# Presentation: 178172

## An Outlook

## In 10 years the written laws of physics will be different than they are now.

- "I do not like this question... Galileo was surrounded by great professors of theology, Aristotelian philosophy, and so forth, who addressed all the 'greatest' questions about the nature of the universe, the meaning of life, and so on, in long treatises. But Galileo made a more lasting contribution by studying and figuring out precisely how balls roll down inclined planes."
- Frank Wilczek, in Physics World, Dec. 1999

**What is the biggest unsolved **
**     ****problem in physics?**

## “The devil is in the details.”

- “The devil is in the details.”

- Sarcophilis harrisii
-    (Tasman devil)

## How Will It Emerge?

- The energy frontier
- The quark flavor frontier
- The neutrino frontier
- The theory frontier
- The cosmic frontier

## How Will It Emerge?

- The energy frontier
- The quark flavor frontier
- The neutrino frontier
- The theory frontier
- The cosmic frontier

- CDF & D-Zero; LHC;
- B-TeV
- K-physics
- NUMI & off-axis
- Symmetries & Lattice
- Sloan, SNAP, ...

- Quark Flavor Physics

## Cabbibo-Kobayashi Maskawa Theory

- =

## Slide 9

## Incorporates:

- Hocker et.al.,
- Grossman

## Golden Mode                      measures CP-violation in                   

- Mixing:

- sin 2βψKS   =  + 0.79 ± 0.39 ± 0.16  CDF Run-I 400 events  (2000)

- sin 2βψKS   =  + 0.91 ± 0.32 ± 0.18  CDF Run-I 60 events Ψ(2S)KS  (2000)

- box

- tree

- gluonic penguin

- sin 2βψKS   =  + 0.84 ± 0.94 ± 0.16  Aleph + Opal  Z-pole   (2000)

- sin 2βψKS   =  + 0.79 ± 0.39 ± 0.16  CDF Run-I 400 events

- sin 2βψKS   =  + 0.719 ± 0.074 ± 0.035  Belle   (2002)

- sin 2βψKS   =  + 0.741 ± 0.067 ± 0.034  Babar    (2002)

- sin 2βψKS   =  + 0.73 ± 0.05  PDG  average

## Apparent discrepancies between CP-violation

- sin 2β ФKS   =  + 0.47 ± 0.34  	            (Babar)
- sin 2β ФKS   =  – 0.96 ± 0.50    	(Belle)
- sin 2β η′KS   =  + 0.43 ± 0.28               (Belle)
- sin 2β η′KS   =  + 0.02 ± 0.35               (Babar)

- parameters measured in
- Bd → ψKS, φKS, η′KS :

- __________________________
- sin 2β XKS   =  + 0.17 ± 0.16          3σ discrepancy

## Modes like                       and                        are sensitive to CP-violation in a penguin process:                

- gluonic penguin

- sin 2βψKS   =  + 0.79 ± 0.39 ± 0.16  CDF Run-I 400 events

- sin 2βψKS   =  + 0.17 ± 0.16

- New physics?
- FCNC “Z” vertex?
- “Trojan Penguins”

## Electroweak (or “Trojan”) Penguins

- Cleo, BaBar and Belle have measured
- branching ratios (these are CP-averaged):

- The                 Puzzle

-   }

- Color allowed
- “Trojan Penguins”

- }

- Standard

- Grossman, Neubert, Kagan hep-ph/9909297
- Buras, Fleischer, Recksiegel, Schwab
- hep-ph/0309012

## Color Allowed

- Trojan Penguins

- Color Suppressed
- Trojan Penguins

##   parameterized EW penguin:   Standard Model  

-   parameterized EW penguin:   Standard Model
- 			  Experimental fit:

- +1.27

- -0.99

- +11

- -14

- Buras, Fleischer,
- Recksiegel, Schwab
- hep-ph/0309012

##  Other anomalies in two-body charmless branching ratios:

- These are most sensitive channels to the trojan penguin

- Z. Xiao et.al.,
- hep-ph/0011175
- Data mostly CLEO,

## Implications for Kaon Physics:

- Test the “Golden Relation” :

- Special “clean” Golden Modes:

- (3 events, AGS 787 + AGS 949)

- ???

## Corollary processes :            Buras hep-ph/0402191

- Giri and Mohanta,
- hep-ph/0404091

- BaBar:

- Standard Model

- Mixing:    xs >> 26  ??

- Nierste’s Process:

- (1)

- (2)

- (3)

- (4)

## Quark Flavor Physics will remain profoundly important:

- Hints of new physics, perhaps associated with a                                 vertex                                arising from new dynamics may be emerging in the world data sets.
- Bs  physics must be fully developed;
- Much for CDF and D-Zero to do now, B-TeV later!
- Highly synergistic with Kaon physics!
- B-TeV and CKM(2) should be aggressively pursued.

## The Energy Frontier

## The Devil May Soon Appear

- CDF & D-Zero have excellent chances at catching the devil!
- Intriguing new hints of “something”
-       (Edward Teller, “If only you knew what I know!”)
- Possible dramatic results within 1 fb-1

## The Energy Frontier will move to CERN in 5 years

- Fermilab and CMS
- LHC Physics analysis center
- Develop the Next Generation of QCD Monte Carlos  (Ellis, Giele, ...)!

## The Energy/Theory Frontier

## The Energy Frontier will reveal new organizing principles of nature

- Supersymmetry
- Fermionic extra dimensions
- SUSY particles = KK-modes
- Classical Extra Dimensions
- New Strong Dynamics and Interactions
- Something Else?

## What kind of devil lives at the energy frontier?

- How is                             symmetry broken?
- Is there weak scale SUSY?
- Are there w.s. compact extra dimensions?
- Are there new w.s. interactions, including possible strong forces?
- What new organizing principle is required at the weak scale?

## The trouble with SUSY

**The MSSM **
**is in trouble:**

**Fine Tuning **
**< 10% precision**

## What we mean by weak scale SUSY:

- Must provide a *custodial symmetry* for the “weak scale” via SUSY.
- Must have *unification* in a simple and compelling way (consistent with String).
- Must **not be** “*fine-tuned*.”  (This is supposed to be *the* fundamental theory!)

## Does SUSY Unify?

- One Loop

- Two Loops

- 4% discrepancy = 5 sigma discrepancy predicting α(MZ)

- S. Raby PDG

## Fixed = 175 GeV

- Increased by
- experimental limit

- forced to
- increase

- Compute Higgs mass
- from Quartic coupling:

- Tree approximation, large tan β

- Top-stop loop

## Must arrange a cancellation between (1) and (2) 

- From bare Higgs mass:

- (1) Tree approximation

- (2) Top-stop loop

- Must arrange a cancellation between (1) and (2)

- Fine tuning < 10%

## How to fix it?

- NMSSM: Modify the tree relationship:

- (1) Replace μ-term by gauge singlet

- (2) Topflavor

- Batra,Delgado,Kaplan,Tait

## Make SUSY Unify!

- One Loop

- Two Loops

- Raise mstop to 1010 GeV; invoke “anthropic principle.”

- Dimopoulos
- Arkani-Hamed

## Or, perhaps something else:

- and toward a strongly interacting theory

- Who needs SUSY? Non-SUSY solutions to EWSB exist
- and are natural.
- Strong Dynamics: TC2, or the Top Seesaw
- Deconstruction and the Little Higgs

- Eichten, Lane;
- Dobrescu, CTH,
- Chivukula, Georgi,
- Arkani-Hamed, Cohen...

## Neutrino Frontier

## The Devils in Neutrino Physics

- Majorana vs Dirac Masses?
- Relationship to electroweak scale?
- Relationship to GUT/Planck scale?
- Dynamical aspects of neutrino masses?
- The global strategy.

## Gell-Mann, Ramond, Slansky;

- Yanagida;  Weinberg  1977:

- Weinberg  1968:

- The GUT Scale?!

## Slide 39

## Slide 40

## Cosmic Devils

- The Cosmological Constant Problem
- The Big Problem
- The Little Problem
- The Dark Matter Problem
- Cosmic coincidences? SUSY? Neutrinos?
- The Matter-Antimatter asymmetry
- Which CP-violation?  SUSY? Neutrinos?
- Leptogenesis?

## Cosmic Devils

- The Cosmological Constant Problem
- The Big Problem
- The Little Problem
- The Dark Matter Problem
- Cosmic coincidences? SUSY? Neutrinos?
- The Matter-Antimatter asymmetry
- Which CP-violation?  SUSY? Neutrinos?
- Leptogenesis?

## The Role of Scale Symmetry?

- We live in 1+3 dimensions
- The big cosmological constant conundrum
- The Higgs Boson mass scale
- How QCD solves the problem of hierarchy
- New Strong Dynamics?

## ?

## What is most inspiring?

## Slide 46

## Love, Politics and Subatomic Particles

- Reviewed by Linda Richards
- In reviewing *A Hole In Texas,* it seems significant to note that Herman Wouk's first novel, *Aurora Dawn,* was published in 1947: 56 years ago. Also significant: he was 32 years old at the time. Wouk received the Pulitzer Prize for *The Caine Mutiny, *which was published in 1951. As I write this, Wouk is just days shy of his 89th birthday. (He was born on May 27th, 1915.)

## www.emmynoether.com

- Prometheus Books, expected release in Fall, 2004

**Symmetry and the Beautiful Universe**