# Presentation: 506424

## The 30th Anniversary of the U.S. Support Program to IAEA Safeguards

- USSP Annual Review Meeting
- June 4-7, 2007

## The 30th Anniversary of the U.S. Support Program to IAEA Safeguards

- OUTLINE:
- The Beginnings
- Traditional Safeguards
- Programme 93+2
- The Present
- The Future

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## USSP:  The Beginnings

- OBJECTIVE:
- 	To react to identified, urgent needs more quickly than could be met through IAEA administrative procedures
- 	One-time funding allocation to solve all technical needs

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## USSP:  The Beginnings

- Firsts:
- 	First Member State Support Program
- 	First Cost Free Experts
- 		David Rundquist, John Foley

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## USSP:  The Beginnings

- Herb Kouts’ (TSO) idea
- 1975 – US delegation led by Senator John Glenn visited Vienna
- 1977 – USSP established

## USSP:  The Beginnings

- USSP Established January 1977
- Technical Support Coordinating Committee established
- First Program Plan approved February 1977
- 	98 Tasks
- Initial Budget:  $2.6 million
- 	$23 million spent in first 5 years
- 	over $200 million pledged to date

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## USSP:  The Beginnings

**Notes:**
USSP Established January 1977

	First Program Plan approved February 1977
		98 Tasks

	Initial Budget:  $2.6 million
			$23 million spent in first 5 years
			over $200 million pledged to date	

## USSP:  The Beginnings

-   ISPO established at BNL in 1977
-   Original Staff
- 	Herb Kouts		Leon Green
- 	Clem Auerback	Jim Lemley
- 	Cecil Sonnier	J. Stangby
- 	Art Waligura	Michele Rabatin

## Slide 9

## USSP:  Traditional Safeguards

- Materials Control and Accountability
- Containment and Surveillance
- Training
- Information Treatment
- System Studies

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## USSP:  Traditional Safeguards

- TSCC Chair				ISPO Head
- Chris Kessler			Leon Green

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## USSP:  Traditional Safeguards

- Materials Control and Accountability
- HM4 – Hand-held monitor
- 	developed at BNL by Marty Zucker
- 	Improved IAEA’s ability to detect Uranium
- Portable MCA:  developed by LANL
- 		  commercialized by Davidson
- 		  aided by faster computing

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## USSP:  Traditional Safeguards

*Containment* and Surveillance
- 	Paper seal
- 	Metal seal
- 	Cobra seal – SNL and Aquila
- 	VACOSS Seal - Aquila

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## USSP:  Traditional Safeguards

- Containment and *Surveillance*
- Video Tape – digital media
- SNL built original system
- 	STAR, MIVS, Gemini, DCM-14, NGSS

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## USSP:  Traditional Safeguards

- Training
- 1979 – Training CFE Gene Bates started 			training group
- LANL NDA Training for
- new inspectors - 47 Sessions

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## USSP:  Traditional Safeguards

- Information Treatment
- 1977 – Direct cash contribution for IBM 370/158
- 	rental started in 1977
- 	IAEA took over lease in 1978
- Xerox 7000 reducing copy machine – for reproduction of SGs confidential computer printouts
- CFEs – John Oakberg, Joseph Nardi

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## USSP:  Traditional Safeguards

- System Studies
- Determination of safeguards approaches
- Technical Support Organization (BNL) – mailbox approach
- CFE John Jaech – statistical analysis
- 			analysis of inspection data
- 			surveillance intervals
- 			sampling protocols

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## USSP:  Programme 93+2

- OUTLINE:
- Task 2:  Assessment of Potential Cost Saving Measures
- Task 3:  Environmental Monitoring Techniques for safeguards applications
- Task 5:  Improved analysis of information on States’ nuclear activities
- Task 6:  Enhanced Safeguards Training

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## USSP:  Programme 93+2

**SSTS Chair****	****	****	****	****ISPO Head**
- Alex Burkart				John Skalyo
- Ken Sheely
- Ira Goldman
- Lisa Owens

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## USSP:  Programme 93+2

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## USSP:  Programme 93+2Task 2:  Assessment of Potential Cost Saving Measures

- Field trials in Switzerland by Julian Whichello
- Additional field trials in Switzerland and South Africa
- Evaluation of satellite, telephone, VPN communi-cation
- US CFEs:  Jim Regula, Lee ReFalo

**Notes:**
Lessons Learned:  Importance of reliable communications technology suitable for the locale.
Unattended and remote monitoring being implemented in a number of key States.

## USSP:  Programme 93+2Task 3:  Environmental Monitoring Techniques for Safeguards Applications

**Notes:**
Lessons Learned:  Demonstrated feasibility of ES for safeguards applications.
ES now a central element of safeguards implementation. 

## USSP:  Programme 93+2Task 3:  Environmental Monitoring Techniques for Safeguards Applications

**Notes:**
Field trials of environmental sampling

Clean laboratory construction

Environmental sampling training

CFEs:  Dick Perrin, Michael Taylor
Lessons Learned:  Demonstrated feasibility of ES for safeguards applications.
ES now a central element of safeguards implementation. 

## USSP:  Programme 93+2Task 5:  Improved analysis of information on States’ nuclear activities

- Field trials of information collection and analysis tools:  Watson, SIMS
- Satellite Imagery Analysis Laboratory
- Numerous US CFEs, interns, consultants, and JPOs:  Carl Thorne, John Hilliard, Mark Hollingsworth, Jack King, Frank Pabian, Rick Wallace, Mark Davis, Jack Boureston, George Anzelon, Maryam Tatavosian, Jacob Blackford, Jonathan Essner, Jessica Satterfield, Heather Kopp, William Wanderer, Mark Laughter, Yana Feldman, Kimberly Birdsall, etc.

**Notes:**
Lessons Learned:  Information analysis is a central element of the strengthened safeguards system, requiring ongoing development and integration with traditional safeguards tools. 

## USSP:  Programme 93+2Task 6:  Enhanced Safeguards Training

- Environmental sampling
- Enhanced Observational Skills by PNNL

**Notes:**
ES now a central element of safeguards implementation.
Inspectors’ cultural change to look for indications of undeclared materials and activities. 

## USSP:  The Present

- OUTLINE:
- USSP Priorities for 2007-2008
- Significant activities
- Milestones

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## USSP:  The Present

- SSTS Chair				ISPO Head
- William O’Connor			Susan Pepper

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## Milestones

- 938 Tasks Initiated
- 	831 Tasks Completed
- 		± 522 Cost Free Expert – Years
- 			> $200 Million Pledged
- 				47 NDA Courses
- 					Capsule Summaries

## USSP Priorities(updated May 2007)

-     Quality Management
-    Human Resources and Training
-    Destructive Analysis
-    Containment and Surveillance
-    Safeguards Concepts and Implementation
-    Information Technology, Collection, and Analysis

## Destructive Analysisto be updated with 2007 info

- Strengthen the IAEA’s ability to use destructive analysis, particularly environmental sample analysis, as a safeguards tool
-    SAL Feasibility Study
-    Information Management System Upgrade
-    Staff to support Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy

## Human Resources and Trainingto be updated with 2007 info

- Ensure an appropriate mixture of regular staff and extrabudgetary experts who are qualified to meet the IAEA’s technical needs.
-   Strengthened recruitment of US citizens for SGs posts
- Provide appropriate training to improve the technical basis and specific skills needed to perform their job functions.
-    Development of New Courses (Mostly Inspector Related)
-    Curriculum re-engineering
-    Redefinition of the role of SG inspectors

##  Quality Management Activitiesto be updated with 2007 info

- Support the implementation of a comprehensive QMS that will provide sound safeguards conclusions
-   Cross-functional quality management program
-   Life cycle approach to equipment management
-   Quality assurance and quality control
-    Continual process improvement
-    Product quality improvement
-    ISO 9001 (CFE Provided)

## Containment and Surveillanceto be updated with 2007 info

- Maintain or improve the reliability and cost-effectiveness of C/S systems for IAEA safeguards; expand the number of systems that are UNARM; and develop verification methods that help streamline the on-site inspection processes.
-    Next Generation Surveillance System
-    Seals upgrade projects
-    SW and HW configuration control and standardization

## Safeguards Concepts and Implementationto be updated with 2007 info

- Support the development and implementation of safeguards approaches and verification measures that address the IAEA’s challenges of integrated safeguards and unique facilities.
-    Consultants
-    Novel Technologies
-    JMOX

## Information Technology, Collection and Analysisto be updated with 2007 info

- Support the IAEA in achieving an integrated and efficient safeguards information infrastructure.
-    Junior Professional Officers for collection and analysis
-    NVision development project
-    IAEA SGs Information System Re-engineering Project
-    Satellite imagery

## Significant Activities

- Intern and JPO programs
- Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant
- Chernobyl monitoring systems
- ISIS Re-engineering Project

## Road-mapping Workshops

-   Data Communication Technologies (October 1999)
-   Information Security (October 2000)
-   Design and Testing for High Reliability (October 2001)
-   Standardization and Integration of Unattended and    Remote Monitoring Systems (October 2002)
-   Turning Information into Knowledge (October 2004)
-   Safeguards Tools of the Future (October 2005)
-   Advanced Sensors for Safeguards (April 2007)

## USSP Contractors

**USSP Contractors**

- INL

- PNNL

- LLNL

- LANL

- SNL

- Time Solutions Canberra Albuquerque

- ORNL

- BNL

- ANL, NBL

- Sonalysts

- Stat-a-Matrix

- BIL

- Cap Gemini Ernst & Young
- IBM
- AWST

- Wyle

- OAC

- SAIC

**Notes:**
The USSP relies on contractors from the U.S. private and public sectors to perform the work sponsored.  This map shows the location of the offices of some of our most active contractors.

## USSP:  The Future

- OUTLINE:  Ideas welcome

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## USSP:  The Future

- Product Quality Improvement
- Safeguards Approaches for new facility types
- Training for new and experienced inspectors to prevent loss of institutional knowledge

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.

## U.S. Support Program to IAEA Safeguards

- What can the USSP do for you?
-   Address unfunded needs
-   Identify contractors for special tasks
-   Answer questions related to project status
-   Facilitate project management
-   Recruit regular and extrabudgetary staff

- Photo of Theresa and Barbara

## U.S. CFEs Who Became Regular Staff

- Richard Hooper	William Lichliter	Joseph Nardi
- Robert Muller	Gene Bates		John Oakberg
- Dick Olsen		Greg Whitaker	Bernie Wishard (2)
- Bettina Bartsiotas				John Hilliard

**Notes:**
The U.S. Support Program is basically a mechanism to allow technology transfer from organizations in the United States to the IAEA Department of Safeguards.