# Presentation: 495068

## U.S. EPA National Air Quality Conference-2002

**U.S. EPA National Air Quality Conference-2002**

**Informal Mentoring Session:**
**Ozone Action 101**

**Laura J. DeGuire**
**Michigan DEQ**

**Notes:**
Ozone Action! 101 – Laura J. DeGuire

Background in education.
Have worked in Air Quality for over 20 years – ten in air monitoring programs and the rest in Outreach & Education.  
I personally believe we all can make a difference to improve the world.  This keeps my enthusiasm up ... even when poor clean air choices are made by others.

## VOLUNTARY PROGRAMS   a rose by any other name ...

**OZONE ACTION**
**SPARE THE AIR **
**SMOG ALERT**
**YPNH**

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**Notes:**
VOLUNTARY PROGRAMS:
Voluntary pollution reduction programs have been around for years.

Some of the clean air voluntary program names include:
Ozone Action
Spare the Air 
Smog Alert
YPNH – your program name here

## OZONE ACTION PROGRAMS: 

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**Notes:**
EPA lists Nationwide Ozone Action programs on AIRNOW as indicated by green dots.

## VOLUNTARY OUTREACH

***Believe in your program!***
**PARTNERS**
**TARGET **
**REAL **
**EASY**

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**Notes:**
How do you begin a new voluntary outreach program?  First and foremost -  Believe in your program!

PARTNERS – include state & local governments, business, academia to build credibility
TARGET -  the message and the audience 
REAL – use real data & measurable outcomes from program.  Loose your credibility and you loose the program.
EASY-  If actions are not easy to incorporate into daily life ... it won’t happen.

## PARTNERS

**UNITED WE STAND**
**BROADBASE GROUP**
**HOW DIRECTED?**
**LOCALLY DRIVEN**

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**Notes:**
PARTNERS:  ESEMPLASTIC (es-em-PLAS-tik) adjective Having the capability of moulding diverse ideas or things into unity.[From Greek es- (into) + en, neuter of eis (one) + plastic. Coined by poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834), apparently after German Ineinsbildung (forming into one)].
United We Stand – Recognize there is strength in numbers
Broadbase Group – Garners the greatest support. Whatever the reason partners want to join, include as many as possible to drive the message.
Directed – Is it directed by an agency (government or other) or by a Coalition of interested parties – including academia, govt, environmental groups, business, etc.
A Locally Driven – program can buy credibility – The public believes their neighbors, employers, church groups, or local government over some nameless,  faceless bureaucrat.

## TARGET MESSAGE

**PRODUCTS**
- Written Materials,  Educational Curriculum
- Ads, PSAs, Videos, Exhibits
- Web pages, Events, Give-aways
**DISSEMINATION**
- Media – TV, Radio, Print
- Internet, fax, e-mail, 800 number hotline

***Actions Improve ***
***Air Quality***

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**Notes:**
TARGET THE MESSAGE:  
Actions Improve Air Quality

PRODUCTS:
Fact sheets, Brochures, Articles, Stuffers,    Educational Curriculum
Ads, PSAs, Videos, Logos, Display Exhibits
Web pages, Events, Giveaways

DISSEMINATION:
Media – TV, Radio, Print 
Internet, fax, e-mail, 800 number hotline
Partners

## TARGET AUDIENCE

**BUSINESS **
**ACADEMIA **
**STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT **
**ENVIRONMENTAL **
**SPECIAL INTEREST**

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**Notes:**
TARGET AUDIENCE
Most programs target one or more of the following:  
Business 
Academia 
State & local government 
Environmental groups
Special interest groups
Traditional and Non-Traditional Approaches
Community based outreach
Ecumenical outreach

## REAL

**REAL DATA**
**SURVEYS**
**TRUTHFUL RESULTS **
**DISPLAY OZONE MAPS**

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**Notes:**
REAL – not smoke and mirrors
Use Real Data – OA / QC’d
Surveys – Representative of measurable changes improvements
Display Ozone Maps – local or national

Truthful – be honest in what you report.  Once you burn the public ... they will never trust you again.

## EASY

**ACTIONS - KISS** (keep it simple)
**Tell ‘em What’s In It For Them:**
- $aves money
- Improves health
- Cleaner environment
- Advertising opportunity to market “clean air” activities (a.k.a. good will)

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**Notes:**
ACTIONS - KISS (Keep it simple, stupid!)
Tell ‘em What’s In It For Them:
$aves money
Improves health
Cleaner environment
Advertising opportunity to market “clean air” activities (a.k.a. good will

## WHAT CAN WE DO ...?

**WHAT CAN WE DO ...?**

**To reduce emissions that lead to ozone**
**To reach attainment for the one hour ozone standard**

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**Notes:**
IN MICHIGAN, WE ASKED WHAT CAN WE DO???
To reduce emissions that lead to ozone?
To reach attainment for the one hour ozone standard?

By the early 1990’s, attainment was so close...

## OZONE POLLUTION

**Industrial**

**Motor Vehicle **

**Other**

**     ****Daily Hydrocarbon **
****** ****Emissions**

**Daily Emissions **
**from Activities that **_**We**_** Can Impact  ******

**Total = ****721**** Tons per day**

- From 1993

**Painting**

**Gas Station**

**Lawn Mower**

**Boating**

**Dry Cleaning**

**Total = ****350**** Tons per day**

**Household Chemicals**

**Driving **

**Notes:**
 An analysis of emissions was performed in order to determine what pollution is impacted by personal choices - of industry & the general citizenry.
  350 of the 721 tons per day - one half of the emissions are those that could be reduced by making choices.  Driving, fueling, using household chemicals all adds to the chemical soup in the air.  Any action to reduce the emissions is a good thing.
After reflecting on the SE emissions pie..., the idea to seek voluntary reductions was hatched.

## OZONE ACTION!

***OZONE ACTION!***

**CAC of S.E. MI (Detroit)  began program in 1994      **
**West Michigan CAC in 1995**
**Locally driven by coalitions (credible)**
**Based on voluntary actions**
**Easy to take “*****Action!*****”**

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**Notes:**
OZONE ACTION!

Clean Air Coalition (CAC) of S.E. MI began in Detroit. The 1st Ozone Action!       program was held in summer 1994      
West Michigan CAC began in 1995
Locally driven by coalitions (credible)
Based on voluntary actions
Easy to take “Action!”

## VOLUNTARY ACTIONS

**VOLUNTARY ACTIONS**

** ****Whose actions?****  **
**Businesses **
**General Public**
**  ****By volunteering to:**
**Reduce driving **
**Choose alternatives to VOC emissions**
**Defer emission generating activities**** **

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**Notes:**
VOLUNTARY – NO CLEAN AIR POLICE!

Whose actions?  
Businesses 
General Public

  How? By volunteering to:
Reduce driving 
Fuel efficiently and maintain vehicles
Choose alternatives to VOC emissions
Defer emission generating activities such as mowing, refueling,  

## BENEFIT OF OZONE ACTION! 

**BENEFIT OF *****OZONE ACTION!***

***Ozone Action!***** focus:**
**  ****Reduce ozone precursors in**
**  ****areas of influence along with **
**  ****areas of impact****  **
** **

**Impac**t

**Influence**

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**Notes:**
BENEFIT OF OZONE ACTION!

Ozone Action! focus:
  Reduce ozone precursors in areas of influence along with areas of impact  

## BENEFIT OF OZONE ACTION!

**BENEFIT OF *****OZONE ACTION!***

**HEALTH MESSAGE:**
**People with health concerns know *****Ozone Action!***** Days indicate  higher ozone values are**
**expected and can take **
***action***** to protect themselves****  **

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**Notes:**
SECOND BENEFIT OF OZONE ACTION!

HEALTH MESSAGE:
People with health concerns know Ozone Action! Days indicate higher ozone values are expected and can take action to protect themselves  

## FORECASTS - When “Met Teams” call Action! 

**FORECASTS ****-** When “Met Teams” call *Action!*

- Air Quality
- Ace Meteorologist

- West MI

- SE MI

**TEAMS - government & private sector meteorologists**
**EXPERIENCED - *****OA!*****  forecasts since 1994; LMOS  & SEMOS experience **
**ACTION based on 8-hr average **
**NOTICE to NWS**

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**Notes:**
WHEN MET TEAMS CALL “ACTION”!

Teams include multi-state government and private sector meteorologists
Experienced - OA!  forecasts since 1994; Lake Michigan Ozone Study & SE Michigan Ozone Study work since 1990
Calls based on 8-hr AQI health indicator
Notice put on National Weather Service weather wire.

## OZONE ACTION! IN ACTION 

***OZONE ACTION! *****IN ACTION**

- Ozone Action!
- Day

**PARTNERS ****- ****notified via e-mail & fax**
**NEWS MEDIA**** - ****TV, radio & newspapers  share the message with the general public**
**WEB - ****via AQD; EPA’s AIRNOW notification; & Clean Air Coalitions**

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**Notes:**
Once the met team notifies the CAC, there is a rush to get the message out -

Partners - notified via  e-mail & fax
News media - TV, radio & newspapers  share the message with the general public
Web notification - via AQD, EPA’s AIRNOW & Clean Air Coalitions

## (NEAR) REAL-TIME MAPS

**(NEAR) REAL-TIME MAPS**

**TOOL - to communicate ozone values to the public **
** ****AQD MAPS available since 1995 -**
**on Internet site daily during season **
**on Internet hourly on *****OA!***** days **
** ****EPA AIRNOW - website maps**

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**Notes:**
USE OZONE MAPS - 
TOOL - to communicate ozone values to the public 
 AQD MAPS available since 1995 -
on Internet site daily during season 
on Internet hourly on OA! days 
 EPA AIRNOW - website maps

## AQD WEBPAGE OZONE MAP

**AQD WEBPAGE OZONE MAP**

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**Notes:**
MICHIGAN INTERNET – 

We currently provide hourly from early am to 10 pm during the ozone season. 

On a National Level ... EPA has an Internet site called AIRNOW that generates ozone maps for areas in the US.

## EPA AIRNOW OZONE MAP

**EPA AIRNOW OZONE MAP**

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**Notes:**
AIRNOW national map

Great way to view regional ozone conditions, to compare with other areas and to get an idea of what levels of air quality may be approaching.
Also serves as backup if state ozone map internet site is down.

## AIR QUALITY INDEX (AQI)

**Pollutant Standard Index revised to AQI**
**Ties into ozone mapping**
**Uses standardized color coding -**
**green   ****= good**** **
**yellow  ****= moderate**** **
**orange ****= unhealthy for sensitive groups**** **
**red****	****       = unhealthy**
**purple****  = very unhealthy**

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**Notes:**
The Air Quality Index (old Pollutant Standard Index) indicates whether the air is healthy and is an important tool for use with voluntary programs..  
AQI ties closely into ozone mapping and uses standardized color coding - 
green   = good 
yellow  = moderate 
orange = unhealthy for sensitive      groups 
red	     = unhealthy
purple  = very unhealthy

## AQD WEBPAGE AQI MAP

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**Notes:**
AQI required to be disseminated to the public.  In Michigan, it is displayed on the AQD internet website. 
AQI is calculated for MSA areas with populations above 350,000
In Michigan that means seven metropolitan area, however we include data from all continuous air monitors in our map.

## TAKING  “ACTION!” IN THE NEWS

**TAKING  “*****ACTION!*****”***** *****IN THE NEWS**

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**Notes:**
SO, HOW’S IT WORKING?   IS THE MESSAGE GETTING TO THE PUBLIC?
We knew the Ozone Action program was a success when political satire cartoons such as this one hit the press.

“Yeah it’s an OA! Day so we decided to DRIVE the family here for some fresh air.”

## 1998 SURVEY RESULTS Voluntary actions are making a difference! 

**1998 SURVEY RESULTS**** ***Voluntary actions are making a difference!**** ***

**I****n SE MI, 99% knew of “don’t mow lawn” days;  88% knew the term “*****Ozone Action!*****”;  & 78% participated.  Of this group:**
-  50% participated _every_ *OA!* day
-  most participated at least 5 of the 10 days called
-  68% support *OA!* even if 20 days called next year
** ****In WEST MI, 75% knew about *****Ozone Action!***

**Notes:**
Good as political cartoons are, SUVEYS ARE THE BEST WAY TO GAUGE PROGRAM IMPACT:
In SE MI, 99% knew of “don’t mow lawn” days;  88% knew the term “Ozone Action!”; and 78% participated.  Of this group:
 50% participated every OA! day
 most participated at least 5 of the 10 days called
 68% support OA! even if 20 days called next year
 In WEST MI, 75% knew about Ozone Action!

## EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES

**EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES**

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**Notes:**
AN EDUCATIONAL COMPONENT OF A VOLUNTARY PROGRAM CAN HELP DISTRIBUTE THE MESSAGE.

Teacher resource kits were coordinated by an education consultant from a major university in conjunction with input from CAC staff, the DEQ Air Quality environmental educator, and Math and Science Center teachers.  
The materials are tied closely with the Michigan Educational Assessment Program (MEAP) goals; Model Core Curriculum Outcomes; and Michigan Goals and Objectives for Science Education.
Materials designed to be dove-tailed into existing curriculum.  They were piloted and refined based on teacher feedback. 
IT’S DOWNLOADABLE!  Free off webpage.

## OZONE ACTION! PLANS FOR 2002 

***OZONE ACTION!***** PLANS FOR 2002**** **

**Continue to instruct the public when and how to take “*****action!*****” to reduce air pollution.  **
**Send message that people can also take “*****action!*****” to protect health when high levels are expected.**

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**Notes:**
OA! PLANS FOR 2002 - 
Continue to instruct the public when and how to take “action!” to reduce air pollution.  
Send message that people can also take “action!” to protect health when high levels are expected.

## Slide 27

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## Slide 28

## The following are potential slides should interest merit inclusion.

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## MICHIGAN OZONE ACTION! DAYS

- MICHIGAN* ****OZONE ACTION!**** *DAYS

**               ****SE MICHIGAN     WEST MICHIGAN      TOTAL**
**1994****	****           11****	****	****	****-****	****	****        11**
**1995****	****           16****	****                   16****	****	****       19**
**1996****	****            6****	****                    6****	****	****         8**
**1997****	****            8****	****                   11****	****	****       13**
**1998*           10****	****                   11****	****	****       12**
**1999*****	****   ****	****25****	****	****        20****	****	****       27**
**2000*****	****	****  4****	****	****  ****	****4****	****	****         4**
**2001*****	****	****16****	****	****        12****	****	****       17**
*** = forecasts based on the 8-hour AQI health indicator **

**Notes:**
Comparison of OA Days in MI

1994 thru 1997 were based upon one hour ozone standard
1998 thru 2001 were based upon the 8-hour AQI health indicator.

Note that the fluctuation in the number of days is wildly variable.

## Ozone Action! Curriculum Objectives:

-  Develop **TERMINOLOGY **& **VOCABULARY**
-  Instill **INTEREST** & **RESPONSIBILITY**
-  Ensure **RESPONSIBLE DECISIONS**
-  Consider **ENVIRONMENTAL CAREERS**
-  Good information for **LIFELONG                                  ****	****DECISIONS**

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**Notes:**
Ozone Action! Teacher Resource Kits designed with FIVE  basic goals in mind:
  1. to help students develop a working vocabulary of air quality terminology and issues, 
  2. to instill interest and responsibility in those issues, 
  3. to ensure that our youth is able to make responsible decisions about behaviors and decisions that affect the environment, 
  4. to encourage students to consider environmentally-related careers and 
  5. to provide high-quality, usable information for students whose lifelong decisions will be impacted by their education.

## Each Resource Kit Contains:

-  *Ozone Action!* Tip Sheets
-  Learn the Lingo! *Ozone Action*! Glossary
-  *Ozone Action!* Forecasting Information
-  Lesson Plans for Teachers
-  Hands-on Activities
-  Bonus Activity Kit
-  Reading Materials
-  An Evaluation Form
-  Promotional Material Order Form

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**Notes:**
Each Ozone Action! Teacher Resource Kit contains:

 Updated information about Ozone Action! and air quality issues in Southeast Michigan; Ozone Action! Tip Sheets, 
 Learn the Lingo! An Ozone Action! Glossary, 
 Ozone Action! Forecasting Information, 
 Lesson Plans for Teachers, 
 Hands-on Activities, 
 Bonus Activity Kit, 
 Reading Materials, 
 Promotional Material Order Form (our materials are free, but limited to the residents of Michigan). 
 An evaluation form

## Ozone (O3)

** ****Colorless, pungent gas**
** ****Formed by a reaction of**
**	****sunlight and gaseous **
**	****chemicals**
**	**
** ****The gaseous chemicals **
**	****are emitted from auto-**
**	****mobile exhausts, painting operations, **
**    ****solvent usage, gasoline and power plants**

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**Notes:**
Ground-level ozone is also know as photochemical smog.  It is an invisible, irritating gas which is so reactive that it breaks down substances - not only materials, but biological tissues and cells as well.  Ozone causes: eye irritation, lung irritation, tissue damage  and breathing difficulties, reduces the ability to perform physical activities, and may make lungs more susceptible to infection.  
While children, the elderly, and people with heart or lung ailments are particularly sensitive to ozone pollution, even healthy people exercising outdoors may experience pulmonary discomfort when concentrations reach the current health indicator of 0.8 parts per million averaged over an 8 hour period.
Ozone also damages trees, plants and crops.  It accelerates aging of rubber, fabric's, painted surfaces and other materials.  Because it is weather dependent, the extent of the ozone problem varies from year to year.

## S.P.O.T.S.

**S.P.O.T.S. is the Spatially Plotted  Ozone Tracking System.      **
**Ozone data is plotted onto a map program.  It uses REAL data.**
**SPOTS was developed by MI AQD **
**S.P.O.T.S. is available FREE ! Curriculum is located on the SEMCOG *****Ozone Action!***** website (hotlink from the AQD *****Ozone Action!***** page).**

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**Notes:**
S.P.O.T.S. is the  Spatially Plotted  Ozone Tracking System.      
Ozone data is plotted onto a map program.  It uses REAL data.
SPOTS was developed by MI AQD specialist Tom Monosmith.

## Ozone Standards

**1978**   1-hour standard of 120 ppb established
**1997**   8-hour ave. standard of 85 ppb established
**1998**   Ozone monitors indicate 3 years of compliance with 1-hour standard statewide at the end of the 1998 ozone season.

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**Notes:**
OZONE STANDARDS:

1978 1-hour standard of 120 ppb established
1997 8-hour ave. standard of 85 ppb established
1998 Ozone monitors indicate 3 years of compliance with 1-hour standard statewide at the end of the 1998 ozone season.

## Ozone Standards (continued)

**In 1999:**
- 1-hour standard was revoked by EPA for areas where ozone monitors indicate 1-hour standard has been met.  This includes _all_ Michigan counties.
- New 8-hour standard remanded back to EPA by U.S. Federal court.  This means there is no standard where 1-hour standard was revoked.
- EPA proposes to re-instate 1-hour standard and attainment areas at 1997 levels.

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**Notes:**
OZONE STANDARDS (continued)
In 1999:
 1-hour standard was revoked by EPA for areas where ozone monitors indicate 1-hour standard has been met.  This includes all Michigan counties.
 New 8-hour standard remanded back to EPA by U.S. Federal court.  This means there is no standard where 1-hour standard was revoked.
 EPA proposes to re-instate 1-hour standard and attainment areas at 1997 levels.

## Michigan Ozone Mapping

**Daily ozone data maps available via AQD Internet pages since 1995.**
**Hourly data provided on *****Ozone Action!***** days via AQD site since 1997.**

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**Notes:**
MICHIGAN OZONE MAPPING
Daily ozone data maps available via AQD Internet pages since 1995.
Hourly data provided on Ozone Action! days via AQD site since 1997.

## National Ozone Mapping

**MI provides raw ozone data to EPA.  **
**AQD Meteorologist forecast Ozone AQI for next day - upload to AIRNOW forecast table.**
**EPA - AIRNOW site creates 1-hr. and 8-hr. maps and “movies” of ozone data.**
**Weather Service Providers offer mapping products based on AIRNOW information.**

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