# Presentation: 494817

## The Data Modeling Challenge for Large-scale Integrated Facilities Operations

- David P. Chassin
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- ASHRAE Summer 2001

## Overview

- Discuss differences between design/construction models and facilities & operations data models
- Discuss examples of F&O models
- Discuss some long term issues

## Stated Long Term Goal: Life Cycle Data Model

- Design

- Construction

- Operations

- Time

## What is Data Modeling Anyway?

***Data modeling is the process of deciding how you organize information about things so that you can apply an algorithm to the information in a computational efficient manner such that you get more information about those things than you had before.***

- Question:
- 	If design algorithms are fundamentally different from operations algorithms, then shouldn’t the models also be fundamentally different?

## Operations Data Is Unlike Facilities Data

- Facilities data: relationships as important as content
- High value information in relationships between objects
- Time series rare (e.g., revisions, simulation, accounting)
- Operations data is time-series intensive
- Very large sequential data sets about relative few things
- Many types of time-series
- High value information in sequence
- Design and construction data not usually relevant

## What Do Facilities/Operations Systems Do?

- Single Portal for many facility operations functions
- Services: repairs, scheduling, access, moves, assets
- Resources: managers, buildings, uses, emergencies, crafts, maps, learning, space allocation, capital, conservation
- Organizational: staff, offices, programs
- Analysis and Control: setups, tune-ups, monitoring, diags
- Others: training, planning, procedures, operations, security
- A unified system is at best an illusion

## Example: The Performance Monitoring System

**Example: The Performance Monitoring System**

- Bi-daily

- Meters

- FRD

- XLS

- Daily

- FRD

- User

- WBD

- Daily

- Loggers

- ASP

- ASP

- HUD

- PFRD

- HTML

- XML

- Second

- Sensors

- XML

- Minute

- EMCS

- Minute

- WBD

- Hourly

- Hourly

- XLS

- Daily

- ASP

- ASP

- Clerk

- FIN

- Bi-weekly

- Bills

- Monthly

***Husker ***

***Pfred ***

***IRM ***

***Aput***

***Fando ***

***Tahoe***

***RTD***

## How Does It Happen?

- Four step process
- Gather data
- Condition data
- Analyze data
- Deliver data
- Real-time data management headache
- No standards for data structure
- No conventions for naming
- No common method for time-series aggregation

## Gathering Data

- By hand
- Monthly billing and accounting (monthly, biweekly)
- Hand read meters (~monthly)
- Automated meters and loggers
- Services (electric, gas, water) and sub-metering (hourly)
- Campus, buildings, and devices (hourly, daily)
- EMCS
- Equipment control details (minute, hourly)

## Data Conditioning

- Range checking and validation
- Integration of time-series
- Minutes->hours->days->months
- Conditional integration
- Others issues:
- Mapping data models, systems, and platforms
- Proxies for missing data
- Maintenance of operations, scripts, systems, servers
- Differential vs accumulated data

## Data Analysis

- Accounting calculations
- Mostly monthly or biweekly
- Often joined with consumption data
- Trending and monitoring
- Typically based on meters
- Some EMCS-based monitoring
- Diagnostics
- Almost all based on EMCS data

## Data Delivery

- Legacy applications
- Metering
- Utility billing
- Diagnosticians
- Web-based
- Periodically updated HTML pages and forms
- ASP
- XML

## Data Collection and Conditioning

- EMCS

*Lessons:*
- No uniform time model
- Transformations are application specific
- Online processing
- Offers some relief
- Difficult to set up
- Few programmers

## Take Away Message

- Gloom and doom?
- Don’t expect a standard F&O model any time soon
- Products out are very data intensive
- Every facility system is a custom job
- Models and methods of tightly coupled
- Doing it right is very expensive
- On the bright side...
- People are thinking about how to do it better
- F&O systems can provide a big productivity advantage

## Questions and Discussion