# Presentation: 883109

## Slide 1

## National Transportation Safety Board International Aviation Safety Program 

**Aircraft Accident Investigations**
** ****Research and Engineering Assistance**
**Safety Training, Advocacy and Outreach**
**Family Affairs Assistance**

**Notes:**
The international program of the NTSB consists of four elements. 

The most obvious activity is Aircraft Accident Investigation.  This function deals directly with the investigation of serious incidents or accidents occurring outside the territories of the United States. 
These events involve either a U.S. operator or airline, a U.S. registered aircraft, or aircraft and aviation products designed and manufactured here in the U.S.  In addition we should note that from time to time, the Safety Board is invited to participate in foreign investigations of a special nature, including, for example, an accident of a new type design, or accidents with special visibility due to U.S. citizens or some sort of special mission. 

Another element of the international program is Research and Engineering Assistance.  The Office of Research and Engineering staff receives frequent requests from foreign governments for investigative assistance.  Some requests involve metallurgical studies or failure analysis.  Other investigations require transcripts of cockpit voice recorder tapes, and readouts of digital flight data recorders.  On some occasions there are also requests to provide sound spectrum analysis or flight path animations from flight recorder information. In addition, engineering work can also include detailed analysis of airplane performance derived from the recorders and other facts surrounding the accident.

A third element of the international program involves Safety Training, Advocacy and Outreach.  These initiatives take place with our peers in the world aviation community.  We provide not only technical investigative training, but we also pursue other specific safety issues important to the Safety Board’s mission.

A fourth element of the international aviation program relates to Family Affairs Assistance.  This program is no longer just a domestic initiative.  This endeavor has been recognized around the world.  The U.S. provides leadership by example for all nations to address the needs of aviation disaster victims and their families. 

Now we will address each of these four elements in more detail. 

## Why Does NTSB Conduct International Activities ?

**Fulfill international obligations-ICAO**
**Annex 13 and Annex 8**
**Attain national purpose and agency goals**
**Provide technical support to the safety efforts of developing states - on site**

**Notes:**
Why does the NTSB conduct international activities?  The answer is - to Fulfill international obligations to ICAO – the International Civil Aviation Organization. 

The NTSB is responsible, consistent with U.S. Department of State requirements, to fulfill the obligations of the United States presented in Annex 13 to the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation.  It is commonly called “ICAO Annex 13.” 
It is recognized that a sovereign nation, as the state of occurrence of an accident, is responsible for an accident investigation within its territory.  If an accident or incident occurs in a foreign state involving civil aircraft of a U.S. operator or airline, or of U.S. registry or an airframe or engine of U.S.  manufacture, then the U.S. Government participates in these investigations through an NTSB appointed Accredited Representative and a team of advisors named by the NTSB.

Also we note Annex 8.   The NTSB is responsible, consistent with U.S. Department of State requirements, to provide Accredited Representative leadership that enables the FAA to fulfill the obligations of the United States as presented in ICAO Annex 8, titled Airworthiness of Aircraft. Annex 8, Paragraph 4 states, “Continuing  Airworthiness of Aircraft,” the State of Design of an aircraft must maintain a system to receive airworthiness information from user States, decide when action is needed to maintain continuing airworthiness and the safe operation of the aircraft, and transmit appropriate information to all user states. The NTSB Accredited Representative, and advisors from the FAA and industry participate in foreign accident investigations to fulfill this obligation and to gain air safety information to protect the traveling public.

There are other reasons why the NTSB conducts international activities.  One is to attain national purpose and agency goals.  Certainly, the care of human life and happiness and the Safety Board’s mission to make recommendations to preclude the recurrence of accidents go hand in hand.  Many of our accident prevention initiatives come from data gained through international investigations.

We also have many opportunities to Provide technical support to the safety efforts of developing states.  These opportunities may occur through participation on site at the accident location or through later meetings and dialog as the investigating state forms their analysis and recommendations. 

## Why Does NTSB Conduct International Activities (Continued)

**Maintain preeminence among colleagues**
**Maintain currency with  newest advances**
**Build rapport and confidence with other states **_**before**_** a major event occurs**

**Notes:**
There are additional reasons for our international activities.  Safety Board investigators work to maintain preeminence among colleagues.   Investigators have a unique opportunity in the course of their work to gain insight into very specialized areas.  Some examples are: the behavior of fatigue cracks in airplane structure, or the sound spectrum of jet engine operations on airplane cockpit voice recorders, or the comparison of flight crew performance during rejected takeoffs with Captain flying versus First Officer flying. With this type of  “real world “ exposure, the expertise of Safety Board investigators is recognized and they are in high demand as speakers and mentors at forums with our contemporaries.

Safety Board investigators work to maintain currency with the newest advances.  The aviation industry thrives on change and competitive improvements. There are myriad industry and academic developments coming on line every week, and many of these changes come from international sources.  For example: Englishman James Reason’s research in human factors, French Airbus computer flight path control, Australian experience with ab-inisue flight training, and recent Brazilian and Canadian new airplane entries in the regional jet market. Safety Board investigators need to be out-and-about among their peers to stay abreast of these developments.

The Safety Board works to build rapport and confidence with other states before a major event occurs.  Having personal contact with knowledgeable officials before an accident has been a major factor in attaining full participation in foreign investigations from the moment of notification.  Examples; EGYPT-EqyptAir, we knew some of the officials from a previous Cairo seminar, COLOMBIA-American Airlines at Cali, we knew some of the officials from a previous Avianca accident, MEXICO-departure point interviews for AlaskaAir at Puerto Vallarta, again we knew some of the officials from a previous TAESA accident, FRANCE- we conducted recent industry training here in Washington with Airbus Industries ATR company and Bureau Enqettes Accident  or BEA, the French  air accidents  investigation agency to build rapport.

## WHO IS AFFECTED ?U.S. Carriers -1998 International Passengers 20 year traffic growth average 5%

**53.1 million international passengers**
**50,000  international departures**
**163.3 billion international passenger miles**
- triple the 1979 figure
- forecast to double again by 2010

- FAA Aerospace Forecasts FY 1999-2010

**Notes:**
Who is affected by the Safety Board’s international activity? Here we can look at some numbers of international passengers traveling in 1998, on U.S. international airlines. I’ll repeat “just U.S.carriers.” The FAA Aerospace Forecasts publication presents airline traffic figures in a variety of statistical forms. It does not matter if we speak of numbers of passengers, number of departures, or number of revenue miles flown, it is obvious that the number are large-0and the number of air travelers appears to be growing at about 5% per year. We should not e the passenger miles figure at the bottom of the list-that number, 163.3 billion, is forecast to double in the next en year-this is an indication of more long rage airplanes joining the fleet, and the addition of many new city-pairs to the list of international destinations.

## International PassengerTraffic Growth(U.S. portal cities)

**126.1 million in CY 1998**
**230.2 million in CY 2010**

- FAA Aerospace Forecasts FY1999-2010

**Notes:**
Again looking at who is affected by the Safety Board’s international activities, this is an “all air carriers” statistic and forecast. By that I mean, not only our U.S. airline operators, but also all the other airlines of the world that serve our portal cities, from airlines such as Air Canada and Mexicana, to Aeroflot and Air New Zealand. 
We can also look at world traffic figures.

## Worldwide Passenger Traffic1997-1998 

**Currently 1.5 billion passengers worldwide**
**About 70% are flying on Boeing airplanes**

- ICAO Traffic Data 1997-98

**Notes:**
ICAO estimates that 1.5 billion passengers traveled by air in 1998. One third, or .5 billion wee on international flights. 

 And indeed, the safety of these passengers and the reliability of the aircraft they are on - is our great concern.

## How Does the NTSB Participate in Foreign Investigations ?

- Role of NTSB U.S. Accredited Representative
-         and NTSB staff members
- Role of the FAA Advisors
- Role of the Operator Advisors
- Role of the Manufacturer’s Advisors

**Notes:**
ROLE

The NTSB participates in a foreign accident through the Role of the U.S. Accredited Representative.  He or she is the eyes and ears of U.S. aviation interests; sitting literally, “at the right hand” of the local Investigator-in-Charge. The Accredited Rep. is a facilitator regarding the IIC’s needs for information from the U.S.; he is a communicator back to the responsible officials in the U.S.; and he is the team leader of the NTSB, FAA, and industry advisor group. He integrates his team into the working groups of the host country investigation.  In developing nations, he must use his personal negotiating skills to provide guidance in overall investigation management without the appearance of being overbearing.  Within the Safety Board, Accredited Representatives are named from a variety of our operating divisions such as engineering or survival factors and our Field Investigator staff.

Regarding the Role of Advisors – they are appointed by the state due to their specific expertise.  They operate under the supervision of the Accredited Representative. The accident site and overall investigation remains under the control of the local IIC.  
The FAA Advisors are concerned with the FAA operational and airworthiness responsibilities surrounding the accident.  The Operator Advisors are included in order to review procedural and maintenance records .  Manufacturer’s Advisors provide both engineering based expertise and pilot flight test experience.

The cultural situation in some parts of the world immediately following an accident exhibits a degree of suspicion or hostility toward the manufacturer and the operating company employees.  These situations present particular challenges for both the Accredited Representative and the advisors to derive the full benefit from an investigation. 

## Most Recent Foreign InvestigationsMajor Investigations Division

- Korean Airlines B747F   London
- Cubana DC-10   Guatemala City
- FedEx MD-11   Manila
- LAPA B737   Buenos Aires

**Notes:**
Shown here is an example of NTSB Major Investigations Division foreign investigations activity in just the last few months. The top two events happened during the year end holidays. Due to the high level of professionalism of the U.K. accident branch, we sent only one investigator to London, however, the other accidents involved major efforts and personnel.

## Civil C-130 Bolivia
TAESA DC-9 Mexico
Saudi Bell 212 Aramco
Tanzania CE 404
Costa Rica LET 410

- TAESA DC-9 Mexico
- Saudi Bell 212 Aramco
- Tanzania CE 404
- Costa Rica LET 410

**Most Recent Foreign Investigations****Regional Operations Division**

**Notes:**
Shown here is the Regional Investigations staff activity. Again , this is only a small snapshot of the overall level of international activity. 
Dennis Jones and Hector Casanova are present here today to answer any questions you may have regarding their experiences with regional international investigations listed there . With your permission, we’ll do one more slide and then stop for discussion. 

## Significant Accomplishments as a Result of Foreign Investigations

- Lauda B767 - thrust reversers
- Birgenair B757 - instrument disagreement
- El Al B747 - engine pylon improvements
- American/Cali B757- EGPWS
- TAM Brazil F100- thrust reversers
- JAL MD-11 - autopilot improvements
- Swissair MD-11 - electrical/insulation
- many more _to disprove_ mechanical failure

**Notes:**
Indeed this slide is very busy- - and in fact it was intended to be....because there are many Significant Accomplishments as a result of our participation in foreign investigations. Listed here a just a few.  And in each one, the traveling public, both our domestic passenger, and travelers worldwide, benefited from a major aviation safety improvement.
The Lauda B767 investigation in the jungles of Thailand resulted in eliminating inadvertent thrust reverser hazards, not only in all B767s, but improvements were also made to Boeing 737, 747, and 757 airliner fleets.
The Birgenair accident is particularly noteworthy because it was the first loss of the popular B757, and there was concern for the airworthiness of the fleet. Through a multinational effort, the flight recorders were retrieved from the seabed off the Dominican Republic, a depth of over 7000 feet, and the accident could be understood,--crew confusion over flight instrument readings.  In both the Lauda and Birgenair accidents, the Safety Board was able to get Safety Recommendations out to the industry in a timely manner-thus protecting the public from possible recurrence.
The El Al accident was a tragic event in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.  It occurred with a B747 freighter.  But again, information derived from the accident led to improvements that affected the entire B747 passenger carrying fleet.
The American Airlines accident in Cali, Colombia was a controlled flight into terrain event.  That event has triggered an airline industry  move toward the Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System that is a giant step toward protecting airline passengers from this all to common type of  accident.
Investigation of the TAN Brazil F100 accident and improvements to the airplane were an exercise in international cooperation. The airplane was manufactured in the Netherlands, with U.K. Rolls Royce engines.  It was used extensively here in the U.S. in regional service.  Our engineering laboratories contributed the information necessary to identify the causal factors and therefore make the safety improvements which directly benefit our domestic travelers.  
The JAL MD-11 case was one of co-operation in which, through the sharing of accident data, both countries were able to recognize an accident potential during autoflight, and to include much more complete data in their safety recommendations. 
The SWISSAIR case is not yet completed but we immediately saw the benefits of our Family Affairs legislation, and we have already seen engineering improvements in electrical systems and insulation.
Even more important than the accidents listed here- are the accidents which appeared, at the onset, to be related to mechanical failure.  However, using scientific investigation methods, and with perseverance, Safety Board investigators have been able to assist in local investigations to determine the true cause.  Many, many of these cases have been correctly identified as crew caused accidents.  Mr. Chairman, the agenda now calls for discussion.

## NTSB  Research and Engineering Assistance to Foreign States

- Materials Laboratory Examinations
- CVR transcriptions
- FDR readouts
- Flight path video animations
- Vehicle Performance studies

**Notes:**
As noted, there are five aspects to the Research and Engineering assistance provided to foreign aviation accident investigations. Members of the staff are present to discuss each one. The Chief of the Materials Laboratory, Mr. Jim Wildey will lead off.

 Mr. Wildey;

## Supports Failure Analysis Investigations Worldwide

Fractographic Analysis, Component Examination, Aircraft Reconstruction

- Fractographic Analysis, Component Examination, Aircraft Reconstruction

**MATERIALS LAB**

## MATERIALS LAB

- Foreign Accidents in 1999 were from Africa, Europe, Asia, South America, and the Caribbean

## Flight Recorder Readouts for Foreign States

**Flight Recorder Readouts for Foreign States**

- 30 Flight Recorder Readout in CY 1999
- Flight Data Recorders (FDR) 18
- Cockpit Voice Recorders  (CVR) 12

## Slide 16

## Flight Recorder Readouts for Foreign States

**Flight Recorder Readouts for Foreign States**

- LAPA B737 Buenos Aires
- Thai Airways,      A 310, Thailand
- China Airline MD11 Hong Kong

**FDR Flight Path Video Animations  3**

## VEHICLE PERFORMANCE  DIVISION

**Determine Motion**

**VEHICLE ****PERFORMANCE  ****DIVISION**

## AIRPLANEPERFORMANCE  STUDIES

**Evaluate Failure Scenarios**

**AIRPLANE****PERFORMANCE  ****STUDIES**

## AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE

**Computer Analysis**

**AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE**

## Flight Animation/Reconstruction

**Video Animation**
**Address Safety Issues**

## 10 Foreign Performance Studies Annually

**Focus on Major Cases**

## Foreign Launches in the Past 6 months

**Foreign Launches in the Past 6 months**

## Safety Training Initiatives

**NTSB Investigator Training Courses**
- Foreign representation, about 1/3 of each class
**NTSB Training Academy**
- Even greater opportunities for foreign representation in the future
**On-site Training Courses**
- Taiwan, Singapore, Indonesia, China

**Notes:**
Safety Training Initiatives

The Board has conducted NTSB Investigator Training Courses for many years. Currently the course is held every six months. It has been our practice to allow/invite foreign government investigators to participate.  This opportunity has been well received by our colleagues outside the U.S. because there are few alternatives.

The Safety Board is now undertaking an expansion of training efforts to develop an NTSB Training Academy.  Course development and selection of an Academy facility are now underway.  This training initiative will provide the Board with even greater opportunities to interact with the international investigative community in the future.  
Regarding On-site Training Courses, the Board also responds to requests for on-site training of groups of investigators from several governments as indicated.  We have been to Taiwan, Singapore, Indonesia and China.  And we will present some advanced training in Taiwan and Singapore again this month.

## States Represented in NTSB Training Activity

- _NTSB Investigators Course_-France, U.K., Canada, Australia, Italy, Greece, Finland, Norway, Germany, Netherlands, Austria, Panama, Peru, Colombia, Spain, and Ghana
- _Other NTSB Conducted Training_-
- Representatives of 24 states have been present at other training opportunities

## Advocacy and Outreach Efforts

**ICAO Assembly and AIG meetings    **(Complete ICAO membership-185 states)
- Assembly-every 3 years, determine future direction of ICAO efforts
- AIG -every 5 years, revise investigation issues to future needs, Annex 13
**ICAO Regional Seminars**
- 8-12 states with much local participation
- Centered on a particular accident prevention topic

**Notes:**
Advocacy and Outreach

The ICAO organization is the umbrella group for world aviation and U.S. participation is critical to its success.  NTSB representatives participate on a regular basis as part of the delegation to the Assembly meetings—and as the leader of the U.S. delegation for the AIG or Aircraft Investigation Group as noted every five years.  Ron Schleede lead the delegation which just concluded their meeting in October of 1999.
Also noted, we participate in ICAO Regional Seminars.  The seminars usually center on a particular accident prevention topic.  The Safety Board’s participation last year included a Global Seminar on Human Factors in Santiago, Chile, and a seminar on Controlled Flight Into Terrain hosted in Lima, Peru.

## Advocacy and Outreach EffortsVehicle Recorder Division

**Advocacy and Outreach Efforts****Vehicle Recorder Division**

## ICAO   Flight Recorder Panel (FLIREC)
EUROCAE Flight Recorder Working Groups
ISASI - Flight Recorder Working Group
AIMS Symposium

- EUROCAE Flight Recorder Working Groups
- ISASI - Flight Recorder Working Group
- AIMS Symposium

**Advocacy and Outreach Efforts****Vehicle Recorder Division**

## Advocacy and Outreach Efforts (Continued)

**ICAO Committees **- manuals/oversight
**ECAC conferences** (35 countries with a European regional perspective)*
**ITSA - **Organization of independent, multimodal Safety Boards
**Flight Safety Foundation** -  Seminars
**ISASI - **Annual International Conference
**Individual states** or organizational safety efforts and workshops - by invitation

**Notes:**
Advocacy and Outreach (continued)
Safety Board also participates in several ICAO committees that promote the safety issues of interest to the Board. Recently these groups have worked on an improved accident investigation manual and the topic of ICAO safety oversight inspections.  
ECAC conferences – The European Community Aviation Safety officials meet on a regular basis (35 countries) to discuss regional air safety issues.  The NTSB has observer status at these meetings.  In the November 1999 ECAC initiated governmental planing for a Family Affairs program for air crash response (modeled after the U.S. program).
A regional approach, similar to the ECAC group may be appropriate for the safety efforts in Asia and Far East.  Our Northwest Regional Director in Seattle, Keith McGuire suggests that we entertain this effort with principal investigators later this month while on a mission to Singapore.  Similar regional ideas for accident prevention may be suitable for the Latin American and African areas.  Some of our most knowledgeable, I should say “area knowledgeable” regional staff are here today to discuss these issues.  Although Mr. Prellezo is still convalescing with his new titanium hip in Miami, we have Hector Casanova, Dennis Jones and Mr. McGuire present.  We hope to engage in some discussion of this in a moment.

Also listed on the slide are several additional organizations, ITSA, (International Transportation Safety Association) includes the independent accident investigation authorities of 9 countries.  The organizational goals include sharing accident and investigation techniques and to cement foreign relationships and cooperation before an accident happens. FSF and ISASI also provide the Board with opportunities to further our aviation safety interests.   We participate with these organizations, when personnel can be made available, and we also answer the call for NTSB support to individual states that may wish to promote a safety seminar or workshop.
Also listed on the slide are several additional organizations, ITSA, (International Transportation Safety Association) includes the independent accident investigation authorities of 9 countries.  The organizational goals include sharing accident and investigation techniques and to cement foreign relationships and cooperation before an accident happens. FSF and ISASI also provide the Board with opportunities to further our aviation safety interests.   We participate with these organizations, when personnel can be made available, and we also answer the call for NTSB support to individual states that may wish to promote a safety seminar or workshop.

## Results of Training and Outreach

- Improved bilateral cooperation when an accident occurs
- Egypt, France,United Kingdom, Brazil, China, Taiwan, Singapore, Guatemala*, Mexico
- Quality accident investigations and reports from states former attendees
- Colombia, AA and TAME
- Japan, JAL

## Regional Perspective ofWorld Accident Experience

**United States and Canada ****0.5**

**Latin America and Caribbean ****3.9**

**Africa ****8.3**

**Oceania ****0.3**

**Middle East ****2.1**

**China ****2.6**

**Europe ****0.7**** **

**Accidents per million departures, 1989-1998**

- The Boeing Company - 1999

**Notes:**
Regional Perspective

This graphic, prepared by the Boeing Company, highlights the major differences in accident rates in various parts of the world.  The U.S., Canada, Europe and Oceania are fortunate to have recorded between .3 and .7 accidents per million departures.  On the other hand, Africa’s losses are extremely high, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean, China and the Middle East.  If we view this data as an indicator, or a prediction of where future accidents are likely to occur, then we can expect to see numerous accidents in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, China and the Middle East.

## Forecast of Future Accident Activity

**50**
**45**
**40**
**35**
**30**
**25**
**20**
**15**
**10**
**5**
**0**

**Millions Of Departures**

**Hull Loss Accidents Per Year**

**Hull Loss Accident Rate**

**1965****	****          1975                1985       ****	****       1995****	****              2005****	****   2015****	**

**YEAR**

**DEPARTURES / HULL LOSSES**

- The Boeing Company - 1999

**Notes:**
This Forecast of Future Accident Activity is another graphic, prepared by the Boeing Company engineers.  It is a bit cluttered but there is an important message here.  The left hand scale can be read as either millions of aircraft departures or as hull losses (a euphemism for accidents).  Notice in the lower right that the world’s hull loss accident rate  (in red) has leveled off for the last few years at about 1 loss per million departures.  Also the green line which indicates millions of departures continues to climb.  With a constant accident rate (red line) – and more and more departures (green line) – one can forecast that there will be more accidents per year. Hull losses for the past three years have been about 20 per year.  We can expect that number to increase. 

Also we should consider the number of transport airplanes currently in service.  There are about 14,400.  By 2016 we expect to see about 25,600 airliners operating worldwide.  Again with a constant accident rate (the red line) and more than 10,000 new airliners joining the fleet, we can expect to see an increase in the number of accidents per year. 

## Investigator Staff Time and Travel Expenses

- Per event  _**with foreign travel**_
- 20 staff days and $20,000
- about **20 events per year**
-  about $400,000 annually
- Events _**without travel**_
- about **80 events per year**

**Notes:**
TIME AND TRAVEL

For the past several years the Safety Board has launched on about 20 foreign accidents per year.  Each year we have spent, for travel and per diem, about $400,000 on foreign accident investigations.  

Also, Safety Board staff handles about 80 additional events per year without travel. 

## Family Affairs Assistance

- Foreign Air Carrier Family Support Act-1997
- Coordination Role
- Support Department of State programs

**Notes:**
Family Affairs Assistance

The Foreign Air Carrier Family Support Act of 1997 is the culmination of efforts by several agencies of the U.S. government to extend the support services of our domestic victim assistance plans to better meet the needs of victims and their families that might be involved in an air disaster of international nature. Now international passengers on all airlines serving the U.S. will receive similar protection in case of an accident. Also, ICAO is moving toward international standards to address the needs of air crash victims and their survivors. 

The Coordination Role of our Office of Family Affairs has been tested in real world situations on several recent occasions.  The Swissair MD-11 accident in Canada was a code share flight with Delta airlines. The EgyptAir accident in the North Atlantic and the Korean Air accident in Guam were major tests because of the international passenger list and the diverse cultures.  The Family Affairs personnel have ensured that the surviving family members have been treated with compassion and respect.

Support for the Department of State programs for American Citizens Overseas is readily available.  NTSB Family Affairs personnel recently launched to Tanzania to assist the State Department following the crash of an air tour flight that killed 10 American citizens.  Our personnel were there to assist officials to make proper identification of the victims and to ensure that they were treated with respect.  

## Benefits Derived from Foreign Aircraft Accident Investigations

- Implications for U.S. Aviation Interests
- Identify accident causal factors (Annex 13)
- Airworthiness Responsibilities ( Annex 8)
- Flight Recorders Standards (Annex 6)
- Commercial Impact-Operator/Manufacturer
- Safety Recommendations
- NTSB initiated
- Received from other states
- Implications for traveling public

**Notes:**
The Benefits Derived from Foreign Aircraft Accident Investigations can be viewed in a variety of ways.  Certainly the identification of causal factors and resulting safety recommendations are important to U.S. Aviation Interests.  Equally so is the assurance to the general public that continuing airworthiness responsibilities will receive the necessary emphasis to avoid repeat accidents.  And to facilitate accident  investigations,  the upgrade of international flight recorder standards is an urgent priority. Also, we should recognize the need for complete and accurate investigations regardless of the location of the accident - to satisfy the commercial needs of our airline operators and manufacturers

The Board’s Safety Recommendations program has been well served through participation in international investigations. The factual data needed to form an analysis and conclusions has been made available through a spirit of international cooperation. And many times we have found that other states recommendations have reinforced our safety interests.

Most importantly, we should consider our responsibility for the safety interests of the traveling public.  Their air safety interests and their confidence in commercial air transportation are best served when the Safety Board’s focus and our accident prevention efforts are based on more than our domestic experience; maximum benefit from air safety investigations must be based on a worldwide perspective of accident experience.

## CONCLUSIONS NTSB should be prepared to: 

- Maintain, and to -  increase activity in  international accident investigations
- Promote safety recommendations of an international scope
- Pursue international training academy goals
- Continue outreach efforts with ICAO, ITSA, EUROCAE, Flight Safety Foundation, and regional flight safety initiatives.

**Notes:**
Mr. Chairman, Members, staff offers the following conclusions for discussion.

The Board should be prepared to maintain  - and to increase our level of activity in international investigations to support the confidence of the public in the air transportation system.

The Board needs to promote Safety Recommendations of an international scope, drawn from facts associated with all our international sources.

The Board should pursue international training academy goals that will lead to a worldwide improvement in the quality of air safety investigation. 

The Board should continue outreach efforts with our peers through international organizations to further our own expertise, to build and maintain professional contacts, and to contribute to improved investigations, accident reports and safety recommendations.

## Slide 37

## SIGNIFICANCE OF U.S. GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT

- For  an accident or incident in a foreign state involving civil aircraft of a U.S. operator, or of U.S. registry or manufacture, the state of occurrence is responsible for the investigation. The U.S. Government participates in these investigations through an NTSB appointed Accredited Representative and a team of advisors named by the NTSB

**SIGNIFICANCE OF U.S. GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT**

## FURTHER U.S. INVOLVEMENT

- In accordance with Annex 8, Paragraph 4. Continuing  Airworthiness of Aircraft, the State of Design of an aircraft must maintain a system to_ receive_ airworthiness information from user States, _decide when action is needed_ to maintain continuing airworthiness and the safe operation of the aircraft, and _transmit appropriate information_ to user states. The NTSB Accredited Representative, and advisors from FAA and industry participate in foreign accident investigations to fulfill this obligation and to gain air safety information to protect the traveling public.

**FURTHER U.S. INVOLVEMENT**