# Presentation: 470259

## Winter time T-PARC planning

**Winter time T-PARC planning**

- Yucheng Song**            IMSG at EMC/NCEP****/NOAA**
- Zoltan Toth**                  EMC/NCEP/NWS****/NOAA****                      **

- Princeville, Kauai, Hawaii
- 4-6 December 2007

- http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/gmb/ens/T-PARC_IPY.html

## Dave Emmitt  Simpson Weather Assoc.
Chris Doyle   Meteorological Service of Canada 
Alexander Kats Roshydromet, Russia
Gary Wick       ESRL/NOAA, CO
Dehui Chen     CMA
David Richardson  ECMWF

- Chris Doyle   Meteorological Service of Canada
- Alexander Kats Roshydromet, Russia
- Gary Wick       ESRL/NOAA, CO
- Dehui Chen     CMA
- David Richardson  ECMWF

**WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM**

## Overview

- Platforms planned
- Decision making process
- Real time parallel at NCEP

##            PROPOSED OBSERVING PLATFORMS

**G-lV out of Japan, ~120 hrs in Jan-Feb period**
- G-IV 45,000 feet high, centering around 00z
**C-130 – covering the mid Pacific over the same time period (USAF)**
- C-130 30,000 feet high, centering around 00z
**P3 (or other asset) **
- East Pacific or western US (planned contribution by HMT/NOAA)
**Enhanced Siberian network**
-  Potential Roshydromet / NOAA and/or NRL contribution
**Tibetan Plateau**
- Asian THORPEX community contribution
**Other possible platforms** (see T-PARC plan)
- Global Hawk from Dryden
- Contributions from NOAA UAV program
- Rapid scan satellite data (Nakazawa-San)
- Contributions from Japan

**           ****PROPOSED OBSERVING PLATFORMS**

## Two Types of NOAA Satellite Programs

**Geostationary Satellites**

**    ****Polar Orbiting Satellites**

**Fairbanks,**

**Wallops,**
**Virginia**

**Geostationary Operational ****Environmental Satellites**
**(GOES)**

**Polar-orbiting Operational ****Environmental Satellites****(POES)**

- Each satellite covers the entire  Earth twice per day

- Continuously monitors the Western Hemisphere

- S

- N

**Orbit Path**

**540 Mi**

**Equator**

**N**

**S**

- Subsatellite
- Point

- Equator

- 22,240 Mi

- Each orbit is 102 minutes
- Global coverage every 12 hours with 1 satellite
- Images are global and include the poles
- Information is used for long-term weather forecasting and climate monitoring

- Same geographic image over time
- Full image every 30 minutes
- Northern Hemisphere imaged every 15 minutes
- Usable images between 60°N and 60°S
- Information is used for short-term weather forecasting and severe storm warning/tracking

**Fairbanks,**
**Alaska**

**Data Acquisition Site**
**Wallops, Virginia**

**Wallops,**
**Virginia**

**Data Acquisition Sites**

## Slide 6

## Slide 7

##            PROPOSED OBSERVING PLATFORMS

**   ****Day 3-4**
**Radiosondes**
**    ****Russia**

**D 2-3**
**G-IV**

**D 1-2**
**C-130**
** ****UAS**

**D-1**
**UAS**
**P-3**

**CONUS**
**    ****VR**

**Arctic**
**    ****VR**

**   ****Day 5-6**
**Radiosondes**
**    ****Tibet**

**Extensive observational platforms during T-PARC winter phase **
**allow us to track the potential storms and take additional observations **
**as the perturbation propagate downstream into Arctic and US continents**** **

**           ****PROPOSED OBSERVING PLATFORMS**

## Platforms planned

**G-IV****  S****tationed in Japan**
**(Japan contacts: Yoshio** **Asuma and Tetsuo Nakazawa** **)**
- Can reach 45,000 feet high, centered on 00Z UTC
- Maximum range:3800 nmi
- Maximum duration: 8 hrs 45 mins
- Contribution from NWS WSR program
- Backbone of the whole program
- Requested 120 flight hours 360 dropsondes
**ISSUES:**
**Air traffic control**
**Yokota ****or Misawa**** AFB, Japan****? **
**(AOC contacts: Jack Parrish and Michele Finn)**

## G-IV  Stationed in Japan

**G-IV  Stationed in Japan**

## C-130

- C-130 out of Anchorage (USAF)
- Can reach 35,000 feet high, centered on 00Z UTC
- Maximum range: 1800nmi
- Maximum duration: 10 hrs
- Part of NCEP WSR program

## Russia Roshydromet 

- Alexander Kats
- Nina Zaitseva
- Dr. Ivanov (Director of CAO)
- Dr. Mikhail D. Tsyroulnikov

- ISSUES: Roshydromet could not pay for the extra sondes.
- Istvan Szunyogh:
- proposals for both the WMO Voluntary Cooperation Program (VCP) funding
- and  Wilderness  Research Foundation

## Enhanced Siberian network 

- Additional 06 and 18 UTC observations from the subset of about 40 designated operational stations about 6 weeks
- - Space and time distribution (and may be amount of additional observations on each station) will be uneven depending from the weather conditions. - They will be carried out during ten – fifteen 24-h intensive observing periods (IOPs) with 6-hrs soundings in some sensitive areas to be determined during the campaign depending from the weather conditions - Depending on geographical location of sensitive area, during each IOP about 20 of the available 40 stations will be requested (in 18-24 hrs prior to the IOP beginning) to produce two additional 06 and 18 UTC soundings.

## Continued

- Expected maximum total amount of additional soundings during the campaign is 15 (IOP) x 20 (sites) x 2 (extra soundings) ~ 600 soundings.
- Taking into account possible uneven distribution of sounding it is necessary to have on each stations consumables for some 25 additional soundings to avoid running out of consumables at any of the stations before the end of the campaign.
- This gives us maximum amount of additional consumables to be distributed for as many as 25 (soundings) x 40 (sites) ~ 1000 soundings. Remaining consumables will be used for the regular soundings after the end of the campaign.

## Additional stations that we suggested 

- Additional stations that we suggested

## Additional stations requested by winter T-PARC

**Additional stations requested by winter T-PARC**

## Expected stations by the end of 2009

## ONR P-3

- Use DWL on P3 to profile winds below & at flight level

- The ELDORA radar is provided by NCAR. The P3DWL is
- provided by ONR. The two possible locations for the P3DWL
-  are noted as (1) or (2).

##                    P3 Platform

| Platform | Manned aircraft with Wind Lidar/dropsonde capability (ONR P3) |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Base | West Coast |  |
| Capabilities:
   Duration/length in flight
   Altitude | Low altitude -2500nm or 9.5hrs, High altitude – 3800nm 11.5hrs
27000 feet (ceiling) |  |
| Observation types | Temperature, humidity, wind speed |  |
| Cost of deployment | 8k / flight hour, plus ferry (15 hrs) |  |
| Number of flights | 200K US $ plan:
2 wks 
1-3 flights (depending on ferry and dropsonde cost sharing) | 400K US $ plan:
One month
3-5 flights
(depending on ferry and dropsonde cost sharing) |
| Potential collaborators/sponsors/funding | NOAA Wind Lidar Working Group (Wayman Baker)
Simpson Weather Associate(Dave Emmitt – may bring Lidar equipment at no cost to program)
ONR
Sharing ferry etc cost may be possible |  |
| Advantages | Dropsondes capability and Doppler Wind Lidar installation |  |
| Disadvantages | No as high as G-IV, some severe weather conditions may limit the manned flights  |  |

-                    P3 Platform

## P3DWL 

- The MLX-16 coherent Doppler lidar built by LMCT
-  for the US Army (ARL).

## Scanner

## P3DWL data Description

- Nominal vertical domain: 0 – 6 km (assumes flight level ~ 6.5 km) Line-of-sight products
- Nominal spacing between profiles: 2 km (500m with 90 deg sector processing)
- Vertical resolution:~ 50 meters
- Accuracy U and V components:.05 m/s (assuming homogeneous wind field)
- Accuracy W component:.1 m/s
- Additional data collection capabilities:     All angles within ±30 degrees of nadir      All angles within ±30 degrees of flight path
- DWL wind profiles: Buffer format, real time processing, single profile file size about 10 KB

## Global Hawk

- Contacts:
**NOAA **
- Gary Wick          PSD/ESRL/NOAA
- Todd Jacobs       NOAA
**NASA**
- David Fratello   DFRC Systems engineer
- Chris Naftel       DFRC Project Manager
- Phillip Hall                     OMAO/NASA
**ISSUES: **
**Air traffic control**
**Lidar and dropsonde capability?**

## NOAA THORPEX POTENTIAL OBSERVATION SYSTEM ENHANCEMENT 

**FOR WINTER T-PARC (JAN 09 – MAR 09)**

| Platform | NASA Global Hawk |
| --- | --- |
| Base | Dryden, CA (65 miles northeast of LA) Edwards AFB |
| Duration/Altitude | 31 hours / 65,000 feet |
| Maximum range | 11,000+nmi |
| Observation types | Temperature, humidity, wind speed |
| Dimensions | Wingspan 116.2ft 44.4ft (L) 15.2ft(H) 4.8ft(W) |
| Payload |  > 1500 lb |
| Potential collaborators/
sponsors/funding | NOAA UAS program
(Gary Wick, Todd Jacobs) |

## NASA Global HAWK dimensions and payload compartments

**NASA Global HAWK dimensions and payload compartments**

## Potential for High Altitude UAS Availability

- NOAA UAS program actively pursuing a joint demonstration in March 2009
- Would utilize NASA Global Hawk with operations from NASA Dryden
- Plans for completion of a dropsonde system by March 1
- Potential for flights joint with studies of “atmospheric rivers”
- Schedule is very challenging but not impossible
- Primary hurdles
- NOAA UAS program not yet funded
- No formal commitment of aircraft availability from NASA
- Potential FAA limitations on release of dropsondes from unmanned aircraft

**Notes:**
Potential still exists for a contribution from  a high altitude unmanned aircraft in T-PARC.  Airspace access above the levels of commercial flights is easier than at lower levels.
The NOAA UAS program is still hoping for and actively pursuing a joint demonstration in March 2009.  The long endurance of the Global Hawk would enable the possibility of joint missions involving studies related to atmospheric rivers.
We are right on the edge of what is possible and the schedule is highly challenging.
With no budget yet, the program is not yet funded.  As such significant expenditures such as on the dropsonde system cannot be made.  Likewise, we are not able to formally commit to NASA and assure availability of the aircraft (may also be pushing NASA capabilities).  Beyond this, we are also hearing that the FAA might place some restrictions on the release of dropsondes from unmanned aircraft.
Nonetheless, we are going to do what we can.

## Global Hawk Endurance From NASA Dryden

- 20 hr

- 15 hr

- Global Hawk Endurance From NASA Dryden

- 25 hr

**Notes:**
Shows the time the global Hawk could loiter on station at the indicated radius with deployment and recovery from NASA Dryden.

## Chinese participation

- CMA contact person: Dehui Chen
-                         chendh@cma.gov.cn
- Jing Chen
-                         _[chenj@cma.gov.cn](mailto:chenj@cma.gov.cn)_
- CAMS – Chinese Academy for Meter. Sci.

## TIBET OBSERVATION NETWORK 

**IMPORTANCE OF TIBET PLATEAU**
- Origin of many storm systems in the Northern Hemisphere
- Well known important diabatic heating and dynamic forcing effects
- Strong influence on East Asia jet stream and downstream weather
**HOW THE DATA WILL CONTRIBUTE**
- Look for possible ways to take adaptive RAOB observations
-     a. Fixed intensive observation periods (Jan 09 – Mar 09)
-     b. Adaptive observing (ETKF or other methods)
- Optimize Chinese observational network
- Fill data gap in the network
- Assimilate data into different DA systems
**PROGRESS**
- GPS sondes, profilers and an array of surface mesoscale networks
- Which are expected to leave in place after the field phase of T-PARC

## Network for Tibetan E-Plateau observation

**Network**** ****for Tibetan E-Plateau observation**

## Decision Making

- Communication setup (webpage and emails)
- Identify High impact weather (HIW) events
- Inputs from US field offices, research interest groups, Canada, Mexico in advance
- Sensitive Area Calculations (SACs)
- Run NCEP targeting software
- DTS (ECMWF/UK MET OFFICE)
- NRL targeting and others?
- Select tracks and stations
- Fixed tracks for easier air traffic control?
- Flexible tracks (UAV)?
- Siberia/Tibet Plateau stations
- Decisions sent out
- 18-36 hours ahead of time
-  Flexibility of change with 24 hours notification

## Canada and Mexico 

- Contacts:
- Chris Doyle (Canada)
- Ricardo Prieto González (Mexico)                     _[<](mailto:rprieto@tlaloc.imta.mx)__[rprieto@tlaloc.imta.mx](mailto:rprieto@tlaloc.imta.mx)__[>](mailto:rprieto@tlaloc.imta.mx)_
- Juan M. Caballero  (Mexico)
- _[jmcaballero@semar.gob.mx](mailto:jmcaballero@semar.gob.mx)_

## Contribution from Mexico

- Extra-Rawinsondes (if expendable material is provided)
- Ensemble evaluation for the Mexican region
-  At least one meteorologist volunteering in operational activities

## Plans for real time parallel at NCEP

- Data denial experiment
- T126 control and operational experiments
- Impact:
- Conventional metrological fields, differences display alongside the operational forecast and analysis
- Verification:
- Post field program period
- Legacy programs (Fit to obs, fit to analysis, scores)
**KEY ISSUE: ****T-PARC identity BUFR headers**

## Small UAV

- Contacts:
- Gary Wick          PSD/ESRL/NOAA
- Todd Jacobs       NOAA
- John Porter         U of Hawaii
**ISSUES: **
**Which UAV to choose? **
**Air traffic control**
**How to allocate the funds for UAV and P3?**

## NOAA THORPEX POTENTIAL OBSERVATION SYSTEM ENHANCEMENT 

**FOR WINTER T-PARC (JAN 09 – MAR 09)**

| Platform | UAV-based observation |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Base | Hawaii |  |
| Capabilities:
   Duration/length in flight
   Altitude | 24hrs at 50 miles per hour
 12000 feet |  |
| Observation types | Temperature, humidity, wind speed |  |
| Possible companies | Aerosonde Robotic Aircraft (Australia company)
Arcturus UAV  (California company)
Williams Aerospace (Hawaii company) |  |
| Cost of deployment | 160K to buy system
Cost of rent information pending |  |
| Number of flights | 200K US $ plan:
2wk with 5 24hr flight | 400K US $ plan:
4wk with 15 24hr flight |
| Type of Operation | Continuous sounding (up to max height, then down near surface, then back again ...)  |  |
| Potential collaborators/sponsors/funding | NOAA UAS program
(Gary Wick, Todd Jacobs)
Canadian MSC (Chris Doyle)
University of Hawaii (John Porter)
NOAA Climate Program (Julian Wang) |  |
| Advantages | Efficient and can operate in conditions not suitable for manned aircraft |  |
| Disadvantages | Low altitude, so far no capability of releasing dropsondes |  |

## MAHALO!!