# Presentation: 063639

## Historical Background

- No State EM Offices Prior to Cold War
- 1950 CD Act -- Creation of State Offices
- Established in All States
- Primarily Small, Obscure Line Agencies
- Focus is on National Security-Related CD
- Highly Dependent on Federal Government
- 70’s and 80’s Evolution to All-Hazards
- Large Disasters Caused Further Evolution
- Now State EM Integral Part of State Gov.

## State Government Roles in E.M.

- Enact EM Legislation, Codes, Regulations
- Enforce National Laws
- Develop Integrated CEM,4-Phased Pgms.
- Coordinate State Agency Activities
- Assist Local Governments
- Serve as Interface with Federal Agencies
- Fund Emergency Management Activities

## Substantial State Disasters 1997

- 4,783 Required “Substantial” State Help
- 915 of these (19%) declared State Disasters
- 49 of these (1%) Presidential Declarations (NEMA/CSG 1998, 10)

## Key State “Players”

- Legislature
- Governor and Aides
- State Office of Emergency Management
- Other State Agencies
- Private Sector Organizations
- Public Interest Groups

## Role of State Legislature

- Shape Emergency Management Vision
- Develop State Strategy and Policy
- Provide Funding
- Influence Program Development
- Promote Good Land Use Policies
- Enact Statewide Building Codes
- Enact Mutual Aid Compacts

## Emergency Management Funding

- Regular Appropriations
- Supplemental Appropriations
- Multiple Funding Sources
- Trust Funds, Fees and Surcharges
- Florida Surcharge on Residential and Commercial Property Insurance Premiums

## State Funding Mechanisms

## Role of Governor

- Responsible for Emergency Management
- Declares State Disaster
- Directs State’s Disaster Response
- Commands State National Guard
- Sole Authority to Request Federal Aid
- Interstate Mutual Aid Agreements

## Typical Gubernatorial Emergency Powers

- Authority to Declare Disasters
- Suspend State Laws
- Mobilize National Guard
- Seize Personal Property
- Direct Evacuation
- Authorize Emergency Funding

## Typical Key State Agencies

- Planning Office
- Department of the Environment, Forestry
- Budget Office
- State Police and Fire Marshall’s Office
- Transportation, Public Works, Energy
- Health and Human Services, Labor
- State Emergency Response Commission
- National Guard
- Attorney General

## How State Directors are Chosen

**8**

**14**

**28**

## Who State Directors Report To

**17**

**13**

**4**

**16**

## State Emergency Management 

- State Emergency Management
- Agency By Location

## Components of a Successful State Emergency Mgmt. Agency

- Professionally Trained Staff
- Good Relationship with:
- Governor’s Office
- Legislature
- Key State Agencies
- Sufficient Funding Arrangements
- Support for Four-Phased Program
- EM Integrated into Land-Use Planning, Economic Development, Environmental Protection
- (National Conf. Of State Legislatures, 1997, 7)

## State Office of E.M. Staffing

- Low of Couple Dozen Employees (1997)
- High of About 300 in California (1997)
- National Average of 38 Personnel (1997)

## State Spending on E.M.

- FY (92-97)

**$1.18**

**$1.25**

**$1.62**

**$1.62**

**$2.08**

**$2.77 Billion**

## Total State E.M. Spending By Phase

**12%**

**27%**

**45%**

**18%**

-  (FY 97)

## State Population Grouping

Small (up to 1 million)

Medium (1-4 million)

Large (4-10 million)

Very Large (over 10 million)

- Fiscal Year 1997

**State Population Grouping**
**Small (up to 1 million)**
**Medium (1-4 million)**
**Large (4-10 million)**
**Very Large (over 10 million)**

**	****	****Average Spending**
**	****	****	****$19,011,210**
**	****	****	****  ****$8,381,180**
**	****	****	**** ****$76,429,781**
**	****	****             ****$301,884,697**

## Total State Spending on Mitigation

**$0**

**$200**

**$400**

**$600**

**$800**

**$1,000**

**$1,200**

**$1,400**

**$1,600**

**1992**

**1993**

**1994**

**1995**

**1996**

**1997**

**Fiscal Year**

**Spending ($US Millions)**

**$130**

**$198**

**$206**

**$611**

**$1.2 Billion**

**$690**

- (FY 92-97)

## State Population Grouping

Small (up to 1 million)

Medium (1-4 million)

Large (4-10 million)

Very Large (over 10 million)

- Fiscal Year 1997

**State Population Grouping**
**Small (up to 1 million)**
**Medium (1-4 million)**
**Large (4-10 million)**
**Very Large (over 10 million)**

**	****	****Average Spending**
**         ****	****	****  ****$3,451,620**
**	****	****	****  ****$2,122,093**
**	****	****	**** ****$46,863,654**
**	****	****             ****$178,027,797**

## Pre-Disaster & Post-Disaster

- Mitigation (FY 97)

**10%**

**90%**

## Total State Spending on Preparedness

- (FY 92-97)

## State Population Grouping

Small (up to 1 million)

Medium (1-4 million)

Large (4-10 million)

Very Large (over 10 million)

- Fiscal Year 1997

**State Population Grouping**
**Small (up to 1 million)**
**Medium (1-4 million)**
**Large (4-10 million)**
**Very Large (over 10 million)**

**	****	****Average Spending**
**         ****	****	****  ****$4,587,606**
**	****	****	****  ****$1,859,508**
**	****	****	****  ****$7,476,522**
**	****	****               ****$48,051,024**

## Total State Spending on Response

- (FY 92-97)

## State Population Grouping

Small (up to 1 million)

Medium (1-4 million)

Large (4-10 million)

Very Large (over 10 million)

- Fiscal Year 1997

**State Population Grouping**
**Small (up to 1 million)**
**Medium (1-4 million)**
**Large (4-10 million)**
**Very Large (over 10 million)**

**	****	****Average Spending**
**         ****	****	****  ****$5,312,720**
**	****	****	****  ****$1,717,207**
**	****	****	****  ****$4,659,725**
**	****	****               ****$31,340,880**

## Total State Spending on Recovery

- (FY 92-97)

## State Population Grouping

Small (up to 1 million)

Medium (1-4 million)

Large (4-10 million)

Very Large (over 10 million)

- Fiscal Year 1997

**State Population Grouping**
**Small (up to 1 million)**
**Medium (1-4 million)**
**Large (4-10 million)**
**Very Large (over 10 million)**

**	****	****Average Spending**
**         ****	****	****  ****$7,922,980**
**	****	****	****  ****$3,373,845**
**	****	****	**** ****$17,429,880 **
**	****	****               ****$97,156,236**

## State Strengths and Shortcomings

- Strengths:
- Laws and Authorities In-Place
- Finance and Administration
- Operations and Procedures
- Exercising
- Shortcomings:
- Resource Management
- Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment
- Response/Recovery Logistics/Facilities/Service   (FEMA Capability Assessment)

## State Emergency Mgmt. Trends

- Increased Spending
- Increased Emphasis on Mitigation
- Establishment of Funding Mechanisms
- Comprehensive State Planning Mandates
- State Building Codes
- Interstate Mutual Aid Agreements
- Staff Professionalization

## Florida’s Disaster Trust Fund

- Emergency Management Preparedness and Assistance Trust Fund
- Created in 1992 by Legislature, Following Hurricane Andrew
- Component of Insurance Premiums
- $2.00 on all Residential Insurance Policies
- $4.00 on all Commercial Property Premiums
- $16 Million Created in 1996

## Uses of Florida’s Disaster Trust Fund

- Critical Care Facility Upgrading and Retrofitting
- Hurricane Shutter Installation of Shelters
- Clearing Floodway Passages
- Financing Studies on
- Evacuation
- Citizen Disaster Education
- Hazards Research

## Emergency Management Assistance Compacts (EMAC)

- All States Can Participate
- EMAC Legislation Needs to be Passed
- 17 States and Territories Have Done So
- Endorsed by FEMA, NEMA, IEMA

## Interstate Mutual Aid Agreements

- Clarify Legal/Regulatory Questions
- Mutual Assistance
- Tort Responsibility for Out-Of-State Workers
- Specify Reimbursement for Use of Personnel and Equipment Between States
- Facilitates Quicker State Assistance
- Enhances Knowledge, Skills, Abilities of Personnel Involved