# Presentation: 826582

## Session 1 Introduction

- What are the goals of the electronic serials cataloging course?
- What are the basic tools, standards and resources for cataloging e-serials?
- What kinds of e-serials are libraries dealing with?
- What are the differences between serials and integrating resources?

**Notes:**

Object:
The object of this session is to introduce the goals of the online serials cataloging course.  It will describe characteristics of online serials and talk about the need for creating records for them. It will discuss some of the tools and terminology for cataloging e-serials.

Warm Up Exercises
Ask class to describe some of the online serials they have encountered at their institution.  How many in the class deal with aggregator packages? List the names of some of the packages. How many are involved with cataloging locally produced online serials for digital library projects?  What other sorts of online serials are attendees dealing with? 

References
The Instructor is advised to review the following:
CCM Module 31

##  Goals of the course	

- Outline basic terminology, techniques, tools and problem solving approaches
- Give attendees practice creating catalog records for a variety of electronic serials
- Explore the problems of multiple electronic versions

**Notes:**
Outline basic techniques, tools and problem solving approaches to cataloging e-serials.  
	Use of AACR2 and MARC 21 to create records for online serials is one of several approaches to handling e-serials.  The course will focus on this approach however and point out where it is most appropriately used

Give attendees practice creating catalog records for a variety of electronic serials.
	-Most sessions have practice exercises in the attendee handbook.  	-Some of the answers to these reflect one of several possible ways of using AACR2 to create the record

Explore the problems of multiple electronic versions.
-Discuss ways to handle serials included in “aggregator databases” and other types of electronic reproductions

##  Goals, continued	

- Discuss common problems in cataloging online serials
-  Look at trends in e-serial cataloging

**Notes:**

Discuss common problems encountered in cataloging online serials.
-Including selecting the chief source, recording unusual designations
Look at trends in e-serials cataloging. 

## Goals for participants

- Practice creating original records for online serials
- Learn various techniques for handling online versions of print serials
- Share your experience with cataloging online serials
- Discuss problems and unique situations from home

**Notes:**
The instructor can ask the class if they have goals or particular interests other than what’s listed on the slide. These can be listed on a flip chart to make sure they are covered or otherwise addressed during the session.

## Tools and resources

- AACR2 & Library of Congress Rule Interpretations (LCRIs)
- MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data
- CONSER documentation
- CONSER Cataloging Manual, Module 31
- http://www.loc.gov/acq/conser/module31.html
- CONSER Editing Guide
- CONSER Standard Record
- http://www.loc.gov/acq/conser/issues.html#standard-rec

**Notes:**
 The appendices contain workforms and guides to fixed field coding for completing the exercises.

## Types of online serials

- “Born digital” e-serials -- originally published online
- May later appear in cumulated print format
- Reproductions, republications, simultaneous editions of print titles
- Issued by original print publisher, a contracted third party or as part of a digital library project

**Notes:**
Types of electronic serials selected and cataloged by libraries include (but are not limited to!):

Scholarly online serials which provide a means of self publishing and access to preprint manuscripts. Often “born digital” originally appearing on the Web, sometimes later issued in print (related versions such as print are secondary to the online version.) These may not contain traditional volume and issue numbering- sometimes the only designation available is the numbering on individual articles. 
Digitized versions of serials
 scholarly titles included in aggregator databases or indexes
 popular or commercial magazines 

## Types of online serials, continued

- Titles that are part of a database of aggregated titles
- May vary in completeness of reproduction and coverage of issues
- May be predominant type of e-serial that libraries purchase and need to control
- CONSER and OCLC guidelines cataloging serials in multiple packages in session 2.

**Notes:**

The term “aggregator database” refers to the packaging of a large number of digitized titles into a searchable database.  The content and characteristics of such packages vary widely but for serials it has meant that there is a great deal of overlap in titles contained in these products and differences in the extent of available issues among them.  Utilities, such as OCLC often show a wide range of treatment for a single title covered by several aggregator databases. In some cases a single record has been used to list URLs of all the aggregators that cover the title, in other cases, under earlier CONSER policies separate records have been created.

CONSER and OCLC have developed guidelines for the retention/creation of one record to represent all online versions of a title with a separate record for the print. Database clean-up has begun on OCLC to change or delete fields referred to specific aggregators. Field by field guidelines for record content will be covered in Session 2. 
Information about these efforts, referred to as “The Aggregator-Neutral Record” or "Option B Plus" are available on the CONSER Website

Can anyone in the class mention other types of e-serials?  Newspapers? ‘Zines or E-zines? Overlay journals? Government serials?

## Resource discovery methods and control

- How do libraries provide access to electronic resources?
- Institutional gateways to Web based resources
- Lists and menus that provide access to serials
- Subscription products and services
- OPAC** **record with links to the resources and services

**Notes:**
Resource discovery: using various methods to identify, distinguish (from similar resources) and retrieve a bibliographic resource. Control: assuring that library users have access to a resource in a larger sense. Making sure its retrievable (as with a catalog record or access through a library page or bibliography) and available (its paid for, passwords work, IP access works).

Libraries provide access to electronic resources in several ways. Access may be provided through institutional Web gateways, homepages, or digital library projects.  These might include access to free Web resources organized in topical lists. They may also include subscription products available through a commercial service or database provider. Sometimes access is available through connections between these resources and  records in a library OPAC where searching by controlled index terms and relationships to related bibliographic resources can be seen. In other cases they are simply available through an institutional Web page where access is controlled through “domain” recognition or password.  
Further explanation: Domain recognition refers to the identification of a valid user IP [Internet Protocol] address as the user attempts to access a resource.  If the user’s IP address isn’t valid (e.g. they haven’t paid for a subscription or their IP address hasn’t been added to the provider’s list of valid IP addresses) the user’s access is blocked.  Another method of controlling access to a paid subscription resource is to require the use of a valid password.

## Resource discovery and control, continued

- Metadata standards that promote the embedding of description and search terms in the resource itself
- Search engines can more effectively find the resource
- Some metadata schemes are designed to fit a particular type of resource or audience

**Notes:**
A number of metadata standards have been developed to facilitate access to online resources.  Libraries use these in digital library projects to enhance access to resources or to create Web based finding aids for digitized collections. 

Many metadata standards serve specific types of resources and audiences. Encoded archival description (EAD) and variations of it for example has been used to create finding aids for archival material in many digital library projects.  These finding aids provide a standardized description of the material which meet resource discovery requirements much more effectively than traditional MARC cataloging records.
Other metadata schemes--Dublin Core for example, have been developed with the idea of embedding a standardized description within the resource itself. This would enhance the ability of Internet search engines in resource discovery.

While there are many notable projects making use of embedded metadata across the wide range of the Web, use of metadata to enhance search engine retrieval is uneven, since its up to the creator to include metadata in creation of Web documents.  

## Why catalog them with AACR2 and MARC 21?

- Provide access to all versions of a bibliographic resource in the OPAC
- Including cases where format changes from print to online only
- Resource Discovery: Controlled vocabulary and MARC 21 content designation for *selected  *Internet resources
- OPAC can reflect licensed/fee-based library acquisitions

**Notes:**
It’s likely an institution will use a variety of methods to provide access to online resources. Creating an OPAC record using AACR2 and the MARC 21 format is just one more approach and probably best aimed at selected resources.
Providing records for an online version of a resource in the OPAC can be helpful if existing print versions, microform versions, or CD-ROM versions have been cataloged.  All versions are brought to the users attention while searching the OPAC. When a paper serial changes to online only format, a new record is called for in AACR2 and these can also be linked in the OPAC.
Resource discovery in the OPAC is enhanced with controlled vocabulary and MARC 21 content designation. While Internet search engines are becoming more efficient (and they are powerful!), careful selection and subject analysis for certain resources is still appropriate.  
Since many Internet acquisitions are fee based, it’s appropriate to create records for them as with other library acquisitions, this usually includes an OPAC record.

## A serial is:

- “A continuing resource issued in a succession of discrete parts, usually bearing numbering, that has no predetermined conclusion.  Examples of serials include journals, magazines, electronic journals, continuing directories, annual reports, newspapers, and monographic series.”

**Notes:**
One of the first decisions the cataloger needs to make is what type of bibliographic resource is being cataloged.
The definition of a serial has changed only slightly: it now says that a serial “usually” bears numbering to include unnumbered monographic series. 
The rules for serials and integrating resources are both given in chapter 12, as continuing resources. 
The basis of description for a serial is still the first or earliest part available.

## An integrating resource is:

- “A bibliographic resource that is added to or changed by means of updates that do not remain discrete and are integrated into the whole.  Examples of integrating resources include updating loose-leafs and updating Web sites.”

## Going digital

- An online version of a print serial or other physical format serial that does not retain separate discrete parts or issues in online format, would be cataloged as an integrating resource

**Notes:**
The following slides show an example of a serial published in print or CD-ROM format is digitized for the Web and is not issued in discrete parts or issues in its online format would be cataloged as an integrating resource but could be linked to the record for the related physical format version. 

## Serial in print format

- International Directory
-  of
- Primatology
- 1st ed
- Wisconsin Primate Research Center
- Madison, Wis.

**Notes:**
Example of a serial, an annual directory in paper format. Its cataloged as a serial.

## Database in online format

- Primate info net
- Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center

- International Directory of Primatology
- _About IDP _
- _Search IDP_
- _Create or revise an entry_
- Table of Contents
- _Organizations_
- _Field studies__ _

- Part of...

**Notes:**
In online format, the directory is a database.  It provides a  search interface for two primatology related databases (people, organizations, field studies descriptions and more).  The databases are called “Organizations” and “Field Studies”, seen at the bottom of the slide. It also provides  a form for adding new entries to the database.

In the online format, this would be cataloged as an integrating resource, since there are no discrete issues available.  The user searches this online database and retrieves records which provide information about a particular person or organization.  New records are added on a continuous basis.

Currently records for integrating resources are created in the computer file or books formats (depending on the appropriate type of record code for the resource), at bibliographic level “m.” The example in the slide is a language resource and would be coded type of record code “a” and bibliographic level “m,” which generates the books format fixed field in OCLC. Sometime after the implementation of  MARC 21 bibliographic level code “i” in OCLC integrating resources will be cataloged using the continuing resource 008– (which was earlier called the serial 008). Use of the code i will identify them as integrating resources while the continuing resources 008 will provides for coding entry convention, frequency, type of continuing resource, and form of original item to be coded. Note that code “i” has been implemented in RLIN, so this approach could be used in that utility now.  

## Example - a Web site

- Most Web sites are integrating resources

**Notes:**
This Web site is updated frequently with news and information about World Wide Web standards.  It provides access to a growing number of resources produced by the World Wide Web Consortium (including serials or monographs that could conceivably be cataloged separately). 

 The organization’s Web site does not meet the definition of a serial, but would be cataloged as an integrating resource using chapters 9 and 12 of AACR2.

## Example - an online serial

**Notes:**
Academic oriented online journal. This example was “born digital” no print version as yet. Issues are clearly designated. This is a screen shot from a table of contents screen where access is given to the contents of each issue by a given year.

## Issue of CIT Infobits

**Notes:**
Screen shot of an individual issue. Note designation for the issue, ISSN, and some bibliographic information can be seen on this page. [This particular example is similar to a paper publication that has a caption title: the first page or screen contains all the articles, the title is given at the top.] 

## Summary

- Chief goal of the workshop is to develop skills in cataloging online serials
- Online serials display a wide array of characteristics
- The revised chapter 12 of AACR2 covers both serials and integrating resources

## Exercises

## Conservation Ecology – Serial??

- Yes, this is a serial.  Even though articles are added continuously to issues, a complete numbered and dated issue is released twice a year.

## Conservation ecology’s record

**Type:  a  ELvl:    Srce: d  GPub:     Ctrl:    Lang:  eng**
**BLvl:  s  Form: s  Conf:    Freq:     MRec:    Ctry:  onc**
**S/L:   0  Orig:    EntW:    Regl:     Alph:  a**
**Desc:  a  SrTp: p  Cont:    DtSt:  c  Dates: 1997,9999 **
**006 ****	****[m        d        ]**** **
**007    c $b r**
**022    1195-5449 **
**043    n------ **
**050 14 QH75.A1 $b C673 **
**245 00 Conservation ecology $h [electronic resource]. **
**260    Ottawa, Ont. : $b Ecological Society of America  **
**310    Semiannual **
**362 1  Began with v. 1, issue 1 (June 15, 1997). **
**500    Description based on v. 1, issue 1 (June 15, 1997);**
**	****	****title from title screen (viewed Mar. 30, 1999).**

**CSR style**

## Conservation ecology, continued

**	****(viewed Mar. 30, 1999).**
**515    Articles are published continuously on the**
**	****Internet in an "Issue in Progress" which is declared,**
**       ****every 6 mos., as a "New Issue". **
**650  0 Conservation biology $v Periodicals. **
**650  0 Ecosystem management $v Periodicals. **
**650  0 Ecological assessment (Biology) $v Periodicals. **
**650  0 Applied ecology $v Periodicals. **
**650  0 Nature conservation $v Periodicals. **
**710 2  Ecological Society of America. **
**856 40 $u http://www.consecol.org/Journal/**

**Conservation ecology, continued**

## Xtreme Scholar – Serial??

- Yes, this is a serial.  There’s a designated archive page indicating this is the first issue.

## Xtreme Scholar – Serial??

**Type:  a   ELvl:  7   Srce:  d   GPub:      Ctrl:      Lang:  eng**
**BLvl:  s   Form:  s   Conf:  0   Freq:  t   MRec:      Ctry:  cau**
**S/L:   0   Orig:  s   EntW:      Regl:  r   Alph:  **
**Desc:  a   SrTp:  p   Cont:      DtSt:  c   Dates: 2000,9999 **
**006     [m        d        ]**
**007     c $b r $d c $e n **
**037     $b Pepperdine University, 400 Corporate Pointe, Culver **
**	****	**** ****City, CA, 90062 **
**245 00  Xtreme scholar $h [electronic resource]. **
**260     Culver City, Calif. : $b Pepperdine University, $c c2000- **
**310     Three no. a year **
**362 0   1st issue- **
**500     Title from title graphic (viewed on Nov. 16, 2000). **
**516     HTML, pdf, Macromedia Flash (electronic journal) **
**538     Mode of access: World Wide Web. **
**710 2   Pepperdine University. **
**856 40  $u ****	****http://www.pc.cc.ca.us/meredith/Pepperdine/XtremeScholar/**
**	****	****Default.htm **
**856 02  $u mailto:tflynn@pepperdine.edu**** **

**AAC2 style**

**Notes:**
Because there is a designated archive page with an indication that this is the first issue, we can assume there will be future issues.

## Online Journalism Review – a Serial?

**Type:  a   ELvl:  7   Srce:  d   GPub:      Ctrl:      Lang:  eng**
**BLvl:  s   Form:  s   Conf:  0   Freq:  w   MRec:      Ctry:  cau**
**S/L:   0   Orig:  s   EntW:      Regl:  r   Alph:   **
**Desc:  a   SrTp:  p   Cont:      DtSt:  c   Dates: 1998,9999 **
**006    [m        d        ] **
**007    c $b r $d c $e n **
**245 00 Online journalism review $h [electronic resource] : $b OJR. **
**246 13 OJRNewsletter **
**246 3  OJR newsletter **
**246 30 OJR **
**260    Los Angeles, Calif. : $b USC Annenberg School for Communication**
**310    Weekly **
**362 1  Began in 1998. **
**500    Description based on: June 23, 1998; title from title screen (viewed on Jan. 22, 1999). **
**516    Text email and HTML Web documents (electronic journal) **
**538    Mode of access: email and World Wide Web. **
**710 2  Annenberg School of Communications (University of Southern California) **
**856 40 $u http://www.ojr.org **
**856 00 $u mailto:listproc@usc.edu $i subscribe OJRNews-L**** **

_**Maybe**_

**AAC2 style**

**Notes:**
Answer: Yes and No.  Here is a partial record from OCLC which shows treatment as a serial. In this case, the title source has been given rather vaguely as “title screen.” The site refers to itself as an “Web-based journal”.  It might be possible to consider the date-designated articles to demonstrate seriality. They are issued as successive parts and have numbering.  On the other hand, they are really only a part of a much larger site with many features.  All features, articles etc. added to the site much the way other Web sites treated as integrating resources are.