# Presentation: 845539

## The Main Injector Particle Production experiment

- Andrew Godley
- for the MIPP Collaboration:
- BNL, Colorado, EFI Fermilab, Harvard, IIT, Iowa, Indiana, Livermore, Michigan, South Carolina, Virginia

- Muon 07 UCLA
- January 2007

## MIPP overview

- Measure particle production off various nuclei
- Incoming secondary beams of π±, K± and p± from 5 to 80 GeV/c or primary p beam from the Main Injector (120 GeV/c)
- Large acceptance spectrometer featuring a Time Projection Chamber
- Measure momentum of all charged particles produced
- Identify particles with dE/dx, ToF, differential and ring imaging Cerenkovs.

## The MIPP Spectrometer

- TPC PID: < 1 GeV/c

- DCKOV PID: 3-17 GeV/c

- TOF PID: 1-3 GeV/c

- RICH PID: 17-80 GeV/c

- EMCAL

- HCAL

- Wire Chambers

- Wire Chambers

- JGG Analysing
- Magnet 0.7T

- Rosie Analysing
- Magnet 0.6T

- Physicists

## MIPP Physics

- Particle Physics
- Non-perturbative QCD hadron dynamics, Particle fragmentation scaling laws (MIPP can test general scaling law in 36 reactions)
- Spectroscopy – Search for missing baryon resonances, glueballs
- Nuclear physics
- Y-scaling (Measure cross sections of hadrons on nucleons *in the nuclear medium.*)
- Propagation of strangeness through nuclei
- Service measurements
- Hadron shower models in Geant4, MARS,...
- Proton radiography, stockpile stewardship, national security applications
- Neutrino production (NuMI, T2K, MiniBooNE, atmospheric)
- -factory

## Application to neutrino experiments

- Hadron production is largest uncertainty in neutrino flux prediction
- Existing hadron production data sparse
- Measure production from NuMI target
- Use event by event measurement as input to NuMI beam simulator (replace Fluka target)
- Also use to tune beam simulations and fits
- Thin C, Al and Be targets also measured – help simulate interactions downstream of the target
- Combine thin and thick target data to benchmark cascade calculations in thick targets

- Distribution of hadrons decaying to produce
- neutrinos at the MINOS far (top) and near
- detectors

## Data collected

- Ran throughout 2005 and first two months of 2006
- 5 thin targets Be, C, Al, Bi, U
- 7 million Liquid Hydrogen triggers
- 1.78 million triggers on the NuMI target
- 14 million triggers with no TPC (faster data rate) for Kaon mass measurement from RICH ring diameter
- First reconstruction pass completed – DST produced for analyses

- GeV/c

## Beam particle ID and trigger

- Tag incoming particle, use two upstream Cerenkov detectors
- >85% purity (tested with RICH)
- Can use beam TOF for   5 GeV/c (and lower)
- Added small scintillator trigger upstream of thin targets
- Combined with multiplicity in first drift chamber
- Purpose built scintillator trigger for NuMI target

- PRELIMINARY

## TPC Reconstruction

- From raw TPC data form clusters of hits in Z slices, then form tracks and the vertex
- TPC distortion effects:
- Inhomogeneous magnetic field causes drift electrons to deviate from path to readout
- Corrections applied using a measured magnetic field map
- Distortion effects now < 3mm

## Chamber Alignment

- First determine Drift Chamber time offsets
- Compute residual of track fits for each wire when it is NOT used in the fit, move plane (of wires) within 30% of this residual and iterate
- Then align chambers together using beam tracks that hit all 3 beam and 6 post target chambers, or secondary tracks that hit all 6 post target chambers
- Original alignment found problems in the survey and its implementation in our geometry and in the field maps – Corrected
- Average RMS of wire plane alignment is now ~60m

## Tracking

- Basic procedure is to fit TPC tracks then match track candidates from chambers to these TPC tracks
- Improvements: Track merging (eliminate duplicates),  included high angle tracks (needed for vertexing)
- Kalman filter based tracking also being developed for TPC and then global tracking

- TPC XZ

- TPC YZ

- TPC XY

## Particle ID - TPC

- TPC dE/dx already shows reasonable Pi/K/P separation
- Calibrate anode voltage and drift times
- Normalise dE/dx to minimum ionization level
- Continue improving dE/dx resolution
- Then extract Particle ID probabilities

- TPC dE/dx

- IN PROGRESS

## Particle ID – TOF and CKOV

- Calibrating delays of individual bars in TOF wall
- With rough timing and previous tracking can see proton band
- Calibration of CKOV light levels in progress

- IN PROGRESS

- Expected

- v cm/ns

- P GeV

## Particle ID - RICH

- ID by radius of cerenkov ring
- Ring finding and fitting algorithms complete

- Beam Tracks

- Secondary Tracks

## Reconstruction Summary

- New deterministic annealing vertexing method improves vertex resolution
- Developing tracking with Kalman-filter based technique (RecPack) in parallel to current tracking efforts
- New DST production in a month to include these major improvements
- TPC, TOF and Differential Cerenkov PID continuing
- Full detector Monte Carlo almost complete
- Recreates different target and running conditions

## NuMI target data

- Beam aligned Δx=0.002 cm Δy=0.051 cm
- Total positive tracks, Pions and Kaons identified by the RICH

- PRELIMINARY

## Physics analyses in progess

- Target fragmentation multiplicities
- Hanbury Brown and Twist quantum interfence effect
- Charged kaon mass
- Soft pion production cross sections
- Proton and anti-proton production cross sections

## MIPP Upgrade - Hardware

- Hundred fold increase in data taking rate – record 5 million events per day from limited beam (spill every 2 minutes)
- TPC readout electronics limit data taking (30Hz)– use ALICE ALTRO chips
- JGG coil replacement
- New silicon pixel trigger (B-TeV design) with veto
- New chamber electronics
- New TOF/CKOV readout eletronics (TripT chip)
- New Recoil detector
- DAQ upgrade
- Beamline optics and shielding – run with 1 to 85 GeV/c beam

## MIPP Upgrade - Physics

- More MINOS target statistics, NOvA target and others (MiniBooNE, T2K)
- Pi and K production cross sections on liquid nitrogen for atmospheric neutrino or cosmic ray experiments
- Larger list of targets:
-    H2, D2, Li, Be, B, C, N2, O2, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Ar, K, Ca, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Ag, Sn, W, Pt, Au, **Hg**, Pb, Bi, U
- Target area to be reengineered – can accommodate any unusual target system – but need details soon
- ILC - Tagged neutral beams and higher statistics for hadron shower simulations
- ILC calorimeters need to achieve 30%/√E – current shower simulators are in a poor state (see HSSW06)
- Limiting factor is manpower, new collaborators welcome!

## Summary

- MIPP collected 17 million events that will address a broad range of physics
- Reconstruction is being finalised, preliminary analysis results expected throughout the summer
- Upgrade work is ongoing. Most of the new electronics is designed. Encouragement from Fermilab management for the upgrade but our proposal needs more support to be approved
- The upgrade will allow MIPP to drastically improve its statistics of complete particle coverage events
- Current plan is to start commissioning run in Q1 2008
- New collaborators most welcome – opportunities to have specific NFMC targetry data taken
- Excellent training for students and postdocs