# Presentation: 772844

## Session 8 : Linking Relationships(12.7B8)

- What is the purpose of links?
- What are the different types of chronological relationships?
- When are 580 notes added to records?
- When should you not make a link?
- How are linking fields constructed?

**Notes:**
References
The trainer may want to consult the following documents for this session.
CONSER Cataloging Manual, Module 14
CONSER Editing Guide, Linking Entry Fields—General Information, 765/767, 770/772, 775, 777, 780, 785, 787

[Fields 760, 762, and 776 are not included in this session. Fields 760 and 762 are used by the ISSN centers to transmit the ISSN for main and subseries to the International Centre in Paris. Field 776 will be covered in another session.]

## Purpose and Types of Links

- Purpose:
- - To express the relationship of one or more titles to each other
- - To link records in a catalog
- Types of Links:
- - Chronological: those that link successive entry records resulting from major changes
- - Horizontal: those that link to related resources (covered in Sessions 9-10)

**Notes:**
Links are notes that, in the computer environment, can also link records to one another.  The rules upon which links are based are still in the notes area of Chapter 12.  But use of control numbers for records in links gives them far more potential, a potential unfortunately, that is not realized by most ILSs.

There are two kinds of links.  This session will cover links that result from major changes, including title changes.  Session 9 will cover links to related works, such as versions, supplements, and translations.

## Chronological Relationships

- Relationships of a serial to its predecessors and successors
- Each record covers a different span of time
- Relationships are given in fields 780 & 785
- 				Earlier Title (780)
- 			  Serial Being Cataloged (245)
- 				Later Title (785)

**Notes:**
Fields 780 and 785 are the most commonly used linking fields and are the only mandatory links in the serial core record, except for field 776 in some formats.

## First indicator: note controller

- Use value ‘0’ when an intelligible note can be displayed and no corresponding 580 field is present
- 780 00 $t Bulletin of the American Hospital Association ...
- Use value ‘1’ when a note is generated from another field or is not needed
-   580    Split into: Hospital practice (Hospital ed.), and Hospital practice (Office ed.)
-    785 16 $t Hospital practice (Hospital ed.) ...
-    785 16 $t Hospital practice (Office ed.) ...

**Notes:**
Note that the first indicator is the same for all linking fields. 

## 2nd indicator values: 780 Preceding Entry

- 2nd indicator--type of relationship
- 0  Continues
- 1  Continues in part
- 4  Formed by the union of ... and ...   (or Merger of ... and ...)
- 5  Absorbed
- 6  Absorbed in part
- 7  Separated from

**Notes:**
Field 780 expresses a number of different continuing relationships which are expressed by using the appropriate 2nd indicator value.  Only the values currently used in AACR2 records are given.  

Values 2 (Supersedes) and 3 (Supersedes in part) were used in pre-AACR2 records.

Note:  Merger of is the AACR2 wording.  MARC 21 is not based on any particular cataloging code.  

## 2nd indicator values—785 Succeeding Entry

- 0  Continued by
- 1  Continued in part by
- 4  Absorbed by
- 5  Absorbed in part by
- 6  Split into ... and ...
- 7  Merged with ... to form ...

**Notes:**
Values 2 (Superseded) and 3 (Supersedes in part) were used in pre-AACR2 records.

8  changed back to cannot be used because the later title would require a uniform title.

## Serial A is continued by serial B; serial A ceases to exist. Numbering continues or starts over again. 

Title A:
245 00  American junior colleges.
785 00  $t American community, technical, and junior 		  colleges $w ...
Title B:
245 00  American community, technical, and junior 	 	  colleges.
780 00  $t American junior colleges $w ...

**Title A:**
- 245 00  American junior colleges.
- 785 00  $t American community, technical, and junior 		  colleges $w ...
**Title B:**
- 245 00  American community, technical, and junior 	 	  colleges.
- 780 00  $t American junior colleges $w ...

- Chronological Relationships:Continues (_0)/Continued by (_0)

- .

**Notes:**
“Continues” and “Continued by” are the most common chronological relationships.

A 780 field can be given for an earlier title when the title is known, even when there is no  record online.

## Chronological Relationships:Split into (785 _6)/Cont. in part (780_1)

- Chronological Relationships:Split into (785 _6)/Cont. in part (780_1)

- Serial A splits into two or more separate serials each of which
- continues part of serial A; serial A ceases.

**Title A**:
- 245 00  Journal of electronics and control.
- 580       Split into: International journal of control, and: International
- 	       journal of electronics.
- 785 16  $t International journal of electronics $w ...
- 785 16  $t International journal of control $w ...

**Notes:**
CONSER policy is to use 580 notes for relationships involving more than one title, requiring more than one linking field. OCLC and RLIN policy is to use 580 notes for relationships involving three or more titles, requiring three or more linking fields.

## Chronological Relationships:Split into (785 _6)/Cont. in part (780_1)

**Title B:**
- 245 00   International journal of electronics.
- 780 01   $t Journal of electronics and control $w...
**Title C:**
- 245 00  International journal of control.
- 780 01  $t Journal of electronics and control $w ...
- Each of these will display a note:
- Continues in part: Journal of electronics and control

**Notes:**
Titles B and C may have entirely different titles or common title/part title. Numbering may be the same for each title with the addition of a letter.

## Chronological Relationships:Absorbed (780 _5)/Absorbed by (785_4)

- Serials A and B began as two separate publications; serial B
- becomes part of serial A

**Title A: **
- 245 00  Journal of chromatography.
- 362 0   Vol. 1, no. 1 (Jan. 1958)-v. 651, no.1-2 (May 20, 1994).
- 780 05  $t Chromatographic reviews $g 1971- $w ...
**Title B:**
- 245 00  Chromatographic reviews.
- 362 0    Vol. 1 (1959)-v. 15, no. 2-3 (Dec. 1971).
- 785 04  $t Journal of chromatography $w ...

## Chronological Relationships: Merger with to form (785_7)/ Merger of (780 _4)

- Serials A and B merge to form serial C which has a new title.

**Title A: **
- 245 00  American milk review.
- 580       Merged with: Milk plant monthly, to form: American milk
- 		  review and milk plant monthly.
- 785 17  $t Milk plant monthly $w ...
- 785 17  $t American milk review and milk plant monthly $w ...

**Notes:**
CONSER policy is to use 580 notes for relationships involving more than one title, requiring more than one linking field. OCLC and RLIN policy is to use 580 notes for relationships involving three or more titles, requiring three or more linking fields.

## Chronological Relationships:Merged with to form (785 _7)/Merger of (780 _4)

**Title B:**
- 245 00  Milk plant monthly.
- 580       Merged with: American milk review, to form: American  		milk  review and milk plant monthly.
- 785 17  $t American milk review $w ...
- 785 17  $t American milk review and milk plant monthly $w ...
**Title C: **
- 245 00 American milk review and milk plant monthly.
- 580      Merger of: American milk review, and: Milk plant monthly.
- 780 14  $t American milk review $w ...
- 780 14  $t Milk plant monthly $w ...

**Notes:**
The phrase “Formed by the union of” is used in MARC 21;  the phrase “Merger of” is used in AACR2 and is the preferred language when constructing a 580 note.

## Linking to Monographs

- Links can be made to a monograph record when earlier or later issues are cataloged as monographs
- Link only to the monograph directly preceding or succeeding the serial
- This is most commonly done for conference publications, annual supplements to a monograph, etc.

## Linking to Integrating Resources

- Links to integrating resources may be made when a serial changes its mode of issuance (usually accompanied by a change in physical medium as well)
- Example: a printed serial changes to an online directory
- If the entry for the integrating resource changes over time, the link in the serial record will also need to be changed

- New

## For relationships that cannot be fully expressed by a linking field
     580      Vols. for Jan. 1923-Dec. 1926 include section: Food and 	     health education, later published separately,  Jan. 1927-    785 11  $t Food and health education

For relationships involving multiple titles CONSER policy is to use a note
      245  04  The American journal of theology.
      580         Merged with: Biblical world, to form: Journal of                    		religion. 
      785  17   $t Biblical world
      785  17   $t Journal of religion    

- For relationships that cannot be fully expressed by a linking field
-      580      Vols. for Jan. 1923-Dec. 1926 include section: Food and 	     health education, later published separately,  Jan. 1927-    785 11  $t Food and health education
- For relationships involving multiple titles CONSER policy is to use a note
-       245  04  The American journal of theology.
-       580         Merged with: Biblical world, to form: Journal of                    		religion.
-       785  17   $t Biblical world
-       785  17   $t Journal of religion

- When to Use 580 Notes

**Notes:**
In linking fields, a first indicator of 1 is used when a 580 note is to be included in the record. 
Note that subfield i (display text), which is defined for other linking fields, cannot be defined for fields 780 and 785 because indicator 8, which is needed to supress the display constants, could not be defined in these fields (no space left!) There will be more about subfield $i in the following sessions.
CONSER policy is to use 580 notes for relationships involving more than one title (requiring more than one linking field). OCLC and RLIN policy is to use 580 notes for relationships involving three or more titles, requiring three or more linking fields.  CONSER catalogers decided to continue this policy, even though it was originally a condition of LC’s MUMS system, because many ILS’s cannot produce an appropriate note from more than one link.

## For serials which have the same relationship with several serials
   580      Absorbed: Antarctic report; and: Bulletin of the U.S.
                Antarctic report Projects Officer.
    780 15 $t Antarctic report
    780 15 $t Bulletin of the U.S. Antarctic report Projects Officer
For serials that are related to too many publications to be separately named
	580      Continues and consolidates the reports issued under
		     the same title for each state. 

-    580      Absorbed: Antarctic report; and: Bulletin of the U.S.
-                 Antarctic report Projects Officer.
-     780 15 $t Antarctic report
-     780 15 $t Bulletin of the U.S. Antarctic report Projects Officer
- For serials that are related to too many publications to be separately named
- 	580      Continues and consolidates the reports issued under
- 		     the same title for each state.

- When to Use 580 Notes

**Notes:**
When there are multiple titles, as in the second example, a linking field containing just multiple $w’s to record the record numbers can be given in addition to the 580 field.

## When several serials are equally related to another serial, link them to the other serial but not to each other
     245 04    Antarctic journal of the United States.
     580         Absorbed: Antarctic report; and: Bulletin of the U.S. 	 	     Antarctic Projects Officer.
	780 15   $t  Antarctic report
	780 15   $t  Bulletin of the U.S. Antarctic Projects Officer

	245 00   Antarctic report.
	785 04   $t Antarctic journal of the United States
	[no linking field for Bulletin of the U.S. Antarctic Projects Officer]

- When several serials are equally related to another serial, link them to the other serial but not to each other
-      245 04    Antarctic journal of the United States.
-      580         Absorbed: Antarctic report; and: Bulletin of the U.S. 	 	     Antarctic Projects Officer.
- 	780 15   $t  Antarctic report
- 	780 15   $t  Bulletin of the U.S. Antarctic Projects Officer
- 	245 00   Antarctic report.
- 	785 04   $t Antarctic journal of the United States
- 	[no linking field for Bulletin of the U.S. Antarctic Projects Officer]

- When Not to Link

**Notes:**
Splits, multiple supplements, language editions, and microfiche and microfilm versions of the same title are other examples of equal relationships.

## When Not to Link

- A publication mentions another serial and you are not clear if the relationship exists and/or you do not know the title of the other serial

## A linking field may consist of a catalog entry, an ISSN, and control numbers

	780 00  $t BRS news $x 0435-1231 $w (DLC)sc 85003531  $w 	     (OCoLC)1570435

- 	780 00  $t BRS news $x 0435-1231 $w (DLC)sc 85003531  $w 	     (OCoLC)1570435

- Constructing Linking Fields

**Notes:**
For information on control numbers suggest consulting the CONSER Editing Guide and OCLC or RLIN documentation.
CONSER policy has always mandated use of the LCCN in the $w, with others being optional.  OCLC will be making linking fields clickable in the future as long as $w contains an OCLC record number. For this reason, CONSER policy has been changed to mandate use of the OCLC number in linking fields.

Note that CONSER catalogers give the ISSN in the link only when: 
  1) the related record has been authenticated by NSDP or ISSN Canada; or
  2) for foreign titles, when it is available either in the related record of the ISSN Register.

## The title in subfield $t is the title proper ($a, $n, $p) or the uniform title from field 130
	780 00 $t Bulletin (Colorado Geological Survey)
	780 00 $t Trade policy review. Republic of Peru
Other title information (subfield $b) is included in a linking field only when it is cataloger supplied. 
   780 00 IEEE International Engineering Management  	     Conference. $t IEEE International 		 	     Engineering Management Conference : 	 	     [proceedings]

- 	780 00 $t Bulletin (Colorado Geological Survey)
- 	780 00 $t Trade policy review. Republic of Peru
- Other title information (subfield $b) is included in a linking field only when it is cataloger supplied.
-    780 00 IEEE International Engineering Management  	     Conference. $t IEEE International 		 	     Engineering Management Conference : 	 	     [proceedings]

- Constructing Linking Fields

## Constructing Linking Fields :Catalog Entry Examples

- Title proper ($t):
-      780 00 $t Journal of electronics
- Uniform title from 130 ($t):
- 	785 00 $t  American machinist (New York, 		      N.Y. : 1968)
- Common title/section title ($t)
- 	785 00 $t Consumer reports. Buying guide 		      issue

**Notes:**
Subfield $t contains all components of fields 130, 240, and 245. It is not further subdivided. Note that the third example would not be coded as 785 00 $t Consumer reports $p Buying guide issue.

## Constructing Linking Fields:Catalog Entry Examples

- Corporate body ($a)/Title proper ($t)
-      780 00 British Columbia. Fish and Wildlife  	 	        Branch. $t Management report
- Corporate body ($a) /Uniform title from
- 	240 ($s)
-      785 00  Advertising Research Foundation. 		         $s Annual report (1986)

**Notes:**
Subfield $a contains all components of corporate and conference names.  Note that these examples are in OCLC format which does not display sunfield $a.  Subfield $b is not used with the subdivisions of the name.  Note that subfield $s is used instead of subfield $t when a uniform title is given in field 240 of the related record.

## Summary

- The purpose of links is to produce notes and to link records in a catalog through the use of control numbers
- Chronological relationships are those that link successive entry records resulting from major changes

## Summary

- 580 notes are often used for relationships that cannot be fully expressed by a linking field or, according to CONSER policy, involve multiple titles
- Do not link to another serial if the relationship is unclear or uncertain or if the related title is not cataloged separately

## Exercises

## Title 1:

- 245 00  Life sciences.
- 362 0    Vol. 1, no. 1 (Jan. 1962)-v. 8, no. 12 (Dec. 1969).
- 515       Vols. 6-8  issued in two internumbered parts: Part I,
-              Physiology and pharmacology; and: Part II, Biochemistry,
-              general and molecular biology.
- 580       Split into: Life sciences. Part I, Physiology and
-              pharmacology; and: Life sciences. Part II, Biochemistry,
-              general and molecular biology.
- 785 16  $t Life sciences. Part I, Physiology and pharmacology  $w
- 785 16  $t Life sciences. Part II, Biochemistry, general and molecular
-               biology $w

## Title 2:

- 245 00   Life sciences. $n Part I, $p Physiology and pharmacology.
- 362 0     Vol. 9, no. 1 (Jan.1, 1970)-v. 12, no.12 (June 15, 1973).
- 580        Merged with: Life sciences. Part II, Biochemistry, general
-               and molecular biology, to form: Life sciences (1973).
- 780 01   $ Life sciences $w
- 785 17   $t Life sciences. Part II, Biochemistry, general and molecular
-               biology $w
- 785 17   $t Life sciences (1973) $w

## Title 3:

- 245 00   Life sciences. $n Part II, $p Biochemistry, general and
-               molecular biology.
- 362 0     Vol. 9, no. 1 (Jan.8, 1970)-v. 12, no. 12 (June 22, 1973).
- 580        Merged with: Life sciences. Part I, Physiology and
-               pharmacology, to form: Life sciences (1973).
- 780 01   $ Life sciences $w
- 785 17   $t Life sciences. Part I, Physiology and pharmacology $w
- 785 17   $t Life sciences (1973) $w

## Title 4:

- 130 0    Life sciences (1973)
- 245 00  Life sciences.
- 362 0    Vol. 13, no. 1 (July 1, 1973)-
- 580       Merger of: Life sciences. Part I, Physiology and
-              pharmacology; and: Life sciences. Part II, Biochemistry,
-              general and molecular biology.
- 780 14  $t Life sciences. Part I, Physiology and pharmacology $w
- 780 14  $t Life sciences. Part II, Biochemistry, general and
-              molecular biology $w