# Presentation: 153386

## e-Navigation: The way ahead for the maritime sector

- Dr Sally Basker, Trinity House
- CGSIC September 2005
- Version 1.0

- Dr Sally BaskerRadionavigation Strategy DirectorTrinity House, Tower Hill, London, EC3N 4DH, UKT:  +44 20 7481 6947, M:  +44 77 7033 4609F:  +44 20 7480 7662, E:  sally.basker@thls.org

- Version 1.0

- 13 September 2005

## Contents

- The General Lighthouse Authorities
- e-Navigation Background & Motivation
- Maintaining Safety
- Delivering Benefits to the Mariner
- The Way Forward

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## The General Lighthouse Authorities

- The three GLAs have the Statutory Responsibility for the provision of marine Aids to Navigation around the British Isles
- The Corporation of Trinity House (founded in 1514) is responsible for England, Wales, the Channel Islands and adjacent waters
- The Northern Lighthouse Board (founded in 1786) is responsible for Scotland and the Isle of Man
- The Commissioners of Irish Lights (founded in 1867) is responsible for Ireland)
- The three GLAs are funded by Light Dues paid by shipping that are paid into a central General Lighthouse Fund
- The GLF is administered by the UK Department of Transport
- The Light Dues have decreased significantly in real-terms during the last decade as a result of a drive to be more cost-effective
- The Tri-GLA Research & Development Team has been established as a central resource to support R&D in a number of areas including Radionavigation and Lights

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## e-Navigation is intended to make safe navigation easier and cheaper

- e-Navigation is the transmission, manipulation and display of navigational information in electronic formats to support port-to-port operations
- It is needed
- to minimise navigational errors, incidents and accidents;
- to protect people, the marine environment and resources;
- to improve security;
- to reduce costs for shipping and coastal states; and
- to deliver benefits for the commercial shipping industry
- It can be delivered
- using satellite positioning signals underpinned by fail-safe supplementary position signals (e.g. Loran-C)
- displayed in an intelligible and comprehensively integrated format (ECDIS) on board ship and replicated on shore with shore-based monitoring and intervention capability

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## e-Navigation comprises a number of structural components	

- Accurate, comprehensive and up-to-date electronic navigation charts
- Accurate and reliable electronic positioning signals with fail-safe redundancy based on the combined use of satellite and terrestrial radionavigation services
- Information on vessel route, bearing, manoeuvring parameters and other status items in electronic format
- Transmission of positional and navigational information ship to shore, shore to ship and ship to ship
- Clear, integrated display of above information on board ship and ashore
- Information prioritisation and alert capability in risk situations on ship and ashore

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## A physical AtoN backbone will always be needed to provide a reversionary capability

- The future e-Navigation environment will rely heavily on GNSS for both its navigation and surveillance functions
- potential single point of failure
- GNSS vulnerabilities have been well-documented, including
- Volpe Report on GPS Vulnerability (2001)
- Helios Technology,  European Union Radionavigation Plan
- Benshoof. *Civilian GPS systems and potential vulnerabilities*.  CGSIC, Prague, March 2005
- The likelihood of jamming or interference may rise
- terrorism
- GNSS used for road-user charging
- The UK’s policy encapsulated in the GLA’s “2020 The Vision” document recognises this vulnerability and realises the need for diverse and integrated mix of radionavigation and physical AtoNs

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## Reverting from e-Navigation to physical AtoNs is likely to become less straightforward as time progresses

- e-Navigation systems will be designed with high levels of availability and reliability to support one-man-bridge and other innovative operations
- Reverting from e-Navigation to physical AtoNs will become progressively more difficult
- “democratisation” of positioning and navigation from the skill-based professional, through the process-driven technical, to the product-driven mass market
- fewer skilled professionals working in a more demanding operational environment with faster ships etc will be less able to respond to the unplanned and unexpected outage
- Under some circumstances navigational safety might actually *worsen*

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## Loran is needed to realise the full benefits of e-Navigation and to deliver the radionavigation dividend to users

- The *radionavigation dividend* - cost-savings that result from the introduction of radionavigation services and their take-up in the maritime sector
- Maximising the radionavigation dividend will rely on
- The availability of radionavigation services that complement GNSS
- Take-up of e-Navigation across the fleet

**GNSS: GPS & Galileo**

**Physical AtoNs**

**Loran**

**Physical AtoNs**

**Total Cost of AtoN Mix**

**Scenario 1**

**Scenario 2**

**GNSS: GPS & Galileo**

**Illustrative**

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## The GLAs will manage significant change and focus on delivering a cost-effective AtoN mix with due regard to safety and risk

- In a safety-critical environment we want respond to and to manage expected change to allow AtoN service  providers and users to plan their long-term investment
- changing operations including high-speed and larger vessels and new traffic patterns
- new technology including new radionavigation systems, signals and services
- the changing environment including coastal infrastructure and climate
- the evolving user-base with a wide range of competencies
- the changing business environment
- Our emphasis is on delivering a cost-effective AtoN mix to support e-Navigation with due regard to safety and risk

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## The Way Ahead

- The GLAs will continue to assess how best to integrate radionavigation services into the AtoN mix
- to ensure that technology development is driven operationally by user requirements
- to plan actively for significant change in the radionavigation domain (new systems, signals and services)
- to manage the long-term investment process for the GLAs and users
- In parallel the GLAs will continue to work with colleagues in international fora to pursue global interoperability and harmonisation

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## 	Dr Sally Basker

	Radionavigation Strategy Director
	Trinity House, Tower Hill, London, EC3N 4DH, UK
	T: +44-20-7481-6947, M: +44-77-7703-4609, F: +44-20-7480-7662
	E: sally.basker@thls.org

**	****Radionavigation Strategy Director**
**	****Trinity House, Tower Hill, London, EC3N 4DH, UK**
**	****T: +44-20-7481-6947, M: +44-77-7703-4609, F: +44-20-7480-7662**
**	****E: sally.basker@thls.org**

- The General Lighthouse Authorities of the United Kingdom and Ireland

- Version 1.0

- 13 September 2005