# Presentation: 936833

## Inspecting for the Residential Energy Code

## Outline

- Structure of 2003 IECC Residential Energy Codes
- Pre-Inspection: Review of Compliance Certificates and
-      Inspection Checklists
- Code Compliance Options
- Inspection Code Requirements
- Building Envelope
- Mechanical Systems
- Service Water Heating
- Lighting Systems
- Case Study w/software demo

## Floor Insulation

- Above Grade Wall Insulation
- Ceiling Insulation
- Duct Insulation
- Vapor Retarder

- Slab-Edge Insulation
- Basement Wall Insulation
- Crawl Space Wall Insulation

- Approved Building Plans
- Energy Code Compliance Certificate

- Windows/Doors
- Air Sealing – Penetrations (plumbing, electrical)
- Recessed Lighting
- Duct Construction and Insulation
- HVAC Piping and Insulation

- HVAC Efficiency
- Thermostats
- Service Water Heating
- Air Sealing

## Scope of the Residential Chapters of 2003 IECC

- Detached one and two – family dwellings
- R-2 and R-4 Residential Buildings containing 3 or more dwelling units where the occupants are permanent in nature such as townhouses, row houses, apartments, convents, monasteries, rectories, fraternities, sororities, dormitories, rooming houses and some Residential Care/Assistant Living Facilities _**all of which are 3 stories or less in height**_.
- Additions, Some Renovations and a Few Repairs

## Overview of Code ComplianceStructure of the IECC

**Chapter 1****	**Administrative & Enforcement
**Chapter 2****	**Definitions
**Chapter 3****	**Design Conditions
**Chapter 4****	****Residential - Systems Analysis**
**Chapter 5****	****Residential - Component Performance**
**Chapter 6****	****Simplified Prescriptive Requirements**
**Chapter 7**	ASHRAE 90.1-2001 Energy Code Reference
**Chapter 8**	Design by Acceptable Practice for Commercial Buildings
**Chapter 9****	**Referenced Standards

- Overview of Code ComplianceStructure of the IECC

- Residential Chapters

**Notes:**
The first 3 chapters of the IECC contain general provisions that impact both commercial and residential construction and should be carefully reviewed and understood.    
Chapter 1 addresses Administration and Enforcement.
Chapter 2 is Definitions	
Chapter 3 deals with Design Conditions
Chapter 4 is exclusively residential and is the starting point of this presentation. 

## InspectionsChapter 1 - Administration & Enforcement

**Construction or work for which a permit is required shall be subject to inspection by the code official.**
- No work shall be done on any part of the building or structure beyond the point indicated in each successive inspection without first obtaining the written approval of the code official.
- No construction shall be concealed without inspection approval.
- There shall be a final inspection and approval for building when completed and ready for occupancy.

## Slide 7

## Slide 8

**Notes:**
This is an example of the prescriptive building envelope requirements for detached one and two-family dwellings.  This particular table is for buildings with a window area of 15% of the gross exterior wall.  Tables for other window areas are similar.

## Slide 9

**Notes:**
This is Figure 502.2(1) Uo-Factors--Walls: Detached one and two-family dwellings and Type R-2 and R-4 groups or townhouses.

The combined thermal transmittance value (Uo) of the gross area of exterior walls shall not exceed the value given in Table 502.2(1).  Equation 5-1 shall be used to determine acceptable combinations to meet this requirement.  This equation will account for all opaque wall area, glazed area, and all opaque door area.

Note that the requirements for detached one and two-family dwellings, R-2 and R-4 buildings differ.  

## Slide 10

## BECP Code Compliance Tools

**Trade-off Approach**

**Prescriptive Approach**

- Prescriptive Tables / Printed Guides
- COM*check *Web Package Generator

- Prescriptive Tables & Printed Guides
- RES*check* Web Package Generator

**Residential **

**Commercial**

-  COMcheck-EZ desktop software for Windows
-  COMcheck-Web software

- RES*check* desktop software for Windows and Mac with AreaCalc tool
- RES*check*-Web software

**RES*****check***

**COM*****check-EZ***

- Simple, fast and easy
- Generally most stringent
- Requires minimum input
- Based on climate and WWR
- Uses a prototype building

- Trade-off between components
- Provides design  flexibility
- Requires area & U/R-factors
- Uses UA calculation (REScheck) & regression equations (COMcheck)

**Web Based Tools**

**Web Based Tools**

## Pre-Inspection

- Approved Building Plans
- Energy Code Compliance Certificate

**Notes:**
Before beginning the field inspection, verify that the approved building plans, specifications, or documentation are on site.  
Ensure that the documentation has been checked for energy code compliance.
Compliance Documentation should include:   insulation r-values
                                                                window/door/skylight u-values
                                                                % of glazing
                                                                 equipment efficiencies
Plans should include:	duct design/duct sealing
				air sealing
				water heating equipment and insulation
				recessed lighting

## REScheck Compliance Report

**Notes:**
Explain what the major areas are to review for compliance

## REScheck Compliance Report

## Slide 15

**Notes:**
This is an example of a Prescriptive Compliance Report

## Additions and Window Replacements Chapter 5

- Additions < 500 ft2 may meet Table 502.2.5
- Glazing area for additions (other than sunrooms) must be < 40% of gross wall and roof area of addition
- Skylight replacement shall have a maximum U-factor of 0.60 when installed in climates > 1,999 HDD
- Fenestration replacement must meet the SHGC req. in locations <3500 HDD

**Notes:**
This prescriptive path makes compliance determination easier for small additions.  The path is not available for additions of conditioned space of 500 square feet or greater.

## Additions  (cont’d)

- Compliance options for additions
- Treat as a stand-alone building
- Bring entire building into compliance

**Existing**

**Notes:**
1.  Treat the addition as a stand-alone building and ignore the common walls between the existing building and the addition. 
2.  Combine the existing building with the addition and bring the whole building up to compliance.   Compliance can be harder to achieve if the existing building is quite old.

## Special Rules for Sunrooms

- Sunroom additions, if:
- Area less than 500 sf
- Have > 40% Glazing of gross exterior wall and roof area
- Separate Heating System or Zone
- Must be thermally isolated and not used as a kitchen or sleeping quarters.

## 2003 IECC

**2003 IECC**
**Prescriptive Criteria   Sunrooms**

**Notes:**
Prescriptively:  the two tables represent the difference in stringency for sunrooms vs. addtions

## Building Envelope

- _Construction Assemblies:_
- Roof
- Above Grade Walls
- Below Grade Walls
- Floor
- Slab
- Skylights, Windows, and Doors
- _Mandatory Requirements:_
- Moisture Control (vapor retarder)
- Air Leakage (air sealing)

**Notes:**
What comprises the bldg. Envelope

Bldg. Envelope separates conditioned space from unconditioned space or outdoor.

Conditioned Space is the area that is being heated and cooled.

## Slide 21

## Foundation Inspection

- Slab-Edge Insulation
- Basement Wall Insulation (exterior)
- Crawl Space Wall Insulation

## Slide 23

**Notes:**
Example of where the proposed r-value of insulation is summarized on the Inspection Checklist.

## Slab Edge Insulation 

- Proposed R-value must meet or exceed
- <6,000 HDD 24”		>6,000 HDD 48”
- Downward from top of slab a minimum of 24” or 48” or
- Downward to at least the bottom of the slab and then horizontally a minimum of 24” or 48”

**Notes:**
Inspect slab insulation before it is covered with backfill or concrete.  
Check the correct r-value of insulation has been installed is placed at he proper vertical and horizontal distances.
Exposed insulation in direct contact with outside air, is required to be covered with a rigid, opaque, and weather-resistant protective covering to prevent degradation of the insulation’s thermal performance.  Materials that can be used include exterior grade plastic, fiberglass, galvanized metal or aluminum flashing, or cementitious coating.
Insulation that extends horizontally away from the slab must be covered by either pavement or soil to a minimum 10 inches thick.

## Slide 25

**Notes:**
This is an example of insulation cut at a 45-degree bevel cut this is a way to avoid bringing the insulation to the top of the slab edge so a carpet tack strip can be attached.

## Below-Grade Walls 

- Below-Grade Walls

- Basement wall or 1st story wall
- that is at least 50% below grade

- Exposed exterior insulation must be protected

**Notes:**

In all cases the insulation must start at the top of the foundation walls.  The perimeter joist directly connected to the foundation wall must also be insulated.

Verify the R-values of insulation meet the plans.

The code requires that exterior below grade wall insulation exposed to outdoor air be covered with a rigid, opaque, and weather resistance protective covering to prevent degradation of the insulation’s thermal performance.
Protective covering should cover the exposed area of the exterior insulation and extend a minimum of 6 inches below grade.

Check that the perimeter joist directly connected to the foundation wall is insulated

## Slide 27

## Crawl Space Wall Insulation

- This practice eliminates the need of insulation in the raised floor above the crawl.
- Crawl space may not have ventilation openings to the outside
- Must be mechanically ventilated or supplied with conditioned air
- Crawl floor must be covered with an approved vapor retarder material

**Notes:**
If mechanically ventilated, the crawl must be ventilated at 1 cfm per 50 sq. ft.
Where the inside ground surface is 12 inches or greater below the outside finish ground level, insulation shall extend from the top of the wall to at least the inside ground surface.

Where the inside ground surface is less than 12 inches below the outside finish ground level or the vertical wall insulation stops less than 12 inches below the outside grade, the insulation must extend vertically and horizontally a minimum of 24 linear inches from the outside grade level.

Compare the R-value of the installed insulation against the plans.  If the insulation is to be installed as part of the foundation form, the R-value should be verified prior to pouring the concrete.  Ask for manufacturer’s literature if R-value is not printed on the insulation.

Make sure the insulation is securely fastened to the foundation wall.

## Slide 29

## Framing Inspection

- Windows/Doors
- Air Sealing – Penetrations
- 			(plumbing, electrical)
- Recessed Lighting
- Duct Construction and Sealing
- HVAC Piping and Insulation

**Notes:**
Additional inspections that can be added in to your typical inspection process.

- 	| 	**Heating and Cooling Equipment:**
- [    ]  	| 	 1. 	Furnace 1: Forced Hot Air, 78 AFUE or higher
-  	| 		Make and Model Number __________________________________________
- [    ]  	| 	 2. 	Air Conditioner 1: Electric Central Air, 10 SEER or higher
-  	| 		Make and Model Number __________________________________________

**Notes:**
Example of where the proposed building envelope criteria can be double checked while inspecting in the field.

## Windows, Glass Doors, and Skylights

- Key Elements
**Glazing Area**
- SHGC’s
- U-values

**Notes:**
Glazing Area:  use the plans to compare the installed glazing or rough openings with what is on plans.  Look for added windows, skylights, glass doors or windows larger than those on the plans.  Any increase in glazing could cause non-compliance and new documentation will need to be submitted.

## Slide 33

**Notes:**
This is an example of a window that was not called out on the plans and was added at the last minute.

## Windows, Glass Doors, and Skylights

- Key Elements
- Glazing Area
**SHGC’s **
- U-values

**Solar Heat **
**Gain Coefficient**

**Notes:**
SHGC is a measure of how much solar gain is transmitted through the window by solar radiation.
The lower the SHGC value of a window the less sunlight and heat can pass through the glazing.

The SHGC requirement is affected by overhangs on a building.  The code uses the term projection factor to determine how well the overhang shades the glazing.   The PF is calculated by measuring the distance from the window to the farthest-most edge of the overhang and dividing that by the distance from the bottom of the window to the lowest point of the overhang
The greater the PF the better the window is shaded. The better the window is shaded the less important the solar heat rejection qualities of the window.  So a window with a higher SHGC value can be used to comply with the code.

If overhangs are shown on the building plans, ensure that they have been installed according to the design.

## Locations with SHGC Requirements

## Windows, Glass Doors, and Skylights

**National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) product ratings are available ****on-line at **
_**www.nfrc.org**_

- Key Elements
- Glazing Area
**SHGC’s **
**U-values**

**Notes:**
U-Factor is a measure of how well the assembly conducts heat.  The lower the number, the better the assembly acts and an insulator.

A window U-factor is based on the interior surface area of the entire assembly, including glazing, sash, curbing, and other framing elements.  Center-of-glass U-factors cannot be used.

The code requires windows, glass doors, and skylights to be rated by National Fenestration Rating Council and to have labels that show the rated u-factor and SHGC values for the glazing unit.

If the windows, glass doors, and/or skylights are not rated, the appropriate default tables from the code can be used.

Any glazing product that is double pane with tinted glass in a thermally broken frame (e.g., wood, vinyl, or aluminum with a thermal break) will meet the requirements for a fenestration U-factor of 0.60 and an SHGC of 0.60.

## Old

_**Old**_

**National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) product ratings are available ****on-line at **
_**www.nfrc.org**_

_**New**_

**Notes:**
Check the proposed u-values and SHGC’s for windows, doors, and skylights on the plans against the labels posted on the products.  

## Windows, Glass Doors, and Skylights – SHGC’s

**Solar Heat Gain Coefficient**
- Requirements dependent on Projection Factor
- National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) tested
- Default SHGC range diagrams
- SHGC = SC x .87

## If it is not tested and labeled with an NFRC label, the following default table would apply
Use assembly U-value
Must meet or exceed the  U-values shown

- Use assembly U-value
- Must meet or exceed the  U-values shown

- Windows, Glass Doors, and Skylights – U-values

## Building Envelope
Sealed with caulking materials or
Closed with gasketing systems
Joints and seams sealed or taped or covered with a moisture vapor-permeable wrapping material
Sealing materials spanning joints between construction materials shall allow for expansion and contraction of the construction materials.

- Sealed with caulking materials or
- Closed with gasketing systems
- Joints and seams sealed or taped or covered with a moisture vapor-permeable wrapping material
- Sealing materials spanning joints between construction materials shall allow for expansion and contraction of the construction materials.

- Air Leakage/Sealing the Building Envelope

**Notes:**
There is no specific code language that precisely dictates how a leak should be sealed or how to judge the quality of a seal.

There are several places where air leakage can occur:
Exterior joints around window and door frames
Between wall sole plates, floors, and exterior wall panels
Openings for plumbing, electrical, refrigerant and gas lines in exterior walls, floors and roofs
Openings in the attic floor such as where ceiling panels meet interior and exterior walls and masonry fireplaces
Service and access doors or hatches

Sealing materials spanning joints between construction materials shall allow for expansion and contraction of the construction materials.

## Electrical Boxes

- Openings Unsealed

- Openings Sealed

- Windows

- Plumbing Fixtures

- Bottom Plate

- Dryer Duct

**Notes:**

Some of these penetrations may be subject to other building code provisions, such as the fire code, and may require special measures.  Check for additional requirements relating to penetrations in the floor of conditioned spaces to a crawl space and in the ceiling of conditioned space into an attic. 

## Wiring

## Recessed Lighting Fixtures

-  Type IC rated, with no penetrations between the inside of the recessed fixture and ceiling cavity (sealed and caulked)
-  Type IC or non-IC rated, installed inside a sealed box of  1⁄2" gypsum wallboard or other assembly manufactured for this purpose
-  Type IC rated, in accordance with ASTM E 283 to be an “Air-Tight” enclosure

**Notes:**
Non IC rated:  must be installed inside a sealed box: the other assembly option is constructed from a preformed polymeric vapor barrier, or other air tight assembly manufactured for this purpose maintaining required clearances of not less than .5 inch from combustible material and not less than 3 inches from insulation material

ASTM E 283 admitting no more than 2.0 cubic feet per minute cfm of air movement from the conditioned space to the ceiling cavity

IC:  Insulation Contact

## RecessedLighting Fixtures

**Notes:**
Top:  Typical “rough-in” for recessed light fixtures.
Bottom:  Completed installation after the drywall.  Note that the fixture is caulked to the drywall.

These installations comply based on the first requirement.

## Duct Sealing

- Seal and securely fasten all joints, longitudinal and transverse seams and connections with:
- welds
- gaskets
- mastics
- mastic-plus-embedded fabric systems
- tapes
- Duct tape is not permitted as a sealant on any metal ducts

**Notes:**
Tapes and mastics used to seal ductwork shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 181 A or UL 181 B.
Properly sealing ducts will ensure that the occupied spaces receive the correct amount of space conditioning and that the attic or crawlspace does not become conditioned space because of leaky ducts.
Duct tape is not permitted as a sealant on any metal ducts

This applies to supply and return air ducts
                      plenums
                      duct fittings
                      dampers
                      fans
                      accessory air handling equipment and appliances

## Slide 48

## HVAC Piping and Insulation

- Piping Insulation
- Table 503.3.3.1
- Exceptions:
- Factory installed piping within HVAC equipment
- Piping that conveys fluids between 55 and 105 °F
- Piping which conveys fluids which have not been heated or cooled by through the use of fossil fuels or electricity

**Notes:**
The minimum insulation required in Table 503.3.3.1 is expressed in inches of thickness and varies according to piping system type, fluid temperature range, and pipe size.  Refer to the table for guidance on insulating piping.

## Slide 50

## DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM - MINIMUM PIPE INSULATION

- TABLE 503.3.3.1
- 2003 IECC

**Notes:**
Be sure to check the insulation thickness against the system type and verify installation compliance.

## Insulation Inspection

-  Basement Wall Insulation (interior)
-  Floor Insulation
-  Above Grade Wall Insulation
-  Ceiling Insulation
-  Duct Insulation
-  Vapor Retarder

**Notes:**
Insulation Inspection would be a completely new field inspection to add to your typical inspection process if your inspection process does not currently include energy code compliance.

## 	|

- 	|
-  	| 	**Ceilings:**
- [    ] 	| 	 1. 	Ceiling 1: All-Wood Joist/Rafter/Truss, R-38.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________
-  	|
-  	| 	**Above-Grade Walls:**
- [    ] 	| 	 1. 	Exterior Wall 1: Wood Frame, 16" o.c., R-19.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________
- [    ] 	| 	 2. 	Exterior Wall 2 South: Wood Frame, 16" o.c., R-19.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________
- [    ] 	| 	 3. 	Exterior Wall 3 East: Wood Frame, 16" o.c., R-19.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________
- [    ] 	| 	 4. 	Exterior Wall 4 West: Wood Frame, 16" o.c., R-19.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________
- [    ] 	| 	 5. 	Knee Wall West: Wood Frame, 16" o.c., R-19.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________
- [    ] 	| 	 6. 	Knee Wall East: Wood Frame, 16" o.c., R-19.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________
-  	|
-  	| 	**Basement Walls:**
- [    ] 	| 	 1. 	Basement Wall 2: Solid Concrete or Masonry, 9.0' ht/4.5' bg/9.0' insul,
- 	| 		R-19.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________    ] 	| 	 2. 	Basement Wall 1: Solid Concrete or Masonry, 9.0' ht/4.5' bg/9.0' insul,
- 	| 		R-19.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________
- [    ] 	| 	 3. 	Basement Wall 3: Solid Concrete or Masonry, 9.0' ht/7.0' bg/9.0' insul,
- 	| 		R-19.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________

**Notes:**
Example of where the proposed insulation R-values can be found on the Inspection Checklist

## Requirements based on
 Assembly type
 Continuous insulation
 Insulation between framing
Check insulation for 
 Proper installation
 Proper supports

-  Assembly type
-  Continuous insulation
-  Insulation between framing
- Check insulation for
-  Proper installation
-  Proper supports

- Floors

**Notes:**
For raised floors  (over crawl, over outdoor air, a garage)
Check the r-value of insulation installed meets the plans and that if fills the joist cavity completely
If rigid foam board is installed verify its r-value   
For sprayed on insulation check the insulation certificate against the plans

Check that the insulation is properly supported and installed:
	insulation between framing should be installed with no gaps between insulation and sub floor
	properly installed floor insulation should be flush against the sub floor
	Vapor retarders are only required in un-vented floor spaces and must have a perm rating of 1.0 or less
	Twine, metal rods, wire and netting are common materials used for supporting insulation and ensuring the insulation remains in place
	Rigid foam board insulation should be installed with a good mechanical bond between the floor and the insulation

## Slide 55

## Above Grade Walls 

- Insulate walls including those
- next to unconditioned spaces

- Don’t forget to  insulate rim joists

**Notes:**
Best time to inspect is before the sheetrock goes up.

Check:  has the correct level of insulation been installed
            has it been installed correctly

Insulation should not be compressed behind the wiring or plumbing; this reduces the r-value of insulation
Be sure the insulation has filled the entire cavity, Batts that are cut too short will leave voids.

For continuous insulation make sure there are no voids and the insulation is well bonded to the outside framing.

Perimeter joists between floors must be insulated

While not a requirement, in some climates it is important to insulate exterior corners and on or in headers over doors and windows to eliminate heat transfer through the surfaces.

## Wall Insulation

## Knee Wall Insulation

## Roofs

- Roof Assemblies:
- All-wood joist/truss
- Cathedrals
- Energy Truss
- Metal joist/truss

- Insulation Certificate Requirements

**Notes:**
First thing to look for is the attic access hatch is insulated to the same r-value as the plans and that weatherstripping has been installed around the hatch door to reduce infiltration.

R-values are to be printed on the batt insulation or rigid foam board
Blown-in insulation shall have a insulation certificate at or near the opening of the attic.  The certificate should include:
   r-value of installed thickness
  initial installed thickness
  settled thickness
  coverage area
  number of bags installed
	Insulation markers must be installed every 300 square feet and are marked with the minimum installed thickness and the minimum settled thickness.
	Check insulation is installed uniformly to an even thickness throughout the attic and extends over the top of the exterior wall.
Baffles should be installed at each soffit, cornice or eave vent to direct vent air up and over the top of the insulation

## Slide 60

## Duct Insulation

**Duct Insulation**

**Notes:**
Duct insulation requirements have changed from the 2000 IECC to the 2003.  In the 2000 IECC R5 or R3.3 was required and was based on annual cooling degree days or heating degree days whichever was more stringent.  Now in 2003 the requirements are strictly based on hdd and more specific as to duct location (I.e. unconditioned basements, crawl spaces outside the building.  

Insulation requirements for ducts located outside the building envelope also apply to both supply and return. 
Ducts must be properly insulated to ensure that the supply air does not heat up (when the space calls for cooling) or cool down (when the space calls for heating).  

## Slide 62

## Moisture ControlVapor Retarder

- Install in non-vented framed ceilings, walls, floors
- Must have a Perm Rating of <1.0
- Install on the “warm-in-winter” side of insulation

**Notes:**
Nonvented areas are framed cavities without vents or other openings to allow for free air movement.
Normally the “warm-in-winter” side of the insulation will be the inside of the building.  The vapor retarder will be placed between the insulation and the sheetrock facing the interior of the building.

Typical vapor retarders include the craft facing on fiberglass batt insulation and polyethylene sheet.

## Slide 64

**Notes:**
Vapor retarder – wall
Vapor retarder -- soffit

## Vapor Retarder

- Exceptions
- Climate Zones 1 - 7  (HDD 0-3499)
- IECC Chapter 3
- In construction where moisture or its freezing won’t damage materials
- If other approved means to avoid condensation are provided by the building official

**Notes:**
Vapor retarders are not required where moisture or its freezing will not damage materials.

Climate Zones 1 through 7 are exempt from this requirement.  Each state is divided up into a series of climate zones.  The Climate Zone maps are located in Chapter 3 of the IECC.

## IECC Vapor Retarder (2000)

- States with vapor retarder requirements (IECC 2000)

**Notes:**
Overview of where the vapor retarders are required in the 2000-2003 IECC.

## RICC Vapor Retarder (IECC 2004)

- Not available yet. Will need to be adopted by state jurisdictions before it becomes law.

- States with vapor retarder requirements

## Final Inspection

-  Mechanical Systems and Equipment
-  Thermostats
-  Service Water Heating
-  Air Sealing (weather stripping, caulking)

- 	| 	**Heating and Cooling Equipment:**
- [    ]  	| 	 1. 	Furnace 1: Forced Hot Air, 78 AFUE or higher
-  	| 		Make and Model Number __________________________________________
- [    ]  	| 	 2. 	Air Conditioner 1: Electric Central Air, 10 SEER or higher
-  	| 		Make and Model Number __________________________________________

## Building Mechanical Systems and Equipment 

- Load Calculations *(Section 503.3.1)*
- Temperature and Humidity Controls *(Section 503.3.2)*
- Distribution Systems *(Section 503.3.3)*
*      **HVAC Piping and Insulation*

**Notes:**
The minimum equipment efficiency requirements of Table 503.2 are imposed on manufacturers and it would be rare to encounter any new equipment that did not meet these minimums.

Load Calculations (Section 503.3.1)
Use design conditions specified in chapter 3
Calculations shall be performed in accordance with ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals or other equivalent method.
Systems shall be sized to meet the load
System Controls (Section 503.3.2.1)
Each dwelling unit shall be considered a zone and provided with at least one temperature control device
HVAC Piping might have already been inspected during the Insulation Inspection, if not, it should be inspected during the final inspection.

## Thermostat/Humidistat 

- Must be capable of being set to prevent the use of fossil fuels or electricity to reduce relative humidity below 60% or increase relative humidity above 30%

-  Heating only 55°F or lower
-  Cooling only 85°F or higher
-  Both heating and cooling must be capable of a 5° deadband
- Exceptions
- Special occupancy/use as approved by the building official
- Thermostats that require manual changeover between heating and cooling

**Notes:**
While humidistats may be used for comfort purposes, most often the humidistat controls only the humidifier itself and is interlocked to permit operation of the humidifier only when the heating system is operating.  Where the space conditioning control system is such that the humidistat does not control the heating and/or cooling equipment, this requirement would not apply. 

## Heat Pump Auxiliary Heat 

- Heat pumps with supplementary electric resistance heat shall have controls to prevent heater operation when the load can be met by the heat pump alone (except defrost cycles)

**Notes:**
The refrigeration cycle of a heat pump system can convert electrical energy into heat much more efficiently than can straight resistance electric heaters.

## Service Water Heating (SWH)

- Heat traps to reduce standby losses
- Pipe insulation to reduce distribution and
- Standby losses
- Circulation loop temperature controls to reduce distribution losses

- Summary of requirements

**Notes:**
This diagram briefly describes the requirements for water heating systems.  The next series of slides will go into more detail on each of the provisions.

## Heat Traps

- Required on noncirculating hot water systems

**Notes:**
Heat traps stop hot water from rising into the distribution pipes and forming a natural circulation loop.
Heat traps are required in the inlet and outlet piping of noncirculating water heaters.
Some water-heating equipment has factory-installed integral heat traps.  For equipment without factory-installed integral heat traps, heat traps must be purchased and installed in the inlet and outlet connections or field-fabricated by creating a loop or inverted U-shaped arrangement of the inlet and outlet pipes.
Heat traps are not required on circulating systems.

Heat traps are a simple and inexpensive means of preventing cooling of hot water in service water heaters by thermosyphoning of the hot water to higher elevated portions of the attached piping system.  Thermosyphoning is based on the simple physical principle of natural convection.  Given the opportunity, hot water will ten to rise and be displaced by cold water beneath it.  The heat trap stops this process, thereby retaining the hot water within the insulated storage tank.

## SWH - Piping Insulation

- Recirculating systems
-  Insulated to levels in Table 504.5
-  Exception:
- Piping insulation is not required when the heat loss, without insulation, does not increase energy use

**Notes:**
Insulate the piping of recirculating systems in accordance with the minimums of Table 504.5 at the time of installation.  Over time, changes in space usage may impact the need for insulation.   

- Air Leakage

**Notes:**
Check for air leakage at all penetrations, especially the vents and receptacles.

## Air Leakage

## REScheck Inspection Checklist

**RES*****check***** Inspection Checklist**
**2000 IECC**
- RES*check* Software Version 3.5 Release 1d
- DATE: 08/26/03
- PROJECT TITLE: Jones Residence - Plan 3677
- Bldg.	|
- Dept.	|
- Use  	|
-  	|
-  	| 	**Ceilings:**
- [    ] 	| 	 1. 	Ceiling 1: All-Wood Joist/Rafter/Truss, R-38.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________
-  	|
-  	| 	**Above-Grade Walls:**
- [    ] 	| 	 1. 	Exterior Wall 1: Wood Frame, 16" o.c., R-19.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________
- [    ] 	| 	 2. 	Exterior Wall 2 South: Wood Frame, 16" o.c., R-19.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________
- [    ] 	| 	 3. 	Exterior Wall 3 East: Wood Frame, 16" o.c., R-19.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________
- [    ] 	| 	 4. 	Exterior Wall 4 West: Wood Frame, 16" o.c., R-19.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________
- [    ] 	| 	 5. 	Knee Wall West: Wood Frame, 16" o.c., R-19.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________
- [    ] 	| 	 6. 	Knee Wall East: Wood Frame, 16" o.c., R-19.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________
-  	|
-  	| 	**Basement Walls:**
- [    ] 	| 	 1. 	Basement Wall 2: Solid Concrete or Masonry, 9.0' ht/4.5' bg/9.0' insul,
- 	| 		R-19.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________
- [    ] 	| 	 2. 	Basement Wall 1: Solid Concrete or Masonry, 9.0' ht/4.5' bg/9.0' insul,
- 	| 		R-19.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________
- [    ] 	| 	 3. 	Basement Wall 3: Solid Concrete or Masonry, 9.0' ht/7.0' bg/9.0' insul,
- 	| 		R-19.0 cavity insulation
- 	|		Comments: ______________________________________________________________

**Notes:**
Review of the Inspection Checklist in full

## Slide 81

## Slide 82

## Slide 83

## Slide 84

## Case Study – REScheck Software

- Jones Residence, Atlanta GA

**Notes:**
This case study is based on a location where the mandatory solar heat gain requirement applies.  This is to show the orientation and trade off features for overhangs that can be used in RESCheck.

## Building Envelope

- Building Envelope

**Conditioned Basement**

**Conditioned Main Floor**

**Building Section**

**Notes:**
The conditioned area or building envelope is the first thing that needs to be defined for REScheck inputs.

The highlighted areas on the plans and building section show the areas of the house that are conditioned.  

## Ceiling Area

- 2415 s.f.

**Notes:**
The ceiling area in this residence corresponds with the main floor area because the ceilings are flat.  If this plan contained vaulted areas, the ceiling area would need to be adjusted for the larger ceiling area created by the vault.

## Raised Heel or Energy Truss

**Notes:**
Vaulted ceilings are not the same as raised heel trusses.  This photo shows raised trusses (energy trusses or raised heel trusses) that allow for insulation to be evenly distributed along the truss rather than being compressed at the ends like standard trusses.  In REScheck the user is asked if the truss is “all-wood joist/rafter/truss” or “all-wood raised joist/rafter/truss”.  The trusses in this case study are not raised trusses.

## Exterior Wall Areas

**9’ Ceilings**

**9’ Ceilings**

**12’ Ceilings**

- _9’ Exterior Walls - __**2180 s.f.**_
- North – 690 s.f.
- South – 600 s.f.
- East – 440 s.f.
- West – 450 s.f.

- _12’ Exterior Walls - __**689 s.f.**_
- North – 221 s.f.
- South – 234 s.f.
- East – 52 s.f.
- West – 182 s.f.

- _3’ knee walls (between 9’&12’ sections) –  __**153 s.f.**_
- West – 69 s.f.
- East – 84 s.f.

**Notes:**
Exterior Walls:
The area of the exterior walls depend on the ceiling height of the space that the wall encloses.  The highlighted sections on the main floor plan show the ceiling heights in various areas of the residence.  The perimeter length of the exterior wall enclosing the space is multiplied by the wall height for the given area.  This wall height includes the depth of the rim joist.

The knee walls between the 9’ ceiling and 12’ ceiling sections also enclose the conditioned space.  

## Insulated Knee Walls

**Notes:**
Insulated knee wall between spaces with different ceiling heights.

## Including Rim Joists in the Exterior Wall Area

**Notes:**
The exterior wall height of the main floor walls includes the depth of the rim joist.

## Basement Walls -
below grade

- Basement Walls -
- below grade

- >50% below grade  =
- below grade concrete basement wall

**Notes:**
The “side” basement walls are assumed to be more than 50% below grade so the entire wall is considered a “below grade basement wall (solid masonry)”.  

## Basement Wall Areas

**Above Grade Bsmt Walls (exterior wood) =  837  s.f. (93’ x 9’)**
***     ******(entered as wood frame wall not a basement wall)***
**Below Grade Bsmt Walls = 1044 s.f. **
***	******Side basement walls = 360 s.f.***
***West Wall – 144 s.f***
***East Wall – 216 s.f.***
**	****Back basement wall = *****684 s.f. (*****76’x9’)**
***(solid concrete or masonry)***

- Above Grade
- Bmst Walls (exterior wood) – **837 s.f**.
-                        (93 ln. ft. x 9’ height)

- 144 s.f.

- 684 s.f.

- 216 s.f.

**Notes:**
Basement Walls:  
The “walkout” side  of the basement is an exterior wood wall with windows and doors and is entered as “wood frame wall – 16” o.c.”.  The perimeter length of this wall is 93’.  This length multiplied by the basement wall height of  9’ equals 837 square feet.

The “side” basement walls are assumed to be more than 50% below grade (see slide 6) so the entire wall is considered a “below grade basement wall (solid masonry)”. The perimeter length of these side walls equals 40 feet (360 s.f.).
The “back” basement wall is totally below grade and is considered a “below grade basement wall”.  The length of the back wall is 76 feet (684 s.f.).  

The area of all the below grade basement walls is 1044 square feet (116’ x 9’).

## Basement Walls -
REScheck inputs

- Basement Walls -
- RES*check* inputs

- “back” below grade basement wall
- (entire back wall is adjacent to crawlspace

- “side” below grade basement walls

**Notes:**
Screen shots of the below grade basement wall REScheck inputs are shown.

The back basement wall is assumed to have 7’ of the 9’ basement wall below grade (the 2’ above grade portion is the crawlspace section adjacent to the basement wall).  The entire wall is assumed to be adjacent to the crawlspace for simplicity (this assumption is conservative).  Users can separate the “back” basement wall into two sections (one adjacent to the crawlspace and one adjacent to the garage (9’ below grade) if they wish.

The side basement walls are assumed to be 4.5’ below grade.  This assumption takes the average of the front of the wall that is totally above grade and the back section which is 9’ below grade.

## Floor Area

- Crawlspace Area - 783 s.f.

**Notes:**
The area of the floor above the crawlspace is entered as a “floor” in REScheck.  The floor is insulated between the floor joists.

If the crawlspace wall had been insulated rather than the floor above the crawlspace, the perimeter length of the foundation stem wall would have been entered with the “crawlspace” tab in REScheck.   

Note:  Do not enter a floor component (area)  if you enter the floor as a crawlspace (with perimeter “crawl wall” insulation).

The area of the crawlspace is highlighted in the above floor plan (783 s.f.).

## Slab Perimeter 

- Slab Perimeter

- Slab Perimeter - 93 linear feet

- Line represents the slab edge to be calculated in linear feet.

**Notes:**
The “front edge” of the basement exterior wall  (above grade) is entered as a “slab” in REScheck.  The perimeter edge measures 93 feet.

##  Perimeter Slab Insulation

-  Perimeter Slab Insulation

**Notes:**
Example slab edge perimeter insulation.

## Insulation Levels 

- Insulation Levels

- Roof/Ceiling - R-38 batts
- Wall - R-19 batts
- Floor - R-19 batts
- Slab - R-5 rigid (24” vertical)

**Notes:**
Building Sections are used to clarify insulation locations and levels for REScheck inputs.

## Window/ Door Area 

- Window/ Door Area

- _Window Area - 533 s.f.; _
- _U-value = 0.40 & SHGC .40_
- North – 369 s.f.
- South – 149 s.f.
- West – 15 s.f.

- North

- South

- East

- West

- _Glass Doors <50% glass - 40 s.f.; U-value = 0.50_
- North – 40 s.f.
- _Opaque Doors - 40 s.f.; U-value = 0.50_
- South – 40 s.f.

**Notes:**
Window and door areas are listed to simplify REScheck inputs.

## Overhang/Projection Factor (PF) 

- Overhang/Projection Factor (PF)

**PF= A/B**
**PF=0.15**

**Notes:**
Overhangs should be calculated an input into REScheck for compliance in areas with <3500 HDD

##  Sunroom Addition

-  Sunroom Addition

**Ceiling – 350 s.f.**
**East Wall – 18 s.f.**
**West Wall – 252 s.f.**
**West Windows – 144 s.f**
** ****(U-value .35/SHGC .40)**
**North Wall – 112 s.f.**
**North Windows – 63 s.f.**
** ****(U-value .35/SHGC .40)**
**South Wall – 126 s.f.**
**South Windows – 51 s.f.**
**  ****(U-value .35/SHGC .40)**
**Floor – 350 s.f.**

## Sunroom Addition/REScheck Screenshot

## Addition w/Existing House

## Building Energy Codes Program

- Website  _[www.energycodes.gov](http://www.energycodes.gov/)_
- On-line technical help form:
- _[http://www.energycodes.gov/helpdesk](http://www.energycodes.gov/helpdesk)_