# Presentation: 653703

## AVIATION SYSTEM CAPACITY PROGRAM

***Dr. J. Victor Lebacqz***
***Director, Aviation System Capacity & ***
***Aerospace Operations Systems Programs***
***NASA ***
**14 December 1999**

**www.asc.nasa.gov**
**www.aos.nasa.gov**

## NASA Strategic Enterprises

***NASA Strategic Enterprises***

**NASA Enterprises**
**Primary Customers**

**Decision Makers**

**Ultimate**
**Beneficiary**

**The **
**Public**

**Administration**
**and**
**Congress**

**Ultimate**
**Resource Provider**

**The **
**Public**

**Space Science**
**Science and Education Communities**
**Technology Innovators**
**Mission to Planet Earth**
**Science, Commercial, and Education Communities**
**Policy Makers**
**Human Exploration and **
**Development of Space**
**Science and Education Communities**
**Commercial Sectors**
**Aero- Space Technology**
**Aerospace and Nonaerospace Industries**
**Other U.S. Government Agencies**

**Crosscutting Processes**
**Manage Strategically**
**Provide Aerospace Products and Capabilities**
**Generate Knowledge**
**Communicate Knowledge**

## OAT Enterprise “3 Pillars”

*Global Civil Aviation*
*Five stretch goals*
*Revolutionary Technology Leaps*
*Three stretch goals*
*Access to Space*
*Two stretch goals*

## Five Goals for Global Civil Aviation

***Reduce the aircraft accident rate by a factor of five within  10 years, and by a factor of 10 within 20 years.***
***While maintaining safety, triple the aviation system throughput, in all weather conditions, within 10 years***
***Reduce the perceived noise levels of future aircraft by a factor of 2 within 10 years, and by 4 within 20 years***
***Reduce emissions of future aircraft by a factor of 3 within 10 years, and by 5 within 20 years***
***Reduce the cost of air travel by 25% within 10 years, and by 50% within 20 years***

## Delay Growth and Mitigation

- “Free Flight - Preserving Airline Opportunity”, Capt. Russell G. Chew, American Airlines, September 22, 1997

- 2007 Goal

- Airline Schedule **Integrity Lost **if _Average_ Delay > 4 Mins

- Predicted delay growth due to 2.3% annualized growth in air traffic (FAA, NASA, Boeing consistent)

- System efficiency as measured by average delay in NAS

## Goal 4: Aviation System Throughput

**2007**

**2025**

**2020**

**2015**

**2010**

**2005**

**2000**

**1997**

- Safe, efficient air traffic management with all-weather operation beyond current clear-weather capacity

- Expanded, high productivity utilization of short-runway and runway independent aircraft within an expanded NAS

**2022**

**Operations Systems**

**Aircraft Configuration**

- Real-time, distributed intelligent automated aviation system-wide monitoring with safety and operational advisories

- High productivity, weather tolerant vehicle systems with intermodal operations capability

- Phase III

- Terminal Area
- Productivity

- Extended Operations
- Systems

- Advanced Air Transportation
-  Technologies

- Technology for Advanced
- Operational Concepts

- Aviation Safety Program

-   Phase II

- Phase I

- Base R&T Program
- Other Agencie, Industrys
- Systems Tech. Program; Planned and Funded
- Systems Tech. Program, Required but Unfunded

- Intermodal Operations Demo

- Phase I

- Phase II

- Integration of Intelligent
- Aviation Systems

**FAA NAS Architecture**

- Information Technology & Aerospace Operation Systems

- Advanced Runway Independent
- Vehicle Systems

**Goal 4: ****Aviation System Throughput**

- While maintaining safety, triple the Aviation System throughput, in all weather conditions, within 10 years

- Benefits:
- •  Enable significant improvements to critical
-     transportation infrastructure
- •  Assure safe, reduced delay flight as air traffic
-     density increases
- •  Improve mobility for public
- •  Improve air-traveler’s time productivity

**CHALLENGES**

**OUTCOMES**

- Revolutionary High Productivity Vehicle Systems

- Rotorcraft, Airframe Systems & Propulsion Systems

- Short-Haul
- Civil Tilt Rotor 2

- Short-Haul
- Civil Tilt Rotor

- Industry /FAA                               Industry/DoD/FAA

## OAT Aeronautics Programs Structure

**ARC**
**Aviation Ops Systems**
**Astrobiology**
**Info Tech**
**Simulators **
**Scientific & Engineering**
**Computational Facilities**

***OAT Aeronautics Programs Structure***

***Center:***
***Mission:***
***COE:***
***Facility***
***Group Lead:***

***Competency***
***Group Areas:***

**DFRC**
**Flt Rsrch**
**Atmos Flt Ops**
**Aircraft &**
**Flight Facilities**

**LaRC**
**Airframe Sys**
**Atmos Science**
**Structures &**
**Materials**
**WTs & Aero,**
**Aerothermo Facilities / **
**Struct Test Facilities**

**LeRC**
**Aeropropulsion**
**Turbomachinery**
**Propulsion**
**Facilities**

***Programs/***
***Lead Centers***

**ISE / LaRC**

**HPCC / ARC**

**Capacity / ARC**

**Aero Veh Sys/LaRC**

**Prop Sys/LeRC**

**Av Ops Sys/ARC**

**Flt Rsrch/DFRC**

**Info Tech/ARC**

**Rotorcraft/ARC**

**Human**
**Factors**

**Air Traffic**
**Management**

- Rotorcraft &
- VSTOL Techs

- Turbomachinery
- & Combustion

- Inlets, Nozzles &
- Mechanical Engine
- Components

- Propulsion
- Mats & Structs

- Propulsion
- Support Tech

- Exp Aircraft
- Flight Research

- Test Bed A/C
- Research & Ops

- Flight Test Tech
- & Instrument

- Airborne
- Systems

- Structures &
- Materials

- Aerodynamics

- Mission / Sys
- Analysis

- Crew Station
- Design & Integ

- RPV
- Research & Ops

- Hybrid
- Propulsion

- Hypersonic
- Technologies

**Safety / LaRC**

- Icing
- Technologies

## ASC GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

**OBJECTIVES**

**GOAL**

- Safely enable major increases in the capacity & productivity of the NAS through development of revolutionary operations systems & vehicle concepts

- Improve NAS capacity, efficiency and access
- Improve collaboration, predictability and flexibility for the NAS users.
- Maintain system safety & minimize environmental effects
- Develop vehicle concepts & technologies for runway-independent operations
- Develop, validate & transfer advanced concepts, technologies & procedures to the customer community

***ASC GOALS AND OBJECTIVES***

## ASC PROGRAM ELEMENTS

- Safely achieve clear-weather airport capacity in instrument-weather conditions:
- increasing single runway throughput 12 to 15%
- reducing lateral spacing below 3400 feet on parallel runways

***ASC PROGRAM ELEMENTS***

**Advanced Air Transportation Technologies (AATT)**
- In alliance with the FAA, enable next generation of increases in capacity, flexibility and efficiency, while maintaining safety, of aircraft operations within the US and global airspace system:
- increasing terminal throughput 40%
- increasing enroute throughput 20%

- _ASC Project Goals_

**Short-Haul Civil Tilt-Rotor (SHCT)**
- Develop the most critical technologies to enable a civil tilt-rotor:
- reducing perceived noise 12 dB
- enabling safe terminal area operations
- enabling OEI operation

## BUDGET BY CENTER

## FAA/NASA Partnership

**Strong Joint Program with Federal Aviation Administration**
**Based upon 8 MOU’s and MOA’s - listed in PCA**
**Administrators of NASA and FAA signed pioneering MOU in 9/95**
- Formation of Inter-Agency Integrated Product Team (IAIPT)
- Executive Steering Committee from Aviation Community
**NASA and FAA Administrators sign Agreement re “Partnership to Achieve Goals in Aviation and Future Space Transportation”**
**FAA/NASA Executive Committee meets quarterly - Assoc. Admin level**
**National Plan for ATM Research Developed - approved by AA’s: **
- Version 1.0 in September 1996;Version 3.0 in March 1999
**Final IG Report on review of AATT Project released in June 99.**
- Acknowledged NASA’s positive relationship with FAA and industry due to the Interagency Product Team, the Executive Steering Committee, and the FAA/NASA Executive Committee.
- IG review resulted in no Findings or Recommendations.
**Short-Haul Civil Tilt-rotor also conducted under aegis of NASA/FAA MOA**

## ALLIANCES

**FAA**

- Short-Haul Civil Tilt-rotor (SHCT)

- Advanced Air Transportation Technologies (AATT)

- Terminal Area Productivity (TAP)

- Aviation System Capacity (ASC)

**NASA/FAA **
- Inter-Agency Integrated Product Team (IAIPT)

**Advisory Groups**
- ATM R&D Exec. Steering Committee
- Rotorcraft ASTAC
- Goals ASTAC
- SHCT Steering Committee
**Participation with Customers**
- RTCA:
- Free Flight Steering Committee
- Free Flight Select Committee
- 2003-2005 Capabilities Working Group
- Program Management Committee
- AIAA, AHS, SAE, ATA
- FAA/EUROCONTROL R&D Committee

**NASA**

## Aircraft Configuration Examples:  Short-Haul Civil Tiltrotor (SHCT) Project

## SHCT Benefits to CapacityResults of 1999 FAA Newark Airport Task Force Study

- Of all the airport improvements examined (except for a new runway) the Tiltrotor using SNI operations, provided the greatest benefit.
- In annual delay reduction costs, Tiltrotor would save $700M, a new runway $950M

##  Active Tiltrotor Noise Reduction

- Achieved a 7.0 dB BVI noise reduction from baseline XV-15 blades
- Used closed-loop HHC with blade pressure transducers for feedback
- Follow-on test
- Verify results and expand test conditions
- Microphone mounted on RTA for feedback

**80x120 wind tunnel test **
**of 3 blade XV-15 rotor**

**PI:**  Mark Betzina, Ames Research Center

## XV-15 Open-Loop HHC BVI Noise Reduction

**Mu = 0.150, Tip-Path-Plane Angle = 3 deg., Ct/s = 0.09, Mtip = 0.691**

**PI:**  Khanh Nguen, Ames Research Center

## Noise Abatement Flight Profiles

*** Flight conditions: airspeed (knots) / nacelle angle (degrees)**

**Approach A**

**Approach B**

**PI:**  Bill Decker, Ames Research Center