# Presentation: 693522

## RHIC Detector Upgrades

**BNL Science and Technology Review**
**July 7-9, 2008**

## Evolution of the Experimental Program - II

**From Tom Ludlam’s presentation:**
**Detector Suite:  Upgraded PHENIX and STAR**

_**Measurements for RHIC II Science goals:**_**  **
**Heavy Ion Physics**
**Heavy Flavor **
**- jet **
**Quarkonia**
**Multiparticle correlations**
**Proton Spin**
**W production in 500 GeV p-p**

_**Necessary detector upgrades:**_

## 2008 PAC Recommendations & Associated Upgrades

- DAQ           Vertex           Forward Detectors          Particle ID

**[HBD, TOF]**

**[TOF]**

**[TOF, NCC]**

**[TOF]**

## RHIC Detector Upgrades Projects

**DOE Major Items of Equipment**
**Capital Equipment Projects**
**Non-DOE funded upgrade projects (Japan, China, NSF...)**

## RHIC Detector Upgrades Projects

**DOE Major Items of Equipment**
**STAR Time of Flight (Nearing completion)**
**PHENIX Silicon Vertex VTX (Started June 2007)**
**PHENIX Forward Silicon Vertex (Started April 2008)**
**PHENIX Nose Cone Calorimtr(Awaiting DOE approval)**
**STAR Heavy Flavor Tracker (Awaiting DOE approval)**
**Capital Equipment Projects**
**PHENIX Hadron Blind Detector (Ready Run-9)**
**STAR DAQ1000 (ready Run-9)**
**STAR Forward GEM Tracker (start FY2008)**
**STAR Forward Meson Spectrometer (complete)**
**PHENIX DAQ Improvement (Various)**
**Non-DOE funded upgrade projects **
**(Japan, China, NSF...)**
**STAR Time of Flight (China: nearing completion)**
**PHENIX Muon Tracker (NSF+Japan+France: Started FY2008)**
**PHENIX Silicon Vertex VTX (Japan: Started FY2006)**

## Detector Redundancy
Fine Granularity, Mass Resolution
High Data Rate
Good Particle ID
Limited Acceptance

**Fine Granularity, Mass Resolution**
**High Data Rate**
**Good Particle ID**
**Limited Acceptance**

_**Charged Particle Tracking:**_
**Drift Chamber**
**Pad Chamber**
**Time Expansion Chamber/TRD**
**Cathode Strip Chambers(Mu Tracking)**
_**Particle ID:**_
**Time of Flight (East and West) **
**Ring Imaging Cerenkov Counter**
**TEC/TRD**
**Muon ID (PDT’s)**
**Aerogel Cerenkov Counter**
**Hadron Blind Calorimeter**
_**Calorimetry:**_
**Pb Scintillator**
**Pb Glass**
**Muon Piston Calorimeter**
_**Event Characterization:**_
**Multiplicity Vertex Detector (Si Strip,Pad)**
**Beam-Beam Counter**
**Zero Degree Calorimeter/Shower Max Detector**
**Forward Calorimeter**

_**Charged Particle Tracking:**_
**Drift Chamber**
**Pad Chamber**
**Time Expansion Chamber/TRD**
**Cathode Strip Chambers(Mu Tracking)**
**Forward Muon Trigger Detector (MuTrig)**
**Si Vertex Tracking Detector- Barrel (VTX)**
**Si Vertex Endcap (FVTX)**
_**Particle ID:**_
**Time of Flight **
**Ring Imaging Cerenkov Counter**
**TEC/TRD**
**Muon ID (PDT’s)**
**Aerogel Cerenkov Counter **
**Multi-Resistive Plate Chamber Time of Flight**
**Hadron Blind Detector**** **
_**Calorimetry:**_
**Pb Scintillator**
**Pb Glass**
**Nose Cone Calorimeter (NCC)**
**Muon Piston Calorimeter**
_**Event Characterization:**_
**Beam-Beam Counter**
**Zero Degree Calorimeter/Shower Max Detector**
**Forward Calorimeter**
**Reaction Plane Detector**
_**Data Acquisition:**_
**DAQ Upgrade**** **

**PHENIX Upgrades**

## STAR upgrades

**MRPC ToF barrel**
**Ready for run 10**

**RPSD**

- PMD

- FPD

- FMS

- EMC barrel

- EMC End Cap

**DAQ1000**
**Ready for run 9**

- HFT;           FGT: GEM-layers

- finished

- ongoing

- MTD

- R&D

## MIE: STAR Time of FlightPhysics Motivation

**MIE: STAR Time of Flight****Physics Motivation**

- Identified hadron spectra**combined with TPC dE/dx ****identify p,******** at p****T****=~15 GeV/c**
**Flow and freeze-out dynamics**
**Hadronization mechanism**
**Jet Energy Loss Mechanism **
- Identified particle correlations **Identify >90% of ********K,p at mid-rapidity **
**Chemical and kinetic properties of in-medium jet associated spectra**
**Fluctuations and correlations**** **
- Lepton program **Identify electrons 0.2<p****T****<~3 GeV/c**
**In-medium vector meson properties**
**Heavy flavor**
- Baseline detector for future upgrades **provide powerful PID tools strengthen **
**Muon detector (BNL LDRD) for muon PID **
**HFT for charm and dileptons**** **

**Run8 particle identification, prelim.**

- e

## MIE: STAR Time Of Flight Technologies

**The STAR large-area TOF uses multi-gap RPCs, built and contributed by China (95% complete.)**
**The 23k-channel system is subdivided into 120 trays. Each 192-channel tray contains its complete front-end and read-out electronics, and interface.**
**The electronics are inaccessible during a RHIC Run when the STAR poletip is closed.**

## MIE: STAR Time of Flight Cost, Schedule & Issues

**Schedule:**
**Run 8: 4% installed, preliminary calibration indicates the performance will exceed the design requirement.**
**Run 9: >50% installed (29% delivered to BNL at this time)**
**Run 10: 100% installed**
**Issues:**
**Commissioning the large number of channels, the firmware and the control software. For example: the firmware needs to seamlessly handle single-event upsets and otherwise monitor the integrity of the system.**

**Cost:**

## MIE: PHENIX Silicon Vertex TrackerPhysics Motivation

**MIE: PHENIX Silicon Vertex Tracker****Physics Motivation**

**Measurement of Heavy Flavor production as probe of QGP**
**R****AA****(p****T****) of single electrons from c & b**
**V2(p****T****) of single electron from c & b**
**Jet tomography (h-h, g-h, c-h)**
**Measurement of gluon ********G(x)**
**Measurement of A****LL**** of c and b**
**Measurement of A****LL**** of direct ********+ jet**
**Heavy Flavor tagging and b/c separation requires a good DCA resolution ****	****(s****DCA****~100 mm).**
**Measurement of recoil jets requires a large solid angle coverage**
**For charm / hadron separation requires enhanced goal of 50 mm DCA**

**RHIC II ~10 nb****-1**

**RUN4: PRL98,172301**

## MIE: PHENIX Silicon Vertex TrackerTechnologies 

**MIE: PHENIX Silicon Vertex Tracker****Technologies**

- plane

- z plane

- Strip

**Unique strip sensor (2 layers)**
**       ****	****80mm×1000mm pixel pitch**** **

**Large acceptance**
**	****|**********| <1.2, almost 2******** in **********plane***** ***

**Self tracking capability**
**     ****2 pixel sensor layers (r =   2.5,   5.0cm) **
**     ****2 strip  sensor layers (r = 10.0, 14.0cm)**

**Fine granularity, low occupancy (2 layers)**
**      ****	****50mm×450mm pixel sensor **

- Pixel

**Notes:**
It consists of two type sensors , one is ...

## MIE: PHENIX Silicon Vertex TrackerCost, Schedule and Issues

**Cost:**

**Schedule:**
** ****VTX Project start****	****	****	****	****6/2007**
** ****Pixel ladders assembled****	****	****	****6/2009**
** ****Strip ladders assembled****	****	****	****5/2010**
** ****Project complete****	****	****	****	****9/2010**
**Issues:**
** ****Improve S/N performance of strip sensor**
** ****Assembly of strip read out card difficult due to component density**
** ****Cost of carbon fiber support frames 1.5-2x more than planned**
** ****Project schedule is aggressive **

## MIE: PHENIX Forward Silicon VertexPhysics Motivation

**Precision Charm/Beauty Measurements :**
**Unravel energy loss mechanisms in QGP **
**Provide new channel, new kinematic coverage to study gluon contribution to proton’s spin**
**B********J/********, Drell-Yan, ********’ :**
**First direct beauty measurements**
**Drell-Yan tests Sivers universality**
**New vector meson measurements to understand QGP screening**

## MIE: PHENIX Forward Silicon VertexTechnologies

**Four Layers of silicon mini-strips, covering Muon Arms**
**75 ********m x few mm strips --> clear separation of prompt muons, heavy flavor decays, and ********/K decays**
**Improved dimuon mass resolutions**
**Technology Choices**
**Standard silicon strip technology**
**“****Data-Push” readout chip developed by FNAL**
**PHENIX-DAQ-compatible readout**
**Low mass, rigid mechanical structures**

## MIE: PHENIX Forward Silicon VertexCost, Schedule & Issues

**Total project cost $4.88 M in at-year dollars**
**Manufacturer quotes on most items**
**Risk-based analysis of contingency-->26% overall contingency**
**Scheduled Install into PHENIX Q2 FY11, construction started in April 2008**
**Sensor, chip, readout prototyping FY08 (first wedge assembly this summer)**
**Prototyping completed, Production Procurements mostly complete in FY09**
**Detector assembly, testing in FY10**
**Installation into PHENIX Q2 of FY11**
**Issues**
**FPHX chip development at FNAL**
**Continuing Resolution in FY09 = challenging funding profile**

## MIE: STAR Heavy Flavor Tracker (HFT)Physics Motivation

**STAR detector + HFT are unique:**
** ****- ****Reconstruct Charm- and Bottom-particles directly via hadronic decay in the same detector and at the same time.  **
** ****- Will utilized RHIC-II luminosity for the physics program: QGP properties at RHIC energies.**

- - 200 GeV Au+Au minimum biased collisions (500M MB)
- - Charm collectivity  drag/diffusion constants  ***medium properties! ***

-   Charm RAA ********* energy loss mechanism, e.g. collisional vs. radiative!      ***

- Extend study of baryon-meson anomaly to charm sector by measuring C

## MIE: STAR Heavy Flavor TrackerTechnologies

**Thin 50 mm Si Active Pixel Sensor detector reduce limitation and give 10 mm space point resolution; x/x0 ~ 0.28% per layer**
**Data reduction and formatting on chip**
**Rapid insertion and removal**
**Precision positioning**
**Pointing of TPC tracks provided by existing SSD and new Inner Silicon Tracker (IST) ; 1 layer ~ 1% x/x0.**
**Coverage in |********|<1, matches to 2******** TOF coverage.**

- Test telescope installed at STAR proves viability of pixel concept

## MIE: STAR Heavy Flavor TrackerCost, Schedule & Issues

**Cost: **
**Estimated in range $11-14.5M**
**Schedule:**
**CD-0 review in February 08**
**Technically Driven Milestones**
**CD-1   October 08**
**CD2/3   August 09**
**Installation of engineering prototype   Sept. 10**
**Pixel detector in beam   January 2012**
**IST installed   July 2012**
**Project Complete   FY13**
**Issues:****  **
**Sensor development, Kinematic mount, SSD**
**Mitigated by R+D**
**Critical R&D on APS, precision mechanical structure ongoing, and IST Needs significant funding in 09**
**Timely construction, to take advantage of the development of RHIC-II,  is crucial for the STAR physics program.**

## MIE: PHENIX Nose Cone Calorimeter Physics Motivation

**Jet energy loss & medium properties in heavy ions**
**High p****T**** ********0**** R****AA**** at forward rapidity**
**Direct photons and ********-jet measurements**
**Charmonium suppression studies with ********c**
**Cold nuclear matter in d+Au**
**Initial state physics**
**Gluon saturation at low-x**
**Spin physics in polarized p+p**
******G at low-x (to ~10****-3****) via direct-********and********jet**

- Direct- RAA in Au+Au, error bars for one RHIC-II luminosity run

## MIE: PHENIX Nose Cone CalorimeterTechnologies, Cost, Schedule

|  | FY08 | FY09 | FY10 | FY11 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Funding request | $200K | $1200K | $2100K | $1000K |

**NCC Specs: **
**  ****19 cm thick W-Si sampling calorimeter, 50 cm radius.**
** ****High density: 19.3 g/cm****3****, small Molière radius: 9 mm **
** ****Mounted on the magnet pole tip**
** ****Front face 41 cm from nominal vertex**
** ****3 longitudinal segments (EM1, EM2,HAD)****‏**
** ****Depth 35 X****0**** (1.3 L****int****): (8 + 8 + 19 X****0****)****‏**
** ****2 photon identifiers (PI1, PI2) to resolve single shower π****0****s at (2, 3) X****0**
**Cost:**

**Schedule:**
** ****CERN Test beam of prototype in late Fall**
** ****Awaiting DOE approval**
** ****Installation prior to Run-12**

## Capital Project: STAR DAQ1000 Technologies

**Two upgrades:**
**DAQ1000 TPC Electronics Upgrade**
**STAR DAQ Upgrade (data receivers & processor computers)**
**funded by STAR Cap Eq**
**CERN-ALICE based electronics chips and optical senders & receivers *****(keeps the cost way down!)***
**PASA – analog preamplifier & shaper**
**ALTRO – ADC, storage, digital manipulations**
**SIU – optical data sender card**
**RORC – optical data receiver card**
**Designed for STAR TPC geometry, 2 electronics board types:**
***TPC FEE***** (front-end electronics cards)**
**Built 5200; 32 channels each; preamp, ADC, storage, buffering...**
***TPC RDO***** (readout boards)**
**Built 170; digital multiplexers with optical senders, power, control...**
**Installed 1/24 of the TPC (1 whole sector) in the FY08 physics run and took data continuously **

## Capital Project: STAR DAQ1000 Cost, Schedule and Issues

|  | “DAQ1000” |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| FY06 |  ASICs from CERN
 Prototyping | 810 k$ |
| FY07 |  Final prototypes
 1/24 built+installed (1 TPC sector) – took data in FY08! | 190 k$ |
| FY08 |  Full electronics production
 Optical Senders
 Installation in progress... | 900 k$ |

**Schedule:**
** ****All DAQ1000 Readout Boards received and tested**
** ****DAQ1000 FEEs being received and tested @ ~400 boards/wk. Delivery expected to be complete by early September.**
** ****All DAQ1000 TPC electronics to be installed by Oct 2008. Sectors (24 total) will be    tested as electronics are installed.**
**Issues:**
** ****Commissioning time in Run-9**

**Cost:**

## STAR DAQ1000 + TOF Commissioning in Run-8

- 1/17/2008       Laser event (plus pileup)

- Data from DAQ1000 sector look good

- TPX dE/dx from TOF+TPX events
- DAQ1K at 1000Hz, 5—7% deadtime

**STAR DAQ1000 + TOF Commissioning in Run-8**

## Capital Project/NSF: PHENIX Hadron Blind DetectorPhysics Motivation and Technologies 

**H****B****D:**
**W****indowless CF****4**** Cherenkov detector **
**50 cm radiator length**
**CsI reflective photocathode **
**Triple GEM with pad readout**
**Co****vers 2******** in azimuth. Built in 2 halves.**
**Physics:**
**Study electron continuum in low M****ee**** region**
**Reduce backgrnd from Dalitz & conversions**

## Capital Project/NSF: PHENIX Hadron Blind DetectorSchedule and Status

**Schedule:**
**HBD full scale prototype test RHIC Run-6**
**HBD engineering run RHIC Run-7**
**Readout electronics 2X lower noise performance than spec**
**Gas system ran with high purity CF4 in recirculating mode ( < 3 ppm O****2**** contamination, ~30 ppm H****2****O) **
**Many HV problems reduced active area to ~25% of one half**
**Analysis of the data showed that in the operating sections the HBD performance in background rejection is significant and consistent with the expectations of the performance with the observed photo-electron yield.**
**HBD Physics run RHIC Run-9 + Run-10**
**Status:**
**HBD West is finished.**
**All GEM stacks are simultaneously holding HV higher than required for beam operation.**
**Although sparks happen at the few hour frequency, their rate is dropping after a week.**
**Gas transparency for Cherenkov light:**
**At only 1 lpm recirculation on the bench, HBD west shows 14 ppm of water (w/in spec).**
**HBD East will be ready soon as well**
**Install in PHENIX IR Fall 2008**

## Capital Project: STAR Forward GEM Tracker Physics motivation

**Capital Project: STAR Forward GEM Tracker ****Physics motivation**

**Quark / Anti-Quark Polarization - W production**

- Key signature: High pT lepton (e-/e+) (Max. MW/2) - Selection of W-/W+ : Charge sign discrimination of high pT lepton - STAR FGT
- Required: Lepton/Hadron discrimination - STAR EEMC and FGT

- Full STAR detector W signal and QCD background simulation completed

- +

**-**

## Capital Project: STAR Forward GEM TrackerTechnologies

**Capital Project: STAR Forward GEM Tracker****Technologies**

- Residual [mm]

- Residual: ~60μm

- New WEST support structure

- HFT

- FGT

**GEM Technology development**

## 
Cost:
FGT Capital construction funds: $0.2M (FY08) / $0.95M (FY09) / $0.65M (FY10)
Schedule:
Goal is installation in summer 2010 ⇒ Ready for anticipated first long 500GeV polarized pp run  in FY11 consistent with STAR 5-year Beam Use Request 
Successful review January 2008 / Beginning of construction funds FY08 
R&D and pre-design work: FY07 / FY08
Triple-GEM Detector: Complete prototype tested (Bench and FNAL testbeam)
Front-End Electronics (FEE) System: Complete prototype tested / FEE pre-design completed
Data Acquisition (DAQ) System: Conceptual layout exists based on similar DAQ  with extensive experience (ANL/IUCF): Triple-GEM detector and new support structure
GEM foil development: Successful development of industrially produced GEM foils through SBIR proposal in collaboration with Tech-Etch Inc. (BNL, MIT, Yale): Large GEM foil test
Issues:
Timely funding

**Cost:**
**FGT Capital construction funds: $0.2M (FY08) / $0.95M (FY09) / $0.65M (FY10)**
**Schedule:**
**Goal**** ****is installation in summer 2010 ⇒ Ready for anticipated first long 500GeV polarized pp run  in FY11 consistent with STAR 5-year Beam Use Request**** **
**Successful review January 2008 / Beginning of construction funds FY08**** **
**R&D and pre-design work: FY07 / FY08**
**Triple-GEM Detector: Complete prototype tested (Bench and FNAL testbeam)**
**Front-End Electronics (FEE) System: Complete prototype tested / FEE pre-design completed**
**Data Acquisition (DAQ) System: Conceptual layout exists based on similar DAQ  with extensive experience (ANL/IUCF): Triple-GEM detector and new support structure**
**GEM foil development: Successful development of industrially produced GEM foils through SBIR proposal in collaboration with Tech-Etch Inc. (BNL, MIT, Yale): Large GEM foil test**
**Issues:**
**Timely funding**

**Capital Project: STAR Forward GEM Tracker**
**Cost, Schedule & Issues**

##  NSF/Japan: PHENIX Muon Trigger Physics Motivation 

**Novel Technique to Study Spin Structure**
**      ****Use parity violation of the weak**
**      ****interaction to measure quark and **
**      ****anti-quark spin polarizations in the **
**      ****proton.**
**    ****Large Q****2****~M****2****W****: First Direct Measurement**
**         ******** ****Free of substantial uncertainties**
**             ****in SIDIS experiments at low Q****2**
**         ********Ab initio NLO framework available**
**             ****for the analysis of inclusive lepton**
**             ****asymmetries **

** ****NSF/Japan: PHENIX Muon Trigger ****Physics Motivation**** **

**GRSV-standard**

**GRSV-valence**

**Example: Sensitivity for ****Δ****u(x)**
**  *****GRSV-valence and standard***
***  ******cannot be distinguished from ***
***  ******present SIDIS data !***

**A****L****W******** ****μν****(p****T****)**

- PHENIX sensitivity with
- 300 pb-1 and 1300 pb-1

## NSF/Japan: PHENIX Muon TriggerTechnologies

**        ****MuonTrigger Trigger Electronics**
**Add-on trigger boards to take information**
**   ****from the muTr FEEs and send muTr this**
**   ****to first level muon trigger processors.**
**Successful in situ tests during run 8.**
**Mass production for one arm in progress**
**Team: LANL, Kyoto, KEK, RIKEN, **
**               ****Rikkyo, UNM**
**                **

**CMS RPC technology**
**Add 3 stations of dedicated trigger RPCs to each PHENIX muon arm.**
**Use CMS high rate capability**
**  ****~2kHz/cm****2 **** bakelite RPCs**
**First full scale prototypes currently**
**  ****being assembled at BNL.**
**Team: ACU, BNL, CIAE, Colorado, **
**             ****GSU, ISU, Korea University, **
**             ****Muhlenberg, Nevis, PKU, RBRC, **
**             ****UCR,  UIUC**

**Goal: Increase muon trigger rejection from 200 to about 10000 **
**by adding track/momentum information to LVL1 muon trigger**
**Solution: tracking information from muTr**
**                        ****timing + coarse tracking + ****Θ****-resolution from RPCs**

## NSF/Japan: PHENIX Muon TriggerCost, Schedule and Issues

**Issues:**
** ****Synchronization of p+p 500 GeV RHIC running with availability of MuTrigger **
**  ****RPC budget under pressure from changes in exchange rate changes and inflation **
**    ****for Bakelite(Italy), RPC Gas gaps (Korea) and Detector boxes (China)**

|  | MuTrg Fee | MuTrg RPC |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Budget | $2.6M JSPS | $1.98M NSF-MRI
$0.3M Institutions |  |
| Schedule |  |  |  |
| Shutdown 08 | North 2-3 Stations
South 2 1⁄2 octants | South 2 prototypes |  |
| Shutdown 09 | South all Stations | North RPC 2+3 | North Ready |
| Shutdown 10 | Complete North | South RPC 2+3 | South Ready |
| Shutdown 11 |  | RPC1 North+South | Max Ready |

**Cost and Schedule:**

## BNL Oversight of the Upgrades

**Four levels of Oversight:**
**DOE, BNL, PHENIX/STAR Management, Upgrade detector Project Management**
**Reviews :**
**DOE: Annual Review of RHIC program including upgrades (BNL,PHX/STR)**
**BNL: Annual review of individual upgrade projects (DOE, PHX/STR, Upgrade PM)**
**PHENIX/STAR: Annual internal reviews of upgrades(usually in prep for BNL review) (Upgrade PM)**
**Reporting:**
**DOE: Annual FWP process (BNL, PHX/STR)**
**DOE: Quarterly individual upgrade project report (BNL, PHX/STR, Upgrade PM)**
**DOE: Monthly phone conference with individual upgrade project (BNL, PHX/STR, Upgrade PM)**
**PHENIX/STAR: Regular reporting from upgrades PM to experiment management**
**PHENIX/STAR: Weekly phone conference with upgrades PM**
**Additional:**
**BNL will strengthen involvement with PHX/STR Management oversight of upgrades**
**BNL will participate in PHX/STR internal review of upgrades and overall monitoring of the upgrades projects.**
**Monthly reporting from upgrade PM to PHX/STR Management will also go to BNL Management**
**Evaluate whether BNL can provide additional project management expertise to upgrades: **
**Cost and Schedule tracking**
**Review planning and scheduling **
**Assist in contracts, invoicing, report preparation, scheduling, expediting**

## Conclusion

**Many upgrade projects are near completion, underway or in the planning stage for PHENIX and STAR**
**All upgrades will make important contributions to the RHIC II physics program**
**Heavy Ions ( Heavy Flavor, ********- jet, Quarkonia, Multiparticle correlations...)**
**Proton Spin ( W production in 500 GeV p-p...)**
**The RHIC multi-year run plan has been synchronized with the upgrade project schedules, though uncertainties in RHIC funding and deviations from project schedules means corrections may be need to the RHIC run plan over time**
**PHENIX/STAR, BNL as well as DOE are all committed to the successful completion of the detector upgrade component of RHIC II  **
**The upgrade projects are critical to the continuing vitality of PHENIX and STAR**

## Back Up

## BNL Oversight of the Upgrades

**Project Management**
**Potential benefits of creating a project management team inside of the Physics Department**
**Common oversight of DOE, NSF and capital equipment projects**
**Common approach to reporting, reviews, safety, etc.**
**Single point contact for BNL, PHENIX, STAR**
**Potential to share engineering and accounting resources  **
**Cost and Schedule tracking**
**Review planning and scheduling **
**Assist in contracts, invoicing, report preparation, scheduling, expediting**
**Should include someone with significant experience managing DOE projects**
**Only a few people in BNL Physics Dept with that qualification**

## PHENIX Muon Trigger Fee Review

**PHENIX Review of Muon Trigger Electronics**
**Cheng-Yi Chi, John Haggerty, Mike Leitch, Eric Mannel, Osamu Sasaki**
**November 29, 2007**
** **
**The review committee would like to congratulate the Muon Trigger Electronics group for their clear and thorough **
**PHENIX.  Overall, they made a convincing case that the design is sound, and will not cause significant degradation**
**to the existing muon tracking system and should provide the trigger data crossing by crossing which should allow a **
**momentum dependent trigger decision to be formed.**
** ****The separate AD and TX boards have been well and extensively tested, including tests in the north muon**
**magnet last summer, however the plan presented to combine them into a single board has many advantages**
**including:**
** **
**smaller footprint in the magnet and on front of station 1**
**fewer cables and connections which should increase reliability **
**lower cost, including fewer LV cables running into magnet  and fewer types of boards to build **
**likely better grounding and lower noise **
**	****It would however be prudent to verify these advantages before embarking on a rather large production run of**
**boards.  It should be noted that at the time of this review, the combined AD/TX board prototype was in the final**
**stages of production, so test results, even from bench tests or on the test chamber, were not available.  Noise from the**
**digital and analog grounds on the board, for example, are highly sensitive to the details of the board layout, and so**
**thorough tests on the bench and in a realistic noise environment are critical to success.**
** **
**	****Therefore, we suggest that a full test of two of these new AD/TX boards in the north magnet during run8, with**
**emphasis on verifying the noise performance of the new AD/TX board, be carried out, despite it possibl**
**necessitating rearrangement of the production schedule.**

## PHENIX MuTrigger Fee Review

## MuTrigger Fee Review

**Report excerpt:**
- “We performed a test on February 27 during a maintenance day
- And the following days until March 4. We confirmed that the
- Noise level of the MuTRG-ADTX was indeed as good as the one
- With separated boards.”

**Fee board cooling test as requested**
**By the PHENIX Review committee.**

## ALW Statistical Error vs S/B 

**statistical error on A****L****W**

**Signal/Background**

**muon spectrometer**
**+ trigger upgrade**

**muon spectrometer**
**+ trigger upgrade**
**+ absorber**

- What S/B ratio should we aim at   3:1 is sufficient!

## Pedestal Variation for VTX, SVX4 readout card

**Initial pedestal measurements**
**for 2 Read Out Cards (ROC3) of the**
**VTX strip layers showed a bigger**
**signal spread than expected**
**The ROC3’s hard to assemble.**
**Significant hand assembly was required.   **

## DATA

- Stripixel Detector: Results from Beta source Sr-90

## DATA

- Stripixel Detector: Results from Beta source Sr-90

## DATA

- Stripixel Detector: Results from Beta source Sr-90

- ADC distribution  only in U2R region

- Sum of ADC in X2R and U2R
-  regions after clustering

- Pedestal

- Signal

- Signal

## Adc sum distribution of source MIP candidates

**Maximum of adc sum distribution on U strip when X strip is triggered as source MIP (Same plots as shown in the DOE review)**

## Efficiency of MIP with clustering

**Same plot as in the previous page but in the linear scale.**

**Efficiency = (Signal more than threshold) / (Total signal)**
**Noise fraction = (Pedestal more than threshold) / (Total pedestal)**

##  (July 08 revision)

** ****(July 08 revision)**

## HBD Successes in Run 7:

- The HBD was operated with electrical noise lower than specification by a factor of two allowing for lower gain:
- Target is now 5000X instead of 10000X
- The HBD Gas system and vessel were free of leaks with oxygen levels below 3 ppm.
- The electronics cooling via miniature blowers worked very well providing air cooling (low mass) at higher flow rates than can be achieved with bottled gas.
- The HBD electronics worked flawlessly and never “hung” the DAQ system.
- The offline analysis code worked well and ran in production.
- In the operating sections, the HBD data showed good separation of electrons and hadrons.
- Analysis of the data showed that in the operating sections the HBD performance in background rejection is significant and consistent with the expectations of the performance with the observed photo-electron yield.

## HBD Troubles in Run 7

- Multi-module trips:
- Trips in one module induced trips in other modules at avalanche-V.
- This cross-talk in trips was optical.  Trips of a GEMstack lowered the GEMstack to ground potential.  Although the mesh was tripped at the same time, stored energy in a filter capacitor created bright and damaging sparks whose light signal caused trips in other modules.
- Solution(s):
- During run:  Removed filter capacitor from the mesh chain and tuned RC circuits bringing the mesh and grid to ground at the same rate.
- Retro-fit:  New HV distribution boards were also include back-to-back HV Zener diodes physically preventing large mesh-GEM potential differences.  Also the HBD entrance window had black kapton added to reduce reflected UV light.
- Excessive damage during sparks:
- Sparks during the run damaged GEMs in a manner and extent not seen in beam tests.
- Mesh-GEM sparks did not occur on the bench since Mesh & GEM were run by a single HV Power supply.
- LeCroy 1471 modules have been found to have a firmware flaw that re-asserts HV for a brief period following a trip forcing amplification of the charge released during the mesh-GEM spark.
- Solution(s):
- A follow-on HV Relay board has been made for the 1471 power supplies that physically disconnects the supply from the detector.

## Continued

- Excessive frequency of sparks
- During Run 7, the tuned RC chains significantly reduced, but did not eliminate discharges.  The discharges were later related to insufficiently clean conditions in the glovebox used for assembly.
- Solution:
- Dust conditions in the Stony Brook glove box used after CsI evaporation have been improved dramatically via the installation of an ULPA vacuum cleaner in the glove box used to continually police the operating areas and prevent long term dust buildup in the closed GB environment.
- The new design of the HV chain improves charge extraction from the GEM holes and thereby increases effective gain of the GEMstack allowing further reduction in the operating voltage.
- Water contamination in HBD
- Initial indications of water levels in the HBD were masked by a water meter that gradually failed in the presence of CF4.
- Transmission measurements showed water at the level of 20-40 ppm, limiting UV transparency and reducing Cherenkov light.
- Solution:
- The HBD vessel was “baked” in the SB glove box by heating rather than cooling the heat exchange thereby forcing water out of the detector body into the glovebox purifiers.
- The HBD entrance window was rebuilt with a black kapton layer.
- Reworked PHENIX gas system to double recirculation capacity.

## Continued

- Lower than expected light yield:
- 14 photo-electron was below the expectation.  Although analysis of the Run7 data show that this is indeed sufficient for physics running understanding is required and correction is desired where possible:
- Measurements of absolute light collection from a triggered scintillation light source were used to establish the GEMstack photo-performance.
- Results:
- Photo-electron yield is independent of detector gain in the reasonable gain range. (understanding)
- Photo-electron yield is only slightly lowered from vacuum levels by the presence of avalanche gas. (understanding)
- Photo-electron yield can be improved by 10-20% by running the mesh voltage closer to the GEM voltage. (correction).

## Slide 52

## Slide 53