# Presentation: 526661

## Neutrino cross section 

- Teppei Katori
- Indiana University
- Rencontres de Moriond EW 2008
- La Thuile, Italia, Mar., 05, 08

**Neutrino cross section **
**measurements for long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments**

**SciBooNE vertex detector "SciBar"**

## 1. Neutrino oscillation experiments 

**SciBooNE vertex detector "SciBar"**

**1. Neutrino oscillation experiments **
**2. Neutrino energy reconstruction**
**    ****2.1 Kinematic energy reconstruction**
**    ****2.2 Calorimetric energy reconstruction**
**3. Background reactions**
**4. Conclusion **

## 1. Neutrino oscillation experiments 

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 03/05/08

**1. Neutrino oscillation experiments **
**2. Neutrino energy reconstruction**
**    ****2.1 Kinematic energy reconstruction**
**    ****2.2 Calorimetric energy reconstruction**
**3. Background reactions**
**4. Conclusion **

## 1. Neutrino oscillation experiments 

- Long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments
- Observable is neutrino interaction rate
- Neutrino oscillation is a function of neutrino energy and neutrino flight distance
- If we want to measure m2~10-3, then L/E should be tuned around ~103
- order of L ~ 100-1000km
- order of E ~ 100-1000MeV

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 03/05/08

- There are 2 next generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments

## 1. T2K experiment 

- 1. T2K experiment

- There are 2 next generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- NOvA experiment (NuMI Off-axis ve Appearance)
- E~2000MeV, higher energy (higher flux)
- L~800km, longer baseline (lower flux)

- T2K experiment (Toukai to Kamioka )
- E~800MeV, lower energy (lower flux)
- L~300km, shorter baseline (higher flux)

- Super-K

- 03/05/08

## 1. NOvA experiment 

- 1. NOvA experiment

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- There are 2 next generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments

- 03/05/08

- T2K experiment (Toukai to Kamioka )
- E~800MeV, lower energy (lower flux)
- L~300km, shorter baseline (higher flux)

- NOvA experiment (NuMI Off-axis ve Appearance)
- E~2000MeV, higher energy (higher flux)
- L~800km, longer baseline (lower flux)

## 1.  disappearance measurement 

- 2 goals for T2K and NOvA experiments
- (1) precision measurement for m2 and sin2223 through  events
-  - Accurate neutrino energy reconstruction
- (2) e appearance measurement
-  - Careful rejection of background reactions

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 03/05/08

- mis-reconstruction of neutrino energy spoils   disappearance signals

- far/near  ratio

## 1. e appearance measurement

- 2 goals for T2K and NOvA experiments
- (1) precision measurement for m2 and sin2223 through  events
-  - Accurate neutrino energy reconstruction
- (2) e appearance measurement (= sin223)
-  - Careful rejection of background reactions

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 03/05/08

- Background  (misID) events,  for example, NCo events, are poorly understood

## 1. CC (Charged-Current) cross section 

- 1. CC (Charged-Current) cross section

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- NOvA  (E~2000MeV)
- - QE, resonance, DIS

- 03/05/08

- T2K (E~800MeV)
- - quasi-elastic (QE)

- CC reaction is essential for neutrino experiments.
- There are many reactions in this narrow energy region!

## 1. CC (Charged-Current) cross section 

- 1. CC (Charged-Current) cross section

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

**MINOS, MINERvA**

**K2K, SciBooNE**
**MiniBooNE**

- CC reaction is essential for neutrino experiments.
- There are many reactions in this narrow energy region!
- A lot of future/current experiments!

- 03/05/08

- T2K (E~800MeV)
- - quasi-elastic (QE)

- NOvA  (E~2000MeV)
- - QE, resonance, DIS

## 1. Neutrino oscillation experiments 

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 03/05/08

**1. Neutrino oscillation experiments **
**2. Neutrino energy reconstruction**
**    ****2.1 Kinematic energy reconstruction**
**    ****2.2 Calorimetric energy reconstruction**
**3. Background reactions**
**4. Conclusion **

## 2. Neutrino energy reconstruction

- To understand neutrino oscillation, reconstruction of neutrino energy is essential.
- These 2 energy scales require 2 different schemes for energy reconstruction.

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- T2K (E~800MeV)
- - quasi-elastic (QE)
- - kinematic energy reconstruction

- NOvA  (E~2000MeV)
- - QE, resonance, DIS
- - calorimetric energy reconstruction

- 03/05/08

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

## 1. Neutrino oscillation experiments 

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 03/05/08

**1. Neutrino oscillation experiments **
**2. Neutrino energy reconstruction**
**    ****2.1 Kinematic energy reconstruction**
**    ****2.2 Calorimetric energy reconstruction**
**3. Background reactions**
**4. Conclusion **

## 2. Kinematic neutrino energy reconstruction 

- These 2 energy scales require 2 different schemes for energy reconstruction.

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- T2K (E~800MeV)
- - quasi-elastic (QE)
- - kinematic energy reconstruction

- NOvA  (E~2000MeV)
- - QE, resonance, DIS
- - calorimetric energy reconstruction

- nuclei

******-beam**

- CCQE (charged-current quasi-elastic)
-  - measure muon angle and energy

- 03/05/08

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 2. Kinematic neutrino energy reconstruction

## 2. Kinematic neutrino energy reconstruction 

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 2. Kinematic neutrino energy reconstruction

- MiniBooNE (Mini-Booster Neutrino Experiment)
- status: ongoing
-  - ~800MeV
-  - spherical Cerenkov detector, filled with mineral oil
- We showed our tuned MC well describes data.
- Q2  dependence of axial vector current is controlled by axial mass, MiniBooNE obtains MA=1.23 ±0.20(GeV)

- MiniBooNE muon candidate

**MiniBooNE collabo.,PRL100(2008)032301**

## 2. Kinematic neutrino energy reconstruction 

- 2. Kinematic neutrino energy reconstruction

**Neutrino-Nucleon cross section**

- axial coupling constant (=1.2671)

- axial mass (=1.03GeV, default)

- axial vector form factor

- 03/05/08

## 2. Kinematic neutrino energy reconstruction 

- 2. Kinematic neutrino energy reconstruction

- MiniBooNE (Mini-Booster Neutrino Experiment)
- status: ongoing
-  - ~800MeV
-  - spherical Cerenkov detector, filled with mineral oil
- We showed our tuned MC well describes data.
- Q2  dependence of axial vector current is controlled by axial mass, MiniBooNE obtains MA=1.23 ±0.20(GeV)

- MiniBooNE muon candidate

- 03/05/08

**MiniBooNE collabo.,PRL100(2008)032301**

## 2. Kinematic neutrino energy reconstruction 

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 2. Kinematic neutrino energy reconstruction

- MiniBooNE (Mini-Booster Neutrino Experiment)
- status: ongoing
-  - ~800MeV
-  - spherical Cerenkov detector, filled with mineral oil
- (a),(b),(c) : equal reconstructed E lines
- (d),(e),(f)  : equal reconstructed Q2 lines
- data-MC disagreement follows equal Q2!

- MiniBooNE muon candidate

- data-MC ratio, before tuning

- data-MC ratio, after tuning

**MiniBooNE collabo.,PRL100(2008)032301**

## 2. Kinematic neutrino energy reconstruction 

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 2. Kinematic neutrino energy reconstruction

- K2K (KEK to Kamioka experiment)
- status: completed
-  - ~1.5GeV
-  - fine-grained scintillator
- Both SciFi and SciBar measure CCQE interactions,
- and  measured axial mass,

- Modern experiments, such as MiniBooNE and K2K agree well for MA, but many sigmas off from world average
- average (2001)  MA=1.03 ±0.03 (GeV)
- ~15% increase of MA increase ~10% neutrino rate!
- (nuclear effect?)

- SciFi     MA=1.20 ±0.12 (GeV) K2K collabo.,PRD74(2006)052002

- SciBar  MA=1.14 ±0.11 (GeV) K2K collabo., NuInt07

## 2. Kinematic neutrino energy reconstruction 

- SciFi     MA=1.20 ±0.12 (GeV) K2K collabo.,PRD74(2006)052002

- 03/05/08

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 2. Kinematic neutrino energy reconstruction

- K2K (KEK to Kamioka experiment)
- status: completed
-  - ~1.5GeV
-  - fine-grained scintillator
- Both SciFi and SciBar measure CCQE interactions,
- and  measured axial mass,

- Modern experiments, such as MiniBooNE and K2K agree well for MA, but many sigmas off from world average
- average (2001)  MA=1.03 ±0.03 (GeV)
- ~15% increase of MA increase ~10% neutrino rate!
- (nuclear effect?)

## 2. Non-QE rejection for kinematic energy reconstruction 

- T2K (E~800MeV)
- - quasi-elastic (QE)
- - kinematic energy reconstruction

- NOvA  (E~2000MeV)
- - QE, resonance, DIS
- - calorimetric energy reconstruction

- CCQE (charged-current quasi-elastic)
-  - measure muon angle and energy

- CC inclusive
-  - measure muon and total energy deposit

- 03/05/08

- 2. Non-QE rejection for kinematic energy reconstruction

******-beam**

- CC backgrounds (non-QE) spoils kinematic reconstruction.

- statistic error only
- (nonQE/QE)=20% (before SciBooNE)
- (nonQE/QE)=  5% (after SciBooNE)

- E?

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- (sin22)

- (m2)

## 2. Non-QE rejection for kinematic energy reconstruction

- SciBooNE (SciBar Booster Neutrino Experiment)
- status: ongoing
-  - ~800MeV
-  - fine-grained scintillator
-  - detector is recycled from K2K experiment
- Goal is to measure nonQE/QE~5% accuracy

**SciBar**

## 1. Neutrino oscillation experiments 

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 03/05/08

**1. Neutrino oscillation experiments **
**2. Neutrino energy reconstruction**
**    ****2.1 Kinematic energy reconstruction**
**    ****2.2 Calorimetric energy reconstruction**
**3. Background reactions**
**4. Conclusion **

## 2. Calorimetric neutrino energy reconstruction 

- These 2 energy scales require 2 different schemes for energy reconstruction.

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- T2K (E~800MeV)
- - quasi-elastic (QE)
- - kinematic energy reconstruction

- NOvA  (E~2000MeV)
- - QE, resonance, DIS
- - calorimetric energy reconstruction

******-beam**

- target  calorimeter   muon spectrometer

- CC inclusive
-  - measure muon and total energy deposit

- 03/05/08

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 2. Calorimetric neutrino energy reconstruction

## 2. Calorimetric neutrino energy reconstruction 

- 03/05/08

- 2. Calorimetric neutrino energy reconstruction

- MINOS (Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search)
- status: ongoing
-  - ~1-20GeV
-  - steel and scintillator
-  - magnetized for muon sign separation
- K2K/MiniBooNE CCQE will be tested here!

- MINOS collabo.

## 2. Nuclear effects for calorimetric energy reconstruction 

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- T2K (E~800MeV)
- - quasi-elastic (QE)
- - kinematic energy reconstruction

- NOvA  (E~2000MeV)
- - QE, resonance, DIS
- - calorimetric energy reconstruction

- CCQE (charged-current quasi-elastic)
-  - measure muon angle and energy

- CC inclusive
-  - measure muon and total energy deposit

- 03/05/08

- 2. Nuclear effects for calorimetric energy reconstruction

******-beam**

- Missing energy (nuclear effect) spoils calorimetric energy reconstruction

- E?

## 2. Nuclear effects for calorimetric energy reconstruction 

- 2. Nuclear effects for calorimetric energy reconstruction

- MINERvA (Main INjector ExpeRiment for v-A )
- status: approved, commissioning in 2009
-  - ~1-20GeV
-  - fine grained scintillator and calorimeter
-  - can change the nuclear targets (He, C, Fe, Pb)
- Their R&D shows studies of nuclear effects significantly reduce systematic error for m2 extraction

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 03/05/08

- MINERvA collabo.

## 1. Neutrino oscillation experiments 

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 03/05/08

**1. Neutrino oscillation experiments **
**2. Neutrino energy reconstruction**
**    ****2.1 Kinematic energy reconstruction**
**    ****2.2 Calorimetric energy reconstruction**
**3. Background reactions**
**4. Conclusion **

## 3. Background reactions 

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 3. Background reactions

- e  appearance
-  - signal of sin2213  , goal of T2K and NOvA experiments
-  - e candidate is a single isolated electron
-  - single electromagnetic shower is the potential background
-  - the notable background is Neutral current  production
- Because of kinematics, one always has the possibility to miss one gamma ray, and hence this reaction looks like signal

- MiniBooNE NCo candidate

- 

## 3. Background reactions 

- 3. Background reactions

- e  appearance
-  - signal of sin2213  , goal of T2K and NOvA experiments
-  - e candidate is a single isolated electron
-  - single electromagnetic shower is the potential background
-  - the notable background is Neutral current  production
- Because of kinematics, one always has the possibility to miss one gamma ray, and hence this reaction looks like signal

- MiniBooNE NCo candidate

- Asymmetric decay

- 

- 03/05/08

## 3. Background reactions 

- MiniBooNE
- We tuned MC to describe o distribution correctly for e appearance search.
- NCo data fit well with resonance and coherent o production MC

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 03/05/08

- 3. Background reactions

- 

- A

- Z

- A

- 

- o

- 

- 

- Coherent

- 

- N

- Z

- N

- 

- o

- 

- 

- Resonance

- 

## 3. Background reactions 

- MiniBooNE
- We tuned MC to describe o distribution correctly for e appearance search.
- NCo data fit well with resonance and coherent o production MC

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 03/05/08

- 3. Background reactions

- 

- A

- Z

- A

- 

- o

- 

- 

- Coherent

- 

- N

- Z

- N

- 

- o

- 

- 

- Resonance

- 

## 3. Background reactions 

- MiniBooNE
- We tuned MC to describe o distribution correctly for e appearance search.
- NCo data fit well with resonance and coherent o production MC

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 03/05/08

- 3. Background reactions

- SciBooNE
- Study for NCo reaction is ongoing.

- K2K
- They suggest no CC coherent + production.

## 3. Background reactions 

- If unexpected low energy excess is cross section systematics, it might be a potential background for T2K and NOvA

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 3. Background reactions

**MiniBooNE collabo., PRL98(2007)231801**

- 03/05/08

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- MINERvA
- They can measure the high energy backgrounds which other experiments are not accessible

## Thank you for your attention!

- 03/05/08

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 4. Conclusion

- Next generation oscillation experiments have 2 goals
- (1) precision measurements for m2 and sin2223 through  events
-  - Accurate neutrino energy reconstruction
- (2) e appearance measurement
-  - Careful rejection of background reactions
- Neutrino scattering experiments play crucial roles for next generation neutrino oscillation experiments

**Thank you for your attention!**

## 10. Back up

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 03/05/08

## 4. Other physics 

- High statistics data on Q2-xBj space will shed the light on resonance-DIS transition region

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 03/05/08

- 4. Other physics

- MINOS
- Total cross section measurement, normalized to world average at high energy

- SciBooNE
- NC elastic scattering events have information of strange quark spin in nucleon

- BNL-E734(neutrino)
- s~ -0.2

- EMC(IDIS) s~ -0.1
- HERMES(SIDIS) s~ 0.03

## 4. Astrophysics 

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 03/05/08

- 4. Astrophysics

- NuSNS (Neutrinos at the SNS)
- Coherent scattering cross section with both light and heavy nuclei are the important input for supernova explosion simulation

- SNS (Spallation Neutron Source)

- NuSNS heavy element target (Al, Fe, Pb)

## 4. Short baseline oscillation experiment   

- 4. Short baseline oscillation experiment

- Magnetic horn

- SciBooNE detector

- MiniBooNE detector

- Teppei Katori, Indiana University

- 03/05/08

- SciBooNE/MiniBooNE combined oscillation experiment