# Presentation: 915661

## Workshop Agenda

- PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

| Model Overview
 Model history and features
 Computational method
 Trajectories versus concentration
 Code installation
 Model operation
 Example calculations
 Updating HYSPLIT

Meteorological Data
 Data requirements
 Forecast data FTP access
 Analysis data FTP access
 Display grid domain
 Vertical profile
 Contour data
             Examples 1-5
Particle Trajectory Methods
 Trajectory computational method
 Trajectory example calculation
 trajectory model configuration
 Trajectory error
 Multiple trajectories
 Terrain height
  Meteorological analysis along a trajectory
 Vertical motion options | Pollutant Plume Simulations
 Modeling particles or puffs
 Concentration prediction equations
 Turbulence equations
 Dispersion model configuration
 Defining multiple sources
 Simulations using emission grids
 Concentration and particle display options
 Converting concentration data to text files
 Example local scale dispersion calculation
Special Topics
 Automated trajectory calculations
 Trajectory cluster analysis
 Concentration ensembles
 Chemistry conversion modules
 Pollutant deposition
 Source attribution using back trajectory analysis
 Source attribution using source-receptor matrices
 Source attribution functions
 GIS Shapefile output
 KML/KMZ output
 Customizing map labels
 Scripting for automated operations
Extra Topics
 Modeling PM10 emissions from dust storms
 Restarting the model from a particle dump file |
| --- | --- |

## Data Requirements

- PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

- File characteristics and projection
- HYSPLIT requires that meteorological data fields be:
- projected on a conformal map projection (Polar Stereographic, Lambert, or Mercator) or a regular latitude-longitude grid,
- organized with one record per variable per level and all records must have the same record length,
- written in a forward time sequence.
- More details on the format and packing of the meteorological data can be found in the _[HYSPLIT User's Guide](http://www.arl.noaa.gov/data/web/models/hysplit4/win95/user_guide.pdf)_.
- The **\exec** directory contains several command line programs (**chk_data**, **chk_rec**) that can be used to analyze a HYSPLIT compatible meteorological data file.  **chk_file** has been incorporated into a HYSPLIT GUI under the _**Meteorology**_ / _**Display Data**_ menu.

## Data Requirements

- PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

- Running _**Check File**_ prompts the user for the location of a HYSPLIT compatible dataset. (Note: its best to store all HYSPLIT compatible data sets in a directory whose name does not contain spaces as these can sometimes confuse the TCL scripts).

- A sample of section 1 of the full output from _**Check File**_ (**chk_file**) is shown (right) for the 12 km NAM forecast file from December 19, 2005, 1200 UTC. (Note: the source code for **chk_file** can be found in **\examples\source** and can be used to develop other programs that need to read the meteorological data).

## Data Requirements

- PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

**Meteorological Variables**
- A _[unique 4-character string ](http://www.arl.noaa.gov/workshop/Spring2007/HTML_Docs/meteoreq_files/flddesc.html)_identifies meteorological variables.
- Minimum requirements to run the model are the U and V wind components (*UWND*, *VWND*), ambient temperature (*TEMP*), height (*HGTS*) of the data level (if on pressure coordinates), and the surface pressure (*PRSS*).
- A sample extract of section 2 of the **chk_file** program is shown below for the NAM 12 km dataset for levels between the surface and 925 hPa.

- Index     Level  #     Variable listing and checksum values.....
-    5        925.0000    7   UWND 108  VWND 236  HGTS 230  TEMP 123  WWND  82  RELH  20 TKEN  47
-    4        950.0000    7   UWND 147  VWND 129  HGTS 103  TEMP  89  WWND 155  RELH 121 TKEN  86
-    3        975.0000    7   UWND  47   VWND 209  HGTS 178  TEMP 193  WWND 125  RELH 252 TKEN  82
-    2      1000.0000    7   UWND  49   VWND 234  HGTS 138  TEMP 124  WWND 234  RELH  62 TKEN 198
-    1            0.0000  14   SHGT 101   MSLP 235   TPP3 184    CPP3 184  T02M 215    RH2M  41 U10M 119
-                                      V10M 212   PRSS  53    LHTF 120    SHTF 206  USTR 215   RGHS 177 DSWF 194

## Data Requirements

- PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

-      **Data Records**
- Each data record is composed of a 50 byte ASCII header portion, describing the data packing, followed by the packed data of length (I*J bytes).
- One-byte per element “difference packing” is used for all data fields.
- The first data record (*INDX*) of each time period contains information on the variables, levels, grid, and checksums to follow.
- An extract of the final section from ***chk_file***  is shown below for the NAM 12 km data set.

**Definitions:**
- YYMMDDHH = date/time (UTC)
- FH	= forecast hour
- LL	= vertical level
- GG	= grid number
- FLD	= field label
- EXP	= scaling exponent
- PREC	= precision of packed data
- VAR(1,1)	= data value at (1,1)

- #  YYMMDDHHFHLLGG	FLD	EXP	PRECISION	VAR(1,1)
-      1   5121912 0 099	INDX   	 0 	0.0000000E+00 	0.0000000E+00
-      2   5121912 0 099	SHGT  	11 	0.8062992E+01 	0.0000000E+00
-      3   5121912 0 099	MSLP  	 4 	0.6299213E-01 	0.1016970E+04
-      4   5121912 0 099	TPP3   	  1 	0.7874016E-02 	0.0000000E+00
-      5   5121912 0 099	CPP3  	  1 	0.7874016E-02 	0.0000000E+00
-      6   5121912 0 099	T02M   	  4 	0.6299213E-01 	0.2983304E+03
-      7   5121912 0 099	RH2M   	  6 	0.2519685E+00 	0.8621770E+02
-      8   5121912 0 099	U10M   	  4 	0.6299213E-01	-0.7976649E+01
-      9   5121912 0 099	V10M   	  4 	0.6299213E-01 	0.1462120E+01
-     10   5121912 0 099	PRSS   	  7 	0.5039370E+00 	0.1017162E+04
-     11   5121912 0 099	LHTF   	   9 	0.2015748E+01	-0.1431365E+03
-     12   5121912 0 099	SHTF   	   9 	0.2015748E+01	-0.1035156E+02
-     13   5121912 0 099	USTR 	-25 	0.1173320E-09 	0.1000000E+00
-     14   5121912 0 099	RGHS  	  -2 	0.9842520E-03 	0.1590000E-04
-     15   5121912 0 099	DSWF   	   7 	0.5039370E+00 	0.0000000E+00
-     16   5121912 0 199	UWND   	   4 	0.6299213E-01	-0.9166061E+01
-     17   5121912 0 199	VWND   	   4 	0.6299213E-01 	0.1795837E+01
-     18   5121912 0 199	HGTS   	   5 	0.1259843E+00 	0.1470268E+03
-     19   5121912 0 199	TEMP   	   4 	0.6299213E-01 	0.2967743E+03
-     20   5121912 0 199	WWND  	  -6 	0.6151575E-04 	0.8997059E-03
-     21   5121912 0 199	RELH   	    6 	0.2519685E+00 	0.8856895E+02
-     22   5121912 0 199	TKEN   	   4 	0.6299213E-01 	0.5000000E+00
-     23   5121912 0 299	UWND   	   4 	0.6299213E-01	-0.9460953E+01
-     24   5121912 0 299	VWND   	   4 	0.6299213E-01 	0.1790451E+01
-     ........

## Forecast Data FTP Access

- PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

**Forecast Data**
- There are 2 options under the **Forecast Data FTP** menu tab for retrieving forecast meteorological data in HYSPLIT compatible format: **ARL Current** and **ARL ASEAN**.  **ARL Current** will be discussed in the next slide.  **ARL ASEAN **is an extract of the current GFS forecast over the southeast Asia region.  All meteorological data are retrieved from the Air Resources Laboratory's  FTP server**.**
- Only the most recent forecast run (cycle) is available for each meteorological model.  The menu option to **Set Server** allows the user to modify the location of the ftp servers used by the HYSPLIT GUI and the menu **User Defined**, used in conjunction with the **Set Server** option, allows the user to define other meteorological data sets for use from other FTP servers.

## Forecast Data FTP Access

- PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

**ARL Current**
- The forecast data on the ARL server covers 3 domains:
- _North America_
- 	* **NAM** (North American Mesoscale - 12 and 40 km and Alaska),
- 	* **RUC** (Rapid Update Cycle - 20 km),
- 	* **AFWAMM5** (Air Force Weather Agency MM5 - 15 and 45 km).
- _N and S Hemispheres on polar-stereographic grids_
- 	* **GFS-NH** (Global Forecast System - northern hemisphere),
- 	* **GFS-SH** (Global Forecast System - southern hemisphere),
- _Global latitude-longitude grids_
- 	* **GFS** - 1 degree, 3 hourly to +3.5 days,
- 	* **GFSX** - 1 degree, 6 hourly to +7.5 days,
- 	* **GFSLR** - 2.5 degree, 12 hourly from +8 to +16 days.

- Prior to selecting **Get Data File**, a valid Email address should be entered into the password field.  A percent complete message will appear indicating the FTP is in progress.  Another message will appear when the FTP process is complete.  More information on the forecast meteorological data can be found on the _[READY website](http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/metdata.html)_.

## Analysis Data FTP Access

- PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

**Analysis Data FTP**
- There are 3 options under the **Analysis Data FTP** menu tab for retrieving analysis meteorological data in HYSPLIT compatible format from the ARL FTP server.
**ARL Current** - a blend of initialization and short-term forecast data from the NAM or GFS over the past 2 days
**ARL Archive** - longer term archives (discussed in more detail on the next slide)
**Reanalysis** - access to monthly 2.5 degree NCAR/NCEP files from 1948 to end of last year
**Set Server** - modify the location of the ftp servers used by the HYSPLIT GUI.

## Analysis Data FTP Access

- PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

**ARL Archive**
- The data on the ARL server covers 4 geographic domains: the **EDAS/NAM** for North America, the **GFS** final analysis (**FNL**) for the northern and southern hemispheres, and the **GDAS** for the globe.
- The **EDAS** (now called **NDAS**) is available on a reduced resolution (80 km) grid prior to January 2004. Thereafter, the **EDAS** is available only at the 40 km spatial resolution.
- The **NAMs** is a daily high-resolution (12 km, sigma level) “analysis” made from the daily forecasts.
- The **EDAS** and **FNL** files are selected according the to year and half-month (001 for days 1 to 15 and 002 for days 16 to the end).
- The **GDAS** files are weekly with the week of the month represented by numbers 1 to 5.

- Prior to selecting **Get Data File**, a valid Email address should be entered into the password field.  A percent complete message will appear indicating the FTP is in progress. Another message will appear when the FTP process is complete.

## Display Data Menu

- PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

- There are four options under the **Display Data** menu tab:
**Check File** - display information about meteorological data set (discussed previously),
**Contour Map** - contour and map meteorological data fields,
**Text Profile** - a vertical profile text listing of all meteorological variables at a selected point,
**Grid Domain** - a map of the spatial domain of the meteorological data set grid.

## Meteorological Grid Domain

- PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

**Grid Domain**
**Grid Domain** creates a Postscript graphic of the meteorological data set domain, which can be useful to determine the area covered by a data set.
- The domain can be displayed by selecting a meteorological data file.  In the example below, the 40 km lambert-conformal projection of the NAM model was chosen. (keep data files in a directory without spaces in the name).
- For this example, every fourth grid point is displayed (set the **grid point plotting interval** to 4) and latitude-longitude lines are drawn every 5 degrees (set **lat-lon interval** to 5).

## Convert PostScript

- PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

- Under the **Meteorology**, **Trajectory**, and **Concentration** menus there is a submenu item called **Utility Programs**. Utility programs that are specific to each main menu reside in this submenu. In every **Utility Program** sub-menu there is a program called **Convert Postscript** that can be used to convert the Postscript graphic into other graphic formats such as gif, jpg, bmp, etc.
- The **Convert Postscript** menu will display the last created Postscript filename.  If this is not the desired graphic to convert, it should be replaced with the appropriate name. The output file extension (gif, jpg, bmp, etc) represents the conversion format. The conversion process uses *Ghostscript* to read the Postscript file and *ImageMagick* to convert that file to a variety of other supported formats (conversion to gif is the default). The slider bar determines the size of the output graphic in pixels per inch. The checkboxes permit the creation of a multiframe animation in one file or multiple output files if the "Frames" option has been checked. The "Crop" option eliminates the white space around the graphic. However this option may produce inconsistent results in conjunction with the animation feature.

## Vertical Meteorological Profile

- PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

- The **Text Profile** program creates a simple text based listing of the meteorological data vertical profile at a selected latitude-longitude point.  In this example (right), the NAM 40km data set was selected with default values for offset and increment (zeros indicate that only the first time period is displayed).  The profile location was chosen at 40N, 90W.
- The data are shown for the nearest grid point location (no temporal or spatial interpolation). The location grid index (I,J) is indicated in parenthesis next to the lat-lon position.  The first row shows the surface variables.  Subsequent rows show the upper-level data, in this case by pressure level. The leftmost columns show the data directly from the file, while on the right side ambient temperatures have been converted to potential temperature and wind components have been rotated from the native grid to true compass direction.  In this case they are almost identical because the location chosen was near the center of the grid.  The leftmost coordinate is pressure as taken from the index (INDX) record.  In other coordinate systems the program computes a height. This program can be useful in validating the data when investigating a problem with a HYSPLIT calculation.

## Contour Meteorological Data

- PC-HYSPLIT WORKSHOP

**    ****Contour Map**
- Creates a Postscript graphic of a meteorological variable on a horizontal map.
- In this example (right) the NAM 40 km data set was chosen with default values for **Time offset** and **Time increment**. (Zeros indicate only the first time period is to be displayed.)
- Zeros for **Map center** location sets the default map to be the center of the data grid; (40N, 90W in this example.
- Negative values for the **Contour maximum** and **Delta** force the automatic contour scaling.
- All possible meteorological variables are NOT shown, nor may a data file contain all the variables in the selection list.  More options are available from the command line version of the program called *display.exe*.
- In this example, wind velocity vectors were plotted for data level 2 (1000 hPA).
- Velocity vectors are shown at every grid point over the domain selected for display; in this case a map with a **Radius** of 5 degrees latitude.
- The “11” in parenthesis after the variable symbol “VECT” indicates that the maximum wind speed vector on the map was 11 m/s.