BEE-spoke-data/govdocs1-by-extension huggingface dataset:
# Presentation: 506408

## Slide 1

## History

- Founded by Chris Compton at the Paducah, Kentucky Weather Forecast Office in 2001.
- Wanted to find ways to increase spotter participation, retention and reporting during severe weather.
- Uses PHP and MySQL

## History

- Became a Central Region Web Services project in 2002.
- Chris Compton (ITO PAH) and Randy Breeser (DAPM ARX) formed the eSpotter Task Team.
- Goal was to offer eSpotter on a region-wide basis.

## Participation

- 67 Weather Forecast Offices
- Almost 24,000 Registered Spotters
- And growing...

## Overview

- Web-based, browser operated
- Forecast Office Interface (Internal)
- Public Interface
- Support Interface (Internal)

## Overview

- Special Emergency Manager privilege approved by local office.
- Optional chat between office and emergency managers.
- Ability to view incoming reports, and surrounding office reports.
- Conference call notifications.

## Benefits

- Spotters get instant confirmation of report receipt.  No “black hole” feeling, or doubt of receipt.
- Reports are automatically acknowledged through the web interface.
- Also reduces the chance for miscommunication of information.

## Benefits

- Strictly controlled interaction prevents burden on forecast staff during critical weather.
- Public can only submit reports.
- Offices can send messages to spotters for coordination and clarification.

## Benefits

- Greatly expanded capacity for receiving near real-time, categorized information, and at high volumes.
- Phone lines are limited at offices.
- Personnel to handle radios, chat, and phone calls is limited.

## Benefits

- Encourages regular training, and participation in spotting.
- Trained spotters get access, data quality benefits.
- Sense of belonging/ownership.
- Controlled access discourages mischief, and eliminates anonymity.

## No Barriers

- Hundreds of spotters train every year, but a fraction participate.  How many are thinking this:
- “I wouldn’t want to tie up their phones reporting this.”
- “They probably already know this.”
- “It’s old information.”

## “Severe” Report

**Reports**

- “Severe” Report

-  Basic report for testing  concept.
-  Quick and easy.
-  Controlled information.
-  Flexibility for more detail in narrative.

## Winter

**Reports**

-  Same ideas from severe report.
-  A little more detail requested of the spotter.
-  No “required” criteria in any reports because we wanted to see how usage would grow.
-  “Severe” report allows for setting minimum size threshold. (i.e., Can hide 0.25” size per office.)

## DEMO

- Submitting a Report

## Slide 15

## DEMO

- Additional Highlights

## WFO & EM: Surrounding Area Reports

## WFO: Weather Office Field Messaging

## Spotter: Incoming Message Notification

## WFO: Event Logs

## The Future

- Compliance with Security Standards
- Sustainability and Support as Enterprise Service
- Expansion and Increased Flexibility in Reporting
- Updated Technology and Improved Performance

## Questions?
# Presentation: 285226

## PUBLIC POLICY ENVIRONMENT WORKING GROUP

- Contribute to Public Policy Outcome:
- to catalyze, foster, and facilitate a public policy environment that encourages digital preservation through policy recommendations and education.
- Group will provide guidance and assist with several deliverables

## Public Policy Deliverables(WG Deliverables in Red)

- RIGHTS ISSUES
- Report of the Section 108 Study Group
- Report to Congress on Rights Issues (Chapter)
- International Study and Workshop at WIPO on
- 	copyright and digital preservation
- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POLICY INCENTIVES FOR
- 	DIGITAL PRESERVATION
- Report to Congress with recommendations
- Incentives will vary by content type
- Research on analogous policies and laws in US (local, state and federal) other countries
- Brainstorm: start with NDIIPP Partners

## NDIIPP Public Policy Deliverables

**RIGHTS MANAGEMENT: PRACTICES FOR DIGITAL PRESERVATION**
- Report on rights management best practices for content stewards
- Workshop?
** ****PUBLIC EDUCATION**
- Redesigned Digital Preservation.gov
- Digital Preservation DVD
- Presentation at National Book Festival
- Recommendations for Future PR Campaign
**CONGRESSIONAL AWARENESS **
-  Education/Communication (Everyone)
- Briefings, Presentations (Content), Workshops & Brochures for Congressional Members and Staff

## Working Group: Principal Deliverables

**Recommendations to Congress for policy agenda to create incentives**
- Deliverable for 2009 Report: identify and recommend possible incentives to encourage preservation, such as
**Funding:** Scientific, social science data: condition federal funding on requirement to require preserve any resulting data
**Limits on Liability:** relief from liability or from discovery of preserved documents (e.g, documents preserved in a designated, restricted business records archive(s) would be safe from discovery in law suits
**Tax incentives:**  tax breaks for preserving with NDIIPP or otherwise for benefit of nation
**WG will solicit input from you – stay tuned!**

## Working Group Deliverables

**Public Education Plan:  **
- Plan for future (post 2009) Ad Council or other public campaign
- Group to assist in constructing public message about importance of digital preservation
- Slogan/sound bite
- Medium of message

## Working Group Deliverable (Contingent)

- Rights Management Practices
- Investigate digital rights management issues and practices and determine need for NDIIPP work
- Workshop to:
- Address approaches for dealing with complex rights management issues
- Identify trends related to use of DRM and TPMs by right holders and affect on preservation
- Identify available (or not) systems and tools and best (or “not bad”) practices
- Investigate possible policy solutions
# Presentation: 771542

## Solid State Electro-Optic Tunable Fabry-Perot Filters (SSET-FAB)Scientific Solutions, Inc. (SSI)North Chelmsford, MA

**       ****ACCOMPLISHMENTS**
- Filter features millisecond spectral selection, wavelength stability to 1 part in 105, transmissions approaching 80% of polarized light, absolutely no moving parts, power requirements of less than 5 amps at 12V, insensitivity to LEO radiation, and miniaturization to 10mm in diameter.
- Filed patent application #09/775,970 entitled "An Optical Multiplexer and Cross-Switch Using Etched Liquid-Crystal Fabry-Perot Etalons."
- Won a Circle of Excellence Award in 2001 distinguishing LCFP as one of the 25 most innovative products of the year.
**  ****	****	****      ****COMMERCIALIZATION**
- Product is currently being sold, and as of March 2003, related cumulative revenue totaled $210,000.
- An outside investment of $150,000 was realized in 2000 for adaptation of LCFP technology to telecommunications applications.

**S****mall**
**B****usiness**
**I****nnovation**
**R****esearch**

- 1997 Phase II**, **SS5-081, 4/4/03

**GOVERNMENT/SCIENCE APPLICATIONS**
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Optics Branch purchased an ultra-high resolution LCFP from SSI in 1999 for a Laser Velocimetry application.
- Two NSF-funded observatories use SSI LCFPs for scientific research applications: Sonderstrom Observatory in Greenland performs daytime LIDAR measurements; the MIT Haystack Observatory in Massachusetts performs nighttime LIDAR measurements.

**Goddard Space Flight Center**

**                          ****INNOVATION**
- This tunable optical filter utilizes a liquid crystal cell within the resonant cavity of a next-generation, custom-coated Fabry-Perot interferometer, allowing for rapid and precise spectral selection via simple low-voltage electric input.  Compared to other tunable FPIs, these Liquid Crystal Fabry-Perot (LCFP) devices are completely solid state and therefore virtually impervious to mechanical shock and vibration.

- Points of Contact:
- 	NASA – Anthony Martino (301) 286-8309
- 	Scientific Solutions – Michael Dorin (978) 251-4554

***Commercial-Grade Liquid Crystal Fabry-Perot (LCFP) Tunable Filter***
# Presentation: 438699

## Measurement of Near-Surface Soil Heat Storage in Energy Balance Studies

- T.E. Ochsner1
- T.J. Sauer2
- R. Horton3
- 1 USDA-ARS St. Paul, MN
- 2 USDA-ARS Ames, IA
- 3 Iowa State University

## Soil heat storage in the energy balance

- <date/time>

- Gr = heat flux at the reference depth zr
- S = rate of change of heat storage in the soil above the reference depth

- G0 = heat flux at the soil surface

## Is S negligible?

- Neglecting S causes underestimates of the magnitude of G.

- Neglecting S delays peaks in G.

## Why not make zr shallow?

- Potential LE error up to 100 W m-2 (Buchan)
- Obstruction of water and heat transfer

- Plastic disks buried at 2 cm increased water content and temperature gradients 200 to 300%.
- Greater risk of poor thermal contact due to soil drying or freezing

## S depends on C and T

- C = soil volumetric heat capacity
- T = soil temperature
- A diversity of ways to determine C in current practice
- Objective to compare methods
- Estimation by soil sampling (CSS)
- Estimation by Theta Probe (CTP)
- Direct measurement by heat pulse sensors (CHP)

## Slide 6

## Simultaneous C measurements

- When C was determined using all three techniques simultaneously, the results agreed to within 6% on average.

## Temporal variability in C

- Temporal variability of C was best recorded with the heat pulse sensors
- Sampling three times per week was not frequent enough to consistently record the temporal variations in C of the near-surface soil.

## Spatial variability in C

- Both soil sampling and heat pulse sensors are suitable for describing variations of C with depth in the top few centimeters of the soil.

## X

- Calculating S

## Hourly S values

- Hourly S values

## Effects of neglecting dC/dt 

- Large underestimates of S during infiltration
- 246 W m-2 at the bare soil site
- 282 W m-2 at the soybean site
- 90 W m-2 at the corn site
- Small persistent overestimates of S during drying

## Recommendations

-  In long-term surface energy balance studies C determinations should be automated and frequent.
-  Heat pulse sensors or dielectric sensors should be used to perform these frequent, automated C determinations.
-  In short-term studies where frequent site visits are acceptable, determination of C by soil sampling or by use of the Theta Probe should be considered.
-  S should be measured in all surface energy balance studies.
# Presentation: 715500

## How to Amend the National Model Residential Code (IECC) 

- David Weitz
- Executive Director
- Building Code Assistance Project

**2005 National Workshop on State Building Energy Codes  -  June 28, 2005**

## Code Development Process

- Development Committee assigned (18-month term)
- Code change proposals submitted to ICC
- Monograph of proposed changes published
- Code development hearings (live via web!)
- Report of Public Hearing published
- Public comments submitted to ICC
- Public comments published
- Final Action Hearing (only ICC member building officials vote)
- New Code Published

**Notes:**
DW also serves on the 90.1 and IECC committees, so is partly responsible for this mess

## Code Development Timeline

**Notes:**
DW also serves on the 90.1 and IECC committees, so is partly responsible for this mess

## How to Get Involved

- Individual
- join development committee
- submit proposed changes and comments
- testify
- Organization
- submit proposed changes and comments
- Region
- convene group of neighboring states to propose, review, and comment on changes

**Notes:**
DW also serves on the 90.1 and IECC committees, so is partly responsible for this mess

## iccsafe.org/cs/codes/2004-05cycle/index.html
# Presentation: 786417

## Mechanical Systems

- Current Issues of the day for Mechanical Systems and Designers

- Jeffrey G. Ross-Bain, PE, LEED
- Smith Dalia Architects
- Atlanta, GA
- (404) 892-2443
- jross-bain@smithdalia.com

## MEP Systems Make up a Significant Portion of Building Costs

- 35% to 50% of energy use in building
- 1/3 of construction costs
- Directly related to occupant comfort      (read: productivity!)
- Impacts building durability
- With effort, can cut energy costs in half by conscientious design.

## Cut Energy Costs by 50% !?!?!?

- Compared to what? Energy code minimum.
- High performance lighting and high efficiency HVAC equipment can cut costs 15% to 20%
- Put shades on those correctly oriented windows
- Use good glass
- Daylight alone can save 30%
- Use Energy Star equipment
- Reduce plug loads
- Perform thermostat management
- All these things are tried, proven and available
- Haven’t even started on innovative HVAC advances
- Or solar...

## Following Basic Energy Code Requirements leads to “Good” Systems

- Size HVAC system *correctly*
- Apply the correct insulation levels
- Fenestration requirements
- Air sealing
- Equipment efficiencies
- Economizers
- Service water heating
- Workmanship

## Going “Beyond” the Code

- Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems (DOAS)
- Demand Control
- Under Floor Air Distribution    (UFAD)
- Geothermal Systems
- Energy and Heat Recovery
- Variable Speed Drives
- High SEER Ratings
- Commissioning
- Displacement Systems
- Natural Ventilation

## Energy Modeling

- An important tool – should be in every engineer’s toolbox!
- Solid data for economic decisions – eliminates guessing
- Use for energy code compliance
- Use for Building Rating System (LEEDTM) analysis

## Resources

- ASHRAE GreenGuide
- ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide (30% over code)
- US Department of Energy
- Buildingscience.com
- United States Green Building Council (LEEDTM)
# Presentation: 033970

## MARINE ENGINEERING

**MARINE ENGINEERING**
**BRANCH**

## RONALD H. BROWN

**BUILT IN 1996.**
**ONE FOUR AGORS BUILT**
**T. THOMPSON, UNIV. WASHINGTON**
**R. REVELLE, SCRIPPS**
**ATLANTIS, WHOI**

## 2007 MAJOR MAINTENANCE ACTIONS

**DRY DOCKING**
**HULL AND FREEBOARD PRESERVATION**
**AFT DECK NON-SKID RENEWAL**
**COMPLETE BOW THRUSTER OVERHAUL**
**Z DRIVE INSPECTION, SEAL RENEWALS**
**COMPLETE OVERHAUL NO. 5 & 6 SHIP SERVICE GENERATORS**

## 2007 MAJOR MAINTENANCE ACTIONS CONTINUED

**TRACTION WINCH SYSTEM GROOMING AND ****	****REPAIRS**
**RENEWAL OF LOCAL GENERATOR ****	****CONTROLS FOR SHIP SERVICE ****	****GENERATORS NO. 4, 5, & 6.**
**PORT AND STARBOARD HEAVY LIFT CRANE INSPECTIONS AND REPAIRS**
**TOPEND OVERHAUL #3 PROPULSION GENERATOR**

## RHB IN DRYDOCK

## RHB IN DRYDOCK

## RHB IN DRYDOCK, CRANE BOOM REMOVED, AFT DECK PRIMED

## Z DRIVE SEAL RENEWALS

## BOW THRUSTER OVERHAUL

## FY 2008 PLANNED MAJOR MAINTENANCE ACTIONS

-    **MACHINERY AUTOMATION AND ****	****MONITORING SYSTEM UPGRADE **
**   ****RENEWAL OF LOCAL GENERATOR ****	****CONTROLS FOR PROPULSION****	****GENERATORS NO. 1, 2, & 3 **
**   ****AFT DECK LIGHTING UPGRADE **
**   ****HYDRO BOOM OVERHAUL**
**  ****TOP END OVERHAUL NO. 1 & 2 ****	****PROPULSION DIESEL GENERATOR**

## PLANNED LIFE EXTENSION PROJECTS

**RENEWAL OF PORTABLE CRANE(S) (125K EA.), FY 2009**
**UPGRADE OF DPS SYSTEM (330K) FY 2009**
**SWITCHBOARD VOLTAGE REGULATOR UPGRADES**

## UNMET REQUESTS

**REQUESTS??**

## QUESTIONS??

**JAMIE LECOMPTE**
**NOAA PORT ENGINEER**
**PH: 843-566-9191**
**FX: 843-566-9121**
**EMAIL: jamie.a.lecompte@noaa.gov**
# Presentation: 491016

## High Precision RadiometerSPACE INSTRUMENTS, INC. ENCINITAS, CA

**High Precision Radiometer*****SPACE INSTRUMENTS, INC. ******ENCINITAS, CA***

**INNOVATION**
- Dual cavity radiometer with 10 times improvement in sensitivity over similar radiometers
-  **ACCOMPLISHMENTS**
- Radiometer operates in air or vacuum, works at any optical wavelength and is self calibrating
- 100% linearity over entire operating range
- Developed new digital controller for improved precision
- Controller features readout in power, radiance, or irradiance units
**COMMERCIALIZATION**
- SBIR contract has allowed company to develop a new product line of commercial radiometers
- First units are now in fabrication phase
- SBIR contract has allowed company to propose new spaceborne radiometers for solar monitoring and climate change research

**GOVERNMENT/SCIENCE APPLICATIONS**
- Space applications include solar monitoring, remote sensing, and climate research
- Laboratory application as transfer standard from cryogenic radiometers in vacuum chambers to other instruments
- Allows high precision laser power measurements at all wavelengths
- Used for solar irradiance measurements in the TUVIR (Total and Ultraviolet Irradiance Radiometer) instrument

**S****mall**
**B****usiness**
**I****nnovation**
**R****esearch**

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- 1986 Phase 2; SS-18; 1/14/97

***High Precision Radiometer***
# Presentation: 638964

## Slide 1

## Outline

- Theory
- IceTop FX for spe events
- FX for 2-pe events ?
- Iterative procedure
- Examples
- Estimated data volume

## Model Waveform

- Digitizer sample

- Event ID

- Pulse shape

- gain

- baseline

- pedestal

- noise

- integer

- +/- 0.5

- Sample period

- Three parameters for 3 functions

## Raw Waveforms

- 1 = ATWD-0

## Extract spe & pedestal

## Signal subspace

-  Construct orthogonal basis functions from linear combination of (phi, phi’, 1)
-  Project onto these to get coefficients
-  Invert to get g, dt, b
-  Reconstruct event from g, dt, b

## FX applied to spe

- g0

- b0

- dt0

- Determine <spe> and pedestal (p)
- From <spe> construct basis
- Event analysis:
- Subtract pedestal
- Shift pulse to defined time (ipk)
- Use basis to find
- Amplitude of pulse, g
- time slew between samples, dt
- baselne shift, b
- Reconstruct event on surface (see red curves)

- With Pedestal

- Without Pedestal

## Arrival time for SPE events

- dt distribution
- ~ 10% too wide

## What about multiple-pe events?

- In-Ice most events are a few pe at most.
- How to reduce data to essentials
- Figure shows single pe algorithm picks out largest pe – see red curves in figure

## Proposal: keep cutting until there are no trees left

- Starting with largest V sample
- Use FX algorithm to find pe to fit that peak.
- Reconstruct pe
- Subtract pe from original waveform
- Repeat until fitter returns a good fit, or runs out of trees.

- First to go

- Second

## Sample 2-pe event in ATWD-0

- Note the way the baselines get adjusted. The first baseline gets offset to b>0 to try
- and resolve the unfit charge. The second baseline goes negative. The sum nicely
- matches the data.

## Sample 3-pe event in ATWD-0

- This event shows three cleanly separated photo-electrons.

## Sample 3-pe-a

- This event is well described by 3 pes. It is an open question-at this point if that is
- really the right number, but is enough to reconstruct the waveform.

## Sample mpe

- This event uses 6-pes. In fact, I chose to stop the fitter at 6, but in this case that seems ok.
- I suppose there is plenty of room for optimization.

## How much data is needed?

- g – 10 bits   -   amplitude
- tpe – 7 bits  -   location of pe
- dt - 3 bits     -   subsample time shift
- _b -  4 bits     -   baseline shift_
- 		24 bits per photoelectron
- 4 byte time stamp
- _1 status byte                         .   _
- Total = (5 + 3 Npe) bytes

## Gallery

- Number of bytes

- Npe

## Fixed point arithmetic (in progress)

## Summary

- Iterative FX process seems to find pe’s efficiently
- Reconstructed waveforms with 1-6 pe look good.
- Data volume could be as low (5+3 Npe) bytes per event.
- 60-25-5-3-2-6 splits would require an average < 11 bytes per event
- 	(1/2 of this is clock+status)
# Presentation: 525177

## SOS7 -- Crystal Ballor a random walk through Mike's brain

- Mike Merrill
- March 6, 2003

## Architecture Matters

- This is kind of dated but still relevant...
- Now we just put them into racks...
- And they might not be this bad... but they might...

## Questions

- What future holds for supercomputing?
- more of the same unless we can buy or do something different
- not so bad for most but we’ll never solve our toughest problems
- What do we want to see?
- balance, ease, utility, etc...
- This is a license to say just about anything ;-)

## What makes a supercomputer?

- It’s really all about application performance
- Large Scale Balance
- Mission Utility
- Balance of Effort vs. Cost
- Ease of Use
- Bandwidth

**Notes:**
Not TOPS with GUPS... this would be a 1000:1 ratio
Ease of Use - helps separate science from computer science

## Compute Efficiency vs. Human Efficiency

- Ease of use
- usable memory bandwidth
- avoid/hide/manage latency
- the right compiler and OS support
- user’s will do what is easy unless they are like me
- something is always getting used at 100%
- whose time is more important?
- a person can only write so much code before death

## Programming Abstraction

- Ditch the explicit communication
- Ditch the explicit threading/processes in the “language”
- Allow for higher level abstractions
- Make the non-performance critical part (90%) of the code easier to develop
- Allow for more optimizations
- We will never get some of our best scientists to do some optimizations

## Data Structures are Important

- The other 90% of what you learned from the “Art of Computer Programming”
- Sparse Methods are very important
- Most useful real world data structures have some linked or random nature to them
- Future architectures should support these in a more meaningful way than current and near-term architectures do.
- Also need scalable address translation
- unlike vectors TLBs suck worse

## Message Passing vs. Shared Memory

- this is not the issue
- the issue is overhead
- I happen to like the look and feel of a global address space
- My LOC is much less using UPC or CAF
- still don’t like fixed number of threads/contexts

## Leverage Advances in HW Technology

- Not just more of the same ($)
- Use die area in a more effective way
- supporting programming abstraction
- i.e. support for virtualization of resources
- More effective interconnection
- lower overhead
- use die area for more effective protocols

## Gross View of Resources

- Past

- Recent
- Past

- Now
- and
- Near Term

- Capacity and Capability

- Capacity

- Capability

- WS Farm

- High Capacity
- Server

- Large Scale Capability

## Conclusions

- I am still optimistic about the future
- When I’ve stopped complaining... then I’ll go fishing
- “Ease of use is a myth if you want more power”
- “Parallel memory access is the cornerstone of a computing civilization”
# Presentation: 095262

## Airplane Performance

- Daniel R. Bower, Ph.D.
- Airplane Performance Specialist

## Single Engine Climb Performance

- Cessna climb rate information for the accident conditions:
- airplane weight
- outside air temperature
- winds
- altitude
**+ 200 feet per minute (fpm)**

## Airplane Performance Data Available

- No radar, FDR, or CVR data
- Statements from pilot and Air Sunshine station manager
- Point 1
- Engine damage occurs at an altitude of 3,500 feet
- About 20 to 25 nautical miles from Treasure Cay Airport
- Airspeed reduced to 105 knots
- Point 2
- About 15 nautical miles from Treasure Cay Airport
- 2,000 feet altitude
- About 200 fpm descent rate
- Airspeed reduced to 95 knots
- Airplane wreckage was located about 7.35 nautical miles from Treasure Cay Airport

## Accident Site

- 3,500 feet

- Treasure
- Cay

- 360 to
- 429 fpm

- 250 fpm

- 2,000 feet

- 212 to
- 280 fpm

- Average Descent Rates
- Starting 25 nautical miles from
- Treasure Cay Airport

## Factors Contributing to Descent Rate

- Rotating propeller (versus feathered): 400 fpm
- Flaps extended to 15 degrees (versus flaps at 0 degrees): 165 to 145 fpm
- Cowl flap open on inoperative engine (versus closed): 9 fpm
- Exposed magnetos (versus undamaged engine): 4 fpm
- All of these factors combined would have contributed between 558 and 578 feet per minute to the descent rate.

## Other operational factors:  
Operating in nonsteady descent
Operating at bank angle other than 5 degrees toward operative engine
Operating at sideslip angle other than 1⁄2-ball slip on the turn and bank indicator

- Operating in nonsteady descent
- Operating at bank angle other than 5 degrees toward operative engine
- Operating at sideslip angle other than 1⁄2-ball slip on the turn and bank indicator

**Factors Contributing to Descent Rate**

## Airplane Performance Conclusions

- Average descent rate of about 250 fpm would have resulted in airplane reaching Treasure Cay.
- Average descent rate of accident airplane below 2,000 feet was between 360 and 429 fpm.
- Maximum flight performance was not maintained because of operational factors.

## Airplane Performance

- Daniel R. Bower, Ph.D.
- Airplane Performance Specialist
# Presentation: 829986

## Bandelier National Monument

**Bandelier National Monument**

**Wildlife at**

**Notes:**
Bandelier National Monument is located in north central New Mexico near the town of Los Alamos.

## Slide 2

**Notes:**
Bandelier National Monument is best known for the homes of the Ancestral Pueblo people who lived here.

## Slide 3

**Notes:**
The Ancestral Pueblo people left behind many dwellings and

## Slide 4

**Notes:**
Petroglyphs (carved drawing in the rock wall) of animals (dog in upper left, turkey lower middle) and geometric designs (spiral upper right).

## Slide 5

**Notes:**
When people come here they usually want to see these archeological sites and climb ladders.

## Bandelier is home to a great variety of wildlife.

**Notes:**
They often aren’t looking for wildlife although many different types of animals make their homes here.

## Slide 7

**Notes:**
Some are very common such as the American Robin.

## Slide 8

**Notes:**
American Robins live in Bandelier NM all year long and raise their offspring here.

## Wild About Bandelier

**Notes:**
The more you learn about the diversity of interesting animals that live in the park the more likely it is you will become wild about the place and its inhabitants.
# Presentation: 723154

## Global IOOS Milestone:  New Platforms in Service

-      FY2006 Target: 761 new ocean observing platforms deployed and reporting;
-      May 2006: 472 total ocean observing platforms (target 508); 426 ARGO floats

- May. 06

- G

## GPRA:  Reduce the Error in Global Measurement of Sea Surface Temperature

**Reduce the error in global measurement of Sea **

**surface Temperature**

-      FY06 target: 0.5 °C;     Long-term Target: Error of 0.2 °C by 2009.

- More rapid expansion of the in situ network over the next several years will minimize the satellite bias error, enabling more accurate global sea surface temperature from a combination of satellite and in situ measurements.

- _Satellite bias error_: the systematic difference between satellite-derived vs. *in situ *actual measurement of sea surface temperature

- Dec. 05

- G
# Presentation: 918247

## Development/Compliance Issues (Tablets)

**“****It is important to design quality into the process”**
**1965 - PMA spokesperson and T. Byers, FDA**

- Hank Avallone
- Executive Director, Regulatory Compliance
- Pharmaceutical Sourcing Group Americas

## Development/Compliance Issues

**Environmental/Operator Exposure**
**Manufacturing Technology**
**Raw Materials - APIs/Excipients**
**Equipment - Closed/Cleanable**
**Operating Costs**
**Minimal Steps**
**Cycle Time**

## Development/Compliance Issues

**Improvements using Analytical Technology (PAT)**
**Exposure of Flaws**
**Compliance**
**Nonconformances/Documentation Review**
**Dose Uniformity**
**Dissolution**
**Impurities**

## Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)

**Physical Form API**
**Prior to Milling - Major Validation Criteria**
**[variability in the crystallization / manufacturing process can result in variability in the physical form and/or impurities of the API]**
**Dosage Form Formulation/API Developer Communication**

## Excipients

**Minimum number in formulation**
**Excipient Blend Uniformity**
**	****(dissolution variability)**
**Physical Form**
**tight specifications**
**multiple source / one grade**

## Equipment

**Screen, Blend, Compress**
**Cleanable / Closed Systems**
**Bin vs. Fluid Bed**
**WIP Tablet Press**

## PAT

**Identification of flaws in the process if the process is not properly developed**

## Compliance

**Direct Compression Process**
**less steps, less variables, less opportunities for nonconformances**
**more complex process, more controls, more software, more information, longer review, longer cycle time, more WIP/Rejections**
# Presentation: 178690

## Data Optimization for Reflectometer Simulation 

- Marc Osherson
- Science Education Summer Intern
- 9/1/2005

**Notes:**
Title Page

## FWR

- A 2D simulation of a full wave reflectometer for which Eliot Feibush has been developing a GUI.
- Client-server architecture.
- GUI can run on a user’s laptop.
- Input and Output netCDF files are on the PPPL cluster.
- Files had to be transferred to the laptop, and processed there.

**Notes:**
What is FWR

## Multi – Tier Software Architecture

_**User’s PC, Mac, Linux**_

- Java Client GUI

- Java Servlet

- FWR Simulation

- TRANSP
-    genxpl
-    trxpl

- netCDF  Files

_**MDSplus Server**_
- TRANSP  Runs

- Correlation
- Graphs

**FWR  Input**

**FWR Solution**

- netCDFcon

## Problem

- Input and output files became prohibitively large for laptops, e.g. 100MB output files.
- The files would take too long to transfer and process.
- The Java heap memory was too small and could not handle such files.

**Notes:**
What was done and Why

## Approach

- Server side post-processing of input and output files.
- Reduce simulation data to just the displayable image data.
- Arrays of doubles converted to byte data.
- Provide a means for recovering the actual data values.

## netCDFcon (C program)	

- Converts the plasma input file into efficient image data.
- Computes the three cutoff images and scales them into image data.
- Converts the full wave solution file to image data.
- Runs on the PPPL compute server, much faster than running Java on a laptop.
- Roughly 100:1 speed up.
- Converts a 100MB solution file to 1MB.
- Significantly reduces file transfer time.
- Convert once, display many times.

## netCDFcon	

- Linux command line program.
- Command line arguments:
- Input file
- Output file
- Type of processing
- List of variables, e.g. ne te bb
- Run by the servlet in a script file.

## FWR Screenshots

**Notes:**
Input is 500 x 800.
Original input file is 22 MB, no cutoff image.
Processed to 2 MB with cutoff images.

## Reflectometer Simulation

**Notes:**
Note the size. (very high resolution).
600 x 2000 pixels
Original was 100 MB
Processed to 1 MB

## FWR Demo

**Notes:**
FWR Demo

## FWR Demo

- Questions ?

**Notes:**
FWR Demo

## Thank you

- To the entire science education staff for making this possible.
- To Eliot Feibush for all the help he’s given me.
- To PPPL for this opportunity.
# Presentation: 014918

## Lunar Surface Charging: Observations from Lunar Prospector

## Lunar Surface Charging And Electric Fields

- +

- +

- +

- +

- +

- +

- +

- +

- +

- _

- _

- _

- _

- _

- _

- _

- _

- _

- _

- _

- _

- _

- _

- Solar Illumination

- Electron Driven
- Negative Charging

- Photon Driven
- Positive Charging

- Terminator Region

- Plasma
- Electrons

- Wake
- Boundary

- Sheath
- Boundary

- Horizontal and/or
- Vertical Dust Transport

- Secondary
- Electrons

- +

- +

- Photoelectrons

- Positive photon charging on day side
- Negative electron charging on night side
- Implications for dust charging and transport, especially near terminator

## LP Electron Reflectometer

- The Electron Reflectometer is a top-hat electrostatic analyzer that measures the 3-d electron distribution from ~10 eV to 20 keV
- Magnetic and electric fields reflect electrons adiabatically – with reflection depending on initial pitch angle
- Measurements of angular distributions therefore give information on both electric and magnetic fields below the spacecraft

## Electron Trajectory

- Converging
- Magnetic Fields

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- Negative Surface
- Charge Layer

- Downward
- Electric Field

## Typical Night Side Observation

- Energy-dependent loss cone from ~100-1000 eV implies electric fields
- Beam of upward-going secondary electrons at ~50 eV implies electric fields

## Energy-Dependent Loss Cone

- Fitting loss cone gives potential drop of ~48 V
- Consistent with energy of beam of accelerated secondary electrons from the surface.

## Electric Field Scale Height

- A critical parameter is the scale height – or sheath thickness
- If the sheath thickness is comparable to the electron gyroradius, we can use this to estimate the sheath thickness by comparing measurements for different magnetic field tip angles with respect to the surface normal
- We find a night side sheath thickness of ~1 km

## Quasi-Adiabatic Prediction for Maximum 

- Electron Orbit

- Quasi-Adiabatic Prediction for Maximum
- Gyro-Averaged Potential Seen by Electron:

- Minimum Gyro-Center
- Altitude:

- Lunar Potential
- Altitude Variation:

- Magnetic Field: B

- Tip-Angle: θ

- Electron Gyro-Radius: ρ

## Predictions vs. Data

## Extreme Environments

- In the plasmasheet electron temperatures are much higher
- Here we find evidence for negative surface potentials as large as ~ -2 kV

## Implications for Dust Transport

- Courtesy of Tim Stubbs
# Presentation: 691999

## Pendergraph Development, LLCHUD MAP Tune-Up II Workshop

- September 19-20, 2007

## Slide 2

## Frankie W. Pendergraph
28+ Years in the Housing Industry
Owner of The Pendergraph Companies
Development, Construction, Management and Consulting 
Headquartered in Raleigh

- 28+ Years in the Housing Industry
- Owner of The Pendergraph Companies
- Development, Construction, Management and Consulting
- Headquartered in Raleigh

## Benefits of HUD 221(d)(4)

- Construction-to-Permanent Financing
- Great Interest Rate
- Up to 40 year amortization
- 1.11 debt service coverage ratio
- Non-recourse debt
- Credit enhancement for bond transactions

## Potential Pitfalls of HUD 221(d)(4)

- Entails a higher level of knowledge and experience
- Can be more time consuming – may need to have HUD commitment in hand prior to submission of tax credit application
- Number lumping – good versus bad costs differ for each program
- Interest Expense – automatic conversion
- 2530 (non) issue
- Government Regulations – may be less flexible if unexpected issues arise

## Tax Credits and 221(d)(4) 

- Brief explanation of tax credits
- 221(d)(4) is consistent with Housing Credit Agency and Investor desires: (i) long term loan, (ii) favorable interest rate, and (iii) non-recourse.
- Subordinate debt is allowed with HUD consent – usually must be soft debt.  This is likely not an issue in the tax credit arena where subordinate debt is often very soft anyway.

## Tax Exempt Bonds and 221(d)(4)

- Brief explanation of Tax Exempt Bonds
- Very complex, many players, lots of moving parts
- Costly – usually need $10 Million in bond debt to justify bond issuance costs – around 5-7% of bonds issued
- Credit Enhancement – Types: HUD, Fannie Mae, RD 538 and Letter of Credit
- Public Offering versus Private Placement

## USDA Rural Development and 221(d)(4)

- Brief explanation of RD programs
- Not often utilized with HUD Financing – because RD itself is a funding source.  Sometimes HUD RA is used with RD Financing
- Why use HUD and RD together?  If the transaction also utilizes bonds, credit enhancement is needed.

## HUD & RD: Potential Issues

- Multiple Government Agencies, many regulations
- Subordination Rules and Requirements
- Reserve Accounts – supervision
- Amount of Rehabilitation – varies
- Surplus Cash vs RD Return to Owner vs Cash Flow
- Good versus Bad Costs (pots of money for HUD, RD, Bonds, Tax Credits – a multidimensional puzzle) ... but doable.

## Other Issues

- Every State is different
- Each State has its own Housing Credit Agency
- Each State has its own Qualified Allocation Plan addressing tax credits and tax exempt bonds
- Each RD office operates a little differently
- Each HUD office operates a little differently
- Early and open communication is essential!

## Thank You.

- For Questions or Consulting Services contact:
- Frankie W. Pendergraph
- The Pendergraph Companies, LLC
- 3924 Browning Place
- Raleigh, NC 27609
- (919) 755-0558
# Presentation: 662804

## <footer>

- <date/time>

## Session 38

***Direct Loan Origination Online***

- Session 38 -

## General Information

- Designed so schools, CAMs and CSRs can view data in the same format
- Schools participated in the design of the site and 53 participated in the pilot
- Implemented April 2000

- Session 38 -

## Enhancements since Implementation

- Ability to change demographic information
- A single sign-on for accessing Direct Loan Origination and Servicing data
- Ability to view Entrance Counseling results for students online

- Session 38 -

## Future Enhancements

- Session 38 -

## Data Changes over the Web

- Loan Origination Records
- Change data for all program years
- The LOC will not send an acknowledgement back to schools
- Disbursement Records
- Restricted access

- Session 38 -

## Data Changes over the Web

- Knowing what has been changed:
- Capability to query for changes and save them from the web site
- Access to online historical view of data changes

- Session 38 -

## Web Enhancements

- Dependency status
- Will be on the loan detail page instead of the person detail page
- E-mail addresses
- Will display e-mail address passed to the LOC
- 1st Disbursement
- Will include the flag that indicates the first disbursement on the disbursement detail page

- Session 38 -

## Web Enhancements

- MPN on file
- Will display there is an MPN on file and also includes the expiration date
- Reports
- Schools will be able to indicate over the web if they no longer want a specific report
- A “Help File” will be available on the web site for common batch processing errors

- Session 38 -

## Questions

- If you have technical questions, please send them to:
- 		 	los-lowebapp@eds.com
- Use a subject line of “LO-Online Question”
- Please include your name, organization, and a phone number

- Session 38 -

## Loan Origination Contacts

- E-Mail Address:
-  loan_origination@mail.eds.com
- School Relations at the LOC:
- 1-800-848-0978
- School Relations Fax:
- 1-800-557-7396
- School Relations at the Servicing Center:
- 1-888-877-7658

- Session 38 -
# Presentation: 024846

## Mark P. Saunders

**Mark P. Saunders**
- Director
**James Ortiz**
- Deputy Director
**Michelle Calloway**
- Associate Director**

- L. Renee Williams, Resource Analyst
- Kimberly J. Middleton, Administrative Officer
*Herbione C. Smith, Secretary (Valador) *
*C. Diann Dicesare, IT Support (ODIN)*
*Donna A. Gilchrist, Scheduling (Swales)*

_**Business Management Group**_

_**Evaluation & Assessment Group (EAG)**_

**EAG Lead**** (Acting)**
**   **Timothy J. Flores** **
**Principle Review Managers**
-     Dianne L. Cheek
-     Robert T. Frazier
-     Charles B. Taylor (Chuck)
**Assistant EAG Manager**
-     Tahani R. Amer
**Review Managers**
-     Kaiser Adeni (ARC)
-     Cynthia L. Bruno
-     Simon S. Chung
-     Pamela A. Davis (D)
-     Robert A. Kudlinski (D)
-     G. Lee Norbraten (JSC)
-     D. Arthur Sparrow
-     Chester Sasaki (Chet), JPL
-     Joanne M. Terek (Jody), (MSFC)
**Lead Schedule Analyst**
-    Anita M. Thomas

_**Cost Analysis Group (CAG)**_

**Cost Lead ****(Acting)**
-     Richard M. Greathouse (Rich)
**Analysts**
-     Christopher C. Chromik (Chris)
-     Hamilton Fernandez
-     *Nopachai Iamsakuldacha (James), (SAIC)*
-     William Jarvis (Will), (HQ)
-     Ronald K. Larson (Ron), (HQ)
-     Barbara A. Stone-Towns (D)

- (D) – Detail
- ** Serves as Agency PMC Executive Secretary
*Italics denotes contractor staff*
# Presentation: 783436

## Brief Case Study:

**Brief Case Study:**
**How Ex-Im Financing Helps PowerLight to Export **

**April 14, 2005**
**Ex-Im 2005 Annual Conference**

## PowerLight is a Worldwide Leader in Commercial-Scale 

-  PV systems manufacturer
- Turnkey solutions provider
-  Founded 1991
-  High growth
-  140% average growth per year since 1997
-  INC 500 listed for the past five years.
-  Solid technology base ~ 80 US and international patents
-  Profitable

**PowerLight is a Worldwide Leader in Commercial-Scale **
**Grid-tied PV Systems**

**PowerLight Corporation**

## Customers

**PowerLight Corporation**

## Fala Direct Marketing - Farmingdale, NY		     1 MW

**Fala Direct Marketing - Farmingdale, NY****	****	****     1 MW**

## US Navy’s 1 MW Power Shade

**US Navy’s 1 MW Power Shade**
***World’s Largest PV Carport***

## Ex-Im Assistance – The (Simplified) Story

- 	@ ~$0.50/kWh for 20 years

**Ex-Im Assistance – The (Simplified) Story**

**PowerLight Corporation**

-  **PL CEO:** Why not build the largest PV system in the world there?

**PL CFO:** Investors want a 10% Letter of Credit & we don’t have the ability to deliver that given our current balance sheet...let’s talk with our bank about this...

## The (Simplified) Story, continued

**The (Simplified) Story, continued**

**PowerLight Corporation**

-  **PL European Deal Team:** We can get the 25% from our investors

-  **PL CEO:** Let’s do it!

## Bavaria Solar I 

***3 sites, 10 MW***

**Bavaria Solar I**

- 6.269 MW
- 1.890 MW
- 1.925 MW

***PowerLight Role: EPMC + O&M***
***Contract: 6/04***
***Completed Project: 12/04***

## PowerTrackerTM

- One controller, motor, and drive per 10 to 20 rows
- Patented, Proven.  Cost-effective.
- Highly Corrosion-resistant design.  Minimal moving parts
- 18% to 35% energy gain

**PowerTrackerTM**
**Panels that follow the Sun**

## PowerTrackerTM Building Block

**PowerTrackerTM Building Block**

***Tracking Applications***

**Bavaria Solarpark, Minihof Site****	****	****           1.9 MW**

**Bavaria Solarpark, Minihof Site****	****	****           1.9 MW**

## Bavaria Solarpark, Güenching Site		           1.9 MW

## Bavaria Solarpark, Güenching Site		           1.9 MW

**Bavaria Solarpark, Muelhausen****	****	****	**** 6.3 MW**

## Next Steps: Leverage Ex-Im to Maximize Market Expansion

**Next Steps: Leverage Ex-Im to Maximize Market Expansion**

**PowerLight Corporation**

**Combine working capital line with Ex-Im project finance offerings**
** **Power project loans/guarantees
-  Medium/long term finance products

**Iterate with Ex-Im staff on PV Industry export needs**

## Gregory Rosen

***Gregory Rosen***
- _[grosen@powerlight.com](mailto:grosen@powerlight.com)_
***510-868-1233***
# Presentation: 396660

## eSubmission Pop Quiz

- Key Training Lab Points

## 
 Organizations 
 NOT PIs

** ****Organizations **
** ****NOT PIs**

- Who Registers in Grants.gov?

## Organizations, Signing Officials (SOs)

Principal Investigators
  (PIs)

**Principal Investigators**
**  ****(PIs)**

- One-time registration

- PD/PI works through organization to register

- Who Registers in the eRA Commons?

## Can you have the PI role and SO role on the same Commons account?

- NO

- The PI and SO can be the same *person *(seen most with small business) but they must have *two separate accounts*.

## Where can you find opportunities and download the application package?

**The NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts**
**&**
**Grants.gov Find/Apply**

## If instructions in the application guide and FOA conflict, which one wins?

**	****Instructions in the FOA trump the application guide.**

## Which field is mandatory for NIH but not marked mandatory on the SF424 (R&R) standard forms?

**The PD/PI Credential field of the R&R Senior/Key Person Profile form.**

## What kind of attachments will NIH accept?

**All non-PureEdge attachments must be in PDF format.**

## Does the “Check package for errors” button in PureEdge check NIH validations?

**NO! Only Grants.gov form errors are detected.**
- There is no way to pre-check your application against NIH validations. Start early and allow time for corrections.

## Who submits applications to Grants.gov?

**Only the AOR has the authority to submit applications to Grants.gov.**

## What qualifies as on-time submission?

**All registrations must be complete.**
**Initial submission must have a Grants.gov timestamp *****on or before 5:00 p.m. local time on the receipt date.***

## How long is NIH allowing for the correction of errors/warnings after the submission deadline if the initial application is submitted on-time?*

**5 business days**
- *This is a temporary correction window.

- Correcting Errors/Warnings

## What is the difference between errors and warnings?

**Errors stop the submission process and *****must***** be corrected.**
**Warnings do not stop submission and are corrected at the discretion of the applicant.**

## How do you submit a changed/corrected application?

- On the SF424 (R&R) cover component change box #1, *Type of Submission*, to *Changed/Corrected* Application.
- Correct errors and/or warnings. Update or include cover letter if after receipt date.
- Submit entire changed/corrected application to Grants.gov.   More information at:
- 	_[http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/avoiding_errors.htm](http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/avoiding_errors.htm)__ _

## Who should check the assembled application?

***Both***** the AOR/SO and the PI.**

## How long do you have to check the application image before it automatically moves on to Receipt & Referral?

**2 weekdays (holidays count!)**

- Check Your Assembled Application

## Who can reject an application?

**Only an SO has the ability to reject the application in eRA Commons.**

## Thank You!
# Presentation: 512730

## Global Warming Fact or Fiction

- Martin W. Ledwitz
- NEMS/AEO Conference
- March 27, 2001

## Edison International Policy

- Strive to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
- Endorse market driven approach to emission reductions
- Establish an emission banking system
- Support research on safe level of GHG concentrations
- Encourage voluntary reduction approach
- Continued research to reduce costs and environmental impacts of electricity generation

## EIX Policy Implementation

- Supply side energy and resource efficiency
- End use efficiency
- Electro-technologies, including electric transportation
- Economically based approaches
- Renewable energy supply

## Southern California Edison

- 1980 – Development of alternate and renewable energy resources
- 1991 – “No Regrets Policy”
- 1995 climate accord with DOE for voluntary reductions of GHG
- Current:  Voluntary reduction of SF6 from circuit breakers
- E7 – Member since 1993,: sustainable energy development

## A Personal Look

- Climate
- Is the Earth Warming?  Melting ice caps, Rising oceans, Change of agricultural regions?
- Is the Earth Cooling?  Next Ice Age?
- Has climate varied over time?
- Has mankind been impacted before?
- Do we have a problem?

## A Personal Look (2)

- What may cause Global Warming and what can we do about it?
- Cause: Increase in cows leads to increased methane emissions.  Answer:  Eat a cow, save the world.
- Cause: Increase in combustion based vehicles leads to increased CO2 emissions.  Answer:  Use electric or fuel cell vehicles.

## A Personal Look (3)

- Cause:  Uncontrolled coal and oil fired electric generation.
- Answer: Use emission controlled natural gas fired, or renewable resource generation like California does today.
- Cause:  Too many people.
- Answer: Population control as a worldwide policy.