# Presentation: 349374

## Commercial Crew & Cargo Program

***Commercial Crew & Cargo Program***

***Marc Timm******Program Executive, Commercial Crew & Cargo Program ******NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate***

***Program Overview***

## National Direction

**National Space Exploration Policy/****Vision for Space Exploration, Jan 2004**
*[The United States will] Promote... *_*commercial participation in exploration*_*... **to further U.S. scientific, security, and economic **interests.*
*[The NASA Administrator will] Pursue *_*commercial opportunities for providing transportation*_* **and other services supporting the International Space **Station and exploration missions beyond low Earth orbit.*
**NASA Authorization Act of 2005**
*The Administrator shall establish a program to develop a sustained human presence on the Moon... *_*to promote exploration, science, commerce*_*...*
*The Administrator... *_*shall develop a commercialization plan*_* to support the human missions to the Moon and Mars, to support low-Earth orbit activities...*
**NASA Administrator Mike Griffin, **American Astronautical Society, Nov. 15, 2005
*If we are to make the expansion and development of the space frontier an **integral part of what it is that societies do, then these activities must, as quickly **as possible, assume an economic dimension as well... To this end, it is up to **us at NASA to use the challenge of the Vision for Space Exploration to *_*foster the commercial opportunities*_* which are inherent to this exciting endeavor.*

## Need
NASA has an immediate and long termobligation to service the International Space Station (ISS)
Status
Vision for Space Exploration to retire Space Shuttle by 2010 results in using remaining flights to complete ISS assembly
Baseline barter and purchase agreements for International Partner space transportation capabilities (Progress, Soyuz, ATV, HTV) are no longer sufficient to meet projected ISS operational needs
There is a shortfall and gap in accommodating ISS resupply needs until CEV becomes available by 2014/2015 timeframe
Solutions
Commercial transportation service is the preferred approach if proven reliable and cost effective 
CEV and foreign purchases of space transportation capabilities are alternatives to meeting service obligations to ISS if commercial services are unavailable

**Need**
- NASA has an immediate and long termobligation to service the International Space Station (ISS)
**Status**
- Vision for Space Exploration to retire Space Shuttle by 2010 results in using remaining flights to complete ISS assembly
- Baseline barter and purchase agreements for International Partner space transportation capabilities (Progress, Soyuz, ATV, HTV) are no longer sufficient to meet projected ISS operational needs
- There is a shortfall and gap in accommodating ISS resupply needs until CEV becomes available by 2014/2015 timeframe
**Solutions**
- Commercial transportation service is the preferred approach if proven reliable and cost effective
- CEV and foreign purchases of space transportation capabilities are alternatives to meeting service obligations to ISS if commercial services are unavailable

***NASA ISS Obligations***

## Program Objectives

**The Commercial Crew & Cargo Program Office (C3PO) has been established at the Johnson Space Center to accomplish the following objectives:**
*Implement U.S. Space Exploration policy with investments to stimulate the commercial space industry*
*Facilitate U.S. private industry demonstration of cargo and crew space transportation capabilities with the goal of achieving reliable, cost effective access to low-Earth orbit*
*Create a market environment in which commercial space transportation services are available to Government and private sector customers*

## Commercial Crew & Cargo Program OfficeJohnson Space Center

- 10 C3PO FTE4 Matrix FTE4/06/07

## Potential ISS Market$300-700M/year

***Potential ISS Market******$300-700M/year***

## Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) Overview

**$500M budgeted in FY06-FY10 as an ****investment**** for the demonstration of commercial orbital transportation capabilities**
**COTS Project executed in two phases:**
- Phase 1: Technical Development/Demonstration by private industry
- Phase 2: Potential Competitive Procurement of Orbital Transportation Services
**Phase 1 award of Space Act Agreements in August 2006**
**Phase 1 SAAs include an *****option***** for crew transportation demonstrations**
- Pending successful cargo demonstrations and additional NASA funding

***COTS Phase 1 is NOT a procurement or contract for products and services – ***
***It is NASA’s catalyst for technology demonstrations where the potential high return on investment outweighs the associated financial risk***

## Innovative Features

**Phase 1 Competition**
- Utilized NASA’s Space Act authority vs. FAR contract
- Emphasized management team skills vs. company past performance
- Business plan and financial criteria similar to private investment models
- Broadly targeted technical goals for the general space transportation market
- Firm requirements/processes where necessary for ISS certification and human safety
- Encouraged private investment to share costs, enable multiple awards, and maximize capability coverage
**Space Act Agreement**
- Companies retain maximum rights to intellectual and personal property allowed by law
- FAA licensing and cross-waiver liability provisions
- Fixed-price performance milestone payments
- Series of incremental milestones based on objective criteria
- Restricted termination provisions

***COTS is a Government-Industry partnership******and represents a new way of doing business with the private sector***

## COTS Participants

**Received 21 proposals from 20 companies across the full spectrum of industry**
**Down selected to 6 companies for final evaluation and negotiations – ****2 selected for portfolio of **_**funded**_** SAAs**
- Andrews Space
- SpaceDev
- SPACEHAB
- Transformational Space Corp. (t/Space)
- Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX)
- Rocketplane-Kistler (RpK)
**Discussions with several companies are ongoing for NASA technical assistance with capability development via **_**nonreimburseable**_** (unfunded) SAAs**
**Currently, unfunded SAAs have been signed with:**
- Transformational Space Corp. (t/Space)
- PlanetSpace

***Funded Space Act Agreement***

***Funded Space Act Agreement***

## Rocketplane Kistler COTS Concept

**K-1 Launch Vehicle**
**Orbital Vehicle**
**Pressurized/Unpressurized Cargo/Crew Modules**
**Proposed Features:**
**Reusable launch and orbital vehicles that return to launch site**
**Modular crew and cargo configurations**
**Capability A/B/C demonstration planned for completion by March 2009**
**NASA Investment:**
- Cargo Demonstration – up to $207 M
- Crew Option – up to $200 M

***Rocketplane Kistler COTS Concept***

## RpK Milestone Highlights

**FY06**
- Program Management Plan/Kickoff ***Completed*
- Financing Round ***Completed*
**FY07**
- System Requirements Review ***Completed*
- Financing Round
- Critical Design Reviews
**FY08**
- Engine Test Firing
- System/Design/Test/Readiness Reviews
- Launch Vehicle Complete/Ship
- Certification of Flight Readiness
**FY09**
- Risk Reduction Orbital Test Flight
- Orbital Demonstration Mission to ISS (internal/pressurized)
- Orbital Demonstration Mission to ISS (external/unpressurized)

## Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) COTS Concept

**Falcon 9 Launch Vehicle**
**Dragon Crew/Cargo Spacecraft **** **
**Proposed Features:**
**Flexible crew and cargo configurations**
**Recoverable launch vehicle and spacecraft**
**ISS cargo delivery & return demonstration planned for completion by September 2009**
**NASA Investment:**
- Cargo Demonstration – up to $278 M
- Crew Option – up to $308 M additional

***Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) ******COTS Concept***

## SpaceX Milestone Highlights

**FY06**
- Program Management Plan/Kickoff ***Completed** *
**FY07**
- System Requirements Reviews***Completed *
- Preliminary Design Review ***Completed*
- Financing Round ***Completed*
- Critical Design Review
**FY08**
- Financing Round
- System/Design/Test/Readiness Reviews
- Orbital Test Flight 1
**FY09**
- Delta System/Design/Test/Readiness Reviews
- Orbital Test Flight 2
- Orbital Demonstration Mission to ISS

## t/Space Concept

**Spacecraft and booster released from 747**

**After strap-on boosters fire, core takes over**

**CXV reaches orbit with second stage attached**

**CXV delivers separately launched cargo module to ISS**

**Crew compartment returns; other parts are expended**

**Parachute landing into water**

**Description:**
**Air launched rocket uses LOX/propane ****and vapor pressure for pressurization**
**Piloted capsule**
**Separately launched cargo module**

## PlanetSpace Concept

**Description:**
**ELV rocket based on legacy V-2 engines**
**USAF FDL-7 based lifting body spacecraft**

## COTS Timeline

- * COTS crew transportation capability is a Phase 1 option and is currently not funded or authorized

**2006****	****2007****	****2008****	****2009****	****2010****	****2011****	****2012****	****2013****	****2014****	****2015+**

**Shuttle Retirement**

**Cargo Dev**

**Crew Dev***

**Cargo Services**

**Crew Services**

**Shuttle ISS Assembly**
- Phase 1 COTS Demo/Development
**COTS Cargo Demo/Dev**
**COTS Crew Demo/Dev**
- Phase 2 COTS ISS Services
**COTS Cargo Services **
**COTS Crew Services**
**ISS Operations**
**CEV/CLV  Development**
**CEV/CLV  Operations**

## COTS Flight Demonstrations

***COTS Flight Demonstrations***

***Cargo Demo Flight 3 to ISS (Sep)***

***Cargo Demo Flight 2 (Jun)***

***Cargo Demo Flight 1 (Sep)***

***Pre Demo Flight 1 Risk Reduction Flight (Nov)***

***Cargo Demo Flight 1 to ISS (Jan)***

***Cargo Demo Flight 2 to ISS (Mar)***

***2008***

***2009***

***2010***

***2011***

***2012***

***Crew Demo Flight 1 (Jun)***

*Funded Milestone*

*Optional Milestone*

***Crew Demo Flight 2 (Dec)***

***Crew Demo ******Flight 3 (Apr)***

***Crew Demo ******Flight (Aug)***

## Summary

**U.S. space policy directs pursuit of commercial opportunities for providing transportation and other services to low Earth orbit and beyond**
**C3PO established to implement policy **
**COTS strategy**
- Phase 1 -- Industry technical development/demonstrations (COTS Demos)
- Phase 2 – Potential procure commercial services for ISS logistics support
**COTS Demonstrations competition completed in 10 months**
**Two industry partners selected for funded Space Act Agreements**
- SpaceX & Rocketplane Kistler
**Unfunded Space Act Agreements are established or in work with other companies**
**COTS budget of $500 M thru 2010, with pay for performance milestone approach**
**Cargo flight demonstrations planned for as early as 2008**
- Crew flight demonstration options possible for 2011-2012 timeframe
**Commercial cargo transportation services potentially available as early as 2010**

***Successful COTS partners may open new space markets and provide reliable, cost effective cargo and crew transportation services ******- a new era for commercial space***