# Presentation: 028997

## FLICC Content Management Working Group
Annual Update - 9/14/2005

- FLICC Content Management Working Group
- Annual Update - 9/14/2005

- R. James King
- James.King@nrl.navy.mil
- Ruth H. Hooker Research Library
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory

- Monitoring researcher productivity: KM & Libraries

## Oral teaching, students of the greats

Manuscripts to extend voice and life of teaching

Type from printing presses in 18th century to speed creation and dissemination

Digital and web to restore wide dissemination

- Oral teaching, students of the greats
- Manuscripts to extend voice and life of teaching
- Type from printing presses in 18th century to speed creation and dissemination
- Digital and web to restore wide dissemination

- Evolution of Scholarly Communication

**Notes:**
Research productivity is all about scholarly communications.

David Levy’s book ‘Scrolling Forward’ – documents are talking things
Elisabeth Eisenstein’s book ‘The Printing Revolution in Early Modern Europe’ – print impact on manuscripts

Oral (limited to a student-master relationship or limited speech context and retention, involved a lot of investment of time) – too many authors and teachers, not enough time
Manuscripts (extended thought beyond life of creator, prone to ‘telephone game’-style errors, used in monasteries) – Egypt’s Alexandria library captured and created new processes: classification system, bibliography, dictionary, alphabetizing, commentaries, and a glossary – too many unique manuscripts to manage, not enough time
Type (printing presses allowed multiple copies and creation of new forms, also created new concepts such as copyright, plagiarism, and editions) – saw boom of material start in WWII and grow to point of ‘serials crisis’ and creation of new processes to manage new technical report format (originally managed as correspondence) – too many documents to manage and acquire, not enough resources
Digital (allows a document to exist in multiple places at once, currently emulating print form, industries still need to evolve to stabilize form) – potential to allow us to access all scholarly communications again

Each step in this evolution:
Introduced wider dissemination of ideas
Used a new material that was not as durable as its predecessor
Started with a convergence of a series of innovations
Caused creation of new industries and dramatic changes to existing industries

## Main Campus - Washington, D.C.
	131-acre Campus	111 Buildings
Subject Focus
	Physics, Chemistry, Electronics, Oceanography, Meteorology, Space Sciences
Remote Campuses
	 Stennis, MS; Monterey, CA; and Office of Naval Research

- 	131-acre Campus	111 Buildings
**Subject Focus**
- 	Physics, Chemistry, Electronics, Oceanography, Meteorology, Space Sciences
**Remote Campuses**
- 	 Stennis, MS; Monterey, CA; and Office of Naval Research

- The Navy and Marine Corps’Corporate Research Facility

**Notes:**
I’m going to describe (with the time I have) how I’m approaching the serials crisis, open access, and institutional repositories in an effort to truly be a ‘partner in research’ at NRL.

For nearly 15 years, the Ruth H. Hooker Research Library has been delivering information to researchers’ desktops at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), including the main campus in Washington, D.C., detachments at Stennis Space Center in Mississippi and Monterey, California, and our parent organization, the Office of Naval Research in Arlington, Virginia (including their remote International Field Offices located around the globe). Researchers, Administrators and Program Managers at the Navy and Marine Corp’s primary corporate research facility currently enjoy continuous access to databases, reference tools, technical reports, and journals via the Web whether in the office, at home, or on travel.  

## NRL Research LibraryStrategic Plan

**VISION: ***“Your Partner in Research”*
**MISSION:**** **The Ruth H. Hooker Research Library exists to enhance & support NRL scientists in accomplishing their research objectives across a range of ongoing Navy and DoD programs through a mix of information services.
**GOALS:**
- Providing access to all published information
- Building the NRL Digital Library
- Capturing the NRL research portfolio

**Notes:**
The NRL Research Library was created in 1927 when Ruth Hutcheson Hooker was hired as a jr. physicist hired to manage the budding library at the laboratory.  The laboratory wanted someone who first and foremost could understand and speak to the researchers.  She received her MLS in 1930 from George Washington University, managed dramatic growth of staffing and collections in and after World War II, retiring in 1965.

Innovation and technology has always been a part of the NRL Research Library’s culture.  We used punch cards in the mid-60’s to manage our journal holdings and circulation records, deployed ILS’ in the early 80’s, started digitization in the late 80’s, and created a digital desktop service in the early 90’s, long before the Web. 

In 1995, a broad study of the library created a 5 year vision and action plan which resulted in the creation of InfoWeb and TORPEDO but still retained a traditional library organizational infrastructure and practices.  We have now created this strategic plan to drive us into the 21st century, focusing not on collections but on the customer, driving change down to the lowest levels.

To accomplish this new strategic vision (Your Partner in Research) and respond to the changing environmental conditions, the NRL Research Library has been reorganized into three ‘units’ with each one focused on fulfilling a portion of the overall library objective.  Rather than breaking into the traditional units of technical services and reference, we’ve focused the organizational structure on addressing each of the three strategic goals of the library.

## Information Resources & Services UnitProviding access to all published information... 

**Reference & Collection Management Services**
**Journals & Reference Tools**
**Books & Conference Proceedings**
**Mediated & Authoritative Searching**

**Notes:**
The first unit I’ll describe is the Information Resources & Services Unit which:
Evaluates and selects information resources for the library
Negotiates and acquires over $2.2M in content purchases and licenses each year
Provide access, organizes, and links all published information sources
Performs complex searches on demand
Provides marketing and training to ensure the best use of information resources, search tools and strategies

## NRL Researcher Interactions

**Notes:**
NRL Research Library is changing the way scientists and engineers do research by providing such a wealth of information at the desktop through useful tools.  Since 2002, have added desktop access to two new bibliographic databases representing over 50 million new records!  Since 2002, the TORPEDO collection has grown from 800,000 PDF files to 5,300,000!

According to UC Berkeley, new stored information grows 30% per year (5 exabytes in 2002) - researchers need tools to manage and filter this information explosion

Major 2003 survey showed high satisfaction with library – quotes:
“NRL Library is better than the one I had to use at Harvard”
“integral part of scientific work at NRL”
“one part of NRL I find truly helpful to my work”
“one of the most powerful advances in basic research I have ever seen”
“tremendously improved the quality of life here”
“productivity multiplier for anyone doing research and development”
“truly a research team member”
“6.1 research not possible without a good research library”
“one of the main reasons I came to NRL”
“major tool which keeps this laboratory at the forefront of research”
“Nothing in my research would have been possible without the NRL library”
“digital revolution has changed the way we do science”
“Library collection has triggered new ideas over past 20 years”
NRL Library is the finest technical library in the area”
“This is really how overhead dollars should be spent”

## Journal Collection Evolution

**Notes:**
Journal collection is core library service, with 1/3 of the total floor space, 1/3 of the total budget, and a majority of library usage
Print journal collection runs back to 1800 ~1,700 titles
Online journals run back to 1683 with archive purchases and JSTOR
Purchasing directly from nearly 60 publishers/vendors to provide access to the nearly 3,000 online journals
Been able to reverse journal cancellation trend (so far) through consortial deals and adequate funding levels
Number of print-only titles in 2005 is ~100 titles – planning zero print titles in 2006
Deploying SFX to provide universal link resolution, provide citation linker, replace in-house A-Z db, and manage collection better

## Books & Conference Proceedings

- Books/Proceedings – 46,000 print titles
- eBooks – 16k (primarily IT / management)
- Looking to shift conference proceedings (SPIE, MRS, AIP, and IEEE) to online-only (approximately 1⁄4 of book collection)
- RFID Deployment (first in Federal library)

**Notes:**
Books and Conference Proceedings
Covers all NRL subject areas
eBooks are IT or management books to support quick reference
eReference includes Knovel, CRC, and SciTech encyclopedia
MetaLib being deployed over next year to support db discovery and cross-searching
Exploring eBooks for rest of collection where possible
Expect all proceedings of value to be online in next decade

RFID 
Deployed 50k tags
Completed tagging in 6 months
Now allows complete shelf reading in less than a week
Checks for weeding candidates, mis-shelved, holds, missing and mis-tagged with one pass

## Reference Tools/Services

- Print reference – 3,000 titles *(Who’s Who, encyclopedia, handbooks, citation indexes, Chemical Abstracts, etc.)*
- Online reference/databases – 3,000 titles *(INSPEC, Web of Science, SciFinder, Scopus, Knovel, etc.)*
- Citation/literature searches
- Training/orientation

**Notes:**
Print reference include Who’s Who, encyclopedia, and 100 years of Chemical Abstracts
Online reference include INSPEC, Web of Science, SciFinder, Knovel, and SCOPUS
Critical tool for discovering articles, proceedings, biographies, or statistical data
SCOPUS and Google Scholar threatening A&I services unless have niche features like SciFinder’s structure searching – which is being threatened by PubChem
Library’s own digital archive threatening future need of A&I services as content aggregators gains features of A&I

Citation and literature services being replaced by the automated tools
Virtual Reference being explored as a management/tracking tool
Training/orientation diminishing in favor of User Centered Design to ensure products are intuitive rather than BI

## Digital Library Development UnitCreating the NRL Digital Library... 

**Infrastructure Deployment/Support**
**COTS Technology Customization**
**Web Services Development**
**Digital Content Management**

**Notes:**
The second unit is the Digital Library Development Unit which is responsible for building and maintaining the Digital Library infrastructure.  
IT infrastructure - the unique pieces of equipment and services needed by the library to deploy the NRL Digital Library
Digitization effort
Web services - tools being deployed, customized and/or developed to serve the specific need of NRL scientists and engineers
Ingest of content into TORPEDO from 14 different publisher sources (over 2,200 journal titles)

## TORPEDO Ultra Digital Archive

- 2,200+ journals from 14 publishers
- 6,000 tech reports
- 5.4M+ articles locally loaded
- Full content search across journals & reports
- Integrated citation linking
- Convera RetrievalWare Concept Searching

**Notes:**
Why go through all of the effort to create TORPEDO Ultra?  There are many reasons for hosting journals and other information locally and incorporating the content into a local repository.  I want to highlight two:

- researchers regularly consult journals from seven different publishers
- create a permanent library archive for NRL

## Sources of TORPEDO Ultra Content 

- Agency publications
- NRL tech reports and press releases
- In-house digitizing projects
- Cooperative efforts with AIP, APS, OSA, MRS
- Data licensed from publishers
- Journals (AIP, APS, ASA, AMS, Cell Press, Elsevier, IEEE/IEE, IoP, Kluwer, MRS, OSA, RSC, Springer, Wiley)
- Conference proceedings (IEEE, MRS)
- Standards (IEEE)

**Notes:**
The NRL Library obtains content for TORPEDO in three ways: digitizing agency content, licensing publisher content, and digitizing publisher content. Digitizing agency content is the easiest to start with since content created by government agencies is in the public domain, eliminating copyright concerns. 

Our next step was licensing publisher content.  Elsevier Science was the first publisher to provide a digital distribution model for their entire run of journals, meaning that an organization could subscribe to the digital version of any Elsevier journal and have it delivered for local loading. To more easily deal with so many publishers and formats, the NRL Library converted all publisher-received bibliographic data into an internally developed XML/DTD structure that is an aggregation all of the information provided by publishers including the journal name, ISSN, article title, article type, volume, issue, page, author list and abstract.  To prepare for the future, we also included support for UNICODE and MathML into this XML file. We downgrade the information for display on the browser while we wait for these standards to be more fully supported.  

The final method of obtaining content for TORPEDO was the hardest: digitizing publisher content.  In 1994, the NRL Library negotiated a Cooperative Research Project with the American Physical Society to digitize two of their journals Physical Review E (PRE) and Physical Review Letters (PRL) to test researcher’s acceptance of Web-based access to journal literature. NRL researchers became the first in the world to access PRE and PRL articles from the World Wide Web and wholeheartedly accepted desktop access to scholarly literature, which has since become the preferred access method.  Since then, the NRL Library has digitized over 200,000 pages of journal issues for the American Institute of Physics and is concluding up a similarly sized project with the Optical Society of America.

## Research Reports & Bibliography UnitCapturing the NRL Research portfolio... 

**Technical Reports**
**NRL Published Research Results**

**Notes:**
The final unit of the NRL Research Library is the ‘Research Reports & Bibliography Unit’:
identifying and capturing all of the published and quasi-published output of the Naval Research Laboratory (including journal articles, conference proceedings, books, technical reports, oral presentations, laboratory notebooks, etc.).  
responsible for the management and distribution of the research reports
digitization of the NRL report collection
the unique control functions associated with the classified and limited report format.  

## Research Reports

- Print (unclassified and classified) – 600,000 reports
- Digitized (SIPRnet) – 200,000 reports
- Microfilm – 1.5M reports
- Focusing on digitizing all 80k NRL reports (currently have 30k digitized)

**Notes:**
Print collection was built during and after World War II when technical correspondence morphed into technical reports containing the results of scientific experiments and needed to be organized better than letters.  Quickly grew to the 600k collection now held and has been grown and maintained since then through delivery of additional paper and microfilm-based reports.

Library’s digitization efforts focused on scanning the 200,000 unclassified reports held in the collection, continues to be one of the largest collections of online reports in government.  Efforts now focused on ensuring all NRL-issued reports are digitized (both classified and unclassified).

## Open Access/Institutional Repositories

**Goal:** To provide free access to all scholarly literature to enhance research
**Journal Focus:** Changing journals to free public access through author fees or ‘brief’ embargo windows (**Gold**)
**Institution Focus:** Capturing all pre-published literature created by an institution or on behalf of a funding body (**Green**)

**Notes:**
Part of motivation of ‘movement’ is wrestling control out of the hands of publishers and back into the hands of scholars.

Author fees can range from $1,500 up to 5 figures per article – with many of these ‘publishers’ offering an option to purchase an institutional submission license for a fixed fee (like a subscription).  Some are concerned that the fees are too low to be sustained when the grant money dries up and that it could lead to lower quality through vanity press.

An institutional focus, as currently defined and implemented in systems like dSpace, asks authors to deposit final draft of articles prior to publication into a local or domain-specific repository.  One goal of this approach is to pull this critical information into a system that will preserve it and broaden access.  These systems are often based upon Digital Library standards such as OAI, OAIS, DOI and OpenURL and have several open source (Greenstone, ePrints, Fedora, dSpace) and commercial (VTLS VITAL – based upon Fedora & ProQuest Digital Commons)
options. 

‘Green’ journals are those that have allowed authors to self-archive their articles if they choose while ‘gold’ journals are those that are open access and often charge authors fees to publish their article.

## Research Portfolio Management

- NIH’s second goal, after broadening access
- Applying ROI thinking into grant and research funding process
- Easy arguments in field of medicine
- May spread to other federal research granting institutions
- Will require a central body and repository to accept and track submissions

**Notes:**
NIH has changed their grant language to ‘request’ copies of any final manuscript that was written based upon the grant.

## Government & Copyright

- Copyright status
- Federal Employees – no copyright for official works    (17 U.S.C §101 & 17 U.S.C §105)
- Government Contractors – terms of contract
- Collaborative Works – murky (17 U.S.C §201)
- Government Works
- “A work prepared by an officer or employee of the United States Government as part of that person's official duties.” (17 USC 105)
- Unresolved Question
- Is there copyright on the presentation of the work?
- http://cendi.dtic.mil/publications/04-8copyright.html

**Notes:**
Rights Expression Language needed to embed government-style rights into publications

## Capturing corporate knowledge