# Presentation: 357239

## ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999

**Lighting Requirements**

**Joseph G. Howley Jr., IESNA**
- GE Lighting
- Immediate Past Chair of ASHRAESSPC 90.1 Lighting Subcommittee

## How to Get the Standard

- Standard 90.1-2001 is now available
- Visit the ASHRAE Bookstore at http://xp10.ashrae.org/bookstore/section.html or call 1-800-5 ASHRAE or 404-636-8400

## Status of State Adoption

- Meets or Exceeds 90.1-1989*Meets or Exceeds 90.1-1999
- In Process of reviewing/considering/adopting
- *Includes unique versions of the code

**Status of State Adoption**

## Section 9 - Lighting

- 1989 vs. 1999 Comparison
- Existing Buildings
- Overview of 1999 Standard
- Interior Lighting Requirements
- Whole Building Compliance Approach
- Space-by-Space Compliance Approach
- Exterior Lighting Requirements
- Addenda

## Lighting Section Comparison

- 1989   vs.   1999

## 1989 vs. 1999

-  Lighting control credits eliminated
- Credits for installing automatic control devices replaced with mandatory control requirements
- Control points for spaces are no longer used
- Spaces no longer require a certain number of control points
- Building area power allowances (W/ft2) no longer depend on the size of the buildings
- Area factor, a function of ceiling height and floor area, is no longer calculated

## 1989 vs. 1999 (cont’d)

- Exterior lighting power requirements are simplified
- Most replaced with minimum efficacy (lumens/watt) for outdoor lighting fixtures
- More Stringent Lighting power requirements
- Requirements based on real lighting models

## Lighting Alterations to Existing Buildings

- Replacement lighting systems space comply with the _lighting power density requirements_ of Section 9 applicable to that space
- Any new control devices as a _direct replacement_ of existing control devices shall control of max. square footage as specified in Section 9 and be readily accessible (auto shutoff not required)
- Exception:
- Alterations that replace less than 50% of the luminaires in a space need not comply with these requirements

## 90.1–1999 Lighting Section Review

**90.1–1999 Lighting Section Review**

## Section 9 - Lighting 

- General Application 9.1
- Mandatory Provisions 9.2
- Prescriptive Path 9.3

## 9.1 Lighting General Application

- Interior spaces of buildings
- Exterior building features
- Exterior grounds lighting powered through building
- Exceptions
- Emergency lighting
- Lighting required by life safety statute
- Lighting within living units of buildings
- Decorative gas lighting

## Space Control – 9.2.1.2

- Control devices can’t control more than
- 2,500 ft2 in spaces < 10,000 ft2
- 10,000 ft2 in spaces > 10,000 ft2
- Control must be readily accessible and located so occupants can see the controlled lighting
- Except for safety or security
- At least one for each room or space enclosed by ceiling-height partitions

- Mandatory

## Lighting Control – 9.2.1

- Automatic lighting shutoff
- Applies to buildings > 5,000 ft2
- Time-scheduling devices
- Occupant-sensing devices

- Mandatory

## Exterior Lighting Control – 9.2.1.3

- Photocells or astronomical time switch required
- Seven-day electrically-driven, mechanical clocks with trippers, astronomical dial, and four-hour spring-wound storage
- Seven-day or calendar year, electronic programmable time switches with astronomic correction and battery backup
- Any of the timers above with a photocell (in place of astronomical correction)
- Exceptions

- Mandatory

## Additional Control – 9.2.1.4

- Many special lighting applications must be controlled separately
- Display/accent lighting
- Case lighting
- Hotel/motel guest room lighting
- Task lighting
- Nonvisual lighting
- Demonstration lighting

- Mandatory

## Tandem Wiring – 9.2.2

- Mandatory

**Tandem Wiring – 9.2.2**

## Tandem Wiring Exceptions

- Separated surface or pendant luminaires
- Recessed luminaires more than 10 ft apart
- Other luminaires
- With three-lamp ballasts
- On emergency lighting circuits
- With no available pair
- With one lamp, high frequency, electronic ballast

- Mandatory

## Exit Signs – 9.2.3

- Exit signs operating at > 20 W must have a source efficacy > 35 Lumens
- LED lamps okay
- CF lamps with electronic ballasts usually okay
- Majority of incandescent lamps not okay

- Mandatory

## Efficacy

- The ratio of light output to watts input
- lumens per watt
- The higher the efficacy, the more efficient the light source
- 40 watt incandescent = 495 lumens
- 40 watt fluorescent = 3,150 lumens

## Installed Interior Lighting Power – 9.2.4

- Includes all permanent and portable interior lighting intended for general, ambient, or task illumination
- Includes lamp, power used by ballast, the control (when applicable), current regulators, and any other lighting power draws
- Exception

- Mandatory

## Luminaire Wattage – 9.2.5

- Standard incandescent = max. labeled wattage of the luminaire
- Luminaires with ballasts = wattage of the lamp/ballast combination
- Line voltage track = min. 30 W per foot
- Low voltage track = transformer wattage
- All others as specified

- Mandatory

## Lighting Power Allowance Exemptions

- Theatrical, stage, film, and video production
- Medical and dental procedures
- Monuments, Museum and Gallery Exhibits
- Plant growth or maintenance
- Equipment lighting or instrumentation installed by manufacturer
- Refrigerator and Freezer cases
- Retail display windows
- Registered Historic Landmarks
- Advertising or directional signage
- Exit signs
- Sale or lighting educational demonstration systems
- Athletic playing areas with permanent facilities for TV broadcasting
- Casino gaming areas
- For use in areas specifically designed for the visually impaired

## Example #1

- Calculate the total lighting wattage of a room containing the following fixtures:
- Eight 2’-4’ Fluorescent Fixtures
- Three 4’ fluorescent T8 lamps per fixture, 32 Watts
- One three-lamp electronic ballast
- Ballast Input Wattage – 90 Watts
- Six Incandescent Downlights
- Specified Lamps – 60 Watt, A-line, Medium Screw Base
- Maximum labeled wattage of fixture – 75 Watts
- 16 Feet of Line Voltage Track
- Specified – 5 Track Heads
- 90 Watts Halogen PAR38 Lamps

## Solution #1:  Total Lighting Wattage Calculation

_**Wrong Way!**_
- 8 Fixtures x 3 Lamps x 32 Watts per Lamp	=   768 Watts
- 6 Downlights x 60 Watts/A-line lamp		=   360 Watts
- _5 Track Heads x 90 Watts/Halogen Par Lamp__	__=   450 Watts_
- 				Total Wattage 	= 1,578 Watts

_**Right Way!**_
- 8 Fixtures x 90 Ballast Input Watts		=   720 Watts
- 6 Downlights x 75 Watt Labeled A-line Fixture	=   450 Watts
- _16’ Track x 30 Watts/Foot__	__	__	__=   480 Watts_
- 				Total Wattage	= 1,650 Watts

## Two Compliance Paths

- Building Area Method
- Space by Space Method

## Building Area Method – 9.3.1.1

- Used for projects involving
- An entire building
- A single, independent, and separate occupancy in a multi-occupancy building
- Most Building Types listed
- “Selection of a reasonably equivalent type” is permitted
- Gross lighted area is multiplied by allowance from Table 9.3.1.1

- Prescriptive

## Gross Lighted Area

- Sum of total lighted area of a building
- Measured from the exterior faces of the exterior walls or from the centerline of walls separating buildings
- Used in the building area method of determining interior lighting power allowance

- Prescriptive

## Lighting Power Densities - 9.3.1.1

- Building space models were developed to calculate power densities limits using:
- Current product performance data
- Updated efficacy and loss factors
- New building construction data
- IES-recommended light levels
- Professional lighting design consensus

## Building Area Method Lighting Power Densities – 9.3.1.1

- Hospital		- 1.6 W/ft2
- Library		- 1.5 W/ft2
- Manufacturing	- 2.2 W/ft2
- Museum		- 1.6 W/ft2
- Office			- 1.3 W/ft2
- Parking Garage	- 0.3 W/ft2
- Retail			- 1.9 W/ft2
- School		- 1.5 W/ft2

## Example #2

_**Solution #2**_
-  200’ x  350’ =  70,000 ft2 per floor
-  6 Floors x 70,000 ft2 per floor = 420,000 ft2
-  _420,000 ft__2__ x 1.3 watts per ft__2__  =  546,000 watts_
-     **Total Lighting Power Allowance = 546 kilowatts**

- Calculate Total Lighting Power Allowance using the Building Area Method:
- An Office Building
- Six floors
- Outside Dimensions 200’ x 350’
- Office Building Power Allowance = 1.3 Watts/ft2

## Space-to-Space Method – 9.3.1.2

- Identify different building types in your project
- Divide gross lighted area of the building into each of the space types
- Calculate lighting power allowance
- Sum all the allowances
- Advantages
- More flexible
- Applicable to all building types

- Prescriptive

## Space-to-Space Method – 9.3.1.2

**Space-to-Space Method – 9.3.1.2**

## Additional Interior Lighting Power – 9.3.1.2

- Decorative luminaires -
- 1.0 W/ft2 in space where used
- Use of fluorescent luminaires designed to eliminate computer screen glare (Defined by IES RP1 requirements.) - 0.35 W/ft2
- Accent Lighting
- Additional 1.6 W/ft2, or
- Additional 3.9 W/ft2 for fine merchandise

## Example #3

- Calculate Total Lighting Power Allowance using the Space by Space Method:
- A Retail Building:
- 5,000 ft2 of Sales Area – General Accent Lighting
- 1,000 ft2 of Active Storage Area
- Three Enclosed Office – 200 ft2 each
- One Conference Room – 400 ft2
- Two Rest Rooms – 150 ft2 each
- Corridors – 6’ wide x 25’ long

## Solution - Step #1

- A. A Retail Building:
-  Sales Area - 2.1 W/ft2
-  Additional Power Allowance
-  Accent Lighting - 1.6 W/ft2
-  Active Storage Area - 1.1 W/ft2
-  Enclosed Offices - 1.5 W/ft2
-  Conference Room - 1.5 W/ft2
-  Rest Rooms - 1.0 W/ft2
-  Corridors - 0.7 W/ft2

- Identify the Watts per Square Foot Allowed for Each Space

## Solution - Step #2

-      A. A Retail Building:
-  Sales: 2.1 W/ft2 x 5000 ft2  			= 10,500 Watts
-  Active Storage Area: 1.1 W/ft2 x 1000 ft2  		=   1,100 Watts
-  Enclosed Offices: 1.5 W/ft2 x (3) 200 ft2 	 	=      900 Watts
-  Conference Room: 1.5 W/ft2 x 400 ft2     	 	=      600 Watts
-  Rest Rooms: 1.0 W/ft2 x (2) 150 ft2         	 	=      300 Watts
-  _Corridors: 0.7 W/ft__2__ x 6’ x 25’                  __	__	__=      105 Watts_
**TOTAL POWER ALLOWANCE  ****	****	****= 13,505 WATTS**
-      B. Additional Power Allowance - Accent Lighting Only
-    **1.6 W/ft****2**** x 5000 ft****2****       ****	****	****	****=   8,000 WATTS**

- Multiply W/ft2 allowance by the area of each space.  Add to calculate total power allowance

## The Great Outdoors

## Exterior Building Grounds Lighting – 9.2.6

- Luminaires that operate at > 100 W must use a lamp with a source efficacy > 60 lumens/W
- Exceptions
- Traffic signals
- Lighting within outdoor signs
- Lighting used to illuminate public monuments or registered historic landmarks
- If a motion sensor controls the lighting application

- Mandatory

## Exterior Building Lighting Power – 9.3.2

- Sum of all lighting power allowances for applicable exterior applications
- Building Entrance w/canopy - 3W/ft2
- Building Entrance - 33 W/linear ft.
- Building Exit - 20 W/linear ft.
- Building Facades - 0.25 W/ft2

- Prescriptive

## Recent Addendum to Lighting Section

- Automatic lighting control shut-off required for buildings > 5,000 ft2, allowed to function in the following ways:
- Scheduled basis
- Occupancy sensor basis
- Using a signal from another control or alarm system that indicating the area is unoccupied
- Occupant override basis

## Questions?

## How to Get the Standard

- Standard 90.1-2001 is now available
- Visit the ASHRAE Bookstore at http://xp10.ashrae.org/bookstore/section.html or call 1-800-5 ASHRAE or 404-636-8400