# Presentation: 725228

## Engine Nacelle Halon Replacement

## OVERVIEW OF THE EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY

- EXAMPLE OF MASS EQUIVALENCE
- EXAMPLE OF GAS CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE
- RESULTS TO DATE, TABULAR
- RESULTS TO DATE, PARTIAL GRAPHICAL
- CONCLUSORY STATEMENTS

## EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY

- ~ OVERVIEW ~

## TESTING OCCURS IN A FIXTURE CONTAINING SALIENT FEATURES OF THE ENGINE NACELLE ENVIRONMENT

- THE EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY IS TWO-PART
- ESTABLISH A _MASS EQUIVALENCE_ BETWEEN AGENTS BASED ON *FIRE EXTINCTION* PERFORMANCE
- A H1301 BENCHMARK IS ESTABLISHED
- THE REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE QUANTITY IS CHANGED UNTIL THE H1301 BENCHMARK IS MET OR EXCEEDED
- ESTABLISH A _CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE_ BASED ON *AGENT DISTRIBUTION* BEHAVIOR OF THE MASS EQUIVALENT
- GAS ANALYSIS IS USED TO CAPTURE PERFORMANCE
- TIES BACK TO FIRE EXTINCTION PERFORMANCE
- PROCESS IS REPEATED IN 4 EQUIVALENCE ITERATIONS TO FIND THE LARGEST EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION (2 ventilation conditions x 2 fire threats)

## IMAGERY - TEST FIXTURE

## EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY, PART I

- ~ MASS EQUIVALENCE ~

## TEST FIXTURE VENTILATION IS SET TO 1 OF 2 POINTS

- THE OBJECT IS TO BRACKET SYSTEM BEHAVIOR
- HIGH VENTILATION (HiVent) ~ 2.2 LBM/S @ 100°F
- LOW VENTILATION (LoVent) ~ 1.0 LBM/S @ 260°F
- H1301 CERTIFICATION IS KNOWN FOR BOTH CASES
- AGENT IS STORED AT 100°F
- AGENT DISCHARGE IS ~ 1 SECOND
- H1301 BENCHMARK (FIRE TESTING) IS ACCOMPLISHED WITH THE APPLICABLE CERTIFICATION PROFILE
- H1301 DISTRIBUTION IS REASONABLY SYMMETRIC
- DISCHARGE IS NOT DIRECTED AT THE FIRE THREAT
- MINIMUM DISTANCE OF 5 FT SEPARATES AGENT INJECTION AND THE FLAME FRONTS

## IMAGERY – SAMPLING PROBE LOCATIONS, SPRAY

## IMAGERY – TYPICAL H1301 CERTIFICATION GRAPH, HiVent

## IMAGERY – TYPICAL H1301 CERTIFICATION GRAPH, LoVent

## IMAGERY – SAMPLING PROBE LOCATIONS, POOL

## DEFINING THE H1301 BENCHMARK

- DETERMINED FOR EACH EQUIVALENCE ITERATION
- EQUIVALENCE ITERATION = “VENTILATION + FIRE THREAT”
- POOL FIRE THREAT – JP8
-  150°F @ 220 IN^2 x 0.5IN DEEP
- ELECTRICAL ARC REMAINS ON DURING AGENT INJECTION
- SPRAY FIRE THREAT – JP8, LUBRICANT OR HYDRAULIC FLUID
-  150°F @ 0.25 GPM
- FUEL SPRAY & ELECTRICAL ARC REMAIN ON DURING AGENT INJECTION
- FUEL SPRAY STRIKES HOT SURFACE DURING AGENT INJECTION
- RESULT FROM 1 FIRE TEST = REIGNITION TIME DELAY (RTD)
- RTD = time (FIRE EXTINCTION) – time (FIRE REIGNITION)
- RTD IS ASSESSED FROM VIDEO RECORD OF EACH FIRE TEST
- H1301 BENCHMARK = AVERAGED RTDs FROM 5 REPEATED FIRE TESTS = RTD_ave (H1301)

## IMAGERY - SPRAY FIRE ZONE

## IMAGERY - POOL FIRE ZONE

## PROCESS

- SELECT CONDITIONS FROM 1 OF 4 EQUIVALENCE ITERATIONS
- HiVent, JP8 SPRAY OR POOL FIRE THREAT
- LoVent, LUBRICANT SPRAY OR JP8 POOL FIRE THREAT
- ESTABLISH H1301 BENCHMARK WITH 5 REPEATED FIRE TESTS
- FIND EQUIVALENT MASS OF THE REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE
- COMPARISION BASIS : AVERAGE RTD OF 5 REPEATED TESTS
- EQUIVALENCE DEFINED AS :
- RTD_ave (H1301)  RTD_ave (EQUIVALENT MASS)
- IF A SPRAY FIRE THREAT, USE EQUIVALENT MASS AND VERIFY SUCCESS AGAINST OTHER FUELS
- HiVent VERIFICATION – LUBRICANT & HYDRAULIC FLUID
- LoVent VERIFICATION – JP8
- REPEAT 3 TESTS FOR EACH FUEL
- SUCCESS DEFINED AS :
- RTD_ave (EQUIVALENT MASS)  RTD_ave (VERIFICATION)

## EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY, PART II

- ~ CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE ~

## TREATING THE VOLUMETRIC GAS CONCENTRATION AS THE PAREMETER FOR EQUIVALENCE (NOT CITING ANY MASS EQUIVALENCE!!)

- REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE IS DELIVERED THROUGH _NON-OPTIMIZED_ PLUMBING
- SOME NON-OPTIMIZED QUANTITY OF THE REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE WILL STILL ACHIEVE PARITY WITH H1301 BENCHMARK
- CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE EVALUATED AT THE FLAME FRONT ONLY (2 CHANNELS PER TEST)!!
- EQUIVALENT GAS CONCENTRATION IS BASED ON :
- CAPTURED GAS ANALYSIS DATA
- FIRE EXTINCTION BEHAVIOR

## PROCESS

- CAPTURE GAS DISTRIBUTION OF THE EQUIVALENT MASS WITH 3 REPEATED TESTS
- COLLECT THE 2 FLAME FRONT CURVES FOR EACH TEST
- TRANSFORM FLAME FRONT, GAS CONCENTRATION CURVES
- CURVES ARE TYPICALLY CAPTURED TO ILLUSTRATE EXPONENTIAL GROWTH/DECAY (i.e. CERTIFICATION TEST)
- TRANSFORM EACH CURVE TO CONCENTRATION vs. DURATION@CONCENTRATION
- CREATE A SINGLE DATA POOL OF ALL POINTS FROM THE TRANSFORMED CURVES
- MODEL THE DATA POOL WITH HIGHEST-ORDER POLYNOMIAL, BEST-FIT _FUNCTION_
- RECALL AVERAGE RTD FROM REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE
- USE AVERAGE RTD OF THE EQUIVALENT MASS IN THE BEST-FIT FUNCTION TO CALCULATE EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION

## EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY

- ~ EXAMPLE ~

## MASS EQUIVALENCE EXAMPLE (actual data)

- EQUIVALENCE ITERATION = HiVent JP8 SPRAY FIRE
- H1301 BENCHMARK = RTD_ave (H1301) = 1.39 SECONDS
- REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE WORK WITH HFC-125
- EQUIVALENT MASS = 8.0 LBF HFC-125

## EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION EXAMPLE

- THIS EXAMPLE IS BASED UPON DATA FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF 8.0 LBF HFC-125
- RESTRICT DATA REVIEW TO THE 2 ANALYZER CHANNELS LOCATED AT THE SPRAY FLAME FRONT
- CALCULATION FOLLOWS IN GRAPHICAL FORMAT
- _FOR SIMPLICITY IN THIS EXAMPLE :_
- ONE PAIR OF ANALYZER TRACES ARE SHOWN (SINGLE TEST)
- DUE TO THE REDUCED SIZE OF THE DATA POOL, THE CALCULATION FOR THIS EXAMPLE _**IS NOT**_ THE REPORTED EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION
- PROTOCOL REQUIRES REPEATING 3 GAS DISTRIBUTION TESTS TO PRODUCE THE DATA POOL TO MAKE THIS CALCULATION

## EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, EXAMPLE

## EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, EXAMPLE

- ILLUSTRATION ONLY
- ~ EQUIVALENCE NOT VALID ~

## RESULTS TO DATE

## RESULTS TO DATE - TABULAR

| Agent | Ventilation configuration | Fire Threat | Equivalent Concentration (%v/v) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| HFC-125 | high | JP8 spray | 16.9 |
|  |  | JP8 pool | 9.6 |
|  | low | OIL spray | 15.8 (a) |
|  |  | JP8 pool | incomplete |
| CF3I
 | high | JP8 spray | 5.8 |
|  |  | JP8 pool | incomplete |
|  | low
 | OIL spray | 7.2 (a, b) |
|  |  | JP8 pool | incomplete |
| (a) Bracketing method used to find mass equivalent |  |  |  |
| (b) Partial result, JP8 verification not completed as of June 2004 |  |  |  |

## RESULTS TO DATE – TRANSFORMED DATA, HiVent EQUIVALENTS

## SUMMARY/STATUS

## CURRENTLY WORKING HFC-125 IN THE LoVent JP8 POOL

- REMAINING CF3I EQUIVALENCE ITERATIONS WILL FOLLOW
- UPON COMPLETING HFC-125/CF3I ITERATIONS, PROJECT CONCLUDES