# Presentation: 089106

## View from CERN

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP    1

## View from CERN

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP    2

## LHC Upgrade Plans and New Initiatives

- CERN New Initiatives

- LHC Insertion:
- LHC IR Upgrade –Phase I project lead by Ranko Ostojic
- LHC collimation:
- Phase 2 collimation project lead by Ralph Assmann
- LHC injector complex:
-  LINAC4 project lead by Maurizio Vretenar
-  PS2 design study lead by Michael Benedikt
-  LSPL design study lead by Roland Garoby
-  SPS upgrade study team lead by Elena Shaposhnikova

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP     3

## Goals for the LHC Phase 1 IR Upgrade

- Main milestones (Lyn):
-  develop short Nb-Ti magnet prototype by middle 2009.
-  full length prototype by 2010.
-  installation by 2013
-  requires proposal for Phase 1 upgrade magnets by 2008
-  July review at CERN:
-      -120mm diameter with 120 T/m gradient.
-      -Modular design with equal magnet length.
-      -Cold D1 magnets.
-      -No other modifications of matching section magnets.
-  Phase I IR upgrade will be implemented in parallel with the
-      LINAC4 startup (availability of higher beam brightness).

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP    4

## Goals for the LHC Phase 2 IR Upgrade

- Phase II

- Identify new IR layouts and magnet technologies that allow a ten fold increase in the nominal LHC luminosity:
-  Prepare a solution that can withstand the radiation for operation
-      with L = 1035 cm-2 sec-1
-  The Phase II upgrade should be implemented once the Phase I
-       solution reaches the end of the magnet lifetime (700 fb-1)
- 	 after 4 to 5 years of the Phase I upgrade operation
-       assuming the Phase I operation reaches L = 3 1034cm-2sec-1
-         earliest installation by 2017  requires substantial R&D
- There are currently 2 options under study:
-  25 ns option using integrated ‘slim magnets’ inside the detectors
-  50ns option using above ‘ultimate’ beam intensities

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP    5

## General Upgrade Study Topics

- There are several beam dynamic studies that could be beneficial for
- all upgrade Phases:

-  Long range beam-beam wire compensation.
-  Electron lenses for head-on beam-beam compensation.
-  CRAB cavities and CRAB waist operation.
-  Studies related to absorbers and magnet protection.
-  Studies related to the suppression of the electron cloud effect.
-  Upgrade studies for the LHC injector complex (e.g. space charge limitations).
-  Studies related to understanding the beam-beam effects and limits.
-  Studies related to understanding limits imposed by chromatic aberrations.
-  Studies of diffusion and loss mechanisms and their impact on collimation
-  LHC impedance and beam stability

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP    6

## Priorities for New Production Projects

- Priority guidelines:

-  Priority 1: New initiatives production projects (IR upgrade & LINAC4)
-                        with clear deadlines and specifications
-                                                            (e.g. magnets for Phase 1 IR upgrade)
-  Priority 2: Injector upgrades and studies for LHC IR upgrades that go
-                        beyond Phase 1 IR upgrade goals and where parameter
-                        specifications are well advanced (e.g. SPS upgrades; PS2)
-  Priority 3: future upgrade plans where parameters have not yet been
-                        well defined (e.g. Phase 2 collimators) or where still
-                        substantial R&D efforts are required
-                        (e.g. CRAB cavities and LHC electron lens)

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP    7

## View from CERN: new initiatives

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP    8

## Potential US contributions for Phase I upgrade

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP    9

## Potential USLARP activities for PSII

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP    10

## Potential USLARP activities for other New Initiatives

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP    11

## Status of the LHC Machine‘2008 Agenda and Events’

**Status of the LHC Machine****‘2008 Agenda and Events’**

- O. Brüning
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

- A Very Eventful First Year!

## On Behalf of the whole LHC Commissioning Team

- _On Behalf of the whole LHC Commissioning Team_

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP    13

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## ContentsLHC Layout

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP    14

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Status at the Beginning of 2008

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP    15

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Main Events in 2008

- First magnet powering in the tunnel: quench tests with large ‘string’; synchronous powering of complete arc system; de-training

- ‘Synchronization tests’ with beam:
-  first beam steering in injection area; first beam induced quench; inject & dump test

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP    16

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## De-Training Effect for Quench Levels

- The LHC magnets have a higher quench level after thermal cycle as compared to 1st virgin quench
- The gain is the larger the lower the 1st virgin quench
- However, Noell magnets shows some anomalous behavior
- Detraining looks worse for the Sector 56 data
-  decision to perform hardware commissioning in 2008 to 5.5 TeV

- A. Siemko at MAC 23

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP    17

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Phenomenon of Symmetric Quenches

- One quench (in B16.R5 at ~7.4 kA) has developed the high “MIITs” and resulting high hot spot temperature
-                 required modifications to the quench protection system!

- _Phenomenon of Symmetric Quenches_

- Siemko at
- MAC 23

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Ramp of 138 power converters to a current equivalent to 5.3 TeV (including all high current magnets realistic LHC optics )

**19 February 2008,15:00****commissioning team**** **

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Synchronization Tests With Beam

- _Synchronization Tests With Beam_

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- Synchronize SPS extraction with LHC injection kickers
- Adaptation of timing controls
- Magnet polarity verification of injection line and first LHC sectors
- Sorted out several polarity
-       errors (data base)
- Aperture scans
- Identified aperture bottle neck in
-       injection area (vacuum valve)
- First beam induced quench
- BPM & BLM verification
- Concentrators, data base, thresholds
- Sorted out several BPM errors
- Inject & dump mode
- Dump kicker timing

- 9/10 August

- 23/24 August

- 9. September

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Synchronization Tests With Beam

- First Beam in the LHC: Injection area (Sept, kicker and TDI)

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Synchronization Tests With Beam

- First Beam to IR3: First trajectory steering onto collimator in IR3

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Synchronization Tests With Beam

- First Beam to IR3: Beam stopped on collimator jaw

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Synchronization Tests With Beam

- First Beam to IR3: Kick response        excellent fitting tools!

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- First Beam to IR3: Dispersion orbit measurement  polarity errors

- V. Kain
- J. Wenninger

- V. Kain
- J. Wenninger

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Synchronization Tests With Beam

- Injection region aperture verification: Aperture limitation due to vacuum valve

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- MADX online model

- B. Goddard

- Ilia Agapov

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Synchronization Tests With Beam

- Arc aperture verification: Kick measurements  aperture and coupling

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- R. Callaga, M. Giovannozzi et al.

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Synchronization Tests With Beam

- First Beam to IR3: First trajectory corrections and beam induced quench: ‘quenchino’

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Summary Synchronization Tests

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## LHC Startup 10. September

- _LHC Startup 10. September_

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## LHC Beam Commissioning:

- _LHC Beam Commissioning:_

- 10. September:
- Established 1. Turn for Beam 1
- Established 1. Turn for Beam 2
- Established circulating beam for Beam2
- Following days:
- RF capture Beam 2;
- Klystron based RF system!
- Noise + feedback loops
- First beam measurements
- Orbit correction
- Tune & coupling measurement
- Optics verification via kick-response

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## First Turn

- First & Second Turn on screen
- First Turn on BPM system

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- Jörg Weninger
- Courtesy of Roger Bailey

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Closed Orbit and Kick Response for Full Machine

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- YASP by
- Jörg Weninger

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## RF Capture:

- Captured Beam Current
- Mountain Range display

- DESY – Zeuthen Seminar; 14. & 15. October 2008

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- Ed Chiapal

## Beam Current Transformer and Beam Lifetime:

- BCT versus bunch number and time: ca. 1⁄2 h beam lifetime!

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Tune 

- _Tune _
- _and _
- ___-beat:_

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- R. Thomas

- Jörg Weninger
- R. Steinhagen

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## First Beam Seen by the Experiments

- _First Beam Seen by the Experiments_

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Summary Beam Commissioning

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## LHC Incident in Sector 34

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## LHC Incident in Sector 34

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## LHC Incident in Sector 34

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Spare Transparencies

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Staged Commissioning Plan for Protons

- Stage I

- II

- III

- No beam

- Beam

- IV

-          Pilot physics run
- First collisions
- 43 bunches, no crossing angle, no squeeze, moderate intensities
- Push performance (156 bunches, partial squeeze in 1 and 5  L ≈ 1031 cm-2 sec-1)
-          75ns operation
- Establish multi-bunch operation, moderate intensities
- Relaxed machine parameters (squeeze and crossing angle)
- Push squeeze and crossing angle  L ≈ 1033 cm-2 sec-1 (event pile up rate)
-          25ns operation I
- Nominal crossing angle
- Push squeeze
- Increase intensity to 50% nominal  L ≈ 2 1033 cm-2 sec-1
-          25ns operation II
- Push towards nominal performance

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- Courtesy of Roger Bailey

| Hardware commissioning | Machine checkout | Beam commissioning | 43 bunch operation | 75ns ops | 25ns ops I | Install Phase II and MKB | 25ns ops II |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008

## Parameter evolution and rates

| Parameters |  |  | Beam levels |  | Rates in 1 and 5 |  | Rates in 2 and 8 |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| kb
 | N | * 1,5
(m) | Ibeam
proton | Ebeam
(MJ) | Luminosity
(cm-2s-1) | Events/
crossing | Luminosity
(cm-2s-1) | Events/
crossing |
| 43 | 4 1010 | 11 | 1.7 1012 | 1.4 | 8.0 1029 | << 1 | Depend on the configuration of collision pattern |  |
| 43 | 4 1010 | 3 | 1.7 1012 | 1.4 | 2.9 1030 | 0.36 |  |  |
| 156 | 4 1010 | 3 | 6.2 1012 | 5 | 1.0 1031 | 0.36 |  |  |
| 156 | 9 1010 | 3 | 1.4 1013 | 11 | 5.4 1031 | 1.8 |  |  |
| 936 | 4 1010 | 11 | 3.7 1013 | 42 | 2.4 1031 | << 1 | 2.6 1031 | 0.15 |
| 936 | 4 1010 | 2 | 3.7 1013 | 42 | 1.3 1032 | 0.73 | 2.6 1031 | 0.15 |
| 936 | 6 1010 | 2 | 5.6 1013 | 63 | 2.9 1032 | 1.6 | 6.0 1031 | 0.34 |
| 936 | 9 1010 | 1 | 8.4 1013 | 94 | 1.2 1033 | 7 | 1.3 1032 | 0.76 |
| 2808 | 4 1010 | 11 | 1.1 1014 | 126 | 7.2 1031 | << 1 | 7.9 1031 | 0.15 |
| 2808 | 4 1010 | 2 | 1.1 1014 | 126 | 3.8 1032 | 0.72 | 7.9 1031 | 0.15 |
| 2808 | 5 1010 | 1 | 1.4 1014 | 157 | 1.1 1033 | 2.1 | 1.2 1032 | 0.24 |
| 2808 | 5 1010 | 0.55 | 1.4 1014 | 157 | 1.9 1033 | 3.6 | 1.2 1032 | 0.24 |

**All values for nominal emittance, 10m ********* in points 2 and 8**
**All values for 936 or 2808 bunches colliding in 2 and 8 (not quite right)**

**5 TeV**

**7 TeV**

## Low-beta squeeze (15 independent quadrupole circuits)

- Oliver Brüning/CERN AB-ABP

- CM11 in FNAL; 27. & 28. October 2008