# Presentation: 353462

## ILC R&D and Future ILC Plan in Americas 

**ILC R&D and Future ILC Plan in Americas**

- Shekhar Mishra
- Fermilab/ILC-ART/ILC-GDE

## International Spirit

- "One World One Dream" fully reflects the essence and the universal values of the Olympic spirit -- Unity, Friendship, Progress, Harmony, Participation and Dream. It expresses the common wishes of people all over the world, inspired by the Olympic ideals, to strive for a bright future of Mankind. In spite of the differences in colors, languages and races, we share the charm and joy of the Olympic Games, and together we seek for the ideal of Mankind for peace. We belong to the same world and we share the same aspirations and dreams.

- One ILC

- Copyright Beijing Olympics

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## Jet Set: Prof. Shin-ichi Kurokawa

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

-  A true International Sprit for ILC
- ACFA
- ILCSC
- 		Thank You
-  (I Hope you will continue to be around for ILC)

## Outline 

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

-  Introduction
-  American Regional Team
-  ILC Accelerator R&D
-  Polarized Electron Source
-  Positron Source
-  Damping Ring
-  High Level RF
-  Main Linac Cavity and Cryomodule
-  Beam Delivery System
-  Interaction Region
-  ATF-II
-  ESA
-  ILC R&D at TRIUMF
-   Conventional Facility and Site studies
-   ILC Detector R&D
-  International Collaboration
-  Summary

## Americas Regional Team

- The Americas Regional Team (ART) is led by Mike Harrison and US Institutional  Leaders with support from Jerry Blazey at DOE
- A large collaborative effort of US national laboratories:
- FNAL, SLAC, ANL, BNL, Jlab, LBNL, LLNL, LANL, Cornell,...
- And a number of Universities
- TRIUMF (A Canadian Laboratory)
- Exploring several bilateral collaborations
- Focused on ILC R&D and development of the Engineering Design Report
- Strong effort which has grown rapidly over last few years

***Approximate*** US ILC Accelerator and SRF Infrastructure Budgets

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## Americas Level-2 Managers

- The Americas Regional Team (ART) program is constructed with the help of the Level-2 managers who manages the specific programs
- Global Systems		J. Carwardine and R. Larsen
- Electron Source		A. Brachmann and M. Poelker
- Positron Source		J. Sheppard and J. Gronberg
- Damping Rings		A. Jackson and M. Palmer
- RTML and ML BD		P. Tenenbaum and N. Solyak
- Main linac RF		C. Adolphsen and S. Nagaitsev
- Main linac Cavity &	 	S. Mishra, H. Padamse,
- Cryomodule 		J. Mammoser, and M. Kelly
- BDS			A. Seryi and B. Parker
- CFS			V. Kuckler and F. Asiri
- Regional Interest		B. Kephart and E. Paterson

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## Polarized Electron Sources

- Laser components and laser room under development
- Working on robust photo-cathodes for high polarization
- Need laser system to verify charge and current limits with long pulses
- Start polarized gun design in FY08
- Understand high voltageand vacuum performance

- Electron source schematic

- High polarization strain GaAs photo-cathodes

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## Positron Source: FY07

- Led the RDR effort
- Systems design, optics, target, capture, transport
- Analysis of capture efficiency in magnetic optics
- Minimize undulator cost by maximizing capture of produced positrons
- Evaluation of options for OMD
- Analysis of OMD / target interactions
- Target prototype effort with Daresbury
- Eddy current calculations; stress-strain calculations; rotor-dynamic analysis
- Beam loss and collimation simulation
- NC capture structure design and demonstration

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## Positron Source: FY08 Narrowing scope

- UK will take over management of e+ design
- Narrowing scope of US EDR effort
- Many outstanding issues still exist
- Target prototype design
- Capture optics and flux concentrator
- Remote handling design and issues

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## Damping Rings

- Contributing Institutions: Alfred U., ANL, U. of British Columbia, Cornell U., FNAL,
- 	U. of Illinois, LBNL, LLNL, SLAC
- Major Efforts
- Accelerator Design
- Baseline Lattice design and evaluation
- Impedance and Instabilities
- R&D
- Electron Cloud experiments
- Fast High Voltage Pulser and Kickers
- Component and System Engineering
- Vacuum and Magnet Systems design
- Systems Integration
- Test Facilities
- KEK-ATF instrumentation support and experiments at CESR-TA
- Key R&D Results
- Promising results on electron cloud mitigation with coatings and grooved surfaces
- Demonstration of DSRD pulser meeting timing requirements for 3 ns bunch spacing

- DSRD
- Pulser

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## Electron Cloud Studies

- Experiments at PEP-II in FY07 and FY08 will clarify the utility of TiN coatings and longitudinal grooves
- Subsequent experiments at KEK and CESR-TA will study clearing electrodes as well as above techniques with parameters closer to ILC damping rings

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## CESR-TA: Damping Ring Test Facility

| Parameter | Value |
| --- | --- |
| No. of Wigglers | 12 |
| Wiggler Field | 2.1 T |
| Beam Energy | 2.0 GeV* |
| E/E | 8.6 x 10-4 |
| v (geo) target | ~5 – 10 pm |
| h (geo) | 2.3 nm |
| Damping Time | 47 ms |
| Bunch Spacing | 4 ns |
| Bunch Length | 9 mm |

- Bunch-by-bunch,
- Turn-by-turn BPM

- Goal: Provide a vehicle for ILC Damping Rings R&D on the timescale of the EDR.
- 	The primary focus  is to study the impact of the electron cloud on ultra low emittance beams and mitigation methods in a  wiggler-dominated storage ring.

- Witness Bunch
- Measurements –
- EC Tune Shift

- 0.75 mA/bunch e+ @ 1.9 GeV

- *CESR operating range is 1.5-5.5 GeV

- EC Growth and Mitigation Studies
- Probe bunch configurations similar to ILC DR
- Conduct unique studies in high field damping wigglers
- Ultra Low Emittance Operation & Beam Dynamics Studies
- Validate correction algorithms
- Measure and maintain ultra low emittance beams
- Characterize sources of emittance growth in ultra low emittance beams
- Probe species dependent effects
- Deliver design inputs to the ILC EDR

- Baseline Lattice

- R&D
- Plans

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## Main Linac High Level RF

- Development and evaluation of modulators, klystrons, rf distribution, and couplers
- Baseline design is being developed for XFEL at DESY
- Use much of what is done for XFEL although some requirements differ somewhat
- Alternate paths for significant cost reduction and performance improvements being investigated in US
- Marx modulator
- Sheet beam klystron
- Alternate RF distribution
- Incremental improvements

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## Bouncer (Baseline) Modulator

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## Marx Generator Modulator

- Prototype is operating well at 5Hz and ~100 kW

- 120 kV Output Cable

- Buck Regulator

- Coarse
- Vernier
- (3+1 Redundancy)

- 12 kV Cells
- (10+2 Redundancy)

- Fine Vernier

- 100kV; 150A; 5Hz; 100kW.

- Vernier boards to flatten pulse will be testednext month

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## Klystron R&D

- Baseline is 10 MW multi-beam klystron
- Toshiba, Thales, CPI manufacturing horizontal tubes for XFEL
- US will be testing verticalToshiba klystron
- Concerns about industrializing tubesin US
- Sheet Beam Klystrons
- Allows higher beam current (at a given beam voltage) while still maintaining low current density for efficiency
- Will be smaller and lighter than other options
- PPM focusing eliminates power required for solenoid

- Designed to be MBK plug compatible with similar or better efficiency

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## RF Distribution

- Developing improved rf distribution designs to optimize distribution with cavity gradient variation and reduce cost
- To be tested in ILCTA (Fermilab)

- Baseline RF Distribution

- Variable Tap-offs (VTOs)

- 3 dB Hybrids

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## US Cavity Program 

- US Cavity Program

**Number of cavity goal:** Fabricate 1/3 of the Cavity needed for the Global S0 program, with focus on getting US Industry involved and qualified
- FY05
- 4 Cavities from ACCEL (Type-III+ length)
- FY06
- 4 Cavities from AES (Type-III+ length)
- 4 Jlab (2 Fine, 2 Large)
- 9 Cavities from ACCEL (To be delivered by 12/31/07)
- 6 Cavities from AES (To be delivered by 12/31/07)
- FY07
- 12 Cavities (ACCEL) (Mid CY08)
- 12 1-cell Cavities (AES & ACCEL) (AES 9/18/07, ACCEL 12/31)
- FY08-09
- 18 & 48 Cavities (Planned)

- All of these cavities are fine grain Nb and ILC design

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## EP and Vertical Test @ Jlab

**Quench at ~ 42 MV/M**
**but back down to ~32 MV/M**

- EP and Vertical
- Test at TJNL

- FNAL collaborates closely with Jlab on cavity processing
- Jlab modified existing infrastructure for Electropolish, High Pressure Rinse, and Vertical Test of ILC cavities
- Capable of > 40 process and test cycles/yr
- Completed  32 in FY07

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## EP & Vertical Test: Cornell

**ACCEL cavity EP Processed **
**& tested at Cornell**

**Limited by  **
**quench@ 30 MV/M**

**Vertical EP **
**Infrastructure**

**HPR **
**( High Pressure Rinse)**

**Vertical test**

-  New vertical EP R&D infrastructure
-  HPR & Vertical Test of ILC cavities
-  3 ACCEL cavities processed # 5, 8, 9
-  8 process and test cycles in FY07
-  Gradients achieved 24-30 MV/M
-  Limited by quench

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## ART: Cavity Process & VTS Results

**ACCEL (Europe)**

**AES (U.S.)**

**ILC**
**Goal**

**Most cavities, esp U.S. cavities are limited by Quench vs FE**

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## ANL-FNAL Processing Facility

**New Clean Rooms**

**New Chemistry Rooms & EP**

**1****st**** EP Aug 07**
**Single cell**

- Chemistry, Clean rooms, BCP, HPR & EP @ANL: ~ 50 cy/yr

**HPR**

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## New Vertical Test @ FNAL

- Recently commissioned (IB1)
- Existing 125W@ 1.8 K Cryogenic plant
- RF system in collaboration with Jlab
- Capable of testing ~50 Cavities/yr
- Evolutionary upgrades:
- Thermometry for 9-cells, 2 cavities at a time, 2 top plates, Cryo upgrades
- Plan for two additional VTS cryostats
- Ultimate capacity ~ 264 cavity tests/yr

**VTS Cryostat:****IB1**

** ****New RF & Control Room**

**Plan for 2 more **
**VTS pits**

- Nine-cell Tesla-style cavity

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## Horizontal Test System 

- Horizontal Test System

- Dressed cavities are tested with pulsed RF power
- 300 KW klystron & modulator complete and tested
- Extensive MDB cryo modifications 100 W @ 1.8 K
- HTS currently cold & being commissioned with 1st cavity
- Serves as test bed for LLRF, tuner & coupler studies
- Unique capability in Americas: Goal 24 cavity tests/yr

**1****st**** 1.3 GHz Cavity in HTS**

- C22
- Reached
- 17 MV/m

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## T4 Cryomodule 3-D Model

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## Cryomodule Assembly Facility

- Goal: Assemble R&D Cryomodules
- Where:   MP9 and ICB buildings
- MP9: 2500 ft2 clean room, Class 10/100
- Cavity dressing and string assembly
- ICB: final cryomodule assembly
- Infrastructure:
- Clean Rooms, Assembly Fixtures
- Clean Vacuum, gas, water & Leak Check
- DESY Cryomodule “kit” being assembled now

**String Assembly **

**MP9 Clean Room**

**Cavity string for 1****st**** CM**

**ICB clean: Final**
**Assembly fixtures installed**

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## Cryomodule Plan

- 1st Cryomodule (2007)
- Assemble a TESLA TTF type III CM from DESY  “kit”
- Cavities built and fully tested by DESY
- 2nd Cryomodule (2008)
- Also TTF type III cryomodule
- Cavities are processed and tested in the US
- Electropolished and tested at JLAB, Cornell, and ANL/FNAL
- Cryostat and cold mass from Zannon in Europe
- 3rd   Cryomodule (2009)
- 1st type IV ILC cryomodule built anywhere
- Parts built in U.S. industry
- 4th-6th Cryomodules (2010-11)
- Build ILC RF unit in U.S.
- Transfer knowledge gained to Industry
- Develop, build & test basic building blocks of the Main Linac to evaluate main linac cost and reliability issues

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## RF Unit Test Facility (ILCTA)

- Overall Plan
- Build an ILC RF Unit Test Facility at New Muon Lab Building (NML)
- One ILC RF Unit (3 Cryomodules)
- 10-MW RF System
- ILC-like Beam (3.2 nC/bunch @3 MHz, Up to 3000 bunches @ 5Hz, 300-μm rms bunch length)
- Phase-1 (FY07 - FY08)
- Prepare Facility for Testing of First Cryomodule (CM1) without Beam
- Infrastructure, RF Power, controls
- Cryogenics (Refrigerator #1) => reuse of existing TeV refrigerator
- Phase-2 & 3 (FY08 - FY10)
- Install Gun, Injector, CM2 and CM3, Test with Beam
- New RF Gun
- Move A0 Photo-Injector to NML and Install Test Beamlines
- Extend Building to fit Third Cryomodule
- Cryogenics (Refrigerator #2 (existing) and New Cryoplant-300W@2K)
- Upgrade RF System to 10 MW
- FY11 and beyond run ILC RF unit with full ILC parameters

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## ILCTA Layout 

- ILCTA Layout

**40-50 MeV Injector: well characterized beam**
**Low energy test area (e.g. 3.9 GHz Crab cavities) **
**Twin tunnel design to allow 2****nd**** RF unit and to study tunnel layout and maintenance issues**
**New bldg for diagnostics & AARD**
**Also houses new cryo plant**

- Bunch Compressor

- ILC RF unit

- Diagnostics

- Gun

- CC I,II

- Laser

- 3rd har

- Test Area

- Existing Building

- New Building

**New ILC like tunnel**

**2****nd**** ILC RF unit**

- Test Areas

**new 300 W cryo plant**

**RF Equipment**

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## Beam Delivery System

- Design
- Integrate worldwide BDS design efforts, develop EDR plans
- Accelerator & detector physics design
- Address GDE goals on design optimization & cost reduction
- Develop revised IR designs compatible with push-pull
- R&D & Test Facilities (ATF2 and ESA)
- Prototypes and performance enabling hardware
- Long IR magnet prototype, study vibration issues in SC FD
- Study nanometer BPM system at ATF
- ESA experiments on energy spectrometers, collimator wakefields, bunch length diagnostics and  IP feedback
- ATF2 design and construction

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## BDS Layout

- Single IR push-pull BDS, upgradeable to 1TeV CM in the same layout, with additional bends

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## Interaction Region Integration

- (old location)

**Final doublet magnets are grouped into two cryostats, with warm space in between, to provide break point for push-pull**

**ILC detectors assembled on surface, like CMS **

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## IR FD prototype @ BNL

- Preparation for FD prototype: winding machine modifications to accommodate longer coils, integrated coil heater to test quench threshold, engineering integrated design

- Earlier ~foot long prototype of self-shielding BNL quad

- to be prototyped
- during EDR

**coil integrated quench heater**

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## ATF2

**ATF2**

- Scaled down model of ILC final focus

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## ATF-2 Final Focus Test

- Rapid progress being made on infrastructure at KEK
- US is contributing a large number of components and expertise:
- Magnets: dipoles, final quadrupoles, and sextupoles
- Beam line tuning software packages
- High availability power supplies
- ATF damping ring BPMs
- Fast kicker pulsers
- RF bpm electronics
- Magnet movers
- Optics design
- Operational support

- 38 ILC-like HA Power Supplies for ATF2

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## BDS beam tests at ESA

- Runs: three 2-week runs in 2006 & 07;
- request two runs in 2008

-  BPM energy spectrometer (T-474/491)
-  Synch Stripe energy spectrometer (T-475)
-  Collimator design, wakefields (T-480)
-  IP BPMs/kickers—background studies (T-488)
-  EMI (electro-magnetic interference)
-  Bunch length diagnostics (T-487)

- March 7-26, 2007~ 40 participants

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## Energy Spectrometer at ESA

- interferometer

- BPM & SR based
- Interferometer metrology grid for BPMs
- NMR probes in magnets
- 0.5um BPMs with =5mm => 1e-4 energy resolution
- Study calibrations, systematics, stability
- SR version with quartz fiber detector will be used next run

- BPM

- magnet of the chicane

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## TRIUMF SCRF Infrastructure

- RF Measurments

- Boot-up

**Preparation Area**

**Boot Area**

**RF Meas**

**HPWR Rinse Clean Area**

**SCRF Test Clean Area**

- Test Pit

**Clean Assembly Area**

**BCP Chemical Lab**

**RF Controls Lab**

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## TRIUMF 5-Year Plan

- TRIUMF now preparing 5-year plan for Canadian Government for 2010-2015
- Funds allocated in 5-year units
- ILC being discussed on how it might be included in plan
- TRIUMF has signed an umbrella MOU with Fermilab for ILC (draft MOU -- DESY detector)
- Addendum being prepared
- Make three single-cell cavities 1.3 GHz  using multi-grain niobium (electro-polish elsewhere)
- Move towards single crystal large grain version which only needs BCP
- Produce a 1-Cell followed by 9-cell cavity(ies) and qualify PAVAC as an ILC vendor for North America
- University researchers getting involved in SRF

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## Detector R&D Foci at Fermilab

*Slide *

**Detector R&D Foci at Fermilab**

**Development of pixel detector technologies**
** ****State of the SOI (Silicon On Insulator) Pixel Sensors**
**Vertically Integrated (3D) circuits **
**Development of low-mass silicon trackers**
**Hybrid-less silicon tracker design with ****emphasis on tracking in forward region **
**Investigating possibility of double-sided silicon **
**Characterization of Geiger-mode Avalanche Photo Diodes and their application**
**New silicon based photon detection technology **
**Allows highly integrated detector design **
**Studying applicability for calorimetry **
**Applications beyond HEP (medical applications) **
**Test Beam Operation and Instrumentation **
**Availability of beam line for detector tests **
**Upgrading the beam line instrumentation **
- Strip and pixel tracking telescopes with 1 micron pointing resolution
- Particle identification systems
**Software Development **
**Optimization of detector design in various ****software frameworks **
**Study of physics processes **

## Example: Dual Readout Calorimetry

*Slide *

**Example: Dual Readout Calorimetry**

**Study of Total Absorption Dual Readout Calorimeter**
**Dual-Readout: measure every shower twice **
**Scintillation light: from all charged particles  **
**Čerenkov light: ********=1 particles, mainly EM **
**Goal **
**Uniform, integrated electromagnetic and ****hadronic calorimeter**
**High density (~8g/cm****3****), corresponding ****to 6-7 ******** in  a typical ILC calorimeter application **
**Linear response to hadrons and e****-**** (e/h=1)**
**Excellent single particle and jet energy ****resolution  (<25%/sqrt(E)) **
**Primary challenge is crystals for dual readout: ****Scintillator/****Č****erenkov radiator**
- PbWO4, PbF2 doped with scintillator?
- Scintillating glass transparent for Čerenkov?
- Need samples and demonstration of scintillation/Čerenkov light separation using timing and/or wavelength
- Is the Čerenkov/scintillation separation possible with the WLS fiber readout?
- Efficient photodetector for Čerenkov light

**DREAM****200 GeV ******

## International Collaboration

- American Regional Team is collaborating on ILC Cavity and Cryomodule R&D with DESY and KEK.
- We are participating in the S0, S1 and S2 R&D programs
- Finished US Cavity “Tight Loop”
- US purchased/produced cavities will go to KEK and DESY for “Tight Loop” S0 processing
- KEK and DESY cavities will come to US for processing.
- We collaborate with INFN
- Development and testing of Tuner
- Development of Cryomodule
- We are developing new collaboration
- India (RRCAT, BARC, VECC, IUAC, UD)
- Detailed MOU signed for collaboration on Main Linac Cavity and Cryomodule R&D that could lead to an RF unit fabrication
- TRIUMF
- Cavity fabrication
- Tuner
- China, Korea,...

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP

## Summary

- Very strong program across the US covering a broad spectrum of ILC topics
- Led the RDR effort and coordinated many of the Area and Technical Systems
- Strong R&D programs
- Narrowing focus of design efforts during EDR phase as international partners assume larger role
- Will need to re-align programs when actual EDR effort becomes clear
- Rapid buildup of SCRF infrastructure for ILC as well as other future projects using SCRF
- Industrialization process for SCRF components is beginning
- International Collaboration

- CCAST Meeting at IHEP