# Presentation: 377617

## Session IV.3

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

- Review of the Seismology component of the training course
- April 6, 2006
- Sri Lanka

## Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
Elastic rebound theory.
The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
Earthquake magnitude scales.
The principles of hypocentral location.
Focal mechanisms.
Recording station operations and seismic networks

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

- Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
- Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
- Elastic rebound theory.
- The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
- Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
- Earthquake magnitude scales.
- The principles of hypocentral location.
- Focal mechanisms.
- Recording station operations and seismic networks

## Handout pages 63, 75-80

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

*Handout pages 63, 75-80*

**Notes:**
Plates are rigid and the majority of deformation occurs on plate boundaries. Therefore, plate boundaries are the location of the majority of earthquakes

## Frequency distribution of earthquakes

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

| Number of Earthquakes Worldwide for 2000 - 2006 Located by the US Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Magnitude  | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 |
| 8.0 to 9.9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2  | 1  | 0  |
| 7.0 to 7.9 | 14 | 15 | 13 | 14 | 14  | 10  | 4  |
| 6.0 to 6.9 | 158 | 126 | 130 | 140 | 141  | 150  | 21  |
| 5.0 to 5.9 | 1345 | 1243 | 1218 | 1203 | 1515  | 1720  | 239  |

*Log N = a - bM*

*Handout pages 101-114*

## Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
Elastic rebound theory.
The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
Earthquake magnitude scales.
The principles of hypocentral location.
Focal mechanisms.
Recording station operations and seismic networks

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

- Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
- Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
- Elastic rebound theory.
- The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
- Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
- Earthquake magnitude scales.
- The principles of hypocentral location.
- Focal mechanisms.
- Recording station operations and seismic networks

## Elastic Rebound Theory

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

*Handout pages: 62, 95*

## Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
Elastic rebound theory.
The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
Earthquake magnitude scales.
The principles of hypocentral location.
Focal mechanisms.
Recording station operations and seismic networks

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

- Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
- Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
- Elastic rebound theory.
- The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
- Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
- Earthquake magnitude scales.
- The principles of hypocentral location.
- Focal mechanisms.
- Recording station operations and seismic networks

## Handout pages:

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

*Handout pages:*
*48-60, 72*

## P waves

*P waves*

## Ray paths

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

- .  “Whole Earth Geophysics” by Robert J. Lillie

*Handout pages:*
*82-94*

## Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
Elastic rebound theory.
The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
Earthquake magnitude scales.
The principles of hypocentral location.
Focal mechanisms.
Recording station operations and seismic networks

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

- Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
- Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
- Elastic rebound theory.
- The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
- Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
- Earthquake magnitude scales.
- The principles of hypocentral location.
- Focal mechanisms.
- Recording station operations and seismic networks

-  Love Waves

- vertical

- radial

- transverse

- Rayleigh Waves

- P

- S

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

*Handout page 70*

## Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
Elastic rebound theory.
The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
Earthquake magnitude scales.
The principles of hypocentral location.
Focal mechanisms.
Recording station operations and seismic networks

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

- Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
- Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
- Elastic rebound theory.
- The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
- Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
- Earthquake magnitude scales.
- The principles of hypocentral location.
- Focal mechanisms.
- Recording station operations and seismic networks

## Types of Magnitude Scales

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

- ML       Local magnitude (California)      regional S and           0.1-1 sec
-                                                          surface waves
- Mj       JMA (Japan Meteorol. Agency)    regional S and           5-10 sec
-                                                           surface waves
- mb    Body wave magnitude    	         teleseismic P waves    1-5 sec
- Ms     Surface wave magnitude 	         teleseismic surface      20 sec
-                                                             waves
- Mw       Moment magnitude                   teleseismic surface     > 200 sec
-                                                              waves
- Mwp     P-wave moment magnitude        teleseismic P waves    10-60 sec
- Mm      Mantle magnitude                      teleseismic surface     > 200 sec
-                                                                                               waves

- Period Range

## Relationship between different types of magnitudes

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

*Handout pages:*
*65-69, 118-121, 125-126*

## Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
Elastic rebound theory.
The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
Earthquake magnitude scales.
The principles of hypocentral location.
Focal mechanisms.
Recording station operations and seismic networks

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

- Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
- Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
- Elastic rebound theory.
- The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
- Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
- Earthquake magnitude scales.
- The principles of hypocentral location.
- Focal mechanisms.
- Recording station operations and seismic networks

## hypocentral locations

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

- .  “Whole Earth Geophysics” by Robert J. Lillie

*Handout pages:*
*64, 115-117 & Dr Kayal’s notes on the CD*

## Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
Elastic rebound theory.
The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
Earthquake magnitude scales.
The principles of hypocentral location.
Focal mechanisms.
Recording station operations and seismic networks

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

- Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
- Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
- Elastic rebound theory.
- The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
- Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
- Earthquake magnitude scales.
- The principles of hypocentral location.
- Focal mechanisms.
- Recording station operations and seismic networks

## Handout 

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

- .  “Whole Earth Geophysics” by Robert J. Lillie

*Handout *
*pages 73-75, 98-100, 122-124*

## Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
Elastic rebound theory.
The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
Earthquake magnitude scales.
The principles of hypocentral location.
Focal mechanisms.
Recording station operations and seismic networks

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

- Key topics covered in the seismology component of the course:
- Global distribution and frequency of earthquakes.
- Elastic rebound theory.
- The particle motion and path through the Earth of major seismic phases (P, S, Surface waves).
- Identification of P, S and surface wave arrivals on a seismogram.
- Earthquake magnitude scales.
- The principles of hypocentral location.
- Focal mechanisms.
- Recording station operations and seismic networks

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

- Vault of an observatory

*Handout pages:*
*127-130*

## Handout pages 131-132

**Sri Lanka Earthquake & Tsunami Warning Training Program**

*Handout pages 131-132*