# Presentation: 630017

## Chemistry in 

***Director, Office of Basic Energy Sciences***
***Office of Science***
***U.S. Department of Energy***
***20 April 2004***
***American Chemical Society***

***Chemistry in ***
***DOE’s Office of Science***

***http://www.science.doe.gov/***

## The $3.5 billion Office of Science (SC) is the primary source of U.S. support for the physical sciences.

- Provides over 40% of federal support to the physical sciences (e.g. 90% of high energy and nuclear physics, >1/2 of catalysis, 1/4 of nanoscience)
- Provides sole support to select sub-fields (e.g. heavy element chemistry)
- Manages long term, high risk, multidisciplinary science programs to support DOE missions
- Directly supports the research of 15,000 PhDs, postdocs, and graduate students
**SC constructs and operates large scientific facilities for the broad U.S. scientific community.**
- Particle accelerators, light sources & neutron sources, nanotechnology research centers, and other specialized facilities are used by more than 19,000 researchers every year based on peer reviewed proposals.  About half of the users come from the university community.

## Department of Energy Organization

***Department of Energy Organization***

**FE**

**EM**

**SC**

**RW**

**DP**

**EE/RE**

**NE**

**NN**

## DOE’s Office of Science

***DOE’s Office of Science***

**Office of Advanced**
**Scientific**
**Computing Res.**
**Associate Director**
**C. Edward Oliver**

**Office of Basic**
**Energy Sciences**
**Associate Director**
**Patricia Dehmer**

**Office of Fusion**
**Energy Sciences**
**Associate Director**
**N. Anne Davies**

**Office of High**
**Energy Physics**
**Associate Director**
**Robin Staffin**

**Office of **
**Nuclear Physics**
**Associate Director**
**Dennis Kovar**

**Office of **
**Biological and **
**Environmental Res**
**Associate Director**
**Aristides Patrinos**

***BES***

**Director****Raymond L. Orbach**
**Principal Deputy Director****James F. Decker**
**Deputy Director for Operations****Milton D. Johnson**
** ****Chief of Staff ****Jeff Salmon**

**BES (most of chemistry in SC is here)**

***... ******is one of the Nation's largest sponsors of basic research, with a budget of ~$1B;***
***... ******supports research in ~150 academic institutions and 13 DOE laboratories;***
***... ******supports world-class scientific user facilities; and***
***... ******is uniquely responsible in the Federal government for supporting fundamental research in materials sciences, chemistry, geosciences, and aspects of biosciences related to energy resources, production, conversion, efficiency, and use.***

**BER (some chemistry is here, too)**

## Office of Science Major Research AreasChemistry topics shown in color

***Chemical Sciences***

***Chemical Sciences***

- 

**Analytical Chemistry**

- 

**Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics**

- 

**Advanced Batteries & Fuel Cells**

- 

**Chemical Kinetics**

- 

**Chemical Physics**

- 

**Catalysis **

**-**

**Homogeneous and **

**Heterogeneous Phase**

- 

**Combustion Dynamics**

- 

**Electrochemistry**

- 

**Heavy Element Chemistry**

- 

**Interfacial Chemistry**

- 

**Organometallic**

**Chemistry**

- 

**Photochemistry**

- 

**Photosynthetic Mechanisms**

- 

**Radiation Effects**

- 

**Separations Science**

- 

**Solar Energy Conversion**

- 

**Theory, Modeling, & Computer Simulation**

- 

**Thermophysical**

**Properties**

***Biosciences***

***Biosciences***

- 

**Bioenergetics**

- 

**Biomaterials and **

**Biocatalysis**

- 

**Photosynthetic Mechanisms**

- 

**Plant and Microbial Sciences**

- 

**Plant Genomics**

***Physics***

***Physics***

- 

**High Energy and Particle Physics**

- 

**Heavy Ion & Medium Energy Nuclear **

**Physics**

- 

**Accelerator and Detector R&D**

- 

**Particle Astrophysics**

- 

**Physics Theory**

- 

**Plasma Physics**

- 

**Advanced Fusion Designs & Specialized **

**Materials**

***Condensed Matter and Materials Physics***

- 

**Catalysis**

- 

**Ceramics**

- 

**Condensed Matter Physics**

- 

**Corrosion**

- 

**Electronic Properties of Materials**

- 

**Experimental Techniques & Instrument **

**Devel**

**.**

- 

**Intermetallic**

**Alloys**

- 

**Magnetism and Magnetic Materials**

- 

**Materials Physics and Chemistry**

- 

**Mechanical and Physical Behavior**

- 

**Metallic Glasses**

- 

**Metallurgy, Metal Forming, Welding & Joining**

- 

**Neutron and Photon Scattering**

- 

**Nondestructive Evaluation**

- 

**Photovoltaics**

- 

**Polymer Science**

- 

**Radiation Effects**

- 

**Solid Dynamics**

- 

**Structural Characterization**

- 

**Superconductivity**

- 

**Surface Science**

- 

**Synthesis and Processing Science**

- 

**Theory, Modeling, & Computer Simulation**

***Geosciences***

***Geosciences***

- 

**Geochemistry of Mineral**

**-**

**fluid Interactions**

- 

**Geophysical Interrogation of Earth’s Crust**

- 

**Rock**

**-**

**fluid Dynamics**

***Life Sciences***

***Life Sciences***

- 

**Human Genome**

- 

**Structural Biology**

- 

**Microbial Genome**

- 

**Low Dose Radiation Research**

- 

**Functional Genomics**

- 

**Human Subjects in Research**

- 

**Structural Biology Facilities**

- 

**Genome Instrumentation**

- 

**Computational & Structural Biology**

***Medical Sciences***

***Medical Sciences***

- 

**Molecular Radiopharmaceutical Development**

- 

**Boron Neutron Capture Therapy**

- 

**Molecular Nuclear Medical Imaging**

- 

**Imaging Gene Expression**

- 

**Biomedical Engineering**

***Environmental Sciences***

***Environmental Sciences***

- 

**Decade to Century Climate Modeling **

- 

**Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM)**

- 

**Atmospheric Science & Chemistry**

- 

**Carbon Cycle Research**

- 

**Ocean Sciences**

- 

**Ecosystem Function and Response**

- 

**Information & Integration**

- 

**Integrated Assessment of Climate Change**

- 

**Bioremediation of Metals & **

**Radionuclides**

- 

**Environmental Molecular Sciences Lab**

***Mathematics and Advanced Computing***

***Mathematics and Advanced Computing***

- 

**Linear Algebra Libraries**

- 

**Scientific Computing & Network **

**Testbeds**

- 

**Advanced Computer Science**

- 

**Applied Mathematics**

- 

**Advanced Computing Facilities**

- 

**Advanced Computing Software and **

**Collaboratory**

**Tools**

- 

**BES **

**-**

**Basic Energy Sciences**

- 

**HENP **

**-**

**High Energy/Nuclear Physics/Fusion**

- 

**BER **

**-**

**Biological & Environmental Research**

- 

**ASCR **

**-**

**Advanced Scientific Computing **

**Res**

- 

**Biomolecular Materials**

## ACS Technical Divisions

**Agricultural & Food Chemistry**
**Agrochemicals**
**Analytical Chemistry**
**Biochemical Technology**
**Biological Chemistry**
**Business Development & Management**
**Carbohydrate Chemistry**
**Cellulose, Paper & Textile**
**Chemical Education**
**Chemical Health & Safety**
**Chemical Information**
**Chemical Technicians**
**Chemical Toxicology**
**Chemistry & the Law**
**Colloid & Surface Chemistry**
**Computers in Chemistry**
**Environmental Chemistry**
**Fertilizer & Soil Chemistry**
**Fluorine Chemistry**
**Fuel Chemistry**
**Geochemistry**
**History of Chemistry**
**Industrial & Engineering Chemistry**
**Laboratory Automation**
**Inorganic Chemistry**
**Medicinal Chemistry**
**Nuclear Chemistry & Technology**
**Organic Chemistry**
**Petroleum Chemistry**
**Physical Chemistry**
**Polymer Chemistry**
**Polymeric Materials: Science & Engineering**
**Professional Relations**
**Rubber**
**Small Chemical Businesses**

**Topics addressed by DOE’s Office of Science**

## The Office of Science FY 05 Budget Request

***The Office of Science FY 05 Budget Request***

***Office of Science***

***U.S. Department of Energy***

## BES Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division

**AMO Science**

**Chemical Physics**

**Photochemistry & Radiation Research**

**Energy**
**Biosciences**

**Catalysis & Chemical**
** ****Transformations**

**Separations & Analysis**

**Heavy Element Chemistry**

**Geosciences**

**Chemical Energy **
**& Chemical Engineering**

**GPP**

**GPE**

**Facilities**

**SBIR**

**Budget ****~ $220M**

## BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES -- Serving the Present, Shaping the Future

***Science that addresses the DOE mission******and the importance of basic research in chemistry***

## Basic Research for a Secure Energy Future

**Fossil Carbon Energy Sources**

**Non-Carbon Energy Sources**

**Carbon Recycle**

**CO****2**** Sequestration**

**Energy Consumption**

**Coal**

**Petroleum**

**Natural Gas**

**Oil shale, tar sands, hydrates,... **

**Nuclear Fission**

**Nuclear Fusion**

**Hydroelectric**

**Solar**

**Geothermal**

**Hydrogen **

**Wind**

**Natural **

**Synthetic**

**Transportation **

**Buildings **

**Industrial**

**Geologic **

**Terrestrial **

**Ocean**

**Conservation and Efficiency**

**Global Climate Change Science**

**Policy**

**Basic Research for a Secure Energy Future**
**Supply, End Use, and Carbon Management**

## The Energy Problem

**Fossil fuels provide about 85% of the world’s energy.  Although reserves are adequate for the next 50 to 100 years, there are two reasons to seek alternative energy sources now:**
***The largest reserves of one of the most important fossil fuels, petroleum, reside outside the U.S. in politically unstable regions of the world.***
***The production and release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere pose the risk of global warming.***
**All of the alternatives to fossil fuels, even when summed together, today make at best marginal contributions to energy production. **
**The BESAC report highlighted 37 proposed research directions, most of which already were represented in the BES portfolio of activities**

**Workshop: October 21-25, 2002**
**Report: March 2003**
**Dr. John Stringer, EPRI, Chair**
**Dr. Linda Horton, ORNL, Co-Chair**

## Basic Research Needs for the Hydrogen Economy

**Production: 9M tons  ********  40M tons (vehicles)**
**Storage: 4.4 MJ/L (10K psi gas) ******** 9.72 MJ/L**
**Fuel cells: $3,000/kW ****** **$35/kW (gasoline engine)**
**Major R&D efforts will be required:**
**Simple improvements of today’s technologies will not meet requirements**
**Technical barriers can be overcome only with high risk/high payoff basic research**

***Basic Research Needs for the Hydrogen Economy***

**Workshop: May 13-15, 2003**
**Report: Summer 2003**
**This was the first comprehensive study devoted entirely to the basic research needs associated with a future hydrogen economy.**

## Workshop Chair: 	Millie Dresselhaus 	(MIT)
Associate Chairs:	George Crabtree	(ANL)
		Michelle Buchanan	(ORNL)

**Associate Chairs:****	****George Crabtree****	****(ANL)**
**	****	****Michelle Buchanan****	****(ORNL)**

***Basic Research for Hydrogen Production, Storage, and Use******May 13-15, 2003***

*Charge:**  To identify fundamental research needs and opportunities in hydrogen production, storage, and use, with a focus on new, emerging and scientifically challenging areas that have the potential to have significant impact in science and technologies.  Highlighted areas will include improved and new materials and processes for hydrogen generation and storage, and for future generations of fuel cells for effective energy conversion. *

**Workshop Plenary Session Speakers:**
**	****Steve Chalk **(DOE-EERE) -- overview
**	****George Thomas **(SNL-CA) -- storage
**	****Scott Jorgensen **(GM) -- storage
**	****Jae Edmonds **(PNNL) -- environmental
**	****Jay Keller **(SNL-CA) – hydrogen safety

**Breakout Sessions:**
**	****Hydrogen Production **
- 		Tom Mallouk, PSU & Laurie Mets, U. Chicago
**	****Hydrogen Storage and Distribution*****  ***
- 		Kathy Taylor, GM (retired) & Puru Jena, VCU
**	****Fuel Cells and Novel Fuel Cell Materials***** ***** **
- 		Frank DiSalvo, Cornell & Tom Zawodzinski, CWRU

**Pre-Workshop Briefings by EERE:**
**	****Hydrogen Storage****	****JoAnn Milliken **
**	****Fuel Cells ****	****Nancy Garland**
**	****Hydrogen Production****	****Mark Paster**

## Planned BES Solicitation for Basic Research inSupport of the President’s Hydrogen Fuel Initiative

**Separate solicitations for universities and FFRDCs are planned to be issued in May 2004.  **_***Preapplications are required***_***.*****  Tentative timeline: **
**	****July 15, 2004****	****Preapplications due**
**	****September 1, 2004****	****Decisions on preapplications sent to PIs**
**	****January 1, 2005****	****Full proposals due**
**	****June - July 2005****	****Awards made**
**The solicitation will request preapplications ****for innovative basic research proposals to establish the scientific basis that underpins the physical, chemical, and biological processes governing the interaction of hydrogen with materials.**
**Five high-priority research directions will be the focus of the solicitations: **
**Novel Materials for Hydrogen Storage**
**Membranes for Separation, Purification, and Ion Transport**
**Design of Catalysts at the Nanoscale**
**Solar Hydrogen Production **
**Bio-Inspired Materials and Processes**
**The distribution of funds between universities and FFRDCs awards and among the five focus areas will depend on the outcomes of the merit review process (****http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/peerreview.html).**

***Planned BES Solicitation for Basic Research in******Support of the President’s Hydrogen Fuel Initiative***

- http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/hydrogen.pdf

***All five high priority research directions will rely heavily on fundamental research in chemistry***

## Slide 15

## DOE
Hydrogen Posture Plan - EERE, FE, NE, SC
Assisted in EERE Hydrogen Storage Grand Challenge solicitation and proposal review
Assisted in EERE Hydrogen Production solicitation and proposal review
Will Coordinate with EERE, NE, FE on BES Hydrogen solicitation and proposal review

OSTP Hydrogen R&D Task Force Group 
Participation by DOC, DOD, DOE, DOT, DOS, CIA, EPA, NASA, NIST, NSF, USDA
Developed Taxonomy of Research Directions to facilitate interagency coordination
Lead “Fundamental Research” subgroup to develop 10-year interagency coordination plans

International Hydrogen Activities
Participated in multi-lateral and bi-lateral Hydrogen Meetings- IPHE, US/European Commission, US/Canada, US/India, US/United Kingdom, IEA Hydrogen Coordination Group 
Topics of Discussion: Hydrogen Production, Carbon Sequestration, Storage, Delivery, Fuel Cells, Codes and Standards, Economic/Cost Modeling

**DOE**
**Hydrogen Posture Plan - EERE, FE, NE, SC**
**Assisted in EERE Hydrogen Storage Grand Challenge solicitation and proposal review**
**Assisted in EERE Hydrogen Production solicitation and proposal review**
**Will Coordinate with EERE, NE, FE on BES Hydrogen solicitation and proposal review**
**OSTP Hydrogen R&D Task Force Group **
**Participation by DOC, DOD, DOE, DOT, DOS, CIA, EPA, NASA, NIST, NSF, USDA**
**Developed Taxonomy of Research Directions to facilitate interagency coordination**
**Lead “Fundamental Research” subgroup to develop 10-year interagency coordination plans**
**International Hydrogen Activities**
**Participated in multi-lateral and bi-lateral Hydrogen Meetings- IPHE, US/European Commission, US/Canada, US/India, US/United Kingdom, IEA Hydrogen Coordination Group **
**Topics of Discussion: Hydrogen Production, Carbon Sequestration, Storage, Delivery, Fuel Cells, Codes and Standards, Economic/Cost Modeling**

## BES Outreach Activities

**OMB/OSTP Briefing and SC Briefing**
**American Physical Society March Meeting (March 22-26, 2004)**
**	****	**Basic Research for the Hydrogen Economy Symposium
**American Chemical Society National Meeting (March 28 – April 1, 2004)**
**	****	**Hydrogen Symposium
**Materials Research Society Spring Meeting (April 12-16, 2004)**
**	****	**Federal Funding Workshop – Hydrogen R&D Needs and Opportunities
**Council for Chemical Research (April 17-20, 2004)**
**	****	**Hydrogen Forum
**Materials Research Society Fall Meeting (November 29 - December 3, 2004)**
**	****	**Hydrogen Storage Symposium
**Physics Today - article by Dresselhaus, Buchanan, Crabtree**
**IUMRS Facets - article by Dresselhaus, Buchanan, Crabtree**
**Nova special program on hydrogen-  consultants are Nate Lewis, Millie Dresselhaus**
**Interviews by Jim Lehrer Newshour**
**Interviews by Brazil Major TV Talk Show / Newspaper**
**Interview by National Public Radio**

## BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES -- Serving the Present, Shaping the Future

***Scientific user facilities and their role in chemistry research***

## BES Scientific User Facilities

*** ******Linac Coherent Light Source (PED)***
*** ******4 High-Flux Neutron Sources (SNS under construction)***
*** ******4 Electron Beam Microcharacterization Centers***
*** ******5 Nanoscale Science Research Centers (PED and construction)***
*** ******3 Special Purpose Centers***

**Advanced Light Source**

**Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab**

**National Synchrotron Light Source**

**Advanced Photon Source**

**National Center for Electron Microscopy**

**Shared Research Equipment Program**

**Center for Microanalysis of Materials**

**Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research**

**High-Flux Isotope Reactor**

**Intense Pulsed Neutron Source**

**Combustion Research Facility**

**Pulse Radiolysis Facility**

**Materials Preparation Center**

**Los Alamos Neutron Science Center**

**Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences**

**Spallation Neutron Source**

**Linac Coherent Light Source**

**Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies**

**Molecular**
**Foundry **

**Center for Nanoscale Materials**

***BES Scientific User Facilities***

**Center for Functional Nanomaterials**

## Number of Light Source Users by Discipline

***Number of Light Source Users by Discipline***

**Who funds the **
**light sources?**
- The Basic Energy Sciences program provides complete support for the operations of the facilities.  Furthermore, BES continues as the dominant supporter of research in the physical sciences, providing as much as 85% of all federal funds for beamlines, instruments, and PI support.  Many other agencies, industries, and private sponsors provide support for instrumentation and research in specialized areas such as protein crystallography.

**The number of researchers using the light sources is expected to reach >>10,000 annually when beamlines are fully instrumented.**

## Evolution of Machines for Synchrotron Radiation

**~ 1 ****trillion**

**XFELs**
**Another >10 billion increase in peak brilliance and femtosecond-length pulses**

**3rd generation**
**synchrotron sources**

- ●

- ●

- ●

- ●

- ●

- ●

- ●

***A rate of increase greater than that of computer storage density***

## The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)

***The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)***

***Time averaged brightness******2-4 orders of magnitude greater than 3rd generation sources***
***Peak brightness 10 orders of magnitude greater than 3rd generation sources***
***230 fs pulses initially; with much shorter to be developed***
***Transversely coherent radiation***

**Justification of Mission Need (CD-0) approved June 2001**
**Preliminary Baseline Range (CD-1) approved September 2002**
**Long-lead Procurement Baseline (CD-2a) was approved July 2003**
**Optimum schedule has commissioning in FY 2008.**

**The LCLS is a proposed x-ray free electron laser (FEL) for FEL physics in the hard x-ray regime and for studies of ****structure and function of chemical, physical, and biological systems.**
**The main components of the LCLS are a photocathode RF-gun to create the electron beam, the last 1 km of the SLAC linac, two bunch compressors, a 100-m long undulator, x-ray optics, and experimental stations.**

## The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)

## BES National User Facilities for Nanoscale ScienceFacilities (under Construction) for the Synthesis, Characterization, and Study of Nanoscale Materials

***(Argonne National Laboratory)***

***Molecular Foundry***
***(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)***

***BES National User Facilities for Nanoscale Science******Facilities (under Construction) for the Synthesis, Characterization, and Study of Nanoscale Materials***

***Center for Functional Nanomaterials***
***(Brookhaven National Laboratory)***

***Center for Integrated***
***Nanotechnologies***
***(Sandia & Los Alamos******National Labs)***

***Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences***
***(Oak Ridge National Laboratory)***

***All five DOE Nanoscale Science Research Centers are in construction, with commissioning beginning in FY 2006.  ($114M in engineering design and construction in FY 2005)***

## Celebrations

***Molecular Foundry Ceremonial Groundbreaking******Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory******January 30, 2004******(l-r, Congressman Mike Honda, Paul Alivisatos, ******Patricia Dehmer, Sean Randolph, Charles Shank) ***

***Celebrations***

## The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)

***The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)***

## Office of Science 20-year Facilities Outlook

- SC Advisory Committees were asked to add/subtract (list grew to 53) and assess all according to two criteria:
- Importance of the science
- Readiness for construction
- Used “Biggert” authorization as optimistic, arbitrary funding envelope
- Ray Orbach prioritized according to importance of science and relevance to DOE mission, based on Advisory Committee assessments and consultation with Associate Directors, and fit facilities under envelope
- Twenty-eight of fifty-three facilities made the cut

***Office of Science 20-year Facilities Outlook***

## The Prioritized List of New/Upgraded Facilities 

## Current Office of Science Facilities

_***Basic Energy Sciences***_
**LIGHT SOURCES**
**Advanced Light Source (LBNL)**
**Advanced Photon Source (ANL)**
**National Synchrotron Light Source (BNL)**
**Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SLAC)****Linac Coherent Light Source (SLAC)**
**NEUTRON SOURCES**
**High-Flux Isotope Reactor (ORNL)**
**Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (ANL)**
**Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANL)**
**Spallation Neutron Source (ORNL)**
**MICROCHARACTERIZATION**
**Center for Microanalysis of Materials (UofI)**
**Electron Microscopy Center (ANL)**
**National Center for Electron Microscopy (LBNL)**
**Shared Research Equipment Program (ORNL)**
**SPECIALIZED SINGLE-PURPOSE CENTERS**
**Combustion Research Facility (LANL)**
**Materials Preparation Center (Ames Lab)**
**Pulse Radiolysis Facility (Notre Dame U.)**
**NANOSCALE SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTERS**
**Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (ORNL)**
**Molecular Foundry (LBNL)**
**Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (SNL, LANL)**
**Center for Nanoscale Materials (ANL)**
**Center for Functional Nanomaterials (BNL)**
_***Biological and Environmental Research***_
**William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory**
**Joint Genome Institute (JGI)**
**Laboratory of Comparative and Functional Gemonics**
**Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Facilities**
**AmeriFlux**
**Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Facilities**
**Natural and Accelerated Bioremediation Research Field Research Center**

_***High Energy Physic***__***s***_
**Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab)**
**  ****-Tevatron Antiproton-Proton Collider**
**  ****-800 GeV Fixed Target Program**
**Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC)**
**  ****-Linear Collider (SLC)**
**  ****-91 Gev and 50Gev Fixed Target Program**
**  ****-B-factory **
_***Nuclear Physics***_
**LOW ENERGY HEAVY-ION BEAM FACILITIES**
**Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System (ATLAS)**
**88-Inch Cyclotron**
**Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility**
**NON-ACCELERATOR NUCLEAR PHYSICS FACILITIES**
**Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO)**
**ELECTRON BEAM ACCELERATORS **
**Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF)**
**Bates Linear Accelerator Facility**
**Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS)**
**COLLIDING BEAM HEAVY ION ACCELERATORS**
**Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)**
_***Fusion Energy Sciences***_
**Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL)**
**Alcator C-Modified**
**DIII-D **
_***Advanced Scientific Computing Research***_
**National Energy Research Scientific Computing (NERSC) Center**