# Presentation: 282618

## Outdoor Wood-fired Hydronic Heaters 

**Outdoor Wood-fired Hydronic Heaters **
**Voluntary Program **
**National Air Quality Conference**
**February 11, 2007**

- Larry Brockman
- U.S. EPA - Office of Air Quality
- Planning and Standard

## EPA’s Voluntary Residential Wood Smoke Reduction Initiative

**Major components**
- Great American Woodstove Changeout Campaign (Main focus)
- “Burn Clean” National Education and Outreach Campaign
- Supporting & Developing Standards (voluntary and/or regulatory) for Fireplaces, Woodstoves and _Outdoor Wood-fired Hydronic Heaters_

## Outline

- What’s an OWHH?
- Voluntary Program
- Model Rule

##         How It Works

## Front View of Typical Unit

**Front View of Typical Unit**

## Why Are People All Fired-Up?

**Notes:**
OWB emissions are of much concern, especially when units are located near neighbors and when they are designed and/or operated improperly.

## Slide 7

**Notes:**
We are leading efforts to reduce emissions in a timely manner – both industry efforts to voluntarily improve unit designs and State efforts to regulate as appropriate.

## Slide 8

## Slide 9

## Slide 10

##   PM2.5 Emissions: Efficiency Comparisons

|  | Grams/hour | Pounds/ton wood burned
[pounds/MM BTU] | Efficiency
(%) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Outdoor Wood-fired Boilers (OWB)        | 30-390 | 6-60  [0.5-5] | ~30-55 |
| Old Wood Stoves | 25-50 or more | ~90-150
         [7.5-12.5]              | ~54 |
| NSPS Wood Stoves
40CFR60 Subpart AAA | 7.5 Non-Catalytic
4.1 Catalytic | ~30   [2.5]
~16   [1.4] | ~67 |
| Pellet Stoves | ~1 | 4.2    [0.3] | ~70-80 |
| Fireplaces |  | 34.6  [2.8] | ~10 |
| Oil-fired Furnaces |  | NA    [0.012] | ~90 |
| Natural Gas Furnaces |  | NA    [0.0075] | ~90 |

## Estimated National Emissions

| SOURCES | TPY of PM 2.5 (direct) |
| --- | --- |
| Woodstoves and Fireplaces | 420,000 |
| Non-road Diesel | 174,000 |
| Residential Open Burning | 165,000 |
| Highway Diesel | 124,000 |
| OWB | 1,450-37,000
NESCAUM: perhaps 250,000 |

- Source:  NEI for All Categories Except OWB

## Petition to Administrator (8/11/05)

- 6 northeastern States plus Michigan & NESCAUM
- Revise woodstove NSPS or new NSPS
- Federal regulation needed: avoid patchwork
- Other state, local agencies, and citizens  expressed interest

## Our 2-Part Stakeholder Strategy

- Part 1 – EPA OWHH Voluntary Program
- Part 2 – Model Rule (MR) for States

**Notes:**
Parts 1 and 2 are in parallel and complementary. 
We kicked-off Stakeholder Process on 6/15/06.
We have had numerous meetings, calls, and sharing of information and are nearing completion of the process:
Stakeholder Meetings: 11/16/06 & 11/29/06
Roll-out: 1/22/07
Voluntary implementation to result in cleaner models by 4/07.

## Part 1: Voluntary Program

- Goal: Reduced emissions from new OWHH sooner than Model or Federal Rule
- Phase 1: new, cleaner models by 4/2007
- Phase 2: even more stringent, date TBD

**Notes:**
Developed via Stakeholder Process based on mutual needs of EPA, Manufacturers & States

Incentive-Based
4/2007- start of sales for the next heating season

## Text “label” for New OWHH

-    “Test results from XX independent accredited laboratory indicate that this model meets the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2007 (Phase 1) voluntary program emissions level for outdoor wood-fired hydronic heaters (OWHH) when tested in accordance with EPA Method 28 OWHH.  To minimize smoke, always operate OWHH in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions found in the owner’s manual.  Additional information about EPA’s voluntary program is available at www.epa.gov/woodboilers.”

## Voluntary Program Components  

- MOU
- Permanent text on qualifying models
- Hang tag
- Table top display
- Owner’s Manual text
- EPA website

**Notes:**
MOU between EPA and manufacturer to bring cleaner units to market by 4/2007

Owner’s Manual text-- proper operation and maintenance

EPA website--list of cleaner OWHH

## Benefits of Voluntary OWHH Program

- Manufacturers redesign and market cleaner OWHH much sooner than with Federal rules
- starting 4/2007
- ~70% less emissions
- Meets immediate needs of States and manufacturers

**Notes:**
Note: Effective Federal rules would have to wait for improved technology to be demonstrated. If EPA developed a Federal rule, the earliest compliance date would likely be 2012. 

## NESCAUM Model Rule Components

- New OWH – Phase1
- Emission limit [Phase 1: 0.44 #/mmBTU heat input]
- Set-back from property lines [>300 feet]
- Stack height [>5 feet above structures within 150 feet]
- Proper operation and maintenance, label, notice to buyers
- Existing OWH options
- Shutdown by x date
- Replace or shutdown prior to sale or transfer of real property
- Setback of 500 feet & Stack height >5 ft above structures within 150 feet by Y
- Phase 2 Emission Limit of 0.32#/mmBTU heat output
- Based on AQ modeling to meet the NAAQS
- For units that meet the Phase 2 emission limit, the set-back and stack height requirements are dropped

**Notes:**
Phase 1: Compliance as early as 4/2008 for 1st State, others later
Technology-based
0.44 # of PM per mmBTU heat input
~80% reduction

Phase 2: Compliance as early as 4/2010 for 1st State, others later
Health-based
~0.32 # of PM per mmBTU heat output
>90% reduction

## Expected Reductions

- Voluntary Program Phase 1 Units by 4/2007
-  0.60 #/mmBTU heat input
-  ~70% reduction
- Model Rule Phase 1 as soon as 4/2008
-  0.44 #/mmBTU heat input
-  ~80% reduction
- Model Rule Phase 2 as soon as 4/2010
- ~0.32 #/mmBTU heat output
- >90% reduction

## Roll-out & Next Steps 

- Roll-out 1/29/07:
- EPA news brief
- EPA website with information for public
- MOU packets for partnering manufacturers:
- Complete infrastructure for manufacturers to deliver cleaner OWHH to market by 4/07

**Notes:**
MOU packets for partnering manufacturers:
Qualifying process
Test Guideline
Guidelines for Use of Label, Hangtag, and Outreach Materials

Use of EPA method for “certification”

Validation of method to occur in February

3rd party testing with QA/QC audits

Potential verification of 3rd party testing via Environmental Technology Verification Center

## Outdoor Wood-Fired Hydronic Heaters

-  _aka_ “Outdoor Wood Boilers”
- Contact: Gil Wood
- _[Wood.gil@epa.gov](mailto:Wood.gil@epa.gov)_
- 919-541-5272