# Presentation: 120337

## Advanced EVA:Planning for Planetary Dust

- Sandra Wagner
- Advanced EVA Systems
- March 29, 2005

## Advanced EVA:

***Planning for Planetary Dust***
-  Aim Dust Assessment
-  Mars Human Precursor Measurements
-  Technology Planning

## Advanced Integrated Matrix (AIM)

***Advanced Integrated Matrix (AIM)***
***Dust Assessment***
- What Do We Need to Know About
- Martian and Lunar Dust
- to Write Human Support Systems Requirements?

## AIM Dust Assessment

- System Affected
- Subsystem Affected
- Effects on System
- Risks
-  Hazards
-  Habitability
-  Toxicity
- Requirements Needed
- Knowledge Gaps
- Recommendation
-  Earth
-  Moon
-  Mars

- Define the Problem

- Frame the Question

- Analyze the Problem

## AIM Interdivisional Dust Study

-  Airlock
-  Suit Assembly
-  Helmet
-  PLSS Power and communications
-  PLSS cooling
-  PLSS O2
-  PLSS Vent
-  Ancillary equipment
-  Structures
- Tools and hardware
-  Rovers
-  Displays
-  Solar cells
-  Windows
-  Lights
-  Sensors
-  Cameras

***AIM Interdivisional Dust Study***
***Affected Systems***

***Air Revitalization***
-  Water Recovery
-  Solid Waste Processing
-  Thermal Control
-  Other ALS Systems
***Advanced Food Systems***
-  Food Storage
-  Food Processing
-  Food Preparation.

***Other Associated Systems***
-  GN&C
-  Structures
-  IVA
-  Fire Detection and Suppression
-  Environmental Monitoring
-  Power
-  Electrical and Electronics
-  Communications

## AIM Dust Study

***AIM Dust Study***
***Effects on System - Example***

## Measure the Things that Can Only be Measured on Mars

- Measure the Things that Can Only be Measured on the Moon
- Perform Simulations and Studies on Earth to Test the Effects on Human Support Systems

***AIM Dust Study***
***Recommendations***

##  Develop a standard set of Lunar and Martian dust properties for future designers.

-  Develop and fully characterize new Lunar and Martian soil simulants.
-  Develop Lunar and Martian test chamber that closely approximates environment.
-  Develop Lunar and Martian dust test programs to demonstrate system reliability.
-  Obtain small quantities of actual lunar dust for critical  test programs (i.e., toxicology).
-  Compile information on Apollo crew’s experience with the lunar dust.
-  Implement medical monitoring for astronauts exposed to Lunar and Martian dust.
-  Survey and mature innovative dust mitigation technologies.

***AIM Dust Study***
***Overall Recommendations (Earth)***

##  Determine diversity of the types of dust that could be present in the area of the outpost. 

-  Effect of propellant byproducts on the surface of the dust.
-  Particle size and shape distribution of the dust fraction below 20 microns.
-  Perform toxicological studies using simulated Martian dusts (Hawaii volcanic ash) doped with appropriate oxidative chemicals.
-  Establish inhalation and ingestion standards for dust in oxygen and water recovered from in-situ resources.
-  Establish limits for larger dust particles for eye exposure.
-  Analyze epidemiology studies of human exposures to volcanic ashes
-  Review lessons learned on crew experience with the lunar dusts in the lunar command modules.

***AIM Dust Study***
***Toxicology Recommendations (Earth)***

##   Collect and analyze samples in regions where dust may be different than the samples collected in the Apollo surface missions.  

- In-situ resource utilization on the polar regions that may
- 	contain water.
- Science missions that require low interference from earth
- 	radio sources such as observation using telescopes.
-   Fully characterize electrostatic levitation.
-   Determine magnetic properties of the dust.
-   Demonstrate airborne dust monitors and filters.

***AIM Dust Study***
***Toxicology Recommendations (Moon)***

##  Measure dust loading in the Martian atmosphere under a variety of environmental conditions.

-  Fully characterize the electrostatic properties of the Martian surface.
-  Return Martian dust samples to Earth for full analysis well before committing humans to a Mars mission.

***AIM Dust Study***
***Toxicology Recommendations (Mars)***

## Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG)

***Mars Human Precursor Science Steering Group (MHP SSG)***
***Measurement Team***
***Dust, Soil and Toxicology Focus Team***

## Team Dust Strategy

-  Informal “Peer” Review of AIM Assessment
-  Prioritize Risks
-  Recommend Measurements for MHP missions
-  Prioritize Measurements

## Team Dust Risks

_**Risk 6A:**_**  ****If critical mechanical systems fail due to abrasion and adhesion of dust accumulated on systems, loss of science, injury or loss of crew may result.**
_**Risk 6B:**_**  ****If critical electrical life-safety systems fail due to dust accumulation on systems, injury or loss of crew or loss of science will result.**
_**Risk 6C:**_**  ****If critical life-safety systems fail due to corrosive effects of dust accumulated on systems, injury or loss of crew member may result.**
_**Risk 7:**_**  If the crew inhales or ingests dust adverse health effects may result.**

## Team DustInvestigations and Measurements

_***Investigation 1A.***_** **
**Characterize the particulates that could be transported to mission surfaces through the air (including both natural aeolian dust and particulates that could be raised from the martian regolith by ground operations), and that could affect hardware’s engineering properties.  **
**Analytic fidelity sufficient to establish credible engineering simulation labs and/or performance prediction/design codes on Earth is required.**

## Team DustInvestigations and Measurements

- _Measurements_
- Complete analysis
- Shape and size distribution
- Mineralogy
- Electrical and thermal conductivity
- Triboelectric and photoemission properties
- Chemistry
- Polarity and magnitude of charge
- individual dust particles suspended in atmosphere
- concentration of free atmospheric ions with positive and negative polarities.
- The same measurements as in a) on a sample of air-borne dust collected during a major dust storm.
- d. 	Subsets of the complete analysis described in a), and measured at different locations on Mars.

## Team Dust Investigations and Measurements

_***Investigation #2.***_
**Determine the possible toxic effects of martian dust on humans. **** **

## Team Dust Investigations and Measurements

- _Measurements:_
- For at least one site, assay for chemicals with known toxic effect on humans.
- Fully characterize:
- soluble ion distributions
- reactions that occur upon humidification
- released volatiles
- Analyze the shapes of martian dust grains
- Determine if martian regolith elicits a biologic response in an animal species which is a surrogate for humans. *
- * As authorized by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

## Team DustRisk Mapping

- Risk 6A

- Risk 6B

- Risk 6C

- Risk 7

- Measurement 1A.a

- Measurement 1A.b

- Measurement 1A.c

- Measurement 1A.d

- Measurement 2A

- Measurement 2B

- Measurement 2C

- Measurement 2D

_**Risk**_

_**Measurements**_

_**Risk**_
_**Exposure**_

***For System Reliability***

***For Electrical Shock Reduction***

***For More Confidence***
***in Measurements***

***For Human***
***Exposure***
***Requirements***

***Less value than 1A.a***

## Advanced EVA Dust Mitigation Scope

- Minimize the amount of dust transferred into habitat as a result of EVAMinimize the amount of dust entering EVA suitsMaximize EVA Systems ReliabilityMaximize EVA Tool and Interfaces Reliability

## Advanced EVA Dust Mitigation Technology Planning

- Concept of Operations

- Requirements Workshop

- Technology Focus Group

- Technology Plans

- Testing Requirements

**FY ‘05**

- Mature Technologies

**FY ’06 - ??**

- Test Technologies

- Decision Gates

- Drop Technology

- New Technologies

## Headed into

*Headed into*
*the Cosmos*