# Presentation: 328290

## Southwest Region Runway Safety Briefing Year End FY 2005 

- ASW-1R

- 10/19/2005

## Purpose of the Briefing

**Provide information on Runway Safety for FY 2005 to Student Chapter of AIAA at UTA**
**Provide some historical context**
**Discuss areas of concern nationally and regionally**
**Discuss employment opportunities **

## RUNWAY INCURSIONS

## Why Emphasize Runway Safety? The Consequences Are Clear

**Notes:**
Example of breakdown in communication.
This was a Boeing 747 Dutch Airliner at Tenerife (largest of the Canary Islands).  It collided with another 747, burned and killed 583 people.  This was the worst aviation disaster in aviation history.

The Dutch Captain ignored his 1st officer and took an IFR clearance as a take-off clearance.  He was a revered pilot – and they even had pictures of him on travel posters.

## Definition of a Surface Incident:

**Definition of a Surface Incident:**

**Any event where unauthorized or   unapproved movement occurs in the movement area that affects or could affect the safety of flight**

**Notes:**
Within 1 mile on final is a major point.  Sometimes when pilot deviation is declared, the rest of the situation does not get the proper attention.  We need to ask “Could ATC have contributed?”  (ie some specialists control the final by withholding landing clearance, this can lead a pilot down the path to a deviation).
Object – runaway stair

## Definition of Runway Incursion:

**Definition of Runway Incursion:**

-    **Any occurrence in the airport runway environment ****(**_***with an operating control tower***_***)***** involving:   **

*an aircraft,**	*
*a vehicle,                        a person, or *
*an object,*

**                                     ****on the ground**** that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of required separation with an aircraft taking off, ****intending**** to take off, landing, or ****intending**** to land *****(within 1 mile).****** ***

**Notes:**
Within 1 mile on final is a major point.  Sometimes when pilot deviation is declared, the rest of the situation does not get the proper attention.  We need to ask “Could ATC have contributed?”  (ie some specialists control the final by withholding landing clearance, this can lead a pilot down the path to a deviation).
Object – runaway stair

## Slide 7

## Slide 8

## Types of Runway Incursions

- Operational Errors

**Action of an Air Traffic Controller  that results in:**
**Less than required minimum separation between 2 or more aircraft, or between an aircraft and obstacles, (vehicles, equipment, personnel on runways)     or **
**Clearing an aircraft to take off or land on a closed runway**

- Pilot Deviations

**Action of a pilot that violates any Federal Aviation Regulation ****Example: a pilot crosses a  runway without a clearance while enroute to an airport gate**

- Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviation

**Pedestrians or vehicles entering  any portion of the airport movement areas (runways/taxiways) without authorization from air traffic control**

**Notes:**
Nearly one runway incursion occurs everyday. 
There were 324 incursions in FY 2003.
There are over 65 million operations a year.
Prior to 9/11 there were 68 million.
It seems like a small number of incursions each year, but they can be and are deadly!

## Slide 10

## 1

**All Categories**

**Tower Operations  (millions)**

**4.5**

**6.5**

**5.5**

**6.0**

**7.0**

**4.0**

**5.0**

**Runway Incursion Rate**
**Runway Incursions per 1,000,000 Tower Operations**

**6.2**

**YTD 09/30/05**

**5.2**

**5.2**

**66.19**

**64.96**

**62.78**

**63.11**

**Rate est. 5.1 **

**5.2**

**RUNWAY INCURSIONS**

## Runway Incursions Category A&B

**0.080**

**66.19**

**64.96**

**Tower Operations  (millions)**

**Category A&B Runway**** ****Incursion Rate**
**Runway Incursions per 100,000 Tower Operations**

**YTD 09/30/05**

**0.06**

**0.10**

**0.08**

**0.09**

**0.07**

**0.05**

**0.04**

**0.057**

**62.78**

**53**

**37**

**32**

**28**

** ****0.051**

**63.10**

**29**

**GPRA Annual (FY05) Performance Limit (36)**

** ****0.047**

**Rate est 0.047**

**3**

## Runway Safety Program

**Mission of ASW Runway Safety Team:**
***To improve Runway Safety in the Southwest Region by decreasing the number and severity of Surface Incidents and Runway Incursions.***

## Location of all Runway Collisions at Towered Airports Since 1990 in USA.

**10,000 x150**

- xx

- xx

**ATL**
**1/90**

**DTW**
**12/90**

**LAX**
**2/91**

**STL**
**11/94**

**SRQ**
**3/00**

**VNY**
**10/01**

**Traffic Flow**

**Location of all Runway Collisions at Towered Airports Since 1990 in USA.**

**Notes:**
Note the traffic flow.
Location covers approximately the 1st half of the runway.
Last example is where 2 general aviation aircraft collided and burned in  Van Nuys, CA.

## Location of Runway Fatalities at Towered Airports since 1990 in USA, with CY 2000 and 2001 Category A and B Runway Incursions.

**10,000 x150**

- xx

- xx

**Traffic Flow**

**Collisions**

**2001 A Events**

**2000 A Events**

**2001 B Events**

**2000 B Events**

**DTW**
**12/90**

**LAX**
**2/91**

**SRQ**
**3/00**

**ATL**
**1/90**

**STL**
**11/94**

- 2/3 of runway

**Location of Runway Fatalities at Towered Airports since 1990 in USA, with CY 2000 and 2001 Category A and B Runway Incursions.**

**Notes:**
Most A’s and B’s occurred on the first 2/3 of the runway or the first 60% of the runway.
Avoid crossing the runway on the first 2/3 of the runway.  
Don’t let the tower put you into position and hold and keep you there more than a minute or so – they can forget you are there.  Call the tower if that happens to you.

## Building a Safety Culture: What Organizations Can Do

**Define a clear policy regarding human error**
- Accept error but not intentional non-compliance
**Revise procedures where appropriate**
**Use confidential reporting systems to uncover threats (ASAP)**
**Analyze events**
**Provide formal training in threat and error management – CRM as Threat and Error Management**

## The Reason ModelDeveloped by Prof. James Reason

**Accident  Trajectory**

**Defenses or Barriers**

**Gaps or Weaknesses in the**
** ****Defenses or Barriers**

- BANG

## Risky Activity!

## Riskier

- Activity

## Key Points

**The trend lines of improvement to surface safety are flattening out, except for OE’s which are getting worse nationally.**
**Improvements which have been achieved must be maintained through education, training, awareness activities, and improving marking, lighting, signage, and airport geometry where possible.**
**We are seeing about the same number of human errors every year but the severity of these incidents and incursions have been greatly reduced.**
**We can’t eliminate human error totally, but we are managing better.  **

## Slide 21

## Employment Opportunities

_**[http://faa.gov/jobs/](http://faa.gov/jobs/)**_
_**[http://www.nasajobs.nasa.gov/](http://www.nasajobs.nasa.gov/)**_
_**[http://jobsearch.usajobs.opm.gov/](http://jobsearch.usajobs.opm.gov/)**_

## Slide 24

## Slide 25

## NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULEMAKING IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION ACT

**NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULEMAKING IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION ACT**

**1000.A         **No pilot or pilots, or person or persons acting on the direction or suggestion or supervision of the pilot, or pilots may try, or attempt to try or make attempt to try to comprehend or understand any or all, in whole or in part of the herein mentioned Federal Aviation Regulations, except as authorized by the Administrator or an agent appoint by, or inspected by the Administrator.
**1000.B        **If the pilot, or group of associated pilots becomes aware of, or realizes, or detects, or discovers or finds that he, or she, or they, are or have been beginning to understand the Federal Aviation Regulations, they must immediately, within three(3) days, notify, in writing, the Administrator.
**1000.C        **Upon receipt of the above mentioned notice of impending comprehension, the Administrator will immediately rewrite the Federal Aviation Regulations in such a manner as to eliminate any further comprehensive hazards.
**1000.D        **The Administrator may, at his or her option, require the offending pilot, or pilots, to attend remedial instruction in Federal Aviation Regulations until such time that the pilot is too confused to be capable of understanding anything.