# Presentation: 473757

## Proton Driver Plans at SMTF/Meson

**Bill Foster**
**SMTF Collaboration Meeting**
**  **
**Oct 05, 2005**

## Outline

**Proton Driver Goals at SMTF / Meson**
**Collaborations:   ongoing & prospective **
**Hardware Status**
**Recent External Review:**
**  ****http://www.fnal.gov/directorate/DirReviews/Dir'sRev_TechnicalReviewoftheProtonDriver_0315.html**
**Project Site:  http://protondriver.fnal.gov**

## TESLA LINAC

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- Modulator

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- Modulator

- 36 Cavites / Klystron

**TESLA LINAC**

*8 Klystrons*
*288 Cavities in 36 Cryomodules *

- 1300 MHz  β=1

**β****<1**** TESLA LINAC**

*2 Klystrons*
*96 Elliptical Cavities*
*12 Cryomodules** *

- 1300 MHz     0.1-1.2 GeV

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- Modulator

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- Modulator

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- Modulator

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- Modulator

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- Modulator

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- β=1

- Modulator

- 10 MW
- TESLA
- Multi-Beam
- Klystrons

- 48 Cavites / Klystron

- β=.81

- Modulator

- β=.81

- β=.81

- β=.81

- β=.81

- β=.81

- 8 Cavites / Cryomodule

**0.5 MW Initial **
**8 GeV Linac**

- 11  Klystrons  (2 types)
- 449 Cavities
- 51  Cryomodules

**“****PULSED RIA”**
- Front End Linac
- 325 MHz
- 0-110 MeV

- H-

- RFQ

- MEBT

- RTSR

- SSR

- DSR

- Single
- 3 MW
- JPARC
- Klystron

- Multi-Cavity Fanout at 10 - 50 kW/cavity
- Phase and Amplitude Control w/ Ferrite Tuners

- DSR

- Modulator

**10 MW**
**TESLA**
**Klystrons**

## Proton Driver SMTF Goals

- Extend TESLA-style RF split to Proton Linacs
- Drive Linac up to 110 MeV with _*single klystron*_
- Beam test of fast Ferrite Vector Modulators -* key for Proton Driver*
- Challenging Mix of Copper and SCRF loads for LLRF
- Transition to Superconducting RF at 10 MeV
- Much lower than e.g. SNS - 186 MeV
- First beam test of SCRF Spoke Resonators
- Transverse Focusing with Superconducting Solenoids
- Axisymmetric beams from 2.5 MeV RFQ to 110 MeV
- Better emittance growth & Halo properties predicted
- Reduce downstream mitigation costs for PD Project
- Prototype a suite of “ILC-compatible” beta<1 cavites and resonators
- Prototype Next-Generation “Bouncer” Modulators (1.54.5 msec)
- 3 msec pulse width tests for Klystrons and SCRF *(****cheaper ILC)*
- Actually make a 300 MHz bunch-by-bunch chopper work
- Collaboration with CERN (SPL)
- One 1300 MHz β=1 Cryomodule with phase shifters (beam test)

- G.W. Foster SMTF Status -  29 Apr 05

## Slide 5

## Proton Driver Active Collaborations(that have actually exchanged hardware, money, drawings, etc)

- ANL  (two weekly meetings & parallel worker contacts, grad student...)
- 1,2,3-Spoke Cavity Design & Prototype
- Spoke Test Cryostats (two copies, one for ANL & one for Meson Lab)
- 325 MHz high power RF couplers
- Design of 10-cavity cryomodules
- Accelerator Physics Design
- RFQ & Warm Front End Design
- High-Power Tests of 325 MHz Ferrite Vector Modulators
- MSU (& Jlab)
- Low-loss beta=0.81 Design & Prototype  (starting with 1-cell single-crystal)
- SLAC
- Ongoing: Construction of Redundant IGBT switches & control for 2 modulators
- Evaluation of alternative modulator designs (e.g. SLAC Marx) for Proton Driver
- CERN & RAL
- Fast 325 MHz bunch-by-bunch chopper (collaboration with RAL FETS: 324 MHz chopper)
- Fast, High rep-rate Electronic Pulser is main effort (Kentech; Robyn Madrak)
- SNS
- H- Ion Source Tests; collaboration on source & foil upgrades?
- Front End Construction Drawings (from LBL)

## Proton Driver Prospective Collaborations(partial list; more discussions this week?)

- LBNL
- Various;  wide ranging & interesting proposal received
- BNL
- Various (mostly non-SCRF) aspects of Proton Driver & neutrino?
- DESY: H- Source Design
- preferred option at present; long-pulse test pending
- NIU
- Instrumentation for front end beam tests @ meson lab
- JPARC / KEK
- 325 MHz RFQ / Front end construction drawings; make vs. buy pending
- LANL
- HV / Klystron Modulator Components
- LEDA beam analysis equipment  SMTF Proton Driver Front End?
- INDIA, Beijing SNS [?]  interest in machines built with 325 MHz “ILC-Compatible” parts
*NEED SERIOUS DISCUSSION OF PROTON DRIVER LINAC AS DEMONSTRATION MACHINE / STEPPING STONE TO ILC*

## 325 MHzFront-EndLinac

- 325 MHzFront-EndLinac

- 325 MHz Klystron – Toshiba E3740A  (JPARC)

- 115kV Pulse Transformer

**Modulator**
- Capacitor / Switch / Bouncer

- Charging
- Supply

- RFQ

- MEBT

- SCRF Spoke
- Resonator
- Cryomodules

- RF
- Distribution
- Waveguide

- Ferrite
- Tuners

- Single Klystron
- Feeds SCRF Linac
- to E > 100 MeV

- Proton Driver Front End Test
- In Meson Lab

## First Cut at a realistic SMTF/Meson Schedule (R. Webber & G. Apollinari)

***Definition and Approximate Schedule of Phases of Activity at the Meson Detector Building Related to Proton Driver Interests***
**Phase 1 – Capture Cavity Testing – ~ September ’05 thru January ‘06**
- RF power tests of the 3.9 GHz superconducting capture cavity using the “small” klystron/modulator RF system located in the SW corner of the High Power Test Facility area in the Meson Detector Building (MDB). The capture cavity will be located in the “cave” that now (8/4/05) exists in MDB.
**Phase 2 – 325 MHz RF Power System Installation and Commissioning ~ January ’06 thru February ’06**
- 325MHz klystron, modulator, pulse transformer, and waveguide components are installed and commissioned to power dummy load.
**Phase 3 – 325 MHz Component Testing ~ March ’06 thru June ’06 **
- Commission 325 MHz test cryostat in capture cavity cave (unless the NW cave is ready) and possibly do tests of ‘spare ANL’ superconducting cavity.
- 325 MHz RF power testing of high power phase shifters, power couplers, etc. in component test area. ~ March ’06 thru indefinite
**Phase 4 – Proton Driver Cave Construction ~ June ’06 (or sooner if capture cavity cave activities [capture cavity/325 test cryostat] have ended)**
- This phase installs the proton driver cave and outfits it with basic utilities and infrastructure, e.g. power, lights, water, etc. as a prelude to beginning installation of RF distribution and accelerator components.  Installation and commissioning of control system infrastructure in support of Phase 5 must begin.
**Phase 5 – Installation and commissioning of ion source, RFQ, warm linac support structure, and section(s) of RF distribution system. ~ August ’06 thru October ‘06**
- By the end of this phase the possibility to accelerate beam (H+ or H-?) to 2.5MeV will exist; need radiation safety clearances. Need moderate controls, LLRF, and interlock systems functionality.
**Phase 6 – Installation of MEBT and Warm Linac Cavities ~ January ’07 thru March ‘07**
- All activities required to commence 15Mev beam operation. Need extensive controls, LLRF, and interlock functionality.
**Phase 7 – 15MeV Beam Operations ~April ’07 thru May ‘07**
- Establish and measure beam parameters for injection into superconducting linac.
**Phase 8 – Single Spoke Resonator Installation and Commissioning ~July ’07 thru September ‘07**
- Need full controls, LLRF, and interlock functionality for complex system including warm and superconducting RF.
**Phase 9 – Double Spoke Resonator Installation and Commissioning ~ January ‘08**

## Room-Temperature Front Endfor Proton Driver at SMTF / Meson

- Room-Temperature Front Endfor Proton Driver at SMTF / Meson

- H-  Ion
- Source

- RFQ

- Alignment Rails for Beam Experiments

- Superconducting
- Solenoids

- Room Temp
- Spoke (C-H)
- Resonators

- 2-Phase LHe
- Distribution
- Header

## RFQ

**RFQ accelerates H****-**** from 0.065 to 3 MeV , Ip –up to 28 mA**
** **

** ****Now RFQs are standard devices  for proton machines. There are good designs (****J-PARC****, SNS) and we can copy appropriate**

** ****Our additional requirement **
**for RFQ beam dynamics design**
**is ****axisymmetric ****output beam **
**to reduce halo formation in **
**MEBT and RT TSR section. (P.Ostroumov’s proposal).**
**MAKE-vs.-BUY**
**Decision in next ~1 month**

- J-PARC 30 mA RFQ

**technical solutions.**

## 325 MHz Spoke Resonators

**Well Developed Technology for RIA, APT,...**
**Simulations indicate excellent beam dynamics**
**	******** ****Never yet tested with beam**
**Runs Pool-Boiling at 4.5K – Simple Cryosystem**
**R&D Demonstration (SMTF):  **
**	******** ****beam properties with pulsed operation.**

## Spoke Collaboration w/ANL

**Frequency-scaled designs 345 MHz ******** 325 MHz**
**Optimization of design**
- Good progress: ~30% improvement in Eacc/Bpeak, Epeak
**Characterize for Pulsed Operation (grad student)**
**High-power 325 MHz RF coupler**
**Prototype Efforts**
- Flexible Test Cryostats ASAP
- 1-Spoke  proto 2005, cryomodule w/beam 2006
- 2-Spoke  2006
- 3-Spoke 2007 *(depends on elliptical vs. spoke choice)*

## Spoke Test Cryostat (ANL Collab)

## Original Beta<1 cavities are frequency scaled from             805 MHz designs for SNS/JLAB and RIA/MSU/JLAB
“Low-Loss” beta=0.81 cavity design & prototype program starting (MoU)
Point Collaboration with MSU (& Jlab?)
Spokes-vs-elliptical technology choice for 100-400 MeV

**“****Low-Loss” beta=0.81 cavity design & prototype program starting (MoU)**
**Point Collaboration with MSU (& Jlab?)**
**Spokes-vs-elliptical technology choice for 100-400 MeV**

- Beta < 1 1300 MHz Elliptical Cavites

## Proton Driver Klystrons – 2 Types

- Toshiba E3740A
- 325 MHz    3 MW
**(17 Delivered for JPARC**
**...****we’ve ordered one... )**

- Thales TH1801
- 1300 MHz
- 10 MW
- (~ 3 Vendors)

## Toshiba 325 MHz Klystron Delivery Schedule

- Delivery Feb’06, Commissioning March’06

## 3.25 m

- 0.52

- 1.33 m

**DESY Developing Side-Mount Multi-Beam Klystron**
- Big impact on Civil Design (PD needs decision Jan ’06)
- Increases pressure for compact modulator

-  will this be available from all 3 vendors?
-  Common spec for: XFEL, ILC, PD?
-  Role for SMTF or TTC in coordinating Spec?

## 325 MHz RF System

- M

- Pulse Transformer& Oil Tank

- IGBT Switch & Bouncer

- CAP
- BANK

- 10 kV

- 110 kV

- Charging
- Supply
- 300kW

**MODULATOR:**  FNAL/TTF Reconfigurable for 1,2 or 3 msec beam pulse

**Single**
**JPARC **
**Klystron**
**325MHz**
**3 MW**

- WR2300 Distribution Waveguide

- TOSHIBA  E3740A

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- E

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- B

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- T

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- R F Q

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- Cables to
-  Tunnel

- Fast Ferrite
- Isolated I/Q Modulators

- RF Couplers

- S

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- S

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- R

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- S

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- S

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- R

**I**
**Q**
**M**

**400kW**

**20 kW**

- D

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- S

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- R

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- D

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- S

**I**
**Q**
**M**

- R

**I**
**Q**
**M**

**120 kW**

**10kV**

**H-**

- Medium Energy
- Beam Transport
- Copper Cavities

**Radio Frequency**
**Quadrupole**

**Cryomodule #1              Single-Spoke**
**Resonators**

**Cryomodule #2 Double-Spoke**
**Resonators**

**20 kW**

## Two Design Points for 8 GeV Linac

_**Initial:**_**  0.5 MW Linac Beam Power   ****(BASELINE)**
- 8.3 mA  x 3 msec  x 2.5 Hz  x 8 GeV = 0.5 MW
*Twelve Klystrons Required           **	*
_**Ultimate:**_**  2 MW Linac Beam Power**
- 25 mA  x 1 msec  x 10 Hz  x 8 GeV = 2.0 MW
*33 Klystrons Required*
_***Either Option Supports***_***: ***
***1.5E14  x 0.7 Hz  x 120 GeV ***
***= ******2 MW  Beam Power from Fermilab Main Injector***

## Reconfigurable Klystron Modulators

- Pulse Transformer& Oil Tank

- IGBT Switch & Bouncer

- CAP
- BANK

- 10 kV

- 115 kV

- Charging
- Supply
- 300kW

**4.5 msec**
**x 2.5 Hz**

**Klystron**
- 1300 MHz TESLA MBK
- or 325MHz JPARC

**10kV**

- Pulse Transformer& Oil Tank

**IGBT**
**Switch **
**&**
** ****Bouncer**

- CAP
- BANK

- 10 kV

- 115 kV

- Charging
- Supply
- 300kW

**Klystron**
- 1300 MHz TESLA MBK
- or 325MHz JPARC

**10kV**

- Pulse Transformer& Oil Tank

**IGBT Switch **
**&  Bouncer**

- CAP BANK

- 10 kV

- 115 kV

- Charging
- Supply
- 300kW

**Klystron**
- 1300 MHz TESLA MBK
- or 325MHz JPARC

**10kV**

**3 msec**
**x 5 Hz**

**1.5 msec**
**x 10 Hz**

- Reconfigure   & add new modulators for 3, 2, or 1 msec beam pulse widths for upgrade scenarios

- Modulators can be reconfigured & parts re-used for RF power upgrade scenarios

## LANL / SNSHV Connector for 325 MHz Klystron

## SLAC Modulator IGBT Switch Collaboration

- SLAC building Modulator Switches for both 1300 MHz (ILC) and 325 MHz (PD) modulators
- SLAC / FNAL collaboration on modulator cost models

## Energy Stability & Resonance Control

**RF Control **_**per cavity**_** needed for Proton Linac**
**Linac Energy Stability Specification:**
- Momentum acceptance at MI injection:   >  +/- 50 MeV
- Transition Crossing:   +/-15 MeV   Driving Spec
**Resonance Control Drives Specs for Fast Ferrite Vector Modulators  (response time)**
- M. Huening’s Simulations   200 usec marginally OK
- Prototypes being designed for 30-50 usec response
- Believe present specs for phase shifters = overkill
**Simulations,  FPGA based LLRF,  & Beams at SMTF will be key**

## RF Fan-out for 8 GeV Linac

## High Power Test at FNAL

- A0 1300 MHz Klystron
- T = 250 μsec
- F = 5 Hz

**Existing A0 interface was used for testing**

## 1300 MHz High Power Test

- Two methods of phase measurements:
- Oscilloscope measurements
- Using available IQ modulator

- Available phase zone is limited by sparking that develops near the resonance frequencies

- Max Power - 2000 kW (req. 600 kW)
- Phase shift -  ~ 80°       (req. 90° )

- SF6 added

## Coaxial Phase Shifter

- Coax design  is preferred
-   at 325MHz
-  In-house design   tested to 660kW  at 1300 MHz
-  Tested at 250 kW  at Argonne with APS 352MHz Klystron
-  Fast coil and flux  return should  respond in ~50us

## System Design with Ferrite Vector Modulators

**300 KHz – 1 MHz Switching Power Supply for Drive Coil**
**Mechanics Similar to Corrector Power Supplies**
- Bulk supply with 24 switching Units (12 cavities)
**Direct Drive of H-bridge from Resonance control FPGA**
- Decision to Ramp the ferrite bias current up or down made by FPGA every ~1 usec

## PD as Stepping Stone to ILC

**FY08 - FY12:  ~$100 M/yr  PD/ILC facility **
- Mostly redirected, hope for some new money
- Key milestone: factory capable of 1 CM/month by 2008
**FY12 --  start of US-ILC construction**
- U.S. $500M/yr not unreasonable following successful completion of $500M SCRF Proton Driver project
*Could be important role for SMTF collaboration in coordinating the “Direct vs. Stepping Stone” paths to the ILC.*

- PD Main Linac =? ILC Test Faclity