# Presentation: 512595

## Delivering Student Financial Aid in Non traditional Programs

**U.S. Department of Education**

**Delivering Student Financial Aid in Non traditional Programs**

## Background

**Background**

_**Roots of Student Aid Program in the 60’s -  **_
**  ****Aid requirements were structured around **
**   ****traditional concepts.**
**  ****Most aid was tracked on 3x5 cards or maybe **
**   ****keypunched.**
**  ****Laws and regulations that governed the Title IV **
**   ****programs were very minimal .**
**  **

## Background

**Background**

**  ****Almost all schools were traditional and **
**    ****based on standard terms.**
**  ****Any sort of non-traditional programs were **
**    ****housed in the continuing education or extension**
**    ****services departments and most of those **
**    ****programs were not offered for credit.**

## Background

**Background**

_**1992 HEA Fraud and Abuse Amendments**_**  **
**  ****Non-traditional education including distance **
**    ****education **
**  ****Quality**
**  ****Program length**
**  ****Accrediting agency recognition**

## Background

**Background**

_**Emerging Patterns of Non-Traditional Education **_** **
**  ****Overlapping terms.**
**  ****Courses that begin in one term and end in**
**   ****another term.**
**  ****Self-paced learning.  These courses are **
**   ****frequently offered via correspondence, **
**   ****Internet, or independent study.**

## Background

**Background**

_**Emerging Patterns of Non-Traditional Education**_
**   ****Short term and sequential course enrollment**
**   **
**    ****Courses are now often offered in modules **
**    ****(usually 1 - 8 weeks in length.)  Programs are **
**    ****designed such that these modules -**
**    ****Compose an entire program; or **
** **
**    ****Are offered in conjunction with **
**        ****other full-term length courses.**

## Background

_**Emerging Patterns of Non-Traditional Education**_
_**  **_
**  ****Multiple start dates**
**    **
**   ****To provide students with maximum flexibility**
**   ****courses are often scheduled to begin as **
**   ****frequently as once a month.  **
**   ****This is particularly prevalent in courses and**
**   ****programs offered via distance education and **
**   ****courses offered at temporary locations.**

## Background

**Background**

_**Emerging Patterns of Non-Traditional Education**_
_**  **_
**  ****Programs offered via a combination of **
**   ****on campus and distance education courses.**
** **
**   ****These programs are particularly prevalent **
**   ****in 2 plus 2 programs and programs offered **
**   ****jointly by state systems.**
**  ****Weekend degree programs.**

## Background

**Background**

_**Emerging Patterns of Non-Traditional Education**_
_**  **_
**  ****New possibilities for home/host school **
**   ****enrollments (consortium and contractual**
**   ****arrangements.)**
**   **
**   ****These new possibilities are particularly **
**   ****prevalent in -**
**  ****2 plus 2 programs;  **
**  ****university centers; and **
**  ****distance education**

## Background

_**Problems with Campus Computer Systems**_** **
** **
**  ****Separate computer systems for “on campus” and  **
**    ****continuing education departments.**
**    **
**  ****Computer systems structured around standard **
**    ****terms. **
**  ****Computer systems are not flexible - and are not**
**    ****easy to customize to accommodate new formats.**
**  ****Computer systems are organized to meet school**
**    ****not student needs.**

## Term or Non-Term?

**Non-Traditional Education**

**Term or Non-Term?**

## Term or Non-Term?

**Term or Non-Term?**

**Some questions to help you determine -**
** ****Do classes start and stop on the same dates?**
**  ****Is the coursework taken concurrently or **
**   ****sequentially?**
**  ****Does the coursework overlap from one **
**   ****traditionally defined term into another?**

## Term or Non-Term?

_**Term Characteristics**_
**  ****A term is segment of an academic calendar.   In a **
**   ****term-based program an academic calendar is  **
**   ****divided into at least 2 segments .**
**  ****A term is a discrete period of time during which **
**   ****all courses are scheduled to begin and end.**
**  ****A series of mini courses or courses offered **
**   ****sequentially can be combined into a term.**

## Term or Non-Term?

**Term or Non-Term?**

_**Standard Term Characteristics**_
**  ****A standard term is a quarter, trimester, or **
**    ****semester.**
**  ****Progress is always measured in semester or **
**    ****quarter credit hours.**

## Term or Non-Term?

_**Standard Term Characteristics**_
**    **_**Semester**__** **__**and Trimester Terms**_
**  ****Approximately 15 weeks long.**
**  ****Full-time is at least 12 semester-credit hours.**
**  ****Academic calendar is 3 terms - fall, spring and  **
**    ****often summer.**
** **
**  ****Progress is measured in semester-credit hours.**

## Term or Non-Term?

_**Standard Term Characteristics**_
**    **_**Quarter terms**_
**Approximately 10 -12 weeks long.**
**Full-time is at least 12 quarter-credit hours.**
**Academic calendar is 3 quarters in fall, winter and spring and often a summer quarter.**
**Progress is measured in quarter-credit hours.**

## Term or Non-Term?

**Term or Non-Term?**

_**Non-Standard Term Characteristics**_
**While all coursework is expected to begin and end within a discrete period of time, that period of time may not be a semester, trimester, or quarter.**
** **
**Terms  may be of unequal lengths.  **

## Term or Non-Term?

**Term or Non-Term?**

_**Non-Standard Term Characteristics**_
**Terms that are the length of a quarter but where**
**    ****progress is measured in semester-credit hours or**
**    ****the terms are the length of a semester but where **
**    ****progress is measured in quarter-credit hours.**

## Term or Non-Term?

**Term or Non-Term?**

_**Non-Term Characteristics **_
**  ****Courses may not all begin and end within a**
**    ****discrete period of time.**
**  ****Courses may overlap from one term to another.**
**  ****Clock hours are always treated as non-term **
**    ****programs for disbursement purposes.  **
**  **

## Term or Non-Term?

**Term or Non-Term?**

_**Non-Term Characteristics  **_
**  ****Programs that contain self-paced or independent **
**    ****study courses that can span past a term.**
**  ****Programs that consist of courses that are offered**
**    ****sequentially - when a group of these courses do **
**    ****not have to begin and end within a term.**

## Term or Non-Term?

**Term or Non-Term?**

_**Pell Grant Formulas**_
_**1**_**  Standard term, credit hour, fall through spring **
**    ****terms contain at least 30 weeks of instructional time.**
_**2**_**  Standard term, credit hour, fall through spring **
**    ****terms contain less than 30 weeks of instructional **
**    ****time.**
_**3**_**  Non-standard term credit hour.**
_**4**_**  Non-term, credit hour and clock hour.**
_**5**_**  Correspondence programs.**

## Term or Non-Term?

**Term or Non-Term?**

_**Issues for Standard, Non-Standard and**_
_**Non-Terms**_
**Definition of a 30 Week Academic Year - how many days per week of instructional time is required**
**Payment Period **
**Determining Enrollment Status**
**Certifying and Disbursing Loans **
**Which Pell Formula to use**
**How is Progress Measured**

## Standard Terms

**Non-Traditional Education**

**Standard Terms**

## Standard Terms

**Standard Terms**

_**Academic year**_** **
**  ****30 weeks of  instructional time.**
**  ****Week =   7 consecutive days.**
**  ****A week of instructional time is a week in which at**
**    ****least one day of regularly scheduled instruction,**
**    ****examinations, or preparation for examinations**
**    ****occurs.   Instructional time does not include **
**    ****periods of orientation, counseling, vacation,**
**    ****or other activity not related to class **
**    ****preparation or examination.**
**   **

## Standard Terms

**Standard Terms**

_**Payment Period **_
**  ****The payment period is the quarter, trimester, or **
**    ****semester as applicable.**

## Standard Terms

**Standard Terms**

_**Determining Enrollment Status**_
_**To be**__**	**__**considered**__**	**__**	**__**A student must take at least**_
**Full-time -                       12 credits hours per term**
**Three-quarter time -      9 credit hours per term**
**Half-time -                       6 credit hours per term**
**Less than half-time -      Less than half the **
**                                         ****workload of the **
**                                         ****minimum full-time **_                   _
-                                          **requirement**

## Standard Terms

_**Determining Enrollment Status**_
**Keep in mind -  If a student doesn’t begin attendance  in all of his or her classes and this results in a change in the student’s enrollment status then the Pell Grant award must be recalculated. **
_**Pell Formula**_
**  ****Pell formula **_**1**_** is used if the academic calendar **
**   ****contains at least 30 weeks of instructional time.**
**  ****Pell formula **_**2**_** is used if the academic calendar **
**   ****contains less than 30 weeks of instructional time.**

## Standard Terms

**Standard Terms**

_**Certifying  and Disbursing Loans **_
-   **The minimum period of time a loan can be**
**   ****certified is a term.**
**  ****If a loan period is more than one payment period, **
**   ****the school shall deliver loan proceeds at least once **
**   ****in each payment period; and **
**  **

## Standard Terms

**Standard Terms**

**  **
**  ****Unless the school has a cohort or weighted default**
**   ****rate of less than 10 percent for each of the three **
**   ****most recent fiscal years for which data are **
**   ****available,  if a loan period is one payment period, **
**   ****the school shall make at least two deliveries of loan **
**   ****proceeds during that payment period.  The school **
**   ****may not make the second delivery until the  **
**   ****calendar midpoint between the first and last **
**   ****scheduled days of class of the loan period.  **

## Standard Terms

**Standard Terms**

**   **
_**Measuring Progress**_** **
**  ****Progress is measured by the number of credit**
**   ****hours or clock hours attempted.**

## Standard Terms

_**Example**_** - semester-credit program**
**First term the student is enrolled in 12 credits -**
**  ****2 - 3 credit courses that run the duration of the full term &**
**   ****2 - 3 credit courses that each run 5 weeks and begin and **
**    ****end during the term.**
** ****Second term the student is enrolled in 15 credits  -**
**  ****2 - 3 credit courses that run the duration of the full term &**
**   ****3 - 3 credit courses that each run 5 weeks and  **
**    ****begin and end during the term.**
**   **

## Standard Terms

**Standard Terms**

**15 Weeks**

**15 Weeks**

**Fall**

**Spring**

**6 credits**

**6 credits**

**5 Weeks**

**5 Weeks**

**5 Weeks**

**5 Weeks**

**5 Weeks**

**3 Credits**

**3 Credits**

**3 Credits**

**3 Credits**

**3 Credits**

*                          **term 1                                     term 2*

-  **Pell and Loan disbursements at beginning of each term.**
** **_**Keep in mind**_**- that in the first term this student is enrolled in**
**  ****12 credits and thus a full-time student.  If the student **
** ****does not  begin all of the courses for this term, he or  **
**  ****she will no longer be considered full-time.**
**   **

## Non-Standard Terms

**Non-Traditional Education**

**Non-Standard Terms**

## Non-Standard Terms

_**Academic year**_** **
**  ****30 weeks of  instructional time.**
**  ****Week=   7 consecutive days.**
**   ****A week of instructional time is a week in which at **
**    ****least **_**12 hours**_** of regularly scheduled instruction, **
**    ****examinations, or preparation for examinations**
**    ****occurs.   Instructional time does not include **
**    ****periods of orientation, counseling, vacation, or  **
**    ****other activity not related to class preparation or**
**    ****examination.**

## Non-Standard Terms

**Non-Standard Terms**

_**Payment Period **_
**  ****For non-standard terms the payment period is the**
**    ****non-standard term.**
_**Certifying and Disbursing Loans**_
**  ****The minimum period of time a loan can be**
**    ****certified is a term.**
_**Pell Formula **_
**  ****Pell formula 3 is used.  **
** **

## Non-Standard Terms

**Non-Standard Terms**

** ****Unless the school has a cohort or weighted default**
**   ****rate of less than 10 percent for each of the three **
**   ****most recent fiscal years for which data are **
**   ****available,  if a loan period is one payment period, **
**   ****the school shall make at least two deliveries of loan **
**   ****proceeds during that payment period.**
** **

## Non-Standard Terms

**Non-Standard Terms**

** ****If a loan period is more than one payment period,  the school may not deliver a second disbursement  until the latter of -**
**	****The calendar midpoint between the first **
**          ****and last scheduled days of the loan period; **
**          ****or**
**           ****The date that the student has completed **
**           ****half of the academic coursework in  **
**           ****the loan  period.**

## Non-Standard Terms

**Non-Standard Terms**

_**Measuring Progress**_** **
**  ****Progress is measured by the number of credit**
**   ****hours or clock hours successfully attempted.**

## ÷

_**Enrollment Status**_

**Step1**   **Full-time (round up to the next whole number)**
_** **_
** **

**       ****Credit hours in**
**       ****the academic **
**       ****year**

**X**

**Weeks of instructional time **_**in the  term   **_

**      ****Credit hours**
**      ****taken by student **
**      ****in the term**

**÷**

**  ****Credit hours required**
**  ****for full-time status for the **
**  ****term (as determined above)**

**Weeks of instructional time    in program’s definition of      academic year**

**   ****Step 2****  ****Determining enrollment status for the term****   **

## Non-Standard Terms

**Non-Standard Terms**

**Non-Standard Terms**

**     **
**    **

**Example**
**Certificate Program**** **
**   ****8 weeks   -  6 credits **
**  ****10 weeks  -  9 credits **
**   ****9 weeks   -  9 credits  (3 -3 credit courses to be**
**                         ****taken sequentially)**
**  ****10 weeks  -  9 credits  **
**   ****3 weeks   -  3 credits **
**40 week program/ 36 credit hours**

## Non-Standard Terms

**   **

**  **

_**Calculating Enrollment Status for each Payment Period**_
**In this example we have organized this into 5 terms **
**  ****8 week term  - 6 credits    **
** ****10 week term -  9 credits**
**   ****9 week term -  9 credits**
** ****10 week term -  9 credits **
**   ****3 week term -  3 credits**
**The loan is certified for 37 weeks long with 33 semester credit hours. **
**The remainder of the program is  3 weeks long containing 3 semester credit hours.**

## Non-Standard Terms

**8 weeks**

**Start date*******

**Week 8**

**Week 18**

**Week 27**

**Week 37**

**3 cr**

**6 cr**

**9 cr**

**3 cr**

**3 cr**

**9 cr**

**3 cr**

**10 weeks**

**9 weeks**

**10 weeks**

**2nd Loan Disbursement**

**The academic year for this program is defined as 24 semester credits and 30 weeks of instructional time. Loan is certified for 37 weeks containing 33 semester hours.. **
**Pell disbursements each non-standard term.  Second loan disbursement cannot be made until week 21 when half the time & work have been completed. **

## Non-Standard Terms

**   **_**Calculating Enrollment Status for each **_**   **_**Payment Period**_

**    ****24  x   **_**8**_

**              ****30**

-  =

**  ****6.4**
**  ****cr**

**Number of credit hours in the academic year**

**Weeks of instructional time in the payment period**

**Weeks of instructional time in the academic year**

**x**

**Round up to 7 semester credits required **
**for full-time**
**                    **

**    ****24  x  **_**10**_

**   ****30**

** ****=**

**8 cr**

** ****24  x  **_** 9**_

**          ****30**

**=**

**7.2 cr**

**   ****Round up to 8 semester credits required**
**   ****for full-time**

## Non-Standard Terms

**Non-Standard Terms**

**  **

**    ****24  x  **_**10**_

**   ****30**

** ****=**

**8 cr**

** ****24  x   **_**3**_

**          ****30**

**=**

**2.4 cr**

**   ****Round up to 3 semester credits required**
**   ****for full-time**

## Non-Standard Terms

**Non-Standard Terms**

**Example - Pell Calculations**
**Annual  X   Weeks of instructional time     =    Payment for the     Award         **_**in the payment period           **_**         payment period**
**                     ****Weeks of instructional time**
**                     ****in the academic year **
**                     ****(as defined by the school)**
**                                                                         **
**2,813****	****  X                  **_** 8**_**	****                         =     $750.13**
**                                   ****30**
**$3,750****	****  X                  **_**10**_**	****                         =     $1,250**
**	****                       ****30**
_**	**_

## Non-Standard Terms

**Non-Standard Terms**

**                                                                         **
**$3,750   X                   **_** 9**_**	****                         =     $1,125**
**                                   ****30****	**
**$3,750****	****  X                  **_**10**_**	****                         =     $1,125**
**	****                       ****30**
**$3,750   X                   **_**3**_**	****                         =     $375**
**                                   ****30****	**
_**	**_

## Non-Terms

**Non-Traditional Education**

**Non-Terms**

## Non--Terms

**Non--Terms**

_**Academic year**_** **
**  ****30 weeks of  instructional time.**
**  ****Week=   7 consecutive days.**
**  ****For a non-term program using credit **
**    ****hours, a week of instructional time is a week in **
**    ****which at least 12 hours of regularly scheduled **
**    ****instruction, examinations, or preparation for**
**    ****examinations occurs.  **

## Non--Terms

**Non--Terms**

_**Academic year**_** **
**  ****For a clock-hour program a week of instructional **
**   ****time is any week in which at least one day of **
**   ****regularly scheduled instruction, examinations, or**
**   ****preparation for examinations occurs.**
** **
**   ****(Instructional time does not include periods of **
**   ****orientation, counseling, vacation, or other activity **
**   ****not related to class preparation or **
**   ****examination.)**

## Non--Terms

_**Payment Periods for Non-Term Programs**_
**1.  When the student is enrolled in a program that is**
**     ****one academic year or less in length -**
_**First payment period**_** - Period of time in which the student successfully completes the first half of the program.**
_**Second payment period**_** -  Period of time in which the student successfully completes the second half of the program. **

## Non--Terms

**2.  When the student is enrolled in a program that is **
**      ****more than one academic year -**
_**For the first academic year and any subsequent full academic year -**_
_**First payment period**_** - Period of time in which the student successfully completes the first half of the**
**coursework for the academic year.**
_**Second payment period**_** - Period of time in which the student successfully completes the second half of the coursework for the academic year.**

## Non--Terms

**Non--Terms**

_**For the remainder of a program that is more than one-half an academic year but less than a complete academic year -**_
_**First payment period**_** - Period of time in which the student successfully completes the first half of the**
**remaining coursework.**
_**Second payment period**_** - Period of time in which the student successfully completes the second half of the remaining coursework.**

## Non--Terms

**Non--Terms**

_**For the remainder of a program that is not more than half an academic year -**_
**The payment period is the remainder of that program.**

## Non--Terms

**Non--Terms**

_**Calculation of Enrollment Status**_
**Enrollment is always considered to be full-time for **
**    ****Pell calculations.  For the loan and campus-based programs the student’s actual enrollment status would be used.**** **
_**Certifying and Disbursing Loans**_
**For a clock-hour program or a credit-hour program that does not use terms, the minimum period for which a loan may be certified is the lesser of -**
**the academic year,**
**the length of the program , or **
**the remaining portion of the student’s program.**

## Non--Terms

**Non--Terms**

**Unless the school has a cohort or weighted default**
**    ****rate of less than 10 percent for each of the three **
**    ****most recent fiscal years for which data are **
**    ****available, a school is required to deliver loan proceeds in more than one installment if the students loan period is  more than 4 months. **

## Non--Terms

**Non--Terms**

**The school may not deliver a second loan disbursement until the latter of -**
**    ****	****The calendar midpoint between the first and **
**     ****	****last scheduled days of the loan period; or**
**   ****	****	****The date that the student has completed half  ****	****of the academic coursework or clock hours in ****	****the loan period.**

## Non--Terms

**Non--Terms**

_**Pell Formula **_
**  ****Pell formula **_**4**_** is used.**
_**Measuring Progress**_** **
**  ****Progress is measured by the number of credit hours **
**  ****or clock hours successfully completed.**

## Non-term Bachelor’s Degree Completion Program - Self Paced 

**Non--Terms**

_**Non-term Bachelor’s Degree Completion Program - Self Paced**_

**Example 1  - Student completes 12 semester credits in 15  weeks of a 40-week academic year.**
**Week 1****	****	****          ****Week ****    **** Midpoint****	****                                    ****Week 40**
-                                                           **15**
**I_____________________________I________I_________________________________________I**
**Disburse****	****    Disburse   Disburse 2****nd**** **
**1⁄2 of Pell ****	****    2****nd**** 1⁄2 of    1⁄2 of loan **
**and Loan****	****    Pell         **

## Non--Terms

**Non--Terms**

**Example 2 –  Same programs but student does not**
**complete 12 semester credits until week 22.**
**Week 1****	****	****       ****            Mid-****      ****Week 22****	****             ****Week 40**
**                        ****                             ****point**
**I_______________________________________I______I_________________________________I**
**Disburse****	****	****               Disburse 2****nd**** ****	**
**1⁄2 of Pell ****	****	****	**** 1⁄2 of Pell**
**and Loan****	****	****	**** and loan**

## Student Eligibility

**Non-Traditional Education**

**Student Eligibility**

## Student Eligibility

**Student Eligibility**

**  **
**  ****To be eligible for Title IV aid a student must be **
**    ****enrolled or accepted for enrollment in an **
**    ****eligible program.  **
**    ****A student is considered to be meeting this **
**    ****standard if when **_**accepted for enrollment**_** he or**
**    ****she is required to take a specified number of **
**    ****courses and maintain a certain grade point **
**    ****average in order to continue that enrollment.  **
**      **

## Student Eligibility

**Student Eligibility**

**   ****A student is not considered to be meeting this **
**   ****standard if when originally beginning to take **
**   ****coursework his or her **_**eventual enrollment**_** is **
**   ****based on some subsequent activity (i.e. test **
**   ****scores  and/or transcripts being received, etc..)**
** **
**  ****While awards can be based on documented **
**    ****projected plans, they may need to be **
**    ****recalculated when the student’s enrollment is**
**    ****finalized.  **
**  **

## Student Eligibility

**Student Eligibility**

**  ****For Federal Pell Grant awards, if a student does **
**    ****not begin attendance in all of his or her classes **
**    ****and this results in a change of enrollment status,**
**    ****the Federal Pell Grant award must be **
**    ****recalculated.**
**  ****For FFEL and Direct Loans, each time a**
**   ****disbursement is received, school must confirm **
**   ****that the student is eligible (including at least **
**   ****half-time enrollment).**

## Miscellaneous Loan Issues

**Non-Traditional Education**

**Miscellaneous Loan Issues**

## Miscellaneous Loan Issues

**Miscellaneous Loan Issues**

_**Type of Academic Year**_
**  **_**Scheduled Academic Year**_** - Term based credit **
**   ****hour programs may use.**
**  **_**Borrower-based Academic Year**_** - Clock-hour and**
**   ****non-term credit-hour programs must use.  **
**   ****Term-based programs may use.**

## Frequency of Annual Loan Limits 

_**Frequency of Annual Loan Limits **_
**In general, once a student has reached the annual loan limit, he or she cannot receive another loan until he or she begins a new academic year.**

**Miscellaneous Loan Issues**

## Loan Proration

_**Loan Proration**_
**While loans for graduate students are not prorated, if the academic year contains less than 30 weeks of instructional time, a student is not eligible to receive another loan until the student has completed  30 weeks of instructional time.**

**Miscellaneous Loan Issues**

## Withdrawal Issues

**Non-Traditional Education**

**Withdrawal Issues**

## Withdrawal Issues

**Withdrawal Issues**

**  **
**  ****If a recipient of Title IV aid withdraws during a **
**   ****payment period (or a period of enrollment), the **
**   ****school must calculate the amount of Title IV **
**   ****aid the student earned.  Unearned Title IV funds **
**   ****must be returned to the Title IV programs.**
**  ****If mini-sessions combined in a term, the return of**
**   ****Title IV funds must be applied when the **
**   ****student does not complete any coursework.**
**  **

## Withdrawal Issues

**Withdrawal Issues**

**  ****If mini-sessions are not combined into a term, the**
**   ****return of Title IV formula must be applied when**
**   ****the student withdraws from or drops out of all**
**   ****classes in the individual session.**
**  ****If a student who is taking courses sequentially, **
**   ****completes a course and does not enroll in the **
**   ****subsequent course, he or she is considered to have **
**   ****withdrawn.**

**Non-Traditional Education**

**    **
** ****Non-Traditional Education Activities**

## Non-Traditional Education Activities

_**Distance Education Demonstration Program**_
**  ****Clear trend toward distance education**
**  ****Continued concern about possibilities for fraud **
**    ****and abuse**
** **
**  ****Requires strict monitoring**
**  ****Administrative capability criterion**

## Non-Traditional Education Activities

_**Statutory Purposes of Program**_
**  ****Test quality and viability**
**  ****Increase access**
**  ****Help determine**
**  ****Most effective means of delivering **
**      ****Distance Education**
**  ****Statutory and regulatory changes needed**
**  ****Appropriate level of student assistance**

## Non-Traditional Education Activities

_**Some Ideas Participants are Testing**_** -**
**  ****2 plus 2 programs**
**  ****Course sharing**
**  ****Increasing capacity to meet student needs  **
**  ****New methods of enrollment tracking**
**  ****Excluding living expenses from the calculation **
**    ****of cost of attendance**
**  ****Multiple disbursements - just in time delivery**
**  ****Methods of default management**

## Non-Traditional Education Activities

_**Lessons We Are Learning **_**-**
** **
** ****Adapting student aid requirements to distance**
**   ****contexts is extremely difficult.**
**  ****Statutory and regulatory provisions present **
**   ****obstacles to administering aid to distance **
**   ****education students.**
**  ****Systems designs present obstacles to new models **
**   ****of providing aid.**

## Non-Traditional Education Activities

**Non-Traditional Education Activities**

_**More Lessons We are Learning**_** **
**Many of these programs allow students significant flexibility in terms of -**
**  ****When they begin their work and how long it**
**    ****takes them to complete a given unit of work.**
**  ****How many units of work they might wish to **
**    ****undertake in a given period of time.**
**  ****When they wish to take vacations or breaks.**

## Non-Traditional Education Activities

_**More Lessons We are Learning**_**  **
**There is no common understanding of the meaning of the terms we use to distinguish among various kinds of education - **
**  ****Distance Education**
**  ****Independent Study**
**  ****Technologically delivered instruction**
**  ****Correspondence**
**  ****Blurred boundaries**

## Contact Information

**Contact Information**

## Non-Traditional Education 

**Cheryl Leibovitz**
**U.S. Department of Education, SFA **
**(202) 708-9900       Cheryl.Leibovitz@ed.gov**
**Carney McCullough **
**U.S. Department of Education, OPE **
**(202) 502-7639       Carney.McCullough@ed.gov**