# Presentation: 623270

## Integrated Airport ... A NextGen Testbed 

**Christina Recascino, ERAU****Doug Sweigard, Lockheed Martin TSS****Wade Lester, ERAU**
**February 18, 2009**

- Integrated Airport ... A NextGen Testbed

## Presenters

- Christina Recascino – Vice President for Research, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
- Douglas Sweigard – Senior Program Manager, Aviation Programs, Lockheed Martin Co.
- Wade Lester – Director of NextGen Research, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

## Integrated Airport: The History

- Nearly 800 million passengers fly each year
- On 789,000 flights
- Logging more than 60 billion miles
- On planes who have an average load capacity of 80%

## History

- Problems abound in the air transportation system
- Fewer On-time arrivals
- Mechanical delays
- Weather delays
- Lost luggage
- Near mid-air collisions
- Incursions
- Gate to Gate delays
- Fatal Mishaps

## NextGen

- To modernize the air management system in the United States, the JPDO was created to spearhead the NextGen movement
- In 2005, ERAU and Lockheed Martin began discussions of setting up a University-Private-Public partnership whose mission was to tackle issues related to testing and  implementation of NextGen concepts

## The Integrated Airport was born

- Mission: **Accelerate NextGen **through technology demonstrations that integrate near-term NextGen enhancements
- Embry-Riddle and Lockheed Martin are the lead partners in the Integrated Airport Consortium

- Joined by:
- CSC
- Ensco
- Boeing
- Jeppesen
- Mosaic ATM
- Frequentis
- Sensis
- Harris
- Barco
- NATS UK
- Volpe Research Center

## Overview of Consortium

- Creation of non-binding MOU that all partners sign
- Agree to work on projects related to NextGen – as decided by planning group
- Companies are required to contribute IRAD funds

## Accomplishments

- 2007  Establishment of NextGen Testbed at Daytona Beach International Airport and opening demonstration
- 2008  First technical demonstration creating an AWIM and data sharing across partner systems
- 2008   Received $2 million in federal support through the FAA to support the testbed and engage in NextGen demonstration – Predictive Weather Integrated into the TMA systems using a SWIM platform

## Present and Future

- 2008 Established a contractual agreement with the FAA through Embry-Riddle
- Funding goes to consortium for technology demonstrations that accelerate NextGen concepts, as contracted by the FAA
- Goal is demonstration and evaluation of concepts providing information to the FAA that can lead to implementation

## Future Plans

- March 11, 2009
- Next demonstration focuses on International Flight Data Object Sharing
- 2009 and forward
- Working with the FAA to establish the next sets of demo for 2009 and 2010

## A Complex Challenge

***A Complex Challenge***

- Many Existing or Emerging Solutions

- Many Efforts Underway

***An Integrated Approach is Essential ... But How Do We Get There???***

***Current National ***
***Airspace Systems***

***Emerging New  Systems***

**Notes:**
As you all know, an airport and its surrounding airspace is a very complex entity within the National Airspace System.  It comprises many, often not integrated, systems!   Modernizing the airport in a way that allows stakeholders to work together while optimizing their independent operations is a daunting tasking.
There are already many efforts underway  ...
  Critical planning efforts by FAA and the JPDO
  Research efforts by the FAA, NASA, Mitre, as well as industry partners and
  Numerous technologies are being demonstrated & evaluated at airports around the country!
These are all efforts that must evolve from a baseline of current NAS systems and procedures ...  in a way that makes sense.

A fair question to ask is ... Can we tie these airport systems together to act as a seamless whole in a way that achieves the cumulative benefits of all of the various systems working together?

This requires an integrated approach ... a systems perspective ... but first a quick look at the consequences of systems that are not fully integrated ...

## Limitations of Today’s Systems

***System Limitations Result in Increased Passenger Delays and Airline Costs***

**TFM**

**A/P Landing**

-  Unique, Limited Flight
- Data Interfaces

*** ******Different System Information, Trajectory and Problem view causes uncertainty & inefficiency***
*** ******Limited Interoperability Between ATC system domains and Airport Stakeholders***
*** ******Unpredictable Results Lead to System Delays and Operational Costs***

***Limitations of Today’s Systems***

**Ramp**

**TSA**

**A/P Systems**

**ATC**

**Notes:**
Today’s NAS systems talk using unique interfaces, and in some cases, information is not shared at all.     For example, flight data is currently provided to airport terminal and tower systems using an interface referred to as FDIO, an interface limited only to info provided on a flight strip ... and one that cannot adequately support NextGen trajectory-based applications.  

In the other direction, information available at airports are not made available to traffic flow, en route and airline automation systems ... information that could inform NAS stakeholders of better estimated departure clearance times and of airport constraints that might cause flight delays.

Where flight trajectories exist in automation systems today, they are not synchronized.  For example, the Oceanic, En Route, and TFM  automation systems, the airline flight planning systems and the aircraft FMS all have different trajectories.  Terminal & airport automation systems have no trajectories.

And on the airport, there remain many opportunities to improve information sharing between airport ATC, the ramp, turnaround management, surface activities and airport landside systems.

Looking from a “glass half-full perspective” there is lots of opportunity for improvement ... and NextGen enablers & improvements can get us there!

## FAA’s NextGen Implementation Plan      Makes the Vision Happen

**SWIM Enablers   (****Weather, FDO, trajectory)**

***NextGen Can Deliver Integrated Operational Improvements and  Enablers***
***That Deliver Operational Benefit***

***FAA’s NextGen Implementation Plan ******     Makes the Vision Happen***

**Trajectory-Based Ops**
-  4D Trajectory Management
-  Capacity and Efficiency Using RNP/RNAV
-  Time-Based Metering

**High Density Airports**
-  Initial Surface Traffic Management
-  Integrated Arrival/Departure Management

**Flexible Terminals & Facilities**
-  Full Surface Situation Info
-  Optimized Profile Descent
-  Runway Safety Alerting
-  Tower Data Link Taxi Clearance
-  Wind and Wake Procedures

**Collaborative ATM**
-  Flight Plan Constraint Evaluation
-  On-Demand NAS Information
-  Trajectory Flight Data Management

**Reduce Weather Impact**
-  Trajectory-Based Weather Impact Evaluation

- Terminal Data Distribution

**We must enable**
**broad access **
**to A/P Info!!**

**Ramp**

**TSA**

**A/P Systems**

**ATC**

**Notes:**
The NextGen Implementation Plan defines operational improvements to deliver NextGen benefits to NAS stakeholders ... The key solution sets related to airports & surrounding airspace are High Density Airports & Flexible Terminal ... 
These solution sets include important operational improvements such as common surface situational awareness & initial surface traffic management  ... capabilities expected to improve surface efficiency,   such as reducing taxi queuing & more accurately estimating departure clearance times.
From an overall systems perspective, the airport does not exist as an island, so related Operational improvements in the Trajectory-based Ops, Collaborative Air Traffic Management & Reduce Weather Impact solution sets will also have a positive impact on airport operations.
And let’s not forget key enablers such as System Wide information, ADS-B & Data Communications ... that will facilitate the broad exchange of flight & weather information, provide dependent surveillance data on the airport surface & surrounding airspace, and deliver taxi clearances between ground systems & the aircraft.

Without the NextGen Implementation Plan that integrates all activities related to operational improvements into a single plan, a broad Systems Perspective will be impossible to implement!

## IAI Planning Process 

- Conduct Annual IAI Planning Activity
- Re-examine the IAI  Objectives
- Objectives
- Discuss Each Member’s R&D Goals for the year
- Relative to the IAI Activity
- Goals are evaluated for common threads
- Jointly Develop Plan
- Leverages collective R&D efforts
- Produce Integrated threads that  can be demonstrated
- Ideally  look at 2-5 year activity stream
- Laboratory demos  -> Operational  Evals/Trials  -> Leave Behind Functions
- Artifacts

## Integrated Airport Goals

**Leverage industry investment and capability**

**Long-term**
**vision**

**Build on FAA’s OEP**

**Implement trajectory-based decision-making**

***Integrated Airport Goals***

**Early evaluation leading to operational implementation**

**Phased **
**Evaluation **
**Approach**

**Integrate stakeholders via common information sharing **

**Solve near-term NAS problems**

**NextGen**
**Implementation Plan**

## Collaborative, Trajectory-based Flight Planning

***Recommendation***
**Operational evaluation leading to near-term implementation of oceanic & en route collaborative flight planning**
***Approach***
**  ****Op Evaluation Phases**
**     ****1.  Airline – Oceanic collaboration (A/L files early intent, receives oceanic constraint evaluation)**
**     ****2.  Airline – En Route collaboration (A/L files early intent, receives en route constraint evaluation)**
**     ****3.  Accelerate SWIM to enable Oceanic – En Route  trajectory-based exchange and planning**
**  ****Demonstrations and Operational Evaluation leading to near-term implementation**
**  ****Airline, FAA and International ANSP Stakeholder participation**
***Benefits Goal***
** ****User business-preferred flight profiles (Schedule predictability, fuel savings)**
** ****Ability to react to system constraint changes (Pre-Flight and during flight) ... Maintain Predictability**
** ****Seamless airspace operations ... Enhances flow and reduces delays**
***NextGen Enablers***
** ****Extends FDO ... International FDO interoperability**
** ****Demonstrates SWIM and Trajectory-Based Enabler benefits**
** ****Supports ****user-preferred optimum descent profile planning applications**

## Why Does Anybody Care About Demo?

***FY09 Funding Areas:***
* **TBO*  - Oceanic Tactical Trajectory Mgmt
-  TBO – Trajectory Management Enablers
-  SWIM

***Key OEP OIs: ***
-  Oceanic 4D Trajectory Management **(D1)**
** **Full flight plan constraint evaluation with feedback

***Key JPDO OIs ***
-  OI-0304 Improved Collaborative Oceanic Routing (2013) **(D1 – **first phase**))**
** **OI-0300 Improved Collaborative Pre-Flight Re-Routing (2012) **(D1, D2)**
-  OI-0302 Initial Collaborative In-Flight Re-Routing (2013) **(D1, D2)**

***Related IWP Investments:**** *
-  IN-0004 TBO Multiple Trajectories 09-11:  Multiple FP filed trajectories **(D1)**
-  IN-0005 TBO Oceanic Collaborative ATM 09: Pre-Dep, collaborative, en route evaluator, TAs **(D1)**
-  IN-0073 Infrastructure Engineering for TBO (09) **(D1)**
-  IN-0007 TBO Flight Object and SWIM (09) **(D1)**
** **IN-0052 Network Facilities NextGen Development Environment** (D1, D2, D3)**

***Benefits: ***
-  Initial SWIM-based FDO/trajectory integration (En Route, Oceanic, A/L Flight Planner, Intl ANSP, TFM)
-  User-preferred Pre-Flight Planning (Fuel-Efficiency, predictability) across multiple domains
-  International flight data coordination
-  Consolidate flight plan filing across multiple domains
-  08 lab scenarios and 09/10 Op Evaluations measure airspace customer benefits relative to baselines

**Notes:**
IN-0004 - This investment supports planning for development and conducting real-time evaluations of multiple trajectories for use on operations including: cleared, user preference, Traffic Management Initiative (TMI) assigned, tactical flow assigned, etc. 

IN-0005 - This investment supports: 1) continuation of the oceanic trajectory management 4D pre-departure development begun in FY08; 2) continued enhancement of web-enabled collaborative trajectory planning; 3) analysis of what is required to extend oceanic collaborative trajectory planning capabilities into the Atlantic, West Atlantic Route System (WATRS), and Caribbean operations in preparation for 4D Traffic Management Operations (TMO); 4) CONOPS for oceanic trajectory management 4D En-route Evaluator; 5) analysis for limited delegation of separation authority; 6) extend demonstrations of Atlantic and Pacific Coordinated Tailored Arrival and Tailored Departure trials conducted in 2008. 

IN-0073 - This investment supports the infrastructure engineering for trajectory based operations. In the transition to NextGen, trajectory operations, air traffic management and network-enabled information sharing are interrelated. The ability of multiple system users to obtain aircraft position information is critical and furthers NextGen?s safety, security, and efficiency goals. This set of engineering activities produces the infrastructure and mission support requirements to ensure a robust flow of information. This effort will test and refine the information sharing requirements defined under the System Wide Information Management (SWIM) program. Areas of emphasis include: 1) Trajectory Based Operations (TBO) on the airport surface; 2) Collaborative Air Traffic Management -T (Traffic Flow Management System); 3) Traffic Management Advisor (TMA) to TBO; 4) Trajectory-based Flight Planning; and 5) People in TBO (systems engineering and human factors analysis). 

IN-0007 - This investment activity supports: 1) demonstration of the Flight Object for international use and compatibility; 2) demonstration of its use across automation/decision support tools; 3) development of access and change authority requirements for Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP), customer and security use; 4) development of requirements for common trajectory and multiple trajectory actions and needs. This investment must enable the support of the full exchange of flow management and trajectory planning for both Continental US (CONUS) and Oceanic flight to be ready for operational use by 2015. 

IN-0052 - This investment supports development of the requirements and analysis for building more efficient facilities. 

EN-0034 Trajectory Management Decision Support - Level 1 (2013)
Mid-term toolset for defining localized airspace and flow strategies to match demand to capacity in high-density, constrained environments. Includes automation to support time-based control integrated with separation assurance function in en route airspace. Demand projected from filed flight plans and demand forecasts. Capacity projected from weather forecasts and now casts (convective weather, winds, visibility, etc.), Special Use Airspace (SUA), infrastructure status, planned capacity and flow strategies, etc.

## Demo 1: International FDO Collaboration - Transition Path

***Demo 1: International FDO Collaboration - Transition Path***

**CY08 (Lab Demo)**

**CY09 (Op Eval)**

**CY10 (Early Implementation)**

**CY11+**

***Objectives***
* **Develop International FDO Approach*
* **SWIM-Enabled Lab integration (D1A) *
* **FDO Trajectory Interoperability Stds*
*     **(FDO Study Task)*
* **08 Lab Simulation (MIA – Madrid) *
* **08 Lab Simulation (MCO – NWK****)***

***Aircraft***

***ANSP***

***Airline***

**ERAM SWIM/FDO Integration**

**Flt Planner SWIM/FDO Integration**

**SWIM Infrastructure (Lab)**

***Florida Test Bed***

***KLM/AA/UAL FP (or NWA?)***

**Portugal Ocean SWIM/FDO Integration**

***NY/Oak Flight Data***

**Joint U.S. & Europe Planning **

***Objectives***
* **Oceanic CFP Op Eval (D1B)*
* **Intl FDO Exchange Op Eval *
*       **(D1C live Feed)*
*  **Pre-Dep ER CFP Lab/Op Eval *
*     **(D1D  w/ NY/MCO)*

***NY/Oak/Portugal (Status, FP, Amendments? D1C)***

**DL Coordinated FMS FP**

***MIA/JAX***

**ATOP (real) SWIM-enabled CDM  **

***Florida/LM Labs?***

***Spiral 1***

***Spiral 2***

***D1B***

***Spiral 3***

***     ******EDA/TMA Cross Domain Prototype ***

**SWIM Infrastructure **

***D1E***

***NY/Oak?***

***NY/MIA***

***D2***

- CATM Pre-Flt Re-Route
- (2012 IOC)

- Collaborative Oceanic Routing
- (2013 IOC)

**ATOP SWIM/FDO Integration**

***Portugal***

***Demo D1A***
**Cross Domain **
**FDO / Traj**
**(4****th**** Q 08)**

***Demo D1B***
**Oceanic **
**Constraint Evaluation**
**(1****st**** Q 09)**

***Florida/LM Labs?***

***D1B***

***D1A***

***D1A***

***Demo D1C***
**Intl FDO**
**Exchange**
**(ANSP)**
**(2****nd**** Q 09)**

***D1C***

***D1C***

***D1D***

**ERAM R2 w/SWIM  (Lab proto)**

**TFM CFP w/SWIM (Lab proto)**

***D1D***

***Demo D1D***
**CFPM **
**Op Eval**
**(3****rd**** Q 09)**

**ERAM (real) R2 SWIM-enabled CDM**

**TFM CFP w/SWIM**

***Demo D1E***
**Cross Domain**
**CDM Op Eval**
**(3****rd**** Q 10)**

***Demo D2***
**EDA/TMA Cross**
**Domain Planning**
**(See Next Demo 2**

***Florida Test Bed***

*Intl ANSP*

*FAA Oceanic*

*FAA En Route*

***D1A***

***Objectives (Deploy)***
* **Pre-Departure Oceanic & ER CFP *
***Objectives (OpEval)***
* **Oceanic CFPM to evaluate maneuvers*
*    **(SWIM-based CDM)*
* **Cross Domain CFP (D1E)*

**Notes:**
Demo 1A - Bring together Oceanic, En Route, A/L and Intl ANSP SWIM FDO/Trajectories ... 
   Setting the stage for trajectory interoperability in these domains 
     (supported by FY08 funded FO task study and Demo funding)

Demo 1B  – Oceanic constraint evaluation, adds FW or other airline system
  for constraint evaluation with shadow mode ATOP via “listening” SWIM ...
  Hopefully and international a/l (KLM, but could be NWA, AA or UAL international flight.
  NWA has stated interest ... due to user preferred flight plans (efficiency)

Demo 1C – International FDO exchange between NY and Portugal systems  ... 
    status, flight amendments, FDO?  Potential for cross domain constraint checking
   via FDO sharing if we can make complimentary changes in both systems

Demo 1D – Collaborative Flight Plan Management (CFPM) en route Op Eval
  from NY to JAX (MCO).  ERAM and TFM

Demo 1E – Cross Domain Collaborative Flight Planning Op Eval 
using a mix of ERAM and ATOP real components, real (oceanic/enroute) SWIM elements
and some prototype SWIM elements.  Potential aircraft planning involvement. 

Demo 2 introduces cross-domain DSTs (EDA and TMA ... see next Demonstration Graphic ... 
they all tie together

## Slide 20

**Notes:**
By doing so, we believe that an integrated systems approach can lead to the signification realization of NextGen Operational Benefits in the Near & Mid term!!

## Embry-Riddle’s NextGen Role 

- Wade Lester
- Program Manager
- 600 South Clyde Morris Blvd
- Daytona Beach, FL 32114
- lesterw@erau.edu
- 386-226-6418

## Title:  Task A – Integration of Weather into TMA and ERAM

**Title:  **Task A – Integration of Weather into TMA and ERAM

**Overview:  **The 2008 demo will show the benefits of providing graphical forecast weather information on ERAM and TMA displays to support the rerouting of aircraft around convective weather.

**Participants: **FAA, Embry-Riddle, Lockheed-Martin, CSC, Ensco, Boeing, Volpe Center

- Status

**Status:  **The demonstration was conducted November 18, 2008.  The final research and analysis is being conducted by ERAU.  The final report will be delivered January 31, 2009

**Funding** – $1.81M

**Latest Activity:  **Conducted the demonstration November 18, 2008.  Finishing up the last of the research with a final report due at the end of January, 2009.

## Title:  Task D – International Flight Data Object Demonstration

**Title:  **Task D – International Flight Data Object Demonstration

**Overview:  **Demonstrate the exchange of Flight Data Objects between international oceanic air traffic control systems. The Flight Data Objects will be passed between the Advanced Technologies and Oceanic Procedures (ATOP) and NAV Portugal’s Sistema Atlântico (SATL) systems.

**Participants: **FAA, Embry-Riddle, Lockheed-Martin

- Status

**Status:  **The demonstration was conducted November 18, 2008.  The final research and analysis is being conducted by ERAU.  The final report will be delivered January 31, 2009

**Funding** – $700K

**Latest Activity:  **PMR/TIM #1 was conducted in January.  The meetings were held at the DBNTB.  Action items are posted on the NextGen Status site.

## Questions?

- Thank you  for attending