# Presentation: 222533

##  Using Videos to Assist in NAFTA Truck Inspections

- Mary Boyer
**Chief, Training & Compliance Assistance Branch**
- Enforcement Division, Air Resources Board
- California Environmental Protection Agency

## Background

**North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)**
- Started in 1990 by President George H.W. Bush and Mexican President Carlos Salinas
- Adopted by Congress in 1993 and signed by President William J. Clinton
- Became effective January 1, 1994
- Upheld by U.S. Supreme Court in June 2004
- Supported by President George W. Bush

## Background

**Commercial trucks enter the California from Mexico:**
- Aldonis
- Calexico
- Tecate
- Otay Mesa
- Via Adjoining States (Texas, New Mexico & Arizona)
- Trucks Enter California from Canada via I-5 & I-80

## The Problem

**Increased trade means increased commercial trucking from Mexico and Canada**
- Increased Diesel Exhaust
- Visibility Issues
- Decreased Lung Function
- Increased Cancer Risk

## The Numbers

**Mexican fleet is older than U.S. Fleet**
**66% of the Mexican fleet pre 1993 model year HDDEs**
**25% of the Mexican fleet pre 1980 model year HDDEs**
**Mexican diesel engine emission standards were aligned with U.S. EPA standards for the 1994 - 2003 MYs**
**Mexico has not revised its emission standards to reflect recent U.S. standards**
- U.S. standards require 50% reduction is NOx for 2004 - 2007 engines
- U.S. requires a 90% reduction in NOx and PM for 2007 and subsequent MY engines

## California Issues

**Trucks & Busses represent only 2% of on-road vehicles in California but contribute about 30% of NOx emissions that contribute to brown haze.**
**Trucks & Busses also emit about 65% of the VOC and fine particulate matter (soot) within California.**
**ARB Identified diesel exhaust as a Toxic Air Contaminant (TAC) in 1998.**
**California trucks  & Busses use particulate traps and low sulfur fuels, incoming trucks & busses may not.**
**California residents object to visible emissions from diesel exhaust**

## What ARB is Doing

**NAFTA permits truck inspections on foreign trucks**
- Heavy Duty Vehicle Inspection Program (HDVIP)
- Periodic Smoke Inspection Program for fleet vehicles.
- Strike Force activity
**Outreach Video **
- Details ARB Programs
- Produced to Inform Public and other Governmental Entities of Program

## NAFTA Video

**NAFTA Video Presented Here**

## What effect has the Video had

**Where you can find a copy:**
- ftp://ftp.arb.ca.gov/carbis/videos/hdvip/poe.wmv
**DVD distribution:**
- ARB Field Representatives
- CHP Officers
- Trucking Firms
- Border Control
**Over 1200 website hits & over 50 downloads since posted**

## Additional Training & Compliance Assistance  Programs

## The Problem

**Industry - Rules not clearly understood**
**Air Districts **
- Insufficient technical information
- High turnover of experienced inspectors to private sector
- CARB audits of districts showed unequalenforcement practices
**Concern that agencies would become dependent on training provided by regulated industry**
**Overall - Poor communication**

## The Solution

**The Solution**

**Create standardized curriculum**
**Improve knowledge levels of both government and private industry environmental personnel **
**Promote standardized enforcement practices**
**Assist industry in understanding enforcement practices of agencies**
**Increase compliance**
**Reduce emissions**
**Help to create**** ****a “level playing field”**

## The Audience (Who Benefits?)

**The Audience (Who Benefits?)**

**Local District Inspectors **
**CARB enforcement staff**
**Environmental professionals from industry**
**USEPA enforcement staff**
**Military environmental compliance personnel**
**Environmental enforcement and regulatory staff from other states**
**Environmental compliance personnel from American Indian Tribes**

## Compliance Assistance Program (CAP) Publications (*Delivered Since 2003)

**Compliance Assistance Program (CAP) Publications ****(*Delivered Since 2003)**

***8,500**

***2,800**

***7,000**

***26,000**

**Notes:**
 In calendar year 2004 CAS staff:
·        Distributed 10,874 copies of publications: 2,676 Technical Manuals (including interactive and archival CDs), 7,038 Handbooks, and 1,160 Pamphlets.

## Objectives of CAP Publications

**Objectives of CAP Publications**

**Describe processes**
**Identify emissions**
**Clarify rule requirements**
**Identify compliance issues**
**Explain inspections**
**Promote greater compliance**

**Notes:**
 In calendar year 2004 CAS staff:
·        Distributed 10,874 copies of publications: 2,676 Technical Manuals (including interactive and archival CDs), 7,038 Handbooks, and 1,160 Pamphlets.

## Four Levels of Air Pollution Training

**100 Series**
**Visible Emission Evaluation**
- 3-day smoke school
- Day & night certification
**Basic & introductory training**
- 100 series courses
- 5 days
**200 Series**
- Advanced training
- 37 1-day courses (4-day packages)
**300 Series **
- Cross Media Enforcement Symposium
- 4-day symposium with trade show 14 multi-day sessions
**400 Series**
- 1 multi-day advanced training
- 1 industry certification course

## Smoke Opacity Training

## Enforcement SymposiumCross-Media Training

**Highlights cross-media enforcement procedures for local, state, and federal environmental agencies**
**Provides forum for Cal/EPA staff to forge partnerships with industry and interface with related agencies**
**Lectures, panel discussions, mock criminal environmental case**

## Summary

**On-road heavy-duty diesel vehicles produce a disproportionate amount of NOx and Particulates (PM 2.5) **
**ARB administers numerous programs to reduce  emissions from these vehicles including outreach in the form a video DVD**
**ARB also offers many publications and training opportunities to help regulators as well as the regulated public**
**Programs are cost-effective and achieve significant emissions reductions**
**Programs have become models for national and ****international programs**

## Web Resources

**www.arb.ca.gov/enf/enf.htm**

## Web Resources Cont.

**http://www.arb.ca.gov/training/training.htm**

## Questions?