# Presentation: 213639

## Mechanical Power Presses

## Mechanical power presses

**OSHA 1910.217 is the vertical regulation**
**OSHA 1910.212, general requirement; 1910.219 MPTA**
**ANSI B11.1 - 1998 for best safety practices**
**350,000 in the U.S.**
**Full revolution clutch since 1857**
**Part revolution clutch since 1927**

## Full Revolution Clutch

## Part Revolution Clutch

## Capacity 

**1/4 to bench-top to 5000 lbs.**
**Smaller one likely to be Gap (C) Frame**
**If inclinable, OBI, if not incliniable, OBS**
**Larger ones tend to be straight side frame**
**4 columns from bed (bottom) to crown (top)**
**Distinctive features:  flywheel, crankshaft, clutch, brake, ram (slide) goes up and down**

## Part revolution

**bench top**
**press**

## Bench top

**Bench top**
**press ****(cont’d)**

**Light Curtain**

**Overhead Guard**

## Full vs. Part Revolution Clutch?

**Is an air line going to the clutch?**
**If yes, it’s a part revolution clutch press**
**If no, then look for an operating rod coming down the side of machine to identify it as a full revolution clutch**

## Part 

**Part **
**revolution**
**clutch**

**Air line going to clutch**

## Full revolution 

**Full revolution **
**clutch**

**Single Stroke Mechanism**

## Hydraulic Power Presses

**OSHA 1910.212, general requirements, 1910.219 MPTA**
**ANSI B11.2 - 1995 for best safety practices**

## Hydraulic Press

**Hydraulic Press**

**Light curtain**

**Foot control**

## Power Press Brakes

**OSHA 1910.212, general requirements, 1910.219 MPTA**
**ANSI B11.4 - 1993 for best safety practices**

## Press Brake

## Modes of operation for mechanical power press

**Inch:  Short hops of ram used for setup, maintenance, but not for production**
**Single stroke:  Often hand fed, sometimes with H.I.D. feeding.  Safeguarding **Devices** most common**
**Continuous:  Makes many cycles without stopping using an automatic feed & coil stock.  Sging:  **Guards** most common**

## Modes of Operation,

**Modes of Operation,**
**Control Selector**
**inch, single stroke, **
**continuous**

**Emergency stop**
**button**

## Primary operations 

**Automatics or blankers**
**Coil stock with automatic feeds**
**Payoff reels or cradles to unwind**
**Continuous mode**

## Secondary operations?

**Single-stroke mode of operation**
**Manually fed - one at a time**
**Often use Hands-in-Die Feeding**
**Hand feeding tools are the BSP**
**Cycle initiation can be hand or foot**
**Ergonomic issues if high repetition**

## Types of mechanical presses 

**Two general frame configurations**
**“****C” frame**
**Used for maximum rated forces up 300 tons**
**Similar to “C” clamp in appearance **
**Three subcategories **
**OBI (Open Back Inclinable)**
**Gap Press (OBS)**
**Horn Press **

## Open Back 

**Inclinable**
**Press**

**Hand operated **
**inclining mechanism **
**on OBI.  Turning **
**hand crank rotates **
**screw to tilt press**
**back to desired**
**position.**

## Open Back

**Stationery **
**Press**

**Flywheel is located**
**at the rear of the **
**press frame on **
**front-to-back presses,**
**eliminating obstruction**
**around the die frame.**

## Horn Press

## General frame configurations (cont’d)

**Straight side frame **
**Used on most presses that can develop a maximum rated tonnage of 20 tons or more**
**Consist of bed with a four corner post arrangement called uprights.**

## Part Revolution Straight-Side

**Press - Left Side View**

**Main Drive**

**Air Surge Drive**

**Air Releasing**
**Brake**

**Dual Solenoid Valve**

**Lifting Lug**

**Crown**

**Lubricator**

**Operator’s Station**

**Side Guard**

**Bed**

**Air Pressure Switch**
**for Clutch/Brake**

**Air Pressure-Gauge**
**& Lubricator Assembly**
**for Clutch/Brake**

**Air Pressure Switch**
**for Counterbalance**

**Upright or Column**

**Filter-Regulator-Gauge**
**for Die Cushion**

## Straight Side- Front View

**Air Counterbalance**

**Belts**

**Sheave**

**Main Gear**

**Flywheel**

**Air Friction Clutch**

**Cover**

**Rotating Limit **
**Switch Assembly**

**Knockout bracket**

**Knockout Rod**

**Knockout Bar**

**Control panel with **
**Starter and Disconnect**
**Switch**

**Emergency-Stop Button**

**Tie Rod Nut**

**Tie Rod**

**Crankshaft**

**Connection (Pitman)**

**Side Adjusting**
**Mechanism**

**Side (Ram)**

**Gib**

**Run Buttons**

**Top-Stop **
**Buttons**

**Bolster**

**Straight Side- Front View**

## Full Revolution - Left Side View

**Cam and Limit Switch**

**Drag Brake**

**Knockout**

**Knockout Bracket**

**Operator’s Station**

**Slide (Ram)**

**Knockout Bar**

**Side Barriers**

**Leg**

**Motor**

**Motor Starter**

**Disconnect Switch**

**Control Box**

**Inclining Mechanism**

**Frame (Body)**

**Full Revolution - Left Side View**

## Full Revolution - Front View

**Foot Control**

**Leg Bolts**

**Bolster**

**Rear Barrier**

**Die Clamp**

**Lubricator**

**Connection**
**(Pitman)**

**Crankshaft**

**Limit Switch**

**Belts**

**Sheave**

**Lifting Bolt**

**Flywheel**

**Clutch Area**

**Cover**

**Side Adjusting Screw**

**Run Buttons **
**(Two-Hand Trip)**

**Gib**

**Air Cylinder (Solenoid Valve, &**
**Filter-Regulator-Gauge and **
**Lubricator Assembly Not Shown)**

**Bed**

**Leg Tie Rod**

**Full Revolution - Front View**

## Types of mechanical power presses (cont’d)

**Functional type**
**Operating characteristics**
**Full revolution clutch**
**Part revolution clutch**
**Electric motor is primary drive source**
**Motor drives press flywheel, which generates energy that’s applied by way of the crankshaft and ram to the lower dies.**

## Full revolution clutch

**Uses keys, pins, or jaws to engage crankshaft to flywheel**
**Once engaged, clutch drags crankshaft through one complete revolution before it can be disengaged**
**Uses friction brake that is always applied to hold slide stationery when clutch is not engaged**
**Will not stop until it has completed one full stroke**

## Clutch Pin

**Clutch Pin**

## Clutch pin

**Clutch pin**

## Clutch Pin

## Jaw type

**Jaw type**

**Striking plate**
**on flywheel**

**Sliding sleeve**
**with multiple **
**engaging jaws**

**Rotary **
**air seal**

**Direct-acting**
**pneumatic chamber**

## Friction 

**Friction **
**Brake**

## Part revolution clutch

**Engaged and disengaged at any point in slide**
**Engaged with air pressure/released with absence of air pressure**
**A friction brake that is air released and spring applied is used to stop and hold slide in position when clutch is not engaged**
**Can be stopped at any point in the stroke**

## Part 

**Air line for clutch**
**engagement.  **
**Engaged with air**
**pressure, released**
**with absence of**
**air pressure.**

**Part **
**revolution**
**clutch**

## Part 

**Air released**
**and spring **
**applied **

**Part **
**revolution**
**brake**

## Mechanical power presses and their controls - (full revolution clutch)

**Machines using full revolution clutches**
**Will incorporate single stroke mechanism**
**Single stroke mechanism dependent on spring action**
**Springs will be compression type operating on a rod or guide within a hole or tube**
**Designed to prevent interleaving of spring coils in event of breakage**

## Single stroke 

**Compression**
**spring operating**
**on a rod or guided**
**within a hole or **
**tube.**

**Single stroke **
**mechanism**

## Methods of initiating press cycle

**Foot pedals - treadle**
**Protected to prevent unintended operation from falling or moving objects.  **
**Pad with nonslip contact area firmly attached to pedal**
**Pedal return springs will be compression type **
**If counterweights are provided, path of travel of weight will be enclosed**
**Enclose the weight’s path of travel to prevent interference with its movement**

## Foot treadle

**Foot treadle**

**Treadle**

**Canopy**
**guard**

**Removable**
**foot pedal**

## Foot Control

**Foot Control**

**Protection from **
**unintended objects**

**Compression**
**type spring**

**Applicable Safety**
**      ****Warnings**

**Manufactures**
**Specifications**

## Hand operated levers

**Will be equipped with a spring latch on the operating lever to prevent premature and accidental tripping**
**Operating levers, if provided are required for each operator, and require concurrent operation**

## Two-Hand trips

**Protected against unintentional operation**
**Requires both hands, concurrent operation, and provided for all operators**

## Two-Hand Trips/Controls

**Two-Hand Trips/Controls**

**Note:  ****Red ****stop button normally not present**

## Two-Hand Trips/Controls

## Two-Hand Trip/Controls

**Two-Hand Trip/Controls**

**Top Stop**

**Emergency Stop**

**Two**
**Hand **
**Control**

**Prior **
**Action **
**Button**

## Part revolution clutches

**Machines using part revolution clutches**
**Clutch release and brake will be applied when external clutch engaging means is removed, deactivated or de-energized**
**Stop control**
**Red stop control, required at each station**
**Top stop, if provided, will be yellow**
**Stop control will override any other control**

## Part revolution clutches (cont’d)

**Press stroking selector**
**A means of selecting off, inch, single stroke and continuous will be available.  **
**Means capable of being supervised**
**Inch Operation**
**Designed to prevent exposure of worker’s hands by:**
**Requiring concurrent use of both hands**
**Being a single control protected against accidental actuation**
**Will not be used for production (ANSI)**

## Part revolution clutches (cont’d)

**Multiple operating stations**
**Control station for each operator capable of being supervised**
**Continuous**
**Will be supervised, and require prior action or decision by the operator in addition to the selection of the continuous mode**
**Hand-foot selection**
**If provided, selection method for foot control will be separate from stroking selector**
**Will be supervised by employer**

## Part revolution clutches (cont’d)

**Foot control**
**Protected against unintentional operation**
**Clutch/brake air valve failure**
**Control of air-clutch machines will be designed to prevent significant increase in normal stopping time due to a failure within the operating valve mechanism, and to inhibit further operation if such failure does occur.**

## Part revolution clutches (cont’d)

**Press drive motor interlock**
**Clutch/brake control should not initiate the press stroke unless the drive motor is in the forward direction**
**Engaging method failure**
**Clutch/brake control will automatically deactivate in event of power failure or pressure supply for the clutch engaging means**
**Reactivation will require restoration of normal supply and the use of the tripping mechanism**

## Part revolution clutches (cont’d)

**Air counterbalance supply**
**Clutch/brake control will automatically deactivate in event of failure of the counterbalance air supply**
**Reactivation of the clutch will require restoration of normal air supply and use of the tripping mechanism**
**Turnover bar operation**
**Selection of bar operation will be by means capable of being supervised by the employer**

## Part revolution clutches - control reliability 

**When required, control system will be constructed so that a failure within the system does not prevent the normal stopping action from being applied to the press when required, but does prevent initiation of a successive stroke until the failure is detected**
**Failure will be detectable by a simple test, or indicated by the control system**

## Part revolution clutches - control reliability (cont’d)

**Dual-air valves**
**Air-filter regulator**
**Air Pressure switch**
**Rotating cam switch assembly**

## Dual-Air Valve

**Single-Air Valve**

## Cam Assembly

**Cam Assembly**

**Air Pressure Switch**

**Dual-Air Valve**

**Air Pressure Regulator**

## Rotating Cam Switch Assembly

**Rotating Cam Switch Assembly**

**Belt **
**Assembly**

**Rotating**
**Cam****Switches**

## Part revolution clutches - brake monitoring

**Be constructed to automatically prevent the activation of a successive stroke if stopping time or braking distance deteriorates to a point where the safety distance being utilized does not meet the requirements**
**Used with the Type “B” gate or movable barrier device, will be installed to detect slide top-stop overrun beyond the normal limit reasonably established by employer**

## Solid State Diagnostic Display Panel

## Part revolution clutches - brake monitoring (cont’d)

**Be installed so indicates when performance of the braking system has deteriorated**
**Be constructed and installed to monitor brake system performance on each stroke**

## Part revolution clutch - top stop overrun brake monitors

**Top stop brake monitor checks the crankshaft position at the end of each stroke, and will not let the operator initiate another stroke if the crankshaft is too far past top dead center.**

## Other safety requirements - electrical

**Control circuit **
**All clutch/brake control circuits will incorporate features to minimize unintended stroke in event of control component failure**
**Disconnects**
**Main power disconnect capable of being locked only in the Off position**
**Starters**
**Protect against accidental operation**
**Drive motor with a magnetic motor restart function**

## Other safety requirements - electrical (cont’d)

**Transformer**
**Used to reduce voltage of operator controls**
**Ground **
**Electrical circuits shall be protected against an accidental grounding**

## Motor starter

**Motor starter**
**control panel**
**start/stop switch**

**Disconnect switch capable of being locked in off position **

## Disconnect 

**Disconnect **
**Switch, turns **
**to locked **
**position**

**Solid control**
**panel**

## Motor starter and fused disconnect switches

**Motor starter and fused disconnect switches**

## Solid state 

**Solid state **
**control panel**

## Other safety requirements (cont’d)

**Counterbalance**
**Air counterbalance system with adequate capacity that will hold slide and attachments**
**Air controlling equipment**
**Protected against foreign material and water entering pneumatic system**

**Hydraulic equipment**
**Maximum working pressure will not exceed working pressure rating of any components**
**Pressure vessels**
**Must meet ANSI/ASME code for pressure vessels, 1968 edition**

## Point of operation safeguarding - Two-Hand Trip

**Point of operation devices - will protect operator by**
**Preventing and/or stopping normal stroking of the press if the operator’s hands are placed I n the point of operation**
**Preventing the operator from reaching into the point of operation, or withdrawing his hands if they are inadvertently located in the point of operation as the dies close**

## Point of operation safeguarding - Two-Hand Trip (cont’d)

**Preventing the operator from reaching into the point of operation at all times**
**Requiring application of both of the operator’s hands to machine operating controls and locating such controls at a safe distance from the point of operation that the slide completes the downward travel or stops before the operator can reach into the point of operation with his hands**

## Point of operation safeguarding - Two-Hand Trip (cont’d)

**Enclosing the point of operation before a press stroke can be initiated, and maintaining this closed condition until the motion of the slide has ceased**
**Enclosing the point of operation before a press stroke can be initiated so as to prevent an operator from reaching into the point of operation prior to die closure or prior to cessation of slide motion during the downward stroke**

## Point of operation safeguarding - Two-Hand Trips

**Require use of both operator’s hands**
**Located at safe distance from P.O.O.**
**Provided for each operator**
**Require concurrent application**
**Incorporate antirepeat feature**
**Fixed so only a supervisor is capable of relocating the trips**

## Point of operation safeguarding -Two-Hand Trips (cont’d)

**Incorporate antirepeat feature**
**Fixed in position so only a supervisor is capable of relocating the trips**
**Safety distance calculation**
**Tm = 1/2 + **_**           1        **_**  X  Time necessary to **
**                       ****# of engaging      complete one**
**                       ****points per             revolution of the**
**                       ****revolution             crankshaft **

## Two-Hand controls - part revolution only 

**Require use of both operator’s hands**
**Located a safe distance from P.O.O.**
**Provided for each operator**
**Require concurrent application**
**Protected against unintentional operation**
**Incorporate antirepeat feature**

## Two-Hand Controls

**Two-Hand Controls**

**Top Stop**

**Emergency Stop**

**Key Selector capable**
** ****of being supervised**

**Indicator Light**

## Two-Hand Controls - part revolution only (cont’d)

**Fixed in position so only a supervisor is capable of relocating the controls **
**Safety distance **
**      ****Ds = 63 inches/second x Ts; where**
**       ****Ds = minimum safety distance (inches)**
**       ****63 inches/second = hand speed constant; and**
**       ****Ts = stopping time of the press measured at **
**       ****approximately 90 degree of the crankshaft**
**       ****rotation**

## Presence sensing device

**Device will be interlocked into control circuit to prevent or stop slide motion if the operator’s hand or other part of his/her body is within the sensing field of the device during the downstroke of the press slide**

## Presence sensing device (cont’d)

**May not be used on machines using full revolution clutches**
**May not be used as a tripping means to initiate slide motion**
**Will be constructed so failure within system does not prevent the normal stopping action from being applied to press when required, but does prevent initiation of a successive stroke until the failure is corrected**
**Muting (bypassing) of protective function of such device during the upstroke of press slide is permitted**

## Presence sensing device (cont’d)

**Guards will be used to protect all areas of entry to the P.O.O. not protected by the presence sensing device**
**Safety distance from sensing field to P.O.O. will be greater than the distance determined by the following formula:**
**	****	****Ds = 63 inches/second X Ts where:**
**	****	****Ds = minimum safety distance (inches)**
**	****	****63 inches/seconds = hand speed constant; and ****	****	****Ts = stopping time of the press measured at **
**	****	****approximately 90 degree position of**
**	****	****crankshaft rotation (seconds)**

## Light Curtain - Presence Sensing Device

**Light Curtain - Presence Sensing Device**

**Receiver**

**Transmitter**

**20” Cables**

**Control box**

**Features**
***  Meets industry standards**
***  Self-checking circuitry**
***  Strobe-light and weld**
**    ****flash immunity without**
**    ****increasing response time**
***  Detects objects 1” or**
**    ****larger**
***  Channel blanking**
***  50’ max operating **
**    ****range**

## Light Curtain - Flex Systems Applications

**Light Curtain - Flex Systems Applications**

**Transmitters**

**Receivers**

## Presence sensing device

**Presence sensing device**

**Light **
**curtain**

**Control**
**box**

## Presence sensing device

**Presence sensing device**

**Light**
**curtain**

**Top guard**
**assembly**

## Presence sensing devices 

**Presence sensing devices **
**light curtain**

**Horizontal**
**mounted**
**light **
**curtain **

**Vertical **
**mounted**
**light **
**curtain**

## Pullbacks

**Device will include attachments for each operator’s hands**
**Attachments will be connected to and operated only by the press slide or upper die**
**Attachments will be adjusted to prevent operator from reaching into P.O.O.**
**A separate pull-out device will be provided for each operator**

## Arm-Type

**Pullback**

## Overhead

**Type Pullback**

## Two-Man 

**Two-Man **
**Operation**

## Two-Man Operation

**Two-Man Operation**

**Side Guard**
**Panel**

**Light **
**Curtain**

**Pullbacks**

## Wristlets and Cables

## Point-of Operation

**Devices Protect Hands**

**Ram Up - Die Open**

**Ram Descending - Die Closing**

## Point-of-Operation Devices Protect 

**Hands ****(cont’d)**

**Ram Down - Die is Closed**

## Pullbacks (cont’d)

**Inspected, checked and adjusted at start of each operator’s shift, following a new die setup, and when operators are changed**
**Necessary maintenance, repair or both will be performed and completed before press is operated**
**Records of adjustments, inspections and maintenance will be kept in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section**
**Sweep device may not be used for point-of-operation safeguarding after December 31, 1976**

## Restraint Devices

**Device will include attachments for each operator’s hands**
**Attachments will be securely anchored and adjusted so that operator is restrained from reaching into P.O.O.**
**Separate set of restraints will be provided for each operator if more than one operator is required on a press**
**Records of adjustments, inspection and maintenance will be kept in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section**

## Two-person sliding restraint

## Gates 

**A gate or movable device will protect the operator as follows:**
**Type “A” gate or movable barrier device will protect the operator as specified in paragraph (c)(3)(I)(f)**
**Type “B” gate or movable barrier device will protect the operator as specified in paragraph (c)(3)(I)(g)**

## Guards 

**Every point-of-operation guard will meet the following design, construction, application and adjustment requirements:**
**Prevent entry of hands/fingers into P.O.O. by reaching through, over, under or around guard**
**Conform to the maximum permissible openings of Table 0-10**
**Create no pinch point between guard and moving machine parts**

## Guards (cont’d)

**Utilize fasteners not readily removable by the operator**
**Exception:  Electrical interlock switch**
**Facilitate its inspection**
**Offer maximum visibility of the point of operation consistent with the other requirements**

## Guards (cont’d)

**A die enclosure guard will be attached to the die shoe or stripper in a fixed position**
**Good for one particular press**
**A fixed barrier guard will be secured to the frame of the press or to the bolster plate**
**No openings **

## Guards (cont’d)

**An interlocked press barrier guard will be attached to the press frame or bolster plates, and will be interlocked with the press clutch control**
**The adjustable barrier guard will be securely attached to the press bed, bolster plate, or die shoe, and will be adjusted and operated in conformity with Table 0-10**
**A point-of-operation enclosure which does not meet the requirements of Table 0-10 will be used only in conjunction with P.O.O. devices**

## Front Guard

**Interlock**
**switch**

## Side Guard

**Adjustable**
**guard**

**Fixed**
**Panel**

## Barrier Guard

**Barrier Guard**

**Fixed panel **
**in back of **
**machine**

## Expanded metal 

**lexan guarding **
**materials**

**Adjustable guarding**
**sections**

## Various Guards

**Various Guards**

## Various guards (cont’d)

**Various guards ****(cont’d)**

## Various guards (cont’d)

## Various guards (cont’d)

## Spring

**Spring**
**lift guard**

**Black square**
**mesh**

**Adjustable **
**hairpins**

**Mechanical**
**motor springs**

## Spring lift guard

**Spring lift guard**

**Air cylinders**

**Nonadjustable **
**portion of panel**
**with black mesh**

**Key-operated **
**control station**

**Linear bearing**
**assembly**

**Adjustable **
**hairpins**

## Design, setting and feeding of dies

**Die setting**
**Establish die setting procedures**
**Provide and require use of hand tools for removing scrap pieces**
**Scrap handling**
**Provide means for handling scrap material**
**Guide post hazard**
**Hazard created by a guide post when separated from its bushing**

## Design, setting and feeding of dies (cont’d)

**Unitized tooling**
**Opening between top of the punch holder and face of the slide, or striking pad will be guarded**
**Tonnage, stroke and weight designation**
**All dies will be:**
**Stamped with the tonnage and stroke requirements**
**Stamped to indicate upper die weight**
**Stamped to indicate complete die weight when handling equipment may become overloaded**

## Tonnage, stroke and weight designation

**Tonnage, stroke and weight designation**

**Model**
**number**

**Tonnage**

**Stroke**

## Tonnage, stroke and weight designation

**Tonnage, stroke and weight designation**

**Model**
**number**

**Tonnage**

**Stroke**

## Design, setting and feeding of dies (cont’d)

**Die fastening**
**Securely mount die to bolster plate and slide**
**When clamp caps or setscrews are used in conjunction with punch stems, additional means of securing the upper shoes to the slide will be used**
**Die handling**
**Handling equipment attach points will be provided on all dies requiring mechanical handling**

## Design, setting and feeding of dies (cont’d)

**Die setting**
**Employer will establish a die setting procedure that will enhance compliance with paragraph (c) of this section**
**Provide spring loaded turnover bars**
**Provide die stops, or other means to prevent losing control of the die while setting or removing dies**
**Provide and enforce the use of safety blocks**
**Provide brushes, swabs, lubricating rolls, and automatic/manual pressure guns so operators and die setters will not be required to reach into P.O.O.**

## Spring loaded turnover bar

**Spring loaded turnover bar**

**Fully enclosed**
**spring**

**Made of high**
**tensile steel**

**Vinyl-coated**
**yellow handle**

## Design, setting and feeding of dies (cont’d)

**Inspection and maintenance records**
**Periodic and regular inspections of all presses and safeguards**
**Inspected and tested no less than weekly; clutch/brake, antirepeat, and single stroke mechanism**
**Modifications**
**Establish new or changed guidelines for care and use**

## Sample Press Inspection Report

**Parts Inspected**

**OK**

**Defective Condition**

**Corrective Action**

**Date Repaired**

**Frame/Motor**

**Flywheel/Gears**

**Clutch/Brake**

**Connection and slide**
**adjusting screw**

**Slide and Gibs**

**Slide counterbalance**

**Air/Electrical system**

**Foot switch**

**Crankshaft **

**P.O.O. safeguarding**

**Guards and presence**
**sensing devices**

**Pullbacks/Restraints**

**“****A” or “B”  Gate/ Two**
**Hand Trip or Control**

## Guide for inspecting mechanical power presses

**Frame **
**Cracks, broken or loose parts **
**Motor**
**Clean, and lubricated **
**Flywheel **
**Rotates in correct direction, free running**
**Gears**
**Loose, broken/cracked teeth, excess noise?**
**Crankshaft**
**Cracks, bent, proper clearance in bearings**

## Guide for inspecting mechanical power presses (cont’d) 

**Clutch**
**Full revolution**
**single stroke capability, loose or worn parts, weak or broken springs**
**Part revolution**
**Air or oil leaks, proper alignment, disengagement, stopping position, worn clutch lining, weak or broken springs**
**Brake**
**Linings worn, properly adjusted, does it stop slide quickly**

## Guide for inspecting mechanical power presses (cont’d)

**Slide and gibs**
**Face of slide parallel to bolster, proper gib clearance, any scoring**
**Connection & slide adjusting screw**
**Proper bearing and ball seat clearance, screw turns freely**
**Slide counterbalance**
**Spring type**
**Proper adjustment, broken springs or loose nuts**
**Pneumatic type**
**Air leakage, proper pressure, loose connection to slide**

## Guide for inspecting mechanical power presses (cont’d)

**Air system**
**Proper air pressure, valve operation, pressure gauges, leaks**
**Electrical system**
**Can main power switch be locked only in “off” position, grounding, condition of wiring**
**Foot switch**
**Nonslip pad on contact area, shielded from accidental operation**

## Guide for inspecting mechanical power presses (cont’d)

**Point-of-operation safeguarding**
**Guard **
**Barrier that prevents entry of operator’s hands or fingers into point-of-operation area**
**Presence sensing**
**Reliable design and proper electrical tie-in to control**
**Fixed at proper distance**
**Pullback**
**Enough or too muck pull on cables**
**Is adjustment being made for change of operator, die, shift**
**Records of inspection/maintenance**

## Guide for inspecting mechanical power presses (cont’d)

**Point-of-operation-safeguarding**
**“****A” or “B” Gate**
**Point of operation enclosed before press cycle can be initiated**
**Restraint**
**Adjusted so operator’s fingers cannot reach into dies**
**Securely anchored**
**Adjusted for each operator**
**Two-hand Trip or Control**
**Shielded against unintended operation **
**Concurrent antirepeat**
**Fixed at proper “safety distance” from pinpoint**

## Design, setting and feeding of dies (cont’d)

**Instructions to operators**
**Training shall be provided for press operators**
**Work area**
**Adequate clearance between machines for movement of operator**
**Ample room for cleaning, and material handling**
**Floors kept in good condition**

## Design, setting and feeding of dies (cont’d)

**Overloading **
**Operate presses within manufacturer specifications**
**Report of injuries**
**Report injuries within 30 days**

## Bellows safety shield

## Die set shields

**Die set shields**

**Bellows**
**safety**
**shield **

**Bellows**
**safety **
**shield**

## Hand feeding and retrieving tools

**Hand feeding and retrieving tools**

## Die safety block accessories

**Two-piece aluminum**
**      ****safety wedges**

**Adjustable screw**
**         ****device**

## Die safety block accessories (cont’d)

**Safety plug is disconnected.**
**Press is inoperable.**

**Block in use**

## Die safety block accessories (cont’d)

**Electric safety plug is connected.  Control circuit is made and press can be operated**

**Block in storage**

## Die safety block accessories (cont’d)

**Interlock must be**
**interfaced into the **
**control system so that**
**when plug is pulled,**
**power to the main**
**drive motor is **
**disconnected.**

## Die safety block accessories (cont’d)

**Die safety block accessories ****(cont’d)**

**Electrical power**
**cut-off system**

**Die safety **
**block**

**Wedges**

**Die safety**
**block holder**

## Types of  Press brakes

**Press brakes are machines that have a long narrow bed and slide, usually supported by “C” form frames on the ends of the bed and slide **
**Part revolution clutch - mechanical friction**
**Part revolution clutch - air**
**Hydraulic**
**Hydra-Mechanical**

## Two-speed air-clutch 

**Two-speed air-clutch **
**press brake**

**Custom **
**control**
**box**

**Barriers**

**Two operator**
**stations**

**Light **
**curtain on**
**floor stands**

## Hydraulic 

**Hydraulic **
**press brake**

**Light **
**curtain**

**Side guards**
**and mounting**
**brackets**

**Foot switch**

**Control**
**box**

**Interface**
**box**

## Hydra-mechanical press brake

**Hydra-mechanical press brake**

**Control box**

**Hydraulic**
**valve**

**Light **
**curtain**

## Slide 141

## Slide 142

## Press brake

**Side **
**shield**

**Light**
**curtain**

**Press brake**

## Press brake

**Side **
**shield**

**Light**
**curtain**

**Press brake**

## Application of press brakes

**Press brakes are used to perform a variety of operations on sheet, plate, and other metals**
**The primary application of a press brake is to bend sheet metal at an angle to form flanges, boxes, channels, etc.**

## Press brake bending metal

**Press brake bending metal**

## Safeguarding point of operation (guards)

**Barrier guards**
**Adjustable guards**
**Self-adjusting guards**
**Interlock guards**

## Safeguarding point of operation (devices)

**Two-Hand controls**
**Restraints/Pullbacks**
**Presence sensing devices**
**Gates**

## Safeguarding standards

**29 CFR 1910.212(a)(3)(ii)**
**Section 5(a)(1)**
**ANSI B11.3**

## Table 0 -10

- 1-1/2”

- 1”

- 1”

- 2”

- 1”

- 1”

- 5”

- 3”

- 2”

- 14”

- 17-1/2”

- Danger Line

- Clearance Line

- Minimum Guarding
-  Line

- 1/4”

- 3/8”

- 1/2”

- 5/8”

- 3/4”

- 7/8”

- 1-1/4”

- 1-1/2”

- 1-7/8”

- 2-1/8”

- Guarding must extend from some point on
- clearance line to some point on opening line

- Typical guard locations

**Table 0 -10**

- At distances over
- 31-1/2” use 6”
- as maximum
- opening

-       6”
- Maximum

- 1/2”

- Travel Stock
- Line

**Table 0 -10**

- Distance of
- opening from
- P.O.O. hazard

- Max
- width of
- opening

- 1/2 to 1-1/2            1/4
- 1-/12/ to 2-1/2        3/8
- 2-1/2  to 3-1/2        1/2
- 3-1/2  to 5-1/2        5/8
- 5-1/2  to 6-1/2        3/4
- 6-1/2  to 7-1/2        7/8
- 7-1/2  to 12 -1/2     1-1/4
- 12-1/2 to15 -1/2     1-1/2
- 15-1/2 to 17-1/2     1-7/8
- 17-1/2 to 31 -1/2    2-1/8