# Presentation: 547204

## Simulator Status,FAA WJ Hughes Technical Center

- Completed since the April 1999, Seattle meeting :
- Simulator Inlet :
- A 22 foot long, 22 inch diameter inlet duct has been installed to feed the blower
- Transducer to measure airflow installed
- hot wire anemometer in duct center line
- treat inlet flow as "classic" parabolic distribution and derate velocity by 10% to determine mass flow rates
- calibration curve still being worked out
- Air flow heating :
- core heating assembly installed
- in-line duct heaters are wired
- locked out, not serviceable
- incorrect part installed; replacement expected within the week
- On-going :
- hot plates
- ALL hot plate materials on-site
- assembly for plate #1 completed this week
- plate #2 expected by the end of October
- will require testing exterior to the simulator prior to placement (control software and final assembly validation)
- dry ice; looking to produce on-site
- Work to date :
- hot-agent simulant work
- developing/learning simulator procedures and behavior

## High Bypass Ratio Turbofan Simulator - Core Heating Impact on ByPass Air Flow

## HFC-125 Distribution Comparison, Simulator Environment, 30Jul99

- HFC-125 Distribution Comparison, Average Distribution Comparisons, 30Jul99

## HFC-125 - h125.99.730.02.hot.c

- HFC-125 - h125.99.730.05.ambient.c

- Bottle volume               = 600 in^3
- Agent weight                = 5.44 lbf
- Agent storage pressure = 650 psig
- Agent storage temp      = 200 °F
- Air flow temp               = 92°F
- Air flow                        = 4.3 lbm/s

- Bottle volume               = 600 in^3
- Agent weight                = 5.44 lbf
- Agent storage pressure = 650 psig
- Agent storage temp      = 200 °F
- Air flow temp               = 215°F
- Air flow                        = 3.5 lbm/s

## Simulating the Distribution of Halon 1301 in an Aircraft Engine Nacelle with HFC-125

**1994-1995. Actions sought to minimize the release of Halon 1301 unnecessarily**
**DoD (U.S. Navy) sponsors work through the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to develop or discover a simulant for Halon 1301 for use in nacelle discharge testing**
**The cumulative effort also involves Boeing, Walter Kidde Aerospace (WKA), and Shorts Brothers, PLC**
**NIST reviewed existing material data bases for materials having :**
**characteristics commensurate with the application of nacelle discharge testing**
**characteristics comparable to Halon 1301 during discharge in this application**
**Jakob number**
**Saturated vapor pressure**
**Experimental history**
**Atmospheric lifetime (ODP and ALT)**
**3 candidates selected :**
**CHClF****2**
**SF****6**
**C****2****HF****5**** (HFC-125, pentafluoroethane)**

## Simulating the Distribution of Halon 1301 in an Aircraft Engine Nacelle with HFC-125

**Field Work :**
**NIST**
**USN, WKA on the F-18**
**Boeing on the Pratt and Whitney PW 4084 on the B777 airframe**
**Shorts Brothers, PLC on the Allied Signal TFE731-40 on the IAI Astra SPX airframe**
_**Conclusions :**_
_**HFC-125 most effectively simulates a Halon 1301 discharge in these applications**_
_**US military specification Mil-E-22285 edited to reflect such procedures**_
**Additional field work, April 1998.**
**FAA personnel assisting USN on agent distribution within the F-18 nacelle**
**As courtesy to the FAA, a simulant test pair is run**
**Results reflect previous results**
**Historical review indicates overdesign far outweighs the delta found between agents in the simulation**
**FAA publishes technical note on the concept**
**Qualitative discussion regarding limitations :**
**the simulation appears to be sensitive to the ventilation rate of the compartment; compare cargo and nacelle environments (forced vs. natural/gravitationally driven ventilation)**
**recent work at the FAATC indicates agent temperature  likely plays a role in the simulation effectiveness**

## Simulating the Distribution of Halon 1301 in an Aircraft Engine Nacelle with HFC-125

**Procedures.**
**Agent Storage :**
**Calculate/determine required weight of Halon 1301 for application**
**multiply desired Halon 1301 weight by 0.77 to determine the required weight of HFC-125 for the simulation**
**load and superpresurize with N****2**** as would be done for the design Halon 1301 bottle**
**cold soak the bottle**
**perform test**
**Halonyzer operation :**
**the analyzer is configured for HFC-125**
**capture the simulant test with the HFC-125 calibration curve as the analyzer reference**
**compare results to the certification criteria of Halon 1301**
**determine success or failure**
**NOTE : This procedure is not intended to provide a method to determine a weight of HFC-125 for fire  suppression purposes. This process delineates a method to use HFC-125 in a manner which would reasonably simulate the discharge of Halon 1301 in an aircraft engine nacelle from a gaseous distribution perspective.**

## Simulating the Distribution of Halon 1301 in an Aircraft Engine Nacelle with HFC-125

**References.**
- Kaufmann, K. J., Miller, M. P., Wozniak, G., and Mitchell, M.D., 1995, "Results of Halon 1301 and HFC-125 Concentration Tests on a Large Commercial Aircraft Engine Installation," *International Halon Replacement Working Group Minutes*, United States Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, W.J. Hughes Technical Center, Atlantic City, NJ.
- Ingerson, D. A., "Simulating the Distribution of Halon 1301 in an Aircraft Engine Nacelle with HFC-125," DOT/FAA/AR-TN99/64, United States Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, W.J. Hughes Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ.
- Military Specification MIL-E-22285(AS), Amendment 3, 1996, "Extinguishing System, Fire, Aircraft, High-Rate-Discharge Type. Installation and Test of," United States Department of Defense, Department of the Navy, Naval Air Systems Command, Washington, D.C.
- Mitchell, M. D., 1994, "Methodology for Halon 1301 Simulant Testing and Concentration Equivalence Verification," Report No. R-5102,  Kidde Technologies, Wilson, NC.
- Mitchell, M. D., 1995, "Full Scale Halon Simulant Testing of F-18D Aircraft Using Bromotrifluoromethane and Pentafluoroethane," Report No. R-5127, Kidde Technologies, Wilson, NC.
- Riordan, D., 1995, "Engine Fire Extinguisher Agent Concentration Testing," *International Halon Replacement Working Group Minutes*, United States Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, W.J. Hughes Technical Center, Atlantic City, NJ.
- Womeldorf, C. A., Grosshandler, W. L., 1995, "Selection of a CF3Br Simulant for Use in Engine Nacelle Certification Tests," *Fire Suppression System Performance of Alternative Agents in Aircraft Engine and Dry Bay Laboratory Simulations*, SP890, Vol. 2, p.591-621, National Institutes of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.

## Simulating the Distribution of Halon 1301 in an Aircraft Engine Nacelle with HFC-125, Historical Example of Overdesign

- Lockheed C-140 Jet Star Concentration Profile at N1 = 78%
- (Sommers, 1970, p. 34)

## Simulating the Distribution of Halon 1301 in an Aircraft Engine Nacelle with HFC-125, Historical Example of Overdesign

- General Dynamics F/EF-111 Agent Concentration Profile for Test 1301-8 (Chamberlain and Boris, 1988, p.57)

## Halon 1301 - h1301.99.923.01.c

- HFC-125 - h125.99.927.01.c

- Bottle volume               = 600 in^3
- Agent weight                = 7.59 lbf
- Agent storage pressure = 400 psig
- Agent storage temp      = 100 °F
- Air flow temp               = 71°F
- Air flow                        = 2.3 lbm/s

- Bottle volume               = 600 in^3
- Agent weight                = 5.89 lbf
- Agent storage pressure = 400 psig
- Agent storage temp      = 100 °F
- Air flow temp               = 75°F
- Air flow                        = 2.3 lbm/s

## HFC-125 - h125.99.930.03.c

- Halon 1301 - h1301.99.930.02.c

## Halon 1301 - h1301.99.a07.01.c

- Bottle volume               = 300 in^3
- Agent weight                = 4.25 lbf
- Agent storage pressure = 400 psig
- Agent storage temp      = 100 °F
- Air flow temp               = 63°F
- Air flow                        = 2.3 lbm/s

- HFC-125 - h125.99.a07.02.c

- Bottle volume               = 300 in^3
- Agent weight                = 3.28 lbf
- Agent storage pressure = 400 psig
- Agent storage temp      = 100 °F
- Air flow temp               = 64°F
- Air flow                        = 2.3 lbm/s

## Halon 1301 - h1301.99.a07.04.c

- Bottle volume               = 300 in^3
- Agent weight                = 4.40 lbf
- Agent storage pressure = 400 psig
- Agent storage temp      = 100 °F
- Air flow temp               = 64°F
- Air flow                        = 2.3 lbm/s

- HFC-125 - h125.99.a07.03.c

- Bottle volume               = 300 in^3
- Agent weight                = 3.39 lbf
- Agent storage pressure = 400 psig
- Agent storage temp      = 100 °F
- Air flow temp               = 64°F
- Air flow                        = 2.3 lbm/s

## HFC-125 - h125.99.a06.02.c

- Halon 1301 - h1301.99.a06.04.c

- Bottle volume               = 300 in^3
- Agent weight                = 3.08 lbf
- Agent storage pressure = 400 psig
- Agent storage temp      = 100 °F
- Air flow temp               = 70°F
- Air flow                        = 2.3 lbm/s

- Bottle volume               = 300 in^3
- Agent weight                = 4.00 lbf
- Agent storage pressure = 400 psig
- Agent storage temp      = 100 °F
- Air flow temp               = 70°F
- Air flow                        = 2.3 lbm/s

## HFC-125 - h125.99.a06.03.c

- HFC-125 - h125.99.a06.01.c

- Bottle volume               = 300 in^3
- Agent weight                = 3.08 lbf
- Agent storage pressure = 400 psig
- Agent storage temp      = 100 °F
- Air flow temp               = 70°F
- Air flow                        = 2.3 lbm/s

- Bottle volume               = 300 in^3
- Agent weight                = 3.08 lbf
- Agent storage pressure = 400 psig
- Agent storage temp      = 100 °F
- Air flow temp               = 66°F
- Air flow                        = 2.3 lbm/s