# Presentation: 410954

## International Consultations

**CGSIC**
**September 2001**
**Nate Johnson**

**GPS - A Global Utility**

## Why Outreach?

**Presidential Decision Directive**
**Open Communication Lines With Users**
**Accuracy of U.S. Policy and Plans for the Future**

## Bogeymen in the Closet!!!!

**You might charge**
**The military control it**
**You might turn it off**

## Bogeyman One - Charging

**Early decision to offer as public utility (incentive for growth) rather than establish charging and associated bureaucracy (disincentive)**
**No mechanism on satellites to charge**
**Policy since 1983 - affirmed by multiple administrations and Congress**
**Reagan offer and Congressional guidance after KAL 007 **
**Letters to ICAO and IMO**
**Presidential Decision Directive**
**1998 offer to EC to incorporate into a Framework Agreement based on GPS**
**U.S. public law, December 1998**
**Federal Radionavigation Plan**

## Bogeyman two - Military Control

**GPS operated by the Air Force**
**Dual use system**
**Civil representatives**
**Assured continuous support - can’t go on strike**
**Acquired by JPO**
**Dual use system**
**Civil representatives**
_**Managed by IGEB**_
**Civil leadership of  nine government departments**

## Interagency GPS Executive Board (IGEB)

## Bogeyman three - Turn Off

**Service the same around the globe**
**Not turned off or degraded by geographic region such as Europe or Asia**
**Local denial limited to conflict area**
**Consistent with NATO policy to deny GNSS signals in conflict area**
**Civil and defense interests considered**
**No intent to turn SA on again**
**Global community**
**Economic**
**Information infrastructure**
**Public safety**

## European Discussions

**U.S. presented Draft Cooperative Agreement on October 5, 2000**
**Recent consultations - May 23, 2001**
**Received European general comments in early May, 2001**
**Received European counter draft May 22, 2001**
**Many key U.S. provisions not present**
**U.S. agencies evaluating**
**U.S. continues to have many questions regarding Galileo**

## State Department grant to OOSA for GNSS Applications Workshops to:

**Promote sustainable development**
**Increase utilization of environmentally-related applications in developing countries**

**UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS **

**      **
**Monitoring the  environment      **
**Precision agriculture**
**Surveying and mapping**
**Resource conservation**
**Disaster management**

**Urban development**
**Support for GIS and other databases**
**Land/maritime transportation**
**Endangered species preservation**

_**Applications include**_

## Dates for Regional Workshops:

**Asia/Pacific****	****	****   ****	****      August 2001**
**Eastern Europe (Vienna)****	****      November 2001**
**Latin America (Chile)             April 2002**
**Africa/Middle East(Zambia)  July (TBR) 2002**

**UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS **

## UN GNSS Workshop in Kuala Lumpur

**Aug 20-24**
**Very Successful**
**200 participants from 25 countries**
**Good networking established**

**UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS **

## If you wish to participate

**Contact:**
**Sergio Camacho-Lara**
**UN Office of Outer Space Affairs**
**Tel:****	****43-1-26060-4957**
**Fax:****	****43-1-26060-5830**
**Email:****	****scamacho@unov.un.or.at**

**UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS **

## Summary

**GPS policy firmly established**
**Free Signals**
**Open Specifications**
**Need to continue international dialogue**
**Increase cooperation based on GPS**
**Avoid misunderstandings**
**GPS applications growing in numbers and variety around the world**
**An innovation in one country can benefit all**
**Cooperation of the global community is the key**

## Back Up

## U.S. - EU Cooperation Concept

**Recognizing differences in maturity of GPS and Galileo, U.S. proposed three phase approach**
**Phase 1 - Framework Agreement **
**Establishes basis for cooperation**
**Phase 2 - Working Groups**
**Phase 3 - Follow-on Agreement**

## U.S. Position on Galileo - It Depends

_**Many unanswered questions**_
**Revenue stream generation**
**Regulatory actions**
**Required use (mandate or standards)**
**Interoperability**
**Free open system with for fee encrypted system**
**Safety of life applications**
**Use by established GPS user community**
**Four levels of interoperability **
**Migration of EGNOS into Galileo**
**Continuity of open provision of GPS data, including integrity**

## Open specifications and standards 
Open market access
Guaranteed revenue stream
Security
Prevention of misuse
Galileo High Level Definition documents considers:
Jamming for OAS
“Selective Availability” option
Denial of SAS by geographic zones after notification 
Government Access Service for national security and humanitarian operations
Potential military use - implications for NATO 

**Open market access**
**Guaranteed revenue stream**
**Security**
**Prevention of misuse**
**Galileo High Level Definition documents considers:**
**Jamming for OAS**
**“****Selective Availability” option**
**Denial of SAS by geographic zones after notification **
**Government Access Service for national security and humanitarian operations**
**Potential military use - implications for NATO **

**Many unanswered questions ****(Continued)**

## Spectrum use
EC proposal to overlay L1 and L2
US position:
No overlay of M-code or P(Y) signals
Cannot degrade service to GPS users
L5 could be better candidate
Civil only signal
More robust - may accommodate overlay
European technical documents received Dec. 27
U.S. experts evaluating

**EC proposal to overlay L1 and L2**
**US position:**
**No overlay of M-code or P(Y) signals**
**Cannot degrade service to GPS users**
**L5 could be better candidate**
**Civil only signal**
**More robust - may accommodate overlay**
**European technical documents received Dec. 27**
**U.S. experts evaluating**

**Many unanswered questions ****(Continued)**

## Draft Agreement

**Reflects U.S. policy for provision of GPS and augmentations**
**Free signals provided as a public utility**
**No encryption for safety-of-life services**
**Open specifications and markets**
**No system unique mandates, either by regulation or standards**
**User oriented environment**
**Interoperable, seamless service **
**Recognizes work done in other fora: ITU, ICAO, IMO**