# Presentation: 666900

## ITS: Now and the Future

- Shelley Row
- Director, ITS Joint Program Office
- Research and Innovative Technology Administration
- U.S. Department of Transportation
- January 14, 2008
- Transportation Research Board 87th Annual Meeting

**Notes:**
Every session attendee should have a packet.  Packets contain:

A one-pager on each of the 9 ITS Initiatives

## What to Expect in 2008

- Current Program:  A year of research results
- Future Program: A strategic vision and action plan

## Current Program: A Year of Research Results

***Clarus***
- 8 states and 3 Canadian provinces have integrated their road weather data into a nationally available system
- 3 multi-state teams have drafted Concepts of Operation that define *Clarus*-based applications
- Regional demonstrations to build these applications are starting in ‘08
- Innovations:
- Most advanced quality checking of road weather (pavement-specific) observations ever
- Demonstrating international data exchange and shared development of road weather information systems

## Current Program: A Year of Research Results

- Electronic Freight Management
- Developed and evaluated an open architecture information exchange to improve cargo visibility and the efficiency of a truck-air-truck supply chain.
- Six month operational test with an active supply chain was conducted May - Dec. ‘07
- Early results:
- Reduced freight forwarder time to prepare transportation status by 4 hours per day each (>75%)
- Improved data accuracy at container freight station by at least 12%
- Eliminated manual data entry and re-keying errors
- Validated information exchange protocols / standards
- Ready to advance industry adoption

**Notes:**
EFM was conceived in partnership with industry.  It was through a collaborative effort with industry that we identified the transfer of information that is part of any goods movement as an area that showed promise to improving supply chain efficiency.  When we evaluated the ‘as is’ case of the supply chain in which we conducted the operational test we found that 40% of the transit time was spent with the goods idle awaiting information transfer before proceeding – this was our target of opportunity. 

We conducted a six month operational test on a ‘live’ supply chain from a manufacturing facility in inland China to a distribution facility in Middle America.  The supply chain belonged to Limited Brands.  

The early results, that are being independently evaluated, are encouraging.  
	The system automatically produces a shipment status report that currently requires 4 to 6 hours per day for freight forwarders to prepare. This is a principal way that the Limited Brands monitors the performance of their supply chain, and involves a measurable savings to the forwarders.  
	All supply chain partners enjoyed better visibility into the location of the goods at any point along the supply chain; for the partner who integrated the data into their system, this meant improved accuracy of at least 12% just in the use of shipment information on the floor of the warehouse; this has eliminated work stoppages to investigate past data errors or gaps for CEFM shipments.  A key feature of the system was that after the booking by the manufacturer in China, all data acquisition was automatic from existing supply chain systems.  This completely eliminated the possibility of manual data entry or re-keying errors, something that is all too prevalent in industry.  In addition, this visibility of the manufacturer’s booking gives the partners at destination as much as 24-48 hours advance notice of a shipment compared with current operations.  We will have more detailed results by this summer.
	The system clearly demonstrated that the web services architecture and the messaging protocols that were designed for the operational test work very well, and the partner that integrated found it cost 10% of what a typical EDI implementation would cost.  There are already opportunities we’ve identified for how to improve even more, but the basic concept is sound and workable in a real world setting.

A successful operational test is always good to have, but we are ready to advance to the real objective which is begin broader adoption and deployment of this information transfer capability into a greater percentage of truck-air-truck supply chains and to begin to make a difference in the efficiency of freight movement on a daily basis.   

## Current Program: A Year of Research Results

**Integrated Corridor Management**
- Pioneer sites completed concepts of operation
- Finishing requirements documents
- Up to three sites selected for analysis, modeling and simulation of ICM in Summer ‘08
- Modeling Innovations:
- Combine macro-, meso- and micro-scopic modeling to conduct** full multimodal corridor modeling **addressing interacting effects of
**Transit service **enhancements
- Responses to **traveler information**
**Tolling, HOT lanes, and congestion pricing**
- Varying **corridor conditions**: weather, incident patterns, demand

## Current Program: A Year of Research Results

**Integrated Vehicle-Based Safety Systems **
- Prototype testing for Phase I is nearing completion
- Expect to initiate Phase II including field testing for light and heavy vehicle platforms Spring ’08
- Fall ’08: Initiate light & heavy vehicle full-scale Field Operational Tests (FOT)
- Test Innovations:
- Multiple warning systems integrated into a vehicle
- Arbitration between warning systems
- FOTs to assess real-world system effectiveness

## Current Program: A Year of Research Results

**Maintenance Decision Support System**
- Version 5.0: incorporates radar and satellite images, updates the road temperature model, and generates alerts to predicted problems
- Moved from a research project to a market ready technology
- Innovations:
- First program to convert weather forecasts into a transportation decision tool
- Integrated AVL data into MDSS for tactical tool and strategic use

## Current Program: A Year of Research Results

**Mobility Services for All Americans**
- Phase I sites design development in Summer ‘08
- Two sites selected for field testing to begin in ‘08
- Test Innovations:
- Electronically connected human services transportation network
- Optimizing human services transportation providers for efficient service
- Single point of contact for the customer
- Multi-modal trip planner: First door-to-door multi-modal regional trip planner

**Notes:**
Only one in USA that provides a wholistic, integrated, multi-modal approach for a D2D trip planning.  It is regional not just local routes.  It provides information on using solutions as follows:
Transit rail only w/ real time to destination
All rails (CTA and Metra) and bus (CTA and PACE).  
Mix of driving to park and ride and using public transit from that point
Drive only using alternative routes such as highway, toll roads and arterials w/ real time to destination
Parking availability and cost
Environmental impact (carbon contribution) for driving portion
To all, adds walking distance to the transportation solution or destination

Deployment planned for late spring/early summer.  Mainly in Chicago region; will receive data from Gary, IN and Milwaukee, WI corridor for trip timing.

## Current Program: A Year of Research Results

**Next Generation 911**
- Concept of Operations, Requirements and Architecture documents completed in ’07
- Proof of Concept:  combination Lab / Live PSAP testing of selected components of the NG911 architecture (Spring 2008)
- Test Innovations:
- Ability to place 911 “calls” to PSAPs via text message
- Ability to transmit telematics data directly to PSAPs
- Ability to interconnect individual PSAP networks

**Notes:**
I believe the team is "signing the dotted line" with the top 4 PSAPs from the list of 50+.  FYI, they are:  Helena, MT, Rochester, NY, Seattle, WA and St. Paul, MN.   Once everyone is on board, we can go public with this info.
LF

## Current Program: A Year of Research Results

**Vehicle Infrastructure Integration**
- Safe Trip 21: demo in November ‘08
- Proof of concept test underway in MI and CA
**Innovations:**
- Most extensive DSRC/WAVE protocol test bed to date (56 RSEs)
- Prioritization of radio channel access for safety (while also supporting other applications)
- Multi-channel DSRC radios use entire 75 MHz DSRC bandwidth to assure capacity; Supports many vehicles and many services
- System supports wide diversity of applications with single radio
- Local safety systems, network services, V2V, Probe Data, Advisories, etc
- Groundbreaking method to maintain privacy & anonymity while ensuring legitimacy of messages & data
- Common vehicle data interface across vehicle OEMs
- Applications development starting with stakeholder discussions
- New public web site:  http://www.vehicle-infrastructure.org/

## Current Program: A Year of Research Results

**ITS Standards Program**
- SAFETEA-LU Section 5307, Part 4 directed ITS Standards Expert Panel
- TRB Published June 18, 2007 Report Recommendation:
- “Articulate a strategic vision of the role of standards in furthering the development and use of ITS and define USDOT’s role in realizing this vision.”
- JPO developing Standards Program Strategic Plan
- Process defined by March ’08, plan complete Fall ’08
- Will engage relevant stakeholders in process

**Notes:**
Questions to be addressed by standards strategic plan
Criteria for Federal support for standards development?
Additional standards needed to meet ITS needs?
Optimum roles of USDOT, SDOs, contractors and end users in standards development, deployment and maintenance support?
Alternative standards development processes worthy of pursuit?

## Current Program: A Year of Research Results

**Professional Capacity Building **
- New look at workforce development, education and training
- Engage associations and universities in discussion to leverage and coordinate all resources

## Future Program: A Strategic Vision & Action Plan

**ITS Advisory Committee**

**Program Plan**

**Major Initiatives Ending**

**Reauthorization**

**Common,**
**Clear, **
**Concise**
** ****Vision**

***Future Program: ****A Strategic Vision & Action Plan*

**Notes:**
Approach:
Listen and gather information
ITS Advisory Committee
JPO & DOT modal staff
Others
Trends & current state of ITS
Wishing for our future
Distill input into high leverage ideas

## 
Transportation 
Problems
Congestion
Safety
Productivity
System Performance

**Transportation **
**Problems**
- Congestion
- Safety
- Productivity
**System Performance**

***Future Program: ****A Strategic Vision & Action Plan*

## Information Technology 
Explosion
Expectations for information
Ubiquitous Connectivity
Hand-held devices
Person-to-person 
	Networking

A Wireless World

**Explosion**
- Expectations for information
- Ubiquitous Connectivity
- Hand-held devices
- Person-to-person
- 	Networking
**A Wireless World**

***Future Program: ****A Strategic Vision & Action Plan*

**Notes:**
Portable GPS is the fastest growing Consumer Electronics category. 
 9 million units in 2007 (16 million forecast for 2008)

## Future Program: A Strategic Vision & Action Plan

**Federal Research &**
**Technology Transfer**

**System Performance**

***Future Program: ****A Strategic Vision & Action Plan*

## Connected vehicle
Vehicle to vehicle
Vehicle to infrastructure
Communicate appropriately with driver
Real time information
All roads
All modes
All the time

- Vehicle to vehicle
- Vehicle to infrastructure
- Communicate appropriately with driver
- Real time information
- All roads
- All modes
- All the time

***Future Program: ****A Strategic Vision & Action Plan*

## Observations: Public Sector
General acceptance of technology in transportation
ITS use has grown: TIM, signals, freeway mgt, transit mgt, toll collection, CVISN
ITS investment is slow; 
Constrained resources
Growth in public/private partnerships
Growth in tolling & pricing
Data limitations (extent and quality) limit value 
Looking for new models for data acquisition

- General acceptance of technology in transportation
- ITS use has grown: TIM, signals, freeway mgt, transit mgt, toll collection, CVISN
- ITS investment is slow;
- Constrained resources
- Growth in public/private partnerships
- Growth in tolling & pricing
- Data limitations (extent and quality) limit value
- Looking for new models for data acquisition

***Future Program: ****A Strategic Vision & Action Plan*

**Notes:**
21 state actively pursuing tolling porjects
71 hwy projects worth $104B currently proposed for private financing, construction & ops
Revenue from tolls and PP ventures may acount for 50% or more of new expressway built in the US over the next 10 years - AASHTO

## 70-77% freeway/arterial agencies collect volume
61% of freeway & arterial agencies collect speed
39% signalized intersections covered by electronic surveillance
39% freeway agencies disseminate weather info
38% freeway miles in metro areas with R-T traffic data collection by the public sector
35% freeway agencies disseminate travel times
14% states disseminate transit data 
13% arterial agencies deploy parking data collection systems
8% freeway agencies disseminate parking information

- 61% of freeway & arterial agencies collect **speed**
- 39% signalized **intersections** covered by electronic surveillance
- 39% freeway agencies disseminate **weather** info
- 38% freeway miles in metro areas with **R-T traffic data** collection by the public sector
- 35% freeway agencies disseminate **travel times**
- 14% states disseminate **transit **data
- 13% arterial agencies deploy **parking** data collection systems
- 8% freeway agencies disseminate **parking** information

**Current Statistics***** – ****2006 Deployment Statistics Database **(108 metro areas surveyed)*

## 511 Deployment Status

***511 Deployment Status***

- as of October 15, 2007

- D.C.

***Accessible by 46% of Population***

***Accessible by 65% of Population in 2008***

**Notes:**
Northern Kentucky/Cincinnati
Nebraska
Utah
I-81 Virginia
Arizona
Minnesota
South Florida (Miami)
Orlando / I-4
South Dakota
Iowa
Kentucky
San Francisco Bay area, California
Montana
North Dakota
Alaska
Maine
New Hampshire
Washington [State]
Vermont
Oregon
Kansas
North Carolina
Sacramento, CA
Tampa, FL

## 98% include work zone locations
80% provide camera images
78% provide incident information
68% link to private data sources
58% provide weather conditions
46% provide traffic flow information
28% provide traffic speed
22% provide travel time or delay
14% provide transit information

- 80% provide **camera** images
- 78% provide **incident** information
- 68% link to **private data sources**
- 58% provide **weather** conditions
- 46% provide **traffic flow** information
- 28% provide traffic **speed**
- 22% provide **travel time** or **delay**
- 14% provide **transit** information

**Current Statistics***** – ****National Traffic & Road Closure Information Web Site **(public agencies)*

## Travel Times on DMS Status

**Total**, as of November 14, 2007

- D.C.

**Notes:**
Posting Travel Time Messages on DMS
Atlanta, GA
Baton Rouge, LA
Chicago, IL
Cincinnati, OH
Columbus, OH
Dallas, TX
Denver, CO
Detroit, MI
Fort Worth, TX
Hampton Roads, VA
Houston, TX
Jacksonville, FL
Kansas City, MO
Knoxville, TN
Los Angeles, CA
Louisville, KY
Milwaukee, WI
Minneapolis, MN
Nashville, TN
Newark, NJ
NW Indiana, IN
NYC bridge approach, NY, NYC Staten Island Expressway
Long Island (INFORM),NY
Orlando, FL
Portland , OR
Raleigh, NC
San Antonio, TX
San Bernardino, CA
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA
San Jose, CA
Salt Lake City, UT
Seattle, WA
St. Louis, MO
Tampa, FL
Wilmington, DE

Plan to provide travel times
Albuquerque, NM 
Austin, TX 
Baltimore, MD
Birmingham, AL
Boise, ID
Charlotte, NC
Des Moines, IA
Las Vegas, NV
Miami, FL
Memphis, TN
New Orleans, LA
Northern Virginia (DC metro), VA
Oklahoma City, OK
Philadelphia, PA
Pittsburgh, PA
Phoenix, AZ
Providence, RI
Sacramento, CA
Tallahassee, FL

## Observations: Technology Private Sector
Fast technology evolution
Growing use of navigation systems (on 69% of all models)
Growing desire to deliver real-time traffic information
Some are marketing real-time information 
Data quality and coverage is limited
Many technologies are vying to be the data solution
No clear winner...yet
OEMs are looking to technology for vehicular safety
Autonomous safety systems are growing

- Fast technology evolution
- Growing use of navigation systems (on 69% of all models)
- Growing desire to deliver real-time traffic information
- Some are marketing real-time information
- Data quality and coverage is limited
- Many technologies are vying to be the data solution
- No clear winner...yet
- OEMs are looking to technology for vehicular safety
- Autonomous safety systems are growing

***Future Program: ****A Strategic Vision & Action Plan*

**Notes:**
Factory-fit GPS Navigation becoming mainstream, and prices are falling.
 No longer just on premium vehicles (now available on 69% of all models).
 1.8 million sold in 2007 (cumulative 7 million vehicles with GPS navigation on road)
 GPS option price as low as $1,000 expected (Navteq)
 37% of customers would change next vehicle purchase if Navigation not available (JDPA)

 Portable GPS is the fastest growing Consumer Electronics category. 
 9 million units in 2007 (16 million forecast for 2008)
 Average 2007 price-point = $300 (was $980 in 2004)
 Real Time Traffic now an expected part of GPS Navigation Systems.
 75% of PND owners would select Navigation in next vehicle purchase (Navteq).

 Every car manufacturer is now adopting real-time-traffic.
 77% of customers “Definitely” or “Probably” want Traffic in next vehicle purchase (Navteq).
 Traffic increases Navigation Satisfaction by 8% and Perceived Value by 12% (JDPA)

## “NavTraffic” coverage growth since launch

**2004 Launch: 20 Markets**
- Flow data in 15 Markets (4,800 road miles with flow)
**Today: 79 Markets**
- Flow in 24 Markets (8,500 road miles with flow)

|  | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Markets with Incident data | 22 | 44 | 80 | 100 |
| Markets with Flow data | 17 | 20 | 24 | 33 |
| Road miles with DOT flow data | 5,000 | 5,500 | 6,100 | 7,200 |
| Road miles with ITIP flow data | 1,900 | 2,200 | 2,400 | 4,400 |
| Total road miles with flow data | 6,900 | 7,700 | 8,500 | 11,600 |

- Source: Vehicle Traffic Information Coalition

**Notes:**
The 8500 is 6,100 miles of DOT data and 2,400 of ITIP (Traffic.com) data.

- Source: Vehicle Traffic Information Coalition

## Automotive Adoption of Real-Time Traffic

| OEM | Traffic Intro | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Honda/Acura | MY 2005 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | - | - |
| GM/Cadillac | MY 2005 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Toyota/Lexus | MY 2007 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 | - | - |
| Nissan/Infiniti | MY 2007 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 8 | - | - |
| Ferrari | MY 2008 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - | - |
| Total |  | 2 | 2 | 9 | 19 | 40+ | 50+ |

**OEM NavTraffic****Annual Production**

- Number of OEM Models with available factory-installed XM NavTraffic

- Source: Vehicle Traffic Information Coalition

## Observations of the ITS Program
Specific ITS applications are moving forward through leadership in the modal administrations (FHWA, FTA, FMCSA, NHTSA)
Signal systems
Freeway & traffic incident management
Transit management
CVISN
ITS program should focus on a few high-leverage issues 
Potential for significant pay off at a national scale
Issues that transcend a single mode

- Specific ITS applications are moving forward through leadership in the modal administrations (FHWA, FTA, FMCSA, NHTSA)
- Signal systems
- Freeway & traffic incident management
- Transit management
- CVISN
- ITS program should focus on a few high-leverage issues
- Potential for significant pay off at a national scale
- Issues that transcend a single mode

***Future Program: ****A Strategic Vision & Action Plan*

## Vision – What would we wish for?

**End-to-end transportation trip information**
- Everything I need to know for my trip (time, cost, weather, environmental impacts)
- Supports transportation options for personal lifestyle choices
- Available whenever and however I want
**Transportation network is managed for optimal performance **(including the use of pricing)
**Technology-enabled performance measures support outcome-based investment decisions**
- Infrastructure
- Maintenance
- Operational performance
**End-to-end freight movement is seamless and secure**

## Future Program: A Strategic Vision & Action Plan

- Real Time Travel Data
-  All Roads
-  All Modes
-  All the Times

***Vision – What would we wish for?***

**Future Program: **A Strategic Vision & Action Plan

**End-to-end transportation trip information**
- Everything I need to know for my trip (time, cost, weather, environmental impacts)
- Supports transportation options for personal lifestyle choices
- Available whenever and however I want
**Transportation network is managed for optimal performance **(including use of pricing)
**Technology-enabled performance measures support outcome-based investment decisions**
- Infrastructure
- Maintenance
- Operational performance
**End-to-end freight movement is seamless and secure**

## conventional

- 15

- 16

- 17

- 18

- 19

- 20

**conventional**
**navigation**

**Fastest route**

**Comparison of average trip speed**

**Average trip speed was 18.5% faster**
** ****than conventional navigation. **

**Average trip speed**
**[km/h]**

**3.0km/h**
**18.5%**

**during Feb ‘07**

- Nissan Motor Co.

**Notes:**
Right hand side bar graph shows average trip speed of Fastest route.
Left hand side shows conventional one.
The difference is 3km/h, about 18%, faster than conventional.
The data has been gathered during last February through our telematics services.

## conventional

- 0.8

- 0.9

- 1.0

- 1.1

- 1.2

- 1.3

**conventional**
**navigation**

**Fastest route**

**during** **Feb** **‘07**

**Comparison of ****Fuel Consumption**

**Average ****Fuel Consumption ****was **
**10.5% less than conventional navigation. **

**Average Fuel**
**Consumption**
**[Liters]**

**10.5%**

- Nissan Motor Co.

**Notes:**
Final effect slide shows fastest route consumes 10.5% less fuel than conventional. CO2 : 11.8%

## Vehicles can “see” what’s happening around them and communicate appropriately with drivers
Vehicles are wrapped in information
Everyone has technology-enabled safety in their vehicles
Information is communicated to drivers appropriately
Technology in transportation reduces negative impact on the environment (air quality & fuel consumption)
Improved system performance
Improved driver decision-making

- Vehicles are wrapped in information
- Everyone has technology-enabled safety in their vehicles
- Information is communicated to drivers appropriately
**Technology in transportation reduces negative impact on the environment (air quality & fuel consumption)**
- Improved system performance
- Improved driver decision-making

***Vision – What would we wish for?***

## Connected vehicle
Vehicle to vehicle
Vehicle to infrastructure
Communicate appropriately with driver
Real time information
All roads
All modes
All the time

- Vehicle to vehicle
- Vehicle to infrastructure
- Communicate appropriately with driver
- Real time information
- All roads
- All modes
- All the time

***Future Program: ****A Strategic Vision & Action Plan*

## Reconceive public and private roles and responsibilities 
Understand the benefits
Safety
Mobility
Productivity
Environmental
Look to the next generation technology solutions
Leverage worldwide research

- Understand the benefits
- Safety
- Mobility
- Productivity
- Environmental
- Look to the next generation technology solutions
- Leverage worldwide research

- Future Program: **A Strategic Vision & Action Plan**

## Mission & Goal Areas

- JPO’s mission is to lead the creation of information and communications technology solutions to achieve the best performing surface transportation system in the world.
- Goal Areas
- Safety
- Mobility
- Environment
- 21st Century Institutions and Partnerships

## Goal: Safety

**Connected Vehicle** – Create capability for all vehicles to have 360 degree awareness of hazards, and communicate appropriately with drivers

***Theme: Prevent fatalities and injuries on the surface transportation network***

## Goal: Mobility 

***Theme: Improve network performance for movement of people and goods***

**Realize complete transportation system visibility**
- Real Time data on all roads, all modes, all the time
- Enable performance measurement across the transportation system
- Catalyze the development of applications to optimize network performance
- Enable delivery of end-to-end transportation information for trip planning (personal & business)

## Goal: Environment/EnergyTheme:  Minimize impact of surface transportation on the environment by reducing the carbon footprint and increasing fuel efficiency

- Conduct research to understand relationship between technology-enabled congestion reduction and environmental impacts (carbon footprint & fuel efficiency)
- Conduct research to understand the relationship of the combined impacts of safety, mobility, and environment on the transportation system

## Goal: 21st Century Institutions and PartnershipsTheme: Foster new institutional relationships to enable better use of technologies in transportation

- Research new public-private partnerships to improve the use of ITS technologies in transportation
- Examine innovative financing models to foster use of ITS technologies in transportation
- Identify and research solutions to address institutional barriers in the use of ITS technologies in transportation

## Next Steps

Comments on mission and goal areas
Refine and narrow goal areas
Clarify Federal role
Develop metrics for each goal
Develop an action plan
Publish the updated Program Plan
Update on current program status
New section on the Strategic Vision and Action Plan

- Comments on mission and goal areas
- Refine and narrow goal areas
- Clarify Federal role
- Develop metrics for each goal
- Develop an action plan
- Publish the updated Program Plan
- Update on current program status
- New section on the Strategic Vision and Action Plan

***Future Program: ****A Strategic Vision & Action Plan*

## What to Expect in 2008

**Current Program**:  A year of research results
**Future Program**: A strategic vision and action plan
- Connected vehicle
- Vehicle to vehicle
- Vehicle to infrastructure
- Communicate appropriately with driver
- Real time information
- All roads
- All modes
- All the time
- Your thoughts and comments are welcomed