices
- Processes
- Systems

- Ideas
- Information

**Innovation**
**Wealth Creation**
**Sustainable Development**

- Science

- Engineering

- Policy Context

- Economic Context

- Technology

**Innovation System**

## Innovation vis-a-vis Productivity

**’**

**The source of wealth is something specifically human:  *****KNOWLEDGE***
**Knowledge applied to tasks we already know how to do is *****PRODUCTIVITY***
**Knowledge applied to tasks that are new and different is *****INNOVATION***

***Managing for the Future:  The 1990s and Beyond***
**Peter F. Drucker, 1992**

## Innovation Dynamo

**Savvy S&E**
**Intellectual Capital**
**--------**
**Positive Economic**
**Environment**
**(Capital, Regulatory...)**
**--------**
**Robust SET**
**Infrastructure**

_**Core**_

_**Vectors**_

**Enabled Discovery**

**Connections**
**(Ind./Univ./**
**Govt.)**

**Ubiquitous Tools**

**Complexity**

**Diversity**

_**Results**_

**Wealth**
**Creation**

**Innovation Dynamo**

**Workforce**

**Economic**
**Opportunity**

**Enterprise**
**Transformation**

## Complex Technologies & Global MarketsComparison of Top 30 Exports, 1970 & 1994

- “Economic well being in the future will likely go to those who are successful in innovating complex technologies.”

**Complex Technologies & Global Markets**Comparison of Top 30 Exports, 1970 & 1994

_**1970**_

_**1994**_

**Simple Process**

***58%***

**Simple Product**

***8%***

**Complex Process**

***31%***

**Complex Product**

***59%***

## Organization Norm Specification(Tacit rule of behavior - usually unwritten notions of how to act/how not to act)

- Taboos

**Autonomy**
_**Driven**_

**Control**
_**Driven**_

**Cooperation**
_**Driven**_

- Traditions

- Trappings

- Turf

- Tempo

- Technology

- Thrust

- Teamwork

- Not taking
- initiative

- Doing one’s
- own thing

- Withholding
- help

- Celebrating
- freedom

- Celebrating
- continuity

- Celebrating
- flexibility

- Horizontal
- differentiation

- Vertical
- differentiation

- Integration
- of people

- Property of
- each individual

- Property of
- the organization

- Property of
- everyone

- Civilized

- Regimented

- Electric

- To enhance
- individual performance

- To constrain/
- replace people

- To enhance group
- performance

- In each individual’s
- capacity

- In the wisdom of
- management

- In group process

- Situational

- Scripted

- Shared

*R.W. Keidel, 1988*
*Corporate Players: Designs for Working and Winning Together*

## How Old Corporate Structures Use Technology

- Autonomy-Driven Corporation
- Cultivates and Rewards the Individual
- Technology Seen as Tool to Enable More Productivity
- Control-Driven Corporation
- Puts the Organization First
- Technology Used to Constrain or Replace the Individual

## The Knowledge Age Workplace: Technology Used to Cooperate

- Technology is used to
- Enhance Group Performance
- Celebrate Flexibility
- Stimulate Creativity
- Enable Market-Changing Ideas

## Seeing What’s Visible:21st Century Academe

- Department-based
- Campus-centric
- Few Links to Industry
- Building-Block Courses
- Research vs. Education

- Topic-based
- Global Reach
- Robust Industry Partnership
- Holistic Curriculum
- Integration of Research & Education

_**Traditional**_

_**Emerging**_

## NSF Outcome Goals

- Discoveries and and across the frontier of science and engineering
- Connections between discoveries and their use in service to society
- A diverse, globally-oriented workforce of scientists and engineers
- Improved achievement in mathematics and science skills needed by all Americans
- Meaningful information on the national and international science and engineering enterprise

## NSF Core Strategies

- Develop Intellectual Capital
- Strengthen the Physical Infrastructure
- Integrate Research and Education
- Promote Partnerships

## Integrating Research and EducationDefinition

- At all levels the learning process is enabled and enriched by:
- discovery, curiosity and inquiry
- the dynamics of the shared student-teacher experience
- a holistic faculty and student body and effective partnerships
- availability of information/cognitive resources

*The weaving of knowledge creation, knowledge integration, and knowledge transfer into a robust whole that both defines and enables the process of continuous learning and the quest for new knowledge.*

## Role of Academe: Building Capacity for Learning and Innovation

- Knowledge
- Integration

- Resource
- Investment

- Knowledge
- Creation

- Continuous
- Learning and
- Innovation

- Knowledge
- Transfer

- Education
- Research

## NSF Themes

- Knowledge & Distributed Intelligence
- Life and Earth’s Environment
- Educating for the Future

## Knowledge & Distributed Intelligence in the Age of Information

- Next Generation Internet
- Multidisciplinary Approaches
- Knowledge Networking
- Learning and Intelligent Systems
- New Computational Challenges

## Learning and Intelligent Systems

- Learning Technologies
- Insights Into Learning and Cognitive Functioning
- Computational Tools in Learning
- Collaborative Learning Across Physical and Virtual Communities
- Collaborative Human-Machine Learning
- Using Digital Libraries in Learning
- Knowledge-on-Demand Pedagogies

## Career FundamentalsThe Year 2010

- Simplicity

- Complexity

- System

- Productivity

- Innovation

- Commodity

- Design

- Team

- Cognition

- Making & Moving

- What was, and is harder to get

- What is, and will be

- Features not gleaned from the parts

- A 20th century focus

- A 21st century focus

- What all that is new, becomes

- Manifestation of intent

- Intellectual diversity

- Major computer-communications tool

- Adam Smith’s stuff

## The Credentials/Skill SetThe Year 2010

- Handle projects from initial conception of an idea through to product realization
- Understand, nurture, and capitalize sustainably on nature
- Be alpha-numeric literate
- Articulate team goals, influence others to invest in them, evince trust at all levels
- Envision rational solution scenarios to open-ended challenges
- Act as catalyst and master integrator in multifaceted, multidisciplinary projects
- Understand and practice quality issues

## The Credentials/Skill SetThe Year 2010

- Manifest a strategic intent in design
- Enable comfort in interpersonal relations
- Pursue standards-based practice
- Practice creative transformation
- Focus on innovation
- Sense the coupling among seemingly disparate issues
- Make sense of complexity
- Contribute to, extract from, participate in the world’s collective intelligence base
- Be an astute observer of strategic inflection points and anticipate their consequences at the moment of inflection

## Societal Image of the EngineerThe Year 2010

- Astute maker
- Trusted innovator
- Ensurer of safety/quality of life
- Change agent
- Master integrator
- Enterprise enabler
- Technology steward
- Knowledge handler
-                 - - - - -

## Hardening of the Categories

- There is no graver threat to the process of discovery than that dread disease, ‘hardening of the categories’.

*-- Bob Miller*
*    **Science Artist*
*    **San Francisco*

## Analysis Presupposes Synthesis

- For where the understanding has not previously combined, it cannot dissolve, since only as having been combined - by the understanding - can anything that allows of analysis to be given to the faculty of representation.

*Kant*
*Critique of Pure Reason*

## Enabling the Nation’s Capacity to PerformEngineering at the Interface of Human and Physical Systems

**Enabling the Nation’s Capacity to Perform**Engineering at the Interface of Human and Physical Systems

**NATURAL SYSTEMS**

**PHYSICAL**
**SYSTEMS**

**HUMAN**
**SYSTEMS**

**Sustainable**
**Development**

**Cost Reducing**
**Health Care**

**Human-Machine**
**Interfaces**

**Life Cycle**
**Engineering**

**Educational**
**Technologies**

**Management of**
**Technological Innovation**

**Learning and**
**Intelligent Systems**

## Challenges for 21st Century Academe

- See the world whole; sense the coupling among seemingly disparate fields of endeavor
- Perform synthesis in balance with analysis
- Build connections between the world of learning and the world beyond
**Innovate**

**Educate students to:**

## Putting Our Ideals to WorkThe Year 2010

- “An ideal is but a flaming vision of reality.”

*Joseph Conrad *
*  **(1857-1924)*

## Components of a Holistic Baccalaureate Education

- Vertical (In-depth) Thinking

- Abstract Learning

- Reductionism - Fractionalization

- Develop Order

- Understand Certainty

- Analysis

- Research

- Solve Problems

- Develop Ideas

- Independence

- Technological - Scientific Base

- Lateral (Functional) Thinking

- Experiential Learning

- Integration - Connecting the Parts

- Correlate Chaos

- Handle Ambiguity

- Synthesis

- Design / Process / Manufacture

- Formulate Problems

- Implement Ideas

- Teamwork

- Societal Context

- Engineering Science

- Functional Core of Engineering

## Digital Technology is Enabling Collective Intelligence

- For the first time we have the ability to extract, preserve and organize the collective intelligence of entire populations.

*Douglas Englebart*