# Presentation: 005199

## Instrument design, 

**shielding/background simulations for Hyspec**
**Vinita J. Ghosh**

## Shielding simulations performed using MCNPX. 
     I would like to thank Erik Iverson and Franz Gallmeier for their help.

Instrument design simulations were performed using MCSTAS. 
     I would like to thank Garrett Granroth.

The polarizations simulations were performed using the NISP (neutron instrument simulation package) code developed at LANL. 
     I would like to acknowledge the help of P. A. Seeger and Luke Daemen.

At BNL Kim Mohanty who takes care of all our computers and work stations 

-      I would like to thank Erik Iverson and Franz Gallmeier for their help.
- Instrument design simulations were performed using MCSTAS.
-      I would like to thank Garrett Granroth.
- The polarizations simulations were performed using the NISP (neutron instrument simulation package) code developed at LANL.
-      I would like to acknowledge the help of P. A. Seeger and Luke Daemen.
- At BNL Kim Mohanty who takes care of all our computers and work stations

##         Part I
Shielding simulations – results that influence the instrument design

        Part II         
Comparison of instrument performance (monochromatic flux on sample and energy resolution) inside and outside the target hall.

- Shielding simulations – results that influence the instrument design
-         Part II
- Comparison of instrument performance (monochromatic flux on sample and energy resolution) inside and outside the target hall.

##  Hyspec design goals: 

Largest possible monochromatic flux on small (2cm x 2cm) single crystal samples for moderate energy resolution.

2.  Lowest possible background. In optimizing the details of the instrument design we are simulating both signal and background to ensure that we have the largest possible signal to background ratio.

3.  Ability to do polarization analysis
     Polarization analysis will be performed for Ei ~ 3.6 – 20meV
     Since less than 50% of the neutrons will be used in a given polarization experiment it is important to have the highest possible flux on sample to ensure that we will have reasonable data collection rates.

- Largest possible monochromatic flux on small (2cm x 2cm) single crystal samples for moderate energy resolution.
- 2.  Lowest possible background. In optimizing the details of the instrument design we are simulating both signal and background to ensure that we have the largest possible signal to background ratio.
- 3.  Ability to do polarization analysis
-      Polarization analysis will be performed for Ei ~ 3.6 – 20meV
-      Since less than 50% of the neutrons will be used in a given polarization experiment it is important to have the highest possible flux on sample to ensure that we will have reasonable data collection rates.

##    Goals for Hyspec shielding design.
1.  Meet the biological dose rate criteria for the SNS facility:
     Biological dose rate less than 0.25 mrem/hr.
2.  Keep the background down to 1 neutron/detector/minute.

- 1.  Meet the biological dose rate criteria for the SNS facility:
-      Biological dose rate less than 0.25 mrem/hr.
- 2.  Keep the background down to 1 neutron/detector/minute.

- meV neutrons: flux of 100n/cm2/s will meet the dose rate requirement
- MeV neutrons: only a flux of 1n/cm2/s can be allowed

## E. Iverson’s simulation results for different SNS moderators 

- E. Iverson’s simulation results for different SNS moderators

- BL9  Water moderator
- BL5  Cpl-H2
- BL2  Decoupled H2
- Generic average

##  Shielding Goal #2.

-  Shielding Goal #2.
- Keep background down to 1 neutron per detector per minute.

- Neutrons of low energies can be stopped easily in the drum shield
- Neutrons with energy 1keV or more will not contribute to background.
- High energy neutrons will moderate in the drum shield to produce neutrons that will add to background.
- ‘zhip’ zero hydrogen matrix for B4C?

## T1A chopper

- T1B chopper

- Drum shield

- Beam stop

##   
T0 chopper 
Counter-rotating pair of rotors, rotating at 60Hz
20cm of inconel (or tungsten or steel)
     Its main function is to stop MeV and keV neutrons and the initial gamma burst. Attenuation due to 2 rotors ~10-5 – 10-6

T1A (frame overlap)chopper 
boron-loaded disc chopper at 60Hz
attenuation of 10-3-10-4

T1B (order suppressor) chopper 
Same as T1A
stops eV and some keV neutrons as well as low energy neutrons

T2 (wavelength selector) chopper 
Pair of counter-rotating discs, maimum rotation rate of 300Hz
Coated with gadolinium – an effective absorber of meV neutrons. 

- _T0 chopper_
- Counter-rotating pair of rotors, rotating at 60Hz
- 20cm of inconel (or tungsten or steel)
-      Its main function is to stop MeV and keV neutrons and the initial gamma burst. Attenuation due to 2 rotors ~10-5 – 10-6
- _T1A (frame overlap)chopper_
- boron-loaded disc chopper at 60Hz
- attenuation of 10-3-10-4
- _T1B (order suppressor) chopper_
- Same as T1A
- stops eV and some keV neutrons as well as low energy neutrons
- _T2 (wavelength selector)_ _chopper_
- Pair of counter-rotating discs, maimum rotation rate of 300Hz
- Coated with gadolinium – an effective absorber of meV neutrons.

## Drum shield  simulations

- IR=0.2m   OR=1.0m, height 1.5m, surface area=9m2 =105cm2

## Hyspec shielding inside the target hall

1/R2 estimate for LMM=25m, straight 4cm(w) 12cm(h) guide, no choppers 
Total # of neutrons (all energies) at end of guide         = 2.4x1010 n/s

MCNPX result
Total # of neutrons (all energies) at end of guide = 1.2x1010 n/s 
                                                                              = 7.2x1011neutrons/minute.

If we want 1n/min/detector we need a total attenuation of 10-11 to 10-12 

Attenuation due to T0 chopper ~ 10-5 – 10-6
Attenuation due to drum shield ~ 10-3 – 10-4

For isotropic (nonBragg) scattering by the monochromator 
neutron flux at drum shield face < 1n/cm2/s 

     Since scattering is not isotropic there may be a ‘hot spot’ in the line of sight of the moderator

- 1/R2 estimate for LMM=25m, straight 4cm(w) 12cm(h) guide, no choppers
- Total # of neutrons (all energies) at end of guide         = 2.4x1010 n/s
- MCNPX result
- Total # of neutrons (all energies) at end of guide = 1.2x1010 n/s
-                                                                               = 7.2x1011neutrons/minute.
- If we want 1n/min/detector we need a total attenuation of 10-11 to 10-12
- Attenuation due to T0 chopper ~ 10-5 – 10-6
- Attenuation due to drum shield ~ 10-3 – 10-4
- For isotropic (nonBragg) scattering by the monochromator
- neutron flux at drum shield face < 1n/cm2/s
-      Since scattering is not isotropic there may be a ‘hot spot’ in the line of sight of the moderator

## Shielding outside the target hall

- LMM ~ 35-40m
- Guide options
- 4cm wide straight
- 4cm wide, curved
-        offset at mono. 16cm
- Attenuation due to
- curvature ~10-6
- This will allow us to make the
- Drum shield thinner

## Comparison of instrument performance  (monochromatic flux on sample and energy resolution) inside and outside the target hall.

| Ei(meV) | LMM=25 | LMM=35 | LMM=40 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 3.6 | 2.2% | 2.2% | 2.1% |
| 15 | 4.5% | 4.3% | 4.2% |
| 30 | 6.4% | 6.0% | 5.9% |
| 60 | 9.0% | 8.2% | 8.2% |
| 90 | 10.4% | 10.1% | 9.8% |

- Energy resolution for moderator-monochromator distance LMM=25,35,40m

## Monochromatic flux on sample for some representative energies

| Ei(meV) | LMM=25 | LMM=35 | LMM=40 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 3.6 | 7.2e6 | 5.2e6 | 4.7e6 |
| 15 | 8.0e6 | 5.9e6 | 5.3e6 |
| 30 | 2.9e6 | 2.0e6 | 1.7e6 |
| 60 | 1.1e6 | 8.2e6 | 7.1e6 |
| 90 | 1.1e6 | 10.1e6 | 6.6e5 |

- Monochromatic flux on sample for LMM = 25,35, and 40m

## 1.    Use a tapered guide that converges from 10 to 4 cm in the horizontal plane.
       Does not look promising.
Increase the burst width at the sample 
by slowing rotation rate of wavelength-defining (T2) chopper, or
by increasing the slot width of the T2 chopper.

-        Does not look promising.
- Increase the burst width at the sample
- by slowing rotation rate of wavelength-defining (T2) chopper, or
- by increasing the slot width of the T2 chopper.

- Can we increase signal outside the target hall?

## Energy resolution δE/E ~ 2 δt/t
As the burst width increases the energy resolution deteriorates
Energy resolution can be improved by increasing the sample-detector distance from 4.5 to 6 or 7.5m.

- As the burst width increases the energy resolution deteriorates
- Energy resolution can be improved by increasing the sample-detector distance from 4.5 to 6 or 7.5m.

| LMM(m) | T2 slot width  | Lsd(m) | T2 rotation rate(Hz) | Flux on sample (n/cm2/s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 25 | 4cm | 4.5 | 300 | 8.0e6 |
| 40 | 4cm | 4.5 | 300 | 5.3e6 |
| 40 | 4cm | 6.0 | 240 | 6.5e6 |
| 40  | 4.5cm | 6.0 | 240 | 7.0e6 |
| 40 | 4cm | 7.5 | 180 | 8.7e6 |

- Ei = 15meV

## All results so far were for straight guides
Attenuation of background due to curvature ~10-6
How much loss of signal due to curvature?

- Attenuation of background due to curvature ~10-6
- How much loss of signal due to curvature?

## Comparison of instrument performance inside and 
outside the target hall

- outside the target hall

|  | Inside LMM=25m
Lsd=4.5m | Outside LMM=35-40
Lsd=4.5m | Outside LMM=35-40
Lsd=6.0m |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Signal (15meV) | 8.0e6 | 5.3e6 | 7.0e6 |
| Energy resolution | 4.5% | 4.5% | 4.5% |
| Shielding/background | Difficult with straight guide | Much easier with curved guide | Much easier with curved guide |
| Advantages | Shorter primary guide | Drum shield is simpler  | Drum shield is simpler  |
| Extra Cost |  | Building | Bldg + larger detector bank |

## Future plans

1.    Shielding sims with BL5 source instead of generic source
        Using BNL multinode computer cluster
        Drum shield design

2.     Instrument optimization 
        Guide configuration, coating
        Chopper placement
        Variable monochromator-sample distance

3.     Q resolution

- 1.    Shielding sims with BL5 source instead of generic source
-         Using BNL multinode computer cluster
-         Drum shield design
- 2.     Instrument optimization
-         Guide configuration, coating
-         Chopper placement
-         Variable monochromator-sample distance
- 3.     Q resolution

## 

Questions?

- Questions?