# Presentation: 948332

## Mandatory Emergency Announcement for Pollard Auditorium

**In the unlikely event of an emergency requiring us to evacuate this facility, those of you sitting in the front of the auditorium should exit immediately via the doors on the left and right sides of the stage (*****point*****).  Those of you in the back should evacuate via the doors in the rear of the auditorium.  Those going to the right (*****point*****) should exit the through the glass lobby doors to the right (the doors through which you probably entered).  Those of you exiting to the left (*****point*****) should continue down the broad glass enclosed corridor to your left, past the restrooms and water fountain, and leave the building via the lobby doors on the right. Should one or more of these exit ways be blocked (by smoke or fire) please leave via the nearest alternate exit.**
**Restrooms are located off the corridor to the left of the lobby, on the right wall (pointing in that direction)**
**Water fountains are located between the restrooms.**
**Vending machines are located at the end of the hall that parallels the auditorium wall on your right (pointing in that direction).**
**A message board will be located in the lobby so check for messages during breaks.**

## Purpose and Goals

- Timothy R. Armstrong
**Hydrogen, Fuel Cell, and Infrastructure Manager**

**G-00 12/11/01**

- ORNL Hydrogen Storage Workshop
- May 7, 2003

- www.ornl.gov/EERE

## Hydrogen Energy Use Today

- Hydrogen is used as a commodity chemical in diverse applications
-   food processing
-   metals
-   refining
-   ammonia/fertilizer
-   methanol
-   electronics

- Hydrogen is not currently used in buildings for CHP applications

- Hydrogen is used in the transportation sector directly
-   space shuttle
-   demo H2 ICE and fuel cell vehicles
- and indirectly
-   in refined products
-   as blended fuel (CNG+H2)

## Worldwide Hydrogen Production

- Worldwide Production is about 40 Million TPY*
- Captive -- 37.5 Million TPY
- Ammonia, Methanol, Chemicals & Refineries
- Merchant  -- 2.5 Million TPY
- Major Producers - Air Liquide, Air Products, BOC, Praxair
- Refining, Chemicals, Metals, Electronics
- Major sources
- Natural gas reforming (over 80%)
- Purification of Chemical By-Product (~20%)

- *Source: 2001 Chemical Economics Handbook - SRI International

## Future Hydrogen Demand will Dwarf Current Capacity

- 2015, Worldwide fuel cell vehicle market projection:
- Transit buses 130 to 150k buses*
- Light duty vehicles 17 to 80 million vehicles*
- Hydrogen Usage
- 20-90 million tons per year
- Current Worldwide Merchant Capacity
- 2.5 million tons per year
- *Sources:	UBS Warburg Global Equity Research, Ballard June 2000
- 		D. Hart - Imperial College, UK, Hydrogen Supply for SPFC Vehicles 2000

## Research focusing on hydrogen as an energy choice is a new focal point with R&D budget   requests spanning several DOE programs

**President Bush’s January 29, 2003 State of the Union Address specifically called out for research directed towards energy security by developing hydrogen-powered fuel cell systems **
**Ground work for this announcement was laid at the April 2002 National Hydrogen Energy Roadmap Workshop  **

***The Hydrogen Vision:****  Hydrogen is America’s clean energy choice.  Hydrogen is flexible, affordable, safe, domestically produced, and used in all sectors of the economy and in all regions of the country*

## Proposed Program

**President Bush’s budget proposes **$1.7 billion** over the next five years for hydrogen and fuel cell vehicle research, development, and demonstration**
**DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy**
**The Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and Infrastructure Program**
- $1.2 billion
- $720 million in new funding over the next five years

## ORNL is has ongoing research in H2 storage technologies

- ORNL is has ongoing research in H2 storage technologies

- T-43  07-25-02

- Atom-size
- holes

**Notes:**
BAAs constitute a new class of materials containing atom-size defects for H2 storage.
We are concentrating on the development of new-generation materials based on BAAs with hydrogen storage capabilities that meet the target hydrogen storage capacity of 6 wtT.  Considerable effort will be devoted to the development of economical hydrogen storage materials based on Fe and Ni BAAs.
Tailoring carbon for H2 storage (with high microporosity and optimized pore access), may have high payback in simplicity and cost.
Based on iron and nickel BAAs, NaBH4 releases H2 efficiently by catalyzed hydrolysis.
Characterize complex hydrogen containing compounds using in-situ neutron diffraction studies
 Neutrons are highly penetrating so that large and complex sample environmental chambers for in-situ studies can be used.
 Candidate materials must demonstrate a sufficient hydrogen storage capacity that is reversible on a reasonable time scale.
Operating pressure and temperature ranges and the degradation of the materials after repeated cycling need to be understood.
Neutron characterization will be used to answer structural and thermodynamic issues about the role of hydrogen in materials with hydrogen-storage potential.
Goal = H2 storage at 6 wt%.

## What is the purpose of this workshop?

- Educate
- Raise your level of awareness about storage of hydrogen

- Build
- Use this workshop as a springboard to develop a strong storage development effort at ORNL

- Inspire
- Develop new approaches to addressing the issues surrounding hydrogen storage that lead to proposals and collaborations