# Presentation: 682735

## Experimental program at accelerators

- LEP

- LEP I

- pb- 1

- 175

- 5

- 135

- 10+10

- 55

- 175

- 183

- 189

- 196-200

- 161.3
- 172

- SLC/SLD

- Tevatron

- Run I (1.8TeV)

- Run II (2TeV)

- pb- 1

- 110

- HERA

- 47

- pb- 1

- e+p

- e-p

- CESR

- LHC (14TeV)

- BaBar, Belle, HERA-B(?)

- 2->4 -> 10->?

- fb- 1

- Run II

- Not shown ( bias ?):
- neutrino beam lines
- kaon beam lines

*Worldwide HEP exp. program becoming thin...*

## Run II status

- Run II starting date is fixed !!

- Very serious & deliberate effort to stay on schedule
- All parties involved:  Accelerator, CDF & DØ
- Fallback/descoping plans in place
- Guarantee start on Run II on March 1, 2001
- Different approach to schedule at Fermilab

- CDF & DØ experiments

- Both upgraded and better detectors

- Decrease time between crossings (initially 396nsec  132 nsec)
- Higher instantaneous lum. ,  new tracking systems

- Better trackers ( DØ solenoid)
- Silicon detectors ( b- tagging + triggering)
- Better muon coverage
- Improved missing Et resolution (CDF forward calorimeters)

- Detectors “now” very similar;  still different emphasis

- Improved physics capabilities

- CDF: tracking emphasis
- DØ:  calorimetry, muon ID

- Additional capabilities.

- CDF: time of flight, extra silicon layers
- DØ:  forward proton detector

- Radiation hardness

- No problem up to 2-4 fb-1 (Run IIA)
- Beyond that (Run IIB), need to replaceparts of inner tracking systems;  time scale being discussed

## Lum. Projections for Run II

**Lum. Projections for Run II**

- 2001	Main Injector and Recycler	0.6	fb-1
- 2002	Initiate antiproton recycling	1.2	fb-1
- 2003	6 month shutdown to install	0.8	fb-1
- 	e-cool, 132 nsec, etc
- 2004	Achieve 2x1032 cm-2sec-1	2.0	fb-1
- 2005	Achieve 3.5x1032 cm-2sec-1	3.5	fb-1
- 2006	Achieve 5x1032 cm-2sec-1	2.3	fb-1
- 	6 month shutdown to install C-0.
- 2007	Achieve 5x1032 cm-2sec-1	3.8	fb-1
**	****TOTAL****	****~15****	****fb****-1**

- Possible Accumulation of Luminosity in the pre-LHC Era

- (S.Holmes, ICFA ‘99)

- per experiment

- Peak Lum is in  units of 1032

- Run

- IIA

- IIB

## Run II: physics results 

- Run IIB

- Run IIA

**Crucial***

- * New physics will not be obvious; precision measurements require calibration & understanding; not exploring totally new energy regime.

- Per experiment

- And always combine both experiments in working groups

- Personal note:

- Most exiting possibilities in area of  L dt=  20-40 x Run I

- If hint of new physics    continue
- If no new physics:  increase in lum by factors 2 to 3 not guaranteed worthwhile;  wait for LHC ?

- HEP is a world wide program and we have a plan.......

## SM-EW precision

- Present SM Higgs Mass limits (95% CL):
- MH > 107.7 GeV (direct)
- MH < 188 GeV (indirect)

- Plot emphasizes importance of top and W mass measurements.

- “Bread & butter” physics of Run II

- What is precision ?

## W mass in Run II

- Future:

- Some more improvements from LEP II
- Improvements at Tevatron for sure
- However not easy, given the environment ( some indication already)

- Error is already incredibly small

- Scaling leads to error on order of:

- 15-20 MeV/c2  per experiment in 2fb-1

- ( with correlations)

## Top mass future

- (@1 TeV)

- Run I result:

- 174.33.2(stat)(syst) GeV/c2

- 174.35.1 GeV/c2

- Run II
- 2 fb-1

- 3 GeV/c2

- Key ingredient is jet energy scale calibration.

- Event statistics (pair prod.) in 2fb-1

## Slide 8

## Slide 9

## Slide 10

## Slide 11

## Slide 12

## Slide 13

## Slide 14

## Slide 15

## Slide 16

## Slide 17

## Slide 18

## Conclusions

**The Tevatron is an immensely productive facility**
- s from 3 GeV to 1 TeV
**Run II improves on Run I:**
- increased detector capabilities: Higher rate capabilities, Heavy quark tagging, charged particle tracking, better trigger and DAQ and computing
- increased statistics (x20 or more) for standard model processes
- increased reach for new particle searches (Higgs, SUSY)
**Efforts now will lead to better physics later.**
**	**

## W Width

**Run I Results shown below. Uncertainties scale not as well as ********N indirect, as ********N direct.**

## Run I W, WW, WW/WZ Measurements

**W********e********W******** **
**Search for WW********“dileptons”**
**Search for A.C. in WW/WZ********e********jj**
**Search for A.C. in WW/WZ -> ********jj ****and WZ-> “trileptons” **
**  ****Run I Z******** Measurements**** **
**Search for A.C. in Z******
**Z********ee********Z******** **

## Standard Model WW + WWZ Interactions

**Self-interactions are a direct consequence of the non-Abelian ****SU(2)****L ****x U(1)****Y**** gauge symmetry.**
**Trilinear Coupling Diagrams are involved in Vector Boson Pair Production.**
**SM makes specific predictions for the strength of the couplings.**

- t-channel

- u-channel

- s-channel

## WW Production:  A Textbook Example
t-channel matrix element (massless quarks and high-energy limit simplifies the calculation) gives: 

and:                                        violating unitarity. 

Except, the s-channel matrix element has term of opposite sign.  Unitarity  isn’t violated after all. 

- t-channel matrix element (massless quarks and high-energy limit simplifies the calculation) gives:
- and:                                        violating unitarity.
- Except, the s-channel matrix element has term of opposite sign.  Unitarity  isn’t violated after all.

** ****Standard Model Interaction**

## Characterized by effective Lagrangian

CP Conserving  SM  Parameters: 

 
   g

Static W+ Properties

**Characterized by effective Lagrangian**
- CP Conserving  SM  Parameters:
- 
- 
-    g
**Static W****+**** Properties**

**WWZ/WW******** Non-SM Interaction**

- QeW = e () / M2W

- W = e/ 2MW

## Effect of non-SM Couplings

**Cross section increases especially for High E****T**** bosons (W/Z/********).**
**Unitarity Violation avoided. e.g.:**

- WW Production

-  is a form factor scale

- PT(W)

- (WW)

## Predictions for WW/WWZ Anomalous Couplings 

**Diagrams like this for SM:**** **

** ****Table based on Ellison and Wudka      ****hep-ph/9804322  (May 1998)**

## D0 Combined and LEP

- D0 Combined

- 1 uncertainties
-  TeV

- LEP Combined
- Moriond ‘00

## W in Run II

**If no new tricks:**
**But angle of lepton in W******** rest frame is additional info that can be used simultaneously w/ ******** E****T**** spectrum****.****  **

- SM has “amplitude zero” at             where      is angle between                incoming quark and photon                          in the W rest frame                                      (W polarization -> 73%                               correct rest frame).
- Also manifested in 
-      between photon and lepton
-      Additional cuts mT(l;ET)>90 GeV/c2

- Radiation Zero

- Anomalous Couplings

- 1fb-1

- 95% CL

- TeV

**************l******

## WW in Run II

**Measure Cross Section using l********l******** decays**
- Lots of recent theory work on NLO calcs.
- background was Z’s and W in Run I but ... signal to background should be better in Run II (through elimination of W) to g.t. 1:1.
-  ~ 15%
**Study W polarization using l********l******** decays.**
**Measure A.C. limits as in Run I using both dilepton and semi-leptonic decay modes.**
- * e.g.  WW(ejj)
-  = 2 TeV (95% C.L.)

## WZ in Run II

**Observe & measure the cross section using the ~15 detected lll********l=e and/or******
**WZ********l********bb seems *****very***** interesting**
- 50ish events after eff’ys.
- Background is W+jets and amounts to (crude guess) a few hundred dual b-tags.
- Contributes to learning how to do Zbbar.
**Anomalous Couplings**
- trilepton mode limits may improve ~ 6X assuming the obvious improvements in technique:
- lbb will be studied like WW->ljj in Run I.

- Run I Scaled _Combined_
- Wg/WW/WZ
- =2 TeV 95% CL

## In SM all couplings equal to zero
Z final state 
Non-SM Characterized by an effective Lagrangian w/ 8 coupling parameters called h.
   CP Violating h1V and h2V 
   CP Conserving h3V and  h4V.
ZZ final state 
Non-SM Characterized by an effective Lagrangian w/ 4 coupling parameters called f.
   P & CP Violating f4V.
   P, C Violating & CP Conserving f5V .
   Significant interference between f4andf4as well as f5andf5

**Z******** final state **
- Non-SM Characterized by an effective Lagrangian w/ 8 coupling parameters called h.
-    CP Violating h1V and h2V
-    CP Conserving h3V and  h4V.
**ZZ final state **
- Non-SM Characterized by an effective Lagrangian w/ 4 coupling parameters called f.
-    P & CP Violating f4V.
-    P, C Violating & CP Conserving f5V .
-    Significant interference between f4andf4as well as f5andf5

**ZZ********/Z********/Z********Z/ZZZ Interaction**

## Limits on Anomalous ZV Couplings

**Limits on Anomalous ZV******** Couplings**

**Run I (ee,********)**
**+Run1a(********):**

- hZ coupling
- limits identical

- 95 % CL 2D  Limits:

**LEP**** Combined Limits are Comparable**

## #’s of events @D0 (eff’y included).                           
Z _> ee(        ~              350          
Z _> bb               ~           1000                
ZZ_> e’s and ’s                a few
ZZ  l’s and jets  ~             200    

**Z******** ****_****> ee(********        ~              350          **
**Z******** ****_****> bb********               ~           1000                **
**ZZ****_****> e’s and ********’s                a few**
**ZZ ******** l’s and jets  ~             200****    **

**Prospects for Run 2**

**Z********in Run 2**
- Charged lepton modes rely on e and  and ID and is good development tool.   What about the Run 1 bump?
- Neutrino mode relies on handling the backgrounds.  Improved tracking, the new FPS and CPS will play a big role.
- New: the bbar decay mode. jj and jjj w/ (j->) backgrounds will probably constrain this to limit setting.

## Prospects for Run 2

**Scaling rule for anomalous coupling limits: ****Z******** ****Limits could improve by the sqrt of the ratio of luminosities because of strong form factor dependance.**
**Z********Combined********at 95%**** **

- TeV 2000 Report (1fb-1)

## ZZ in Run II

**Recent theory progress (Uli Baur + Dave Rainwater)**
- (ZZ)~ 1 pb.
- Developed A.C.  Monte Carlo.
- & Studied prospects for Run II.

## ZZ Candidate from CDF

**Three Central Muons. One muon inferred from a high-P****T**** track.**
**Expected 0.1 event.**

## ZZ in Run II

**ZZ-> 4 charged leptons (e’s and/or ********’s) **
- Backgroundless?
- Cross section and 1st A.C. limits
**ZZ-> ll********  **
- backgrounds ttbar, WW, Z+ missing jet          => require pT(Z)>40 GeV/c
**ZZ->lljj **
- background is Z+jets and is 10X.
- Limits this to A.C. analysis
**A.C. limits:**
- sensitivity of ll and lljj similar
- This is 8X better than present LEP limits

- FF=750 GeV
-    95% CL
- |F4,5V| < 0.2

## 

Tevatron will study W,WW,WZ, Z ZZ final states with a rich variety of techniques in Run II.

Prospects for physics:  
W: radiation zero and A.C.’s
Z events and A.C.’s
WW & WZ cross sections, event properties and A.C.’s
Final states with bb
First ZZ analyses.

There’s a lot of room for improvement over Run 1 and LEP.

**Tevatron will study W********,WW,WZ, Z******** ZZ final states with a rich variety of techniques in Run II.**
**Prospects for physics:  **
- W: radiation zero and A.C.’s
- Z events and A.C.’s
- WW & WZ cross sections, event properties and A.C.’s
- Final states with bb
- First ZZ analyses.
**There’s a lot of room for improvement over Run 1 and LEP.**

**Trilinear VVV Summary**

## CDF B Lifetimes Run 1

## CP Violation in B Decays

## Measurement of sin2

**Total reconstruction of  *****B********* *********J/****************K******S***** ***************************************e**********e*******************************
**Measure proper decay time**
**Tag the flavor of the *****B***** at production**

## B J/KS     (CDF)

**more events in Run II by factors of:**
- 2000/110  for more luminosity
- 1.5 for longer SVX
- 2  for extended muon acceptance
**~ 10,000 events in Run II**

## Opposites side tags - identify flavor of the other B in the event
soft lepton:                  b  l - + X
jet-charge tags:           Qjet < 0 for b
Same side tags - correlation of flavour and charge of particles produced in fragmentation
Efficiency () and dilution factor (D) 
D = 2 P - 1, P = correct tag probability
 D 2  is the tag’s effectiveness

- soft lepton:                  *b ** l* - + *X*
- jet-charge tags:           Qjet < 0 for *b*
**Same side tags**** - correlation of flavour and charge of particles produced in fragmentation**
**Efficiency (**********) and dilution factor (*****D*****)**** **
*D* = 2 *P* - 1, *P* = correct tag probability
** *D *2  is the tag’s effectiveness

**Methods of Flavour Tagging**

## Flavour Tagging

**calibrate tags in Run II with:**
- 40 K  *B** **J*****events
- 20 K  *B** **J*****events
**statistical error will be bigger than systematic**

## CDF sin2  Expectations

**For  a time integrated analysis,**
**But, learning from Run I, we can do better with time dependent analysis.**
- Most of the backgrounds are at small *t*’s.
- Statistical error: **(*A**CP*) / *D*
*** ***********(sin 2************
- with 10K  events

## DØ sin2Expectations

**invariant mass M*****B***** ~ 15 MeV/c****2**
**(S/B ~ 0.75)**
** ******** *****D*****2**** ****~ 6.7 %  (CDF extrapolation)**
**decreased error with time dependent analysis: **sin2**

## 2002 - exciting times

**BaBar and BELLE will have results from their first physics runs (****close to design luminosity****)**
- 1 - 30 fb-1     (sin2~ 0.12 - 0.18
**DØ and CDF should have between 0.5 and 1.0 fb****-1****  analyzed**
- 3800 - 7500 fully reconstructed events
-  (sin2~ 0.10 - 0.15
**Combined Tevatron could beat `em**
**Everyone combined could signal new physics.****  **

##               B (CDF)

**Huge background: 10****11**** pb**
**Displaced track trigger**
- 2 opposite sign tracks
- pT > 2(3) GeV/c
-  cut  to remove back-to-back tracks
*d*0 > 100 m
**Background still high, but acceptable: 10****2**** pb **
**Expect 5-20 K events in 2fb****-1**
-  depending on branching ratios                                   and accelerator configuration

## CDF sin2Expectations

**Problems with Penguins**
**ToF and theorist will help**
** **sin2****    assuming:  **
- S = 10K , S/B ~ 1/4, ***D*2 = 9.1%
- no Penguins

##                 BS  Mixing    (CDF)

**Use fully reconstructed events**
*B**S  **D**S***7 - 10 K
*B**S  **D**S*******8 - 13 K
* ****D*2 = 5.7 %, 11.3 % with ToF
- *t*) = 60 fs, 45 fs with L00 silicon

## CDF Expected xS Reach

**5 ******** sensitivity up to *****x*****S**** ~ 60**** **

## B Physics Conclusions

**The upgraded Tevatron and our new detectors put us in a great position to make significant B     physics measurements in Run II.**
- sin2**  to 0.07
- asymmetry associated with  sin2**  to 0.09
*B**s* mixing up to *x**s*  60
- maybe even sin**
***This is just in the first two years - 2 fb******-1******. We won’t stop there......***

## New director - New Run II plan

**No long shutdowns**
**Gradual luminosity improvements**
**Run until LHC results tell us to stop**
**5 fb****-1**** per year at peak**