# Presentation: 948333

## GLOBAL TERRESTRIAL NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION from MODIS

***GLOBAL TERRESTRIAL NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION from MODIS***

**REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT WITH TERRA**
**L’AQUILA, ITALY**
**25-30 AUGUST 2002**
**Steven W. Running and NTSG**
**Univ. of Montana**

## 1986

*1986*

## Slide 3

## Slide 4

## Slide 5

## Temperature range of Global NPP by Biome

*Temperature range of Global NPP by Biome*

*Water balance range of Global NPP by biome*

## MODIS Productivity

***Design Limitations....****** ***

***1.  Based on Remotely Sensed LAI estimate***
***2.  One km******2****** resolution (possibly 250 m******2******)***
*** ***
***3.  Accuracy of supplemental inputs***
***         ******Vegetation Classification***
***         ******Weather & Radiation Data***
***5.  Lack of growth respiration in weekly productivity***

## MODIS Productivity

## Remote Sensing of Vegetation

*(PAR=0.45R**net**)*

## NDVI

***Leaf Area Index (LAI)***

***Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR)***

_***NDVI***_

## Vegetation Productivity

- Net Primary
- Productivity
- (gC/m2)

- Gross
- Photosynthesis

- Respiration

**=**

**-**

***NPP***

***GPP***

***R***

## MODIS Productivity

***Annual =  ************ (Weekly)*** ***-  R ******m_live wood  ******-  R ******g***

***Weekly =  GPP  -  ******R ******m_leaf******  -  R ******m_fine root****** ***

## MODIS Photosynthesis

***GPP   =***

***Radiation***
***Use***
***Efficiency***

***Absorbed***
***Photosynthetically Active***
***Radiation***

*x*

***The Monteith equation....***

***APAR ***

***(FPAR)****** ******(PAR****** ******)***

## MODIS Photosynthesis

_***MODIS Photosynthesis***_

***GPP   =***

***Radiation***
***Use***
***Efficiency***

***Absorbed***
***Photosynthetically Active***
***Radiation***

*x*

***The Monteith equation....***

***APAR ***

***(FPAR) ******(0.45R******net****** ******)***

## MODIS Photosynthesis

_***MODIS Photosynthesis***_

***GPP   =***

***Radiation***
***Use***
***Efficiency***

***Absorbed***
***Photosynthetically Active***
***Radiation***

*x*

***The Monteith equation....***

***APAR ***

***(FPAR)****** ******(0.45R******net ******)***

## MODIS Photosynthesis

*Epsilon is the slope of the*
*line described by *
***GPP   = ****** ****APAR***

_***MODIS Photosynthesis***_

## Radiation Use Efficiency

***  **= ****max  **[m**tmin **][m**vpd **]*

*The coefficients are calculated from daily minimum and maximum air temperature which are therefore necessary inputs to the model*

## VPD & Tmin Coefficients

**Grassland Biome**

*Tmin_max & Tmin_min*
*are Tabulated by biome*

**All Biomes**

- Tmin_max

- Tmin_min

***VPD***

***Tmin***

_***VPD & Tmin Coefficients***_

## % Reduction

*% Reduction*
*Of Annual NPP*

## Maintenance Respiration

*Live wood maintenance respiration not included in weekly *
*      **MODIS productivity *
*It is included in the annual estimate*

## Growth Respiration

***R ******g_leaf******        = ( leaf mass******max****** )(turnover)(constant)***

*The amount of growth in each part of the vegetation varies over the*
*growing season.  Therefore growth respiration is not included in*
*the weekly estimates of vegetation production*

## MODIS Productivity

## ALGORITHM IMPLEMENTATIONUSE OF BIOME-BGC IN DERIVING THE MOD17BIOME PROPERTIES LOOK-UP TABLE

***ALGORITHM IMPLEMENTATION******USE OF BIOME-BGC IN DERIVING THE MOD17******BIOME PROPERTIES LOOK-UP TABLE***

- Algorithm Calibration

## ESTIMATION OF DAILY NPP IN MOD17 ALGORITHM

***ESTIMATION OF DAILY NPP IN MOD17 ALGORITHM***

- MOD-17
- Daily NPP*

- Daily Outputs

- Photosynthesis

- Maintenance Respiration

- *does not include growth respiration or live wood maintenance respiration costs

- X

- –

## ANNUAL NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION ESTIMATION

- MOD-17
- Annual NPP

- MOD-17 Daily Outputs

- Annual average live wood mass

- max

- 

- 

- –

- –

- =

## ENTRIES IN THE BIOME LOOK-UP TABLE

***ENTRIES IN THE BIOME LOOK-UP TABLE***

## BIOME LOOK-UP TABLE FOR MOD17 ALGORITHM

**Parameter name      1        2        3        4        5        6        7        8        9        10       11**
**epsilon_max         0.001008 0.001259 0.001103 0.001044 0.001116 0.000864 0.000768 0.000888 0.000774 0.000604 0.000604**
**tmin_max            8.31     9.09     10.44    7.94     8.50     10.24    11.39    8.61     8.80     12.02    12.02**
**tmin_min            -8.00    -8.00    -8.00    -8.00    -8.00    -8.00    -8.00    -8.00    -8.00    -8.00    -8.00**
**vpd_max             4100     4100     4100     4100     4100     4100     4100     4100     4100     4100     4100**
**vpd_min             930      930      930      930      930      930      930      930      930      930      930**
**sla                 22.1     17.3     30.0     26.2     21.5     33.8     39.8     12.0     28.5     45.0     45.0**
**q10_mr              2.0      2.0      2.0      2.0      2.0      2.0      2.0      2.0      2.0      2.0      2.0**
**froot_leaf_ratio    1.3      1.1      1.3      1.1      1.1      1.5      1.8      1.0      1.5      2.0      2.0**
**livewood_leaf_rat   0.081    0.162    0.152    0.203    0.132    0.107    0.051    0.079    0.040    0.000    0.000**
**leaf_mr_base        0.00653  0.00604  0.00805  0.00778  0.00677  0.00824  0.00869  0.00519  0.00714  0.00908  0.00908**
**froot_mr_base       0.00519  0.00519  0.00519  0.00519  0.00519  0.00519  0.00519  0.00519  0.00519  0.00519  0.00519**
**livewood_mr_base    0.00322  0.00397  0.00297  0.00371  0.00372  0.00212  0.00100  0.00436  0.00218  0.00000  0.00000**
**leaf_gr_base        0.3      0.3      0.3      0.3      0.3      0.3      0.3      0.3      0.3      0.3      0.3**
**froot_leaf_gr_rati  1.3      1.1      1.3      1.1      1.1      1.5      1.8      1.0      1.5      2.0      2.0**
**livewood_leaf_gr_r  0.16     0.20     0.15     0.19     0.19     0.11     0.05     0.22     0.11     0.0      0.0**
**deadwood_leaf_gr_r  1.6      1.1      1.5      1.6      1.8      1.0      0.5      0.0      0.0      0.0      0.0**

***BIOME LOOK-UP TABLE FOR MOD17 ALGORITHM***

## MODIS LAI 

**MODIS LAI**

**MODIS **
**FPAR**

**MODLAND/Myneni et al. **

## Slide 31

## DAO vs. NCEP forcing run MOD17A3

**NPP (DAO Run)**

**NPP (NCEP Run)**

**NPP Difference (DAO-NCEP)**

**Land Cover**

## Stations’ location

- Total Number=163

## California (n=79)

## California (n=79)

## North Dakota (n=47)

## California (n=79)

- Bias= -0.26

- Bias= 0.38

- Bias= -95.54

- Bias= 139.32

## Slide 39

## Slide 41

## Slide 42

## FLUXNET GRASSLAND SITES

- Maximum canopy photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration
- (μmole m-2 sec-1)

## FLUXNET FOREST SITES

- Maximum canopy photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration
- (μmole m-2 sec-1)

## KONZA PRAIRIE GRASSLAND

*KONZA PRAIRIE GRASSLAND*

## HARVARD MIXED FOREST

*HARVARD MIXED FOREST*

## SEVILLETA, NM  DESERT

## OREGON EVERGREEN FOREST

*OREGON EVERGREEN FOREST*

## WISCONSIN MIXED FOREST

*WISCONSIN MIXED FOREST*

## MODIS NPP vs. LTER NPP

*MODIS 2001 NPP vs. long-term (mean=12years) observed above-ground NPP*
*NOTE: Here NPP means Biomass, we have converted carbon to biomass*

*Bias=542.1*

## Selected sites for comparisons (Max.LAI<10%)

****** ****Deciduous Broadleaf Forest (DBF)**
****** ****Shrub**
****** ****Grass**

**Selected sites for comparisons (********Max.LAI<10%)**

## Aims

-   Comparing seasonal pattern of PSN (GPP – Maintenance Respiration) from MODIS and BIOME-BGC simulations at NCDC Cooperative Weather Stations across conterminous USA.

## Preparation for the comparison

- MODIS
-    -  Extract 5-by-5 pixel mean PSN with QC flags of 0 & 4.
- BIOME-BGC
-    -  Preparing 8-day mean PSN
- Normalize seasonal variation
-    (0 ~ Maximum PSN)  (0 ~ 1)

## Mean LAI (Apr.~Oct.): MOD15 vs. BIOME-BGC

**Mean LAI (Apr.~Oct.): MOD15 vs. BIOME-BGC**

**Grass (371)**

**ENF (234)**

**DBF (578)**

**Shrub (335)**

## Evergreen Needleleaf Forest

**Evergreen Needleleaf Forest**

**  ****Coop. Station           DAO**

## Deciduous Broadleaf Forest

**  ****Coop. Station           DAO**

## Grass

**  ****Coop. Station           DAO**

## Slide 58

## Slide 59

## MODIS PHOTOSYNTHESIS

*June 2-10 2001*

*January 9-17, 2002*

*MODIS PHOTOSYNTHESIS*

##                            SUMMARY3 Sources of variability of MODIS PSN1. Radiometric – MODIS FPAR and LAI2. Meteorological – DAO IPAR and Temps3. Ecological – MOD 17 	representation of plant physiologyEach require a different mode of validation