# Presentation: 794027

## Slide 1

## Annual Inspections & Maintenance According to FAR’s

**Notes:**
2
FAR’s has been around for many years and has provided all of us with the regulatory guidance's as we know them today.

FAR’s earlier relative CAR’s,  was the forefather so to speak of the current regulatory guidance's that  we abide by in the performance of our aviation enjoyment and employment.

## Accident Trends and Data

**Accident Trends and Data**

**1994 - 1996 (1007 accidents) Nation Wide**
**302 Attributed to Mechanical Failure**
**187 Resulted in Improper Maintenance or Inspection**

**Notes:**
3
1. OUT OF 1007 AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS 489 OF THEM WERE A RESULT OF MECHANICAL NATURE.

2. ALMOST HALF OF THE NATIONAL AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS CAN BE DIRECTLY TIED TO THE MECHANIC. 

3. MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL HAVE A GREATER RESPONSIBILITY TO AVIATION SAFETY THAN ALMOST ANY ONE PERSON.  PILOTS DEPEND ON OUR PROFESSIONAL SKILLS TO PROVIDE THEM WITH A PRODUCT THAT IS AIRWORTHY AS THE DAY THAT THE AIRCRAFT FIRST ROLLED OFF THE LINE AT THE MANUFACTURE.

4. LIVES ARE AT STAKE EVERY TIME WE TURN A BOLT, SAFETY WIRE, ADJUST, REPLACE, INSPECT,  or  APPROVE FOR RETURN TO SERVICE ANY AIRCRAFT AND OR COMPONENT.

## Minneapolis Flight Standards District

- During **FY 96** there where 42  accidents and 69 incidents
- During **FY 97** there where 31 accidents and 89 incidents

## OBJECTIVE:

- PROVIDE THE AVIATION OWNER / OPERATOR WITH A GOOD PROCESS TO ENSURE:
**SAFETY**
**AIRWORTHINESS & PERFORMANCE STANDARDS**
**REGULATORY COMPLIANCE**

**Notes:**
5

1.  SAFETY THROUGH EDUCATION, ENGINEERING AND ENFORCEMENT.  THE INTENT IS TO PREVENT UNSAFE & UNHEALTHY PRACTICES AND ENVIRONMENTS IN AVIATION MAINTENANCE.
2.  TWO STANDARDS: WE HAVE TO KNOW, AIRWORTHINESS AND       PERFORMANCE STANDARDS.  WHY TWO STANDARDS? BECAUSE FOR AN AIRCRAFT TO BECOME “AIRWORTHY” IT MUST MEET TWO STANDARDS. 
3. THE DEFINITION FOR AIRWORTHY IS “WHEN AN AIRCRAFT MEETS ITS TYPE DESIGN AND IS IN A CONDITION FOR SAFE FLIGHT. (ACT OF 58 AND THE STANDARD AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATE)
  TYPE DESIGN = AIRWORTHINESS STANDARD
  CONDITION FOR  SAFE OPERATION = PERFORMANCE STANDARD
4.  IMPORTANT REGULATORY RULES THAT MUST BE APPLIED AND RULES THAT MUST BE FOLLOWED:
   PUBLIC LAW 103-272 (FEDERAL AVIATION ACT OF 1958)
   AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS (FAR 21,23,25,27,29,31,33,35,36,39)
   PERFORMANCE STANDARDS (FAR 39,43,91,121,135,AND 145)

## REGULATORY RESPONSIBILITY

- FAR 91 SUBPART E (**MAINTENANCE**)
- FAR 43 - MAINTENANCE
**HOW THEY NEED TO INTERACT**

**Notes:**
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1. FAR 91 IS AN OPERATING RULE THAT HAS SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR MAINTENANCE THAT THE OWNER OPERATOR MUST COMPLY WITH.

2. MECHANICS MUST UNDERSTAND THAT YES FAR 91 IS AN OPERATING RULE BUT IT DOES DICTATE TO THE OWNER / OPERATOR WHO HAS THE AUTHORITY TO DO MAINTENANCE, MAKE AIRCRAFT RECORD ENTRIES, APPROVE FOR RETURN TO SERVICE, AND SPECIFIES THE REQUIRED CONTENT OF AIRCRAFT RECORDS AND ENTRIES REQUIRED OF THE OWNER / OPERATOR.
THE MECHANIC IS THE ONLY PERSON THAT CAN PERFORM AND ACCOMPLISH THE REQUIRED TASKS AS SPECIFICALLY STATED. 

## GOAL : “SAFETY” =

**GOAL : “SAFETY” =**

**EDUCATION**
**ENGINEERING**
**ENFORCEMENT**
**PROFESSIONALISM**

**Notes:**
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1. EDUCATION - OPERATING RULES, MAINTENANCE RULES, MAINTENANCE PRACTICES, AND AVIATION SAFETY.

2. ENGINEERING - INVOLVEMENT WITH MANUFACTURING, REPORTING DESIGN PROBLEMS AND / OR IMPROVEMENTS. 

3. ENFORCEMENT - FOCUSING ON THE ISSUE, APPLYING THE LESSONS AND MANUFACTURE RECOMMENDATIONS. OBSERVING THE WARNING SIGNS OF POORLY MANAGED MAINTENANCE AND POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS OPERATIONS OF THE AIRCRAFT.
4. ADHERENCE TO THE FAR’s, ATTENDING RECURRENT TRAINING, INVOLVEMENT IN SAFETY PROGRAMS SUCH AS WING OR AMT. APPLYING THE RESPONSIBILITY TO ENSURE SAFETY.

## WHAT PILOT’S SHOULD EXPECT FROM THEIR  MECHANIC

**Notes:**
8
1. For the next 2 hours we will spend discussing the topics of Part 91 Maintenance Requirements!
2. I promise that you will have a better understanding of the regulatory requirements regarding maintenance for owners / operators. 

## WHO CAN PERFORM MAINTENANCE

- FAR 91.403(b)
- No Person May Perform Maintenance, or Alterations on an Aircraft Other Than What the Regulations Allow Including FAR 43

**Notes:**
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1. WHAT THIS IS SAYING IS THAT ONLY PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION’s (FAR’s) CAN PERFORM MAINTENANCE ON AIRCRAFT.

2. THE PURPOSE OF THIS TRAINING IS TO PROVIDE YOU WITH THE KNOWLEDGE THAT WILL ASSIST YOU IN OPERATING WITH THE SAFEST PRODUCT POSSIBLE.

3. THE OWNER / OPERATOR AND MECHANIC ARE THE SAFETY MANAGERS WHEN IT COMES TO THE PREVENTION OF MAINTENANCE RELATED ACCIDENTS.  IT IS THE MECHANICS RESPONSIBILITY TO PERFORM THE REQUIRED MAINTENANCE TO STANDARD IAW THE APPROVED TECHNICAL DATA BUT IT IS THE OWNER / OPERATORS RESPONSIBILITY TO ENSURE THAT THE MECHANIC IS AWARE OF HOW  THE AIRCRAFT MUST BE MAINTAINED TO INCLUDE THE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS OF PART 91.
4. SAFETY = EDUCATION, ENGINEERING, ENFORCEMENT & PROFESSIONALISM.

## An Airman Issued A Inspection Authorization has the privileges IAW FAR 65.95 to:  

- An Airman Issued A Inspection Authorization has the privileges IAW FAR 65.95 to:

- Inspect and Approve for return to service an aircraft after Major Repairs or Alterations and perform Annual Inspections

**Notes:**
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1. Approve for return to service after a Major Repair or Major Alteration IAW Part 43, if the work was done IAW Technical Data approved by the Administrator

2. Perform an Annual Inspection or perform or supervise a Progressive Inspection according to Part 43.13 and 43.15.

3. This entire presentation is designed to provide you with the facts. presentation. 

## ASK TO SEE HIS MECHANIC CERTIFICATE

**CERTIFICATE?**

**Notes:**
12
1. OWNERS / OPERATORS SHOULD NEVER TAKE FOR GRANTED THAT AN FBO HAS FULL TIME QUALIFIED, (IAW FAR 65), MECHANIC’s ON STAFF. 

2. THE OWNER SHOULD ASK TO SEE THE MECHANIC’S CERTIFICATE’S TO ENSURE THAT THEY POSSES THE RATINGS FOR THE WORK TO BE PERFORMED.

3. IF A MECHANIC REFUSES TO PRESENT YOU WITH THE REQUESTED CERTIFICATES THEN MAYBE YOU SHOULD TAKE THE AIRCRAFT SOMEWHERE ELSE.  REMEMBER, THE OWNER / OPERATOR IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAINTENANCE PERFORMED AND FOR MAINTAINING THE AIRCRAFT IN AN AIRWORTHY CONDITION IAW  PART 91.  

4. FOR ANYONE THAT PLANS TO HIRE A MECHANIC IT ‘S JUST A GOOD BUSINESS PRACTICE TO ACTUALLY SEE THAT CERTIFICATE AND IF YOU HAVE ANY DOUBTS CALL THE LOCAL FAA DISTRICT OFFICE.

## FAR 91

**THE ****OWNER OR OPERATOR**** **_**PRIMARILY**_ _**RESPONSIBLE**_ **FOR MAINTAINING THE AIRCRAFT IN AN AIRWORTHY CONDITION**
**INCLUDING COMPLIANCE WITH PART 39 OF THIS CHAPTER (AD’s)**

**Notes:**
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1. This is where the fun begins.

2. Even though Part 91 is an operator rule it is  also a performance rule and discloses every detail about what the owner / operator must comply with in terms of maintenance and required maintenance entries.
3. As you will notice during the presentation, Part 91 requires a mechanics approval  not only for return to service but  also details the required entries that only a mechanic can enter into the records, and it further states the owner / operator is responsible to ensure that the mechanic performs the required maintenance and makes the required entries.

## Owner/Operator Maintenance and Alteration Responsibilities

- 91.403(b) No person may perform maintenance or alterations on an aircraft other than as prescribed in this subpart and other applicable regulations, _including Part 43_ of this chapter

**Notes:**
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1. INCLUDING PART 43, THIS IS WHERE THE MECHANIC STARTS TO ENTER THE PICTURE BECAUSE FAR 43.3 ALLOWS ONLY A CERTIFICATED MECHANIC, REPAIR STATION, OR AIR OPERATOR TO PERFORM MAINTENANCE AND ALTERATIONS.

2. THE HOLDER OF A PILOT CERTIFICATE ISSUED UNDER PART 61 MAY PERFORM PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE ON ANY AIRCRAFT THAT IS OWNED OR OPERATED BY THAT PILOT.

3. FAR 43 APPENDIX A DESCRIBES WHAT IS PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE.

## Who Approves the Aircraft For Return to Service

- FAR’s **91.405(b), 91.407(a), and 91.409(a)(1)**
_**Maintenance personnel**_ **make appropriate entries and aircraft has been approved for return to service by a person authorized under**** ****Part 43.7****!**

**Notes:**
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1. THE MECHANIC, IA, REPAIR STATION, MANUFACTURE, AIR OPERATOR OR AIR CARRIER. WE ARE NOT SPEAKING ABOUT PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE.

## FAR 91.405

- (a). **Each owner/operator Shall Have the Aircraft Inspected I/A/W PART 91 Subpart E of this Part.**
**MAINTENANCE, PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE & ALTERATION**

**Notes:**
15

1. THE OWNER MUST HAVE AN ANNUAL INSPECTION PERFORMED 
AND HAVE THE DISCREPANCIES REPAIRED.

## (b). Have discrepancies repaired as prescribed in Part 43

**(b)**. Have discrepancies repaired as prescribed in Part 43
**(c)**. **Shall ensure that** **maintenance personnel** **make appropriate entries in the Acft Maintenance Records indicating the aircraft has been approved for return to service**

- 91.405

## 91.405

- (c) Shall Have Inoperative Instruments/Equipment that are permitted to be inoperative, Repaired Replaced Removed or Inspected at the Next Required Inspection.

## 91.405

- (d) When listed discrepancies include inop Instruments or Equipment, **Shall ensure**** ****that a placard has been installed** as required by _Part 43.11_ of this chapter.

**Notes:**
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1. FAR 43.11(b) If the person performing the inspection finds that the aircraft is unairworthy or does not meet the applicable type certificate data, airworthiness directives, or other approved data upon which its airworthiness depends, THAT PERSON MUST give the owner or lessee A SIGNED AND DETAILED LIST of those discrepancies.

2. FAR 43.11(b) For those items permitted to be inoperative under FAR 91.213(d)(2), THAT PERSON SHALL PLACE, a placard that meets The Aircraft's Airworthiness Certification Regulations, on each inoperative instrument and cockpit control of each item of inop equipment, Mark it “INOPERATIVE”, and SHALL Add the items to the Signed and Dated list of discrepancies given to the owner or lessee.

## FAR 91.407(a)(1) and (a)(2) States:

- No person may operate any aircraft that has under gone maintenance or alteration unless it has been _**APPROVED FOR**_ returned to service by a person authorized under 43.7 and the maintenance record entry required by 43.9 or 43.11 as applicable has been made.

**Notes:**
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1. A MECHANIC OR IA MAY APPROVE FOR RETURN TO SERVICE

2. THE APPLICABLE ENTRY IAW 43.9 OR 43.11

3. BUT WHAT ABOUT THE REQUIRED PART 91 ENTRIES THAT THE OWNER / OPERATOR ARE REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN IN THE AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE RECORDS? 

4. THE REGULATION IS SPECIFIC , ONLY PERSON’s IAW  FAR 43 MAY MAKE THOSE SPECIFIC ENTRIES.

## FAR 91.407(b) further states:

- No person may carry any person (other than Crew) in an aircraft that has been **maintained, rebuilt or altered in a  manner that may appreciably affect flight characteristics or operation** in flight _**until**__** **_**an appropriately rated pilot** **FLIES THE AIRCRAFT**, makes a operational check of the maintenance performed **and logs the flight in the aircraft records**.

**Notes:**
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1. HERE IS WERE THE PILOT COMES IN. THIS IS ONE OF THE ONLY EXCEPTION TO THE RULES THAT ALLOWS A PILOT TO MAKE AN ENTRY INTO THE AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE RECORDS.

2. THE OTHER EXCEPTION WOULD BE IF THE PILOT PERFORMED PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE IAW FAR 43 APPENDIX A.

## FAR 91.409(a)(1)INSPECTIONS

- FAR 91.409(a)(1)INSPECTIONS

- Annual Inspection IAW *PART 43 and has been approved for return to service by a person authorized by *Part 43.7 of this chapter.

**Notes:**
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1. AGAIN FAR 91 REFERS TO SPECIFIC PART 43 REGULATIONS WHICH BRINGS IT BACK TO THE MECHANIC AS THE PERSON WHO MAKES THE REQUIRE MAINTENANCE RECORD ENTRIES AND APPROVES THE AIRCRAFT FOR RETURN TO SERVICE.

## FAR 91.207

- ELT’S ARE REQUIRED TO BE INSPECTED EVERY 12 MONTHS
- THE LOG BOOK ENTRY SHOULD STATE: ELT INSPECTED I/A/W PART 91.207(d)

**Notes:**
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1. 91.207(c) STATES THAT BATTERIES MUST BE REPLACED WHEN THE ELT HAS BEEN USED FOR MORE THAN ONE CUMULATIVE HOUR OR WHEN 50% OF THEIR USEFUL LIFE HAS EXPIRED.

2. THE EXPIRATION DATE MUST BE LEGIBLY MARKED ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE TRANSMITTER AND THE EXPIRATION DATE ENTERED INTO THE MAINTENANCE RECORDS.

3. EACH ELT MUST BE INSPECTED WITHIN 12 CALENDAR MONTHS AFTER THE LAST INSPECTION FOR:
   (1) PROPER INSTALLATION
   (2) BATTERY CORROSION
   (3) OPERATION OF CONTROLS AND CRASH SENSOR
   (4) THE PRESENCE OF A SUFFICIENT SIGNAL RADIATED FROM ITS ANTENNA.

## OWNER or OPERATORS RECORD RESPONSIBILITIES

- FAR 91.405:  **SHALL ENSURE THAT**  **MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL** MAKE APPROPRIATE ENTRIES IN AIRCRAFT RECORDS

**Notes:**
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1. INTERIM SUMMARY

2. THE OWNER OPERATOR IS RESPONSIBLE FOR WHAT?
   (A) AIRWORTHINESS OF THE AIRCRAFT
   (B) AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE AND MAINTENANCE RECORDS

3. THE OWNER IS RESPONSIBLE TO ENSURE THAT MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL DO WHAT?
  (A) MAKE THE APPROPRIATE AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENTRIES
  (B) APPROVE THE AIRCRAFT FOR RETURN TO SERVICE

4. WHAT REGULATION COVERS MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS OF OWNER/ OPERATORS?
   (A) PART 91 SUBPART “E”

## MAINTENANCE RECORDS91.417

- MAINTENANCE RECORDS91.417

- (A)(1) The records must include:
- (i) A description of the performed
- (ii) The date of completion of the work
- (iii) The signature and certificate number of the person approving the aircraft for return to service

**Notes:**
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1. AS PREVIOUSLY DISCUSSED, THAT IN ORDER FOR THE AIRCRAFT TO BE RETURNED TO SERVICE, A PERSON IAW FAR 43.7 MUST APPROVE THE AIRCRAFT FOR RETURN TO SERVICE.

2. WHO RETURNS THE AIRCRAFT TO SERVICE? THE OWNER /   OPERATOR! 
3. THE MECHANIC APPROVES THE AIRCRAFT FOR RETURN TO SERVICE AFTER THE COMPLETION OF THE REQUIRED MAINTENANCE. 
4. THE OWNER / OPERATOR ACTUALLY RETURNS THE AIRCRAFT TO SERVICE AFTER, IAW  FAR  91.405(b), EACH OWNER / OPERATOR ENSURES THAT THE MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL MAKE THE APPROPRIATE ENTRIES IN THE AIRCRAFT RECORDS INDICATING THAT IT HAS BEEN APPROVED FOR RETURN TO SERVICE.

## FAR 91.417(a)(2)

- Total Time in Service of the airframe, each engine, each propeller, and each rotor
- The current status of life limited parts of each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, and appliance

## 91.417(a)(2)

- The time since last overhaul of all items installed which are  required to be overhauled on a specific time basis
- The current inspection status of the aircraft, including the time since the last inspection required by the inspection program which the aircraft and its appliances are maintained.

**Notes:**
26
LIFE LIMITED PARTS - 

TIME SINCE OVERHAUL MAY NOT  BE THE TTIS OF THE AIRCRAFT

## 91.417(a)(2)(v)

**The Current Status of applicable Airworthiness Directives including, for each, the method of compliance, the AD number, and revision date**.
**If the AD involves recurring action, the time and date next action due.**

**Notes:**
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1. WHERE ARE YOU GOING TO ANNOTATE THAT ALL APPLICABLE AD’S HAVE BEEN COMPLIED WITH?

THIS IS WHERE AN AD COMPLIANCE LIST WILL PROVIDE NOT ONLY THE MECHANIC A SYSTEMATIC PROCESS FOR ENSURING THAT ALL APPLICABLE AD’S ARE COMPLIED WITH BUT IT FURTHER PROVIDES THE OWNER / OPERATOR WITH THE REQUIRED DOCUMENTATION THAT ALLOWS FOR IMMEDIATE REVIEW WITHOUT FUMBLING THROUGH THE ENTIRE AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE RECORD HISTORY.

2. WORD OF ADVICE! NEVER TAKE FOR GRANTED THAT JOE MECHANIC WHO PERFORMED THE ANNUAL INSPECTION IN 1965 OR 1997 DID THE REQUIRED RESEARCH TO ENSURE THAT ALL THE APPLICABLE AD’S WERE COMPLIED WITH IAW THE METHOD OF COMPLIANCE STATED ON EACH INDIVIDUAL AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVE.  (VISUAL INSPECTION, SERVICE BULLETIN, SPECIFIC ENTRIES REQUIRED BY A SERVICE BULLETIN AS THE METHOD OF COMPLIANCE, ETC.)

## Major Repairs and Alterations Documentation

- 91.417(vi) Copies of the forms prescribed by Part 43.9(a) (“FORM 337”) for each MAJOR  ALTERATION to the AIRFRAME and currently installed  ENGINES, ROTORS, PROPELLERS and APPLIANCES

## Why do I as a Mechanic or IA need all that owner stuff?

- General Operating and Flight Rules
- 91.403
- 91.405
- 91.407
- 91.409

**Notes:**
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1. HOW  IS YOUR MECHANIC GOING TO APPROVE THE AIRCRAFT FOR RETURN TO SERVICE IAW  IT’S TYPE DESIGN AND TYPE CERTIFICATE IF THEY DON'T KNOW THE RULES IN WHICH THE AIRCRAFT OPERATES?

2. DOES THE OWNER / OPERATOR HAVE THE LUXURY OF MAKING THOSE ENTRIES?

3. DOES THE MECHANIC PROVIDE A SERVICE FOR FEE TO THE OWNER OPERATOR?

4. IS THERE A FACTOR OF SAFETY INVOLVED? ABSOLUTELY !

5. WITHOUT APPROPRIATE ENTRIES IN THE AIRCRAFT RECORDS, INCLUDING ALL THE FAA FORM 337’, A MECHANIC CANNOT DETERMINE IF THE AIRCRAFT HAS DEVIATED FROM IT’S TYPE DESIGN. 

## Reason #1: FAR 91 Contains Required Maintenance Entries

- 91.405(b)
- 91.207
- 91.409
- 91.411
- 91.413
- 91.417

**Notes:**
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1. FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION 91 IS THE OPERATING RULE FOR GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT. LIKE ITS COUNTER PARTS, 135, 137, 121 AND ETC.. IT HAS SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR MAINTENANCE.

2. ONLY A PERSON AUTHORIZED UNDER PART 43 MAY APPROVE THE AIRCRAFT FOR RETURN TO SERVICE.  IN ORDER FOR THAT AIRCRAFT TO BE APPROVED FOR RETURN TO SERVICE, THE AIRCRAFT MUST MEET IT’S TYPE DESIGN AND TYPE CERTIFICATE.

3. THE OWNER / OPERATOR MUST ENSURE THAT MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL MAKE THE APPROPRIATE ENTRIES AND APPROVE THE AIRCRAFT FOR RETURN TO SERVICE.

## Reason # 2, FAR 91.403(b)

- No person may perform maintenance or alterations on an aircraft other than as prescribed in this subpart and other applicable regulations including *PART 43 of this chapter!

**Notes:**
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1. AGAIN WHEN IT COMES DOWN TO ANNUAL INSPECTIONS, 100 HOUR INSPECTIONS, ALTERATIONS AND REPAIRS ONLY THOSE PERSONS IDENTIFIED IAW FAR 43 MAY PERFORM MAINTENANCE AND APPROVE FOR RETURN TO SERVICE.

2. FAR 43 IS WHY THE PROFESSIONAL AVIATION MAINTENANCE TECHNICIAN ARE THE RESOURCE THE OWNER / OPERATOR DEPENDS ON TO PROVIDE THE APPROPRIATE MAINTENANCE AND MAKE THE APPROPRIATE ENTRIES IN THE AIRCRAFT RECORDS AS REQUIRED. NOT ONLY IAW FAR 43 BUT ALSO AS REQUIRED BY THE OPERATING RULES OF THE AIRCRAFT AND IN THIS CASE IT IS FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION 91.

## Reason # 3, FAR 91.405(b)

- Each Owner / Operator of an Aircraft:
- Shall ensure the “Maintenance Personnel” make the appropriate entries in the aircraft maintenance records indicating that the aircraft has been approved for return to service!

## Interim Summary

- 91.403 States who is responsible for and who can perform Maintenance
- 91.405 describes who has to make the appropriate aircraft record entries
- 91.407 Who approves the aircraft  for return to service before operation

## Interim Summary

- 91.409
- States what kind of inspection and who can APPROVE the aircraft for return to service
- 91.417
- describes the required aircraft records and entries in detail that are required to be accomplished and maintained

## PART 43

**MAINTENANCE, PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE, REBUILD AND ALTERATION**
**PERFORMANCE RULES AND ADDITIONAL PERFORMANCE RULES FOR**** ****MECHANICS**

## What Does FAR 43 Say About inspections?

**43.13 Performance Rules**
- 1. Shall use methods techniques and practices prescribed in the current manufactures maintenance manual or instructions for continued airworthiness prepared by its manufacturer, or other methods, techniques, and practices acceptable to the Administrator.

**Notes:**
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1. REMEMBER FAR 43 ARE MAINTENANCE PERFORMANCE RULES FOR MECHANICS
2. OWNER / OPERATORS SHOULD ASK TO SEE THE CHECK LIST THAT THE MECHANIC INTENDS TO USE
3. IT IS IMPORTANT THAT THE OWNER / OPERATOR IS AWARE OF WHAT METHODS, TECHNIQUES AND PRACTICES THAT THE MECHANIC IS GOING TO EMPLOY WHEN HE OR SHE DOES AN ANNUAL INSPECTION. 
4. IT IS EQUALLY IMPORTANT THAT THE MECHANIC UNDERSTANDS WHAT THE REGULATION REQUIRES IN TERMS OF SCOPE AND DETAIL IAW FAR 43 APPENDIX D.

## Additional Performance Rules for Inspections

- FAR 43.15
- Each person performing an inspection required by Part 91 SHALL:
- Perform the inspection so as to determine whether the aircraft meets all applicable airworthiness requirements

## Required Checklist

- FAR 43.15(c)
- Each person performing an Annual or 100 Hour Inspection _SHALL_ use a checklist while performing the inspection
- This checklist must include the scope and detail of the Items contained in Appendix D to this part.

**Notes:**
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1. HERE’S THE BIG QUESTION, WHAT MAINTENANCE PROGRAM 
IS THE AIRCRAFT BEING MAINTAINED UNDER?
2. THE OWNER / OPERATOR MAY NOT OPERATE THE AIRCRAFT FOR WHICH A MANUFACTURE’S MAINTENANCE MANUAL OR INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONTINUED AIRWORTHINESS HAS BEEN ISSUED THAT CONTAINS AN AIRWORTHINESS LIMITATIONS SECTION UNLESS THE MANDATORY REPLACEMENT TIMES, INSPECTION INTERVALS AND RELATED PROCEDURES SPECIFIED IN THAT SECTION
3. DOES FAR 43 APPENDIX D ENSURE THAT MY CHECKLIST COVERS ALL THE ASPECTS THAT THE AIRCRAFT REQUIRES TO BE INSPECTED IAW THE MANUFACTURE’S MAINTENANCE MANUAL?

4. THE OWNER / OPERATOR MUST DECIDE HOW THEY WANT YOU TO PROCEED WITH THE INSPECTION AND YOU BETTER MAKE DARN SURE THAT IF YOU USE FAR 43 APPENDIX “D” AS YOUR BASIS FOR PERFORMING THE INSPECTION THAT IT COVERS ALL THE ASPECTS REQUIRED OF THE MANUFACTURE OR IF YOU USE THE MANUFACTURES CHECKLIST OR DATA IT MUST ALSO COVER THE REQUIREMENTS OF FAR 43 APPENDIX D. 

## Before Approval for Return to Service after Annual / 100 Hour

**43.15(c)(2)**
- Each Person before that approval SHALL run the aircraft engine(s) to determine satisfactory performance IAW the manufactures recommendations of:
- Power output; Magnetos; Fuel and Oil pressure; and Cylinder and Oil temperature

**Notes:**
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1. IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT THE AIRCRAFT MEETS ALL THE REQUIREMENTS OF FAR 43.15 HOW ARE WE GOING TO FIND OUT IF THE OPERATING LIMITATIONS AND OR STANDARDS MEET THE THE MANUFACTURE’S RECOMMENDATIONS OR SPECIFICATIONS?
 (A) AIRCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL
 (B) PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK
 (C) TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET
 (D) AIRCRAFT SPECIFICATION SHEETS
 (E) FORM 337’s FOR MAJOR REPAIR AND ALTERATIONS
 (F) FLIGHT MANUAL SUPPLEMENTS

2. THESE ITEMS ARE ALL PART OF HOW THE AIRCRAFT MUST NOT ONLY OPERATE BUT HOW IT IS ACTUALLY CONFIGURED AT THE TIME YOU ARE PERFORMING THE MAINTENANCE AND APPROVING THE AIRCRAFT FOR RETURN TO SERVICE.

## AIRFRAME LOG BOOK

**DESCRIPTION OF WORK**

**10/3/95**

***I certify that this aircraft has been inspected in accordance with an annual inspection and was determined to be in an airworthy condition***
**S*****IGNATURE       *****IA 4456782435**

**DATE**

**AIRFRAME LOG BOOK**

**Notes:**
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1. HOW MANY OF YOU HAVE SEEN MAINTENANCE RECORDS THAT ARE ABOUT AS HARD TO READ AS THIS
2. 91.419 AT THE SALE OF THE AIRCRAFT THE OWNER SHALL TRANSFER TO THE PURCHASER, RECORDS IN PLAIN LANGUAGE
3. AC 43.9B THE DESCRIPTION SHOULD BE IN SUFFICIENT DETAIL TO PERMIT A PERSON UNFAMILIAR WITH THE WORK TO UNDERSTAND WHAT WAS DONE, AND THE METHODS AND PROCEDURES USED IN DOING IT.
4. CURRENTLY AC 43.9B DOES NOT CITE THE APPROPRIATE PART 91 REGULATIONS CORRECTLY DUE TO CHANGES IN THE REGULATION.  THE ADVISORY CIRCULAR IS A GOOD TOOL FOR REFERENCE AND SHOULD BE SOUGHT TO HELP WITH NOT ONLY CONSTRUCTION OF RECORDS BUT THE TYPES OF REQUIRED RECORDS. 

## AIRFRAME LOG BOOK

**AIRFRAME LOG BOOK**

** **

**DESCRIPTION OF WORK**

**10/3/95**

**I certify that this aircraft has been inspected in accordance with an annual inspection and was determined to be in an airworthy condition**
*SIGNATURE***       IA 4456782435**

**DATE**

**Notes:**
40
1. DOES THIS ENTRY MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF PART 43?

2. DOES THIS ENTRY MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF PART 91?

3. NO AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES 
4. NO MAINTENANCE PERFORMED
5. ONLY AN INSPECTION WAS PERFORMED
6. DID THE MECHANIC APPROVE THE AIRCRAFT FOR RETURN TO SERVICE?
ABSOLUTELY, IAW FAR 43.11(a)(4).

## THE ULTIMATE LOGBOOK ENTRY

- N- Number, Date of Inspection, Hob's Time and Total Aircraft Time
- Checked all applicable AD’s for Recurrence
- Method of Compliance of AD’s ( EACH ONE)
- How the Aircraft was Inspected ( IAW What)
- Maintenance Performed
- ELT Inspection and Xpndr test and Inspection
- Approval for Return to Service Statement            (FAR 43.11)

**Notes:**
42
N-NUMBER, DATED OF INSPECTION, HOB'S TIME, AIRCRAFT TOTAL TIME.
CHECKED APPLICABLE AD’S FOR RECURRECE THROUGH ISSUE #,
DATE OF ISSUE #.  COMPLIED WITH AD 00-00-00 BY (METHOD OF COMPLIANCE) NEXT DUE AT (ACFT TOTAL TIME).  AD 00-00-01 DOES NOT APPLY TO THIS AIRCRAFT DUE ( WHY DOES IT NOT APPLY).  INSPECTED AIRCRAFT I/A/W ( AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE MANUAL AND MANUAL PART NUMBER, DATE OF MANUAL, SECTION OF MANUAL) AND PART 43 APPENDIX “D”.  THE FOLLOWING MAINTENANCE WAS PERFORMED DURING THIS INSPECTION: ( WHAT WAS DONE, WHAT WAS REMOVED, WHAT WAS INSTALLED, WHAT WAS ADJUSTED, PART NUMBERS, RPM’S, AND QUANTITIES) ALL MAINTENANCE PERFORMED I/A/W : (MANUFACTURES MAINTENANCE MANUAL INFORMATION AS APPLICABLE TO THE MAINTENANCE PERFORMED, PART NUMBER, AND DATE) THIS AIRCRAFT HAS BEEN INSPECTED I/A/W AN ANNUAL INSPECTION AND HAS BEEN DETERMINED TO BE IN AN AIRWORTHY CONDITION AT THIS( DATE) AND (ACFT TT) AND IS APPROVED FOR RETURN TO SERVICE. 
SIGNATURE / CERTIFICATE TYPE AND NUMBER  (A&P000111222IA)

## LOOK IN THE LOG BOOK FOR AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVE ENTRIES

- 	How Many Times Have you Seen This?
- All Airworthiness Directives have been complied with!

**Notes:**
43
1. ALL AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES EVEN THE ONES DUE ON A BOEING 747???    BAD ENTRY IF YOUR MECHANIC MAKES AN ENTRY LIKE THIS ASK HIM TO MAKE A LIST OF ALL A/DS HE COMPLIED WITH
2. REMEMBER FAR 91.417(a)(2)(v) REQUIRES THE OWNER / OPERATOR TO MAINTAIN THE STATUS OF ALL APPLICABLE AD’S BUT ONLY THE MECHANIC CAN PERFORM THE INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE AND REQUIRED ENTRIES WHEN EACH APPLICABLE (TO YOUR PARTICULAR AIRCRAFT) AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVE IS COMPLIED WITH COMPLIED WITH!
3. 

## FAR 91CURRENT STATUS OF AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES

**THE METHOD OF COMPLIANCE**
**THE AD NUMBER**
**THE TIME AND DATE WHEN THE NEXT ACTION IS REQUIRED**

- FAR 91CURRENT STATUS OF AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES

**Notes:**
44
1. SO WHEN THIS MECHANIC MAKES A STATEMENT THAT ALL A/Ds HAVE BEEN COMPLIED WITH,  MAKE HIM TELL YOU WHAT THEY ARE AND ENSURE THAT HE OR SHE HAS MADE THE PROPER LOG BOOK ENTRIES AS REQUIRED BY FAR 91.417.

2. THE BEST THING THAT A MECHANIC CAN DO FOR AN OWNER IS TO PROVIDE THAT OWNER WITH AN AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVE COMPLIANCE LIST IDENTICAL TO THE FORM AND CONTENT SAMPLED IN ADVISORY CIRCULAR 43.9B

## PERFORM THE INSPECTION TO DETERMINE THAT THE AIRCRAFT MEETS ALL APPLICABLE AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS --------

- MEETS TYPE CERTIFICATE  AND / OR PROPERLY ALTERED CONDITION
- THE AIRCRAFT IS IN CONDITION FOR SAFE OPERATION
- AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES

**Notes:**
45
1. DEFINITION OF AIRWORTHY
IF YOUR AIRCRAFT IS GOING TO NEED A NEW MIXTURE CONTROL CABLE AND YOU ASK THE MECHANIC TO INSTALL A VERNIER CONTROL THE MECHANIC SHOULD TELL YOU ONE OF TWO THINGS:
1. YES IT CAN BE DONE WITH AN STC
2. I WILL HAVE TO CHECK WITH THE FAA AND SEE IF WE CAN GET A FIELD APPROVAL FOR IT.
BECAUSE IF THE AIRCRAFT WAS NOT MANUFACTURED WITH A VERNIER CONTROL IT PROBABLY CANNOT BE INSTALLED WITHOUT EXTRA PAPERWORK.
A/C  IN CONDITION FOR SAFE OPERATION - WHY YOU PAY YOUR MECHANIC BIG BUCKS 
FAR 43.11 (b) MECHANICS HAVE THE OPTION TO NOT RETURN THE AIRCRAFT TO SERVICE DURING THE INSPECTION OR AT THE COMPLETION OF THE INSPECTION THEY HAVE A LIST OF DISCREPANCIES THAT WILL PRECLUDE THE AIRCRAFT FROM SAFE OPERATION, UNAIRWORTHY, DOES NOT MEET ITS TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET, AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES OR OTHER APPROVED DATA UPON WHICH AIRWORTHINESS DEPENDS.

## THE KEY TO GOOD MAINTENANCE IS FREQUENT AND THOROUGH INSPECTIONS

- THE IDEA IS TO CATCH THE PROBLEM BEFORE IT BECOMES A HAZARD

**Notes:**
46
THIS MAY BE A THOROUGH PREFLIGHT, SPECIAL INSPECTIONS, 50 OR 100 HR. OR EVEN AN ANNUAL INSPECTION.
THE MECHANIC SHOULD LEARN TO PROFILE AN AIRCRAFT PRIOR TO ACTUALLY INSPECTING THE AIRCRAFT.

PROFILING IS JUST WHAT WE HAVE BEEN TALKING ABOUT OVER THE LAST HOUR. UNDERSTANDING THE OWNERS REQUIREMENTS THE MECHANICS RESPONSIBILITIES AND AUTHORITY, THE AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION IN REFERENCE TO IT’S TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET, MAJOR ALTERATIONS AND REPAIRS, AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES, AIRCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL, FLIGHT MANUAL SUPPLEMENTS AND MANUFACTURES MAINTENANCE AND OPERATING RECOMMENDATIONS.

## QUESTIONS

## WHAT WORK CAN I DO ON MY AIRCRAFT - AS A PILOT?

- FAR 43.5 ALLOWS A PERSON HOLDING AT LEAST PRIVATE PILOT CERTIFICATE TO APPROVE FOR RETURN TO SERVICE AFTER PERFORMING PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE UNDER THE PROVISION OF 43.3 AND APPENDIX “A”

**Notes:**
48
1. LETS WATCH THIS 22 MINUTE TAPE ON PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE.

## IT’S SHOW TIME

**IT’S SHOW TIME**

- LET’S WATCH THIS 22 MINUTE VIDEO ON OWNER OPERATOR PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE!