BEE-spoke-data/govdocs1-by-extension huggingface dataset:
# Presentation: 769830

## Suspicious Activity Report Filing Trend for the State of South Carolina                                                                                       For the Period April 1, 1996 through December 31, 2007

**Suspicious Activity Report Filing Trend for the State of South Carolina                                                                                       For the Period April 1, 1996 through December 31, 2007**

***Total SARs: 18,993***

## Characterizations of Suspicious Activity for the State of South Carolina

- Note:  The pie chart represents the top nine characterizations plus additional characterizations in total.
-            An individual SAR may cite more than one characterization.  Hence, the number of characterizations detailed here significantly exceeds the total number of SARs.

**Characterizations of Suspicious Activity for the State of South Carolina**
**For the Period April 1, 1996 through December 31, 2007**

## South Carolina Mortgage Loan Fraud SAR Filing Trend For the Period April 1, 1996 through December 31, 2007

***Total SARs: 762***

- Note:  Suspicious Activity Report statistical data is continuously updated as additional reports are filed and processed.  For this reason, there may be minor discrepancies between the statistical figures contained in this report and those in previous FinCEN reports.  Annual numbers for this exhibit are calculated by ***Subject Address*** and not filer address; therefore, the annual totals appearing in the above graph do not match those in Section 1, Exhibit 8 (Characterization of Suspicious Activity by State & Territory by Year).

## Suspicious Activity Report Geographic Pattern for the State of South Carolina

**Suspicious Activity Report Geographic Pattern for the State of South Carolina**
**For the Period January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2006**

**Note: Statistics based on Filer Branch Address**

## Suspicious Activity Report Geographic Pattern for the State of South Carolina

**For the Period January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2007**

**Note: Statistics based on Filer Branch Address**
# Presentation: 126585

## EIC

- Past
- Series of workshops
- Before 2001:
- Indiana/MIR: EPIC
- eRHIC
- Merge to EIC=eRHIC+EPIC (Sept. 2000)
- White paper (March 2001)
- EIC workshop (Febr. 2002)
- Result of submission: NSAC 2002/2003: Formal project in long-range plan
- Present
- Next big project at BNL beyond RHIC
- Beam cooling for RHIC comes fr. EIC machine money
- Strong intention to have a dedicated EIC group at BNL
- Pointer to WWW-page and contact info.
- Future:
- Series of CDR’s (CDR0: 2005) (rough inst. responsibility and interests, func. of detetector)
- Start of construction (CDR3=TDR) in 2008
- Staged integration of detector: ready by approx. 2012
# Presentation: 163354

## Beams Week in Review

- Accelerator Performance
- Lost stores
- D0, CDF, Tevatron Access
-  Pbar transfers to Recycler
-  Tevatron Studies
-  Good weekend

- All Experimenters Meeting

- 07 October 2002

## Beams Week in Review

- Lost Stores
- 1808 terminated after 12.4 hrs due to CHL fire
- 1810 lost due to quench at A1 during squeeze
- 1817 lost due to quench at A1 at flattop
- 1823 lost after 11.3 hrs due to B2  HFU
- 1826 terminated after 14.2 hrs TRF heater pumps turned off
- Shutdown Access
- D0 cooling fan repair
- Wet engine repair
- Instrumentation

- All Experimenters Meeting

- 07 October 2002

## Beams Week in Review

- Pbar Transfers to Recycler
- Stacking efficiency (MI->RR) ~88%
- Stacking efficiency(Acc->RR) overall > 75%
- Stored ~75E10 with lifetime > 100 hrs
- Tevatron Studies
- Transverse Dampers
- Smoothed orbits up the ramp and thru the squeeze
- Adjusted tunes and coupling up the ramp and low beta
- A0 and C0 aperture scans at to 980 GeV

- All Experimenters Meeting

- 07 October 2002

## Beams Week in Review

| Store | Initial Luminosity | Duration | Termination | Comments |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1808 | 2.74E31 | 12.4 hr | CHL fire | CHL fire,FBI recal |
| 1810 | --- | 0 | Lost on squeeze |  |
| 1817 | --- | 0 | Lost on FT |  |
| 1823 | 2.63E31 | 11.3 hr | B2 HFU | A1, |
| 1824 | 2.78E31 | 14.0 hr | intentional | No BLT, H damper |
| 1826 | 2.83E31 | 14.2 hr | Abort RF trip | No BLT, H damper |
| 1828 | 2.61E31 |  | intentional | No BLT, H damper |
| 1830 | 2.36E31 |  | intentional | No BLT,
H damper on |

- All Experimenters Meeting

- 07 October 2002

## Peak Luminosity

- All Experimenters Meeting

- 07 October 2002

## Integrated Luminosity

- All Experimenters Meeting

- 07 October 2002

## Beams Week in Review

- Recent Changes
- Pbar FBI recalibration up 15% (9/28->#1808)
- New A1 optics with store 1823 (
- Improvements to pbar coalescing , now 86%
- Current Near Term Issues
- Last three stores, Tev BLT not operational
- Losses at beginning of store (damper related???)
- Spikes in pbar losses during store (cause under investigation)
- Lower proton bunch length trials

- All Experimenters Meeting

- 07 October 2002

## Spikes in pbar losses

- 1830

- 1828

- Re-scrape

- 1826

- All Experimenters Meeting

- 07 October 2002

## Schedule for this week

- Stack ‘n Store Week
*Adiabatic changes*
*Increase proton intensity*
*Horizontal damper (on/off)*
*Lower proton longitudinal emittance*
*Larger pbar stacks*
- Pbar shots to Recycler
*Off the bottom*
*Dedicated 20-40 mA stacks (if no impact on HEP)*

- All Experimenters Meeting

- 07 October 2002

## Schedule for this Week

- All Experimenters Meeting

- 07 October 2002
# Presentation: 914766

## Temporary Assistance for Needy Families(TANF)

## Aid to Dependent Children(ADC)Established 1935Federal Matching Program

## Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act(PRWORA)August 22, 1996Created TANF Program 

## Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)

**Block Grant -- $16.48 Billion**
**Adult Time Limit – 60 Months**
**State Flexibility**
**Work Participation Rates**

## Deficit Reduction Act of 2005

**Change in Caseload Reduction Formula**
**All Cases Count**
**Work Activities Defined**
**Work Verification Plans  **

## IDA’s  § 404 (h)

**Three Funding Purposes**
**Contributions Derived from Earned Income**
**Not Counted in Eligibility/Payment**

## TANF Demographics (Adults)

**67% = Never Married**
**91% = Female**
**57% = Under 30**
**40% = Less than 12 Years Education**

## Census Bureau Poverty Figures (2006)

**5.8 Million Families below 100% of Poverty**
**11.3 Million Families below 200% of Poverty**

## TANF Leavers25,000 Annually

## TANF – Goal 2

**   ****End the dependence of needy parents on government benefits by promoting job preparation, work, and marriage.**

## Temporary Assistance for Needy Families(TANF)
# Presentation: 113327

## Geologic History

- Dissection of Cratered Terrain
- Deposition of Etched and Hematite layered deposits as volcaniclastic complex (composition?)
- Aqueous and/or hydrothermal alteration of etched and hematite units?
- Mantling by aeolian deposits, with formation of duricrust
- Exhumation by wind leading to hematite and etched unit exposures within landing error ellipse

## Terra Meridiani – Map Units

## Something Different

- The Hematite and Etched units run counter to the global Albedo - Thermal Inertia trend.

## HST Observations of Terra Meridiani 

- Red = Dark region, gradational
-            with Hematite region
- Green = Etched region
- Blue = Dark region, no hematite
- Yellow = Nearby bright region

## Modeling Regional Mean Spectra

## Derived Surface Spectra 

## Spectral Angles

**H**ematite	**E**tched
**D**issected	**M**antled
**A**cidalia type	**S**yrtis type

## Slide 8

## Palagonite – VNIR Spectra

- Cryptocrystalline material
- Typically a product of basaltic glass devitrification
- Bright (and red) in the VNIR
- Low spectral contrast in the TIR

## Palagonite – TIR Spectra

## Geologic History

- Dissection of Cratered Terrain.
- Deposition of Etched and Hematite layered deposits as volcaniclastic complex with mafic composition.
- Aqueous and/or hydrothermal alteration of etched deposits (palagonite-like coating). Formation of platy hematite (?)
- Mantling by aeolian deposits, with formation of duricrust.
- Further aqueous and/or hydrothermal alteration to form platy hematite (?)
- Exhumation by wind leading to hematite accumulation in dunes on etched unit exposures within landing error ellipse.

## MER: Mast-Mounted Observations

| Instrument | Key Parameters | Questions to Address |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mast-Mounted Remote Sensing Package |  |  |
| Pancam  | Twelve bands (0.4 to 1.0 μm) for stereoscopic imaging with 0.3 mrad IFOV; 9.2 deg by 18.4 deg FOV. | Hematite rich dunes on etched substrate?

Etched unit exposures show evidence of volcanic emplacement processes? |
| Mini-TES | Emission spectra (5 to 29 μm, 10 cm-1 resolution) with 8 or 20 mrad FOV | Platy hematite in dunes? 

Mafic mineralogy?

Palagonite-like coatings on etched substrate materials? |

## MER: Arm-Based Observations

| Instrument | Key Parameters | Questions to Address |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Arm-Based In-Situ Package |  |  |
| APXS: Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer | 244Cm alpha particle sources, and x-ray detectors, 4 cm FOV | 
Mafic composition?

Palagonite-like coatings?

Hematite-rich dunes? |
| MB: Mössbauer Spectrometer | 57Fe spectrometer in backscatter mode; Co/Rh source and Si-PIN diode detectors; field of view approximately 1.5 cm2. | Hematite present in dunes?

Other iron-bearing alteration phases?

Mafic minerals present? 

Evidence of palagonite-like coatings? |
| MI: Microscopic Imager | 30 μm/pixel monochromatic imager (1024x1024) with 6mm depth of field | Platy hematite?

Coated grains? 

Volcanic origins? |
| RAT: Rock Abrasion Tool | Tool capable of preparing 5 mm deep by 4.5 cm wide surface on rocks  | Remove coatings and observe fresh igneous minerals?  |
# Presentation: 759018

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting 

**Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting **
**August 19, 2004**

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004

- Live Capacity 			3,788,700 	AF
- _Capacity on 8/9/04__	__	__2,681,200__	__AF_
- Available Space		1,107,500	AF
- Percentage of Full		            72	%
- Reservoir Elev. (Min Power)	   5871.00	feet
- _Elevation on 8/9/04__	__	__   6011.23__	__feet_
- Elevation above (Min)	     140.23	feet
- 10 Day Average Inflow	        1907	cfs
- 10 Day Average Release	        1007	cfs

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004

**Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004**

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004

## Flaming Gorge Working Group Meeting August 2004
# Presentation: 735696

## Legal Framework

**Jennifer Gresock, Assistant Chief Counsel for Veterinary Medicine**
**Office of the Commissioner**
**Office of the General Counsel, Food and Drug Division**
**Office of the Chief Counsel**

## The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

**The Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) has regulatory responsibility for ensuring the safety of marketed animal drug products**
**Section 512 of the Act – New Animal Drug Applications (NADAs)**

## New Animal Drug Applications (NADAs)

**NADA for a new animal drug product is approved based on a showing that the product is safe and effective for its intended use**

## Establishing Safety

**Full reports of adequate tests by all methods reasonably applicable to show whether the drug is safe for use as suggested in the proposed labeling [21 CFR 514.1(a)(8)]**

## Labeling

**Labeling should indicate how to use the drug in a safe and effective manner**
**Drug is misbranded unless its labeling bears adequate directions for use [Section 502(f) of the Act]**

## Post-Approval Monitoring

**CVM monitors drugs after approval to ensure continued safety and effectiveness**
**Section 512(l): recordkeeping and reports of data relating to experience with uses of approved new animal drugs**
**Adverse event reporting is a post-approval monitoring tool (21 CFR 514.80)**

## Adverse Drug Experiences, or ADEs

**Adverse drug experience: any adverse event associated with the use of a new animal drug, whether or not considered to be drug related, and whether or not the new animal drug was used in accordance with the approved labeling [21 CFR 514.3]**

## ADEs

**Serious adverse drug experience: adverse event that is fatal, or life threatening, or requires professional intervention, or causes an abortion, or stillbirth, or infertility, or congenital anomaly, or prolonged or permanent disability, or disfigurement [21 CFR 514.3]**

## ADEs

**Unexpected adverse drug experience: adverse event that is not listed in the current labeling for the new drug and includes any event that may be symptomatically and pathophysiologically related to an event listed on the labeling, but differs from the event because of greater severity or specificity [21 CFR 514.3]**

## ADE Reporting

**Sponsors must submit Form 1932 to FDA within 15 working days of receiving a report of a serious, unexpected adverse event from a consumer or veterinarian [21 CFR 514.80]**

## ADE Reporting

**Other ADEs must be reported by the sponsor in Periodic Drug Experience Reports, which are submitted every 6 months for the first two years following product approval, and yearly thereafter [21 CFR 514.80]**

## Ensuring Continued Safety

**FDA requested recall [21 CFR 7.45]**
**Firm-initiated recall [21 CFR 7.46]**
**Labeling and/or manufacturing changes**
**Withdrawal under 512(e) of the Act**
**	****	****- experience or scientific data**
**	****	****- new evidence**
# Presentation: 564359

## B

- _Suggested Configuration of  Silicon Beams (Not in scale)_

**0.75~1 ********m**

**2 x Gap**** + 1****m****m**

**0.2********m**

**200********m**

**Micromachined Si Beam (B)**
**Length: 300 ~ 700********m**
**Width: 0.75~1.0 ********m**
**Thickness: ~ 0.2********m**
**1.0****m****m<Gap<3.0********m**

**Gap**

- Suspended Si Beam

**0.5********m**

**Oxide**

**Metal**

**Si Top layer**

**Etched Gap**

**Si Bottom layer**

- Silicon substrate

- Si Beam Temp Sensor

## 5 mm

- : Upper Si

- : Lower Si

- : Oxide Layer

- : Metal

- 3 mm

- Suspended beam

- Fixed Beam on SiO2. This beam is used as a temp sensor

- Beam Length= xys m

- 0.5

- 1.0

- 0.5

- Beam Length in microns

- 1.5

*----Dimensions not in scale----*
# Presentation: 098165

## Software support for modern hardware

- Steve Hunt
- & SLS Controls Group

## Hot Swap

- Rapid repair
- Continued machine operation
- Share crates between functions
- Driver should do nothing in init(), and use VxMemProbe()

## Post mortem

**01OCT99**

- All channels have 64K sample buffer
- Update of buffer can be suspended by hardware or software event
- Memory can then be analyzed
- ADC has 20uSec resolution
- Digital in has 1uS resolution
- Gives ‘first fault’ capability

**Post mortem**

## Oversampling

- Cheap, fast  16 bit ADC
- Sample at 50KHz
- Average to reduce noise
- Averaged value can have better resolution than 16 bits

## Automatic Calibration

- ADC accuracy can be improved by individual calibration
- Calibration done by programmable DC source and scan record
- Script produces breakpoint table
- ADC serial number can be read from hardware
# Presentation: 889206

## Serostim®

**Division of Gastrointestinal and **
**Coagulation Drug Products**
**Robert Justice M.D.**
**Division Director**

**Center for Drug Evaluation and Research**** **

## Questions for AC 

**1.  The primary endpoint of this study was change in Total IPN volume from week 2 to week 6.  Pairwise comparisons of results of the primary endpoint yielded statistically significant differences between the recombinant human growth hormone (rh-GH)-containing arms and the control group. Are the findings in the table below clinically meaningful?  **
**	****In your response consider the definition of the primary endpoint and the duration of study treatment.**

## Questions for AC 

| Mean Change in Total IPN Vol. |  |  | Difference in Total IPN Volume [L/wk] (p-value) |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Group A
rhGH
(n=16) | Group B
rhGH + GLN
(n=16) | Group C
GLN
(n=9) | Group
B vs C | Group
A vs C |
| -5.9 | -7.7 | -3.8 | -3.9 (<0.001) | -2.1 (0.043) |

**Changes in Total IPN Volume***** **

***ITT Population **

**Baseline IPN Requirements:**
**   ****Group A: 10.3 L/wk**
**   ****Group B: 10.5 L/wk**
**   ****Group C: 13.5 L/wk**

## Questions for AC 

- 2.	**Secondary endpoints were change in Total IPN calories and change in IPN or lipid frequency. Pairwise comparisons of the results of these secondary endpoints yielded statistically significant differences between the rh-GH-containing arms and the control group. Are the findings in the table below clinically meaningful? **

## Questions for AC 

| Treatment Groups* |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Group A
rhGH
(n=16) | Group B
rhGH + GLN
(n=16) | Group C
GLN
(n=9) | Group
B vs C | Group
A vs C |
| Change in Total IPN Calories                [kcal/wk] / (p-value) |  |  |  |  |
| -4338.3 | -5751.2 | -2633.3 | -3117.9  (<0.001) | -1705.0  (0.005) |
| Change in IPN or Lipid frequency        [d/wk] (p-value) |  |  |  |  |
| -3.0 | -4.2 | -2.0 | -2.2  (<0.001) | -1.0  (0.025) |

***ITT Population **

**Secondary Efficacy Analysis**

## Questions for AC 

**3.  The primary endpoint was change in Total IPN volume.  Only 1 of the 3 components (IPN volume) was recorded between week 6 and 18.  Is the measurement of IPN volume adequate to demonstrate durability of effect?**
**	****If not, what do you recommend as a minimum follow up period?**

## Questions for AC 

**4.**	**The data were primarily derived from a single, nutritional support tertiary care center.  Are these data generalizable to the population of short bowel syndrome patients?**

**5.**	**Are there specific safety concerns considering the potential for long term use of rh-GH in the treatment of short bowel syndrome patients?**

## Questions for AC 

**6.****	****Do the data support the safety and effectiveness of rh-GH alone or in co-therapy with glutamine in patients with short bowel syndrome?  Are there any additional studies that you would recommend, e.g., dose finding?**
# Presentation: 266955

## Status ReportSectors, Rings, Frame

- February 2003

## Sectors Since the Last Pixel Week

- Qualification of work-hardened 3003 tubes completed.
- About 65% of tubes bent, hardened ready for laser welding of fittings.
- Laser welding of fittings done for 20 tubes, yield is 95% per weld or 90% for tubes.
- Production assembly just starting.
- Too soon to reliably predict schedule, but well ahead of need for modules.

## Sector Production Summary

## Global and Disk Supports

- All vendor fabrication is complete – see pictures next pages for reference.
- Decided to improve pinning scheme of endcones to barrel and of end sections to barrel to improve reproducibility of assembly. Design in progress.
- Remaining work
- Parylene coating
- Survey by CMM of barrel with endcones
- Drilling disk sections for ring insertion

## Disk Frame Sections

- Both sections at LBNL, have been inspected and are good.

- First frame delivered

- Second frame delivered

## Support Frame
# Presentation: 936923

## Location of Stratocumulus Cloud-top Heights in the Presence of Strong Inversions

- Harshvardhan and Robert N. Green
*Dept. of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences*
*Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN*
- Larry Di Girolamo and Guangyu Zhao
*University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL*

## Acknowledgements

- This study was supported by NASA grant NNG04GE14G to Purdue University, the GEST Visiting Fellows Program, and JPL contract 121756 to the University of Illinois. We would also like to thank the following for very informative discussions regarding MODIS cloud products:
- Steve Platnick, Michael King and Bill Ridgway, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD
- Bo-Cai Gao, NRL, Washington DC
- Jim Coakley, Oregon State U., Corvallis, OR
- Richard Frey, SSEC, Madison, WI
- Others not listed above

## July 5 2001 1905 UTC

## July 19 2005 1925 UTC

## July 5 2001 1905 UTC

- MISR swath

## “Soundings” are from NCEP GDAS analysis

- a

- b

- c

- (a)

- (b)

- (c)

- “Soundings” are from NCEP GDAS analysis

## MISR MODIS comparison

- MISR AN RGB

- MISR CTH [m]

- MODIS Collection 5 [m]

- b

- c

## MISR

- Collection 5

- Collection 4

## Collection 5 -  Collection 4

## MISR MODIS comparison

- MODIS – MISR CTH [m]

- Strong Inversion Overcast

- Weak Inversion Broken Clouds

## Near-IR Water Vapor Column Amount

- a

- b

- c

- 0.75 cm
- 865 hPa

- (a)

- 0.9 cm
- 930 hPa

- (b)

- 2.0 cm
- 965 hPa

- (c)

## July 19 2005 1925 UTC

- Marine Stratus Experiment

## Slide 13

## MISR MODIS Comparison

- MISR CTH [m]

- MODIS Collection 5 [m]

- MISR AN RGB

## MISR MODIS Comparison

- MODIS – MISR CTH [m]

## NCEP GDAS analysis for 38N 124W

- 1.1 cm
- 900 hPa

- Near-IR water vapor above cloud and corresponding loud top pressure

## Temperature and Liquid Water Content Profiles Made During the Racetrack Leg of the MASE Flight on July 19 2005 from 1800 to 1930 UTC

## April 13 2001 2150 UTC

## ~1000 m cloud top

- ~2000 m cloud top

- Very thin cirrus
- overlying low
- clouds

- Multi-layered
- clouds

- Multi-layered
- clouds

## April 13 2001 2150 UTC Collection 5

- April 13 2001 2150 UTC Collection 5

## April 13 2001 2150 UTC Collection 5

## April 13 2001 2150 UTC Collection 5 – Collection 4

## Concluding Remarks

- For low clouds, the algorithm assigning the *cloud top pressure* to window brightness temperature tends to choose the higher altitude solution when the temperature profile has a strong inversion
- Ancillary information in the form of near-infrared water vapor column amount above cloud top can be used to choose the appropriate solution if more than one solution has been provided
- For Terra, MISR can provide additional input and for Aqua, CLOUDSAT may play a similar role
- Although this problem can be detected when studying granule level data, there is harm in letting it percolate up to spatially and temporally averaged information provided to climate modelers and the general public
# Presentation: 703544

## NATIONAL NUCLEAR SECURITY ADMINISTRATION

*** ******SERVICE CENTER***
***EEO & DIVERSITY OFFICE ORGANIZATIONAL CHART***

**OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR**
- KAREN BOARDMAN, EEO OFFICER    (505) 845-6050

_**Special Emphasis Diversity Advisory Committee**_
-   DIRECTOR, NNSA SERVICE CENTER
-   SENIOR DIVERSITY CHAMPION MEMBER
-   EEO & DIVERSITY OFFICE
-   SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM MANAGERS
-   OFFICE OF HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES MANAGER
-   SANDIA SITE OFFICE MANAGER
-   HQ OFFICE OF SECURE TRANSPORTATION MEMBER*
-   HQ OFFICE OF STRATEGIC PLANNING & ANALYSIS
-   MEMBER*
-   *LOCATED AT THE SERVICE CENTER

**NNSA SC**
**EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY & DIVERSITY OFFICE **
- YOLANDA GIRON, EEO & DIVERSITY PROGRAM MANAGER                  (505) 845-4243
- DEBRA PARRISH, DEPUTY, EEO & DIVERSITY MANAGER	    (505) 845-6021
- KAREN HARGER, EEO & DIVERSITY SPECIALIST	           	    (505) 845-6668
- PADILLA, PATTY, DIVERSITY SPECIALIST		    (505) 845-4976
- DENISE RAMOS, EEO & DIVERSITY SPECIALIST                                     (505) 845-5920
- MAE HARRIS, EEO & DIVERSITY ASSISTANT                                           (505) 845-5517
- SUZANNE SANDOVAL, EEO & DIVERSITY SPECIALIST STUDENT TRAINEE
- 				    (505) 845-6385

***NNSA SC ******SPECIAL EMPHASIS***
***PROGRAM  MANAGERS***
-   LEVI BOWMAN, AIP                 (505) 845-5984
-   GERALDINE DURAN, APAP    (505) 845-4379
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**  *****SITE OFFICE***
***SPECIAL EMPHASIS ******PROGRAM  MANAGERS***
-     BARBARA THOMAS, KCSO  (816) 997-2846
-     SHERMAN CHAO, LSO         (925) 423-9657
-     DON AMI, LASO                    (505) 665-2667
-     TIM HENDERSON, NSO        (702) 295-1988
-     CAROL SHELTON, NSO       (702) 295-0286
-     MONTRELL HARRIS, PSO    (806) 477-4257
-     ISMAEL VALENZUELA, SSO (505) 845-5308
-    CATHERINE BURGIN, Y-12   (865) 576- 9243

***NNSA SC-EEO COUNSELORS***
-   YOLANDA BOLIVAR, OFS   (505) 845-5117
-   PECOLIA SHARTS-MEADOWS, OFFM
- 	                (505) 845-4128
-   KATHY SUMBRY-WILKINS, OFS
-     	                (505) 845-6608
-   EDNA WHITE, OTS              (505) 845-4074

** *****SITE OFFICE EEO COUNSELORS***
-   NATHAN GORN, KCSO            (816) 997-4107
-   BONNI WETHINGTON, LASO	(505) 667-4667
-   ANITA MARTIN SCHINNERL, LSO
- 				(925) 422-1141
-   KEITH WARWICK, LSO          	(925) 423-5884
-   LAURA HAVERLOCK, NSO	(702) 295-2339
-   VACANT, PXSO
-   DAVID M. RAST, SSO  **           ****	**(505) 845-5349
**  **CATHERINE BURGIN, Y-12	(865) 576-9243
**             **
** ****AGENT OPERATIONS**
-   JOSE MARTINEZ, FAF WC 	(505) 845-4200
-   BRUCE COCHRAN, FAF EC    (865) 574-3297
-   JOHN CARR, FAF CC              	(806) 477-3022
-    MICHAEL GILLESPIE, TRALOC
- 				(479) 709-5300
-  				   Ext. 5355
# Presentation: 882404

## Mapping Electron Transfer Pathways in Photosynthesis

**Mapping Electron Transfer Pathways in Photosynthesis**
-    In photosynthesis, the primary energy conversion reactions involve a photoinitiated sequence of efficient electron-transfer steps resulting in charge separation across a biological membrane, thus converting light into an electrochemical potential.  These biological electron transfer reactions occur between cofactors (electron-holding molecules) that are encased within a well-ordered protein “scaffolds”. The protein amino acid environments surrounding the cofactors have been tuned by biology to provide optimal pathways for electron transfer and solar energy conversion.  Up to now chemists have been limited in their ability to see the pathways for electron transfer between cofactors in photosynthetic proteins and to resolve how protein environments contribute to highly efficient solar energy conversion.
- Using specialized magnetic resonance spectroscopies, we have discovered a new method for directly detecting magnetic interactions between electron-holding cofactors and amino acid environments, thus allowing electron transfer pathways to be mapped within photosynthetic proteins.  This new method will enable us to explore the fundamental mechanisms for highly efficient light-induced electron transfer and energy conversion in photosynthesis, and it will facilitate the design of biomimetic artificial photosynthesis.

-    As with a road-map where there are multiple paths for travel between points A and B, including those that are more (green) or less (red) efficient, there are multiple pathways possible for electron transfer between cofactors (red, blue, purple molecules) in proteins (gray lines). Argonne’s magnetic resonance technique provides a new way to directly detect electron transfer paths in proteins.

- Poluektov O. G., Utschig L.M. Dubinskij A.A., Thurnauer M.C.
- “ENDOR of Spin-Correlated Radical Pairs in Photosynthesis at High Magnetic Field: A Tool for Mapping Electron Transfer Pathways”
**J. AM. CHEM. SOC**. 2004, 126, 1644-1645
# Presentation: 668025

## General Status of STAR pp run as of June 13, 2005 (~noon).

- General Status of STAR pp run as of June 13, 2005 (~noon).

- 7.48 pb-1 delivered
- ~2.42 pb-1 sampled

- 383 nb-1 delivered
- ~ 124 nb-1 sampled
- (124/180 ~ 69 %)

- N.B. 7 pb-1 @ 40% ~ 179 nb-1

## FOM plots through June 13, 2005 (~ noon).

- Goal = 180 nb-1 Sampled FOM
- 124/180 ~ 69%

**Sampled FOM ~ 124 nb-1**

## General Status of STAR pp run as of June 13, 2005 (~noon).

- General Status of STAR pp run as of June 13, 2005 (~noon).

- 14.38 Mevts
- Goal is 20 Mevts
- 14.85/20 ~ 74%

- Total of 358 hrs
# Presentation: 494332

## Protests 13 CFR §126 Subpart H

- Who may initiate:
- Sole Source
- SBA or the CO
- Competitive
- Any interested party
- Issues involving size will be treated as a size protest, if protest involves size and status, each will be reviewed concurrently

## Protests(cont’d)

- Format:
- must be in writing and be specific
- Filing:
- unsuccessful offeror - to the contracting officer
- CO or SBA - submit to the Asso. Admin/HUB
- delivered in person, by Fax US or Express mail
- Timeliness:
- 	 -- Within 5 business days of bid opening or notification of successful offeror

## Protests(cont’d)

- The contracting officer must refer protests to the SBA Asso. Admin/HUB
- SBA notifies the CO and the protester of the date of receipt and whether the protest will be processed or dismissed
- SBA will determine HUBZone status within 15 business days of receipt unless extended

## Protests(cont’d)

- Should SBA fail to decide the protest within 15 business days (unless the CO grants an extension),  the CO may award the contract
- The SBA AA/HUB will decide HUBZone protests
- SBA will notify the CO, protester and the protested firm of its determination
- If upheld, effective immediately - decertification

## FAR on protesting HUB status

- Section 19.306 (c) (e) (k)
- All protest in writing
- Offeror must submit protest to the CO
- All protests must be submitted to the AA/HUB
- AA/HUB will notify the CO and the protestor of the date the protest was received and whether the protest will be processed or dismissed for timeliness or lack of specificity
- Appeal decision by the ADA GC/BD: 5 days

## Appeals 13 CFR §126.805

- The HUBZone SBC, protester or CO may appeal
- Must be received by SBA within 5 business days after receipt of the protest determination
- SBA will only re-examine cases where there was a clear and significant error or complete failure to consider a significant fact

## Appeals (cont’d)

- SBA will not consider additional information or changed circumstances that were not disclosed at the time of the decision or that are based upon a disagreement with the determination
- Appeal must be in writing
- Appeals will be decided by the ADA/GC&BD

## Penalties For Misrepresentation of Status

- Suspension or debarment
- By SBA and or the Contracting Agency
- Civil Penalties
- False Claims Act and
- Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act

## Penalties (cont’d)

- Criminal penalties
- may be applied in cases where a firm knowingly misrepresents itself as a HUBZone SBC or
- is found to have made false statements or misrepresentations to the SBA for the purpose of  influencing any  SBA action
# Presentation: 143317

## H-VTEC in Hydro Products

- Jason ElliottNWS Huntsville

## What is H-VTEC?

- Standardized coding that will appear in all watch/warning/advisory products
- NWS is testing this code in point-based river flood warnings and statements now.
- In the TVA area, the following WFOs are participating in the test:
- MRX (Morristown, TN)
- HUN (Huntsville, AL)
- PAH (Paducah, KY)
- All other offices are scheduled to begin using the code in the summer of 2007

## The H-VTEC Line

- A

- stC001-002-ddhhmm-
- /k.aaa.cccc.pp.s.####.yymmddThhnnZB-yymmddThhnnZE+6/
**/nwsli.s.ic.yymmddThhnnZ****B****.yymmddThhnnZ****C****.yymmddThhnnZ****E****.fr/**
- hhmm am/pm time_zone day mon dd yyyy

**nwsli .......................NWS Location Identifier**
**s ..............................Flood Severity Code**
**ic .............................Immediate Cause**
**yymmddThhnnZ****B**** ..Flood Beginning Date/Time**
**yymmddThhnnZ****C**** ..Flood Crest Date/Time**
**yymmddThhnnZ****E**** ..Flood Ending Date/Time**
**yymmdd - Year, Month, and Day**
**hhnn - Hour and Minute in UTC**
**“****T” & “Z” - non-numeric characters (FIPS/ANSI)**
**fr .............................Flood Record Status**

## The Forecast is Important!

- The forecasts issued by the RFCs and TVA will directly drive the times put in the code.
- Crest forecasts (when issued) will also directly populate the crest time in the code.

- stC001-002-ddhhmm-
- /k.aaa.cccc.pp.s.####.yymmddThhnnZB-yymmddThhnnZE+6/
**/nwsli.s.ic.yymmddThhnnZ****B****.yymmddThhnnZ****C****.yymmddThhnnZ****E****.fr/**
- hhmm am/pm time_zone day mon dd yyyy

## Calculations of Code Times

**Flood Stage**

**Action Stage**

**Observed Data**

**24 hr Forecast**

- /TEST1.1.ER.061019T0320Z.061019T0600Z.061019T2230Z.NO/

## Calculations of Code Times

**Flood Stage**

**Action Stage**

**Observed Data**

**6 hr Forecast**

**Crest Forecast**

- /TEST1.1.ER.061019T0331Z.061019T1400Z.061020T0320Z.NO/

## The Biggest Pitfall?

- NWS software recommendations always assume that the _forecast is correct_!
- This means you (TVA) may be hearing from us (NWS) more during flood situations...especially as the “fall below flood stage” time approaches or occurs.
**Because of the coding, we must make a “call” on flood warnings within six hours of the time when the point is forecast to fall below flood stage.**

- stC001-002-ddhhmm-
- /k.aaa.cccc.pp.s.####.yymmddThhnnZB-yymmddThhnnZE+6/
**/nwsli.s.ic.yymmddThhnnZ****B****.yymmddThhnnZ****C****.yymmddThhnnZ****E****.fr/**
- hhmm am/pm time_zone day mon dd yyyy
# Presentation: 267443

## Post-Default Payment Application

- Department of Education
- FSA
- Borrower Services - Collections

## Regulation: Section 682.404(f)

**Effective Date:  1/1/98**

## How does the Department Apply Payments?

- ED applies payments according to the following sequence:
- 1.  Assessed Fees/Costs,
- 2.  Outstanding Penalties,
- 3.  Outstanding Accrued Interest,
- 4.  Remaining Principal.

## Determination of Applicable Collection Costs 

- ED uses “make-whole” formula in   CFR 30.60  ( 1 / 1-CR ),
- Costs are accessed on total Principal plus Interest,
- Costs are calculated daily, but only accessed at time of payment application.

## How the Fee is Shown to the Borrower...

- 	ED currently uses a 25% Fee, based our PCA fees of 20%, therefore:
- 	A debt with a $5,000 balance (without the fee) becomes $6,250.  All letters and bills would reflect this total balance if the debt has been placed with a private collection agency.

## What did he just say?

- Here are a couple of examples that will help to illustrate this point...

##  EXAMPLE 1

- Borrower owes:
-   Principal            Interest  	Total
-  $4,000.00         $1,000.00	$5,000
- Borrower billed for $6,250.00
- P=$4,000.00, I=$1,000.00, CF=$1,250.00
- (P&I-$5,000.00 * 1.25 (1\1-0.20)

## Borrower Pays...

**Payment-In-Full of $6,250.00 received...**
- ED applies 20% of Payment (6250*.20)
- $1,250.00 added to debt as Collection Fee
- Payment applied, as followed:
- $1,250.00 to Collection Fees
- $1,000.00 to Accrued Interest
- $4,000.00 to Principal Outstanding

##  EXAMPLE 2

- Borrower owes:
-   Principal            Interest
-  $9,000.00         $1,000.00
- Borrower billed for $12,500
- 	P&I-$10,000.00 + CF-$2,500 (P&I*20%)

## Borrower Pays...

**Payment of $1,000.00 received...**
- ED applies 20% of Payment (1000*.20)
- $200.00 added to debt as Collection Fee
- Payment applied, as followed:
- $200.00 to Collection Fees
- $800.00 to Accrued Interest
- Outstanding Balance after Payment Application
-  Principal             Interest         Costs/Other Fees
- $9,000.00             $200.00               $0.00

##  EXAMPLE 2 (Continued)

- Borrower makes another payment, after $100.00 in Interest Accrues,
- New Balance before payment:
-   Principal            Interest           Costs/Other Fees
-  $9,000.00           $300.00                 $0.00
- Borrower billed for $11,625.00
- 	P&I-$9,300 + CC-$2,325(P&I*20%)

## Borrower Pays...

**2nd Payment of $1,000.00 received...**
- ED applies 20% of Payment (1000*.20)
- $200.00 added to debt as Collection Fee
- Payment applied, as followed:
- $200.00 to Collection Fees,
- $300.00 to Accrued Interest,
- $500.00 to Principal
- Outstanding Balance after Payment Application
-  Principal             Interest         Costs/Other Fees
- $8,500.00             $0.00                   $0.00
# Presentation: 718620

## Rotational Ligand Dynamics in Mn[N(CN)2]2.pyrazine

- Group C
- Jun Tian, Wei Zhou, Greg Hura, Vicky Garcia Sakai, Chris Kitchens, Joon Ho Roh, Amit Kumar, Yifu Ding

## Mn[N(CN)2]2.pyrazine

-  material consisting of transition metal ions linked by polydentate organic ligands
-  forms different structures at low and high temperatures
-  at 1.3K 3D antiferromagnetic order, monoclinic lattice
-  ~ 200K orthorhombic structure
-  ~ 408K DSC shows additional phase transition ?

## Why use neutron scattering?

- Have wavelengths comparable to interatomic distances and energies comparable to phonon and intermolecular interaction energies
-      	 obtain information on geometry and time-scale of 	motions simultaneously
- Interact differently with H and D
- Have a magnetic moment
- Interact directly with the nucleus

## Disc-Chopper Spectrometer

- _Experimental runs_
-  protonated (T=395, 405, 415, 425K)
-  deuterated     (T=300, 390, 400K)
-  vanadium
-  background

## Measured Scattering	

- Incoherent scattering dominated by protons
- Sinc(Q,) is the space and time FT of the self-correlation function..probability of finding a particle at time t in position r given that it was at the origin at time t=0
- Fit using model such as diffusional motion of protons among equivalent sites

**Elastic**** ****contribution**

**Inelastic**** ****contribution**

## Results

**395K**
**425K**

## Results

- T=425K

## Conclusion

- A thermally activated 2-fold jump motion about the coordinating nitrogen axis takes place which actually starts at 200K. At 408K more pyrazine rings perform this motion and a more open framework structure forms.

- Thanks to the organizers!
# Presentation: 381515

## Dust as a Tracer of Climate Change in Antarctica and as modulator of Phytoplankton Activity 

- Ice core records show a correlation of dust deposition and temperature changes (Recent and in geological times)

- McConnell et al, PNAS, 2007

- Phytoplankton activity is very sensitive to changes in nutrient availability (particularly in the Southern Ocean)

***Soiree Experiment, Edward et al, Nature***** 407, 727-730(12 October 2000) | doi:10.1038/35037555 **

- Artificially seeded Fe in the SO

- Chlorophyll visible for several days afterwards

**Notes:**
Figure on the left shows an increase of dust deposition and Ts in Antartica
Figure on the right shows that deposition of Fe in the Souther Ocean Waters can trigger a phytoplankton bloom visible from satellite.

## A combination of MODIS and OMI observations shows dust traveling a long way in the South Atlantic...

- Observation of dust in the SO is very difficult because:
- Very cloudy --- > very few clear sky retrievals ----- > sampling problem
- Dust activity is episodic and in pulses.
- Only a combination of satellite retrievals can help to understand dust transport and detection in the SO as this example shows.

**Notes:**
Observation of dust in the SO is very difficult because:
Very cloudy --- > very few clear sky retrievals ----- > sampling problem
Dust activity nowadays is episodic

Only a combination of satellite retrievals can help to understand dust transport and detection in the SO as this example shows.

## Indirect Effects from Degassing Volcanoes can be comparable to human effects

- Weakly explosive volcanoes play an important role in the sulfur cycle and radiative forcing.
- Estimation is model dependent due to parameterization and emissions height inventory
- Very poor global characterization of degassing activity of volcanoes.

- Anthropogenic (a) ,Volcano (b), DMS (c ) Radiative forcing- Graf et al, 1997

## Observations of the impact of weak volcanic activity on clouds

- A natural laboratory for studying the indirect effect
- First observation of a naturally occurring phenomena similar to man-made ship-tracks
- Used two-satellite platforms to characterize the event.
# Presentation: 560117

## Electronic Devices Inside an Optical Fiber

- Electronic Devices *Inside* an Optical Fiber
- J. Badding, V. Gopalan, Penn State,
- P. Sazio, Southampton, UK, **DMR 0502906**
-    Fusion of optical fibers and semiconductor electronics would enable a vision of “all fiber optoelectronics,” in which many if not all of the functions currently performed by discrete devices could be directly integrated into the structure of the fibers themselves. Dramatic advantages in cost and performance as well as entirely new capabilities could result from active optoelectronic fiber devices that can be constructed by integrating crystalline semiconductors and also metals into fibers. However it is challenging to integrate such materials into fibers, as they have very different melting points and viscosities as compared with glasses and thus cannot in general be drawn into fiber. We overcame this difficulty using a high-pressure microfluidic chemical deposition technique that allows for CVD-like fabrication within the organized arrays of micrometer-to-nanometer-scale pores of microstructured optical fibers. We have demonstrated a field-effect transistor inside an optical fiber, integration of single crystal silicon into an optical fiber, and the first all-optical modulator in a  silicon-filled silica optical fiber.
*Science*, **311**, 1583, (2006); *Photonics Spectra*, August (2006); *Adv. Mat. *(in press, 2007); *Appl. Phys. Lett*. **91**, 16112, (2007)

**Ge**

**SiO****2**

**First Ge-FET inside a fiber**

**A Ge-broom consisting of hundreds of Ge wires precisely spatially organized with respect to each other in a silica  optical fiber.**

## International Collaboration and Hosting of Young Scientists

**J.V. Badding, V. Gopalan, Penn State, P. Sazio, Southampton**** ****DMR-****0502906**

-    The PI’s, Venkat Gopalan and John Badding, have an international collaboration with the University of Southampton.  In the past year there have been 2 separate student visits to Southampton and 1 student visit to Penn State, along with a visit from the UK PI, Pier Sazio. This international collaboration has been productive, resulting in high impact publications in journals such as Science and Advanced Materials.  The students have been exposed to forefront research in the areas of materials and photonics, while patenting and assessment of the considerable potential of the research for commercialization continues in cooperation with Southampton.  Funding from a major US corporation has been obtained.  A student from the University of Puerto-Rico was hosted for the summer to work on the project.

**Top:**  3 Colleagues from Southampton visiting Penn State (Pier Sazio, standing extreme left; Adrian Correa, standing extreme right, Anna Peacock, seated right.
**Bottom:** Lizbeth Cotto from University of Puerto-Rico outside the Chemistry department.
# Presentation: 313798

## OSU & NBS Updates2008 October Materials Meeting

- Materials Working Group

- Michael Burns, FAA Tech Center

- October 21st & 22nd, 2008

## Agenda

- “Mini” European Round Robin Results
- NBS Update
- Photometric System Round Robin
- Experimental Furnace
- Visit To Vatell Corp.
- Calibration Method
- Recoating Techniques
- New FAA Equipment
- Maintenance Tips & Reminders
- Next Steps

## 2008 Mini-Study 

- ‘Mini-Study’ Complete
- 4 Labs In All
- Two Honeycomb Panels
- S-SCCP (Brown)
- Marker Panel (White)
- OSU
- Peak Heat Release Rate
- 2 minute Total Heat Release Rate
- Time To Peak
- NBS
- Maximum Specific Optical Density (4 Minute)

**Notes:**
Along with a one standard deviation bracket

## Slide 4

## Slide 5

## Slide 6

## Slide 7

## Slide 8

## Slide 9

## Slide 10

## NBS Photometric System Round Robin

- FAA Is Currently Conducting A Round Robin Check Out Of The NBS Photometric System Using Neutral Density Light Filters
- These Filters Provide A Linearity Check Of Five Data Points

## NBS Photometric System Round Robin

- No Furnace Heat Or Pilot Burner Required
- Zero Then Span system
- Gradually Slide Filter Over Lower Glass Window
- 12 Domestic Labs Have Participated To Date
- Filter Information:
- Edmund Optics
- _[http://www.edmundoptics.com/onlinecatalog/DisplayProduct.cfm?productid=1523](http://www.edmundoptics.com/onlinecatalog/DisplayProduct.cfm?productid=1523)_
- Filters Available For International Lab Testing Within The Next Few Weeks.

## NBS Furnace

- NBS Furnace Upgrade
- Longer Service Life Of Heating Element.
- Experimental Furnace Endurance Testing Progress
- Incoloy Vs. Inconel
- Approx. 742 Hours Of Operation
- 43 Cycles
- 28 Samples

## Visit To Vatell Corp.

- Calibration Method
- Differed From What The FAA Has Been Doing
- Ramping Heat Up During Calibration Vs. Down
- New Study In Progress To Measure Any Differences Between Procedures
- Observed Re-Coating Techniques
- 1000 - 1B’s (Lower Range, Most Common)
- Black Velvet
- 1000 - 1A’s
- Krylon
- Visit To Medtherm Corp. Slated For Early 2009

## New FAA Equipment

- FAA Has Recently Purchased A New:
- OSU Heat Release Rate Apparatus
- 	– Fire Test Technology Ltd.
- NBS Smoke Chamber
- 	– Newport Scientific, Inc.
- Due To Arrive In the Next Few Weeks
- Facility Being Painted
- Installed Once Complete
- Original Equipment Will Remain Available For Special Testing And Occasional Training

## Maintenance Tips & Reminders

**OSU**
- Inspect And Clean Lower Air Distribution Plate On A Regular Basis
- Keep The Upper Cone Walls And Chimney Clean
**NBS**
- Remember To Clean Windows Before Each Test (Top Then Bottom)
- Ensure Proper Alignment Of Pilot Tubes To Sample Face

## Next Steps

- International Labs Who Would Like To Participate In The NBS Photometric System Round Robin Please Contact The FAA
- Complete Study To Measure Any Differences Between Heat Flux Gage Calibrating Procedures
- FAA Remains In The Process Of Updating Chapter 6 Of The FAA Handbook (NBS)
- Thank You For Comments On Chapter 6 Updates
- FAA Contact Information:
- Michael Burns At _[mike.burns@faa.gov](mailto:mike.burns@faa.gov)__ _
- +1 (609) 485-4985
# Presentation: 424149

## Seasonal Drought Outlook Update

**Status, Progress, and Improvements**
**Douglas Le Comte**
**NOAA/CPC**
**Drought Forum**
**October 20-21, 2005**

## Latest Outlook

## Main Inputs to the Outlook

## Drought Outlook History 

**Originated with the August 1999 White House briefing**
**Intent is to present a simple national picture of where droughts will improve, persist, or develop**
**First released to the public in March 2000**
**Issued continuously each month, with updates as required, by any of 3 CPC forecasters**
**Incorporates numerous inputs, but must be consistent with the CPC latest official long-lead precipitation outlooks**

## Selected Forecast Tools

## CPC 2-Wk Soil Moisture Forecast

**http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/soilmst/cas.shtml**

## GSM 13-Week Soil Moisture Forecasts

**GSM 13-Week Soil Moisture Forecasts**

**13-week forecast**
**change in soil**
**moisture from the **
**ECPC GSM model**

*Oct 15-22*

* **Jan 7-14*

**http://ecpc.ucsd.edu/m2s/m2s_ECPC_forecasts.html**

## Constructed Analog Soil Moisture NA

## Constructed Analog Soil Moisture USA

**http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/soilmst/cas.shtml**

- Observed

- Forecast

## CDC Klaus Wolter Forecast

## NCDC Drought Amelioration Probabilities

## How Are We Doing?

## Sample Drought Verification Panel

## Retrospective Look at the Forecast Tools

## Time Series of Verification Scores

- Mean Pct Correct 59%
- Mean Persistence Score 45%

## How Did We Do With the Western Drought?

**Too cautious**
**in September!**

**Finally got**
**it right in Dec!**

## Selected Future Improvements

**Better seasonal temp/precip forecasts thanks to new consolidation tool**
**Better seasonal soil moisture forecasts from NLDAS projects (Univ. of WA, Princeton, NCEP)**
**Research leading to improved understanding of the underlying causes of drought (e.g., air-sea and ground-air interactions)**

## Parting Wisdom

**“****If you’re going to predict, predict often.  As long as you keep updating  your prediction, people forget your last prediction.”****  **
***Milton Friedman***