# Presentation: 203069

## NPOESS Preparatory Project  Science Objectives

**NPOESS Preparatory Project  Science Objectives**

**Pete Kealy**
**UMBC at NASA/GSFC**
**&**
**Entire NPP Team**
**October, 2005**

## Agenda

**NASA’s Measurement Based Approach**
**Ocean Color **
**Ozone**
**EOS to NPP Transition Sensors and Data Products**
**NPP Contribution to the NASA Objectives**
**SDS**
**NPP Science Team**
**Significant Differences between EOS and NPP Operational Products**

## NPP Origins

**NPP is a joint partnership between NASA’s Science Mission Directorate (formerly the Office of Earth Sciences (OES)) and the NPOESS Integrated Program Office (IPO) initiated in 1998**
**Feasibility study began in November 1998**
**Formulation began in November 1999**
**NASA Confirmation Review completed in November 2003**
**The partnership provides both organizations with considerable cost savings while achieving their key program objectives: **
**To provide NASA with continuation of a group of global change observations initiated by the Earth Observing System (EOS) TERRA, AQUA, and Aura missions**
**To provide the NPOESS operational community with pre-operational risk reduction demonstration and validation for selected NPOESS instruments, and algorithms, as well as the ground system**

## NPP in NASA’s Future Data Processing

**The NPP Science Charter is to: *****Continue the scientific data record started in the EOS era.***
**NASA is moving toward “Measurement-based”, not “Mission-based,” science and data processing teams.**
**Processing done by a Climate Analysis Research System (CARS)**
**NPP is the first post-EOS mission to have this new science data processing strategy.**** **
- NPP data products will be produced by NPOESS data processing system (IDPS)
- NPP data products will be archived by NOAA (CLASS/LTA).
- NPP data products will be assessed for science data quality at the NASA Science Data Segment (SDS).
- NPP EDR assessment will be done by the NPP Science Team.
- SDS is part of science-discipline-based, community algorithm science data processing system.

## Uses/requires existing expertise and infrastructure
Minimizes expense & start-up time
Allows handling of multiple data sets simultaneously
Not limited to mission-specific requirements and objectives
Provides flexibility to support discipline science requirements
Products, algorithms, formats, gridding, reprocessings, etc.
Facilitates strong link between flight projects & science community
Requires discipline teams responsive/accountable to the flight project(s)

- Minimizes expense & start-up time
**Allows handling of multiple data sets simultaneously**
- Not limited to mission-specific requirements and objectives
**Provides flexibility to support discipline science requirements**
- Products, algorithms, formats, gridding, reprocessings, etc.
**Facilitates strong link between flight projects & science community**
**Requires discipline teams responsive/accountable to the flight project(s)**

**Best approach for CDR generation/maintenance**

**Discipline Processing Rationale**

**Distributed Science-led Geophysical Product Generation/Support**

## GSFC Ocean Color Program Background:A Long History of Achievement

**Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner (1978-1986)**
**Airborne Oceanographic Lidar (mid-1970’s-present)**
**Community Processing & Analysis Software**
- SEAPAK (1982-1991); SeaDAS (1991- present)
**Nimbus-7/Coastal Zone Color Scanner Global Reprocessing      (1985-2000)**
**MODIS & MODIS Ocean Team (1989-present) **
**SeaWiFS Project (1991-present)**
**Sensor Intercomparison & Merger for Biological &    Interdisciplinary Ocean Studies Project (SIMBIOS; 1996-2003)**
**Ocean Color Climate Data Record (CDR) Development      (REASoN-CAN; recent selection)**
**NASA NPP Science Team (VIIRS ocean color, recent selection)**
**Designated as NASA’s Ocean Color Discipline Group and      assumed responsibility for MODIS Ocean Color Processing                    (Feb. 1, 2004)**

## Ocean Biology Processing System

_**MAIN PROCESSING SYSTEM**_
*Data from multiple satellite and instrument types*
*In-situ, ancillary, and other data*

- GSFC
- DAAC

**Flexible**
**Processing**
** *****Multiple Missions***
*** ******Rapid Reprocessing***
*** ******Parallel Processing***
***Streams (operational,***
***algorithm & cali-***
***ration testing, eval-***
***uation products)***

**Science**
**Community**
**Interactive**
*** ******Knowledgeable Staff***
*** ******Enabling Activities***
***(SeaBASS, SeaDAS,***
***Calibration RR, etc.)***

***                             ******OBPG  Management & Staff***

***Reconfigurable & Scalable***

- CZCS &
- OCTS

- SeaWiFS

- Terra
- MODIS#

- Aqua
- MODIS

- NPP
- VIIRS

**Science**
**Community**

**NASA **
**Flight Projects**

**NASA HQ**
**Program **
**Management**

**Ocean Biology Processing System**

***Community Agreed ***
***Standards and Protocols***

**In Situ Data**

- Data
- Users

**L1 ****DATA**

**L1-L3 DATA**

**MCST***

*** MODIS Characterization Support Team (NASA/GSFC)**
**# Terra MODIS OC processing suspended in Jan. 2004**

**Historical**
- (REASoN-CAN)

**Present**
- (EOS, other)

**Future**
- (NPP)

- Data Set Category:
- Funding Source

## Satellite vs Ground-based Total Ozone 

**Satellite vs Ground-based Total Ozone **

## Ozone: A True NASA/NOAA CDR 

**Ozone: A True NASA/NOAA CDR**** **

**Ozone is adjusted to NOAA-9**
**Validated against  Dobson Stations**
**Reprocessed when new algorithms are developed**
**Compared with models**

## NPP Continues Data Time Series 

**NPP Continues Data Time Series**** **

- Year

- Measurement System

_**Conventional Operations**_**   **_**EOS Technology Jump**_**   **_**Research Quality Operations**_

## nLw embedded in ocean color product

- Surface reflectances available as intermediate product

## Science Data Segment (SDS)

**Science Data Segment (SDS)**

## NPP Mission Segments

***Space Segment***

**NPP CCSDS**
**Application Packets**

## SDS Mission Statement

**The NPP SDS is intended to be a research tool for the purposes of facilitating prototype elements for the future Earth Science Enterprise distributed sciences data systems**
**The NPP SDS assess EDRs for climate quality **
**The NPP SDS can provide Algorithm Improvements**
**The SDS is a distributed architecture with 5 functionally independent elements called Product Evaluation & Algorithm Tool Elements (PEATEs) centered around: **_**Ocean, Land, Atmosphere, Ozone, and Sounder**_
**The SDS PEATEs support the Cal/Val activities in processing selected data subsets**

## NASA’s Science Data Segment (SDS) ProvidesTest Bed for xDR Analyses

**NASA’s Science Data Segment (SDS) Provides****Test Bed for xDR Analyses**

- IPO / IDPS

- NOAA / CLASS

- RDRs
- SDRs
- EDRs

- RDRs
- SDRs
- EDRs

- SD3

- I/T System

- NPP PEATE

- CARS: GSFC Oceans

- CARS: Land MODAPS

- NPP PEATE

- CARS: Atmosphere
- Uni Wisconsin

- NPP PEATE

- CARS: Ozone
- TOMS/OMI SIPS

- NPP PEATE

- CARS: Sounder. JPL

- NPP PEATE

**NPP Science Team**

- Project Science Office

- NICST

- Network
- Infrastructure

- SDS Components

**McClain, Charles**
**Wang, Menghua**
**Minnett, Peter**
**Justice, Christopher**
**Loveland, Thomas**
**Lyapustin, Alexei**
**Maslanik, James**
**Privette, Jeffrey**
**Ranson, Jon**
**Schaaf, Crystal**
**Vermote, Eric**
**Wolfe, Robert**
**Baum, Bryan**
**Han, Qingyuan**
**Menzel, Paul**
**Stamnes, Knut**
**Torres, Omar**
**McPeters, Richard**
**Pagano, Thomas ****Fishbein, Evan**
**Revercomb, Henry**
**Lambrigtsen, Bjorn**
**Staelin, David**
**Strow, Larrabee**

**CARS:**
**Climate Analysis Research System**
**PEATE: **
**Product Evaluation &Test Element**

## SDS Elements

**SD3E – SDS Data Delivery & Depository Element**
**Supports acquisition and temporary storage of data from NOAA/CLASS and IDPS**
**Capable of storing up to ~32 days of NPP xDR data in a “rolling storage” for pick-up by PEATEs and the NICSE**
**Communication Networks **
**I&TSE – Integration and Test System Element**
**A Mini-Version of the IDPS for purpose of demonstrating algorithm enhancements and / or calibration improvements**
**Intermediate Product Generation**
**PSOE - Project Science Office Element **
**Provides management direction and science guidance to the SDS Elements **
**Manages algorithm and calibration recommendations for submission to the NPP/NPOESS Algorithm CCB (TBR).**

## SDS Elements (Cont’d)

**PEATE – Product Evaluation and Algorithm Test Element**
**Performs EDR Evaluation / Characterization and algorithm improvements coordinated with  External Science Investigators, and Science Team, and NICSE (for Land, Ocean, & Atmosphere PEATES). **
**Five PEATEs are:**
**Ocean Color **
**Land **
**Ozone **
**Sounder**
**Atmosphere**
**NICSE - NPP Instrument Calibration Support Element**
**Supports assessing and validating pre-launch and post-launch radiometric and geometric characterization and calibration assessment of VIIRS instrument data.**

## PEATEs

_**Pre Launch**_
- Acquire, adapt and integrate operational SDR and EDR processing software into processing Systems
- Perform functional testing of operational code.
- Acquire and manage various preflight instrument characterization data sets provide to ST.
- Support Interface Confidence Tests, Functional Thread Tests and NPP Compatibility Tests
- Support (as needed) generation of test data sets for software and algorithm testing.

_**Post Launch**_
- Acquire all RDRS, selected SDRs, EDRs and ancillary data
- Process RDRs to SDRs and EDRs
- using operational code
- using alternative calibration LUTS
- Process SDRs to EDRs using revised or alternative algorithms, as directed by ST
- Support browse and distribution of locally generated xDRs to ST
- Perform matchups and evaluation of EDRs with other Mission Data, e.g., MODIS, SeaBASS
- SDR Evaluation for Long-term stability

## http://nppwww.gsfc.nasa.gov/

**Science Team (ST)**
**23 PIs (SDRs and EDRs)  chosen by peer-review NRA selection process**
**Charge:**
**Evaluate operational xDRs for use in climate research**
**Recommend improvements to operational algorithms**
**Determine path forward for climate-quality products from NPP/NPOESS**** **
**Project Science Group (PSG)  **
**~11 member contractor/university staff – NPP Project supported**
**Direct Broadcast Office**
**P. Coronado**
**4 NASA instrument scientists**
**NPP Instrument Characterization Support Team (NICST)**
**3 persons, growing role as instruments mature**

**http://nppwww.gsfc.nasa.gov/**

## EOS to NPP Principal Differences 

**Sensor Differences**
**VIIRS has no TIR bands beyond 13********m**
**Alternate cloud top algorithms developed**
**VIIRS thermal band range limitations **
**prevent detection of small/medium fires in some cases, and characterization (area, temperature) of large/hot fires**
**Geolocation**
**Land algorithms require precise geolocation information**
**NPP and NPOESS will be approximately 2X and 3X worse than MODIS, respectively**
**Algorithm Implementation Differences**
**Latency (the need for speed) may influence processing implementations not considered for EOS**
**Algorithm versions in the operational system may not be in sync with the latest EOS versions**
**Metadata and quality information may be different**
**Several key EOS biophysical products such as LAI, FPAR, burn scar, detection are beyond NPOESS scope**
**Processing higher than level 2 is beyond NPOESS scope**
**Reprocessing is beyond NPOESS scope**

## NPP Science Summary

**NPP has no traditional NASA “Science” Charter**
- Climate and Science processing performed by CARS
- NPP facilitates the use of NPOESS data by funding PEATES within the SDS
- SDS is a research tool used to assess climate data quality of EDRs
**NPP Science Team will assess EDR algorithms and sensor developments for climate study suitability and advise Project & Program Scientists**
**NPP Science Team will work through the Operational Algorithm Teams (OATs) to provide potential algorithm updates for NPOESS**