# Presentation: 224045

## Current Proton Driver Activities in the Accelerator Division

**Accelerator Physics and Technology Seminar**
**Bob Webber****February 2, 2006**

## In Memoriam

**V = i * R**

- Quentin Kerns

## What is this Proton Driver?

**8 Gev Superconducting Linac**
- To provide basis for ILC Test Facility
- Main Linac Prototype
- 4-5 GeV Electron source for Damping Ring R&D
- To serve as high intensity source of protons for Main Injector Neutrino Physics programs

## What Makes It Unique?

**High speed (nsec) beam chopping at 2.5MeV**
**Spoke resonators and solenoidal focusing in room temperature section**
**Low transition energy to superconducting accelerating structures (10 MeV) **
**Superconducting spoke resonator RF structures in low beta sections**
**ILC cavities and cryostats for beta=1 section**
**Large number of cavities driven by few high power klystrons**

## ILC LINAC

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- Modulator

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- Modulator

- 36 Cavites / Klystron

**ILC LINAC**

*8 Klystrons*
*288 Cavities in 36 Cryomodules *

- 1300 MHz  β=1

**β****<1**** LINAC**

- 2 Klystrons
- 42 Triple Spoke Cavities
- 7 Cryomodules* *

- 1300 MHz     0.1-1.2 GeV

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- Modulator

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- Modulator

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- Modulator

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- Modulator

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- Modulator

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- Modulator

- 10 MW
- TESLA
- Multi-Beam
- Klystrons

- 48 Cavites / Klystron

- β=.81

- Modulator

- β=.81

- β=.81

- β=.81

- β=.81

- β=.81

- 8 Cavites / Cryomodule

**0.5 MW Initial **
**8 GeV Linac**

- 11  Klystrons  (2 types)
- 449 Cavities
- 51  Cryomodules

**“****PULSED RIA”**
- Front End Linac
**325 MHz**
**0-110 MeV**

- H-

- RFQ

- MEBT

- RTSR

- SSR

- DSR

- Single
- 3 MW
- JPARC
- Klystron

- Multi-Cavity Fanout at 10 - 50 kW/cavity
- Phase and Amplitude Control w/ Ferrite Tuners

- DSR

- TSR

- Modulator

- TSR

- TSR

- TSR

- TSR

- TSR

- Modulator

**10 MW**
**TESLA**
**Klystrons**

## Proton Driver Layout on Site

## Proton Driver Information

**Project Site:**
**     **_**[http://protondriver.fnal.gov](http://protondriver.fnal.gov/)**_
**Design Study (Draft, 215 pg.) ********     **
**	**_**[http://protondriver.fnal.gov/SCRF_PD_V56.doc](http://protondriver.fnal.gov/SCRF_PD_V56.doc)**_
**Director’s Review:**
_**[http://www.fnal.gov/directorate/DirReviews/Dir'sRev_TechnicalReviewoftheProtonDriver_0315.html](http://www.fnal.gov/directorate/DirReviews/Dir'sRev_TechnicalReviewoftheProtonDriver_0315.html)**_

## Why Am I Talking About It?

**Bill Foster convinced Roger Dixon that, as of December 1, I should be replaced as Head of the Instrumentation Department **
**(****I hadn’t known that Bill was so concerned about the Instrumentation Department!)**
**I am now assigned to organize and lead Proton Driver efforts within the Accelerator Division**

## Proton Driver Activity Organization

** ****Document the Technical Design & Cost**
**	****(J. Kerby, Project Office)**

** ****Document the Technical Design & Cost**
**    ****(R. Webber, Accelerator Systems)**

##  Document the Technical Design & Cost

** ****Document the Technical Design & Cost**
**   ****(G. Apollinari, Beamline Components**

## Three Main Foci at this Time

**Machine Design and Baseline**
- Technical Baseline (linac, transport line, injection, acceleration, targetry)
- Cost Range
**Meson Area Front-End Test R&D Program**
- Beam test of RF Power Split w/Ferrite Vector Modulators
- First beam through SRF Spoke Resonators
**Main Injector at Proton Driver Intensities**
- Impedance calculations, measurements
- New MI RF Cavity Prototype (*Inter-Lab Collaboration?*)
- Beam demonstrations (fast ramping, RR stacking, e-cloud, etc.)
- Upgrade system designs (momentum collimation, gamma-T, etc.)
**Remainder of this talk will focus on Accelerator Division activities in support of items 1 and 2 **
**Alberto Marchionni is leading efforts for item 3**

## Meson Test Facility Objectives

**Provide 325 MHz power test facility**
**Provide 325 MHz superconducting resonator test cryostat**
**Construct and operate 10 MeV room temperature Linac section**
- To demonstrate high power RF distribution and vector modulator control of multiple cavities with one klystron
- To demonstrate performance of solenoidal focusing low energy linac
**Construct and operate 325 MHz superconducting spoke resonator Linac sections up to ~100 MeV **
- To demonstrate spoke resonator performance with beam and 3ms beam pulse length

## 325 MHzFront-EndLinac

- 325 MHzFront-EndLinac

- 325 MHz Klystron – Toshiba E3740A  (JPARC)

- 115kV Pulse Transformer

**Modulator**
- Capacitor / Switch / Bouncer

- Charging
- Supply

- RFQ

- MEBT

- SCRF Spoke
- Resonator
- Cryomodules

- RF
- Distribution
- Waveguide

- Ferrite
- Tuners

- Single Klystron
- Feeds SCRF Linac
- to E > 100 MeV

## Meson Floor Plan

## Cleared Area for Proton Driver in Meson

## Pulse Transformer in Meson

## 325 MHz Klystron

**Toshiba E3740A**
**325 MHz    3 MW**

**From: Alfred Moretti [**_[mailto:moretti@fnal.gov](mailto:moretti@fnal.gov)_**]**
**Sent: Tuesday, January 31, 2006 12:18 AM**
**To: gwf@fnal.gov**
**Subject: Fwd: Japan visit schedule Jan. 30-Feb. 2**
**Bill, The tube is great; it was tested to our long pulse length and pulse rates requirements.**

**1.6 m**

**5 m**

## RFQ SPEC in Procurement

| Operating Frequency | 325 MHz at nominal RF power and 27C ambient temp. |
| --- | --- |
| Input Energy | 50  keV |
| Output Energy | 2.5 MeV |
| Output Current (max) | 40 mA |
| Pulse Parameters |  |
| Initial operation:    | 3 msec x 2.5 Hz @ 13 mA   (duty factor 0.75%) |
| Final  operation:    | 1 msec x  10 Hz @ 40 mA   (duty factor 1 %) |
| Input Transverse Emittance | 0.24 p mm-mrad  RMS Normalized |
| Output Transverse Emittance | 0.26 p mm-mrad  RMS Normalized |
| Output Longitudinal Emittance | Less than 150 π keV deg, rms |
| Output Twiss parameters | Axisymmetric:  βx=βy , αx=αy equal within +/-10%  |
| Acceleration Efficiency | > 85% of incoming beam exits at >99% nominal energy |
| Power Consumption (max) | 450 kW(structure) + 100 kW (beam) |
| Cooling Fluid Input Temp. | 32 degrees Celsius |
| Sparking Rate | < 10-4 sparks/pulse |
| Design Lifetime | 20 years  |
| X-Ray Emission | Less than 5 mrem/h |

## 325 MHz SRF Spoke Resonators 10-400 MeV

**Well Developed Technology for RIA, APT, TRASCO...**
**Simulations indicate excellent beam dynamics**
**	******** ****Never yet tested with beam**
**Runs Pool-Boiling at 4.5K – Simple Cryosystem**
**R&D Demonstration (SMTF):  **
**	******** ****beam properties with pulsed operation.**

## Meson Schedule 2006

**325 MHz klystron delivery**
- March 2006
**Modulator completion **
- April 2006
**325 MHz RF power system commissioning**
- May 2006
**325 MHz Test Cryostat (now in final design) delivery**
- August 2006
**RFQ (now in procurement) delivery and power testing**
- October 2006
**2.5 MeV tests**
- November 2006
**325 MHz SC spoke resonator test in test cryostat**
- November 2006

## Klystron Modulator

**Dan Wolff, Howie Pfeffer, Chris Jensen et al.**

## Modulators

## Modulator Choke

- A modulator ahead of it’s time!

## Ferrite Vector Modulator R&D

**Dave Wildman, Ding Sun, Iouri Terechkine, Steve Hays, Brad Claypool, etc.**
**Provides fast, flexible drive to ****individual cavites**** of a proton linac,  when using an ILC style fanout, 1 klystron feeds multiple cavities. Also needed if Linac alternates between e- and P.**
**Coaxial at 325 MHz, either coaxial or waveguide at 1.3 GHz**
*Making this technology work is important to the financial feasibility of the 8 GeV Linac and potentially to ILC.*

## 325 MHz RF System

- M

- Pulse Transformer& Oil Tank

- IGBT Switch & Bouncer

- CAP
- BANK

- 10 kV

- 110 kV

- Charging
- Supply
- 300kW

**MODULATOR:**  FNAL/TTF Reconfigurable for 1,2 or 3 msec beam pulse

**Single **
**Klystron**
**325MHz**
**3 MW**

- WR2300 Distribution Waveguide

- TOSHIBA  E3740A

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- E

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- B

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- T

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- R F Q

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- Cables to
-  Tunnel

- Fast Ferrite
- Isolated I/Q Modulators

- RF Couplers

- S

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- S

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- R

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- S

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- S

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- R

**I**
**Q**
**M**

**400kW**

**20 kW**

- D

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- S

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- R

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- D

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- S

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- R

**I**
**Q**
**M**

**120 kW**

**10kV**

**H-**

- Medium Energy
- Beam Transport
- Copper Cavities

**Radio Frequency**
**Quadrupole**

**Cryomodule #1              Single-Spoke**
**Resonators**

**Cryomodule #2 Double-Spoke**
**Resonators**

**20 kW**

## I/Q modulator box (stripline structure)

- Box size: 24” x 20”

## Prototype Circulator

## Ding Sun’s Hybrid Prototype

## Dave Wildman’s Coaxial Phase Shifter

- Coax design  is preferred
-   at 325MHz
-  In-house design   tested to 660kW  at 1300 MHz
-  Tested at 300 kW  at Argonne with APS 352MHz Klystron
-  Fast coil and flux  return should  respond in ~50us

## High Power Ferrite Modulator Test at FNAL

- 1300 MHz Klystron
- T = 250 μsec
- F = 5 Hz

**Existing A0 Klystron was used for testing**

- Waveguide Version

## HPVM Driver

## Transfer Line and MI Injection Design

**Dave Johnson and Dixon Bogert**
- Following work by others for previous Proton Driver efforts

## H- transport line and Main Injector injection 

**Refinement and Optimization of work by A. Drozhdin, W. Chou, and others on the H****-**** transport line and Main Injector injection which includes:**
- Inclusion of most recent information from ****=1 Linac design.
- Creation of independent achromats for +/- momentum collimation
- Creation of injection achromat and matching section
- Investigation of MI-10 injection insertion modifications
- Optimization  of site coordinates to minimize impact of construction on MI tunnel (cost and schedule impact)
**Baseline layout and design will include H- stripping by foil, but will not preclude a future upgrade for laser stripping**** **
**Design will include options for PD beam to MiniBoone and injection into Recycler.**** **
**Continued refinement of requirements and specifications for transport line collimators and injection absorber**
**Design will build upon experiences of SNS**** **
**Establish collaboration with experts at FNAL, BNL, and SNS**

## Revised H- Transport Line

**Adjustable lengths**

## Revised Main Injector MI10 Injection straight

**32 meters**

- H-

- Existing

- Proposed

**Advantages:**
**   ****- ****Increases available space for injection devices**
**     ****- ****Flexible injection optics**
**     ****- ****Allows greater separation between circulating beam**
**            ****and foil after injection**
**   ****- ****Removal of Quad from middle of injection devices**
**Disadvantages:**
**     ****- ****Requires additional quad circuits for matching into MI**
**     ****- ****Must keep vertical beta below 70 m in dipole section**
**             **

- Proposed

- Foil

## Linac Simulations

**Jean-Paul Carniero**
- In support and check of Linac design work by Petr Ostroumov and his RIA group at Argonne

## TRACK vs. ASTR for H-

- H- Through Entire Beta = 1 Linac Section

## XFEL injector + Proton Driver Beta=1 (37 cryomodules)

**RF GUN**

**S.H.**

**BC1**

**BC2**

**PD BETA1 ACC1**

**PD BETA1 ACC37**

**ACC1**

**ACC2**

**ACC3**

**ACC4**

**LASER****	****  ****	****Long = 20 ps Flat Top + 3ps rise time**
**	****   ****	****Trans = 3 mm diameter**
**RF GUN ****	****  ****	****40 MV/m, -2.8 deg w.r.t crest**
**SOLENOIDS  ****	****0.163 T**
**ACC1****	**** ****	****4 ****× 13.65 MV/m @ -25 deg w.r.t on crest**
**	****  ****	****4 × 22.22 MV/m @ -25 deg w.r.t on crest**
**ACC234****	**** ****	****20.22 MV/m ****@ -24.3deg w.r.t on crest**
**S. H. (3.9 GHz)****	**** ****8 ×** **32.5 MV/m @ 160.6 deg w.r.t. on crest**
**	****	**

**	****BC1  ****	****	****4.25 deg**
**	****BC2****	****	****0.93 deg**
**	****PD ACC1 to ACC37****	****25 MV/m, on crest **

- 511 MeV, ~5 kA, ~20 μs

**QUADS**

## Electron Simulation

- Electrons Through Entire Beta = 1 Linac

- Change from 2 to 1 Quadrupole per Cryomodule

## Some Other Activities

**Doug Moehs, Henryk Piekarz, Chuck Schmidt**
- H- Ion Source development
**Milorad Popovic**
- 50 KeV beam transport
**Paul Czarapata, Leon Beverly, Jim Steimel and the Meson Building Crew**
**Jerry Leibfritz, Maurice Ball, Steve Wesslen and Rob Reilly in AD Mechanical Support**
**Apologies to all I’ve failed to include**
**12 Accelerator Division FTE’s effort in December !!!**

## Some MI Investigations Under Alberto

**Impedance Measurements & Pallatives**
- Main Injector is ~7 yrs old
- No Impedance Measurements Yet
- Will key MI components need low-Z upgrades?
**Gamma-T Jump Systems**
- Main Injector
- Booster
**Collimation**
- Main Injector (Momentum, & Betatron)
- Recycler Stacking Collimators (Momentum & Betatron)
*All these will be valuable independent of PD *

## Summary

**There is considerable Accelerator Division activity now on Proton Driver design and R&D**
**It should be an exciting year to bring 325 MHz klystron and RFQ on-line to accelerate beam in the Meson Detector Building**
**Much of the Proton Driver activity will support plans for ILC systems and ILC Test Facilities**
- Civil construction considerations
- High power vector modulator and multiple cavity control development
**MI efforts will lead to improvements even for present program**

## 8 GeV Superconducting LinacWith X-Ray FEL, 8 GeV Neutrino & Spallation Sources, LC and Neutrino Factory

- 8 GeV Superconducting LinacWith X-Ray FEL, 8 GeV Neutrino & Spallation Sources, LC and Neutrino Factory

**Anti-**
**Proton**