# Presentation: 536335

## Satellite Data Applications within NMFS

**Satellite Data Applications within NMFS**

**Cara Wilson****       ****NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC ****Environmental Research Division (ERD)****(formerly PFEL)**** **

**Integrating Satellite Data Products into Ecosystem-Based Management of Living Marine Resources ****MBARI, Moss Landing, CA, May 3-5, 2006**

- Environmental

## Acknowledgments

**Acknowledgments**

***Special thanks to ***
***Stan Wilson and John Pereira (NESDIS)***
***and***
***NOAA’s Satellite Research & Operations (R&O) transition project***

## NMFS-Satellite group 

**NMFS-Satellite group **

**Established Jan 2005 **
**Satellite POCs for each science center ****(appointed by lab director) **
**	****	****AFSC****	****	****Jeff Napp (Seattle) ****	****NEFSC****	****Jay O’Reilly (****Narragansett****) ****	****	****NWFSC****	****Bill Peterson (****Newport****) ****	****PIFSC****	****Jeff Polovina**** (Honolulu) ****	****	****SEFSC****	****Tom Leming**** (****Mississippi****)****	****	****SWFSC****	****Cara Wilson**** (****Pacific Grove****)****	****ST****	****	****Kenric Osgood (Silver Spring)****	**

***POC also a CoastWatch PI ***
***Labs outside of the regional HQ laboratory***

## The NMFS ‘Road Tour’ Schedule 

**	****AFSC****	****	****Seattle, WA****	****Jun  7, 2005****	****SWFSC****	*********	****La Jolla, CA****	****Jun 15, 2005****	****	****PIFSC****	****	****Honolulu, HI****	****Jul 18, 2005****	****SEFSC****	*********	****Miami, FL****	****Jul 26, 2005****	****NEFSC****	****	****Narragansett, RI****	****Aug  2, 2005****	****NWFSC****	****	****Newport, OR****	****Aug 16, 2005****	****AFSC****	*********	****Juneau, AK****	****Jan 31, 2006 ****	****	****NEFSC****	*********	****Woods Hole, MA****	****Mar 10, 2006****	****NMFS HQ****	**** ****	****Silver Spring, MD****	****Mar 13, 2006**** ****	****NESDIS HQ****	****  Silver Spring, MD****	****Mar 14, 2006****	****SWFSC****	*********	****Santa Cruz, CA****	****May  ?, 2006 **
- * NMFS Satellite POC not at this lab**	**

**The NMFS ‘Road Tour’ Schedule **

## Outline

**Outline**

**	**
**Examples of satellite data usage with fisheries **
**Some history **
**	****	**

## Ultimate Ecosystem 

**Ultimate Ecosystem**** **

**from presentation by Jack Dunnigan, former Ecosystem Goal Team Lead**

## 

**Satellite data can ****NOT**** ****directly measure populations of fish, lobsters, whales, turtles, etc.**

****

## Satellite data measures oceanic parameters of habitat and ecosystems  that influence marine resources 

**Satellite data measures oceanic parameters of habitat and ecosystems  that influence marine resources **

## Large Marine Ecosystems

**Large Marine Ecosystems**

**Annual satellite-derived Primary Productivity and the outlines of the 64 defined LMEs**

***Sherman et al., MEPS, 2005    NOAA/NMFS/NEFSC***

## Ocean ‘fronts’, boundaries, ‘edges’
River plumes
Coastal regions
Mesoscale circulation patterns: eddies, meanders, ‘loops’
Convergence zones
Subsurface thermal structure: MLD, thermocline
Ocean surface winds
Ocean currents
Wave heights

- Ocean ‘fronts’, boundaries, ‘edges’
- River plumes
- Coastal regions
- Mesoscale circulation patterns: eddies, meanders, ‘loops’
- Convergence zones
- Subsurface thermal structure: MLD, thermocline
- Ocean surface winds
- Ocean currents
- Wave heights

**Ocean Features ****Important to Ecosystems**** **

**Most of these ocean features can not be adequately resolved without satellite data**

**Notes:**
Many of these ocean features are easily measurable, or detected, by satellite data  

## Upwelling 
Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs)
Oil Spills
Seasonal Transitions 
El Niño events 
Regime Shifts (i.e. PDO) 
Global Climate Change

- Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs)
- Oil Spills
- Seasonal Transitions
- El Niño events
- Regime Shifts (i.e. PDO)
- Global Climate Change

**Climate Data Records (CDRs) of satellite measurements need to be maintained!**

***Climate change can affect the timing and/or intensity of many of these processes ***

**Temporal Events ****Important to Ecosystems**

**Notes:**
Many of these events are easily measurable, or detected, by satellite data. Climate quality records of satellite data will be necessary to ensure that regime shifts and global climate change can be recorded by our satellite datasets.  Even 

## Oceanic Food Web

**Oceanic Food Web**

**Modified from Pauly & Christensen [1993]**

**Detritus**

**Benthic**
**fish**

**Benthic**
**invertebrates**

**Small ****zooplankton**

**Large ****zooplankton**

**Trophic Level**

**Misc.****fish**

**Mesopelagics**

**Small ****squids**

**Marine****mammals**

**Tuna, ****billfish**

**Phytoplankton**

**4**
**3**
**2**
**1**

**Large****squids**

**Small ****pelagics**

****

**Fishing**

- ≈ Satellite measured Chlorophyll

## Timing of the Spring bloom and Haddock Survival

**From Platt et al.,**** Nature, 2003**

**Test of the ****match-mismatch**** hypothesis**** **
**Annual anomaly in the timing of the spring bloom based on SeaWiFS chlorophyll data **

**Timing of the Spring bloom and Haddock Survival**

**Early****      ****Late**** **

**Late****                Early **

*(Melanogrammus aeglefinus)*

**Earlier bloom means more time in the ‘green’ zone**

## Characterizing Habitat 

**Characterizing Habitat **

- NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC PFEL

**Loggerhead turtle tracks along the Transitional Zone Chlorophyll Front (TZCF) in the N. Pacific during Feb. ‘01**
**The TZCF is an important foraging ground for a number of commercial and protected species.  **
**Interannual variability in its location has been tied to the reproductive success of endangered monk seal pups.**

***Polovina et al., Fish. Ocean., 2004***
***NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC***

**SSH**

**Chlorophyll**** **

**Notes:**
Figure taken from the PDF of their paper

## Defining Salmon Ocean Habitat

**Defining Salmon ****Ocean Habitat**

**Temperature and depth tag ****(not a cigarette!)**

- NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC ERD

**Notes:**
Tags are retrieved if the fish is caught and the fisherman returns the tag (monetary reward for doing so). 

Contributed by George Watters & Jefferson Hinke, NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC/ERD

## Chinook Potential Habitat

**Chinook Potential Habitat**

- NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC PFEL

**Satellite**** ****SST**

- OR

- OR

- CA

- CA

**Density of fish’s temperature experience at the surface from tag data**

**“****Contours of utilization” – likely fish location**

**Probability Density**

**Surface Temp**

*Hinke et al., MEPS, 2005    NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC*

*(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)*

**Notes:**
Temperature data from the tag, which has recorded the temperature of water experienced by the fish, is used in conjunction with satellite SST data to determine the potential habitat of the fish. 

Contributed by George Watters & Jefferson Hinke, NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC/ERD

## Discovering Habitat? 

**Discovering Habitat? **

**Large recurrent chlorophyll blooms discovered with satellite data in the middle of the oligotrophic Pacific gyre. **
**The blooms occur within the target area of several fisheries, including albacore and swordfish, but their impact on higher trophic levels is not known. **

***Wilson, GRL, 2003  NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC***

- 35°N
- 30°N
- 25°N
- 20°N

- 150°W                    140°W                  130°W

**0.00        0.05         0.10        0.15         0.20         0.25        0.30**
**SeaWiFS Chlorophyll (mg/m****3****) **

**Oct 2000**

**> 500 km in diameter **

## Right Whale Forecast

**Right Whale Forecast**

- Pershing and Monger,  Cornell University, funded by NOAA’s Right Whale Grants Program
- www.geo.cornell.edu/whales

*****

**=**

**Whale feeding areas**

*****

**=**

**Ship strikes are biggest source of mortality to highly endangered (<400 left) Right Whales. Ability to predict their location will help NOAA minimize ship traffic in those regions.**

**Notes:**
Andrew Persing & Bruce Monger have developed an operational system to estimate potential right whale foraging areas
Centerpiece is a model that merges satellite data into information on the abundance of zooplankton
First (and only) operational system for zooplankton assessment, which could be used for many more species than just whales
Currently the project is in the  proof of concept stage and is not being used for any management decisions, but that is the ultimate objective
Locating whales in space and time is crucial for both the ship strike and entanglement issues. 

Contributed by Andrew Pershing, Cornell University

## Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) detection

**Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) detection**

**Orbimage - SeaWiFS**

**NOAA National Ocean Service**** **
** **

**Operational Monitoring and Forecasting of HABs in the Gulf of Mexico**
** **

*Courtesy of Rick Stumpf, NOS*
** **

**Notes:**
HABs are caused by several organisms with differing characteristics and life histories, which can complicate the ability to detect and monitor these events by remote sensing. 
 For remote sensing to be effective, the organism responsible for the HAB must be detectable, either directly, through its effect on ocean color, or indirectly by correlation with other algal blooms, or in association with a water mass that can be detected by other satellite data such as SST or SSH.  
The NOS operational HAB forecast in GOM uses a combination of satellite data, field observations, buoy data and modeling 
 Field observations needed to ground-truth satellite observed blooms as HABs; chlorophyll data is not sufficient to distinguish harmful from non-harmful algae.

The dominant species varies with geographical location, and hence algorithms to detect HABs have to be regionally specific. For example algorithms developed to detect Karenia brevis in the Gulf of Mexico will not necessarily detect blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia  off the US west coast

Contributed by Rick Stumpf, NOAA/NOS

## Cruise Support  

**Cruise Support  **

- NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC PFEL

**Domoic Acid levels (circles) measured during an ECOHAB survey, overlaid on top of satellite chlorophyll.**
**Satellite chlorophyll data is also crucial for monitoring development of harmful algal blooms (HABs).**

***From Vera Trainer***
***NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC***

## Policy & Regulation

**Policy & Regulation**

- 

- On the east coast Coastwatch SST data is used by NMFS management to regulate operation of the flounder fishery and TED requirements in order to mitigate catch of endangered sea turtles
- Special SST data product is maintained by NOAA’s West Coast CoastWatch node for NMFS SWR fishery managers, mandated  for use in managing Calif.fishery to mitigate turtle by-catch

**Notes:**
More frequent sampling, as will be done with the GOES-R satellite, will provide better coverage in areas with persistent cloud coverage. 

## Question...

**Question...**

**The high temporal and spatial resolution of satellite data, and its continuity, make satellite data an important tool for monitoring and characterizing marine ecosystems.  Yet, the full potential of satellite data has not been realized within NMFS, or within fisheries science more generally. **
**Why is satellite data underutilized within NMFS, and what can be done to take advantage of the wealth of information this data can provide?****  **

## Some History

**Some History**

**1996 ****	*****Changing Oceans and Changing Fisheries: Environmental Data for Fisheries Research and Management***** workshop at PFEL (SWFSC). **
**Establishment of FATE, “Fisheries and the Environment” Program. **
**2003***** ******	******Building Environmentally Explicit Stock Assessments***** ****workshop at Asilomar (sponsored by PFEL).**
**2005 ****	****Fisheries involvement in NOAA’s satellite R&O (Research & Operations) program led to the establishment of NMFS satellite working group **
**2006*****	******Integrating Satellite Data Products into Ecosystem-Based Management of Living Marine Resources *****workshop at MBARI, jointly sponsored by NASA and NOAA**

## Ten Years Ago...

**Ten Years Ago...**

**Changing Oceans and Changing Fisheries: Environmental Data for Fisheries Research and Management**
***Workshop held at PFEL* July 16-18, 1996***
**Copies of the workshop report available here, and on the web at **
**http://www.pfel.noaa.gov/events/workshops/env_data_1996**
***now Environmental Research Division (ERD)**

## Recommendations from 1996 workshop

**Recommendations ****from 1996 workshop**

**48 specific recommendations**
**5 general themes: **
**Develop base-line climatologies of important environmental parameters to be able to place current conditions in a historical context **
**Apply new data technologies to fisheries**
**Improve communication and expertise across disciplines, NOAA, and other agencies  **
**Demonstrate the benefits of applying environmental data in fisheries**
**Improve data accessibility for fisheries scientists**

*From 1996 workshop report, pgs 116-120*

## NMFS R&O FY05 Funded Project

**NMFS R&O FY05 Funded Project**

**Facilitate access to multiple satellite data sets to meet fisheries & IOOS needs**

-  **Three primary results: **
**Establishment of internal NMFS-satellite working group **
**A series of informational seminars given at all 6 Fisheries Science Centers during the summer of 2005 (and continued into 2006...)**** **
**Access provided to global time-series of satellite-derived primary productivity, SSH and geostrophic currents via new Coastwatch West Coast Data Browser, the Oceanwatch Live Access Server (LAS) and by OPeNDAP technology at NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC/ERD **
** **