# Presentation: 647034

## Elementary Particle Physics:Revealing the Secrets of Energy and Matter

**The Committee**
**Particle Physics Today**
**Recommendations**
**  **
**Conclusions**

_**H. E. Montgomery,**__**DNP, Asilomar, Oct ‘99**_

## The NRC Committee

**Bruce Winstein       U. Chicago- Chair**
**Eugene Beier  ****	****       U. Pennsylvania**
**James Brau           U. Oregon**
**Persis Drell           Cornell University**
**Gary Feldman****	****       Harvard U.**
**Jerome Friedman     M.I.T.**
**Howard Georgi        Harvard U.**
**David J. Gross        I.T.P, U.C. Santa Barbara**
**Lawrence Hall          L.B.N.L.**
**Stephen Holmes        F.N.A.L.**
**Eugene Loh             U. Utah**
**Hugh Montgomery      F.N.A.L.**
**Nan Phinney            S.L.A.C.**
**Thomas Roser          B.N.L.**
**Marjorie Shapiro       L.B.N.L.**
**Melvyn Shochet        U. Chicago**
**Frank Wilczek          I.A.S. Princeton**
**Michael Witherell      U.C. Santa Barbara ****(now FNAL)**
**Michael Zeller          Yale U.**

_**Acknowledgements**_

**    ****BaBar www, Circle Line www, Ed Blucher, Greg Bock Janet Conrad, Peter Cooper, Gene Fisk, Bill Foster, Steve Holmes, LHC web www, Zoltan Ligeti, Muon Collider www, NLC www, Adam Para, Chris Quigg, Ron Ray, Mike Shaevitz, Panagiotis Spentzouris, Andre Turcot, John Womersley**

## Elementary Particle Physics

**Elementary entities**
**The electron .....    ****100 yrs old**
**...****... **
**The neutrino(s)      ****70 yrs old**
** ****...****...**
**...****. The top quark      ****4 yrs old**
**(Superparticles, Techniparticles)**
** **
**The Fields  **
**Electro-Weak    ****Photon, Z, W**
**Strong            ****gluon**
**(Gravity, Superpotential?)**
**Unification  !?**

## Livingston Plot

** **

## Top Quark & W-Boson Mass

*m**top* [Gev ]
-  173.84+5.04
- Tevatron Average

*m**W* [Gev ]
-  80.394+0.042
-   World Average

## The Standard Model Rules

**EM Coupling ***********em***
**Weak Coupling   *****G******F***** **
***M******Z***** **
** *****M******W***
** *****M******t***

**Agreement Overwhelming!**
**Higgs Mass Low???**

**LEP Z Pole Measurements**
**Tevatron Measurements**

## CKM Triangle

**Triangle from Unitarity??**

**(Perfect Measurements)**

**CKM Matrix relates  strong eigenstates**
** ****and weak eigenstates, 4 parameters; **
**         ****A,**** ******** (phase, --> CP violation)**

## Kaons: Status

**Kaon System is the only one in which CP Violation is observed.**
**Only observed in K****0****L ****!**
**Is CP viol. Indirect, in the Mixing?**
**Is CP viol. Direct, in the Decays?**
**Try to Measure ********’.   ****E731, NA31,**
**        ****Uncertainty 1 10****-4****      KTeV, NA48, KLOE**
-                  Non- Zero!?

## Kaons: Status

**   ****World Average (21.2 +- 2.8) 10^-4**

## sin (2) measurement

**A****CP****(t) =****                                     ****= ****sin (2********) sin (********m****d****t)**** **
**f****  is  J/********K****s****0**
****** ****sin******** ********   @ 93% CL**** (Feldman-Cousins stat)**
**Important Demo at least!!!**

******t****************f ********t****************f******

******t****************f ********t****************f******

## The Neutrinos

**Three Neutrino Flavors**
**   ****  ****neutrino mixing??****  **
**Most Accelerator and Reactor experiments **
**   ****--> null results--> limits on params**
**Solar Neutrino Experiments**
**   ****long time factor of 2 electron neutrinos missing**
**    ****-single number ...            ****(solar model?)**
**Atmospheric Neutrino Experiments**
**   ****Super Kamiokande Muon Neutrinos  factor 2 low wrt electron Neutrinos AND see variations with zenith, day-night ...****Starts to be accepted as oscill. **
** ****LSND experiment**
**   ****anti-muon neutrinos --> anti-electron neutrinos**
**     ****signal debated**

## Neutrinos: Status

## The Standard Model Rules

**      ****Nobel Prizes****(~ past 25 years)**
**Burton Richter, Samuel Ting**
**         ****Charm                    **
**Martin Perl**
**         ****Tau Lepton**
**Carlo Rubbia, Simon Van der Meer**
**          ****W, Z Bosons**
**James Cronin, Val Fitch      **
**          ****CP Violation**
**Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg**
**          ****Electroweak Unification**
**Jerome Friedman, Henry Kendall, Richard Taylor**
**          ****Quarks in nucleon**
**Frederick Reines**
**           ****Electron Neutrino**
**Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger**
**           ****Two Neutrinos**
**Georges Charpak  **
**            ****Particle Detectors**
**Gerardus t’Hooft, Martinus Veltman**
**         ****Quantum Structure of EW Interactions**

## Recommendations for U.S. Elementary-Particle Physics

**1. Recommendations concerning the High Energy Frontier**
**1a Recommendation on the Fermilab Collider Facility**
**--------------------------**
**The United States should capitalize on the potential of the Fermilab Collider Facility while it has unique capabilities for investigations of high mass scale physics.**

## Slide 15

## The Tevatron Collider Detectors

## CDF - D0 Physics Goals

-   QCD** **
- Precision measurements using W, Z, Photon** **in association with jets
- High Et jet production:
- proton structure functions at high x and Q2
- search for di-jet resonances and deviations from QCD at distance scales < 10-17 cm
-   Bottom Physics
-  see later
-  Top Physics
- top production: tt, Pttop, resonance searches, spin correlations, single top (, Vtb)
- top decay: branching ratios, W helicity, Vtb, rare decay modes

## CDF - D0 Physics Goals

_**CDF - D0 Physics Goals**_

-   Electroweak
- Gauge Couplings, W-boson width
- W-boson mass, uncertainty      ~ 40 MeV
- Top-quark mass, uncertainty     ~ 2 GeV

- Particle Searches
- Gauge Bosons:
-  1 TeV -Direct
-  6 TeV -Indirect
- Leptoquarks:
-  Technicolor >500 GeV
- SUSY squarks, gluinos:
- 300-400 GeV
- SUSY Gauginos:
- 150-250 GeV

## CDF - D0 Physics Goals

-    The Higgs    look for  ppbar -->  W H, ZH
-                                                      H--> bbbar, WW*

-  The Challenge for Machine and Detectors!

## Recommendations for U.S. Elementary-Particle Physics

**1. Recommendations concerning the High Energy Frontier**
**1b Recommendation on the Large Hadron Collider**
**--------------------------**
**The committee enthusiastically endorses U.S. participation in the Large Hadron Collider project as a vital and essential component of the U.S. experimental particle physics program.**

## Large Hadron Colliderpp 7 TeV x 7 TeV   

## LHC Layout

## LHC Detectors

- _LHC Detectors_

_**CMS**_

## LHC Physics-Higgs Sensitivity

## Recommendations for U.S. Elementary-Particle Physics

**1. Recommendations concerning the High Energy Frontier**
**1c**** Recommendations on the Next Generation of Accelerators.  **
**--------------------------**
**1c1  Electron Colliders**
**  ****The committee recommends support of an international effort leading toward a complete design and cost estimate of an electron linear collider that would be able to reach a center-of-mass energy of 1.5 TeV and a luminosity of 10^34 cm^-2 sec^-1.**
**   **

## Linear Electron Collider

## Linear Electron Collider

**  ****[(SLC)**
** “****S Band” 3 GHz  ]**
**  ****NLC, JLC (SLAC, KEK, +  ****..**
**“****X-Band” 11 GHz, Klystrons, Normal Conducting**
**  ****best understood?**
**   ****Tesla (DESY + ...**
** ****1.3 GHz,Superconducting  cavities**
**  ****highest luminosity**
**   ****CLIC  (CERN + ..**
** ****30 GHz, Low Energy Beam power source**
** ****potential high energy  **

## Linear Electron Collider

## Recommendations for U.S. Elementary-Particle Physics

**1. Recommendations concerning the High Energy Frontier**
**1c**** Recommendations on the Next Generation of Accelerators.  **
**--------------------------**
**1c2 Muon and Hadron Colliders**
**  ****R&D targeted at developing the technologies for muon and very large hadron colliders should be vigorously pursued.**
**   **

## Very Large Hadron Collider

**10 TeV constituent energy**
**Options**
**High Field Magnets    14 T**
**“****Normal Field Magnets 10-12 T**
**Low Field Magnets        2 T**
**Long tunnel**

## Muon Collider 

**Physics as for electron colliders **
**+ s-channel Higgs (muon mass)**
**+ neutrino physics**

## Slide 32

## Slide 33

## Recommendations for U.S. Elementary-Particle Physics

**1. Recommendation  for Addressing Important Fundamental Physics Problems Below the TeV Mass Scale**
**  **
**--------------------------**
**  ****The committee recommends strong support for a well-targeted program to study fundamental particle physics that can best be explored with experiments below the TeV scale.**

##   Kaon Measurements

**BNLE926, “KAMI”**

**“****CKM”**

- B Physics
- Colliders?

_**  **__**B   Measurements**_

##   B Physics CP Violation

**CESR/CLEO  **
**superb B decay program**
**CP violation difficult****  **
**Tevatron (2 fb -1)**
**sin 2********         ********sin 2********< 0.08**
**B****s   ****Mixing,    ****x****s   ****   -> 60**
**CP Violation in B****s********B****s**** ******** J/******** ******
**sin 2******** , sin 2********  might be feasible**
**Rare Decays**
**High Mass States Accessible! (B****c****, ********b****)**
**New Asymmetric B Factories**** **
**PEPII/BaBar, KEK/BELLE**
**Time dependent assymetries **
** ****Measure the Angles**
**B0 -> J/******** K0s --> sin 2******
******sin 2********< 0.08   (30 fb^-1)**
**B --> ************  -->  sin 2******** **
**New Dedicated Hadron Collider Experiments**

## PEPII & BaBar

**Also Belle at KEK, Japan**

## Future Dedicated Hadron B Experiments

_**Future Dedicated Hadron B Experiments**_

_**One Arm at the LHC**_

_**Two Arm at the Tevatron**_

## Neutrinos,    K2K 

- Obtain  firm evidence for oscillations:
- Measure  of oscillation parameters,
- Determine   the oscillation mode(s)

_**CERN to Gran Sasso?**_

_**& NUMI/MINOS**__** **_

_**& BooNE**_

_**SNO !!**_

## Conclusions

**  ****The recommendations, if accepted, should maintain U.S. leadership in the field of elementary-particle physics well into the next century. They will allow our scientists to participate in what are likely to be profound and exciting discoveries, discoveries of a nature not seen before. **