# Presentation: 536286

## Needs for Communications andOnboard Processing in the Vision Era

**Dr. Faiza Lansing**
**Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology**
**Flansing@jpl.nasa.gov**
**6/25/2002**

## The EOS AM Constellation 

**Landsat-7**

**EO-1**

**SAC-C**

**Terra**

**15 min**

**15 min**

**1 min**

## Future Science Requirements

| Year

Instrument | 2010 | 2020 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hyperspectral Imager | 10 Gbps | 100Gbps |
| SAR | 10 Gbps | 60 Gbps |
| Lidar | 150 Mbps | 1 Gbps |
| Downlink rate to Ground | > 1Gbps | >10 Gbps |

**To improve monitoring and management of Earth’s resources and environment, Scientists require high spatial and spectral resolution measurements, which translates to **_**HIGH DATA VOLUMES AND RATES**_

## Science Peak Data Rates Needs

| Types of Links | State-of-the-Practice | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| A | X-Band
150 Mbps | 10 Gbps | 25 Gbps | 100 Gbps |
| B | X-Band
150 Mbps | 10 Gbps | 25 Gbps | 100 Gbps |
| C | 2 Mbps | 150 Mbps - 
1 Gbps | TBD | TBD |
| D | 4 Mbps | 45 Mbps | 155 Mbps | TBD |
| E | 100 bps | Multiple Links A, B, C, D | Multiple Links A, B, C, D | Multiple Links A, B, C, D |

**Science Peak Data Rates Needs**

_**Types of links:**_
**Downlink (DL) from Leo to Ground**
**DL From Geo to Ground**
**Leo to Geo Relay**
**Multi Spacecraft links**
**Sensor Web**

**B**

**C**

**D**

**A**

## Example

**A typical LEO mission:**
**705 km altitude**
**98.7 deg inclination**
**Circular orbit**
**155 Mbps downlink rate**
**320 Mbps instrument bit rate**

**Results of an average LEO Mission**
**~ 170 mins visibility time per station per day**
**~ 99 mins orbital period (15 orbits per day)**
**~ 3.2 Tbits /day downlinked**
**~ 27 Tbits /day stored**

## Reality

**Limited communications capabilities onboard of S/C **
**Limited visibility time to ground stations **
**Limited number of ground stations**
**Limited storage capacity onboard of S/C**
**Limited data processing onboard of S/C**

## Current Communications Technology 

| Types of Links | State-of the- Practice |
| --- | --- |
| A | X-Band |
| B | Ku- and X-Band |
| C | S- and Ku-Band |
| D | UHF |
| E | None |

_**Types of links:**_
**Downlink (DL) from Leo to Ground**
**DL From Geo to Ground**
**Leo to Geo Relay**
**Multi Spacecraft links**
**Sensor Web**

**B**

**C**

**D**

**A**

## Future Communications Technology Needs

| Types of Links | Future Technology Capability |
| --- | --- |
| A | Ka-Band and Optical |
| B | Ka-Band and Optical |
| C | Ka-Band and Optical |
| D | UHF to W-Band and Optical |
| E | All of the Above |

**Ultra Low Noise Microwave**
** ****Components for **
**D**

**Optical Terminals for **
** ****A ****, ****B, ****C,**** ****and**** ****D**

**Ka-Band Phased Array Antennas for**
**A ****, ****B, ****and**** ****C**

## On-Board Processing

**Focus:**
**Technologies needed for data compression, event recognition and response, hyperspectral and radar data onboard processing, and the required processor and memory requirements**
**Aspects of technology requiring validation:**
-  **Fault-tolerant computing and processor stability **
**Autonomous event detection and response **
**Situation-based data compression and processing**

## On-Board Processing Requirements

**On-Board Processing Needs**

**Communications **
**Node/Rad-Hard Networks**

**Radiation Tolerant Processors**

**Autonomy**
**Systems**

- SAR data:
- Aleutian Islands
- Amazon River

- AVIRIS data:
- Mineral map,
- Cuprite, Nevada

**Payload Systems**

## Conclusions

**Limited communications capabilities onboard of S/C**** **
**Optical communications, large antennas, powerful transmitters**
**Limited visibility time to ground stations**
**Geostationary satellites**
**Limited number of ground stations**
**Communication node and space internet**
**Limited storage capacity onboard of S/C**
**Rad hard, large capacity storage**
**Limited data processing onboard of S/C**
**Intelligent data extraction**
**Compression schemes**