# Presentation: 249996

##  The NOAA Operational Model Archive and Distribution System		      NOMADS

- 	     	     Overview and Plans
- 		          Glenn K. Rutledge
- 	   	             NOMADS  PI
-                     National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- 	                     National Climatic Data Center
- 	                      Earth Science Portal Meeting
- 	                            GFDL Princeton, NJ
- 	              	                  June 8, 2004

## Overview

-  Retrospective analysis and model inter-comparison are necessary to verify and improve short term NWP models, seasonal forecasts, climate simulations, assessment and detection efforts.

-   University and Institutional research goes largely untapped by NOAA scientists. Effort is wasted on data receipt and format issues with no infrastructure to collaborate.

*Overview*

## Overview

-  NCDC, NCEP and GFDL initiated the NOAA Operational Model Archive and Distribution System.
-  NOMADS is a distributed data services pilot for format independent access to climate and weather models and data.

*Overview*

## History of ESP

- a need for a more technical forum to coordinate various
- distributed data access and Web and grid portal efforts.
-   Thus the original NOMADS team formed the Earth Science
- Portal (ESP) effort.
-   One of the initial requests from this group to NOMADS was
- 	“ Glenn- you need to build an archive interface”
-   The NOMADS is now an operational at NCDC!

*History of ESP*

## Scientific Data Networking?

-   	- What data of interest exist?
-   	- Are they going to be useful to me?
-   	- How can I obtain them in a usable form?
-    Time and effort are wasted on data access and format
-      issues.
-   As a result atmosphere/ocean/climate data are under-
-     utilized.  Model inter-comparison nearly impossible.

*Scientific Data Networking?*

- Source: R. Stouffer (GFDL)

## Scientific Data Networking...

- Access to remote data in the users normal application
- IDL / IDV / Matlab / Ferret
- GrADS (GRIB/BUFR w/ GDS)
- Netscape / Excel / http (wget)
- CDAT (PCMDI)
**Any netCDF application**      (i.e., AWIPS)
**Don’t need to know the format in which the data are stored.**

**Data publishing (server)**
**Can serve data in various formats**
- netCDF / GRIB / BUFR / GRIB2
- HDF (3-5) / EOS
- SQL / FreeForm
- JGOFS / NcML
- DSP
- ascii, others...
**Spatial and temporal sub-setting and host side computations on the fly.**

- NOMADS simplifies scientific data networking, allowing simple access to high volume remote data, unifying access to Climate and Weather models:

*Scientific Data Networking...*

## The Partnerships

- 	CDC
- 	COLA   co-PI
- 	FSL
- 	GFDL   co-PI
- 	LLNL   co-PI
- 	NCAR
- 	NCDC   PI
- 	NCEP    co-PI
- 	PMEL    co-PI
- 	Unidata

**	**BADC (UK)
- 	CEOP
- 	CEOS
- 	ESMF & PRISM
- 	LEAD & GTF (NSF)
- 	NASA GCMD & ESIP
- 	NERC DataGrid
- 	NSSL w/UW/SSEC
- 	United Nations FAO

*The Partnerships*

## Collaborating Programs

*Collaborating Programs*

- CAP     Climate Action Partnership  	       	DOC DOE EPA State Dept
- CDP     Community Data Portal 			NCAR
- CEOSGrid  Committee on EO Satellites		NOAA Representative
- CEOP   Coordinated Earth Obs Period    	NOAA Representative
- EPA     Air Quality Models 			(in progress)
- ESP      Earth Science Portal	 		Member
- European PRISM
- NASA GCMD    				Science Advisory Board
- NERC DataGrid 				Advisory Committee
- NSF Cyberinfrastructure 			Member
**NSF** **LEAD GTF GeoScience Tech Forum**	Planning Committee
- NVODS / US GODAE / GOOS			Data Provider
- Unidata THREDDS,  NSDL,  DLESSE		Data Provider
- WCRP World Climate Research Program  	JSC/CLIVAR

## Uses

- Assess the affect of inadequate spatial and temporal sampling.
- Models can be used to guide the spatial and temporal sampling frequency for observing network design and operation to resolve distributions for specific variables.
- Accurate estimates of future climate variability and trends.
- Long-term protection of climate simulations and NWP analysis.

*Uses*

## Uses (cont.)

*Uses (cont.)*

-   NCEP Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) re-run capability.
-   Model input Data Assimilation fields for Regional model
-     bndry initialization (e.g., regional climate models, WRF, MM5).
-   Historical analysis of NWP for operational forecaster training.
-   Third-world internet access to NWP for forecast operations.
-   Collaboration between Global Climate Model (GCM) and NWP
-     researchers using large data volumes of data.

## Uses (cont.)

-   NOMADS can provide high-frequency references states from NWP models and low-frequency references from fixed climatologies.
-   In the observing system circa 2000, the NWP reference is of high quality due to model improvements - and heavily constrained by wide variety of observations on a global scale.  Thus, NWP reference is more independent today than in the past.

*Uses (cont.)*

## The NOMADS Philosophy

*The NOMADS Philosophy*

_**Multiple paths to format independent data access:**_

## NCDC System Architecture

- NOAAPort

- Unidata IDD

- NCEP ftp

** ****Data & Directory **
**   ****structures “merged”**
** ****Daily Data Ingest **
**   ****inter-comparison **
** ****QC and R/T Monitoring**
** ****Index File generation**
** ****Control and OPeNDAP **
**   ****metadata generation  **
** ****CVS Backup (code)**
** ****NCDC Archive Interface**

** ****Earth System **
**Grid & **
**CEOS-Grid**

**Obs, Eta, **
**GFS, RUC**

**Hi-Res**
**GFS, Eta, **
**NARR and**
**GDAS**

_**Data Ingest**_

**Dual**
**Redundant**
**Ingest**

_**Data Management**_

_**Data Access**_

**NCDC**
**Archive**

**NOMADS**
**Web/DODS**

*NCDC System Architecture*

- GigaPOP

## NCDC System Architecture

- WGRIB*
- GRIB2CTL.pl*
- GRIBMAP*
- NOMADS scripts

*NCDC System Architecture*

**FSL + Unidata’s**
**Local Data Manager**

**WMO Files Merged by Model **
**and FCST Hour**

**Sync_all_idd.csh**
**Rsync**

**Fast Access Archive**
**/MODEL/YYYYMM/YYYYMMDD**
**Symbolic Links to WMO files**

**User Access**
**Order-Based **
**Web Interface**

- NOAAPort

- Unidata IDD

- NCEP ftp

- GigaPOP

**Unidata’s**
**Local Data Manager**

**User Access**
**Pdisp Plotter***
**FTP**
**HTTP**
**GDS Server**

- NOMADS RAID

- HiRes Data

- NCDC Archive

- Backup Feed

## Dynamic Ingest Monitoring

*Dynamic Ingest Monitoring*

- Dual Site Ingest and Dynamic error reporting for a serially complete archive.  QC architecture discovered NOAAPort labeling errors.

## NOMADS Hardware Configuration

- NOMADS on-line
- volume:  12.7TB

- Data Ingest
- -NOAAPort
- -NCDC ftp
- -Unidata IDD

- Data Access

-  Data Management
-      On-Line and HDSS Archive Access

- NSA_GKR_Jun04

## Core Systems / Applications

-   Inexpensive PC Linux and LINUX Clusters
-   Fast IDE Level 5 RAID NFS Read only behind firewall
- - Red Hat
- - OPeNDAP (DODS) + THREDDS Catalog
- - GrADS-Data Server -GDS
- - Live Access Server -LAS
- - LAS/CDAT-Climate Data Analysis Tools (LLNL)
- - Globus (Earth System Grid –ESG)

*Core Systems / Applications*

## NCDC GrADS Data Server

- GRIB, HDF

- NetCDF

- GrADS binary

- etc..

**Datasets in any format supported by GrADS**

- Result cache

**For GRIB and BUFR users, multi-dimensional data (space/time), and data subsets are extracted on the fly.**

- GrADS batch mode

- interface code

**DODS*** server libraries

- Server

**performs analysis operations**

**manages sessions, translates dataset names**

- Java servlet

**supports extended request types for analysis, upload**

- Encapsulated Analysis Requests

- Station data

- BUFR

- Internet

*NCDC GrADS Data Server*

- Source: B. Doty (COLA)

## NCDC Install of LAS

*NCDC Install of LAS*

**GDS**

- GOAL: Retrieving and Using GRIB/BUFR through GDS and LAS

- Modified from Hankin ‘03

## Framework

-   OPeNDAP is a binary-level protocol designed for the transport
-     of scientific data subsets over the Internet.   Provides server
-     side data manipulation on-the-fly (e.g., GrADS-DODS).
-   Data formats: GRIB, GRIB2, BUFR, HDF, NetCDF, ascii...
-    Conventions: COARDS, CF, FGDC, DIF....libraries built as
-    necessary.
-   APIs: JAVA-OPeNDAP, C++-OPeNDAP, NetCDF, GRIB,
-    BUFR, THREDDS, Python.

*Framework*

## Framework (cont.)

*Utilize Binary data and metadata through OPeNDAP ...*

*Framework (cont.)*

## At left is the complete GDS script for generating 

- * January Mean 500 Height (1981 to 1989) minus (1990 to 1998)
- * Mean & Standard Deviation for all 10 ensembles
- * Time required: 60 secs
- 'reinit'
- '!date'
- * baseURL  = 'http://motherlode.ucar.edu:9090/dods/_expr_'
- * GKR 2/13/03  New NCAR URL
- baseURL  = 'http://dataportal.ucar.edu:9191/dods/'
- expr = 'ave(z,t=387,t=483,12)-ave(z,t=495,t=591,12)'
- xdim = '0:360'
- ydim = '20:90'
- zdim = '500:500'
- tdim = '1nov1978:1nov1978'
- 'sdfopen 'baseURL'_expr_{C20C/C20C_A}{'expr'}{'xdim','ydim','zdim','tdim'}'
- 'sdfopen 'baseURL'_expr_{C20C/C20C_B}{'expr'}{'xdim','ydim','zdim','tdim'}'
- 'sdfopen 'baseURL'_expr_{C20C/C20C_C}{'expr'}{'xdim','ydim','zdim','tdim'}'
- 'sdfopen 'baseURL'_expr_{C20C/C20C_D}{'expr'}{'xdim','ydim','zdim','tdim'}'
- 'sdfopen 'baseURL'_expr_{C20C/C20C_E}{'expr'}{'xdim','ydim','zdim','tdim'}'
- 'sdfopen 'baseURL'_expr_{C20C/C20C_F}{'expr'}{'xdim','ydim','zdim','tdim'}'
- 'sdfopen 'baseURL'_expr_{C20C/C20C_G}{'expr'}{'xdim','ydim','zdim','tdim'}'
- 'sdfopen 'baseURL'_expr_{C20C/C20C_H}{'expr'}{'xdim','ydim','zdim','tdim'}'
- 'sdfopen 'baseURL'_expr_{C20C/C20C_I}{'expr'}{'xdim','ydim','zdim','tdim'}'
- 'sdfopen 'baseURL'_expr_{C20C/C20C_J}{'expr'}{'xdim','ydim','zdim','tdim'}'
- 'define resa = result.1'
- 'define resb = result.2'
- 'define resc = result.3'
- 'define resd = result.4'
- 'define rese = result.5'
- 'define resf = result.6'
- 'define resg = result.7'
- 'define resh = result.8'
- 'define resi = result.9'
- 'define resj = result.10'
- say 'got data'
- 'set lev 500'
- 'set lat 20 90'
- 'define mean = (resa + resb + resc + resd + rese + resf + resg + resh + resi + resj)/10'
- 'define d1 = (pow(resa-mean,2))' ; 'define d2 = (pow(resb-mean,2))'
- 'define d3 = (pow(resc-mean,2))' ; 'define d4 = (pow(resd-mean,2))'
- 'define d5 = (pow(rese-mean,2))' ; 'define d6 = (pow(resf-mean,2))'
- 'define d7 = (pow(resg-mean,2))' ; 'define d8 = (pow(resj-mean,2))'
- 'define d9 = (pow(resi-mean,2))' ; 'define d10 = (pow(resj-mean,2))'
- 'define stddev = pow((d1 + d2 + d3 + d4 + d5 + d6 + d7 + d8 + d9 + d10)/10,0.5)'
- 'set gxout shaded'
- 'set mproj nps'
- 'display mean'
- 'draw title January Mean 500 Height (1981 to 1989) minus (1990 to 1998)'
- 'set string 3 bc 1'
- 'draw string 5.5 .5 Mean & Standard Deviation for all 10 ensembles:
- ‘C20C  Climate of the 20th Century Folland/Kinter'
- *'cbarn'
- 'set gxout contour'
- 'set ccolor 0'
- 'display stddev'
- '!date'

- At left is the complete GDS script for generating
- mean and sdev at 500mb analyzing 18 years of
- “_Climate of the 20__th __Century_” over the Internet:
-            		 _**Traditional**_ vs. _**NOMADS**_ method:
- Volume transported: 100Gb    vs.   2Kb
- Time to access data:  days       vs.   60 sec
- Code development:   days        vs.   minutes
- Fortran based LOC:  ~1000     vs.   50 LOC

## Data Availability Overview

- GFDL:  Coupled Models, Control and Perturbation
-  	 Integrations and historical 20th century simulations
- 	 using solar, volcano, GHG and aerosol forcings.
- FSL:      MADIS mesoNets, Hi-Res RUC-II
- NCAR:  Community Climate System Model / Land Surface
-               CO2 predictive models (VEMAP), Reanalysis /  Eta
- NCDC:  Archive for NCEP model input/output / Select NCDC
-               Observation datasets, Ocean/Ice WAVE, NARR, SST’s...
- NCEP:   Real-time Input/Output, Reanalysis (I&II),  Ensembles, Sea
-               Ice Ocean, CDAS, Hourly Eta, Climate Forecast Models...
- LLNL:   AMIP / Probabilistic information
- PMEL:   Ocean and Climate datasets

*Data Availability Overview*

## NCDC and NCEP Data

*NCDC and NCEP Data*

-   NCDC NOMADS Archive
-  NWP from NCEP
-  POR: 2002 to Real-Time
-  Eta (12km); GFS (1 degree); GDAS; NARR 12km 30yrs
-  RUC-II 20/40km; Ocean and Ice WAVE Models
-  NCDC Reference Data Sets (Reynolds SST’s, GHCN...)
-  NCDC Mirror site to NCEP NOMADS for Eta & GFS
-  NCEP Real-Time NOMADS
-  Global Forecast System GFS 1 degree
-  Hourly Eta at 12km
-  Regional Spectral Model (RSM) and Ensembles
-  Climate Data Assimilation System (CDAS)
-  AMIP Climate Monitoring, Climate Forecast Model
-  NCEP/NCAR Global Reanalysis 1&2

## Model Input: NCEP GDAS

-   model output products as close as possible to NCEP operations.
-  The analysis files will be in the models own coordinate system.
-  Files are constructed with computer and computational efficiency
-   in mind, and not in standard coordinate systems.
-  Programs to convert  these files are available upon request:
-  spectral to gaussian
-  gaussian to lat/lon
-  sigma to pressure

*Model Input: NCEP GDAS*

## Archive and User Statistics

*Archive and User Statistics*

-   Data Philosophy and Retention
-   Data are free.
-   NWP forecast data are retained for five years.
-   All other data are retained for long term stewardship.
-   Data Users
-  Resolution of IP addresses indicate a broad range, and
-    consistent use of NOMADS available data:
-   U.S. Agencies, Academic Institutions: K-12 to Research
-   International governments, (Italy, Japan, countries within
-    South America and Africa.  Many others).
-   Private Sector and Non-Government Organizations NGO’s
-   World Bank, United Nations (FAO), others.

## Archive and User Statistics (cont.)

*Archive and User Statistics **(cont.)*

- Existing and Projected Volume

- 2004 Stats are Jan thru May only!

- * 5-YR retention

- May 2004

## NOMADS Main Page

*NOMADS Main Page*

## NCDC Web Interface

*NCDC Web Interface*

## NCDC Web Interface (cont.)

*NCDC Web Interface (cont.)*

- The NCDC Web Plotter & Interface originally developed at NCEP:

- NOMADS leverages efforts across the community.

## NOMADS “Web Plotter” 

*NOMADS “Web Plotter” *

-   NCDC ingest 150K
- grids/day.
-   POR 2002 to present.
-   Any one of these
- accessible in seconds
- Via:	OpENDAP
- 	GDS
-         	ftp
-         	Web Plotter
- 	LAS (soon)

## Providers: NCEP

*Providers: NCEP*

## Providers: GFDL

*Providers: GFDL*

## Providers: FSL

*Providers: FSL*

## Collaborators: NCAR CDP

*Collaborators: NCAR CDP*

## Collaborator: NASA GCMD

*Collaborator: NASA GCMD*

## Next Steps

-   NARR: North American Regional Reanalysis
-   NCDC to use NOMADS Operationally in the Customer Services Division:
-     Model Data, the Natl, Digital Fcst Database, SRRS, and most graphics.
-   AWIPS going NOMADS?
-  Phoncon: FSL indicates next AWIPS will be OPeNDAP enabled.
-  FSL drafting white paper to NOAA CIO (go NOMADS).
-  NOMADS to brief NOAA.   Request NCEP and GFDL Participation.
-   Work to Operatinalize NOMADS.  How?  (GTF Planning Member)
-   Advance into Climate analysis and detection efforts
-  Science based user workshops and projects (still) needed.

*Next Steps*

## Next Steps (cont.)

-   Funding is now required for...
- -  Google like search engine.
- -  Data Management and Science based tools to:
-   help verify content and location, and generation of metadata (i.e., reanalysis)
- -  Advance, Support, and _Coordinate_ various OPeNDAP projects:
-  allows climate / ocean / weather model inter-comparison and access.
-  Support software development at institutions (COLA, PMEL, OPeNDAP).
- -  Do not over engineer this process.  Build on simple successes with the
-    existing efforts including a new NOMADS capability within CLASS & thru
-    Scientific Data Stewardship (SDS).   Also GTF effort.

*Next Steps (cont.)*

## So What?  
		  	“But I just want the Data”
  The idea of pulling information, not bytes or data, is new and hard to convey
NOMADS is a pull technology.  Users can become data servers.    
Why transport millions of files if only a subset is needed? 
Will networks ever keep up with growing data sets? 
Data Management at the grass roots level with science driven requirements.
Many efforts in distributed access.  How best to coordinate efforts? 
Vision, planning, and cooperation needed w/ Agency attribution!
A dynamic system, not over engineered and built upon existing users needs but extensible for future requirements.  

**	****	****  ****	*****“******But I just want the ***_***Data***_***”***
***  *****The idea of pulling information, not bytes or data, is new and hard to convey**
**NOMADS is a pull technology.  Users can become data servers.    **
**Why transport millions of files if only a subset is needed? **
**Will networks ever keep up with growing data sets? **
**Data Management at the grass roots level with science driven requirements.**
**Many efforts in distributed access.  How best to coordinate efforts? **
**Vision, planning, and cooperation needed w/ Agency attribution!**
**A dynamic system, not over engineered and built upon existing users needs but extensible for future requirements.  **

*Closing Thoughts*

## Closing Thoughts (cont.)

*Closing Thoughts (cont.)*

- NOMADS has become an internationally known project.  It is a grass roots effort with no significant base funding.  Acknowledgment for the foresight and support therefore is provided to all Center Managers keeping this effort alive particularly Tom Karl (NCDC), Louis Uccellini (NCEP), and Ants Leetma (GFDL).
- However this high degree of success is mostly attributed to the people that have contributed both software and experience toward distributed
- data access.  Special recognition to:
- 		Brian Doty and Jennifer Adams	COLA
- 		Steve Hankin and Jon Callahan	PMEL
- 		Dean Williams and Mike Fiorino	LLNL
- 		Jordan Alpert and Jun Wang	NCEP
- 		Ron Stouffer and Chris Kerr	GFDL

## http://lead.ou.edu/gtf.htm

## The Grid: An IT Infrastructure for NOAA in the 21st Century Mark Govett, Mike Doney, Paul Hyder

- To meet challenges facing NOAA in the next decade and beyond
- 100 Fold Increase in Data Volume in 10 years
- GOES-R, NPOESS, IEOS, Radar, GPS
- More Complex Modeling Systems
- higher resolutions, ensembles, data assimilation, more data
- Proposes an Integrated IT Infrastructure based on Grids
- Build on existing NOAA Programs (e.g. CLASS, NOMADS)
- Develop Compute, Data and Service Grids
- Enable Dynamic Data Discovery, Access, Integration
- Utilize / Develop Web Services, Grid Portals

## Some OPeNDAP Portals

- Some OPeNDAP *Portals*

- CDC:		_[http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/nph-nc/Datasets/](http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/nph-nc/Datasets/)_
- COLA: 	_[http://cola8.iges.org:9090/dods](http://cola8.iges.org:9090/dods)_
- FSL:		_[http://nomads.fsl.noaa.gov/](http://nomads.fsl.noaa.gov/)_
- GFDL:		_[http://nomads.gfdl.noaa.gov/](http://nomads.gfdl.noaa.gov/)_
- NCDC: 	_[http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/](http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/)_
- NCEP:		_[http://nomad1.ncep.noaa.gov/](http://nomad1.ncep.noaa.gov/)_
- Unidata:	_[http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/cgi-bin/dods/datasets/](http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/cgi-bin/dods/datasets/)_

## For more Program Information see:
		http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/nomads/nomads.html

To get data:
	NOAA NCDC Main Page  Climate    Model Resources
				http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov

Or contact:
				Glenn.Rutledge@noaa.gov

**	****	****http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/nomads/nomads.html**
**To get data:**
**	****NOAA NCDC Main Page ******** Climate  ********  *****Model Resources***
**	****	****	****	**_**[http://](http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/)**__**[nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov](http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/)**_
**Or contact:**
**	****	****	****	**_**[Glenn.Rutledge@noaa.gov](mailto:Glenn.Rutledge@noaa.gov)**_

*For more information...*