# Presentation: 285946

##  Linking sin2Bs, AKProblem, and AFB(B → K* l l ) 

** **Linking** **sin**2********B****s****,**** *************A***K************Problem**,**** **and** **AFB(B **→** K* l l )

- February 5, 2009**,** CDF/D**∅** Joint-B @ Fermilab

## Large CP Violation in Bs Mixing

**Large CP Violation in B****s**** Mixing**

- April 12, 2007, CDF/D0 @ Fermilab

- — and a few related Observables

## Story of a star-gazing ant

- Can ***all this*** be understood
- from my vantage ?

**Tomorrow Talk**

## Outline

- II.    Consistence and 4 x 4 CKM
- III.                    , **and Large**
- IV.   AFB(B **→** K* l l ) and Other Predictions
- V.    Conclusion

**WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, **
**    ****PRL’05;   PRD’05;   PRD’07 ;   PRD’08**
**Belle, Nature, 452, 20 (2008)**
**WSH, arXiv:0803.1234 [hep/ph]**

**<**

## I.                                                 

## ACP(B  K)

***A******CP*****(*****K*****************************) = 0.04 ******** 0.05 ******** 0.02**

***K*********************: 728 53******

**Large EW penguin (*****Z******0*****)** ?
-  **New Physics ?**

- [also seen by BaBar]

- _
- d

- d

************

***K*********

- u

- u

***B*********

- s

- b

- Sakai

- Saga Towards Belle Nature Paper ...

- hint that  ***A******CP*****(*****K***********************) ******** *****A******CP*****(*****K***********************) ? ****(2.4********)**

##  Belle 2004 PRL: Seed

**P****EW**
- Z**’**

-  Belle 2004 PRL: Seed

- by “yours truly”

**Y. Chao, P. Chang et al.**

## Belle 2008 Nature: Simple Bean Count

***********A*** = ***A****K*****  ***A****K***** =  **** 0.164 **** 0.037     4.4

**** **0.07** **** **0.03**** ****vs**** ******** ****0.094**** ******** ****0.020**

**Difference**
**Is**
**Large !**

**And Established**

**Belle + BaBar (+ CDF)**

- b **→** s CPV

## A K ~ 0 expected

*********A* *K* ~ 0 expected

-  0.097  0.012

-  0.050  0.025

**** 0.147 **** 0.028   > 5

**Why a**** ****P****uzzle ?**

**Large ****C**** ?**
**Large ****EW****P****enguin**** ****?**** **

**Need ****NP CPV Phase**
** **
***P*****EW **** has practically **
**    ****no weak phase in SM    **

- t, **?**

- Baek, London, PLB653, 249 (2007)

**World**

**Difference is Large**** ****!**

## Slide 10

## the experimentalist

**the experimentalist**

##  Wisdom from Peskin on A K 

-  Wisdom from Peskin on ***********A****** ***K**********

**“****hadronic”**

- , SLAC

## Need  anyway !

-  physics -- a larger than expected _color suppressed_ amplitude is an
-  explanation that _is ready at hand_.  On the other hand, I felt that it was
-  necessary to push the new physics interpretation when writing for the
-  Nature audience, people outside of high energy physics, because this
-  is why the result is potentially newsworthy.”

- Peskin (private communication)

- Ya, ya!
- Need ******** *anyway !*
- I’ll keep crawlin’...

**c****o****l****o****r**** ****suppressed**

## Going Up a Hill ...

- The Crawlin’ of one Ant

## My first B paper

**My first B paper**

- nondecoupling

**dimensions**

**WSH, Willey, Soni**

**<**

## Nondecoupling

-                               **∵**  _Appear in Propagator_
**Nondecoupling**:    Yukawa Couplings  ******Q**  Appear in Numerator

- Subtlety of Spont. Broken Gauge Theory

- dynamical

**Nondecoupling**

## A K ~ 0 expected

*********A* *K* ~ 0 expected

-  0.097  0.012

-  0.050  0.025

**** 0.147 **** 0.028   > 5

**Why a**** ****P****uzzle ?**

**Large ****C**** ?**
**Large ****EW****P****enguin**** ****?**** **

- t, **?**

- Baek, London, PLB653, 249 (2007)

**World**

**Need ****NP CPV Phase**
** **
***P*****EW **** has practically **
**    ****no weak phase in SM    **

- t, t’

- 4th Gen. in EWP Natural

- nondecoupling

## Going Up a Hill ...

- , ***t****** *****’**

- Embark

- The Crawlin’ of one Ant

## My first B paper

**... on ****4th generation**** also ******

## 4th Generation Still?

- - Disfavored by EW Precision     (see e.g. **J. Erler hep-ph/0604035; PDG06**

**4th Generation**** Still?**

- - N counting?  4th “neutrino” heavy
-        Massive neutrinos call for new Physics

## This is Still the Standard Model

## SM 3

**  ****Effective b ******** s Hamiltonian: t            Effect**

- t
- c

**SM 3**

**and**** **t’

## SM 4

- , ***t****** *****’**

- t ➯ t, t ’

- CPV Phase

- , **t***** *****’**

- Nondecoupling of ***t****** *****’**

- Arhrib and WSH, EPJC’03

**SM 4**

## EWP/Box Sensitivity to 4th Gen.

- nondecoupling

**QCD penguin**

**EW penguin**

**(No New Operators)**

- g less sensitive

## A  12%  vs 15% (data) 

**WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’**05

- LO PQCD **⊕** 4th Gen.

***********A***  12%  vs 15% (data)

***********A*** = ***A****K***+**  ***A****K***+**~ 15%  and

## t ➯ t, t ’

- , ***t****** *****’**

- t ➯ t, t ’

- GIM Respecting

- Arhrib and WSH, EPJC’03

- CPV Phase

- , **t***** *****’**

- Nondecoupling of ***t****** *****’**

## Slide 27

## A  12%  vs 15% (data) 

**WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05**

- LO PQCD **⊕** 4th Gen.

***********A***  12%  vs 15% (data)

***********A*** = ***A****K***+**  ***A****K***+**~ 15%  and

**Joining C & P****EW**

## II.    Consistence and 4 x 4 CKM

## Consistency and b  s Predictions

- Consistency and b  s Predictions

**BR OK                                 A****CP**** ~ 0 far away**

**beyond SuperB**

**PDG ’06**

**SM3**

**SM3**

- Heavy t’ effect
- decoupled
- for b  s****

- nondecoupling

##  4 x 4 Unitarity ➯ Z/K Constraints 

**“****Typical” CKM Matrix**

**b ******** s**

** **4 x 4 Unitarity ➯ Z/K Constraints

_**Satisfy **__**b **__****__** d**_**:  **✓** **
**Cannot tell triangle**
**from quadrangle**** **

**WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’05**

**s**** ******** ****b**

**d**** ******** ****s**

- Nontrivial

## b → d “Triangle” and b → s Quadrangle

- b → d “Triangle” and b → s Quadrangle

- b → s

- b → s Quadrangle
- Area ~ (****)30x b → d Triangle

- negligible

- b → d

- (almost Triangle)

## On Boxes and Z Penguins

- GIM , charm, ** *K*

- small ****’/****, K  (still waiting)

- heavy top , sin2****

- Z dominance for heavy top

- 1986    2002

- Most Flavor/CPV learned from these diagrams/processes

## On Boxes and Z Penguins

- GIM , charm, ** *K*

- small ****’/****, K  (still waiting)

- heavy top , sin2****

- Z dominance for heavy top

- 1986    2002

- All w/ 3-generations,
- Just wait if there’s a 4th

- D !
**b’**, **t**** ****’** @ LHC

***B******s***

- AFB

- Nondecoupling

**∵ **Large Yukawa !

##  III.                      and Large

**<**

## Unique CPV Phase: Common Area of Triangle

- Unique CPV Phase: Common *A*rea of Triangle

**Wolfenstein Parametrization to O(********5****)**

**N.B. geometric picture**

##  Mixing-dep. CPV in Bd and Bs in SM 

- b → s

- b → d

**sin****2********B****s**** ****≃**** ****– ****0.04     ****in SM3**

- Measure in B**s**  J/****

- “possible only at LHCb”

## Prediction: Large CPV in Bs Mixing

- b → s

- b → d

**sin****2********B****s ****~ ********0.5 to ********0.7**** **

- No Hadronic Uncertainty ...

**t****, ****t ’**

**t****, ****t ’**

******0.04   SM**

**PRL’****05**

## Bs Mixing  vs  B  Xsll

- Large CPV in Bs Mixing

**different nondecoupl. functions**

## Use nominal mt’ = 300 GeV 

**Change m****t****’**** , Change parameter range**
**Effect the Same.**

**(Similar)**

## Consistent  w/  B(bsll) 

-  Fixed ***r******sb****  *➯  Narrow *********sb*** Range
-       **destructive** with top
-  For ***r******sb*** ~ 0.02 – 0.03,       [*V****cb**** ~ *0.04
-        *********sb*** Range ~ 60 **°** - 70** ****°**** **

**Finite** CPV Phase

- Consistent  w/  **B**(bsll)
-                       SM-like !

**Large**** CPV ****Possible !**

- Despite ****m**B****s**, B(bsll) SM-like

**CDF**** ************ ****range**

**SM**
** ****(high)**

**H****F****AG ******** ****range**

***r******sb***

**WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, hep-ph/0610385**

**(PRD’****07****)**

## AK, S

**sin****2********B****s ****~ ********0.5 - ********0.7**** **

- Despite ****m**B****s**, B(bsll) SM-like

**CDF**** ************ ****range**

**SM**
** ****(high)**

***r******sb***

**?**

- Large CPV in Bs Mixing

**WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, hep-ph/0610385**

****AK, ****S

- Can **Large CPV in B****s**** Mixing**
- Be Measured @ Tevatron ?

- Sure thing by
- LHCb ca. 2008

**sin****2********B****s ****~ ********0.5 - ********0.7**** **

## Prediction: Large CPV in Bs Mixing

-  Fixed ***r******sb****  *➯  Narrow *********sb*** Range
-       **destructive** with top
-  For ***r******sb*** ~ 0.02 – 0.03,       [*V****cb**** ~ *0.04
-        *********sb*** Range ~ 60 **°** - 70** ****°**** **

**Finite** CPV Phase

- Bs Mixing Measured
-  @ Tevatron in 4/2006

**?**

**WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07**

***r******sb***

**CDF**** ************ ****range**

**SM**
** ****(high)**

**sin****2********B****s ****~ ********0.5 - ********0.7**** **

******0.04   SM**

- Prediction: Large CPV in Bs Mixing

## AK, S

**LHCb ca. 2010 (?)**

**Sign Predicted !**

- Despite ****m**B****s**, B(bsll) SM-like

**CDF**** ************ ****range**

**SM**
** ****(high)**

***r******sb***

**?**

****AK, ****S

**WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05**

**WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07**

- Can **Large CPV in B****s**** Mixing**
- Be Measured @ Tevatron ?

**sin****2********B****s ****~ ********0.5 - ********0.7**** **

******0.04   SM**

- Prediction: Large CPV in Bs Mixing

## Incredible !!!

- Further ICHEP’08 Updates (CDF/DØ/fitters): Strengthen !

- Incredible** !!!**

- ~2.8 
- 
- ± ?

**(already in ****05****)**

- PRL’08

- PRL’08

## Slide 46

##  IV. AFB(B  K*l+l) and Other Predictions

## AFB in B  K*llmade easy 

- AFB in B  K*llmade easy

- B - K*

****

****** **– Z interference with MZ brought low !

- ee hadrons

## Quark level Quantum amplitude:

- Quark level *Quantum* amplitude:

- Real by
- convention

- No Reason  *a priori* ** **why  C7, C9, C10  should be Real

**To be Probed BY EXPERIMENT**

##  (FL and) AFB (and AI) favor the “opposite-sign C7 model”

**229M**

**386M**

- Ali, Mannel, Morozumi, PLB273, 505 (1991)

-  (FL and) AFB (and AI) favor the “opposite-sign C7 model”

- Quoted by **Tsybychev at FPCP08**

**Eigen at FPCP08**

**349 fb****-1**

- data: LHCb MC (2 fb)

- a: SM;  b: 4 Gen.

- better

**Instead flipped C****7 ****...**

- BABAR, arXiv:0804.4412

**Preliminary**

- W.-S. Hou, A. Hovhannisyan, and N. Mahajan, PRD 77, 014016 (2008)

**6****57M**

**3****86M**

- Belle

- Deviation from SM3 Strengthened !

- SM3

- SM4

##  D Mixing  (Short-distance Only)

- PDG06

- m**b**’ =

- 230 GeV

- 270

- 310

- From 4 x 4 Unitarity

**x = ********m/******** ~ 1 - 3 plausible**

- w/ Sizable (but not huge)
-      CPV in Mixing  ~ 15%

** ****D Mixing  **(Short-distance Only)

- N.B. SM LD could generate
-         y ~ 1%, x ≈ y
-           [**Falk, Grossman, Ligeti, (Nir,) Petrov]**

## ∵ Large CPV Phase

**Rate**** ****could be ****enhanced ****by up to ****almost two order****s ****!!**

**SM3**

**∵**** ****Large CPV Phase**

##  V. Conclusion 

**~** 1015 Gain

- 1013

- Enough CPV
-  for B.A.U.

- Maybe there is a 4th Generation !

##  V. Conclusion

**~** 1015 Gain

- 1013

- Enough CPV
-  for B.A.U.

## CPV

- BAU

- Earth (EW + KM4)

- Universe (Genesis)

## Backup

## Matter (and More !!) Universe:  No  Antimatter

***Dark***
***Energy:***
***~70%***

***Dark***
***Matter:***
***~25%***

**Antimatter:      0%**

- ~25% !

- ~70% !

##  Heavenly TH

**“****Affleck-Dine”, SUSY etc.:  **
**	****Extra** **Scalars** **(strongly) coupled to *****H****** *****0**** **
** **
**Leptogenesis:**
**	****    **** ****H****eavy ****Majorana ****N****eutrino****s**
**	**** ****⊕ ****LFV/CPV Decay**
**	**** ****⊕ ****B/L Violation (“****EW Baryogenesis”)**

- More Scalars!

- Popular !  Driving **** study for neutrinos.

-  But**,** “Heavenly” — Could be(come) Metaphysics

***Scalars***

-  Let**’s **first find One Scalar.

## i  in Dynamics:  Source of CPV

-                                  Charge  **e**  is  **Real**.
- “We” Understand:   *Gauge*  Charge is Real.

- How CP Violation Appears

**Imagine** a Complex Coupling :
-    True, or, Possible, for Yukawa (湯川) Coupling of
-                 quarks/leptons to Higgs boson(s)...
**Quantum Interference**** **in ***Amplitude******  ***More Interesting

- i  in Dynamics: * *Source of CPV

- (everyone can feel

## iQM

- Particle Process

**Anti**** **** **Particle Process

**CP Violation Primer**

- iQM

- idyn

## A K ~ 0 expected

*********A* *K* ~ 0 expected

-  0.097  0.012

-  0.050  0.025

**** 0.147 **** 0.028   > 5

**Why a**** ****P****uzzle ?**

**Large ****C**** ?**
**Large ****EW****P****enguin**** ****?**** **

**Need ****NP CPV Phase**
** **
***P*****EW **** has practically **
**    ****no weak phase in SM    **

- t, **?**

- Baek, London, PLB653, 249 (2007)

**World**

## A K ~ 0 expected

*********A* *K* ~ 0 expected

-  0.097  0.012

-  0.050  0.025

**** 0.147 **** 0.028   > 5

**Why a**** ****P****uzzle ?**

**Large ****C**** ?**
**Large ****EW****P****enguin**** ****?**** **

- t, **?**

- Baek, London, PLB653, 249 (2007)

**World**

**Need ****NP CPV Phase**
** **
***P*****EW **** has practically **
**    ****no weak phase in SM    **

- t, t’

- 4th Gen. in EWP Natural

- nondecoupling

## On Boxes and Z Penguins

- GIM , charm, ** *K*

- small ****’/****, K  (still waiting)

- heavy top , sin2****

- Z dominance for heavy top

- 1986    2002

- Most Flavor/CPV learned from these diagrams/processes

## On Boxes and Z Penguins

- GIM , charm, ** *K*

- small ****’/****, K  (still waiting)

- heavy top , sin2****

- Z dominance for heavy top

- 1986    2002

- All w/ 3-generations,
- Just wait if there’s a 4th

- D !
**b’**, **t**** ****’** @ LHC

***B******s***

- AFB

- Nondecoupling

**∵ **Large Yukawa !

##  4 x 4 Unitarity ➯ Constraints 

** **4 x 4 Unitarity ➯ Constraints

**We need to deal with mixing matrix in detail to keep ****Unitarity**

**SM3**

- Kaon

- b  s

- Cross Check !

## Constrain s  d from K Physics

**Constrain ****s ******** d**** from ****K Physics**

**Therefore....**

**“****Standard”**

**No SM3 solution**

- (shaded**)**

## vs Vub ~ 0.01 e-i

**Hard to tell apart (****non-trivial****) with present precision**

**∵ ****stringent ****s ******** ****d**

- vs*** V******ub****** ~ ******0.01****** ******e******-i*********

**Disfavored**

##  AFB(B  K*l+l) and Other Predictions

-  **sent to Backup**

## b → s

- b → d “Triangle” and b → s Quadrangle

- b → s

- b → s Quadrangle
- Area ~ (****)30x b → d Triangle

- negligible

- b → d

- (almost Triangle)

## Consistency and b  s Predictions

- Consistency and b  s Predictions

**BR OK                                     A****CP**** ~ 0 far away**

**beyond SuperB**

**PDG ’06**

**SM3**

**SM3**

- Heavy t’ effect
- decoupled
- for b  s****

## Large Yukawa !

- YuReKawa !

- ca. late summer 2007 ...

- The Eureka Moment

- Large t, t’ Yukawa

## 4 generations: 3 indep. phases

**measured**

**emergent**

##  V.  Direct Sighting @ Tevatron vs LHC 

-  the Experimentalist

## Tevatron/LHC Verification

** ****sin****2********B****s**  “Evidence” by 2009 ?
-                  “Observe”  by 2010 ?
-  t’ Search Ongoing:
-       mt’  >  311 GeV  @ 95% CL

- Tevatron

**Agenda of Taiwan-CMS**

**Unequivocal BSM**

**... if true**

**But when ?**

## Sighting

**Find ****b****’****, ****t****’****, or Rule Out @ LHC**

- 4th generation**?**   —   The jury is out ...

- In era of LHC, can Directly Search for b’, t ’
**Once and For All !**

**It’s a Duty.**

**Strategy Considerations ****(        )**
** ****Well shielded training ground**** ****— ****All Tools**
**     ****☞ ****Move on to Greener Pastures ~ in 2 years**
** **
** ****Publish early — Large Cross Section**
**     ****- If “Limits”, then easy to publish**
**     ****- If “Signal”, Lucked Out!**

-  Vision ~ Early ’06

**Well shielded**

**Publish early**

## b’ Signatures

- For mb’ < mt+MW = 255 GeV

- b’  cW dominance
- b’  tW* dominance

- for sizable
- for suppressed

- Kinematic suppressed for mb’ ≲ 230 GeV

- tt(bar)WW → bb(bar)WWWW

- cc(bar)WW; cWbZ; cWbH;
- tc(bar)WW*;
- tt(bar)W*W*; tW*bZ; tW*bH;

**Bonus !!**

**Rich**
**Signature**

- 4 W’s + 2b’s

**Heavy Q related**
**To EWSB ?**

## Slide 78

## Slide 79