# Presentation: 938672

## IP-v6Drivers for Aviation&Usage Concepts

- Terry L Davis
- Boeing Commercial Airplanes
- (Advisor to the North America IPv6 Task Force)

## Aviation IP-v6 Drivers

**ARINC 664 usage of IP-v 4 RFC 1918 private addressing**
**(Ideal for initial deployments but in the longer term...)**
**Precludes seamless link handoff (mobility)**
**Not directly routable on the Internet with Network Address Translation (NAT)**
**Precludes ground initiated communications**
**Precludes the use of multiple service providers without complex address translation gateways for simultaneous use or handoff**
**Conflicts with airline corporate IT usage of 1918 addressing**
**(Creates corporate network routing problems)**
**Requires the use of special non-standard techniques to correctly identify the aircraft to the Internet**
**Precludes the common mesh network communication new ATC systems will require (any to any communication)**

## Aviation IP-v6 Drivers

**IP-v4 Public (routable) address depletion**
**http://www.tndh.net/~tony/ietf/IPv4-delegated-per-RIR.pdf**
**http://www.apnic.net/meetings/22/program/panel.html **
**Simply there will not be addressing available for our aircraft, each aircraft will ultimately require three or more separate public network address ranges.**

## Other v6 Drivers

- DOD Mandates
- Asian and European government mandates & goals
- Air Traffic Control direction to IP-v6
- Operating System and Hardware support and changes
- 3G, VoIP, and Gaming
- Application compatibility
- Project/program scale

## v6 Growth Versus Product Life

**Product Life**

**V6 Utilization**

**25 years**

**0%**

**100%**

**Optimistic**

**Pessimistic**

**(Notional)**

- This means that aviation will LIVE in a mixed
- V4 & v6 environment in both the air and ground
- Infrastructures for the next 20+ years!

## v6 Equipment/Application Compatibility & Staff Skills

**Product Life**

**V6 Compatibility & Staff Skill**

**25 years**

**0%**

**100%**

**Application**
**Compatibility**

**Staff Skills**

**(Notional)**

**Equipment Compatibility**

## Preparation for v6

**v6 Strategic planning**
**Strategic Network Architecture based on the ARINC Domain model**
**Early adopter support plans**
**v4 and v6 co-existence strategy (air & ground)**
**V4 and v6 co-existence architecture planning**
**v6 “green field” architectures**
**Network implementation planning**
**Security Planning**
**Equipment planning **
**Application planning**

## V6 QoS & Traffic ManagementArchitecture Example 

***v6 systems can join multiple networks***
- Implications:
- Architecture could assign networks for specific uses
- Traffic could be segregated by network
- High QoS can be assigned to “a” network
- Voice on one, video on one, etc.
- Special comm priority networks could be created
- ATC, FANS, ACARS, etc
- Link capacity could be managed by “network priority” not just “packet priority”
- System capability growth could be managed over time
- Older less capable systems assigned to specific networks
- Newer capabilities to other networks

## Network Partitioning by ServiceArchitecture Example

- Network Partitioning by ServiceArchitecture Example

- QoS & Security Service Levels for:
** ****Network Control**
** ****Voice over IP**
** ****High Priority**
** ****Special Projects**
** ****General Purpose**

**NSPs/Airlines/Framers/Suppliers/etc**

**PIES**

**Security Perimeter**

**VOIP**

**AOC**

**Networks are logically partitioned.**
***Many logical networks share a common physical infrastructure.***
**QoS can be managed by both network & flow**

**ATC**

**Network Infra.**

**Net-Mgt**
**& Routing**

**Data Center**

**Security Mgt**

**PIES**

## Security – Architecture Example

- IP-v6 Networks could:
- Require authentication to join
- Have different authentications (ATC/AOC/PIES)
- Have different security levels and encryption
- Utilize Transponder codes
- For authentication
- For encryption keying
- Individual systems with a single interface could:
- Join multiple secure networks simultaneously
- With different security levels (MLS) per network
- With different encryption per network
- With different QoS

## IP-v6 Network Overlay ConceptArchitecture Example

**Concept:  ****Enable unified communications without impacting existing legacy services**

**US Division**

**Europe Home Office**

**Asian Partner**

## Conceptual v6 Strategic ArchitectureSummary

- IP-v6 could provide a seamless NSP control handoffs
- Traffic segregation by network could provide better comm link mgmt and QoS than IP-v4 (+matches Domain model).
- GPS based v6 addressing could potentially allow significant control and data routing improvements.
- Layering of v6 networks could allow segregation of networks with similar capabilities and security levels.
- Security in a v6 architecture could be "network" based.
- “capability/compatibility" layers could allow change/evolution without updates of products, or fleets.

## Conceptual v6 Aviation Strategy

**Full conversion is evolutionary over more than 25 years**
- Platforms will requires IP-v6 interoperability before end-of-life
- Specific customers will require support for v6
***Timeline to implement is in years from the first start***
- Leverage aviation assets and expertise globally
- Grow the base of v6 compatible equipment
- Grow the base of v6 staff skills through industry sponsored training
- Conversions are based on requirements or business case
**Regulatory changes will be needed to both allow and support IP-v6**

## IP-v6 Summary

**IP-v6 WILL HAPPEN!**
**Aviation must operate in a dual environment of v4 & v6**
**Full transition to IP-v6 will not happen within 25 years!**
**V6 can evolve in the industry without major disruptive investments (if we plan for it)!**

## EUROCONTROL IPv6 Addressing and Autonomous System Numbers

- AERONAUTICAL COMMUNICATIONS PANEL (ACP)
- 11th MEETING OF SUB-WORKING GROUP N-1
- Working Paper 1108

## IPv6 Addressing Scheme 

- The IPv6 addressing scheme had been developed within the context of the former EUROCONTROL iPAX Task Force.
-  This is the scheme that is being deployed.

## BASIC IPV6 ADDRESS SPACE ASSIGNMENTS AND BGP AS NUMBERS

- Each stakeholder is initially assigned with a network prefix. On the basis of this network prefix, each organisation can advertise the associated /42 IPv6 address prefix at their network border.
- EUROCONTROL enters this information into the RIPE database and indicate the address space as being “sub-allocated”.
- Two /48 prefixes are assigned (one for real v6 nodes and the other to represent virtual v4 nodes) for operational networks
- Two/48 prefixes are assigned  for pre-operational networks will be assigned. This corresponds to 2 values of the F2 field complemented by the v4/v6 toggle bit. EUROCONTROL will enter this information into the RIPE database on behalf of the organisation.
- These 4 assignments are referred to as the “basic assignment”.
- This process will provide the same address space to all organisations irrespective of their size.
- Private BGP AS numbers within the range [64512 to 65535] are defined on the basis of the first IPv6 address assignment (v4/v6 bit and F2 set to 0).
- An algorithm based on 4 hexadecimal values (nibbles) that immediately follow the /32 assignment:
- When the first nibble equals zero, the AS number is equal to the sum of decimal value 64600 and the decimal value of the following two nibbles; assignments with such values correspond to national/local networks and entities.
- When the first nibble equals one, the AS number is equal to the sum of decimal value 65100 and the decimal value of the following two nibbles; assignments with such values correspond to regional networks and entities.
- When the first nibble equals two, the AS number is equal to the sum of decimal value 65200 and the decimal value of the following two nibbles; assignments with such values correspond to pan-European networks and entities.

## Eurocontrol IPv6 Addressing and AS Numbering Scheme