# Presentation: 280175

## Overview of International Activities 

**Overview of International Activities **
**Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy**

**Robert Dixon**
**John Millhone**
**June 11, 2003**

## EERE’s International Goal

- Accelerate the international transfer of U.S. energy efficient and renewable energy technologies to help achieve U.S. energy, environmental, economic, social, political, and security objectives.

## EERE’s International Strategy

- Use DOE’s leadership in the development and deployment of energy efficient and renewable energy technologies to leverage financial support from other public agencies, private sources, and financial institutions to enable DOE to maximize progress toward its international goal.

## EERE’s International Activities

-  Multilateral and Bilateral 	Agreements
-  Clean Energy Technology Exports
-  WSSD’s Clean Energy Initiative
-  Bilateral Climate Change 	Cooperation
-  International Partnership for the 	Hydrogen Economy (IPHE)

**EERE’s International Activities**

## EERE’s Multilateral International Activities

-  International Energy Agency
-  End-Use Working Party
-  Renewable Energy Working Party
-  Clean Technology Initiative
-  Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 	Forum
-  North American Energy Working Group
-  United Nations Economic Commission for 	Europe
-  U.S.-African Ministerial Conferences
-  U.S. Country Studies/U.S. Initiative on Joint 	Implementation

## EERE’s Bilateral International Activities

- (Currently active; not including the new Climate Change bilaterals)

**Americas**:	Brazil, Canada, Mexico, Venezuela
**Africa**:	Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa
**Europe**:	European Union, Russia, Ukraine
**Asia**:	China, India, Philippines, South Korea

## Clean Energy Technology Exports

***“******Promotion of clean energy technology exports will mitigate international dependence on oil supplies from volatile regions; help lower energy costs for the United States consumers; reduce nuclear proliferation risks; bring the United States firms greater access to large foreign markets; and enhance the United States integration with global sources of innovation.”***
***– ******Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham, April 25, 2001 ***

## Clean Energy Technology Exports Initiative (CETE)

- CETE is a multi-agency partnership with private industry to facilitate the export of clean energy technologies abroad.

**Department of Energy**
**Department of Commerce**
**Agency for International Development**
**Department of State**
**Department of Treasury **

**Environmental Protection Agency**
**Export-Import Bank**
**Overseas Private Investment Corporation**
**Trade and Development Agency**

## Establish effective structures for collaboration of federal agencies with private industry.
Draw upon the expertise of DOE, EPA, and USAID to help assess the technologies, markets, and market opportunities for U.S. firms.  
Increase the receptivity of international markets to clean energy technologies by partnering, building human capacity, disseminating information, demonstrating technology, and expanding awareness.

- Draw upon the expertise of DOE, EPA, and USAID to help assess the technologies, markets, and market opportunities for U.S. firms.
- Increase the receptivity of international markets to clean energy technologies by partnering, building human capacity, disseminating information, demonstrating technology, and expanding awareness.

**CETE Strategy**

## First Report Submitted to Congress (April 2001)
Two meetings held with private sector to solicit input to CETE strategic plan
CETE staff working with Deputy Mayor of Beijing to make it a clean city for the 2008 Olympics

- Two meetings held with private sector to solicit input to CETE strategic plan
- CETE staff working with Deputy Mayor of Beijing to make it a clean city for the 2008 Olympics

**Accomplishments to Date**

## WSSD and Sustainable Development

***“******The World Summit has a unique opportunity to advance the new approach to development that I embraced...based on shared accountability among developed and developing nations.”***
***“******Clean water, modern energy, good health, and productive agriculture...can lead us to a world without poverty....  We will stand together in Johannesburg to bring our full support to this important battle.”***
***– ******President George W. Bush,                      August 19, 2002***

## Affluence Requires Energy –                   Poverty Breeds Global Insecurity

**0.1**

**1**

**10**

**100**

**0.1**

**1**

**10**

**100**

**1000**

**Energy Consumption Per Capita (10****6**** Btu/Person)**

**GDP Per Capita ($1000/Person)**

- Burkina Faso

- Bangladesh

- El Salvador

- China

- Mexico

- United Kingdom

- France

- Japan

- Russia

- Poland

- South Korea

- USA

- Source:  International Energy Annual 2000 Tables E1, B1, B2; EIA Country Energy Data Reports

## CEI Partnerships

- CEI is comprised of three performance-based, market-oriented sustainable development partnerships with developing economies:

-  Global Village Energy Partnership          	(led by USAID)
*New energy access for 150 million people*
-  Energy Efficiency for Sustainable 	Development (led by DOE)
*20% energy intensity reduction, 20 countries*
-  Healthy Homes and Communities for Children 	(led by EPA)
*Reduce deaths attributable to indoor air pollution by 3 million*

## EESD Goals

- Improve the efficiency of energy production and delivery, and work with host governments to encourage necessary actions.
- Assist businesses in implementing efficiency gains in both industrial and agricultural operations.
- Assist central and local governments to lead in the efficient and clean use of energy in their own facilities.
- Develop financial management tools that organize and structure the financial programs necessary to attract private capital.
- Transform the appliance, lighting, equipment, and building sectors through new technology options, performance standards, and incentives.

## Weatherization
Rebuild America 
Clean Cities
Federal Energy Management Program
Energy Services Company (ESCO) Development and Support
Industrial Best Practices
Industrial Plant Audits
Building Design Tools
Building and Equipment Energy Efficiency Codes
Demand-Side Management
Energy Efficiency Partnerships

- Rebuild America
- Clean Cities
- Federal Energy Management Program
- Energy Services Company (ESCO) Development and Support
- Industrial Best Practices
- Industrial Plant Audits
- Building Design Tools
- Building and Equipment Energy Efficiency Codes
- Demand-Side Management
- Energy Efficiency Partnerships

**Potential Energy Efficiency Programs              for International Application**

***	******Program Design ******	******Assistance***
***	******Education/Training***
***	******Technical ******	******Assistance***
***	******Software, ******	******Databases, and ******	******Other Tools***
***	******U.S.-Developing ******	******Country Industry ******	******Partnerships***

## Bilateral Climate Change Cooperation

***“ ******I am today committing the United States of America to work within the United Nations framework and elsewhere to develop with our friends and allies and nations throughout the world an effective and science-based response to the issue of global warming.”***

***– ******President George W. Bush                    June 11, 2001***

## The importance of entering into a “discrete” relationship is a function of a particular country’s:

**Motivation for Bilateral Cooperation**

-  Contribution to global net greenhouse 	gas emissions;
-  Ability to devote resources (human and 	financial) to scientific cooperation and/or 	technology development;
-  Influence with others, regionally or 	globally; and
-  Special affinity (openness/receptivity to 	cooperation) with the United States.

## Current Bilateral Climate Change Agreement Efforts

- Revitalized or initiated specific bilateral relationships with:
-  Australia
-  Canada
-  Central American   	Countries (CONCAUSA)
-  China
-  European Union
-  India
-  Italy
-  Japan

- Similar efforts are underway or may start soon with:
-  Brazil
-  Mexico
-  Republic of Korea
-  Russian Federation
-  South Africa

***Together with the United States, these countries account for approximately 78% of global CO******2****** emissions.***

**Notes:**
These bilateral climate change relationships range from those devoted almost exclusively to undertaking cooperative science & technology projects to those that focus almost exclusively on the exchange of information and views related to climate change policy.  Most relationships involve a mix of projects and policy, and offer multiple opportunities for beneficial cooperation and useful exchange. 

DOE does not expect to expand significantly beyond the specific relationships listed because they already embrace:

All key Umbrella Group partners (Australia, Canada, Japan, Russian Federation, and Ukraine)
The most significant counterpart to the Umbrella Group among industrialized nations (the European Union)
Some of the largest developing countries in terms of net GHG emissions (China, India, Brazil, Korea, and South Africa)
Countries with whom we have a special affinity (Mexico, Central American countries).

## Future Direction

**Where efforts are already underway, we expect in the near term to:**

-  Catalogue and review existing 	initiatives/projects,
-  Identify areas where expanded or new 	efforts would complement our domestic 	program goals,
-  Work to secure resources necessary to 	implement expanded or new initiatives, 	and
-  Establish an ambitious, but reasonable, 	cooperative program.

## IPHE Vision

***“******The vision of the International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy is that a participating country’s consumers will have the practical option of purchasing a competitively priced hydrogen power vehicle, and be able to refuel it near their homes and places of work, by 2020.”***

***– ******Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham,***
***April 28, 2003***

## The Oil “Gap” Is Growing

**CAFE increases include light trucks**
**Beyond 2020, EIA data extrapolated**

- Million barrels per day

**Domestic Production**

**NHTSA Proposal**

**20% CAFE Increase ****(=28.8 mpg)**

**Transportation Oil Use**

**40% CAFE Increase ****(=33.6 mpg)**

**60% CAFE Increase ****(=38.4 mpg)**

**Plus ANWR**(Ref: EIA SR/O&G/2000-02, and USGS Report 98-34)

## IPHE Partnership Goal

- Efficiently organize, evaluate, and coordinate multinational research, development, and deployment programs that advance the transition to a global hydrogen economy.

## National Commitments

**United States**
- Committed $1.7 billion for the first five years of a long-term hydrogen energy technology and infrastructure development program.
**European Union**
- Committed up to € 2 billion to long-term research and development of renewable and hydrogen energy technologies that is complementary to the Clean Urban Transport for Europe (CUTE) bus program.
**Japan**
- Fuel cell and hydrogen technology research, development, and demonstration program has tripled in size since 1995.
**China**
- Organized a program that intends to build and operate fuel cell vehicles.
**India**
- Has initiated work on a hydrogen energy technology roadmap.

## FY 2004 Hydrogen Production               Funding ($38.5M)

**Renewables – $17.3 million (EERE)**
-  Direct water splitting using 	solar energy
-  Thermal processes using 	biomass
-  Advanced electrolysis from 	wind power
-  Biological WGS Processes

**Nuclear – $4 million**** ****(NE)**
-  High temperature chemical cycles for 	splitting water

**Coal – $5 million (FE)**
-  Separation of pure hydrogen gas from 	synthesis gas (CO and hydrogen)
-  Technologies also applicable to biomass 	feedstocks

**Natural Gas – $12.2 million**** ****(FE/EERE)**
-  Small, distributed 	systems to begin 	making hydrogen 	available at local 	refueling stations
-  Centralized 	Production

**Energy Independence Through Diversity of Domestic Supplies**

**DOE Offices of Fossil Energy, Nuclear Energy, and Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy are collaborating on cost-shared hydrogen production R&D:**

## IPHE Partner Characteristics

- 1) Substantial, long-term resource commitments to hydrogen and fuel cell technology research and development activities;
- 2) A well-defined vision and national strategy to advance technology deployment and infrastructure development; and
- 3) A commitment reflected in policies and strategies that effectively advance private sector development of a hydrogen economy.

**The United States will focus on partners that have:**

## IPHE Next Steps

- From June through August of 2003, consult with potential partners to consider modalities (structure, specific goals, and modes of operation) for the Partnership.
- In October/November of 2003, convene a meeting of interested countries to agree on final modalities and initiate concrete steps in structuring and implementing the Partnership.