# Presentation: 111083

## NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)

**Status Update**
**August 31, 1999**

## NPP History

**Since Dec 95, IPO and NASA have been studying advanced sounder approaches**
- Decision Aug 98 to have NASA develop Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), IPO to develop Cross-track IR Sounder (CrIS)
**Since Dec 97, IPO and NASA have been studying impacts of incorporating a subset of the MODIS follow-on requirements into the NPOESS Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)**
- Mission with VIIRS proposed at Easton, MD workshop Aug 98
**In light of on-going imager and sounder discussions, the IPO approached NASA with the concept of a joint flight program for both sounders and imager**
**Agreement between HQ NASA and IPO to study feasibility**
- GSFC leading concept study with IPO participation

## NPPMission Objectives

**Provide NASA with continuation of global change parameters after Terra and EOS PM**
- atmospheric temperature and humidity sounding, sea surface temperature, land and ocean biological productivity, and cloud and aerosol properties
**Provide NPOESS with pseudo-operational risk-reduction demonstration and validation for 3 of the 4 critical NPOESS instruments and algorithms**
- VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS

**Joint NASA/IPO flight of critical imager and sounding systems**

## NPP Preliminary Mission Concept

_**Accommodate Instruments:**_
- Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)
- Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)
- Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS)
_**Launch:**_**  12 / 2005**
_**Duration:**_**  5 years (consumables for 7.5 years, instruments designed for 7 year on-orbit life with 7 year shelf life)**
_**Orbit:**_**  833 +/- 17 km polar sun-synchronous, 10:30 a.m. +/- 10 minute nodal crossing time, descending**
_**Ground Track Repeat:**_**  +/- 20 km, repeat cycle less than 20 days**
_**Stored Mission Data Return**_**:  Direct-to-ground to polar ground stations**
_**Performance**_**:  Environmental Data Record (EDR) delivery within 3 hours of acquisition (goal)**
_**Direct Broadcast:**_**  Real-time X-band direct broadcast of all instrument data **
_**Pixel Geo-location Knowledge:**_**  200m, 3 sigma, at nadir (post-processed)**
_**Calibration Maneuver:**_**  Attitude slew for deep space and lunar views by VIIRS**
_**Primary Telemetry and Command:**_**  unified S-band via NOAA Command and Data Acquisition (CDA) sites**
_**Backup Telemetry and Command:**_**  unified S-band via NOAA CDA, selected AFSCN, and/or TDRSS**
_**Science Processing**_**:   Provide science products to the global change community (GCC)**
_**Autonomy:**_**  Ground contact once per day, goal of once per week; independent safe mode controller**
_**End-of-Life Disposal:**_**  Via propulsion maneuver (TBR)**

## NPP Preliminary Mission Concept 

**User Community**

**Cmnd, Cntrl, Comm Segment**

***Manage Satellite Operations***
***  ******- Plan mission events***
***  ******- Build command sequence***
***  ******- Perform Eng and Analysis***
***  ******- Analyze health and safety***
***  ******- Analyze flight dynamics***
***  ******- Maintain satellite database***
***  ******- Prepare & send satellite cmds***
***  ******- Simulate satellite***
***  ******- Maintain fligth software***
***Route mission data***

**I/F Data Processing Segment**

***Schedule & manage resources***
***Ingest raw SMD telemetry***
***Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs***
***Validate data records***
***Perform operations calibration proc***
***Provide data records to ADS & SDS***

**Archive & Dist Segment**

***Ingest & validate data records***
***Manage archive***
***Interface with users***
***Generate user products***
***Track user orders***
***Generate accounting reports***

**Science Data Segment**

***Schedule & manage resources***
***Ingest and validate RDRs***
***Process RDRs to Level 1B***
***Generate science data products***
***Perform science calibration proc***
***Provide science products to ADS***

**Launch Support Segment**

***Launch vehicle***
***Launch support equipment***
***Real property installation equip***
***Launch facilities***

- Raw  SMD Telemetry

- RDRs, SDRs, EDRs

- RDRs

- Science Products

***Manage Mission***

**Space Segment**

***Spacecraft***
***  ******- Control satellite***
***  ******- Support data collection***
***  ******- Provide NB communication***
***  ******- Provide WB communication***
***  ******- Thermal and electrical power***
***  ******- Provide failsafe protection***
***Provide test support***
***VIIRS***
***CrIS***
***ATMS***
***IOO (TBR)***

***VIIRS***
***CrIS***

**NASA Funding**

**IPO Funding**

**-TBD Funding**

***IOO (TBR)***

## Satellite Transition Schedule

## NPP Contributions to 24 NASA Measurements

**Primary source for 11 of 24 measurements**
**Secondary source for 2 of 24 measurements**
**VIIRS contributes to:**
- 4 (3 Primary)		Atmosphere Measurements
- 6 (4 Primary)		Land/Cryosphere Measurements
- 3 (2 Primary)		Ocean/Cryosphere Measurements
**CrIS/ATMS contributes to:**
- 4 (2 Primary)		Atmosphere Measurements
- 1 			Ocean/Cryosphere Measurements

## NPP Contributions to NPOESS

**Sensor Risk Reduction**
- Early delivery, sensor-level tests, and system-level integration & test
- Provides lessons learned and allows for any required modifications in time to support C1 launch readiness
**Ground System Risk Reduction**
- Early delivery and pseudo-operational test of NPOESS ground system architecture and components
**Early user evaluation of NPOESS data products**
- Provides algorithm/sensor verification and opportunities for sensor calibration / validation
- VIIRS makes primary contributions to 26 of 61 EDRs
- CrIS/ATMS makes primary contributions to 3 of 61 EDRs
- Allows for algorithm modifications prior to C1 launch
- Provides opportunities for pseudo operational utilization/ demonstration of NPOESS imager and sounder data products

## NPOESS Instruments and Algorithms Validated through NPP

***NPOESS Instruments and Algorithms Validated through NPP***

- NPOESS Instruments

- 0530

- 1330

- 0930 (METOP)

- Visible/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)*  	X	X	X
- Cross-track IR Sounder  (CrIS)*			X	X (IASI)
- Conical MW Imager/Sounder  (CMIS)*		X	X	X
- Ozone Mapper/Profiler Suite (OMPS)			X	X (GOME)
- GPS Occultation Sensor (GPSOS)		X	X	X (GRAS)
- Space Environmental Suite  (SES)		X	X	X
- Advanced Technology MW Sounder (ATMS)*		X	X (AMSU/MHS)
- Data Collection System  (DCS)		X	X	X
- Search and Rescue  (SARSAT)		X		X
- Earth Radiation Budget Sensor  (CERES)		X
- Solar Irradiance Sensor  (TSIS)		X
- Radar altimeter  (ALT)			X

- * Critical payload - Failure constitutes need to replace satellite

## Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)

_**Purpose:**_**  Global observations of land, ocean, and atmosphere parameters at high temporal resolution (~ daily)**
_**Observations:**_**  Incorporates subset of MODIS follow-on requirements**
_**Status:**_**  IPO procurement, Phase B (ITT and Raytheon) with Phase C/D down-select in mid-2000**
_**NPP Delivery:**_**  Assumed July 1, 2004.**
_**Approach:**_**  Multispectral (visible through long-wave thermal ) scanning radiometer**
_**Swath width:**_**  3000 km**

_**NPP Weight Allocation:**_**  132 kg**
_**NPP Power Allocation:**_**  240 W orbital average **
_**NPP Data Rate Allocation:**_**  8 Mbps orbital average, 10.5 Mbps peak (compressed) (CCSDS packetized)**
_**NPP Volume Allocation:**_**  65 x 129 x 138 cm (nadir x velocity x anti-solar)**
_**NPP Contingency:**_**  Included in aggregate contingency**
_**Interface:**_**  Assumed one mechanical, one C&DH interface**
_**Predecessor Instruments:**_**  AVHRR, OLS, MODIS, Seawifs**

- Notes:  Above allocations are envelopes.  Resource allocations used in Feasibility Study will be updated based upon technical characteristics of down-selected instrument.

## Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)

_**Purpose:**_**  In conjunction with ATMS, global observations of temperature and moisture profiles at high temporal resolution (~ daily).**
_**Status:**_**  IPO procurement, Phase B (ITT and Raytheon) with Phase C/D down-select in mid-1999.**
_**NPP Delivery**_**:  Assumed July 1, 2004.**
_**Approach:**_**  Interferometer sounder covering 3.5 to 16 um**
_**Swath width:**_**  2300 km**
_**Co-registration:**_**  with ATMS**

_**NPP Weight Allocation:**_**  81 kg**
_**NPP Power Allocation:**_**  91 W orbital average **
_**NPP Data Rate Allocation:**_**  1.5 Mbps orbital average, 1.5 Mbps peak (compressed) (CCSDS packetized)**
_**NPP Volume Allocation:**_**  40 x 61 x 40 (nadir x velocity x anti-solar) **
_**NPP Contingency:**_**  Included in allocation**
_**Predecessor Instruments:**_**  HIRS, AIRS, IASI**

- Notes:  Above allocations are envelopes.  Resource allocations used in Feasibility Study will be updated based upon technical characteristics of down-selected instrument.

## Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS)

_**Purpose:**_**  In conjunction with CrIS, global observations of temperature and moisture profiles at high temporal resolution (~ daily).**
_**Status:**_**  Phase A, NASA/GSFC procurement, Phase B award 1999**
_**NPP Delivery:**_**  Assumed June 1, 2004**
_**Approach:**_**  Scanning passive microwave radiometer**
_**Swath width:**_**  2300 km**
_**Co-registration:**_**  with CrIS**

_**NPP Weight Allocation:**_**  66 kg**
_**NPP Power Allocation:**_**  85 W orbital average **
_**NPP Data Rate Allocation:**_**  0.05 Mbps orbital average, 0.05 Mbps peak (CCSDS packetized)**
_**NPP Volume Allocation:**_**  60 x 70 x 40 (nadir x velocity x anti-solar) **
_**NPP Contingency:**_**  Included in allocation**
_**Predecessor Instruments:**_**  AMSU A1 / A2, MHS**

- Notes:  Above allocations are envelopes.  Mass, power, and volume are based on ATMS Feasibility Study baseline configuration.

**Notes:**
Chart 1

ATMS requirements and technical overview for each option.  Status of agreements with regard to the requirements (i.e., IPO and NASA).

Chart 2

Cost estimate basis and result for each option with the following information:

Development + first unit total cost in $FY99 (broken into Phase A/B (so-called Formulation) and Phase C/D (so-called Implementation)), and RY run-out and profile (for the same break-out)).  The break-out is because HQ increasingly is desiring to show Implementation-phase $ as the cost of missions.

Procurement and development key milestones.

Chart 3 (back-up)

Comparitive analysis of current ATMS requirements and cost versus the final IMAS work (i.e., Vicki’s report).  This is essential because those are the last numbers HQ officially was given, and we need to have the basis for any differences.

## Advanced Technology

- _User Interest_

- _Technology_

- _Result_

**Rapid delivery of data to users**

**Optical communication LEO-LEO or LEO-GEO (geostationary receiver, potentially commercial, followed by direct broadcast to large user area, e.g., 1⁄2 CONUS), or LEO-LEO commercial RF communications network.**

**Near real-time direct broadcast of instrument data to science and operational users to small (18”) **_**fixed **_**dish antennas (similar to direct-to-home TV/Internet), or direct via Internet.**

**Smaller and integrated microwave sounder for reduced spacecraft impact / cost**

**Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMIC)**

**An ATMS which is smaller, lighter, and lower power than combination of predecessors**

**Delivery of processed products to users**

**Spacecraft on-board processing using reconfigurable computing based on RAM-Field Programmable Gate Arrays**

**Near real-time generation of Level-1b or potentially higher data products, ready for direct broadcast**

**Low cost, high bandwidth downlink of stored mission data**

**Ka-band phased array designed for operation within Earth observing data downlink frequency  **

**150-600 Mbps downlink to polar ground stations with less cost than comparable gimbaled antennas**

**Baseline**

**Formulation Study Options**

## Science - NPP Expected Data Products

**ATMOSPHERE**
**LAND**
**OCEANS**

**Cloud Properties **
**	**(amount, optical properties, height)
**Aerosol properties**
**Atmospheric temperature**
**Atmospheric Humidity**
**Land cover and land use change**
**Vegetation dynamics**
**Fire occurrence (extent, thermal anomalies)**
**Volcanic effects   **
**	**(frequency of occurrence, thermal anomalies, impact)
**Surface temperature**
**Phytoplankton and dissolved organic matter**
**Sea ice**
**	**(extent, concentration, motion, temperature)
**Snow cover **
**	**(extent, water equivalent)

**VIIRS/AGI**
**VIIRS/AGI**
**CrIS, ATMS**
**CrIS, ATMS**
**VIIRS/AGI**
**VIIRS/AGI**
**VIIRS/AGI**
**VIIRS/AGI**
**VIIRS/AGI**
**VIIRS/AGI**
**VIIRS/AGI**
**VIIRS/AGI**

## NPP Draft Initial Implementation Agreement (IIA)

**NASA Responsibilities**
- Joint program management responsibilities with IPO
- Mission systems engineering, integration, and test
- Launch vehicle and launch activities
- Spacecraft and space segment integration
- ATMS development and first unit
- Selected ground system capabilities
- Rate buffers for ground stations, back-up command & control via TDRSS, make available to IPO and/or NOAA any science processing/re-processing capabilities developed by NASA for NPP.  Note that long-term archive functions are under discussion with NOAA.
- Participate with IPO and NOAA in science level cal/val activities for NPP
**IPO Responsibilities**
- Joint program management responsibilities with NASA
- VIIRS development and first unit – augmented to meet NASA science requirements
- CrIS development and first unit
- Ground segments
- Stored mission data receive stations, primary and backup command & control, data retrieval and distribution, prototype operational data processing, prototype operational cal/val
- Ground segment integration
- Mission operations (after launch and early orbit checkout by NASA)

## NPP Status

**Agreement between NASA HQ and IPO to study feasibility**
- GSFC led concept study with IPO participation
- Determined mission feasible
- Determined ATMS feasible
**Results of feasibility study presented to Dr. Asrar and Mr. Winokur on April 8, 1999**
- Agreement in principle to proceed with next phase (Phase I/Phase B/Mission Formulation Phase)
- Concurrence with proposed division of responsibility and augmentation of VIIRS (pending concurrence of EXCOM)

## NPP  Status (Cont’d)

**NPP Initial Implementation Agreement (IIA) for mission formulation in signature cycle**
- Defines top-level NPP acquisition strategy through NASA / IPO work split
- IIA for ATMS already signed
**Draft NPP Formulation Plan in review by NASA HQ, GSFC, and IPO**
**Initiated NPP mission systems engineering concept of operations (CONOPS) and Level 2 requirements development jointly with IPO**
**Issued draft ATMS Formulation Phase RFP to industry for comment after NASA HQ and IPO concurrence**

## NPP Status (Cont’d)

**IPO VIIRS and CrIS acquisitions on schedule**
- Revision to VIIRS Sensor Requirements Document (SRD) to incorporate NASA science requirements approved by IPO review board
- Down-select of CrIS on schedule for August 1999
**Initiated NASA-IPO NPP ground station and flight operations convergence study per letter between Greg Withee and Ghassem Asrar**
- Site survey of Svalbard completed by IPO and NASA week of July 12
**NPOESS System Program and Risk Reduction (PDRR) RFP in progress**
**NASA/NOAA/IPO discussions on LTA for NPP and other Earth observing missions**

## NPP Summary

**Entered the next phase of mission definition (Phase I/Phase B/Mission Formulation Phase)**
**Offers benefits to research and operational communities**
**Calibrated, geo-located, global observations for research after EOS Terra and PM**
- Incorporate lessons-learned from EOS Terra and PM into NPP in the areas of instruments, calibration, validation, spacecraft, and ground processing
**A key benefit to operational community is early evaluation of NPOESS-like data**
- Allows for the calibration/validation of sensors & algorithms
- Facilitates the transition to using NPOESS data
**Improved NPOESS risk reduction program**