# Presentation: 930646

## NEUROIMAGINGat the NIH

- Peter A. Bandettini, Ph.D.
- bandettini@nih.gov
- Functional MRI Facility
- &
- Unit on Functional Imaging Methods
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH

## Functional MRI the NIH...

- At least 4 institutes...
- NIAAA
- NIMH
- NINDS
- NIDCD
- ...and about 150 researchers.

## Topics Studied with fMRI at the NIH

- Epilepsy
- Visual processing
- Mood disorders
- Learning
- Habituation
- Plasticity
- Motor Function
- Auditory processing
- Attention
- Language
- Speech
- Stroke
- Social Interaction
- Development
- Aging
- Genetics

## Fiber Track Imaging

**Fiber Track Imaging**

**Angiography**

**Venography**

**Anatomy**

**Perfusion**

## Functional Imaging

- Xenon Computerized Tomography (Xe CT)
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
- Single Photon Computed Tomography (SPECT)
- Functional MRI (fMRI)
- Electroencephalography (EEG)
- Magnetoencphalography (MEG)
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

## Functional Neuroimaging Techniques

- Log Time (sec)

- Log Size (mm)

- Non-invasive

- Invasive

## MRI vs. fMRI

**MRI vs. fMRI**

-  neural activity        blood oxygen       fMRI signal

- MRI

- fMRI

- one image

- many images
- (e.g., every 2 sec for 5 mins)

- high resolution
- (1 mm)

- low resolution
- (~3 mm but can be better)

- _fMRI_
-  Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signal
-  indirect measure of neural activity

- ...

**Courtesy, Robert Cox, Scientific and Statistical Computing Core Facility, NIMH**

**Brain Activation Causes....**

## Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Contrast:  Resting Perfusion

**Capillaries**

**Veins**

**Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Contrast:  ****Resting**** Perfusion**

**Arteries**

## Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Contrast:

**Capillaries**

**Veins**

**Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Contrast:**
**Activated**** Perfusion**

**Arteries**

## Motor Cortex Activation

_**Motor Cortex Activation**_

## The FMRI Signal

*task*

*task*

**The FMRI Signal**

**Based on Local Blood Flow Response in the Brain**

**Courtesy, Rasmus Birn, Unit on Functional Imaging Methods, NIMH**

## Slide 13

## Activation Statistics

- <date/time>

- Functional images

- Time

**Activation Statistics**

**Courtesy, Robert Cox, Scientific and Statistical Computing Core Facility, NIMH**

## J. Illes, M. P. Kirschen, J. D. E. Gabrielli, Nature Neuroscience, 6 (3)m p.205

**J. Illes, M. P. Kirschen, J. D. E. Gabrielli, Nature Neuroscience, 6 (3)m p.205**

**Motor (black)**
**Primary Sensory (red)**
**Integrative Sensory (violet)**
**Basic Cognition (green)**
**High-Order Cognition (yellow)**
**Emotion (blue)**

## fMRI Setup

**Courtesy, Robert Cox, Scientific and Statistical Computing Core Facility, NIMH**

## Slide 17

## Reading

**Reading**

**Listening**

**Toe movement**

**Finger movement**

**Left**

**Right**

## Tactile Stimulation

**Tactile Stimulation**

**Finger Movement**

**1**

**2**

**3**

**4**

**5**

**6**

**7**

**8**

**9**

**10**

***Left***

***Right***

**Simple Finger Movement on the RIght Hand**

**Complex Finger Movement on the Right Hand**

**1**

**2**

**3**

**4**

**5**

**6**

**7**

**8**

**9**

**10**

***Left***

***Right***

**1**

**3**

**2**

**4**

**5**

**6**

**7**

**8**

**9**

**10**

***Left***

***Right***

**Imagined Complex Finger Movement on the Right Hand**

**1**

## Ocular Dominance Column Mapping using fMRI

**calcarine**

**Menon, R. S., S. Ogawa, et al. (1997). “Ocular dominance in human V1 demonstrated by functional magnetic resonance imaging.” **_**J Neurophysiol**_** 77(5): 2780-7.**

**Ocular Dominance Column Mapping using fMRI**

## Presurgical Mapping

- O-15 PET

- Right Hand

- Right Foot

- Tumor

- Left Foot

- fMRI

## Slide 27

## Science, Vol 281, August 1998

**Science, Vol 281, August 1998**

## Comparison of two groups of normal individuals with differences in the Serotonin Transporter Gene

**Comparison of two groups of *****normal***** individuals with differences in the Serotonin Transporter Gene**

## Methodology

**Interpretation**

**Applications**

**Technology**

**Neuroscience**

## Who we are

_*Unit on Functional Imaging Methods*_
- Peter Bandettini (Physics/Physiology/Neuroscience...)
- Rasmus Birn (Physics)
- David Knight (Neuroscience)
- Anthony Boemio (Physics/Neuroscience)
- Niko Kriegeskorte (Psychology/Statistics)
- Natalia Petridou (Biomedical Engineering)
- Ilana Levy (Psychology)
- Hanh Nguyen (Neuroscience)