# Presentation: 483899

## Overview 

- Data Needs and Data Sources
- Chemical Data
- R. Bradley Pierce, NASA LaRC

**Workshop on Chemical Data Assimilation and Data Needs for Air Quality Forecasting**
- Holiday Inn-Silver Spring
- Silver Spring, MD
- June 20-22, 2005

## Outline

- Data Needs:
- Transported species in typical AQ model
- Data Sources:
- Surface: EPA AIRNow
- Profile: Ozonesonde, MOZAIC
- 	Satellite:Current (Aura), Future (NPOESS)

## Typical List of Transported Species 

- Ox=O(1D)+O(3P)+O3+NO2+HNO3+2(NO3)+3(N2O5)+HNO4
- NOy=N+NO+NO2+NO3+2(N2O5)+HNO3+HNO4+ClNO3
- Climatological Species:
**ClONO2, N2O, CH4**

**16) C2H6 (ethane, 2C)**
**17) ALD2 (acetaldehyde+higher group, 2C)**
**18) ETHOOH (ethyl hydrogen peroxide, 2C)**
**19) PAN (2C)**
**20) PAR (paraffin carbon bond group, 1C)**
**21) ONIT (organic nitrate group, 1C)**
**22) AONE (acetone, 3C)**
**23) ROOH (C3+hydrogen peroxides group, 1C)**
**24) MGLY (methylglyoxal, 3C)**
**25) ETH (ethene, 2C)**
**26) XOLET (terminal olefin carbon group, 2C)**
**27) XOLEI (internal olefin carbon group, 2C)**
**28) XISOP (isoprene, 5C)**
**29) XISOPRD (isoprene oxidation product-long lived, 5C)**
**30) PROP_PAR (propane paraffin, 1C)**
**31) CH3OH (methanol)**
**32) XMVK (methyl vinyl ketone, 4C)**
**33) XMACR (methacrolein, 4C)**
**34) XMPAN (peroxymethacryloyl nitrate, 4C)**

**Typical List of Transported Species **
**(Reduced stratosphere, extended CB4 tropospheric chemistry*)**

- Ox-HOx-NOx+CH4+CO oxidation

- NMHC Chemistry

- = Observed in Stratosphere

- *Based on reduced version of RAQMS unified Strat/trop Chemical mechanism

## CONUS surface Ozone measurements 

- NAMS+
- SLAMS~
- AIRNow
- Available
- in NRT

## CONUS surface NO2 measurements 

- NAMS+
- SLAMS
- network
- for regulatory
- Purposes
- Not NRT

## CONUS surface CO measurements 

- NAMS+
- SLAMS
- network
- for regulatory
- Purposes
- Not NRT

## Enhanced surface measurement sites 

- Enhanced surface measurement sites

## AIRMAP sites 

- AIRMAP sites

- http://airmap.unh.edu/

## Profile: IONS ozonesonde sites 

- Profile: IONS ozonesonde sites

- Anne Thompson (PI)** **http://croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/intex/

- The INTEX Ozonesonde Network Study (IONS) consists of a coordinated network of ozonesondes that operated daily during July-August 15, 2004

## Profile: MOZAIC airborne measurements

- http://www.aero.obs-mip.fr/mozaic/

- MOZAIC I (*O3* and *H2O*) 1993 – 1996
- MOZAIC II (O3, H2O, developing NOY, *CO* instr.) 1996-1999
- MOZAIC III (O3, H2O, NOY, CO) – 1999-present.

## Median ozone profiles July 1- August 15, 2004

- From Anne Thompson (IONS PI) & Bob Chatfield (INTEX MOZAIC PI)** **
- April, 2005 INTEX-NA Data Workshop

- (IONS plus MOZAIC)

## Satellite Atmospheric Chemistry Measurements

**Col= total atmospheric column from surface to space**
**Nadir is a column measurement that can distinguish some vertical layers**
**Limb scans down through the atmosphere with good vertical resolution to the tropopause. **

**Notes:**
Present the list of favorite ATMOSPHERIC chemicals. 
Draw attention to the “limb” only measurements at the far right, and COVER as not useful for the troposphere (wrong time and horizontal spatial scales for tropospheric questions).  Limb is useful for troposphere when combined with nadir for determining ‘tropospheric residuals” in lieu of being able to measure all the way down to the surface.
Remaining measurements are all launched by 2003, nothing better in the pipeline.  Remaining measurements are explained further on the next chart.

## TOMS/SBUV Seasonal Tropospheric 

- TOMS/SBUV Seasonal Tropospheric
- O3 Variation

- *From Fishman et al., 2003

- Seasonal mean tropospheric ozone columns obtained by
- subtracting empirically corrected SBUV stratospheric column ozone from TOMS total column ozone*

## MOPITT Seasonal 850mb CO Variation 

- MOPITT Seasonal 850mb CO Variation

- Image Credit: Cathy Clerbaux, NCAR

## MOPITT CO Measurement Validation*

- *Louisa Emmons,
- April, 2005
- INTEX-NA Data Workshop, Insitu data from G. Sachse

## GOME Tropospheric NO2 Column

- The GOME Tropospheric NO2 product uses the Pacific sector as a clean background value. The difference between the actual measurement and the reference sector interpreted as tropospheric excess.

## GOME NO2 column vs EPA AIRNOW

- (June-August, 1997)

- Generally poor correlation is due to large GOME footprint

- GOME Tropospheric NO2 retrieval from R. Martin

## SCIAMACHY Tropospheric NO2 Column

- SCIAMACHY NO2 contact: Andreas Richter, Univ of Bremin Germany

- The SCIAMACHY Tropospheric NO2 product has much higher horizontal resolution than GOME.

- Each scan covers an area on the ground of up to 960 km across track with a resolution of 26x15 km

## Slide 19

## EOS Aura Atmospheric Chemistry

- High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS:USA/UK)
- Measures IR limb emission of stratospheric and upper tropospheric trace gases and aerosols
- Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS:USA)
- Measures microwave limb emission of ozone destroying chemicals and upper tropospheric trace gases
- Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES: USA)
- Down looking and limb looking measurements of air pollution
- Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI: Netherlands/Finland)
- Measures column ozone and aerosols - continues global ozone record of TOMS

**MLS**

**TES nadir**

**OMI**

**HIRDLS**

**Direction of motion**

**TES limb**

## OMI

**OMI**

** ****Ozone Monitoring Instrument**
**Nadir solar backscatter spectrometer**
**270-500 nm**
**13x24 km footprint**
**Swath width 2600 km **
**Radicals: Column O3, NO2, BrO, OClO, **
**	****O3 profile ~ 5 km resolution, HCHO**
**Tracers: Column SO2**
**Aerosols (smoke, dust and sulfates)**
**Cloud top press., cloud coverage**
**Surface UVB**
**Tropospheric ozone residual **
**	****	****(when combined with MLS or HIRDLS)**

## EP TOMS vs OMI Total Ozone Column*

- NASA Polar Aura Validation Experiment (PAVE)

- *From Mark Schoeberl (Aura Project Scientist) April, 2005 INTEX-NA Data Workshop

## OMI Total NO2 Column* NASA Polar Aura Validation Experiment (PAVE)

- *From Mark Schoeberl (Aura Project Scientist) April, 2005 INTEX-NA Data Workshop

## OMI Total HCHO Column* NASA Polar Aura Validation Experiment (PAVE)

- *From Mark Schoeberl (Aura Project Scientist) April, 2005 INTEX-NA Data Workshop

## Operational Atmospheric 

- Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS)
- _Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)_
- _Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)_
- Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)

- Operational Atmospheric
- Composition measurements: NPOESS

- The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) will converge existing polar-orbiting satellite systems under a single national program.

## Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)

- ozone products
- High performance Total Column environmental data records (EDR)
- Heritage TOMS V7 Total Column EDRs
- High performance Ozone Profile EDRs
- Heritage SBUV V6 Nadir Profile data records
- IR Total Column data records from Cross-track Infra-red Sounder (CRIS) radiances

- The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) will continue the daily global data produced by the current ozone monitoring systems (SBUV, TOMS). OMPS has the potential to provide other data, including anthropogenic trace gases.

## Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)

**Specifications**
- Temperature profile: 18.5 km at nadir
- Moisture profile: 15 km at nadir
- Pressure profile: 55 km at nadir
- 1 Kelvin / 1 km layers

## AIRS 500mb CO/MODIS AOD, July 18, 2004