# Presentation: 391227

## What have we Learned from ACE-Asia?

**The ACE-Asia Science Team**
- Tim Bates (NOAA PMEL),
-  Phil Russell (NASA Ames), and
- Barry J. Huebert
- Department of Oceanography
- University of Hawaii
- Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
- _[huebert@hawaii.edu](mailto:huebert@hawaii.edu)_
- BJH supported by NSF-ATM

## What have we learned from ACE-Asia?

**Air pollution changes dust aerosols in many ways**, adding black carbon, toxic materials, and acidic gases to the mineral particles. These change its impact on health, climate, and the delivery of nutrient iron to the remote Pacific ocean.
- The dust that goes from East Asia to the Pacific **does not absorb nearly as much light** as the dark aerosol from South Asia or some previous Saharan dust data. There are dramatic regional differences in the optical properties of aerosols.
- Combining ACE-Asia suborbital and satellite measurements yields monthly average (April 2001), **cloud-free aerosol radiative forcing at the surface in ACE-Asia exceeding -30 W m-2** in a plume downwind of Japan and in the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and Sea of Japan.

- B.Huebert, ACE-Asia, 12/02

## Observations by all these platforms were coordinated to connect surface and profile measurements.

**NSF/NCAR C-130**

**NOAA R/V Ron Brown**

**Navy/CIRPAS Twin Otter**

**Korean Kosan**

- B. Huebert, ACE-Asia, 12/2002

**Photo: B. Huebert**

**Photo: B. Huebert**

**Photo: A. Clarke**

**Photo: T. Bates**

## Dust acts like a sponge, soaking up pollutant gases and aerosols. It can then transport these materials to other continents.

- B. Huebert, ACE-Asia, 12/2002

**Dust acts like a sponge, soaking up pollutant gases and aerosols. It can then transport these materials to other continents.**

## In April, 2001, the dust cloud from a Chinese storm passed over the Midwest, over NE US, and across the Atlantic to the Azores.

**In April, 2001, the dust cloud from a Chinese storm passed over the Midwest, over NE US, and across the Atlantic to the Azores.**
**This Chinese dust storm had such a large impact on visibility in Colorado that it was featured in national newscasts.**

*From*: http://capita.wustl.edu/AsiaDust0104/reports/ThePerfectStorm.htm

- B. Huebert, ACE-Asia, 12/2002

## SO2 and Scattering Profiles

- <date/time>

**SO****2**** and ****Scattering**** Profiles**

- Courtesy of Blomquist, UH; Bandy, Drexel; Masonis & Anderson, U. Washington
- B. Huebert, ACE-Asia, 12/2002

**Not all layers are the same: some dust layers are more modified by pollution than others.**
**SO****2**** and dust co-exist from 4-5 km, but dust has scavenged all SO****2**** from the 3-4 km layer.**

- Blue = Total Scatt
- Green= <1um Scatt
- Red = SO2

- D

- D

- D

- P

- P

- P

- D

- C-130 sounding over Yellow Sea

## This absorption warms layers of the air, potentially inhibiting rainfall in places. This has implications for agriculture, fire suppression, and many other issues.

**Asian pollution is much blacker than North American.**

- B.Huebert, ACE-Asia, 12/02

**This absorption warms layers of the air, ****potentially inhibiting rainfall**** in places. This has implications for agriculture, fire suppression, and many other issues.**

## exceeding -30 W m-2 (strong cooling!)

**exceeding -30 W m****-2**** (strong cooling!)**
- 	in a plume downwind of Japan and in the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and Sea of Japan. By contrast,
**warming by all greenhouse gases is +3 W m****-2****.**
- However, recall that this aerosol cooling is regional, while the warming is global.
**Several optical properties of aerosols are needed to calculate this direct radiative forcing. They are very different in air exiting East Asia for the Pacific than in other locations.**

- B.Huebert, ACE-Asia, 12/02

## AOD can be derived from satellites

**AOD** can be derived from satellites
- (although they only see radiation emerging from the top of the atmosphere, TOA)
- Energy changes differ for surface, TOA, and absorbing layers.

- B.Huebert,
- ACE-Asia
- 12/02

## Combining the SeaWiFS data and ACE-Asia in situ aerosol optical properties allows us to estimate the direct surface aerosol forcing: about -30 w/m2, large and negative (cooling)

**However, absorption causes **_**atmospheric**_** warming !**

- B.Huebert, ACE-Asia, 12/02

## What does this mean to general public?

- We can observe "dust" transport half way around the globe by satellite.  However it is not just dust, it is dust mixed with pollution.We have to think of atmospheric chemistry and its impact on air quality and climate change as global issues.
- We can not measure dust in one region and assume that dust everywhere around the Earth will have the same impacts on climate. Dust and pollution aerosol properties vary regionally.
- The regional net surface cooling effect of aerosols downwind of Asia (-30 w/m2) is much higher (by 10x) than the TOA warming by greenhouse gases.  The climatic impact of this cooling is still being assessed.
- ACE-Asia data is publicly available at _[http://saga.pmel.noaa.gov/aceasia/](http://saga.pmel.noaa.gov/aceasia/)_
- huebert@hawaii.edu

- B.Huebert, ACE-Asia, 12/02

## Funding Agencies - THANKS!!

- B. Huebert, ACE-Asia, 12/2002

- Australia 	ARC - Australian Research Council
-                	COSSA - CSIRO Office of Space Science Applications
-                	CoA-MNRF Program (Major National Research facilities of the Commonwealth of Australia)
-                	Australian Government Analytical Laboratories
- China 	 Institute of Earth Environment, Xian
-                	Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Beijing
-                	Chinese Natural National Science Foundation
-                	Chinese Academy of Sciences
-                	State Science & Technology Committee
- Chinese Taipei 	Academia Sinica, Environmental Change Research Project (ECRP)
-                	National Science Council, NSC
- France 	CNRS/INSU/PNCA (Programme National Chimie Atmosphérique)
- Japan 	Japan Science & Technology Corporation (JST)
-                	National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA)/ADEOS-II satellite program
-                	University of Kyoto, Graduate School of the Environment
-               	 Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology (CREST)
-                	Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan
- Korea 	Korea Science and Engineering Foundation
- 	Korean Meteorological Administration
- UK 	Natural Environment Research Council
**US** 	**NSF Atmospheric Chemistry Program**
-                	NSF Atmospheric Sciences Facilities
-                	NOAA OGP – Aerosol Project
-                	NOAA OAR
-                	ONR
-                	NSF Large Scale Dynamic Meteorology Program
-                	NSF Climate Dynamics Program
-                	NASA SIMBIOS Project
-                	NASA Radiation Program
-                	NASA Global Aerosol Climatology Project
-               	 NASA CERES (EOS)
-                	NASA ACMAP
-                	DOE Atmospheric Chemistry Program
-                	DOE ARM
-                	University of California Pacific Rim Program

**Funding Agencies - THANKS!!**

- Photo: B. Huebert, Asian aerosols color a sunset over the Pacific