# Presentation: 555989

## Landscape Fire and Resource 

**Landscape Fire and Resource **
**Management Planning Tools Project**
**National Park Service**
**Fifth Annual Inventory and Monitoring Workshop**
**San Diego, California**
**February 6****th**** , 2006 **

**Notes:**
Thank you

## LANDFIRE – Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools Project 

**Objectives:**
**LANDFIRE goals and objectives**
**Primer on data and models**
**Q & A **

**Notes:**
My objective today is to give you a little background on the LANDFIRE Program, how it came into existence, and what it hopes to accomplish;
And give you a primer on the data LANDFIRE is creating, particularly the vegetation layers as those layers are perhaps of greatest interest to this audience.
And answer questions...

## LANDFIRE – Chartered by Wildland Fire Leadership Council

**Healthy Forests Initiative**
**Healthy Forests Restoration Act**
**	****- Community Wildfire Protection Plans**
**National Fire Plan**
**Consistent stewardship of public lands**** **

**to improve science support of:**

**Notes:**
Background:
GAO reports no consistent way of addressing fire problems within and between agencies.
OMB – looking for performance measures to improve accountability.

## Project Objectives

**Develop a fire and fuels data base that:**
**is comprehensive**
**is consistent**
**is scientifically-based**
**is repeatable**
**aids collaboration and coordination across ownerships, federal and otherwise**

**Notes:**
Comprehensive and consistent – the ability to compare fire potential across the country and evaluate potential for loss of ecological function.
Use good science, not create new science. Thus LANDFIRE is not a research project designed to create new knowledge, but rather to use existing information to develop decision support tools.
But, LANDFIRE is creating a framework which may have a lot of utility to researchers, and to monitoring.

## LANDFIRE – Sponsors

**United States Department of Agriculture**
**Unites States Department of Interior**
**National Association of State Foresters**
**Federal Emergency Management Agency**
**Western Governors’ Association**
**Intertribal Timber Council**
**National Association of Counties**

**Notes:**
All federal land management agencies, with coordination with state, county, and tribal governments.

## Project Leadership Partners

- DOI USGS
- National
- Center
- EROS
- Sioux Falls,
- SD

**Notes:**
Three Partners:
National Center for Earth Resources and Observation Science (EROS)
Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory
The Nature Conservancy

## LANDFIRE –  Public and Private Partnerships:

**Forest Service R&D**
**Forest Inventory and Analysis**
**NatureServe**
**Student Conservation Organization**
**Science Application International Corp**
**Systems for Environmental Management**

**Notes:**
Additional cooperators

## LANDFIRE –  Three Phases:

**LANDFIRE Prototype**
**	****-Two Map Zones – Completed in 2005**
**Rapid Assessment**
**	****-Entire US – Completed in 2006**
**LANDFIRE National Implementation**
**	****-Completed in 2009**

**Notes:**
Brief mention of three parts
Primary focus on National Implementation

**Rapid Assessment **
**Reference Fire**
**Regimes**

**Notes:**
E.g., one layer in Rapid Assessment
Uses expert opinion, similar to the coarse-scale.
Uses 30-meter MRLC 2000 map so has 30 meter resolution, similar to LANDFIRE National Implementation

**Rapid Assessment **
**Fire Regimes**
**Condition Class**

**Notes:**
E.g., Fire Regime Condition Class (FRCC), a requirement of the Healthy Forest Restoration Act

## Slide 11

**Notes:**
FRCC is a key LANDFIRE deliverable.

## LANDFIRE – What It Provides

_**For the entire US:**_
**Mapped wildland fuels**
**Mapped Fire Regime Condition Classes**
**Mapped vegetation attributes**
**Mapped biophysical settings and environmental attributes**

**Notes:**
This is a good place to highlight the unique characteristics of LANDFIRE.  

Having a national, approach is better than smaller local or regional efforts, which may be incapable of building a consistent and comprehensive set of data.  
Based on multiple Landsat-TM scenes.

## LANDFIRE – What it provides cont.

**Nationally consistent fuels and vegetation data**
**Data to identify areas with excessive hazardous fuels**
**Data to improve hazardous fuels treatment coordination between agencies**
**Data for strategic fuel treatment planning**
**Data for real time fire behavior simulation**
**Data for additional R&D**
**Fully repeatable**

## E.g., Current Fuels Data

**E.g., Current Fuels Data**
**9-Mile Ranger District, Lolo National Forest**

**Notes:**
How is LANDFIRE different to and related to other vegetation mapping products and data currently available?  
This slide illustrates the current state of vegetation data on many National Forest units. Many land management units lack good map-able data all together. Where such data exist they were developed to answer specific agency needs, e.g., stand data for timber sale preparation.
Management agencies are continuously developing data to meet local needs.  These data often contain very specific locally important information affecting management decisions.
These data will always be an important component of local decisions as they often have better spatial and ecological specificity, e.g., ESA and values at risk, than LANDFIRE can hope to achieve. Thus these data are still important, specifically, for example, to run stand-level models such as FFE-FVS and NEXUS for designing specific treatment prescriptions.
However, the limitations of these data are evident:

## E.g., LANDFIRE Fuels

**E.g., LANDFIRE Fuels**
**9-Mile Ranger District, Lolo National Forest**

**Notes:**
Many ecologically important processes such as fire, insects, disease, and wildlife migrations are not constrained by political boundaries. Likewise informed management is not constrained by these boundaries.
This slide illustrates prototype LANDFIRE data for the same area and the same fuel models across the boundary. It illustrates the difference between the interagency, landscape-based approach of LANDFIRE and the agency-based historical management-based inventories currently available. The private Ag, and WUI land in purple is particularly evident.
LANDFIRE provides data that can help to identify the context, i.e., where a resource of interest or concern is located relative to other suitable habitats or risk factors. 

LANDFIRE triples the number of fuel models available for managers there by providing more resolution than current systems.

The existing data are very useful to local managers in designing fuels treatment and restoration projects under the National Fire Plan and Healthy Forest Restoration Act. But they will not support landscape-scale, interagency management of processes such as fire and insect and disease infestation. Nor do they provide an adequate context for the social-political framework driving current management as dictated by federal laws and policies.

LANDFIRE is designed to provide all managers with a consistent framework for developing local fuels treatments, setting national fuels treatment priorities,  and providing data for monitoring progress under HFRA and NFP. And it provides all managers with baseline data and analysis tools for the design and implementation of treatments as well as data to support national Incident Management Team’s wildfire behavior prediction needs.

## LANDFIRE – Description

**Fuel & fire potential layers**
**Vegetation attribute layers ****(composition & structure)**
**Extensive field reference database**
**Uses state of the art GIS**
**Satellite imagery**
**Environmental/Ecological GIS layers**
**Uses a suite of models**
**Biogeochemical simulation**
**Weather summary ****(23 years)**
**Landscape fire succession**
**Ecosystem condition rating**

## LANDFIRE – Description Cont.

**Acquires 36 GIS data layers**
**Creates 82 new data layers:**
**	****60 modeled biophysical gradient layers**
**	****9 vegetation layers, and**
**	****13 wildland fuels layers**

**Notes:**

LANDFIRE   
Acquires 36 GIS data layers
Creates 82 new data layers:
60 modeled biophysical gradient layers
9 vegetation layers, and
13 wildland fuels layers

## Basic Methodology

**Fire**

**Regime**

**Fuel**

**Loads **

**(Tons/Acre)**

_**Mapped Deliverables **_

**Field Reference Database**

**Existing vegetation**

**Biophysical Setting**

**Fuels**

**Structure**

_**Databases**_

**Vegetation**

**Classification**

**Remote **

**Sensing**

**Fire Behavior/**

**Effects**

** ****Models**

**Landscape **

**modeling**

**See5**

_**Methods**_

**Climate**

**Ecophysiological**

**Topography/**

**Edaphic**

**LANDFIRE**

**GIS**

**Vegetation**

**Landsat 7**

**Fuel**

**Model**

**FRCC**

**Basic Methodology**

**Notes:**
LANDFIRE uses field reference data, remote sensing data, local and regional ecological information, biogeochemical cycling models, and LANDSUM v.4 successional model to develop a series of data layers representing past and current vegetation and fuels.

## LANDFIRE ProductReferenceDatabase

**LANDFIRE ****Product****Reference****Database**

**Notes:**
Graphic from Karen Short, reference data base manager, that shows progress on collecting information for the reference database, with locations of approximately 271,000 data points as of October 2005. More data are added every day.

LANDFIRE assimilates FIA, GAP, and other Agency data as well as data voluntarily  provided by other ecologists into one master data set. Where data are missing field crews are sent to collect data for the vegetation classification.

This slide shows the density of plots for the areas that were in the data base as of October 27th, 2005.

## Map Attributes Table 

**	****- project information**
**	****- location information **
**	****- LANDFIRE Environmental Site Potential**
**	****- LANDFIRE Biophysical Setting **
**	****- LANDFIRE Existing Vegetation Type**
**	****- Percentage cover of dominant and co-dominant species**
**	****- Percentage cover and height by lifeform**
**	****- Photo IDs**
**	****- QA/QC information for LANDFIRE mapping teams**

**Examples of National LANDFIRE Reference Database Elements**

**Notes:**
Map Attributes Table contains data used by just about all teams that consume reference data directly. . . .
LANDFIRE produces complete open source descriptions of all methods and procedures, meeting FGDC standards.

## Environmental Gradients 

**Climate**
- Temperature, precipitation
- Solar radiation
- Ave. Annual ET
**Topography**
- DEM, slope, aspect
- Shade index

**Biogeochemical**
- NPP, LAI, PET, AET
- Photosynthetic active radiation
**Soil**
- Soil depth, soil moisture
- Total carbon in soil

**Environmental**** ****Gradients **

**Notes:**
E.g., climate (DAYMET), topography, and soils (NRCS-Stratsgo) data are processed through Wx-BGC, a LANDFIRE variant of Biome-BGC to model the water, energy, and nutrient budgets underlying site productivity.
These help us identify what is possible on a site, and the underlying direction and rate of ecological change.

## Ecological Site Potential (ESP):What is it?

***Biophysical conditions and potential vegetation***

- Areas with relatively homogeneous biophysical conditions can be related to specific vegetation communities

- High temperature, low precipitation:
- Ex: *xeric shrubs*

- Moderate temp., moderate precip.:
- Ex: *foothill shrubs and woodland*

- Low temperature, high precipitation:
- Ex:* conifer forest*

**Notes:**
This slide helps to illustrate the relationship between biophysical conditions and potential vegetation.  For example, xeric shrubs tend to grow in areas with high temperatures and low precipitation, whereas foothill shrubs and woodland communities tend to grow in areas with moderate temperatures and moderate amounts of precipitation.  Lastly, coniferous forest communities grow in areas with lower temperatures and higher amounts of precipitation. 

## Potential Vegetation:What are Maps of PV Used For?

***Purpose of potential vegetation maps***

- To compartmentalize (stratify) the landscape into units
- to identify differences in

**Examples:**
- 	Maps of environmental site potential can be used as a predictor in creating maps of existing vegetation types or maps of various fuel characteristics.
- 	Maps of biophysical settings are useful for creating maps that characterize the departure of current conditions from  reference conditions (such as FRCC).

- ►Vegetation patterns
- ►Succession processes
- ►Disturbance processes

**Notes:**
How do we use maps of potential vegetation? Maps of potential vegetation compartmentalize (stratify) the landscape to identify differences in a landscape’s vegetation patterns, succession processes, and disturbance processes. 
Maps of potential vegetation can be used for different purposes. For example, in LANDFIRE, maps of environmental site potential can be used as predictors in creating maps of existing vegetation types and maps of various fuel characteristics.  Maps of biophysical settings are useful for creating maps that characterize the departure of current conditions from reference conditions, such as fire regime condition class (FRCC). 

## Potential Vegetation:LANDFIRE PV Classification Systems

| Environmental Site Potential (ESP) | Biophysical Settings (BpS) |
| --- | --- |
| Represents the late-seral plant community that would occupy a site in the absence of disturbance | Represents the late-seral plant community that would occupy a site under the natural disturbance regime |
| 
Similar in concept to USFS’s “PNV”
 | 
Similar in concept to BLM’s      and NRCS’ “Ecosites”
 |
| Supports the mapping of fuel and existing vegetation
 | Supports the mapping of historical fire regimes, reference conditions, and FRCC. |

**Notes:**
There are two potential vegetation layers that will be delivered by LANDFIRE: Environmental Site Potential (ESP) and Biophysical Settings (BpS). 
Environmental site potential represents the late-seral plant community that would occupy a site in the absence of disturbance. The Environmental Site Potential layer is analogous to what the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) calls potential natural vegetation or PNV. The ESP layer is instrumental in the LANDFIRE process for deriving layers describing fuel and existing vegetation.
A biophysical setting characterizes the late-seral community that would occupy a site under the natural disturbance regime. Biophysical Settings (BpS) are analogous to what the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) refer to as “ecological sites” or “ecosites.” In the LANDFIRE process, the BpS layer links directly to succession and disturbance models and is key for deriving historical fire regimes, reference conditions, and FRCC.

## Biophysical Settings

**Biophysical Settings**

_**Input Variables**_
- LFRDB (Training Sites)
- NPP
- Outflow
- NEE
- Potential ET
- VPD
- Plan_Curve
- Soil depth
- Elevation
- TMax
- PPT
- Etc.

- _Accuracy_
- 64% (Khat = 0.52)

**Notes:**
Transition: e.g., various biophysical attributes that can be mapped and overlain.

## Existing Vegetation 

**►****What is Existing Vegetation?**
**►****What are Maps of Existing Vegetation Used For?**
**►****LANDFIRE Existing Vegetation Layers**

**Notes:**
What is existing vegetation and what purpose do maps of existing vegetation serve? I’ll then address the four existing vegetation layers mapped for LANDFIRE. 

## Existing Vegetation:What is it?

***Existing vegetation***

- The vegetation community occupying the site “today”
- Commonly characterized by

**LANDFIRE existing vegetation layers:**

- ►Existing Vegetation Type
- ►Existing Vegetation Cover
- ►Existing Vegetation Height
- ►Succession Classes

**Composition**
- and
**Structure**

**Notes:**

Existing vegetation characterizes the vegetation that occurs on a given site “today,” regardless of what the potential vegetation may be. For the purposes of LANDFIRE, “today” is dictated by the date the satellite imagery was taken.
Existing vegetation is commonly described by the composition and structure (such as diameter, height, and cover) of a plant community.  
LANDFIRE will deliver four layers that characterize existing vegetation: Existing Vegetation Type, Existing Vegetation Cover, Existing Vegetation Height, and Succession Classes. 

## Existing Vegetation:What are Maps of EV Used For?

***Purpose of existing vegetation maps***

**A LANDFIRE end-product**

- Maps of existing vegetation are also used* *

**Used by land managers**
**to characterize existing conditions.**

- ►to determine the departure of current conditions from reference conditions
- ►to map fuel

**Notes:**
Maps of existing vegetation are a LANDFIRE end-product. They’re used by land managers to characterize existing conditions. Maps of existing vegetation are also used to determine the departure of current conditions from reference conditions and to map fuel characteristics – two key goals of LANDFIRE.

## Existing Vegetation:LANDFIRE EV Layers: EVT

***Existing Vegetation Type (EVT)***

| Characterizes species composition |
| --- |
| Described first by life form:
Forest, Woodland, Shrubland, Herbland

Dictated by the vegetation 
that is dominant in terms of height
 |
| Described next by species (or species group) that is dominant in terms of cover |

**Notes:**
Existing vegetation type (EVT) characterizes species composition. It characterizes the species that are dominant in terms of height and then cover.  For example, if trees occupy the site with at least ten percent cover, the EVT will denote forest or woodland.  If trees are essentially absent, but shrubs are present with at least ten percent cover, the EVT will denote shrubland.  If trees and shrubs are essentially absent, but grasses and forbs have at least ten percent cover, the EVT will denote herbland.  Lastly, if all forms of vegetation are essentially absent, then the EVT will denote a non-vegetated class such as sparsely vegetated, barren, water, snow, etc. 
Once the life form has been established, the EVT depicts the species or group of species that are dominant in terms of cover. 

## Existing Vegetation e.g.,

**Ponderosa pine**
**Lodgepole pine**
**Timberline pine**
**Douglas fir**
**Grand fir/white fir**
**Spruce fir**
**Pi****ñ****on juniper**
**Juniper**
**Riparian hardwoods**
**Aspen birch**
**Mt. Big sage**
**WY/Basin big sage**
**Dwarf sage**
**Sand sage**
**Black brush**
**Chaparral**
**Other evergreen shrub**
**Dry deciduous shrub**

**Mt. Deciduous shrub**
**Riparian deciduous shrub**
**Exotic riparian shrubs**
**Salt desert shrub**
**Desert shrub**
**Rabbit brush**
**Warm season perennial**
**Cool season perennial**
**Wetland herbaceous**
**Alpine herbaceous**
**Annual grasses**
**Native forbs**
**Exotic forbs**
**Barren lands**
**Permanent snow/ice**
**Agriculture**
**Developed lands**
**Water**

**Existing Vegetation e.g.,**

**Notes:**
Dominant species/ physiographic element.

## 9 Mapped Vegetation elements 

**Cover Types****	****	****Percent Cover****	****	****Height**

**9 Mapped Vegetation elements **

**Notes:**
From the existing vegetation type (EVT) we determine the structure of the vegetation by height and cover.

## Existing Vegetation:LANDFIRE EV Layers: EVC

***Existing vegetation cover (EVC)***

- ►The percentage of ground surface covered by vegetation
- ►Measured in percent
- ►Max value = 100%
- ►Directly linked to life form

**Notes:**
Existing vegetation cover (EVC) is the percentage of ground surface covered by overstory vegetation.  Since the understory is not relevant, the maximum value of cover is 100 percent. 
Furthermore, EVC is directly linked to the life form.  Thus, if the EVT denotes a forest or woodland life form, then EVC depicts tree cover; if the EVT denotes shrubland, then the EVC depicts shrub cover, and so on.

## Existing Vegetation:LANDFIRE EV Layers: EVH

***Existing vegetation height (EVH)***

- The average height of the dominant life form weighted by cover

**Notes:**
Existing vegetation height (EVH) characterizes the average height of the dominant life form weighted by cover. For example, if 80 percent of the cover is composed of 50-foot trees, but only 20 percent of the cover is composed of 100-foot trees, then the EVH will be weighted accordingly (EVH = 60 feet). In other words, EVH does not represent the average height of all individuals in the dominant life form, nor does it represent the average height of the dominant individuals.

## Vegetation Structure

**Vegetation Structure**

**Notes:**
E.g., of structural classes,

## Existing Vegetation:LANDFIRE EV Layers: Succession Classes

***Succession classes***

- ►Characterize the successional status of vegetation
- ►Defined through expert workshops and refined through external peer review
- ►Each biophysical setting has a unique set of succession classes

- A = Early Seral, Post-replacement
- B = Mid-seral, Closed
- C = Mid-seral, Open
- D = Late-seral, Open
- E = Late-seral, Closed
- U = Uncharacteristic

**Standard Succession Classes**

**Notes:**
Succession class is a relatively new term for what many may know as vegetation-fuel class. Succession classes characterize the successional status of vegetation. Succession classes, as used in LANDFIRE, were defined through expert workshops and refined through external peer review (see landfire.gov for details). Each biophysical setting has a unique set of succession classes. Succession class is actually derived from the other three layers of existing vegetation (EVT, EVC, EVT) for the purpose of determining the departure of current conditions from reference conditions. 
LANDFIRE uses five or fewer succession classes to characterize the natural composition, structure, and processes of each biophysical setting.  The standard classes are denoted as: A - Early Seral, Post Replacement; B - Mid-seral, Closed; C - Mid-seral, Open; D - Late-seral, Open; and E- Late-seral, Closed.
Although five natural succession classes are displayed here (A to E), some biophysical settings may have only two or three classes, and some biophysical settings may have different descriptive names associated with the classes.  For example, some biophysical settings do not have any “open” classes, and some biophysical settings do not have any “mid-seral” classes.
In addition, an uncharacteristic class (“U”) may occur in altered systems.  The uncharacteristic class represents conditions which would not have been found within the natural range of variability.

## Existing Vegetation:LANDFIRE EV Layers: Succession Classes

***Succession classes***

**Notes:**
This slide displays the succession and disturbance pathways between the succession classes associated with a specific BpS.   

## LANDFIRE Vegetation Classification System:Ecological Systems

***NatureServe’s Ecological Systems***

**√** Meets LANDFIRE’s requirement for a **nationally consistent system that can be applied across the country **

- ►Designed for mid-scale mapping of existing vegetation
- ►Nationally consistent and can be applied nationwide
- ►Provided a template which could be adapted to for mapping potential vegetation
- ►Links to National Vegetation Classification System

**Notes:**
Ecological Systems serves as an ideal classification system for mapping existing vegetation type for two reasons. First, the system was designed for mid-scale mapping of existing vegetation. Second, it is a nationally consistent system that can be applied across the country – across all ecosystems and across all ownerships. This quality not only suits Ecological Systems to the mapping of EVT but also serves the dual purpose of meeting LANDFIRE’s requirement for a nationally consistent system that can be applied nationwide.
Furthermore, the system provided a template which could be adapted to meet LANDFIRE’s needs for mapping potential vegetation (this will be discussed in greater detail later in this section). Lastly, Ecological Systems links directly to the interagency National Vegetation Classification System (NVCS). 

## Slide 38

**Notes:**
The schedule for LANDFIRE mapping sequence is determined by the Interagency Fuels Committee with advice form the LANDFIRE team as to logical sequencing for production efficiecy.

## Inputs to models that simulate real time fire behavior

- Regional scale

- Landscape scale

**LANDFIRE**** ****wildfire  applications:**** **

**Beta-Doris Fire**

**Expected Fire Growth**

**Hydro-electric Plant**

**Current Perimeter**

**Current Perimeter**

**Western Montana 2003**

**Missoula**

**Populated Areas**

**Notes:**
LANDFIRE provides inputs to models that simulate real time fire behavior.

The left figure shows the Beta-Doris Fire 25 miles south of Glacier Park, Montana. FARSITE simulations using LANDFIRE fuels data showed that the fire was likely to spot across Hungry Horse reservoir.  
It takes time to move resources to this area with narrow mountain roads and long distances.  
The Incident Command team was able to preposition resources across the reservoir, who were able to successfully initially attack the fire when it did indeed spot to the north, perhaps saving the town of Martin City, Montana.

The right figure shows a regional application where every day the current MODIS fire perimeters were used to parameterize FARSITE along with the LANDFIRE fuels layers. 
FARSITE was run under a variety of weather scenarios to provide the Multi-Agency Command with rapid response information about where fire complexes were likely to spread over 100 million acre area in Northern Idaho and Western Montana. 
Fire Management, EMS, and County Sheriffs used this information to preposition resources and to issue pre-evacuation notices. Bonneville Power Company provided data on the location of power lines and fire managers were able to pre-treat under several lines preventing a disruption of power service to the entire Northwestern United States.

LANDFIRE will provide managers the ability to predict the potential growth and impacts of fire use fires. And,
It provides a means to model the potential impacts of fires in ecological simulations.

## Screen shot: vegetation, DNBR, FARSITE

- _Cover Types (acres burned)_

- _Burn Severity_

**2003 Rampage Fire**
**Burned Acreage**

**N**

**U.S. Highway 2 **

**U.S. Highway 2 **

**Screen shot: vegetation, DNBR, FARSITE**

***Start Time*****:  08/19/03 – 10/01/03  **
***Location:*****  15 miles Southeast of West Glacier, MT**
***Cause of Fire: ***** Lightning**
***Acres Burned: ***** 24,488**

**Notes:**
Static screen shot, taken from the 3D visualization of the Rampage Fire in Glacier National Park, 2003.

## Monitoring and Updating

- - **National Burn Severity Project **
**	****WFLC Sponsored – annual updating**
**Remapping – proposed 10 year**
**Integrated FEAT (Fire Ecology Assessment Tool) and FIREMON (Fire Effects Monitoring and Inventory Protocol) **

## www.landfire.gov

**www.landfire.gov**

**Notes:**
Visit the LANDFIRE web site @ www.landfire.gov

## Prototype Seamless Server

**Prototype Seamless Server**

- Nationally consistent presentation and dissemination of geospatial products

**Existing     vegetation cover types**

**√**

**www.nationalmap.gov**

**Notes:**
 24 layers of data will be available on the USGS National Maps web site.
Requests for other data layers for R&D or management purposes will be handled by request.

## Key Contacts:

**Remote Sensing – vegetation mapping:**
**	****Zhi-Liang Zhu EROS (zhu@usgs.gov)**
**Ecological Modeling:**
**	****Matt Rollins MFSL (mrollins@fs.fed.us)**
**Tech Transfer:**
**	****Wendel Hann (whann@fs.fed.us)**
**General R&D:**
**	****Kevin Ryan MFSL(kryan@fs.fed.us)**
**General Business:**
**	****Henry Bastian OWFC (henry_bastian@ios.doi.gov)**
** **

## Additional web sites

- Fire Regime Guidebook   (http://www.frcc.gov/)
- Fire Program Analysis (http://www.fpa.nifc.gov/)
- Burn Severity Mapping (http://burnseverity.cr.usgs.gov/fire_main.asp)

## Thank You

**Notes:**
Thank you.