# Presentation: 564969

## A vision for Fermilab

**Presentation to P5**
**Fermilab 9/12/05**
**Pier Oddone**

## Driven by physics

- Where the largest mysteries are:
- We know next to nothing about the next accessible energy scale: witness the plethora of models
- We know very little about the world of neutrinos
- We are ignorant about what dark matter and dark energy are
- We have strong clues that these are the hunting grounds for major new discoveries
- We also believe there is a deep connection between all these areas

## Strategic context: U.S. contribution

**2005**

**2015**

**2010**

**= secondary**

**= leading**

**Neutrino**
**Frontier**

**Flavor**
**frontier**

**Energy**
**Frontier**

**Domestic accelerator program with no new investment**

**X**

## Strategic context: U.S. contribution

**2005**

**2015**

**2010**

**= secondary**

**= leading**

**Neutrino**
**Frontier**

**Flavor**
**frontier**

**Energy**
**Frontier**

**Domestic accelerator program with new and redirected investment**

**X**

##     New Initiatives at Fermilab

*Enable the most powerful attack on the fundamental science questions of our time *
*Provide world class facilities for HEP as part of  the global network*
*Develop science and technology for particle physics and cosmology research*

**Specific Goal:** make vital contributions to particle physics in the next decade by:

*Developing a powerful new tool for discovery at the energy frontier (ILC)*
*Maintaining the foremost neutrino program (NOvA, proton driver(s),+)*

**Overarching Goals:**

-     New Initiatives at Fermilab

## The Energy Frontier (ILC)

- Goals:
- Establish all technical components, costs, engineering designs, management structures to enable “early” decision (by 2010).
- Position US (and Fermilab) to host the ILC.
- Position US (and Fermilab) to play major roles in detector development and physics analysis.
- This is the highest priority initiative for the laboratory

## The Energy Frontier: why ILC?

- We expect the greatest richness at the energy frontier
- Few phenomena will manifest themselves in only one machine

- theories

- Purely ILC

- Purely LHC

- We will build on the foundation of LHC to make major discoveries at ILC

## ILC/LHC Physics: new particle

- LHC experiments find a new heavy particle, Z’
- Able to show that Z’ mediates a new force of nature
- This is a great discovery

- Notice peak is 1⁄2 event per bin per fb-1

## LHC/ILC Physics: new particle 

- ILC measures couplings of Z’ to find out what it means
- If  here, related to origin of neutrino masses
- If here, related to origin of Higgs
- If here, Z’ comes from an extra dimension of space
- These are great discoveries!

## LHC/ILC physics: CP violation

**Example Signal**
**M****H**** = 130 GeV**

- LHC experiments discover several kinds of  Higgs particles

## LHC/ILC: CP violation

- From decays of Higgs, ILC experiments discover a new source of CP violation  (e.g. angular correlations to specific decays)
- Solves the mystery of why matter dominates over antimatter

## LHC/ILC physics: dark matter

- CDMS detects WIMPS from the galactic halo
- LHC discovers a neutralino
- Dark matter?

## LHC/ILC Physics: dark matter

- ILC sparticle measurements determine relic density
- Show that the neutralino really is dark matter
- And discover that it is only 2/3 of the total!

## ILC Research and Development

- Two main Branches:
-       Develop world class SCRF expertise: module
-       fabrication facility + module test facility
-       “CDR effort”: machine design and site studies
- Need to integrate our effort into global design

## The Global Design Effort 

**Formal organization begun at LCWS 05 at Stanford**
**in March 2005; Barish becomes director of the GDE**

## SCRF ILC EFFORT

- The buildings exist at Fermilab: need infrastructure to be built up: rf power, cryogenics, clean rooms......
- Personnel: need to strengthen RF expertise in the laboratory
- We need to organize the effort  coherently with other SCRF projects such as the Proton Driver
- Integrate into global effort

## ILC RF R&D Requirements

*Module Assembly*
*Facility         *

*Module Test*
*Facility     *

*ILC SC RF*

*OTHER HEP (e.g*
*Proton Driver)*

*Other US *
*SC RF needs*

*Module Fabrication*

*Test Facility Operations*

*∫**FY05-09*

*∫**FY05-09*

*$12M*

*$13M*

*$35M*

*$31M*

*** **= $91M*

*$4M*

*$15M*

*$9M*

*$13M*

*** **= $41M*

## ILC “CDR” Effort at Fermilab

- Likely lead role in two chapters of the CDR: Main Linac and Site Studies
- Need to get more intellectual involvement in the overall design of the machine: involvement of key accelerator physicists
- Involvement in other areas: if we are to be the site for the ILC, need broad involvement

## ILC Research and DevelopmentRoadmap

## While we develop the ILC....

- We must deliver on our “ships of the line”:
- The Tevatron Program: CDF and D0
- LHC and CMS
- The neutrino program: Minos and MiniBoone
- and maintain scientific vitality with a diverse program that includes:
- Particle astrophysics
- Theory and computing
- Technology development

## Tevatron Program

- Greatest window into new phenomena until LHC is on
- 1500 collaborators, 600 students + postdocs
- Critically dependent on Luminosity
- Doubling time a major consideration

## Sensitivity to low mass Higgs, or
Severely constrain mass

- Severely constrain mass

**Supersymmetry**

- Closing in on the the SM Higgs

**LEP Excluded**

## And the non-SM Higgs

- Explore the majority of allowed parameters
- for the lightest supersymmetric Higgs

## Other Windows to New Physics

- Discovery Potential over most of Bs mixing expected region
- SUSY Chargino Sensitivity to 270 GeV!

**Observation of B****s**** mixing**

## Tevatron: key is luminosity

- Luminosity history
- for each fiscal year

- Integrated luminosity
- for different assumptions

- Integrated Luminosity
- Per detector by Oct 09

*Top Line: all run II upgrades work*
*Bottom line: none work*
*( pink/white bands show the *
*doubling times for the top line)*

## LHC: delivering on the promise

- Huge increase in physics reach: 7 times the energy, 100 times the luminosity of the Tevatron
- US Construction Collaboration has been successful: Fermilab + LBNL + BNL.
- With increase in energy and luminosity come special challenges (e.g., 300 Megajoules of stored energy in the beam!)

## LHC: delivering on the promise

- US LHC Accelerator R&D Program = LARP: Fermilab + LBNL + BNL +SLAC
- Commissioning:  bring huge FNAL experience to LHC
- Technology for upgrades: once again, luminosity will be key
- FNAL will have presence at CERN but also develop remote “operations” center at FNAL.
- Important step in the development of future “global” machines like the ILC

## CMS: Compact Muon Detector

- Coming together: aimed at completion by end of 2007

- Muon detectors

- Magnet cold mass

## CMS: Compact Muon Detector

- US collaboration doubled in the last three years

**>300 **
**Collaborators**

**41 **
**Institutions**

## US CMS: and Fermilab’s role

- Only major US lab associated with CMS: a central support role for the US community
- This was the case during construction
- Attention now to huge data and physics discovery challenge: the LHC Physics Center (LPC)

## Summary for LHC and CMS

- Fermilab will be a vital partner to CERN in making the LHC and CMS a success
- Our ambition is to contribute with:
- Presence at CERN as necessary
- Remote control/monitoring/data centers at Fermilab for both accelerator and detector(s)
- Technical support and critical mass: such that being at FNAL will be nearly “as good” as being at CERN for all our University partners!

## Present Neutrino Program

- Minos Far detector

- Minos near detector

-    MINOS program is just starting:
- 	- 2 GeV neutrinos
- 	- 5.4 Kiloton far detector and
- 	  1.0 Kiloton near detector
- 	-Most precise measurements
- 	 in the atmospheric region
- 	-disappearance

## Present Neutrino Program

- MiniBooNE
- 	- 1 GeV neutrinos
- 	   (Booster)
- 	- 800 ton oil cerenkov
- 	- Operating since 2003
- 	- e appearance
- 	- first results this fall:
- 	  all hell will break loose if
- 	  positive signal

## New Initiatives: neutrinos

- Understanding the Neutrino matrix:
- What is *sin**2**2*****
- What is the Mass Hierarchy
- What is the CP violation parameter 
- Fermilab is in the best position to make vital contributions to answer these questions

## New Initiatives: neutrinos 

- Most powerful beam in the world at 200 KW
- Upgrades (by 2008) would give 440 KW
- When we stop the Tevatron, we’ll have 600+ KW, the same as JPARC after 2010+
- Further improvements: aimed at 2 MW proton beam power

## Neutrino Program: accelerators

- Develop Proton Driver
- R&D helps develop base of SC RF technology
- Extremely flexible operations = much simplified complex
- Accelerator energy is 2% of ILC
- Also develop alternatives
- No Tevatron means we have recycler, accumulator and  debuncher to play with
- We have VERY EARLY creative ideas on how to deliver 1-2 MW at 120 GeV.

## Neutrino Initiative – Proton Driver

## Neutrino Initiative: NOvA

- In addition to Beam power: detector mass and detector sensitivity: NOvA is 30 ktons, totally active
- NOvA is the only experiment sensitive to matter effects (hence the mass hierarchy).
- We want to start a long term R&D program towards massive totally active liquid Argon detectors for extensions of NOvA.
- Improvement is proportional to (Beam power) x (detector mass) x (detector sensitivity)

## Nova Reach: 13

- Nova Reach: 13

## Nova Reach:  Mass Hierarchy

- +

- +

- +

- +

- +

**NO********A**

## Nova Reach:  CPWith Proton Driver

## Neutrino Program (delayed ILC)

*2005*

*2010*

*2015*

**detectors**

**accelerators**

*Minos run*

*MiniBoone run*

*NOvA R&D and Construction*

*NOvA run*

*Proton Driver Construction*
*(if and only if ILC delayed)*

*Proton Driver R&D*

*NOvA II run*

*NOvA II R&D and construction*

*Proton plan first stage*
*0.2 MW moving to 0.4 MW*

*Proton plan 2**nd** stage*
*(If no proton driver)*

*1-2 MW at 120 GeV*

*Greater than 2 MW *
*any energy*

**ILC CDR**

**DELAYED ILC?**

## Interlinked Roadmap

- The immediate decisions are: NOvA, and support of ILC R&D and proton driver R&D
- Options get looked two years down the line after ILC CDR: decision to go for early ILC decision precludes proton driver
- LHC input will determine branch points at the end of the decade

## Interlinked Roadmap

- Establishes the main trunk and branches for the laboratory.
- It supports a vital role for the US community in the global program
- Requires “strong focusing” now, which narrows the  program....
- But it establishes the strong base on which breadth and “texture” can flourish as we move forward.

## Maintaining some breadth

- Astrophysics and small experiments:
- on going projects: SDSS; CDMS, Pierre Auger
- New small projects: DES, Minerva
- R&D for future major projects: direct detection of dark matter; evolution of the expansion of the universe JDEM/SNAP
- R&D (at relatively small scale)
- New detectors: e.g. calorimetry for ILC detector, Massive Liquid Argon TPCs
- Novel accelerator ideas: muon cooling

## Early ILC Decision – No Proton DriverProposed Scenario

## Incremental Need

## Problems to be solved

- Tremendous crunch on the accelerator expertise: Tevatron, LARP, PD, ILC.
- Difficult transition D0/CDF to CMS/ATLAS: how to run the Tevatron program properly.
- How to get NOvA moving quickly
- How to preserve some breadth of the program in an era that forces “strong focusing”.
- How to generate increasing support for the field in the era of nanosciences, hydrogen economy, the health sciences’ promise of “eternal life”,  the needs of homeland security, global warming and $100B hurricanes.
- Contract competition.