# Presentation: 008495

## LWG Assessment of DOE’s Energy Portfolio       

- George Crabtree
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Don McConnell
- Battelle
- Laboratory Working Group Co-Chairs

*Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee*
*February 16-17, 2006*

## Motivation

*	**“**We have not done as good a job as we should in coordinating the activities of the ESE offices. We have not done as good a job as we should in performing the crosscutting analysis we need to justify our budgets to the Congress.”*

- David Garman
- Under Secretary for Energy, Science and Environment
- Senate Confirmation Hearing
- April 6, 2005

## Program Scope

## Applied Energy Programs Units 

## Charge to Laboratory Working Group (LWG)

## Diversify our energy mix and reduce dependence on foreign petroleum, thereby reducing vulnerability to disruption and increasing the flexibility of the marketto meet U.S. needs
Reduce greenhouse gas emissionsand other environmental impacts(water use, land use, criteria pollutants) from our energy production and use
Create a more flexible, more reliableand higher capacity U.S. energy infrastructure, thereby improving energy services throughout the economy, enabling use of diverse sources, and improving robustness against disruption
Improve the energy productivity(or energy efficiency) of the U.S. economy

***The Context:  Advancing Four, Broad National Energy Policy Goals***

**Diversify our energy mix and reduce dependence on foreign petroleum,** thereby reducing vulnerability to disruption and increasing the flexibility of the marketto meet U.S. needs
**Reduce greenhouse gas emissions****and other environmental impacts**(water use, land use, criteria pollutants) from our energy production and use
**Create a more flexible, more reliable****and higher capacity U.S. energy infrastructure, **thereby improving energy services throughout the economy, enabling use of diverse sources, and improving robustness against disruption
**Improve the energy productivity**(or energy efficiency) of the U.S. economy

## LWG Organization

*David Garman*

*Ray Orbach **(if confirmed)*

*EERE, FE, NE, OE, Science **(Pat Dehmer)*

*Don McConnell **George Crabtree** Co-Chairs**~ 30 participants **from Nat’l Labs*

- Under Secretaries for S&T
-  Energy
-  Science

- R&D Council

- S&T Integration
-  Working Group

- S&T Analysts

- S&T Laboratory
- Working Group

- Ad-Hoc S&T
- Analysis Teams

*John Sullivan**Associate Under Secretary for Energy**James Decker **Deputy Director, Office of Science**Co-Chairs*

## Multi-year Process

**FY05 (for FY07 programs)****	****applied energy programs, qualitative impact**
**FY06: (for FY08 programs)   ****	****+ quantitative impact, relation to science, risk**
**FY07 (for FY09 cycle)****	****	****+ model analysis****	**
**FY08 (for FY10 cycle)**

## Analysis Tasks

-  Task 1: Energy R&D Innovation Strand 						definition, assessment & characterization
-  Task 2: Innovation Strand impact analysis
-    Task 3: Integrated portfolio assessment
-    Task 4: Recommendations for an enduring S&T assessment 			process

## Innovation Strands 

- Fusion Energy

- Fuel Gridof the Future

- Supply

- Distribution

- Use

- Zero Emission Fossil
- Electric Generation

- Advanced Nuclear

- Alternative Liquid
- Fuels

- Electric Gridof the Future

- HydrogenInfrastructure

-  Advanced Building Systems

- Industrial Technologies

- Bioenergy/Chemicals

- Renewable Energy

- Fusion Energy

- Vehicle Technologies

- Future Liquid Fuels & Transportation

- Cross-cutting / Enabling Science and Technology Opportunities & Challenges

-  Future Electricity Systems

- Future Hydrogen & Gas Systems

## General Observations on the PortfolioFY05 (for FY07 cycle)

## Earmarks and Budget Swings

## There are several crosscutting technical challenges  that warrant focused attention 

- Energy storage at every scale is a critical issue in multiple technology strands
- Applies to electric grid, buildings, vehicles, renewables
- Need is for both high power density and low weight
- Electrochemical conversion (at high and low temperature) is a key issue
- Applies to hydrogen, fuel cells, energy storage
- New materials for extreme environments are required in multiple technology areas
- Nuclear power, fusion, hydrogen production
- Real-time adaptive control of large scale or complex systems is required at multiple scales
- Engines, buildings, electric grid

## Several areas of science have particularly high enabling potential

- Nanostructured materials will have transforming impact in the near, mid and long term
- Energy storage and conversion, solar power, hydrogen storage
- Engineered materials (e.g. active building components)
- Materials for extreme environments (especially VHT nuclear)
- Catalysis advances will enable
- Energy conversion, zero emission hydrocarbons, biomass
- Advances in systems biology  can “change the game”for biofuels and bioproducts
- Engineered feed stocks, bioprocessing technologies
- Advances in high temperature superconductivity are importantfor both the grid and for fusion
- High end computational modeling and simulation has very high potential for enabling technological advance in many areas
- Engines, fuel cells, process technologies, efficient power plants, etc.

## Basic Science Vision

- Incremental advances in the state of the art of existing energy technologies will not meet the nation's future energy and environmental security challenges.
- Revolutionary innovations are needed, both in the energy technologies themselves and in our understanding of the fundamental science that enables their operation.
- Vibrant fundamental science programs generate revolutionary innovations in two ways: (i)  by discovery-driven advances in the frontier of knowledge, enabling new paradigms and unexpected opportunities for disruptive energy technologies, and (ii) by use-inspired research targeting specific areas where incomplete understanding blocks technological progress. DOE should maintain strong programs in both areas that sustain US leadership in science.
- Basic-applied interactions are a fertile source of innovation.  DOE should develop new ways to stimulate translational research and creative connections across the basic-applied interface.

*The role of science*

## Basic Science Frontiers 

- High Performance Materials
- Science at the nanoscale, especially low-dimensional systems
- Dynamics of physical, chemical and biological phenomena
- Emergent behavior in complex systems, from high Tc superconductors to pattern formation in chemical solutions to self-assembly and self-repair
- Catalysis and control of chemical transformation
- Molecular to systems level understanding of living systems
- Biomimetics and photobiological energy conversion
- Molecular scale understanding of interfacial science, separations, and permeability in physical systems and membranes
- New Tools for:
-   	In situ molecular characterization
-   	Theory/Computation/Numerical Applications
-   	Biomolecule production and characterization

## Basic Science Frontiers High Performance Materials

- Research Directions:
- Stability in extreme environments: temperature, corrosion, radiation
- Greater functionality: fast, small, strong, smart, efficient, multifunctional
- Scientific Challenges:
- Understand structure-function relationship at all scales
- Simulate/model behavior from first principles
- Create properties through nanoscale design
- Potential Impact:
- Next generation materials for nuclear reactors, high temperature thermochemistry, superconductivity, catalysis, biomimetics, energy conversion among photons, electrons, chemical compounds and heat
- Timescale:
- Continuous. Advances are interdependent- discovery in one class of materials triggers breakthroughs in another

## Basic-Applied Research

*Orbach*

*Garman*

*Samuel Bodman*

*Office of Science*

*Applied Energy Offices*

*Basic**Applied**Research*

*Clay Sell*

## Basic-Applied Research

- What are the goals?
- Translation of applications from basic to applied
- 	50% efficient quantum dot solar cell
- 	Cost competitive superconducting wire
- Develop disruptive approach to grand energy challenges
- 	Make an electronic switch  information revolution
- 	Store 24 GWh of electrical energy for 24 hours
- 	Personal transportation at 1/10th cost of cars
- What are the attributes?
- Integrated basic-applied PI teams
- Integrated basic-applied management teams
- Tap the best scientists/engineers: innovative thinkers, receptive to new ideas and people
- Objectives are innovation driven, not time-scale driven
- Stable program: 10+ year life
- International network of workshops and visitors to create community and stimulate fresh perspective
- Periodic review by top scientists/engineers outside DOE
- Examine other innovation machines for organizational inspiration: DARPA, Bell Labs, Google, Microsoft, Apple, Xerox Parc