# Presentation: 051953

## NACP Data Management Planning Workshop

**NACP Data Management Planning Workshop**

***Diane E. Wickland, Co-Chair Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group***

**January 25, 2005**

## U.S. Climate Change Science Program:  Carbon Cycle Science Program

**U.S. Climate Change Science Program:****  ****Carbon Cycle Science Program**

***An Interagency Partnership***

## U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Program

## Societal Question:  What are our options for managing carbon sources and sinks to achieve an appropriate balance of risk, cost and benefits to society?

** **
***Scientific Question:*****  How large and variable are the dynamic reservoirs and fluxes of carbon within the Earth system, and how might carbon cycling change and be managed in future years, decades, and centuries?**

**GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE:  OVERARCHING QUESTIONS**

## Why Carbon Cycle Science?

** ****to reduce uncertainties concerning the potential for climate change**
**	**- projections of future atmospheric CO2 and CH4 	concentrations 							- improved process controls for climate models
** ****to evaluate carbon management options being considered by society**
**	**- effects of changes in emissions of CO2 and CH4 			- effects of deliberate carbon sequestration through 	enhancement of biospheric storage processes or engineering 	approaches
**for effective natural resource management in a changing world**

**Why Carbon Cycle Science?**

## Carbon Cycle Science Questions

**2.****  ****What are the magnitudes and distributions of**** ****ocean carbon sources and ****sinks**** ****on seasonal to centennial time scales, and ****what are the processes controlling their dynamics?**
**3.**** ****What are the effects on carbon sources and sinks of past, present, and future**** ****land use change and resource management practices**** ****at local, regional, and global scales?**
**4.**** How do **** ****global ****terrestrial, oceanic, and atmospheric**** carbon sources and sinks**** ****change on seasonal to centennial time scales, and how can this knowledge be integrated to quantify and explain**** annual global carbon  budgets?**
**5.****  ****What will be the**** ****future atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and other carbon-containing greenhouse gases****, and how will terrestrial and marine carbon sources and sinks change in the future?**
**6.****  ****How will the Earth system, and its different components, respond to various options for**** managing carbon in the environment****, and what scientific information is needed for evaluating these options? **

**Carbon Cycle Science Questions**

## U.S. Carbon Cycle Near-Term Priorities

**I****mplementing**:
-  **North American Carbon Program (NACP)**
** ****Ocean Carbon and Climate Change (OCCC)**
*These two programs were planned through the auspices of the Carbon Cycle Science Steering Group and address, primarily, the first two of the six Global Carbon Cycle questions (but will have significant research activity that also will address other questions).*
**Producing**:
** ****First State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR)**
*SOCCR is not now integrated into the NACP, but rather is a separate activity that will draw primarily from past research; future SOCCRs will draw more and more from NACP results and a closer relationship may become desirable.*

## APPROACH AND IMPLEMENTATION

**Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group** (CCIWG) Co-Chairs:  Dr. Diane Wickland, NASA and Dr. Roger Dahlman, DOE
**Carbon Cycle Science Steering Group** (CCSSG) Chair:  Dr. Chris Field, Carnegie Institute
**Carbon Cycle Program Office Director**: Dr. Roger Hanson
**Carbon Cycle Program Officer**:  Ms. Gloria Rapalee

## U.S. Climate Change Science and Technology Integration

** ****& **
**Climate Change Science Program**

## Committee on Climate Change Science & Technology Integration

**Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology Integration**
- Chair: Secretary of Commerce*       Vice Chair: Secretary of Energy*
- Executive Director: OSTP Director
- Secretary of State	NEC Director	Secretary of Transportation
- Secretary of Agriculture	NASA Administrator	Secretary of Defense
- EPA Administrator	Secretary of the Interior	CEQ Chairman
- OMB Director	Secretary of HHS	NSF Director

**Interagency Working Group on **
**Climate Change Science and Technology**
- Chair: Deputy/Under  Secretary of Energy*
- Vice Chair: Deputy/Under Secretary of Commerce*
- Secretary: OSTP Associate Director for Science
- Members DS/US Level:
- CEQ, DOD, DOI, DOS, DOT, EPA,
- HHS, NASA, NEC, NSF, OMB, USDA

- *Chair and Vice Chair of Committee and Working Group rotate annually

**Office of the President**
- Climate Change Policy and
- Program Review by NSC, DPC, NEC

**International Activities**
- (Including Task Force on International Energy Cooperation)
- DOS, DOE, USAID and Other Agencies

**Committee on Climate Change Science & Technology Integration**

**Climate Change Science Program**
- Director: Assistant Secretary of Commerce 	                  for Oceans and Atmosphere
- Members: DOC, DOD, DOE, DOI, DOS, DOT, EPA, HHS, NASA, NSF, OMB, OSTP, Smithsonian, USAID, USDA

**Climate Change Technology Program**
- Director: Assistant Secretary of Energy                          for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
- Members: DOC, DOD, DOE, DOI, DOS, DOT, EPA, HHS, NASA, NSF, OMB, OSTP, USAID, USDA

- November 2002

## U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP)

**Core Approaches:**
-  Scientific Research
-  Observations
-  Decision Support
-  Communications

**Scientific Research Elements:**
-  Atmospheric Composition
-  Climate Variability and Change
-  Global Water Cycle
-  Land-Use / Land-Cover Change
** ****Global Carbon Cycle**
-  Ecosystems
-  Human Contributions and Responses

## U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP)

**CCSP incorporates:  **
-  U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP; established 1990)
-  Climate Change Research Initiative (CCRI; created 2001)

**CCSP Goals:**
- Improve knowledge of the Earth’s past and present climate and environment, including its natural variability, and improve understanding of the causes of observed variability and change.
- Improve quantification of the forces bringing about changes in the Earth’s climate and related systems. (Global Carbon Cycle mainly here)
- Reduce uncertainty in projections of how the Earth’s climate and related systems may change in the future
- Understand the sensitivity and adaptability of different natural and managed ecosystems and human systems to climate and related global changes.
- Explore the uses and identify the limits of evolving knowledge to manage risks and opportunities related to climate variability and change.

## U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP)

**Synthesis and Assessment Products:**
- CCSP will produce a variety of synthesis and assessment products to support both policymaking and adaptive management.
- Under Goal 2, the following Synthesis and Assessment product, relevant to carbon cycle science,  is to be produced by the end of 2005:
- 	SAR 2.2 -* North American carbon budget and implications **	**for the global carbon cycle*

- The CCIWG believes the first *State of the Carbon Cycle Report *(SOCCR) can serve as SAR 2.2 and has provided a *Prospectus* to the CCSP proposing this, but the *Prospectus* has not been approved yet.

## North American Carbon Program

## North American Carbon Program (NACP)

**The NACP has three overarching goals:**
** ****Develop quantitative scientific knowledge, robust observations, and models to determine the emissions and uptake of CO****2****, CH****4****, and CO, the changes in carbon stocks, and the factors regulating these processes for North America and adjacent ocean basins**
** ****Develop the scientific basis to implement full carbon accounting on regional and continental scales**
** ****Support long-term quantitative measurements of sources and sinks of atmospheric ****CO****2**** and CH****4****,**** and develop forecasts for future trends **

**A major step toward implementing the NACP was achieved with the publication of *****The North American Carbon Program (NACP)***** ****in 2002.**

## NACP in Context of U.S. CCSTI

**NACP**** in Context of U.S. CCSTI**

- Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology Integration

- Interagency Working Group on Climate Change Science and Technology

- Climate Change Science Program

- Climate Change Technology Program

- U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)

- Climate Change Research Initiative (CCRI)

**Carbon Cycle Science**

**NACP**

- 3 Key Science Areas

**NACP**

## North American Carbon Program Framework for Measurements

**North American Carbon Program Framework for Measurements**

## North American Carbon Program Integration

- Observations & Experiments  Science Results  Estimates & Uncertainties

**Predictive Models**

**Field Studies**

**Diagnostic Models**

**Model-Data Fusion**

**Decision Support**

**Observations**

**Dynamic Maps**

**The NACP will quantify the magnitudes and distributions of carbon sources and sinks, explain the processes controlling them, and produce a consistent analysis of North America’s carbon budget.**

**Notes:**
Observations & Experiments -> Scientific Results -> Estimates With Uncertainties 

## Potential Five Year Deliverables for NACP

- Consistent quantification (from independent methods) of carbon sources and sinks over North America, from regional to continental scales
- Quantification of the causes of terrestrial carbon sources and sinks, including land management, at multiple time scales
- Consistent quantification of the North American contribution to the Northern Hemisphere terrestrial carbon sink
- Specific design recommendations and prototypes for sampling networks, process research, data assimilation and prognostic modeling capabilities to improve future projections of the North American carbon balance
- First *State of the Carbon Cycle Report* (SOCCR) for North America

## NACP Mid-Continent Intensive

** ****The Mid-Continent intensive campaign is the first of what could be a series of intensive studies to develop and evaluate key approaches for NACP. **
** ****It will reconcile estimates of regional carbon sources and sinks derived from atmospheric models using measurements of trace gas concentrations with direct estimates based on field measurements, inventories, regional geographic information, and remote sensing data.**
** ****It will attribute sources and sinks to ecosystem processes and human activities within the region. **
**  ****It will emphasize a multi-state area of the upper Midwestern U.S.  Certain types of studies will need to focus smaller or more expanded areas.**

##  NACP Program Office to be established soon at Climate Change Science Program Office (CCSPO)

**	****- Full-time Director**
**	****- Staff with full-/part-time detailees, etc.**
** ****Management, coordination, and oversight by CCIWG**
** ****Scientific leadership and direction from an NACP Science Steering Group (SSG), with scientific oversight by CCSSG -- NACP SSG being established now; Dr. Scott Denning to Chair NACP SSG**

**NACP Program Management Plan**

## Agencies

- Subcomm.?

- CCIWG

- CCSSG

**NACP Organizational Structure (in U.S.)**

- Individual NACP Science
- Investigators

- Agency NACP Core &
-  Supporting Project Participants

**Approved NACP Science Investigators**

- NACP Office

**Agencies**

***NACP Science Steering Group***

- Leaders from Group
- of Science Investigators

- Project Science
- Leaders

## NACP: Noteworthy Events

- 	- Remote Sensing for NACP (Aug., MT)
- 	- *In situ* science for Mid-Continent Intensive (Sept., IA)
- 	- AmeriFlux add-on for Mid-Continent Intensive  (Oct., CO)
- 	*- LU/LC - Carbon Program Coordination Workshop (tbd)*
- 	**- Data Management for NACP (January, 2005 in LA)**
- 	- Ocean Carbon (to include NACP ocean work; tbd in 2005)
-  Workshops to be developed
- 	- to further develop/prioritize other *Intensives *for NACP
- 	- NACP science development for integrated North American 	analysis with Canada (& Mexico?)

**NACP: Noteworthy Events**

## Partnerships for NACP

-   With Neighbors to the North and South
- 	- Canadian scientists involved in science planning
-  	- Discussions with Canadian Government ongoing (ad hoc 	working group)
-  	- U.S.-Canada bilateral includes detailed statement of intent to 	work together on NACP (drafted in advance by ad hoc U.S.-	Canada NACP working group)
-  	- U.S.-Mexico bilateral identified NACP as an activity of	interest; small program-oriented workshop held in October, 	2004
-  With Europe
- 	- U.S.-EU bilateral discussions to cross compare results, work 	on Northern Hemisphere carbon budget, and develop 	measurement protocols and standards

## Ocean Carbon and Climate Change

**Role of the ocean in regulating**
**atmospheric CO****2**** levels:**
- 1) Ocean natural and anthropogenic CO2 inventory
- 2) Magnitude and variability of air-sea CO2 flux
- 3) Feedback mechanisms and climate sensitivities for ocean carbon storage
- 4) Scientific basis for mitigation strategies

**A major step toward implementing the oceanic component of NACP was achieved with the publication of *****Ocean Carbon and Climate Change *****in 2004.**

## Ocean Carbon and Climate Change

**Diagnostic Analysis**
-  remote sensing imagery
-  atmospheric observing system
-  hydrologic transfers (land to coastal ocean)
- - open and coastal ocean measurements
- - modeling (process; data assimilation)
-  intensive field campaigns

**For NACP:**

**Continental Margin**_** **_
**Backbone ~12 moored TS**
**Ship transects**
**Remote sensing synthesis     **
**  ****and *****in situ***** calibration**
**Process studies in context  **
**  ****of existing/new time-series**

**Process-Oriented Research**
**Predictive modeling**
**Decision support resources**

## Relationship between OCCC and NACP

- NACP and OCCC will be coordinated to cover a continuum from dry land to the open ocean

- NACP

- OCCC

-  NACP will have primary responsibility for land-ocean exchanges
-  Both programs will have responsibility for shelf processes
-  OCCC will have primary responsibility for shelf-open ocean exchanges

**Relationship between OCCC and NACP**

## Data Management in NACP

## Data Management Needs for NACP

- Find and access relevant data and information
- Integrate data from a variety of sources that may be reported in differing ways and/or cover differing spatial and temporal domains
- Share data across a broad group of researchers who may use the data in different ways (e.g., to extrapolate or interpolate measurements; in models; to document processes or infer causality)
- Assess/document data quality and adherence to standards
- Support intensive field campaigns
- Make efficient use of existing data management capabilities, organizations, infrastructure, and resources
- Provide for long-term archival of key data and results