# Presentation: 858243

## Proton Plan 

- Eric Prebys, FNAL Accelerator Division

## Charge

- Develop a plan for a set of upgrades and operational improvements to maximize proton delivery to:
- NuMI beamline (120 GeV from MI)
- Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) (8 GeV from Booster)
- Goal: complete the upgrades over the next 3 years, and operate through 2015 or beyond
- Note:  this plan precedes the Proton Driver replacement of the existing Proton Source (Linac+Booster)
- Develop the budget and timeline for these improvements
- Estimate projected proton delivery (PoT) to both beam lines

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Management Organization

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Context: Staged Approach to Neutrino Program

- Stage 0 (now):
- Goal: deliver 2.5E13 protons per 2 second MI cycle to NuMI (~2E20 p/yr
- Deliver 1-2E20 protons per year to Booster Neutrino Beam (currently MiniBooNE)
- Stage 1 (~2008):
- A combination of Main Injector RF improvements and operational loading initiatives will increase the NuMI intensity to 4-5E13 protons per 2.2 second cycle (~3E20 p/yr)
- This will increase by ~20% as protons currently used for pbar production become available
- It is hoped we can continue to operate BNB at the 2E20 p/yr level during this period.
- Stage 2 (post-collider):
- Consider (for example) using the Recycler as a preloader to the Main Injector and reducing the Main Injector cycle time
- The exact scope and potential of these improvements are under study
- Stage 3 (proton driver)
- Main Injector must accommodate 1.5E14 protons every 1.5 seconds
- NuMI beamline and target must also be compatible with these intensities.

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Limits to Proton Intensity

- Total proton rate from Proton Source (Linac+Booster):
- Booster batch size
- Typical ~5E12 protons/batch
- Booster repetition rate
- 15 Hz instantaneous
- Currently 7.5Hz average (limited by injection bump and RF cooling)
- Beam loss
- Damage and/or activation of Booster components
- Above ground radiation
- Total protons accelerated in Main Injector:
- Maximum main injector load
- Six “slots” for booster batches (3E13)
- Up to ~11 with slip stacking (5.5E13)
- RF stability limitations (currently ~4E13)
- Cycle time:
- 1.4s + loading time (1/15s per booster batch)

- Operational Limit

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Plan Strategy

**See document: **BEAMS-DOC-1441 (11/09/04) at http://beamsdocs.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/public/DocDB/DocumentDatabase
**Increase the proton delivery from the Booster (to both NuMI and BNB)**
- Increase acceptance by improving orbit control and beam quality
- Increase maximum average Booster repetition rate
**Increase the beam intensity in the Main Injector for NuMI**
- Main Injector multi-batch operation
- Slip stacking in Main Injector (requires RF upgrade)
**Improve operational reliability**
- Alleviate 7835 Problem
- Linac quad supplies
- Booster and Linac Instrumentation
- Booster RF Upgrade

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Cost Tables from Beams-Doc-1441 (a)

- TABLE 2: M&S and SWF in $K at Level 3

- 46% contingency in M&S+SWF
- Dominated by M&S (esp RF parts)

- WBS is aligned to AD Organization by Accelerator

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Cost Tables from Beams-Doc-1441 (b)

- TABLE 3: Total cost (M&S and SWF) by fiscal year.

- currently redefining scope to fit new budget guidance

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Current Budget Guidance

- After the cancellation of BTeV, we have the following budget guidance (M&S+SWF):
- Most Likely Scenario
- Main Injector RF project and Booster Corrector System get delayed by one year, relative to the original plan
- Booster RF Solid State PA upgrade deferred indefinitely

|   | FY05 | FY06 | FY07 | FY08 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Present Guidance | 7327 | 7845 | 6915 | 6116 | 28203 |

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Present Plan(draft - not fully rescoped)

- New: study group formed

**Present Plan****(**_**draft**_** - not fully rescoped)**

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Resource-Loaded ScheduleCost and Schedule Reporting

- Building resource loaded schedule:
- For several L3 projects the work is already ongoing (TD is building Orbump, large aperture quads...)
- Budget codes established and capturing costs
- Scope under development for some L3 projects (eg. MI RF upgrade: prototype phase, then review and production phase)
- Developing strategy, milestones, and decision points
- Will include estimates with large contingency as place-holders where necessary
- Will use the same cost and schedule reporting tools as the Run II Upgrades
- Reporting via monthly PMG
- Change control similar to Run II Upgrades

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Status of Major Work

- Linac (1)
- (1.1) 7835 Task force
- Working with vendor (Burle)
- Placed order for 12 extra spare tubes (two year supply) over the next two years
- Studying lifetime issues (filament current, etc)
- Formulating replacement plan
- (1.3) Low Energy Linac (LEL) quad power supplies
- Working on prototype, based on HEL supplies
- Booster (2)
- (2.2) ORBUMP System
- Magnets - First magnet built and tested, proceeding with the rest
- Power Supply - Procuring and assembling
- (2.3) Corrector System
- Conceptual design complete for the corrector magnets, working on detailed design
- Working on power supply specs
- (2.4) 30 Hz Harmonic in Booster cycle
- Work Proceeding on Prototype

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Status of Major Work (cont’d)

- (3) Main Injector
- (note that the BLM/BPM upgrades are under the Run II)
- (3.1) Large Aperture Quads
- In fabrication.  Will be ready for 05 shutdown
- (3.2) Loss mitigation/collimator system
- Working group formed
- Identifying collimator candidates for MI-8
- Starting ring collimator system design based on Booster system
- (3.3) Multi-batch operation
- Demonstrated mixed mode (2+5) operation w/ 5 batches of 2E12 to NuMI (goal For FY05 is 5 batches of 5E12)
- Developing schemes for _slip-stacking_ and barrier stacking
- (3.4) Main Injector RF Upgrade

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Main Injector Loading

- Initial NuMI operation (“2+5”):
- Two batches are slip stacked for antiproton production
- Five more batches loaded for NuMI
- All are accelerated together
- Ultimate NuMI operation (“2+9”):
- Five batches will be loaded into the Main Injector, leaving one empty slot
- Six more batches will be loaded and slipped with the first to make two for antiproton production and 9 for NuMI
- This will exceed the capacity of the current RF system

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Main Injector RF 

- The present MI RF system:
- Number of cavities: 18
- Total Power Available: 175 kW/cavity (single PA)
- Total Power dissipated: 58.6 kW/cavity
- Power available for acceleration: 116.4 kW/cavity
- Maximum acceleration rate: 200 GeV/s
- In the absence of beam loading compensation, an RF system is stable until the energy expended in accelerating the beam is *equal* to the energy dissipated in the cavity.
- Feed forward loops can increase this stability threshold
- For the present system
- Maximum guaranteed stable intensity: 3.3E13 protons
- With feed-forward 4E13 is likely
- Power limited intensity: 6.5E13 protons

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Options

- By adding an additional 28.9 kW passive load to each cavity, we could ensure 87.5 kW of power for stable acceleration
- Limit ~ 4.9E13 protons/load
- Cost scale ~$2M
- Each cavity has an additional port for a second PA, allowing an additional 350 kW of total power
- Limit ~ 9.8E13 protons/load in the most conservative case (175 kW power dissipation)
- Possibly higher with feedback loops
- Cost scale ~$12M

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Main Injector RF in FY05 (3.4)

- Build prototype cavity from existing spare
- Passive load
- Existing port or cut new one?
- Second PA
- Requires new modulator, other parts exist
- Carry out a series of studies in the Main Injector
- Determine effectiveness of feed-forward loops
- Determine optimal passive load and predict intensity limit for one- and two PA scenarios
- Refine cost estimate for passive load and PA upgrades
- Use this information to develop and review long range plan (beginning 2006)

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Proton Projections

- Phases of Operation
- Phase I (now)
- Booster lattice distortions ameliorated
- Booster limited to 7.5Hz total repetition rate
- Main Injector limited to 4E13 protons (2+5 operation)
- Phase II (after 2005 shutdown)
- Injection bump (ORBUMP) replaced
- Drift tube cooling in Booster RF cooling finished
- Booster capable of 8-9Hz operation
- MI still limited to 2+5 operation
- Phase III (after 2007 shutdown)
- MI RF upgrade complete
- 2+9 operation to NuMI

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Predicted Peak Proton Intensity Limits

**Predicted Peak Proton Intensity Limits**

- Demonstrated >8E16, typical ~7E16

- See document for details

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Main Injector Loading

- “2+5”

- “2+9”

- MI RF Upgrade

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Long Term Projections (~“delayed” scenario in document)                                   (for FY05 projections see McGinnis Talk)

- BNB fallback = poor performance of Booster aperture upgrades
- BNB only runs during shot setup

- This turn-on is slower than in document

- NuMI fallback = slip-stacking fails

- Note! Does NOT reflect NuMI’s recent troubles!

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## “Design” PoT from the document

|  | Booster
Batch Size | Main Injector Load | CycleTime | MI Intensity | Booster Rate* | Total Proton Rate | Annual Rate at  end of Phase |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | (AP + NuMI) | (sec) | (protons) | (Hz) | (p/hr) | NuMI | BNB |
| Actual Operation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| July, 04 | 5.0E+12 | 1+0 | 2.0 | 0.5E+13 | 5.1 | 0.8E+17 | 0 | 3.3E+20 |
| Proton Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Phase I | 5.10E+12 | 2+12+5 | 2.0 | 3.6E+13 | 6.3 | 1.0E+17 | 2.0E+20 | 1.5E+20 |
| Phase II | 5.3E+12 | 2+5 | 2.0 | 3.7E+13 | 7.5 | 1.2E+17 | 2.2E+20 | 2.8E+20 |
| Phase III | 5.50E+12  | 2+9 | 2.2 | 6.0E+13 | 8.3 | 1.5E+17 | 3.4E+20 | 2.2E+20 |
| Beyond Scope of Present Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 11 Hz | 5.50E+12 | 2+9 | 2.2 | 6.1E+13 | 11.0 | 2.0E+17 | 3.4E+20 | 5.0E+20 |

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005

## Summary

- The Proton Plan encompasses accelerator improvements to maximize protons to NuMI and the 8 GeV line over the next 10 years
- The implementation of the Plan will provide
- ~7E16 p/hr to NuMI (~3E20 p/yr)
- Up to ~4E16 p/hr (1-2E20 p/yr) for the 8 GeV line
- We are studying concepts for further improvements in the post collider era (for example using the Recycler as a preloader)
- A Resource-loaded schedule and cost and schedule tracking system are in development

- Fermilab PAC Review

- April 7, 2005