# Presentation: 335299

## Proton Plan

- Eric Prebys
- FNAL Accelerator Division

## Outline

- Scope of the Plan
- Proton Economics and Limiting Factors
- Key Issues
- Elements of the Plan
- Timeline
- Cost
- Proton Projections

## “Proton Plan”

- The details of proton demand and issues can be found in an official report to the director at:
-   www.fnal.gov/directorate/program_planning/studies/ProtonReport.pdf
- Working assumptions:
- Existing proton source must last at least another 10 years or so in more or less it’s current configuration.
- During that time, a new “proton driver” will be built, which will ultimately replace the existing proton source.
- Proton source improvements should require no significant downtimes beyond those needed for other reasons.
- The maximum total funding for proton source improvements will be of the order of $18M over the next few years.
- Near term projects most important to performance

## What Limits Total Proton Intensity?

- Maximum number of Protons the Booster can stably accelerate: 5E12
- Maximum average Booster rep. Rate:  currently 7.5 Hz, may have to go to 10 Hz for NuMI+ *(full)* MiniBooNE
- (NUMI only) Maximum number of booster batches the Main Injector can hold: currently 6 *in principle*, possibly go to 11 with fancy loading schemes in the future
- (NUMI only) Minimum Main Injector ramp cycle time (NUMI only): 1.4s+loading time (at least 1/15s**nbatches*)
- Losses in the Booster:
- Above ground radiation
- Damage and/or activation of tunnel components

*Our biggest worry at the moment!!!!*

## Key Issues

- Linac
- Not a performance bottleneck, but historically a reliability concern
- Pulsed quad power supplies
- Increased instrumentation
- Booster:
- Hardware improvements to increase maximum average repetition rate
- A multi-pronged approach to increase aperture and efficiency
- Main Injector
- Aperture increases to accommodate multi-batch loading.
- Increased RF to accommodate slip-stacked NuMI loading.

- Biggest $$$

## Plan Elements 

- Linac
- Maintenance, Reliability, and Monitoring
- Increased Instrumentation
- Replace Pulsed Quadrupole power supplies
- Booster
- Aperture
- Long 13 Modification (complete)
- ORBUMP replacement
- Improved Corrector System
- Alignment
- Longitudinal Bucket Area
- Gamma-t system
- Extra RF cavities
- 30 Hz Harmonic
- Repetition rate
- RF Drift tube cooling
- Feeder upgrade (deferred)
- Operational advances
- Beam cogging
- Maintenance, Reliability, and Monitoring
- Solid state RF PA’s
- Improved instrumentation

## Plan Elements (cont’d)

- Main Injector
- Aperture
- Large aperture quads
- Longitudinal Bucket Area
- Dual PA RF upgrade
- Operational Advances
- Initial NuMI commissioning
- Mixed mode operation
- Full mixed mode (2+5) operation
- Full slipstacked (2+9) NuMI operation
- Maintenance, Reliability, and Monitoring
- BPM Upgrade
- BLM Upgrade

## Important Milestones in Proton Delivery

- 12/2004 – Slipstacked pBar production
- 1/2005 – NuMI operation begins
- 4/2005 – “2+5” pBar+NuMI operation
- 11/2005 – Booster capable of 9Hz operation
- 11/2006 – Main Injector RF Upgrade Complete
- 4/2007 – NuMI+pBar at full 2+9 operation

## Major Costs

## Timeline of Key Elements

## Estimating Proton Delivery

- Assumptions
- The hardware improvements to Booster and Main Injector take place on the time scale I have presented.
- Booster loss reduction more or less keeps pace with the repetition rate increases.
- There are no severe roadblocks to the operational advances in the Main Injector (multi-batch, etc)
- Maximum efficient Booster batch remains 5E12
- Hopefully conservative
- Total Main Injector acceleration time also remains constant
- Cycle time will go to 2.3s at full NuMI operation.

## Machine Capacities

- RF Upgrade

## Machine Capacities (cont’d)

- ORBUMP Upgrade

## Proton Projections

## Improvements suggested by Alberto

- Include MI BLM upgrade (currently under Run II plan).
- Explicitly include larger booster batches (5.5-6E12)
- Can MI accelerate 11 6E12 batches??
- Believe that after RF upgrade, MI acceleration ramp can be reduced to maintain 2 seconds rep. rate even with slipstacking (15% increase to NuMI).