# Presentation: 703998

## Clean Diesel Engine Implementation Workshop

- Panel on Other Perspectives
- Chicago, August 7, 2003

## Summary

- Review Concerns With Diesel Emissions
- Health Effects From All Particles
- Diesel Toxicity
- Small Size (nano-particles)
- Fuel Sulfur Developments
- PM, NOx Technology Developments
- Conclusions

## Health Effects From Diesel Emissions Beyond Dispute 

- WHO Concludes ~ 800,000 Premature Deaths Each Year From Urban PM; Diesels One Major Source
- Numerous Studies in Europe & US Consistently Link PM With Premature Deaths, Hospital Admissions, Asthma Attacks, Etc.
- No Evidence of a Threshold
- Ozone Also A Serious Health Concern

## PM - The Epidemiology Studies

-  A Number of Epidemiology Studies
-      Europe Studies		     Harvard 6 Cities Study

## Increased Risk of Premature Mortality Due To 10g/m3 PM2.5

- Journal of the American Medical Association, March 2002

**Notes:**
This is not a radical organization!

## Dutch Study Links Proximity To Truck Traffic With Lung FunctionBrunekreef, Epidemiology 1997; 8: 298-303

## Cancer Studies in Railroad Workers 

- Source: Health Effects Institute

## Relative Cancer Risks

- Based on ARB monitoring data 1995 - 1997

**Diesel PM**

**Notes:**
These are relative percentage cancer risks using an estimated statewide average..

## ARB In-Vehicle StudyReal-Time Fine Particle Counts  (L.A. Freeway, AM Rush Hour, Vent Open)

- ARB In-Vehicle StudyReal-Time Fine Particle Counts  (L.A. Freeway, AM Rush Hour, Vent Open)

**Total Particle Counts / cc**

**Notes:**
This slide shows the real-time particle counts that CARB investigators collected during one of the freeway runs of their in-vehicle study.  The pink line shows the total fine particle count measured just outside the test vehicle, and the green line shows the count inside the test vehicle.  Data points were obtained every two minutes over the full 2-hour run.  As you can see, the particle count inside the vehicle closely tracked the high levels just outside the vehicle.  Additionally, the highest peaks occurred when the test car was following a diesel-powered bus and a heavy-duty delivery van.  In other runs, even with the fresh air vent closed, inside levels tended to track the levels and sources outside the vehicle, although to a lesser extent.

Truck Drivers are likely highly exposed!

## *= this number Will Likely Increase

- ***= this number Will Likely Increase**
**As more PM2.5 Data Become**
**Available**

## Slide 11

## Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel Is  Spreading

**Notes:**
US EPA was the first to highlight the need for ultra low sulfur fuel to achieve low emissions levels but others are proceeding to this goal even more quickly than the US.

## Diesel PM Filters Are Now Widespread

- Over 500,000 New Cars in Europe
- Retrofitted on Thousands of Vehicles Worldwide (e.g., Sweden since ’96)
- Will Be On 100% of New Diesel Vehicles in Japan by 2005
- International Already Certified & Cummins & Caterpillar On Track For 2007

**Notes:**
PM Filter developments are further along than our Independent Diesel Panel expected by this time.

- Gasoline and LPG

- G-DI

- Conventional  Diesel

## NOx Control Developments Are Where They Need To Be At This Point

- NOx Aftertreatment Will Not Be Needed Before 2010
- (over 6 more years lead time is available which is extraordinary)
- DeNox Catalysts Are Where They Need To Be At This Point According To Independent Diesel Review Panel – No Show Stoppers!
- SCR Is Also An Available Option
- Infrastructure Remains A Concern
- Places Refueling Burden on Truckers Instead of Engine Makers

**Notes:**
Cummins and Caterpillar have stated that they will not need NOx aftertreatment in 2007,

## Slide 16

**Notes:**
This has been this Administrations Number 1 Environmental Success Story and one which they have wisely reaffirmed on numerous occasions.

## Thank You for Your Attention !