# Presentation: 341156

## Biofuels activities in Sweden

**August 21, 2007**
**Fredrik Odelram**
**Ministry of Agriculture, Stockholm, Sweden**

**Notes:**
Ministry of agriculture has responsibility for both agriculture and forestry. Today the topic will mainly focus on the forestry.

This presentation is divided into two parts.
1) Renewable energy 
2) Biofuel in Sweden

## Minnesota vs Sweden

|   | Minnesota | Sweden |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Population | ~ 5 million | ~ 9 million |
| Area | 225 000 km2 | 450 000 km2 |

**Notes:**
This is not news to any of you, I think, but starting to prepare this talk I began looking at some comparisons between Michigan and Sweden. 

It seems to me there are many similarities; to start with in terms of size ....

## Renewable energy in Sweden

## Energy supply in Sweden(excluding net electricity export)

- SOURCE: 	STATISTICS SWEDEN; ADDITIONAL PROCESSING BY THE SWEDISH ENERGY AGENCY
- Note: 	1) Includes wind power up to and including 1996.
- 	2) Calculated in accordance with the UN/ECE method for energy supply from nuclear power.

**Notes:**
If we look at the supply of energy over the years, we can also see a marked diversification. 

The largest trends are that the use of oil has decreased and the use of nuclear energy has increased. 

By the way – this picture looks like the energy use has increased. That is not the case. The thing to note is that this shows total supply – and nuclear includes the losses – that is about two thirds of the energy in the nuclear fuel is lost as heat, and does not show up in the final consumption)
Basically the same type of loss appear for all types of energy but is only reported for nuclear.

Smaller trends to note is that biomass has increased.

Also noteable is that there is very little use of coal and Natural gas in the system.  

## Share of renewable energy in TPES

- N.B. the share of renewable energy varies from year to year; depending on rainfall, cold winter etc.

- 110 TWh

**Notes:**

This represents the situation in 2004.

In total – we now have a total Primary Energy Supply where renewabels approaches a third of the total!
Hydropower is an important part of the renewables, but biofuels are the biggest contribution. 

The bioenergy part is mainly from our forestry sector. Agriculture is a small part of the total.
It should be noted that a large part of the bioenergy in forestry is the eneergy production (and consumption), integrated in the chemical pulp production process.

## Main policies and measures for renewable energy

- Energy taxation, especially the carbon dioxide tax on fossil fuels
- Renewable Electricity Certificates
- Emissions Trading System

## Energy input to district heating

**Energy input to district heating**

- SOURCE: STATISTICS SWEDEN; ADDITIONAL PROCESSING BY THE SWEDISH ENERGY AGENCY

**Notes:**
The use of bioenergy in the district heating has been growing rapidly. During the 70s almost only oil was used. Today the share of oil is limited and the dominating source is bioenergy. 

Due to high co2-tax on fossil fuel for district heating consumption. Strong incentive for bioenergy.

## Biofuels for transport in Sweden

## Final energy use in the transport sector

- SOURCE: STATISTICS SWEDEN; ADDITIONAL PROCESSING BY THE SWEDISH ENERGY AGENCY

## Final energy use in renewable motor fuels

- SOURCE: STATISTICS SWEDEN, SWEDISH GAS ASSOCIATION

## Share of transport fuels

**Share of transport fuels**

**Notes:**
E5 is blended in almost all petrol

## Main policies and measures for biofuels for transport

- Obligation for large filling stations to provide biofuels
- Environmental policy for government vehicles
- Research, Development and Demonstration

**Main policies and measures for ****biofuels for transport**

**Notes:**
No co2 or energy tax on biofuels

R6D both now for future solutions, but also earlier – demonstration fleets, etc

Three pilot plants:
one on ethanol from cellulosa, 
black liquor gasification 
gasification of biomass

## Research, development and demonstration on 2nd generation biofuels

- Ethanol from Cellulosic Raw Materials
- DME – DiMethylEther
- Methanol
- Fischer-Tropsch Biofuels
- Biogas and Renewable SNG
- ...

## Pilot plants for the development of biofuels for transport

**G****asification of black liquor ****in Piteå**Inaugurated in 2005Gasification of black liquor to synthesis gas for subsequent production of biofuels like DME, or for heat and power

**Pilot plants for the development of biofuels for transport**

## Pilot plants for the development of biofuels for transport (continued)

**Gasification of biomass (Clean Hydrogen-Rich Synthesis Gas) at the Värnamo Biomass Gasification Centre**The pilot plant makes use of the existing and unique biomass-fuelled pressurised IGCC (integrated gasification combined-cycle) CHP (combined heat and power) plant in Värnamo

**Pilot plants for the development of biofuels for transport (continued)**

## Pilot Plants for Alternative Motor Fuels

**Pilot Plants ****for ****Alternative Motor Fuels**

**Värnamo**
- Synthetic Gas from Biomass

**Piteå**
- Black Liquor Gasification Facility

**Örnsköldsvik**
- Ethanol from cellulosic raw materials