# Presentation: 306360

## Enabling High Efficient Power Supplies for Servers

- Arshad Mansoor
- VP Engineering
- EPRI PEAC Corporation

- Brian Griffith
- Enterprise Power Conversion
- Intel Corporation

## Agenda

- Present state of server power delivery
- Why improve server efficiency?
- Initiatives & Programs
- Call to Action

## Data Center Power Delivery

**Power Dist**
**98 - 99%**

**UPS**
**88 - 92%**

**Power Supply**
**68 - 72%**

**dc/dc**
**78 - 85%**

**HVAC**
**1,200W / 1 Ton (76%)**

**US Annual Energy Consumptions of 30TW-h flows through this inefficient delivery path**

## Cost of Power Delivery

| Power Path Efficiency |  | Power (kW) | MW-h | Cost |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Load Cooling | 3.1 | 113 | $8,500 |
| Loads  | Systems (x100)
(not including dc/dc & ac/dc) | 9.8 |  |  |
| x 85% | Dc/dc | 2.1 | 109 | $8,200 |
| x 70% | Power supply | 5.1 |  |  |
| x 90% | UPS | 1.9 |  |  |
| x 98% | Distribution | 0.4 |  |  |
| x 76% | Delivery Cooling | 3.0 |  |  |
| Total = 40% | Total |  | 222 | $16,700 |

**Cost of Power Delivery**

**Total efficiency ****≈ 40%**
**Cost of power delivery = $8,200 / 100 systems**

## System Power Roadmap

**System Power Roadmap**

- Assumptions:
- Power supply, UPS, & Cooling efficiency flat
-  Average consumption = 34% of Maximum

**350W**

**450W**

**500W**

**600W**

**‘****03**

**‘****04**

**‘****05**

**‘****06**

**$16.7**

**$21.5**

**$23.8**

**$28.6**

**Energy Cost**
**x100 systems**
**(k$)**

**1U Power Supply**
**Output watts**

**Energy consumption is increasing**

## Agenda

- Present state of server power delivery
- Why improve server efficiency?
- Initiatives & Programs
- Call to Action

## Energy Savings Estimate:  Improving PS Efficiency 

- 70% to 85%  5.8 TW-h AEC improvement
*(Range 4.4 TW-h to 9.1 TW-h)*
- Peak Demand Savings  670 MW
*(Range 500MW to 1040 MW)*
- 5.8 TW-h AEC is equivalent to
**Power for ******** 530,000 houses**
**Total electricity bill of  ******** $435 million **
****** ****4.4 million tons of CO2 emission**
**Emission from ******** 890,000 cars**
***US Estimates; California ************ 11% of US savings***

**Realistic efficiency improvements generate significant energy savings**

## Cost of Power Delivery

| Power Path Efficiency |  | Power (kW) | MW-h | Cost ($k) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Load cooling | 3.1 | 113 | 8.5 |
| Loads  | Systems (x100) 
(not including dc/dc & ac/dc) | 9.8 |  |  |
| x 85% | Dc/dc | 2.1 | 109  62 | 8.2  4.7 |
| x 70%  85% | Power supply | 5.1  2.1 |  |  |
| x 90%  94%  | UPS | 1.9  0.9 |  |  |
| x 98% | Distribution | 0.4  0.3 |  |  |
| x 76% | Delivery Cooling | 3.0  1.7 |  |  |
| Total = 40%  51% | Total |  | 222  175 | 16.7  13.2 |

**Cost of Power Delivery**

**Annual cost reduced by $3,500 / 100 systems**

## Case Study: PSU efficiency effects on data center cost

- Based on NY Data Center # 2 Case Study (LBNL); Total IT Load: 4335 kW; http://datacenters.lbl.gov/NYDataCenter.html

**85% efficiency ****≈**** $750,000 annual savings !**

**Notes:**
This is taking the same method and applying at a Macro level 

## The Business Case for Increasing Server PSU Efficiency

*See *_[http://hightech.lbl.gov/](http://hightech.lbl.gov/)__ for calculation and assumptions ; based on a 350W PSU powering a 1U server with 120W load, 4 year life cycle_

**85% Efficiency ****≈**** $40 per power supply savings annually**

- Power Supply Price Range

**Notes:**
This is a good slide showing that the NPV assuming a 4 year life cycle could be several times more than the cost of the power supply – this is based on my excel calculator

## System Density Improvements

**System Density Improvements**

- Typical density = 90-150W/ft2 (2.7-6.7KW / rack)

**+7**

**Rack Density **
**(85% / 70% efficient PSU)**

- W/ft2

**85% efficient power supply = +1 to +5 more systems / rack**

- +1

- +4

- +4

- +2

- +4

- +2

- +5

- +3

## Agenda

- Present state of server power delivery
- Why improve server efficiency?
- Initiatives & Programs
- Call to Action

## Intel power management initiatives

- Demand Based Switching (DBS)
- Lower power consumption when processor utilization is low
- PS Monitoring Interface (PSMI)
- Measure power delivery efficiency
- Measure real power consumption
- Power Configuration Tool (Pconfig)
- Estimated system thermal load
- CEC and SSI involvement

## PS Research Background

- Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory working on a 10-year research initiative/ “roadmap” for Energy Efficient Data Centers.
- Project sponsored by PIER (Public Interest Energy Research) program of the California Energy Commission.
- http://datacenters.lbl.gov/

## Research Roadmap

- Collecting and analyzing data center market information (benchmarking data center energy use, developing best practices, etc.)
- Improving facility efficiency (HVAC, electrical, monitoring and controls, etc.)
- Improving interface between facility/building systems and IT equipment
- Improving efficiency of IT equipment

## Research Roadmap

- Collecting and analyzing data center market information (benchmarking data center energy use, developing best practices, etc.)
- Improving facility efficiency (HVAC, electrical, monitoring and controls, etc.)
- Improving interface between facility/building systems and IT equipment
- Improving efficiency of IT equipment

**Ecos/EPRI-PEAC’s part:**
- Server power supply efficiency
- UPS efficiency
- (Server benchmarks)

## Server PS Project : Goals

- Short term:
- Secure industry support for strategy to improve server PS efficiency
- Develop a standard test method and conduct efficiency tests
- Make data on PS efficiency by server model (and estimates of economic benefits) widely available

## Today’s Efficiency Level for Server Multi output AC/DC

- EPS: Entry Power SupplyERP: Entry Redundant PowerTPS: Thin Power Supply

*Source: Server System Infrastructure (SSI) PSU Specification*

**Market is at these efficiency levels**

**Notes:**
This is the efficiency level that is recommended in the SSI PS specification – based on our general sense the market will just meet these – however as we get testing completed we will have a more definitive idea

## EPS 1U Version 2.1 

- Loading Guidelines

**SSI adding efficiency testing **
**to align with EPRI-PEAC testing method**

**Notes:**
This is a sample of the power supply guideline that we developed – this is for just one type of power supply – in total loadingguidelines for 1U, 2U, Pedestal and EPS12V PS have been developed

## A consistent test protocol, loading guideline & test report format will allow more visibility on power supply efficiency

**Notes:**
Sample of our testing report – similar to the desktop power supply study

## Server PS Efficiency Test Data: Current Market 

**Server PS Efficiency Test Data: Current Market **

**Measurement based on loading guideline documented in server PS test protocol at **_[http://hightech.lbl.gov/psupplies.html](http://hightech.lbl.gov/psupplies.html)__ . Sample Size N = 13; Data Source: EPRI PEAC_

**95****th**** Percentile**

**Median**

- % power supply loading

- efficiency

## Loading Versus Redundancy

**Light load efficiency especially important **
**for redundant systems**

**Notes:**
This is showing the PS loading based on the testing for different redundancy configuration

## Importance of a Flat Power Supply Efficiency Curve

**More design focus on light **
**load efficiency needed**

**Notes:**
Since PS loading are low it is important to have a flat efficiency curve as much as possible 

## Server PS Project : Goals

- Long term:
- Move the market towards widespread adoption of energy efficient PS in data centers
- Create an energy efficiency labeling program such as ENERGY-STAR® for server power supplies

## Call to Action

- Market higher efficiency – it saves users $
- Incentives for improving power supply efficiency are coming
- Suppliers: offer higher efficiency as a competitive advantage
- Provide feedback on ERPI-PEAC efficiency testing & loading