# Presentation: 454812

- GLOBAL VEGETATION WORKSHOP
- Univ. Montana
- 8-10 August 2006
- MEETING SUMMARY
- Steven W. Running
- NTSG Univ Montana
- 31 October 2006
- http://www.ntsg.umt.edu/vegmtg

## The CEOS Leaf Area Index Inter-comparison as a prototype activity 

**The CEOS Leaf Area Index Inter-comparison as a prototype activity**

- Sébastien Garrigues, University of Maryland,at NASA’s GSFC,MD,USA
- Roselyne Lacaze, Medias-France, Toulouse, France
- Jeff Morisette, NASA’GSFC, Greenbelt, MD,USA
- Fred Baret, INRA, Avignon, France
- Marie Weiss, Noveltis, Toulouse, France
- Richard Fernandes, CCRS, Canada
- Jaime Nickeson, SSAI, Greenbelt,MD,USA
- Stephen Plummer, IGBP-ESA, , Italy
- Wenze Yang, Boston University, USA
- Ranga Myneni, Boston University, USA

***Global Vegetation Workshop, University of Montana***

## Direct Validation Approach

**Direct Validation Approach**

- Accuracy Assessment

## LAI inter-comparison approach

***Global Vegetation Workshop, University of Montana***

**LAI inter-comparison approach**

- Projection
- &
- resampling

- Extraction
- over
- BELMANIP sites

- Inter-comparison metrics:
- Map of difference
- Global histogram
- Transect
- Product/product scatter plotTemporal profile

- Product  maker

- Coordinator:
- (NASA’s GSFC)

- Method & Expertise

## Direct validation: Product versus HR LAI Map

**Direct validation: Product versus HR LAI Map**

**Notes:**
Direct validation result: 
Legend: different class/ if the year of the ground data does not match with that of the product  it is represented by an empty diamond, plain diamond otherwise

Good agreement for crop and grass, divergence for forest.
However these results have to be put in perspective regarding the the LAI measurement which less accurate for forest

CYC seems to be the most accurate

## Ecological Forecastingby integrating surface, satellite, and climate data with ecosystem models

**Ecological Forecasting****by integrating surface, satellite, and climate data with ecosystem models**

**Ramakrishna Nemani**
- Ames Research Center
- Moffett Field, CA
**With contributions from:**
**Kazuhito Ichii**
**Petr Votava**
**Andy Michaelis**
**Michael White**
**Hirofumi Hashimoto**
**Ranga Myneni**
**Forrest Melton**
**Cristina Milesi**
**Steve Running**

**Global Vegetation Workshop, Missoula, MT, August 8-10, 2006**

## Rapid Prototyping of TOPS products for NACP

**Rapid Prototyping of TOPS products for NACP**

## California : Ecological Daily Nowcast at 1km

**Biome-BGC**
**Simulation models**

- Outputs include plant growth, irrigation demand, streamflow
- Salt water incursion, water allocation, crop coefficients

- T

- P

- RAD

**Climate + Satellite**

**Carbon and  water cycles**

- ET

**[Feb/01/2006]**

- 0

- 2.5

- 5

- GPP

- GPP (gC/m2/d)
-       ET (mm/d)

## A 0.05 degree global climate/interdisciplinary long term data set from AVHRR, MODIS and VIIRS

*NASA GSFC*: Ed Masuoka (PI), Nazmi Saleous, Jeff Privette, Jim Tucker & Jorge Pinzon.
*UMD*: Eric Vermote & Steve Prince.
- South Dakota State University: David Roy

*Collaborator*:  Chris Justice (UMD).
*NASA Study Manager*: Dr. Diane Wickland.

## Proposed LTDR Products

- 		VIS/NIR surface reflectance		MIR surface reflectance		Vegetation Indices		Surface temperature and emissivity		Snow 		LAI/FPAR		BRDF/Albedo		Aerosols		Burned area
- Products and formats will be modified based on feedback from the User Community Workshops.

## Data Sources

- 81

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- 88

- 89

- 90

- 91

- 86

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- 93

- 94

- 95

- 96

- 98

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- 00

- 01

- 02

- 97

- 04

- 05

- 03

- 07

- 09

- 10

- 08

- 06

- Terra

- Aqua

- NPP

- NPOESS

- 11

- AVHRR

- MODIS

- [VIIRS]

**N07**

**N09**

**N11**

**N14**

**N16**

**N17**

**N09**

## Production of the Beta Data Set

-  Algorithms:
- Vicarious calibration (Vermote/Kaufman)
- Cloud screening: CLAVR
- Partial Atmospheric Correction:
- Rayleigh (NCEP)
- Ozone (TOMS)
- Water Vapor (NCEP)
- Products:
- Daily NDVI (AVH13C1)
- Daily surface reflectance (AVH09C1)
- 16-day composited NDVI (AVH13C3)
- Monthly NDVI (AVH13CM)
- Format:
- Linear Lat/Lon projection
- Spatial resolution: 0.05 Deg
- HDF-EOS
- Time Period:
-  1981 – 2000 completed
- Archive and Distribution:
- Over 1 TB stored online.
- Distributed by ftp and web

- NOAA-11 - 1992193 (7/11/1992) : Ch1,
- Ch2 and NDVI

## Data Set Evaluation

-  50x50 km cutouts centered on aeronet sites
-  Surface reflectance and NDVI Time series plots posted on the QA webpage.
-  Use aeronet AOT and WV measurementwhen available to assess errors due tolack of atmospheric correction.

## LTDR Web Page

- http://ltdr.nascom.nasa.gov/ltdr/ltdr.html

## 1.	NOAA Operational Global Vegetation Index Products2.	26-year, 4 km, 7-day Composite Data Set 

## GVI-x Time Series

- Ch2

- Ch1

**The Six-Year (2000-2005) Global MODIS **
**Evapotranspiration**

**Qiaozhen Mu, Maosheng Zhao, and Steven W. Running**
**NTSG, University of Montana, Missoula, MT**

## Spatial patterns of mean MODIS GPP and ET (2000-2005)

**Spatial patterns of mean MODIS ****GPP and ET (2000-2005)**

## MODIS ET anomaly analysis

**MODIS ET anomaly analysis**

- The differences between MODIS ET (2003, 2005) for the Amazon region in DJF (left) and JJA (right).  The MODIS ET captures the drought during the 2005 growing season.

## Global MODIS anomaly trends (2000-2005)

**GPP**

**ET**

## Workshop General Recommendations 

**International coordination initiatives are needed for developing science quality LTDR from existing and planned international assets**
**There is need for coordination of the planned moderate resolution missions **
**instrument calibration / product continuity / validation / data access**
**constellation planning**
**launch dates / redundancy /optimizing operations **
**Mechanisms are needed for transitioning proven research observations from the global systems to the operational domain**
**Increased attention to the integration of moderate, high – in situ observations for land science applications (WMO model?) **
**The lines of communication between the moderate resolution community and GEOSS need to be identified and strengthened**
**Improved communication between data producers and users**
**Improve international data access**
**Create a home for continuing international coordination of the biophysical variables (FAPAR, LAI, NPP)**

## Specific Recommendations:Space and Funding Agencies

- Aeronet (international status federated network) continuity and enhancement
- consider pathway to operational
- Expand existing terrestrial networks to include additional variables
- Enhance existing terrestrial networks (Fluxnet, Aeronet) for product validation (AOT, surface reflectance, VI, PAR albedo, ET, LAI, NPP, Phenology)
- Enhance the BSRN networks for validation (surface reflectance, PAR, albedo)
- Fill the Landsat data gap
- Develop capability to provide daily high resolution global coverage
- <250-m, 5-day cloud free
- Assess International Data Policies and Interoperability
- Support new missions
- Lidar – vegetation structure
- L- or P-Band Radar – forest biomass
- Moderate Resolution Multi-Angle capability (Polder type/PP) – canopy structure and radiation products
- Geostationary systems for land studies
- Ensure explicit validation program for every funded Mission

## Specific Recommendations:Science and Applications Communities

- Develop consensus validation strategies
- Such as Land Product Validation protocol for LAI
- Demonstration of Maturing Products’ Capabilities
- Multi-sensor Products e.g. Optical/Radar Fusion
- Hyperspectral products
- Multi-angular products
- Propagate near real time systems into additional products
- Enhance Direct Broadcast products, code sharing and exchange
- Enhanced data distribution systems to meet user needs
- single access to product types (domain services)
- Continued End User Education and Outreach
- Inform potential users of data
- Enhance data accessibility
- Generate discussion on potential user needs

## Global Vegetation Monitoring: Way forward through CEOS

- Global Vegetation Monitoring: Way forward through CEOS

- Calibration/Validation
- & Intercomparisons

- User requirements

- Combined products

- Mission planning

- Consistent but flexible product distribution

- WGCV

- Productproducers

- Science programs(e.g. IGOS)

- New working group on integration and synthesis

- Productdistribution

- WGISS/WGEdu

- WGISS/WGEdu

## Action: Explore CEOS Working Group on Integration and Synthesis  

- Products
- Confusing number of similar products (e.g., LAI)
- Validation and Intercomparisons can be very informative
- Users need to
- Know what products are available
- Know which products are best for answering their study questions
- Better define their needs once they know which products are available
- Proper data fusion should build on intercomparison and user requirements.
- CEOS should initiate a pilot working group on sensor constellations (for combined products and mission planning).

## Surface Radiation:Summary Recommendations

- Ensure that AERONET continues (through VIIRS)
*(Funding agency)*
- Improve *FLUXNET/BSRN* data protocols to match albedo validation needs.
- Communicate needs to Fluxnet community
- Support tower efforts to increase funding to include equipment and personnel needed for additional measurements
- Target all high resolution sensors for validation
- Albedo in both priority & AERONET sites
- (*Data providers*)
- Product intercomparisons
- (*Product developers*)

## Land Cover:Summary Recommendations

- Need for reliable long term data
- Coordinated effort among agencies
- Validation needs
- Centralized validation database
- Coordinated plan to establish global long-term validation sites
- Reduced cost of high resolution data
- Need for the bulk/vertical dimensions for better characterization
- Canopy lidar
- Radar
- Combine the spectral/radiometric capabilities of MODIS with the resolution of Landsat.
- Geostationary satellites
- Need integrated information systems.

## Vegetation Indices:Summary Recommendations

- Continue global VI time series
- improve future products
- retain backward compatibility
- Improve spatial and temporal resolution
- <1km
- weekly or less time step
- Determine what VIs and phenological parameters are describing with respect to ecology and biophysical properties
- Develop alternative indices to characterize the biophysics, photobiology, biochemistry
- light use efficiency (e.g., PRI,)
- Vegetation Water Indices (e.g., LSWI)

## Biophysical Variables:Summary Recommendations

- Need continuity of global products
- Large improvement in the spatial resolution for future missions
- Multi-agency satellite constellation
- Multi-agency receiving/processing systems
- Continuing validation/intercomparison essential
- Need proper support by agencies
- Provide quantitative uncertainties
- Documentation for all products and validation activities

## Fire:Summary Recommendations 

- Start an International Stage 2/3 Global Burned Area Product Validation
- Follow CEOS LPV protocol
- Organize GOFC Workshop for design and agreements on data access
- Start international effort on a Burned Area LTDR
- Intercomparison of multiple products needed
- First priority should be on burned area
- Need on assessment of future missions
- GLOBCARBON ends in 2007
- VIIRS has limited characterization
- Improve sensor design enabling active fire detection
- Need a LAND Direct Broadcast coordination initiative to include Fire – code/experience sharing

## MODIS Land + Ocean NPP(2000-2005)

- 1296 2 JUNE 2006 VOL 312 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org
- NEWSFOCUS
- WITH MORE USES THAN A SWISS ARMY
- knife, the National Polar-Orbiting Operational
- Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS)
- was supposed to be the world’s most sophisticated
- series of weather satellites. But somewhere
- in its 12-year history, the multibilliondollar
- NPOESS has also become one of the
- country’s most troubled technology projects.
- Next week, the Pentagon will issue binding
- plans on how to fix a project now behind schedule
- and massively over budget. The expected
- overhaul could shape for decades how well
- U.S. forces prepare for battle, civilian authorities
- anticipate killer storms, and scientists
- understand Earth’s ever-changing climate.
**Stormy Skies for Polar**
**Satellite Program**
- IMAGE CREDITS (TOP TO BOTTOM): NEXSAT/NRL/NPOESS (NOAA/NASA); NORTHROP GRUMMAN
**Budget, technical, and administrative problems**
**continue to plague a fleet of U.S. polar satellites**
**being built for the military, weather forecasters,**
**and climate researchers**
- Skyward. The Pentagon’s estimate for the program
- is much higher than what NPOESS staff assume.
*Published by AAAS*

- THE    END