# Presentation: 491687

## Looking in All the Wrong Places: PubMed for Public Librarians

**[Name]**
**Consumer Health Coordinator**
**NN/LM, [Region]**
**E-mail: [address]**

## Objectives

- Perform basic literature searches in MEDLINE via the PubMed interface using:
- Limits
- Field Searching
- Journals Database
- Single Citation Matcher
- Obtain full-text of the articles

## Pretest	

- What do the acronyms NLM and MeSH stand for?
- What is the name of the largest biomedical database in the world?
- What is the difference between MEDLINE and PubMed?

## National Library of Medicine

- The world’s largest biomedical library
- NLM is the producer of:
- MEDLINE
- PubMed
- MedlinePlus.gov
- Visit the National Library’s Home Page at:
- _[http://www.nlm.nih.gov](http://www.nlm.nih.gov/)_

## What is PubMed?

- Produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information & the National Library of Medicine
- Accessible worldwide at no charge
- PubMed includes:
- MEDLINE (1966 to present)
- In-process & Publisher Supplied citations
- OLDMEDLINE (1950s to 1965)

## What is MEDLINE?

- The world’s largest biomedical database
- MEDLINE covers:
- Medicine
- Dentistry
- Veterinary Science
- Nursing
- Other Biological Sciences

## What is MEDLINE?

- 4,800 journals are indexed
- Covers all aspects of biosciences and healthcare
- Database of 14+ million journal citations

## What is MEDLINE, continued?

- Covers 1966 to the present
- Coverage worldwide, 85% are in English
- 76% have abstracts

## What is MeSH?

- MeSH – Medical Subject Headings
- Controlled vocabulary terms
- Brain Edema, Otitis Media, Myocardial Infarction

## How do I access PubMed?

- Directly at: http://pubmed.gov
- Or, National Library of Medicine’s homepage: http://www.nlm.nih.gov

## PubMed Screen Layout

- Feature Tabs

- Query Box *aka* Search Box

- Blue
- Sidebar

## PubMed.gov

- Translates lay terms into medical subject headings
*Heart Attack into Myocardial Infarction*
- Links to selected free articles through publishers’ web sites
- Most articles are  written for health professionals

## Subject Searching

- Terms (keywords)
***heart         ***
***heart attack******	***
***heart attack surgery***

## Searching PubMed

- Let’s use this search:
- 	“*I was exposed to asbestos for years   at the paper mill.  Can that cause gastrointestinal cancer?”*

## Entering Your Search Terms

- Enter terms: ***asbestos gastrointestinal cancer***

## How Does PubMed Interpret What You Type in the Box?

- PubMed uses **Automatic Term Mapping** and maps to:
- Medical Subject Headings – medical terms
- Phrases
- Author Name – lastname initial(s), e.g., smith j, smith ja
- Journal Titles – full journal title, MEDLINE abbreviation, ISSN

*How do you think PubMed searched your terms?*

## The Details tab

- The **Details **tab shows you how PubMed translated your search terms

##  When to Limit?

- There are many reasons for refining a search strategy. You may want to:
- Exclude foreign language titles
- Look for articles published within a certain timeframe
- Retrieve articles that focus on women or perhaps just children

## A quick glance at the results....

- [Square brackets
- quickly identify foreign
- language articles.]

## The Limits tab

- Use the **Limits** tab to limit by **Age** Group, **Publication** Type, Specific **date** or date range, **Language**, **Gender** and more...

## Working with Results

- Citations display in batches of 20 with most recent additions on top.
- Use the check boxes to select multiple citations to view
- Click on icons      for more information, such as the abstract

## Working with Results

- The **Display** button is used with the following pull-down menus:
**Summary** lets you select other formats, such as Abstract, Brief or Citation format
- The** Show** and **Sort** offer additional display options
- Use **Send to** to **print**, **save**,** e-mail**, **order documents **or the** Clipboard **(a temporary holding bin)

## Are the actual articles online?

- If and only if:
- Someone has invested the time and money to publish online
- You or your library have purchased access to full text

## Document Delivery	

- NLM’s Loansome Doc Ordering System
- A service that let’s users obtain the full-text copies from a medical library
- For more information go to: **http://www.nlm.nih.gov/loansomedoc/loansome_home.html**
- Full-Text services via LinkOut
- A fee will be charge
- Supplier and price vary per service

## A Closer Look at Starting a Search

- Enter search terms here and then click on **Go**.

- Add Limits like date, language, publication type, and more.

## Related Articles

**Related Articles** – a pre-formulated search strategy to match other PubMed citations that are closely related to the selected citation

## Links to LinkOut

**LinkOut** – connects you to other related resources, e.g., publishers, NLM resources and other organizations

## The Clipboard tab

- Lets you keep track of the good ones while you are still searching
- How to:
- #1: Check the citations to keep
- #2: Use the **Send** pull-down menu to select  Clipboard
- #3:Click on **Send**.
- Will keep up to 500 records for 8 hours!

## Are there other ways to limit your search?

- Add additional terms to query box
***copd air pollution***
- Use Boolean Connectors
- AND, OR, NOT

## Combination Searching

- Let’s use the search:
*	**“**I am looking for an article from a few years ago (maybe 4-5 years ago) by Dr.**** Keys**** about ****cervical cancer ****treatment.  It was published in the ****New England Journal of Medicine****.”*

## Combination Searching

- PubMed uses Automatic Term Mapping and maps the search terms as:
- keys  keys[All Fields]
- cervical cancer  "cervix neoplasms" [MeSH Terms]
- new england journal of medicine  "N Engl J Med"[Journal]

## Advanced Searching

- Let’s use this search:
- 	*“**My child has celiac disease. I understand that Dr. Chin has done research on the neurological aspects of this and it was published in the journal Neurology.”*
- We need to search in specific fields for this type of search – adding terms to the query box won’t do.

## Preview/Index tab	

- Preview the number of search results before displaying the citations
- Refine searches by adding one or more terms one at a time
- Add terms to a strategy from specific search fields

## Preview/Index tab

## Boolean Searching

- AND narrows
- OR broadens

## Boolean Searching, continued:

- Let’s use the search:
- 	“*A woman heard that there was a study published recently in either JAMA or in the New England Journal of Medicine on the effectiveness of a “virtual” colonoscopy.”*

## Boolean Searching	

- Use AND, OR, NOT and parentheses:
*(**jama OR new england journal of medicine) *
*AND virtual colonoscopy*

## The History tab	

- Shows the searches that you have done
- Searches are available for 8 hours if inactivity
- You can combine searches using the search number e.g. #2 AND #6.

## The History tab

-  Lists of searches that you have done
-  Searches will be lost after 8 hrs of inactivity
-  You can combine search using the search number, e.g., #2 and #6

## Journals Database

- Sometimes when performing a search, it is difficult to determine the full Journal name. You may see something like:
- Arch Dis Child
- Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol
- BJOG
- J Bone Miner Res
- J Womens Health Gend Based Med

## Journals Database Search

## Single Citation Matcher

- Let’s use the search:
- 	“I know that there was an article published in **2001** in **JAMA** about the quality of information on the Internet. The researchers used search engines to retrieve health information in English and Spanish. There were a bunch of authors, but I don’t know their names. I do know that the words **English** and **Spanish** were in the title. Can you find this?”

## Single Citation Matcher

## Saved Searches

- This new PubMed feature allows you to:
- Save search strategies and set-up automatic email updates
- Select filters that customize and sort your search results
*and more...*
- This feature replaces **Cubby**

## 		 Saved Searches

**My NCBI** box lets you **Sign in** or for first time users, **Register**. After a search is run, click on the **Save Search** link to save the search strategy.

## 		 Saved Searches

- 		 Saved Searches

- After you sign in, the** Save Search **box displays. 1)** Enter a name for your search **(something meaningful),  2) click** Yes** or **No **for automatic e-mail updates and 3) click** OK **after you have made your selections.

## 		 Saved Searches

- Click on **My NCBI** to update saved searches. Click check boxes to get **What’s New** for selected searches. Click on **No Schedule** to get email updates.

## Saved Searches

- Important My NCBI Note:
*Record your user name and password!*

## EXERCISES

## Customer Support & Contact Info

- NLM Customer Support
- If you need assistance or have questions, please contact the **NLM Help Desk**:
**E-mail:**  custserv@nlm.nih.gov
**Phone:**  1.888.346.3656
- NN/LM Contact Information:
- National Web site: http://nnlm.gov
- Your Regional Web site: http://nnlm.gov/mar
- Phone: 1.800.338.7657