# Presentation: 562434

## The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)

- UW-Madison

*Satellite Direct*
*Readout Users*
*Conference for the Americas*
*12 December 2002*

- Timothy J. Schmit
- NOAA/NESDIS/STAR (formerly ORA)
- SaTellite Applications and Research (STAR)
-   Advanced Satellite Products Team (ASPT)
- in collaboration with the
- Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS)
- Madison, WI

## Current GOES Imagers -- a wide variety of Applications

## Limitations of Current GOES  Imagers

- Regional/Hemispheric scan conflicts
- Low spatial resolution
- Missing spectral bands
- Eclipse and related outages

## The Advance Baseline Imager:

**	****	****	****	****ABI****	****	****	****Current**
**Spatial resolution **
- 	0.64 m Visible 	0.5 km 		Approx. 1 km
- 	Other Visible 	1.0 km		n/a
- 	IR bands		2 km			Approx. 4 km
**Spatial coverage****	**
**	**Full disk		4 per hour		Every 3 hours
- 	CONUS        		12 per hour		4 per hour
**Operation during eclipse****	****	****	**
**	****	****	****	**Yes			No
**Spectral Coverage**
- 				15/16 bands		5 bands

## IR channels on the current GOES and on the ABI

**IR channels on the current GOES and on the ABI**

**Notes:**
This is from Mat G.

## Visible and near-IR channels on the ABI

**Visible and near-IR channels on the ABI**

- Haze

- Clouds

- Veg.

- Cirrus

- Part. size

- Snow

## Visible and near-IR channels the proposed ABI

**Visible and near-IR channels the proposed ABI**

**Notes:**
the radiance plot is the same clear SCAR-B scene

## ABI Bands

- Current GOES Imagers

- MSG or Sounder

- MODIS or MTG, etc

**ABI Bands**

**Notes:**
Band pass are approximate

## ABI Bands

- Current GOES Imagers

**ABI Bands**

- MSG or Sounder

- MODIS or MTG, etc

**Notes:**
Band pass are approximate

## ABI Bands

- Current GOES Imagers

**ABI Bands**

- MSG or Sounder

- MODIS or MTG, etc

**Notes:**
Band pass are approximate

## ABI-18 Bands

- Current GOES Imagers

- MODIS or MTG etc

**ABI-18 Bands**

- These bands will lead to both improved and new products.

- MSG or Sounder

**Notes:**
Band pass are approximate

MTG is Meteosat Third Generation

## 19 January 2001, 1720 UTC 

- MODIS  0.5 km

- GOES-8  1 km

- MODIS  0.25 km

- MODIS  1 km

**Lake Effect Snow Bands: Visible**

## Severe convection: 

**IR windows**
**25 February 2001**

- The simulated ABI clearly captures the over-shooting (cold) cloud tops, while the current GOES Imager does not.
- Images shown in GOES projection.

- MODIS (1 km)

- ABI (2 km)

- GOES-8 (4 km)

## (For the standard atmosphere at a 40 degree Local Zenith Angle)

**Weighting Functions for the ABI IR Channels**

## Cloud Thermodynamic Phase

**Cloud Thermodynamic Phase**
- 21 April, 2001 at 1745 UTC   ARM Southern Great Plains Site

**Kansas**

**Oklahoma**

***Nasiri, Frey, Baum -- IR Cloud Thermodynamic Phase***

- BTD[8.5-11] and BT[11] consistent with mixed ice and water phase clouds, supercooled water cloud, overlapped clouds

## Daytime water/ice cloud delineation

- Daytime water/ice cloud delineation

## Simulated 

- Simulated
- ABI
- (11-12 μm)

- One day after the Mt. Cleveland eruption
- 20 February 2001, 0845 UTC

**Volcanic Ash Plume:  11-12 and 8.5-11 μm images**

- Simulated
- ABI
- (8.5-11 μm)

## SO2 calculations from F. Prata

## GOES Sounder Ozone and Turbulence

- UW/CIMSS

## (MODIS Bands 1/4/3)

- “True color” example from MODIS of smoke, cloud and land.

## GOES-R will allow for improved characterization of fire dynamics

**GOES-R and GOES-I/M Simulations of Viejas Fire ****Using MODIS Data:  January 3, 2001 at 1900 UTC**

**Simulated GOES-R:  3.9 micron**

**Simulated GOES-I/M:  3.9 micron**

**GOES-R:  3.9 micron brightness temperatures **

**GOES-I/M:  3.9 micron brightness temperatures**

## GOES WFABBA Monitors Rapid Intensification of Wildfires 

**Notes:**
One of the primary advantages of using geostationary data for fire monitoring is the ability to detect and monitor rapidly growing fires.  Two examples are shown in this slide.  
On 20 June 2002, the GOES Wildfire ABBA monitored the Chedeski and Rodeo fires in Arizona. The rapid intensification of the Rodeo/Chediski complex was one of the most extreme examples ever documented with the GOES WF_ABBA.
On 6 July 2002,  the GOES Wildfire ABBA monitored the rapid growth and intensification of numerous fires in Quebec.  UW-Madison CIMSS is collaborating with M. Moreau (Environment Canada/Meteorological Services/Quebec Region) to evaluate the capability of the WF_ABBA for detecting and monitoring wildfires in remote regions at northerly latitudes in the province of Quebec, Canada. During the recent outbreak of wildfires in Quebec, M. Moreau indicated that the GOES WF_ABBA served as an excellent tool for monitoring fires in real-time especially in the restricted protection zone in Northern Quebec where conventional fire monitoring is limited.  He indicated that the latest version of WF_ABBA has significantly fewer false alarms with good agreement with ground truth verification. 

## GOES one minute multi-spectral imagery were used to monitor  variations in fire activity. Fires A and D show more variation in the observed 3.9 micron brightness temperature indicating more unstable fires.  The background conditions (lower curves) are relatively stable for all 4 fires.

**GOES one minute multi-spectral imagery were used to monitor  variations in fire activity. Fires A and D show more variation in the observed 3.9 micron brightness temperature indicating more unstable fires.  The background conditions (lower curves) are relatively stable for all 4 fires.**

**Notes:**
In August of 1996, GOES-9 one minute multi-spectral imagery were used to monitor  variations in fire activity in the Western U.S.  Time series of  the observed 3.9 and 10.7 micron brightness  temperatures (T4 and T11) and the average background values (TB4 and TB11) are plotted for 4 fires.  Fires A and D shown more variation in the observed 3.9 micron brightness temperature indicating more unstable fires.  Note that the background conditions are relatively stable for all 4 fires.

## ABI (3.9 m)Based on GOES Imager Ch 2useful for fog, snow, cloud, and fire detection

- ABI image (from MODIS) shows greater detail in structure of fog.

- GOES-10  4 minus 11 μm Difference

- ABI   4 minus 11 μm Difference

- Fog

- UW/CIMSS

- Both images are shown in
- the GOES projection.

- ABI (3.9 m)Based on GOES Imager Ch 2useful for fog, snow, cloud, and fire detection

## Utility of the 0.86 m band

**Utility of the 0.86**** ********m**** ****band**

- Helps in determining vegetation amount,  aerosols and for ocean/land studies.
- Enables localized vegetation stress monitoring, fire danger monitoring, and albedo retrieval.
- Provides synergy with the AVHRR/3.

- SCARB_0.85um

## MODIS Detects Burn Scars in Louisiana

**MODIS Detects Burn Scars in Louisiana**

- CIMSS, UW

- 17 September 2000-- Post-burning

- ABI will allow for diurnal characterizations of burn areas, this has implications for re-growth patterns.

## GOES Visible Cannot Detect Burn Scars

**GOES Visible Cannot Detect Burn Scars**

- 17 September 2000-- Post-burning

- The GOES visible channel (0.52 - 0.72 μm) does not delineate the burn scars. However, the 0.85 μm channel on MODIS was able to detect the burn scars. This is another reason to include a second visible channel (0.81 - 0.91 μm) on the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI).

## Utility of the 10.35 m band

- - microphysical properties of clouds can be determined. This includes a more accurate determination of cloud particle size during the day or night.
- - cloud particle size is related to cloud liquid water content.
- - particle size may be related to the “enhanced V” severe weather signature.
- - surface properties can be observed in conjunction with the 8.5, 11.2, and 12.3 m bands.
- - low level moisture determinations are enhanced with more split windows.

## ABI spatial coverage rate versus the current GOES Imager

**ABI spatial coverage rate versus the current GOES Imager**

- ABI coverage in 5 minutes

- GOES coverage in 5 minutes

**The anticipated schedule for ABI will be full disk images **
**every 15 minutes plus CONUS images every 5 minutes**.

## Only the GOES perspective gives the needed time continuity

- Special **~5-minute** (infrared window) imagery from GOES-11 during the IHOP field experiment:

- Click on figure to start loop

## Current GOES perspective limits data for full disks

**3-hourly** (infrared window) imagery from GOES-11 during the IHOP field experiment:

- Click on figure to start loop

## ABI-15 (bottom bars) and MSG/SEVIRI (top bars) Channels

## Satellite-derived winds

- 	- higher spatial resolution (better edge detection)
- 	- more frequent images (offers different time intervals)
- 	- better cloud height detection (with multiple bands)
- 	- new bands may allow new wind products (1.38 m?)
- 	- better NEdT’s
- 	- better navigation/registration

**Satellite-derived winds**

## Linden_haze_0.439_to_0.498um   (ABI spectral band from AVIRIS)

- Smoke

## Linden_0.577 _to _0.696_um             (AVIRIS data via MIT/LL)

## Linden_vegetation_0.831 _to _0.889

- Vegetation

## Linden_vegetation_1.365 _to 1.395 um

## Linden_shadow_1.581_1.640um

- Shadow

## Linden 2.232 _to _2.291um Fires

## Summary -- ABI 

-  increasing spatial resolution
-   - closer to NWS goal of 0.5 km IR
-  scanning faster
-   - temporal sampling improved
-   - more regions scanned
-  adding bands
-   - new and/or improved products enabled
- Simulations (from MODIS and AVIRIS) show that the ABI  addresses NWS requirements for improved cloud, moisture, and surface products.
- Every product that is being produced from the current GOES imager will be improved with data from the ABI!
- Plus, ABI will allow exciting new products from geostationary orbit.

**Summary -- ABI**** **

## More information can be found at

- http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/abi/
- http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfview.cgi?username=54285
- http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/modis1/modis1.html
- http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/
- http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/goes.html
- GOES Gallery
- Biomass Burning
- http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/html/c3/sec3-0.htm
- NOAA KLM User's Guide
- http://www.eumetsat.de/en/
- MSG..System..MSG..Payload..Spectral bands..Spectral bands

## General reflectance curves

- from Klein, Hall and Riggs, 1998: *Hydrological Processes*, **12**, 1723 - 1744 with sources from Clark *et al*. (1993); Salisbury and D'Aria (1992, 1994); Salisbury *et al*. (1994)

- http//academic.engr.arizona.edu/HWR/HWR696Fsec3/lectures/HWR696Q_remote_sensing1.ppt

## AVIRIS spectra

- http//academic.engr.arizona.edu/HWR/HWR696Fsec3/lectures/HWR696Q_remote_sensing1.ppt

## MODIS 0.65 um

- A. Heidinger

## MODIS 1.6 um

- A. Heidinger

## MODIS 2.1 um

- A. Heidinger

## A. Heidinger

- MODIS Snow Index from 1.6 um ** Histogram Normalized **

## A. Heidinger

- MODIS Snow Index from 2.1 um ** Histogram Normalized **

## 1.38 um and differing TPW values