# Presentation: 716902

## Enabling Technologies for the Wireless InternetDr. Al JavedVice President & Chief Engineer,Wireless SolutionsFCC OET Tutorial November 30, 1999

***Enabling Technologies for the Wireless Internet******Dr. Al Javed******Vice President & Chief Engineer,******Wireless Solutions******FCC OET Tutorial ******N******ovember 30, 1999***

## Outline

***Introduction***
***Market Drivers***
***Wireless Internet Networks***
***Wireless Access Evolution***
***Enabling Technologies***
***Summary****** ***

## Introduction

## Wireless Domains

**Nortel wireless products and networks cover cellular & PCS mobile, fixed broadband, public and private Wireless LAN access**

**Cellular & PCS**
**Mobile Network**

**Wireless LANS**
**Public & Private**

**Home/Office RF**

**Fixed Broadband**
**Wireless Access**

**up to 2-3 Mbps**
**full mobility**
**wide area coverage**
**ATM/IP based networking**
**licensed spectrum**

**- 10 Mbps or greater peak rates**
**- discrete & seamless mobility**
**- local coverage only**
**- IP networking**
**- unlicensed spectrum**

**- up to 10 meter coverage**
**- up to 1 Mbps**
**- interconnecting home/office appliances**
**- IP Networking**
**- unlicensed spectrum**

**10 Mb/s and greater downstream**
**0.5 Mb/s and greater upstream**
**ATM/IP networking**
**licensed spectrum**

## Market Drivers

## Internet Growth Fueled by Wireless

**Source: Nortel Networks**

***Internet Growth Fueled by Wireless***

**0**

**200**

**400**

**600**

**800**

**1000**

**1200**

**1400**

**1600**

**1800**

**2000**

**1997**

**1998**

**1999**

**2000**

**2001**

**2002**

**2003**

**2004**

**2005**

**Wireless**

**Wireline**

**Subscribers (millions)**

**1 Billion**

**Internet**
**(Wireless/Wireline)**

**Notes:**
Wireless is becoming the world’s preferred form of access.
And to think that in 1983 the industry predicted a million subscribers by 2000!  
Global wireless usage soared to 377.2M at end of June 1999 and will reach 470M by end of 1999 (Global Mobile).
Main chart point: exponential growth in the internet penetration will be driven by 2.5G/3G wireless.  
Current prediction for internet penetration is around 500M by 2003 (IDC).
However, if all the wireless networks start upgrading to 2.5G (GPRS and 1XRTT), the growth will accelerate to around 1B by 2003/2004.  
Internet users in the U.S. has just passed the 100M mark (Strategis).
NOTE: Ericsson and Nokia also have a similar view on Internet growth.

## Wireless Internet Forecast - U.S.

- Source: Nortel Networks / Yankee Group Study, August 1999

***Wireless Internet Forecast - U.S.***

- In 5 years:
**50 million wireless****Internet subscribers**
**$6.6 B in Wireless Internet****revenue (annually)**
- 75 percent of Wireless Internet revenue will be driven by wireless access to basic Internet and intranet services
- Additional revenue from access to premium content, enterprise information and communities of interest

***A New Paradigm***

## Wireless Internet Networks

## Next Generation NetworksThe Challenges

- Bandwidth
- The Internet is bandwidth intensive, but even 3G standards will support only up to 384 kbps, far short of the peak data rates and capacities Ethernet, cable or ADSL interfaces can offer
- Reliability
- Radio links are notoriously unreliable and error-prone
- Protocols
- TCP/IP-aware air interface design
- Quality of Service (QoS) control according to service type

## Next Generation NetworksThe Challenges - cont’d

- Mobility
- The Internet is not designed to handle terminals which quickly change their points of attachment
- Terminals
- The network must handle wireless phones and PDAs with limited screen space as well as laptop PCs with wireless modems

## Next Generation NetworksNetwork Architecture

**The Next Generation Network must integrate wireless access, user mobility and Internet technology into a seamless whole**
- Exploit and extend existing IETF protocols and recommendations (RADIUS, IPSec, SIGTRAN, MEGACO, MMUSIC, etc.)
- Design the components so that the network is cost-effective, scalable and carrier-grade
- Make it transport, access and application agnostic:
- The network should run over any transport technology (ATM, Ethernet, etc.)
- Wireless specifics should be hidden in the Radio Access Network (RAN) or behind wireless gateways
- Terminals should be able to interact with any IP-based telephony or data service with the appropriate client software

## Wireless Internet NetworksNetwork Layers

**Mobility**
**Services**
**Layer**

**Radio**
**Access**
**Layer**

**Mobile**
**Terminal**
**Layer**

**Internetworking**
**Layer**

**Local**
**Service**
**Layer**

**Network**
**Service**
**Layer**

**Access**
**Management**
**Layer**

**Access**
**Interface**
**Layer**

**Wireless**
**Interface**
**Layer**

**Mobile**
**Application**
**Layer**

**Internet**

**Wireless**

**PSTN**

## Wireless Access Evolution

## Nortel Networks Air Interface Evolution Path

**1999**

**2000**

**2001**

- GPRS and EDGE
- 1XRTT (CDMA)
**64 - 384 kbps**

- IMT-2000
**144 kbps to > 2 Mbps**

***Nortel Networks Air Interface Evolution Path***

- Circuit Data (GSM / CDMA / TDMA)
- Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD)
- 2 - Way short messaging (SMS)
**9.6 - 19.2 kbps**

## Enabling Technologies

## Enabling Wireless Technologies

***Enabling Wireless Technologies***

**Capacity &**
**Quality**

**Radio Resource**
**Management**

**RF Integrated**
**Circuits**

- •	dynamic range
- • sampling rate
- •	direct conversion

**Fast ADC**
**and DAC**

**Flexibility**
**& Cost**

**•****	****low cost**
**• ****high efficiency**

**Linear Power **
**Amplifiers**

**Flexibility**
**& Cost**

**      ****Wireless IP**
** **Protocol optimization
-    for  wireless
-  Media Access
-    Control

-     **High Performance**
**          ****Low Cost**

- Next Generation
-   High Capacity

**Advanced**
**Code Division**
** ****Multiple Access**

**Software **
**Defined Radio**

- Flexibility
- Time to market
- Cost leadership

**Interference **
**Cancellation **

**System**
**Capacity**

**•**	Co-channel interference
-   canceller
- •	DSP based
- Multi-user detection

** ****Advanced SAW**
** ****RF Integrated Circuit**
** ****Packaging**

**         ****Mobile IP**
** **Routing of IP packets     in mobile environments

-  Media Access Control
-  Intelligent handoff
-  Dynamic Channel Assignment
-  Dynamic Power Control

## Software-Defined Radio

**Speed to market**
**Cost reductions**

***Software-Defined Radio***

**Network****I/F**

**Dup**

**Channel-****izer**

**D/A**

**Upcon-****verter**

**A/D**

**LNA**

**RF/IF**

**Rx  ****Chan**

**Tx ****Chan**

**MCPA**

**Cellsite controller**
**    ****middleware**

**Common****DSP**
**platform**

**Antenna**

**ATM**

**Wideband ****transceiver**

**Interface**

**Interface**

**Interface**

## Adaptive Antennas & Space-Time Coding

**n (=2) Tx Antennas**

**Tx**

**‘****Space-Time Codeword’**

**Source Data Block**

**‘****Intelligent’ Rx**

**Decoded Data Block**

**L Symbols**

**Tx**

**n (=2) Tx antennas**

**System capacity & performance improvements**

## IP Mobility Enabling Technologies

**Network/Access Independent Security & Authentication**
**IPSec, Digital Signatures**
**KENA – Centralized Key Management**
**MIP extensions -> IP Mobility**
- _[aljaved](mailto:aljaved@nortelnetworks.com)__[@nortelnetworks.com](mailto:aljaved@nortelnetworks.com)_
**real time location tracking**
**Real time address resolution**
**Horizontally Integrated Networks**
**IETF**

## Radio Resource Management

- User

- Physical
- Layer

- Higher
- Layers

- Mac/
- Lac

- Layered Structure

- Power Control
- & Smoothing

- Optimize Mapping of Physical Layer Resources to User Requirements

_***Resource***_
_***Pool***_
- e.g.Power,
- Channels,
- Capacity,
- Walsh Codes

- Air Interface

- QoS Control &
- Power Management

- Multimedia Admission Control

- Burst/Packet/Flow
- Control

- Policy Manager:
- Revenue & Fairness

- Measurements

- Packet Routing: Handoff & Mobility

-  Balance subscriber expectations for maximum service quality
-     with operator expectations to maximise revenue
-  Match resource allocation and usage to IP flow requirements
-  Provide QoS levels according to service requirements

## Radio Access Network

***Radio Access Network***

- Radio-Optimized IP Networking
-  Transparent to TCP/IP protocols
-  Enables deployment of IP-based consumer applications in next generation wireless systems
-  Lower cost by reusing wireline IP network elements in wireless access network

**Standards-based IP Networking**
**and Management Technology**

## Technology System Impacts Over The Next 2 Years

***Technology System Impacts Over The Next 2 Years***

**3G will support data rates of 144 kbps, 384 kbps and         2.048 Mbps in vehicular, pedestrian and indoor environments, respectively**
**Provides wireline quality voice, packet data, stream data and multimedia services**
**Expect 2-4 fold capacity increase for voice and corresponding cost reductions, as well as better transmission performance**
**Provides efficient design for packet data**
**Use of a combination of dedicated and shared channels for efficient spectrum utilization**

## Evolution of 3G Mobile Systems 

**Expect 5 - 10 fold increase in peak data rates (to 10 Mbps for nomadic subscribers) and capacity for data services via**
**more advanced system concepts **
**more aggressive use of advanced antenna and space time processing and signal processing such as Multi-User Detection**
**Higher speed Internet access will lead to both improved services and a wider range of new multimedia services**
**Costs will be reduced due to continued application of Moore’s Law and the development of the integrated CMOS radio for subscriber terminals**

## Fixed Wireless Internet Access

**Network Management**

**Subscriber Management**

**CPE**

**RJ-45**

**Layer-3**
**switch ***

**Base Station**

**ATM/FR/IP****Backbone**

**Internet**

- Authentication
- Authorization
- Service package Accounting
- Per subscriber firewall
- VPN origination
- QoS/CoS

- RADIUS AAA
- DNS Server
- DHCP Server
- Address Management

- NMS
- NCS
- Evolution to INM

**BMAN**

**2.5 GHz          MMDS Band**
**3.5 GHz          Licensed Band**
**5.0 GHz          Unlicensed Band**
**24 - 38 GHz    Licensed Bands**

**Current rates : **_**>**_** 10 Mbps Downlink**
**	****      **_**>**_**  0.5 Mbps Uplink**

## Summary

***Summary***

**Fusion of Wireless and the Internet is well underway. Current mobile systems are providing narrowband Internet access**
**The wireless industry is developing harmonized standards for Internet access and targeting higher rate, high efficiency product deployments in the 2000-2002 timeframe**
**These standards exploit new technologies to provide for growth and evolution to extend the full potential of the Internet to the wireless user**
**These technologies will lead to improved performance, capacity and lower cost**

## Enabling Technologies for the Wireless InternetDr. Al JavedVice President & Chief Engineer,Wireless Technology Labs NORTEL NETWORKSNovember 30, 1999

***Enabling Technologies for the Wireless Internet******Dr. Al Javed******Vice President & Chief Engineer,******Wireless Technology Labs ******NORTEL NETWORKS******November 30, 1999***