# Presentation: 294005

## Session 1: 

- This session will introduce the concept of natural hazards and disasters at the coast through the example of the recent tsunami disaster in the Indian Ocean.

**Session 1: **
**The 2004 **
**Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster**

- (Source:  NASA Earth Observatory;  aerial           photo of Kalutara Beach, Sri Lanka on 12/26/04)

**Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster**
**Coastal Hazards Management Course**

**Slide 1. 1, Lecture Outline**

## Coastal Hazards can be defined as natural hazards that occur within the coastal zone. The hazards discussed in this course can happen in the coastal zone, but occur in other locations as well.

**Slide 1. ****, Introduction**

- A disaster is when a natural hazard clashes with humans and development.
- The Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster of December 26, 2004 will be discussed in this session.

**Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster**
**Coastal Hazards Management Course**

- (Source:_[http://homepage.mac.com/demark/tsunami/2.html](http://homepage.mac.com/demark/tsunami/2.html)__)_

- (Source: _[http://](http://sunsite.nus.edu.sg/asiasvc.html)__[sunsite.nus.edu.sg/asiasvc.html](http://sunsite.nus.edu.sg/asiasvc.html)_)

## The Setting – Natural Environment I 

**The Setting – Natural Environment I **

**Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster**
**Coastal Hazards Management Course**

**Slide 1. ****, The Setting**

- (Source:_[http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~small/Pop/HypsoDemo/S.E.Asia.html](http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~small/Pop/HypsoDemo/S.E.Asia.html)_)

## The Setting – Natural Environment II

- (Source: USGS)

**To see significant ridges in the Indian Ocean: **

- _[http://ace.acadiau.ca/science/geol/rraeside/quizzes/worldmap3i.htm](http://ace.acadiau.ca/science/geol/rraeside/quizzes/worldmap3i.htm)__  _

**Slide 1. ****, The Natural Hazard**

**Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster**
**Coastal Hazards Management Course**

## The Natural Hazard – What is a Tsunami? 

**The Natural Hazard – What is a Tsunami? **

**Slide 1. ****, The Natural Hazard**

- To see a visual representation of tsunami generation, follow this weblink:

**Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster**
**Coastal Hazards Management Course**

- _[http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/645fall2003_web.dir/elena_suleimani/generation_small.mov](http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/645fall2003_web.dir/elena_suleimani/generation_small.mov)__ _

- (Source:http://cse.ssl.berkeley.edu/lessons/indiv/davis/inprogress/QuakesEng3.html)

## The Natural Hazard – How it Happened 

**The Natural Hazard – How it Happened**

**Slide 1. ****, The Natural Hazard**

- (Source: NOAA)

- Use the links provided above to watch simulations of tsunamis.
- The tsunami of December 26, 2004 is believed to have been caused by a 9.0-9.3 magnitude earthquake, have a wave height of up to 10 meters, and inundated land up to 2 kilometers from the shoreline in some areas.

**Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster**
**Coastal Hazards Management Course**

- _[http://](http://es.ucsc.edu/~ward/indo.mov)__[es.ucsc.edu/~ward/indo.mov](http://es.ucsc.edu/~ward/indo.mov)__ _
- _http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/world/04/tsunami/swf/tsunami.swf?path=/nol/shared/spl/hi/world/04/tsunami/_

## The Disaster – Where it Happened

**The Disaster – Where it Happened**

**Slide 1. ****, The Disaster **

- (Source: _[www.reliefweb.int](http://www.reliefweb.int/)_)

- The tsunami struck a number of countries and took from 15 minutes to seven hours to reach the different coastlines.

**Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster**
**Coastal Hazards Management Course**

- _[http://www.guardian.co.uk/flash/0,5860,1380592,00.html](http://www.guardian.co.uk/flash/0,5860,1380592,00.html)__ _
- Follow this link to see a NOAA slide show giving a timeline with places hit by the tsunami

- (Source:_[http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2004/tsunami.disaster/](http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2004/tsunami.disaster/)__ )_

## The Disaster – Human Loss

**The Disaster – Human Loss**

**Slide 1. ****, The Disaster**

- This animation makes it possible to see how people and property could easily be swept out to the open ocean, with devastating effects.

- (Source: CNN; http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2004/tsunami.disaster/)

**Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster**
**Coastal Hazards Management Course**

- Animation Example of run-up and its effects on the built environment:** **
- _[http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/645fall2003_web.dir/elena_suleimani/runup4.mov](http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/645fall2003_web.dir/elena_suleimani/runup4.mov)_

## The Disaster – Property Loss 

**The Disaster – Property Loss **

**Slide 1. ****, The Disaster**

**Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster**
**Coastal Hazards Management Course**

- Before and after satellite images of the damage

- (Source: NASA Earth Observatory)

## The Disaster – Economic Loss

**The Disaster – Economic Loss**

**Slide 1. ****, The Disaster**

- (Source:http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2004/tsunami.disaster/)

**Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster**
**Coastal Hazards Management Course**

- (Source: _[http://](http://www.lonelyplanet.com/tsunami/srilanka.cfm)__[www.lonelyplanet.com/tsunami/srilanka.cfm](http://www.lonelyplanet.com/tsunami/srilanka.cfm)_)** **

- The impact on coastal fishing communities and fishermen has been devastating with high losses of income earners as well as boats and fishing gear** **

- The Sri Lankan Ministry of Labour and Employment has estimated that as many as 800,000 people lost their jobs due to the tsunami.** **

## The Setting – Socio-Political Environment

**The Setting – Socio-Political Environment**

**Slide 1. ****, The Setting **

- The countries most influenced by the tsunami include:  Indonesia, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia, India, & Sri Lanka

- (Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_-_affected_countries.png)

- (Source:http://www.washcoll.edu/wc/news/press_releases/images/tsunami_map.gif)

**Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster**
**Coastal Hazards Management Course**

## The Setting – Built Environment 

**The Setting – Built Environment**

- (Source:http://tourism.gov.my/statistic/hotels_rooms_supply.asp)

- May 18, 1980

**Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster**
**Coastal Hazards Management Course**

| State  | Supply of Hotels  |  |  | Supply of Rooms  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 2003  | 2002  | (%) Change  | 2003  | 2002  | (%) Change  |
| Kuala Lumpur  | 177    | 180    | -1.7  | 27,045    | 26,917    | 0.5  |
| Selangor  | 83    | 90    | -7.8  | 12,182    | 11,910    | 2.3  |
| Pulau Pinang  | 128    | 109    | 17.4  | 12,767    | 11,972    | 6.6  |
| Johor  | 191    | 217    | -12.0  | 10,778    | 12,136    | -11.2  |
| Melaka  | 79    | 85    | -7.1  | 5,994    | 6,803    | -11.9  |
| Pahang  | 274    | 227    | 20.7  | 20,428    | 14,850    | 37.6  |
| Kedah  | 124    | 106    | 17.0  | 10,435    | 9,631    | 8.3  |
| Perak  | 167    | 167    | 0.0  | 7,685    | 7,527    | 2.1  |
| Negeri Sembilan  | 51    | 58    | -12.1  | 4,479    | 4,722    | -5.1  |
| Terengganu  | 181    | 142    | 27.5  | 6,913    | 5,903    | 17.1  |
| Kelantan  | 65    | 63    | 3.2  | 2,834    | 2,564    | 10.5  |
| Perlis  | 9    | 6    | 50.0  | 389    | 318    | 22.3  |
| Labuan  | 22    | 21    | 4.8  | 931    | 964    | -3.4  |
| Sabah  | 183    | 167    | 9.6  | 10,580    | 9,904    | 6.8  |
| Sarawak  | 255    | 240    | 6.3  | 10,940    | 10,421    | 5.0  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

**Slide 1. ****, The Setting **

- Tourist Hotels contribute a large amount of development to the built environment in the coastal zones of the Indian Ocean, in sharp contrast with the housing available to residents in this very poor region.
- Tourism, along with agriculture and fishing are the major industries driving the economies of Southeast Asia.

- Supply of hotels in the states of Malaysia

## Recovery Efforts 

**Recovery Efforts**

**Slide 1. ****, Recovery Efforts**

- (Source:_[http://www.washcoll.edu/wc/news/press_releases/05_01_04_tsunami.html](http://www.washcoll.edu/wc/news/press_releases/05_01_04_tsunami.html)__)_

- The plight of the many affected people and countries prompted a widespread humanitarian response

**Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster**
**Coastal Hazards Management Course**

- (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitarian_response_to_the_2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake)

- (Source:http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4500992)

## Reconstruction Efforts I

**Reconstruction Efforts I**

**Slide 1. ****, Reconstruction Efforts**

**Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster**
**Coastal Hazards Management Course**

- Source:_[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/TsunamiAftermathNorthofPhuket_NASA.jpg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/TsunamiAftermathNorthofPhuket_NASA.jpg)__)_

## Reconstruction Efforts II

- (Source:http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4500992)

- (Source:http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20525827~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html)

**Slide 1. ****, Reconstruction Efforts**

**Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster**
**Coastal Hazards Management Course**