# Presentation: 646815

## More beam (muons) from the AGS 

- AGS RHIC Users Group Meeting
- EDM Workshop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- 7 June 2006
- Phil Pile

## Outline

- AGS Issues
- V1 Beam Line – present limitations
- V1 Beam Line – possible improvements
- To Do

- More beam from the AGS

## The experts

**BNL**
- Hugh Brown – V1 / Beam Line Design
**University of Illinois **
- Peter Kammel
- Paul Debevec
- Sara Knaack
- They began studies over two years ago on how to improve Hugh Brown’s V1 beam line design.

## g-2 short history

**E821 (as run)**
- 	_**Year**__**	**_**          **_**Weeks **_**     **_**Hours**_**	**_**Integrated Protons**_**     **_**Remarks**_
- 	1996		8	196	-		     pulse-on-demand
- 	1997		8				     pulse-on-demand
- 			4	546	0.13 x 1020	     1st physics run
- 	1998		2				     pulse-on-demand
- 			4	254	0.08 x 1020
- 	1999		2				     pulse-on-demand
- 			9	924	0.4 x 1020
- 	2000	              12            1312	0.5 x 1020
- 	2001	              12              793	0.6 x 1020
- 	**TOTALS          63            4025****	****1.7 x 10****20**
**E969 (my estimate)**
**	**2010                10              960              -                               Commissioning
-       2011                21            1920             1.3 x 102                   15 weeks with RHIC on
**	**
**AGS Total integrated protons (SEB+FEB), 1993-2002 = 6.5 x 10****20**

## AGS performance

**PROTON BEAM****	****FY96 ****	****            FY97****	****                                        FY98/99****	****	****FY2000 ****	****FY2001****	**** FY2002**
**	****SEB ****	****SEB****	****FEB (g-2)****	****SEB****	****FEB (g-2)****	****FEB (g-2)****	****FEB (g-2)****	**** SEB**
- Beam Energy	24 GeV	24 GeV	24 GeV	24 GeV	24 GeV	24 GeV 	24 GeV* 	22 GeV*
- Peak Beam Intensity	62 x 1012 ppp	62 x 1012 ppp	46 x 1012 ppp	72 x 1012 ppp	58 x 1012 ppp	61 x 1012 ppp 	63 x 1012 ppp 	76 x 1012 ppp
- Total protons accelerated	0.9 x 1020 	0.4 x 1020 	0.1 x 1020	0.9 x 1020	0.4 x 1020	0.5 x 1020	 0.6 x 1020	0.7 x 1020
- Spill Length/Cycle Time	1.6 sec/3.6 sec	1.6 sec/3.6 sec		2.8 sec/5.1 sec				2.4 sec/5.4 sec
-      ->  Duty Cycle	44%	44%		55% 				44%
- Spill Structure Modulation
- (peak-average) /average	20%	20%		20%				20%
- Average Availability
- /Best Week	76% / 92%	71% / 79%	58 % / 67 %	71% / 88%	55 % / 83 %	74 % / 87 %	83 % / 88 %	85 % / 97 %
**HEAVY ION  BEAM****	****Au****	****Au****	****Fe (NASA)****	****Au****	****Fe (NASA)****	****Fe (NASA)****	****Fe (NASA)****	****Fe (NASA)**
- Beam Energy /nucleon	11 / 4 / 2 GeV	11 / 8 / 6 GeV	1.0 / 0.6 GeV	11 GeV	1.0 / 0.6 GeV	1.0 GeV	1.0 GeV	1.0 GeV
- Peak Beam Intensity	4 x 108 Au/p 	17 x 108 Au/p 	20 x 108 Fe/p 	9 x 108 Au/bunch	36 x 108 Fe/p	17 x 108 Fe/p	80 x 108 Fe/p	49 x 108 Fe/p
- Spill Length/Cycle Time	1.4 sec/3.6 sec	1.5 sec/4.0 sec		1.2 sec/3.0 sec		0.9 sec/3.3 sec	0.9 sec/3.3 sec	0.9 sec/3.3 sec
-      ->  Duty Cycle	39%	38%		40 %		27%	27%	27%
- Spill Structure Modulation
- (peak-average) /average	<20%	<20%		<20%		<20%	<20%	<20%
- Average Availability	80%	82 %	96 %	81 %	90 %	90 %	97 %	84 %
- 							           * Westinghouse
- 							              Motor  Generator

- T. Roser

## AGS/RHIC Accelerator Complex

**12:00 o’clock**

**2:00 o’clock**

**4:00 o’clock**

**6:00 o’clock**

**8:00 o’clock**

_***PHOBOS***_

**10:00 o’clock**

_***BRAHMS***_

**RHIC**

**AGS**

**LINAC**

**BOOSTER**

**TANDEMS**

**NSRL (NASA)**

** ******** ****g-2**

**U-line**

**Pol. Proton Source**

**High Intensity Source**

- Slow extraction

- Fast extraction

_**AGS:**_
- Intensity: 7  1013 protons/pulse
- Injector to RHIC:
- < 1 hour about every 4 hours

## AGS Complex

**Booster**

**AGS**

**V1 ********/******** Beam Line**

****** ****g-2 experiment**

**to RHIC**

**Linac**

**TTB**

**C-AD Admin**

**NSRL**

_***AGS and Booster need a re-hab before ***_
_***returning to high intensity***_

## 3.094 GeV/c muon channel, 8 quads

_***3.094 GeV/c muon channel, 8 quads***_

_***3.15 GeV/c pion front end***_

_***Inflector***_

_**E821 beam line and muon storage ring**_

## Beam Studies Summary March 16 ‘06

| Condition |  N | NP2 | Fig of Merit |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| for 1x | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1 |
| for 2x | 2.503 | 2.492 | 2.338 |
| for 4x | 3.721 | 3.698 | 3.180 |
| for 4x pi+3% | 3.529 | 3.265 | 2.435 |
| for 4x pi+5% | 3.244 | 2.650 | 1.622 |
| back 1x | 0.661 | 0.666 | 0.818 |
| back 2x | 1.924 | 1.793 | 1.606 |
| back 4x | 2.703 | 2.460 | 1.747 |
| back 4x qs | 3.010 | 2.694 | 1.787 |

**Forward:  + 3% looks promising. Factor 2.4 over E821. ****Main uncertainties: model/reality difference in P******** scaling (factor 2), pion flash prediction, phase space effect. ****Can largely be verified in beam test run. Investigate K1/K2 improvement.**
**Backward:  Factor 1.75 over E821 with effort. Gets hit twice by 2****nd**** order effects (intensity and phase space losses). Needs to overcome those to remain competitive.**
**Main uncertainties: New injection beam line and 2****nd**** order effects. Higher cost and effort.**
**Can only be partially verified in beam test run.**

**differences   Peter****	****sightly different tunes****	****fit of XX’ sigma (Dave)****	****optimized injection mag in q tune****	****forward -8% due to finite target**

- (Peter Kammel Slide)

_***What I’ll discuss today***_

- See _[http://www.npl.uiuc.edu:8081/](http://www.npl.uiuc.edu:8081/)__ for more_

##  decay channel (3 GeV/c ’s)

_*** ***__***decay channel (3 GeV/c ***__******__***’s)***_
_***Add 30 new 4Q24’s***_

_***New Inflector***_

_**E969 beam line and muon storage ring**_

_***IMPROVED E821 Beam Line***_

_***New VQ12***_

## So how do we get more muons?

**The basic approach** - Reduce beta function in decay channel (add quads) and get more muons into storage ring with no increase in pions.
**Some Issues:**
- Pion flash
- First order beam blow-up due to extended target
- 2nd order beam blow-up
- Inflector/Ring admittance
- Muon Polarization

## x (cm)

**16         12         8          4           0          4           8          12     cm or cm/%**

- y (cm)

- dy/dp (cm/%)

- dx/dp (cm/%)

**10           20         30           40          50          60          70           80          90         100    meters**

- The E821 beam line (1 % dp/p), 3.15 GeV/c pion beam
_**FIRST**_ ORDER CALCULATION and target _**0**_ cm d/s

- 1. 0.2616 17.0 0.1880 60.0 8.776 1.0 3.1523 /pion/ ;

- P1

- P2

## x (cm)

**16         12         8          4           0          4           8          12     cm or cm/%**

- y (cm)

- dy/dp (cm/%)

- dx/dp (cm/%)

**10           20         30           40          50          60          70           80          90         100    meters**

- The E821 w/4X FODO beam line (1 % dp/p), 3.15 GeV/c pion beam
_**FIRST**_ ORDER CALCULATION and target _**0**_ cm d/s

- 1. 0.2616 15.0 0.1880 80.0 8.776 1.0 3.1513 /pion/ ;

- P1

- P2

## x (cm)

**16         12         8          4           0          4           8          12     cm or cm/%**

- y (cm)

- dy/dp (cm/%)

- dx/dp (cm/%)

**10           20         30           40          50          60          70           80          90         100    meters**

- The E821 beam line (1 % dp/p), 3.15 GeV/c pion beam
_**SECOND**_ ORDER CALCULATION and target _**0**_ cm d/s

- 1. 0.2616 17.0 0.1880 60.0 8.776 1.0 3.1523 /pion/ ;

- P1

- P2

## x (cm)

**16         12         8          4           0          4           8          12     cm or cm/%**

- y (cm)

- dy/dp (cm/%)

- dx/dp (cm/%)

**10           20         30           40          50          60          70           80          90         100    meters**

- The E821 w/4X FODO beam line (1 % dp/p), 3.15 GeV/c pion beam
_**SECOND **_ORDER CALCULATION and target _**0**_ cm d/s

- 1. 0.2616 15.0 0.1880 80.0 8.776 1.0 3.1513 /pion/ ;

## x (cm)

**16         12         8          4           0          4           8          12     cm or cm/%**

- y (cm)

- dy/dp (cm/%)

- dx/dp (cm/%)

**10           20         30           40          50          60          70           80          90         100    meters**

- The E821 beam line (1 % dp/p), 3.15 GeV/c pion beam
_**FIRST**_ ORDER CALCULATION and target _**9**_ cm d/s

- 1. 0.2616 17.0 0.1880 60.0 8.776 1.0 3.1523 /pion/ ;

## x (cm)

**16         12         8          4           0          4           8          12     cm or cm/%**

- y (cm)

- dy/dp (cm/%)

- dx/dp (cm/%)

**10           20         30           40          50          60          70           80          90         100    meters**

- The E821 w/4X FODO beam line (1 % dp/p), 3.15 GeV/c pion beam
_**FIRST **_ORDER CALCULATION and target _**9**_ cm d/s

- 1. 0.2616 15.0 0.1880 80.0 8.776 1.0 3.1513 /pion/ ;

## x (cm)

**16         12         8          4           0          4           8          12     cm or cm/%**

- y (cm)

- dy/dp (cm/%)

- dx/dp (cm/%)

**10           20         30           40          50          60          70           80          90         100    meters**

- The E821 beam line (1 % dp/p), 3.15 GeV/c pion beam
_**SECOND**_ ORDER CALCULATION and target _**9**_ cm d/s

- 1. 0.2616 17.0 0.1880 60.0 8.776 1.0 3.1523 /pion/ ;

## x (cm)

**16         12         8          4           0          4           8          12     cm or cm/%**

- y (cm)

- dy/dp (cm/%)

- dx/dp (cm/%)

**10           20         30           40          50          60          70           80          90         100    meters**

- The E821 w/4X FODO beam line (1 % dp/p), 3.15 GeV/c pion beam
_**SECOND **_ORDER CALCULATION and target _**9**_ cm d/s

- 1. 0.2616 15.0 0.1880 80.0 8.776 1.0 3.1513 /pion/ ;

## x (cm)

**16         12         8          4           0          4           8          12     cm or cm/%**

- y (cm)

- dy/dp (cm/%)

- dx/dp (cm/%)

**10           20         30           40          50          60          70           80          90         100    meters**

- The E821 beam line (1 % dp/p), 3.15 GeV/c pion beam
_**SECOND**_ ORDER CALCULATION and target _**9**_ cm u/s

- 1. 0.2616 17.0 0.1880 60.0 8.776 1.0 3.1523 /pion/ ;

## x (cm)

**16         12         8          4           0          4           8          12     cm or cm/%**

- y (cm)

- dy/dp (cm/%)

- dx/dp (cm/%)

**10           20         30           40          50          60          70           80          90         100    meters**

- The E821 w/4X FODO beam line (1 % dp/p), 3.15 GeV/c pion beam
_**SECOND **_ORDER CALCULATION and target _**9**_ cm u/s

- 1. 0.2616 15.0 0.1880 80.0 8.776 1.0 3.1513 /pion/ ;

## The target length issue

_***The target length issue***_

## Slide 23

## Muon momentum (GeV/c)

- Muon Polarization

_***Pion Flash and polarization issues***_ – study with 3.15 GeV/c ± 90% pion momentum

- 4X FODO to u/s of P2
- (end of decay channel)

- Primodial muons

- 3.094 GeV/c ± 0.25%

## 3.094 GeV/c ± 0.25%

- 3.094 GeV/c ± 0.25%

_***The Pion Flash Issue***_

- 4X

- 1X

- Note rapid loss vs gradual loss of muons

## 3.094 GeV/c ± 0.25%

- 3.094 GeV/c ± 0.25%

_***The Pion Flash Issue***_

## The pion flash issue together with polarization loss and admittance issues

- 3.094 GeV/c ± 0.25%

## The pion flash issue together with polarization loss and admittance issues

***E821 muon momentum range***

**Takes into account admittance**

**Takes into account admittance**
**and polarization**

## Comparing Present (1X) to Proposed (4X) Beam Lineincludes muon admittance and p2 factor for polarizationBottom Line - EXPECTED IMPROVEMENT

***E821 muon momentum range***

- Better  rejection                 more  stored

## Summary of Beam Line Changes

**V Primary Transport**
- New VQ12 – to reduce primary beam losses
**V1 pion production target**
- Unchanged
**V1 ********/******** Beam Line**
- Reposition V1P1 upstream (more ’s collected)
- Add 30 New 4Q24 magnets in  decay channel
- Add earth shielding over V1 transport tunnel
- Improve shielding between beam line and storage ring
- New Inflector (open end)

## g-2 / beam line front end

- VQ12 replaced with 4” dia quad

- g-2 / beam line front end

## No Changes

## Move V1P1 upstream (longer decay channel)

- Shielding mods

## Add 30 quads to pion decay channel, collect more muons

## Improve shielding

- New open-end inflector
- Less multiple scattering, more muons stored

## To Do List

- Complete simulations to include transport to K3K4 and inflector for both the present beam line and the proposed beam line, done but with little thought and is not optimized.
- Include 19 cm length in simulation
- Can we reconcile differences between beam line measurements and simulations
- Are 30 quads (4X) in decay channel optimum? There’s room for more but pole tip field becomes a problem...

## Supplementary Information

## Slide 38

## What is needed to baseline the costs (not included in construction cost estimate)

**1.0 g-2 Ring/Building maintenance**
- 1 man month to engineer an air conditioning system for bldg 919
**1.1 V/V1 Beam Lines**
- 1 man-months engineering
- 1 man-months physicist
**1.2 Inflector **(see Meng talk)
- A quote from the Furukawa Company for superconductor
**1.3 E Quads**
- Nothing new, defendable
**1.8 Kicker**
- Nothing new, defendable
**1.11 Cryogenics **(to determine scope)
- 2 man-months engineering
- 1 man-month tech
**1.12 Vacuum System**
- 1 man-month engineering
**1.14 Booster/AGS**
- 0.5 man month engineering
- 0.5 man month physicist

**ES&H – review operation within present guidelines**
- 1 man-month physicist
- 1 man month engineer
**Preparation of Cost Books, Resource Loaded Schedules, CD0-1 documents etc**
- 4 man-months engineering
- 4 man--months physicist
**Summary**
- 11 man-month engineering
-   7 man-month physicist
-   1 man-month tech
**Required Budget ~ $360K**
**Calendar Time Required ~ 6-8 months**

## Muon g-2 Experiment Construction, Cost Summary

**Experiment Construction, Direct Costs****	**_**M$**_**	****       **_** Contingency**__** **_
- G-2 Ring and building			$   0.56		21%
- V/V1 Beam Line modifications		$   2.59		18%
- Inflector (open ends)			$   0.64		19%
- E-Quad rebuild			$   0.13		15%
- Additional muon Kicker			$   0.41		15%
- Cryogenic plant rehab			$   0.74		233%
- Ring Vacuum System 			$   0.16		29%
- Equipment Testing			$   0.63		20%
- Project Office				$   0.37		20%
**Sub-Total, direct costs****	****	****	****$   6.2**
**Indirects (reduced)****	****	****	****$   2.2**
**Contingency (44%)****	****	****	****$   3.7**
**Sub-Total, with indirects****	****	****	****$ 12.1**
**University (Detectors/DAQ)****	****	****$   1.4**
**Total (DOE)****	****	****	****	****$ 13.6**
**University (Detectors/DAQ - NSF)****	****	****$   1.0**

_***FY 2006 $’s***_

## AGS/Booster Restoration to High Intensity, Cost Summary

**AGS/Booster, Direct Costs****	****	**_**M$**_**	****        **_**Contingency**__** **_
- ES&H (CAPS)			$   2.63		28%
- Electrical Modifications		$   2.11		22%
- Mechanical Modifications		$   1.25		20%
- RF System Modifications		$   0.67		22%
- Instrumentation			$   0.34		20%
- Project Support			$   0.33		34%
- Controls	 			$   0.16		24%
**Sub-Total, direct costs****	****	****$   7.5**
**Indirects (reduced)****	****	****	****$   1.9**
**Contingency (24%)****	****	****	****$   2.3**
**Total****	****	****	****	****	****$  11.7**
**	****	****	**

_***FY 2006 $’s***_

## g-2 Experiment Operations, Cost Summary

**Base Plan (0.25 ppm experiment)****Y**_**ear**_**	****    **_**Wks w/RHIC**_**	**_**Wks Stand-Alone**_**    **_**Physics Wks**_**	**** **_**Cost (M$)**_** **
**	****1****st****         12****	****	****      0****	****	****        3****	****	****    $   5.8**
**	****2****nd****	****    **_**20**_**	****	****      **_**0**_**	****	****        **_**15**_**	****	****    $   **_**7.8**_
**Total          34                           0                            18                     $ 13.6**
**Additional 10-15 week year of running with RHIC adds ~$6-7M**
**	****	****	**

_***FY 2006 $’s***_

## g-2 Experiment Operations, Cost Summary

_**DOE Costs**_
- Baseline Costs (C-AD pre-construction)	                $   0.4
- Experiment Construction (mostly C-AD)		$ 12.1
- Universities					$   1.4
- AGS/Booster restoration to high intensity		$ 11.7
- Operations					_$ 13.6_
**Total****	****	****	****	****	****	****$ 39.2**** **
_**NSF Costs**_
**Universities****	****	****	****	****	****$   1.0**
**	****	****	**

_***FY 2006 $’s***_

## g-2 Experiment Operations Plan

## g-2 Experiment Operations (0.5 ppm)

_***FY 2006 $’s***_

## g-2 Experiment Operations (0.25 ppm)

_***FY 2006 $’s***_

## g-2 Experiment Operations (0.2 ppm)

_***FY 2006 $’s***_

## LEP Quads

- http://www-ap.fnal.gov/~bcbrown/Sources/LEP_Quad_Info.html