# Presentation: 918705

## Factors That Fuel Growth in Travel

- Based on the Nationwide Personal
- Transportation Survey

- Nancy McGuckin

- Travel Behavior Analyst

**Factors That Fuel ****Growth in Travel**

## Demographics and Travel Indexed to 1969

**Demographics and Travel Indexed to 1969**

## Women’s Increasing Share ofDrivers and Workers

- 1969

- 1977

- 1983

- 1990

- 1995

- 0.2

- 0.4

- 0.6

- 0.8

- 1

**Male Drivers per Male 16+**

**Female Drivers per Female 16+**

**Male Workers per male 16+**

**Female Workers per female 16+**

**Women’s Increasing Share of****Drivers and Workers**

## Women in the Labor Force

- Nearly 60 percent of women (

*age 16 *

*and above*

- ) are working.  In 1960, under

- 40% of women were in the labor force

- Men have shown slight declines in labor

- force participation rates since the

- 1950's

**Women in the Labor Force**

## Labor Force Participation

## Percent of Households by Type

- SOURCE:  U.S. Census Bureau (1998 Data)

- Married-No Children

- 21.0%

- Married-with Children

- 32.0%

- Single-with Children

- 16.0%

- 1 Person Household

- 25.0%

- Unrelated individuals

- 6.0%

**Families**

**69%**

**Non-**

**Families**

**31%**

**Percent of Households by Type**

## Trip Chaining

- In households with children, women are more likely than men to stop at multiple destinations on the way to or from work
- Single mothers, especially of small children, are far more likely to create trip chains than either single fathers or mothers in households with two adults

**Trip Chaining**

## Percent of Workers Who Stop on the Way Home

**Percent of Workers Who Stop on the Way Home**

## Women’s Travel 

- Women take more daily trips than men,
- accounting for about 200 more trips per year

- In families with multiple cars, women are likely
- to drive the newer household vehicle

- Because of trip chaining, women are more
- dependent on a vehicle to accomplish daily travel

- Women are more likely to continue to travel in the
- peak periods, even when given flex-time at work

**Women’s Travel **

## Person Trips by Mode

- By Gender

- SOURCE:  1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey

- POV

- Transit

- Bike/Walk

- Other

- 0

- 20

- 40

- 60

- 80

- 100

- Male

- Female

**Percent**

- 86.1

- 86.6

- 1.6

- 1.9

- 6.6

- 6.0

- 5.7

- 5.5

**Person Trips by Mode**

## Are We at Vehicle Saturation?

## Trends in Vehicle Ownership

- Overall vehicle ownership has reached 1.0 per licensed driver, almost 20% of households have three or more cars available
- There remain 8 million U.S. households with no vehicle, if they all acquired a car it would add less than 5% more to the American fleet
- The annual person miles of travel in high-income  households with more vehicle than drivers is 425% higher than in low-income households with 1 car per driver

## Slide 13

## Slide 14

## Reports of Saturation are PrematureUrban Licensed Drivers 16 - 64

## Nation of Immigrants (Again!)

## Proportion of Households w/o a Vehicle by number of years resident in U.S.

## Drivers Licenses by Age Group

## Annual Person Miles of Travel per Driver

## Long Distance Travel by Race and Ethnicity (annual per capita trips)

## Demographic Changes

- New immigrants are highly dependent on transit, and over time acquire cars and American driving habits

- Hispanic women are 13 percent less likely to have a license than Hispanic men

- As baby boomers age they will continue to be highly mobile

- Travel growth will predominately come from minority populations, women, and new immigrants

**Demographic Changes**

## The Future of Work

- Higher participation by under-utilized workers, such as newly retired, women, minority workers, and new immigrants

- Tele-work may INCREASE travel, since workers will make other trips and deliveries to households will increase (Auto vrs. Truck balance)

- Tele-work may also increase miles of travel—workers who only commute once or twice a week may move out to the far fringe of metro areas

**The Future of Work**

## Where are we Heading?

- Historically, more communication has equaled more travel
- Affluence creates demand for more opportunities and mobility
- Groups with lower mobility are likely to add to future travel demand
- Multiple roles and complex lives are more dependent on private vehicles