# Presentation: 218556

## General Emergency Services

- Developed as part of the National Emergency Services Curriculum Project

**Notes:**
This is the first class that any member planning to be involved in CAP Emergency Services (ES) Operations should take.  It is geared for the entry level personnel primarily, but also discusses hot topics in ES that all members need to know about who will work ES missions.

Upon completion of this course, students should take the CAPT 116.  Once a member has passed the current CAPT 116, they are considered 101 qualified in the GES specialty qualification, and can then continue on to receive training in other specialties as outlined on the appropriate CAPF 101Ts.

This course is expected to take 3 to six hours including written examinations and question and answer periods.

## CAP ES Missions

- Search and Rescue (ground and air)
- Disaster Relief
- Reconnaissance
- Counterdrug
- Transportation

**Notes:**
CAP has a variety of ES missions that it is involved in.  CAP is primarily known for it’s aviation Search And Rescue (SAR) capability, but we also routinely are involved in several other areas.  During disasters CAP members are often called out to provide communications or mission management support, establish shelters in heavily damaged areas, transport specialty teams or government officials to disaster sites, or take overhead photos of damage done by storms or other calamities.

CAP participates in the War on Drugs in the US as well through it’s Counterdrug program.  Using the skills learned to support search and rescue and disaster relief operations, our aircrews routinely fly spotting missions to locate drug plots and clandestine airfields, and our crews also transport DEA and Customs agents along with many other law enforcement personnel when requested.  Remember though that CAP does not actively participate in law enforcement matters like detention and surveillance, and is normally not doing anything that normal citizens couldn’t do, we’re just organized.

## CAP ES Missions Continued

- MOUs
- State & Local Emergency Management Agencies
- Federal Emergency Management Agency
- Red Cross
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin.
- US Coast Guard Auxiliary
- U.S. Customs
- ...

**Notes:**
CAP routinely works with many agencies throughout the United States.  The main players in the ES arena are listed above, but we have many others at the national level, never mind several hundred at the local level.

These MOUs tell us the requirements for both agencies when working joint operations including things like contact information for resources, reimbursement procedures, and liability coverage.

## CAP ES Missions Continued

- Three areas of qualification
- Ground and Urban Direction Finding Teams
- Ground Team Leader
- Ground Team Member
- Urban DF Team
- Aircrews
- Scanner
- Observer
- Mission Pilot

**Notes:**
CAP personnel participating in ES operations primarily fall into three categories: Ground & Urban DF Teams, Aircrews, and Mission Base Staff.  Not every position is required for every mission, but these are the areas that you can train to support our efforts in.

Also,if any of you have any specialty skills that you are bringing to the table early on like training in Critical Incident Stress Management, Collapse Rescue, or other useful areas let your unit ES staff know so that they can pursue getting that technical specialty added on to your 101 card as well and get you listed as a resource in that area.

It takes several personnel to make every mission happen, and the requirements vary depending on the type and depth of the mission. 

Each of these specialties has requirements for training and qualification as they have specific job requirements.  These are outlined in our emergency services regulations

## CAP ES Missions Continued

- Mission Base Personnel

- Incident Commander
- Liaison Officer
- Mission Chaplain
- Information Officer
- Safety Officer
- Operations Section Chief
- Air Operations Branch Director

- Ground Branch Director
- Planning Section Chief
- Logistics Section Chief
- Finance / Admin Section Chief
- Flight Line Supervisor
- Communications Unit Leader
- Mission Staff Assistant
- ...

**Notes:**
See notes on previous slide.

## CAP ES Qualification

- General ES Course
- CAPF 100
- CAPF 101
- CAPF 101T for other specialties
- Can train for three concurrently
- Mission Staff Assistant is the recommended qualification to move into from here for those without a planned track

**Notes:**
To get involved in our missions, the first thing that you need to do is complete this course, including the final exam (CAPT 116).

Once you have successfully completed this course, you can apply for your GES qualification on a CAPF 100.  These are available at your local unit as well as online, and samples of how to complete a CAPF 100 are found in CAPR 60-4, Volume II.

Once that is done, your local unit can issue you your first CAPF 101, the “101 card”, with your GES specialty annotated.

Once you have your 101 card you can participate in missions.  Your 101 card is basically your license to learn.  With your new 101 card you can apply (again on a CAPF 100) to train in up to three different additional specialties concurrently by requesting CAPF 101Ts for the specialties you want to train for.  If you don’t have a track in mind we recommend that you start off training for the Mission Staff Assistant position as this will allow you to experience many areas of the mission, and see other things that you might be interested in while also supporting critical areas of the mission.

As an additional note it is advisable that each member keep copies of their own qualification documentation.  Members routinely move, and not always to a neighboring unit, and you will want to transfer your qualifications.  That requires documentation, and just in case there is confusion in your leaving, you should keep copies of it.  Never mind that there is always the possibility that your files will get lost or damaged, and it is always a good idea to have a backup.

## Mission Team Activation

- Agency
- Using notification roster
- CAP Wing
- Using wing notification roster/pager/web/
-  Mission qualified wing members

**Notes:**
CAP does not just activate itself.  It is called upon by a lead agency to run missions.  

Each wing decides who will be it’s primary personnel deciding whether or not the wing can support the mission.  The contact information for those personnel is provided to our lead agencies, normally on a quarterly basis.  The lead agencies then use this list to call upon the wing for support as necessary.

The wing also keeps a complete roster of emergency services resources that are available for use.  When the lead agency calls, the point of contact for the wing, normally an alerting officer, contacts the appropriate resources to get the mission accomplished.  These resources include not only aircraft and equipment, but also mission qualified personnel.  In accordance with CAPR 60-3, only qualified personnel or supervised trainees can be used on CAP ES Missions.

## Sign-In at Mission Base

- Individual qualifications need to be known to mission planners, and thus personnel are normally requested individually to participate
- Sign-in confers FECA/FTCA coverage
- Personnel and vehicles will be logged on the ICS Forms 211 and 218 respectively with incoming team or aircrew paperwork
- Personnel need to be sure that they are recorded on the Unit Log by the assigned supervisor on the ICS Form 214
- Further assignment at sign-in

**Notes:**
Personnel are normally hand picked to participate in missions based on the skills required to accomplish the mission.

Each member participating in ES missions must be logged in to receive credit towards their training and qualification, and to also receive FECA and FTCA coverage.  ES personnel are required to participate in missions in the areas of their qualification once every 24 months to maintain qualification as outlined in Attachment 4 to CAPR 60-3.  Mission personnel also must be approved to be on missions, indicated by the approval of assignment or signing in, to get Federal Employee Compensation Act and Federal Torts Claim Act coverage.  Members over the age of 18 or their heirs are eligible for compensation should you on the slim chance be injured or killed on an approved mission, or your equipment is damaged.

Individual personnel and teams are normally logged onto the ICS From 211 and vehicles (aircraft or auto) are logged onto the ICS Form 218. If you are coming to a mission as an individual that is where you will first get signed in, but if you are coming as part of an aircrew your supervisor should log you onto the unit log and the dispatch paperwork (CAPF 104 for aircrews or CAPF 109 for ground teams) to make sure you get credit.  Once you have a job you will report to your unit and get logged onto the 214.

Once you re signed in, you may get re-assigned based on your qualifications.  Those people with many qualifications are often pulled to fill gaps based on their experience.

## Risk and CAP Missions

- Travel to and from mission base
- Operating without proper rest or nourishment
- Electrical or antenna wires
- Turning propellers
- Do not take unnecessary risks

**Notes:**
Safety is a major concern for our operations.  If you get hurt on a CAP mission, yes you have coverage, but you also detract from the mission.  Remember that there are many possible hazards involved in participating in ES missions and you need to be aware of what is going on around you.  The above are just a few examples of some of the common hazards on our missions.

## Member Responsibility

- CAP ES members should obtain and read copies of  the current operations and emergency services publications
- Again, CAP members have NO special dispensations over an ordinary citizen
- Individuals who put themselves, other members, or the corporation in jeopardy by disregarding laws and policies will be targeted for restraining action

**Notes:**
CAP has certain obligations to make on missions, but so doesn’t the membership.  Every person involved in CAP ES Missions needs to understand their job, and our basic requirements.  These are outlined in our governing ES regulations and training materials.
CAPR 60-3
CAPR 60-4 Volume 1, Part 1
CAPR 60-4 Volume 1, Part 2
CAPR 60-4 Volume 2
CAPR 60-5
Approved Policy Letters, Supplements, Operating Instructions, etc.
Task Guides for each specialty

Remember also that CAP members are normal citizens, and must operate within the law.  

If you don’t operate within the regulations and/or the law, there are consequences.  You could have your membership suspended or terminated, privileges revoked, or even worse you could be hurt or killed.  Laws, rules and regulations are normally written to protect the public, including you.  Follow them.

## Bloodborne Pathogens

- Diseases transferred by contact with human blood and body fluids
- Hepatitis B
- AIDS
- Others
- Exposure exists at accident/crash sites

**Notes:**
This is not meant to be a lesson in microbiology.  You need to know that we do have missions that can put you in contact with blood or blood products and thus the issue needs to be addressed.  Ground teams working at a crash site or aircrews transporting blood need to understand the precautions necessary are to protect themselves.  Essentially, stay away or use the right equipment to protect yourself, which we will show you how to use should you become involved in that area.

## Bloodborne Pathogens Continued

- Prevent by staying away from blood and body fluids
- Engineering controls
- Work practice controls
- Personal protective equipment
- Universal precautions

**Notes:**
Should you get involved in missions where you could get exposed to bloodborne pathogens, we will provide training in these areas so that you know how to protect yourself.
Engineering controls are the Structural or mechanical devices CAP provides for its’ ES personnel
Hand washing facilities
Eye wash stations
Sharps containers
Biohazard labels
Work Practice Controls are the behaviors necessary to use engineering controls effectively.
Using sharps containers
Using an eye wash station
Washing your hands after removal of personal protective equipment
Personal Protective Equipment is equipment provided by CAP at no cost to you, which it is to your advantage to use, and should be reported to supervisors when not in working order
Latex gloves 
Masks
Aprons,Gowns, or Tyvek suits
Face shields 
Universal precautions is the concept that all blood and certain body fluids are to be treated as if contaminated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), or other bloodborne pathogens.

## Negligence

- Failure to exercise that degree of care that a reasonable person would exercise under the same circumstances
- Degrees - Slight, Ordinary, Gross
- Key = perform to your level of training
- Not normally a problem
- Protection through “Good Samaritan” laws

**Notes:**
The key to members or CAP not being sued or to having coverage when you are is to operate to your level of training and to operate within the law and our regulations.  You can be held accountable when something goes wrong to varying degrees from the unintentional mistake to specific decision to do something wrong.  Either way, you must accept the consequences of your actions – nobody else can do that for you.

In many states there are laws to protect volunteer responders at varying levels, and they are commonly referred to as Good Samaritan laws.  You are encouraged to find out what the legal coverage is in your area before your participate.  Good Samaritan laws vary from one jurisdiction to another, but for the jurisdictions that do have them they normally grant some level of immunity from prosecution as long as you did what a normal person with your skills in a similar situation would do.  This is sometimes limited to people who have completed a certain level of training or members of certain groups so know what your local requirements are.  If you can’t find it, contact your wing legal counsel – they probably know what it is, or can get it for you.

## Posse Comitatus

- Prohibits CAP from engaging in law enforcement activities other than reconnaissance of property or transport of personnel and equipment, while on an Air Force mission
- CAP members may not carry firearms, participate in detention or arrest of persons or seizure of property or conduct surveillance of personnel and equipment

**Notes:**
Remember that because CAP is federal organization chartered by congress we accept certain limitations in the scope of our duties.  We cannot participate in active law enforcement efforts.  We can provide passive reconnaissance, but not surveillance.  Firearms are strictly prohibited on CAP missions except where required by law for survival purposes, and even then in controlled settings as outlined in CAPR 900-3.  CAP has no authority to trespass or enter onto private property.  Essentially, CAP members have no special dispensations from the laws of the land when conducting missions. We will contact local law enforcement for support as required.

## Posse Comitatus Continued

- CAP members may not be deputized
- No authority to restrict persons by force
- May provide passive assistance to law enforcement
- Can do passive site surveillance (NTSB)
- No trespass allowed
**NO** special dispensations

**Notes:**
See previous slide.

## Interact with the Media

- Why must information be controlled?
- To whom do we direct inquisitor and why?
- Target details influence witness interviews
- Undue speculation
- Family needs to know first
- Can answer general questions about CAP

**Notes:**
Information to be released on missions is controlled for many reasons.  In some cases the families of those that were lost that we are searching for or those affected by a disaster do not want their names or pertinent information released, and that is their right.  We will also limit some information released so that we can discriminate false reports coming into the mission base.  For example we often don’t release the tail number, type or markings of missing aircraft that we are looking for so that we know when someone reports one that doesn’t fit the description that we can put aside the report as invalid, or at least inaccurate and not near the top of our clue file.

Personnel involved in missions at every level have the potential of being approached by a member of the press or other interested people to ask questions.  These people should be directed to the appropriate points of contact for the mission, namely the Incident Commander and/or the Information Officer.  Those personnel will release information when it is appropriate.  This avoids problems of confusion as well as bad publicity.  Don’t be afraid to answer general questions about CAP though.  Just saying no comment is often an indicator of someone trying to cover something up, and though you may not be comfortable working off some of your 15 minutes of fame, answering general questions about what CAP does is perfectly acceptable – just don’t be too specific to a particular mission – let the IC or the IO handle that.  And don’t lie about what CAP is doing.  There is no reason to try to over-glorify what we do – we save many lives every year through our efforts nationwide and the only thing lying does is make us look bad when you get caught.

## Interact with the Media Continued

- You Should:
- Be friendly and courteous
- You are a CAP member and working a mission
- Direct them to person responsible for media
- Be alert for information bystanders may have

**Notes:**
See the previous slide.

## Interact with the Media Continued

- You Should Not:
- Discuss target description or events
- Discuss search or results
- Give opinions
- Be rude or officious
- Never say “No Comment” - Direct them to appropriate leader.

**Notes:**
See the notes for the opening slide to the Interacting with the Media set.

## Reimbursement

- Limited reimbursement available on AF reimbursable missions for:
- Aircraft flight hours
- Member-owned aircraft maintenance
- Communications
- Vehicle fuel and oil
- CAPF 108

## CAP ES Partner Agencies

- AFRCC
- AFNSEP
- FEMA
- Red Cross
- NTSB
- Others

## FIVE PRIMARY I.C.S. MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS

## FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

**COMMAND  **** ****	****=****  ****	****OVERALL RESPONSIBILITY**
**OPERATIONS ****	****= **** ****	****DIRECT TACTICAL ACTIONS**
**PLANNING   ****	****=****	****COLLECT/ANALYZE DATA,**** **
**INTELLIGENCE****	****	****PREPARE ACTION PLAN**
**LOGISTICS   ****	****= **** ****	****PROVIDE SUPPORT**
**FINANCE /****   ****	****=****   ****	****COST ACCOUNTING & **
**ADMINISTRATION   ****      ****PROCUREMENT**

## INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

**UNDERSTAND AGENCY POLICY & DIRECTION**

**ESTABLISH INCIDENT OBJECTIVES**

**SELECT APPROPRIATE**
**STRATEGY**

**PERFORM**
**TACTICAL DIRECTION**

**ACHIEVE**
**GOAL**

## UNITY AND CHAIN OF COMMAND

- UNITY OF COMMAND: HAVE A CLEAR LINE OF SUPERVISION
- CHAIN OF COMMAND: ORDERLY RANKING OF MANAGEMENT POSITIONS IN LINE OF AUTHORITY

## INCIDENT OPERATIONS ORGANIZATION

**SMALL INCIDENT**
**ORGANIZATION**

**LARGE INCIDENT**
**ORGANIZATION**

## REASONS TO TRANSFER COMMAND

- A MORE QUALIFIED PERSON ASSUMES COMMAND
- A JURISDICTIONAL OR AGENCY CHANGE IN COMMAND IS LEGALLY REQUIRED OR MAKES GOOD MANAGEMENT SENSE
- PERSONNEL TURNOVER ON LONG INCIDENTS

## ICS ORGANIZATION

***FLEXIBILITY***

**NEEDS OF INCIDENTS WILL DETERMINE THE REQUIRED ORGANIZATION**

## GENERAL GUIDELINE:DO NOT COMBINE ORGANIZATIONAL UNITS.  ONE PERSON MAY SUPERVISE MORE THAN ONE UNIT

**PLANNING / INTEL SECTION CHIEF**

**RESOURCE &**
**SITUATION UNIT**
**J. Smith**

**RESOURCE**
**UNIT**
**J. Smith**

**SITUATION**
**UNIT**
**J. Smith**

## MANAGING AN INCIDENT USING UNIFIED COMMAND

**A**

**B**

**C**

**HAZARDOUS**
**MATERIALS**
**INCIDENT**

## UNDER UNIFIED COMMANDTHERE WILL ALWAYS BE:

**ONE INCIDENT COMMAND POST**
**A SINGLE COORDINATED INCIDENT ACTION PLAN**
**ONE OPERATIONS SECTION CHIEF**** ****(OFFICER IN CHARGE, SUPERVISOR, ETC.)**

## SPAN OF CONTROL

***EFFECTIVE***
**SPAN OF CONTROL**

***INEFFECTIVE***
**AND**
**POSSIBLY**
**DANGEROUS**

## OPTIMUM SPAN OF CONTROL IS ONE TO FIVE

## IN ICS COMMON TERMINOLOGY IS APPLIED TO:

- ORGANIZATIONAL ELEMENTS
- POSITION TITLES
- RESOURCES
- FACILITIES

## PERSONNEL ACCOUNTABILITY IS MAINTAINED THROUGH:

*CHECK IN FORM*

*RESOURCE STATUS*
*KEEPING SYSTEM*

*UNITY OF COMMAND*

## PERSONNEL ACCOUNTABILITY IS MAINTAINED THROUGH:

- UNIT LOGS

- DIVISION / GROUP
- ASSIGNMENT
- LISTS

## ICS INTEGRATED COMMUNICATIONS

- COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS
- FREQUENCY AND RESOURCE USE PLANNING
- INFORMATION TRANSFER PROCEDURES

## COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS THAT MAY BE REQUIRED

- COMMAND NET
- TACTICAL NETS
- SUPPORT NET
- GROUND-TO-AIR
- AIR-TO-AIR

## RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN I.C.S.

**TASK FORCES**
- COMBINATION OF
- SINGLE RESOURCES

**STRIKE TEAM**
- COMBINATION OF SAME
- KIND AND TYPE

**SINGLE RESOURCES**
- INCLUDES PERSONNEL
- AND EQUIPMENT

## USING TASK FORCES AND STRIKE TEAMS:

- MAXIMIZES EFFECTIVE USE OF RESOURCES
- REDUCES SPAN OF CONTROL
- REDUCES COMMUNICATIONS TRAFFIC

## RESOURCE STATUS CONDITIONS IN I.C.S.

**“****OUT OF SERVICE”**

**“****AVAILABLE”**

**“****ASSIGNED”**

## WRITTEN ACTION PLANS ARE IMPORTANT WHEN:

- THE INCIDENT WILL OVERLAP AN OPERATIONAL PERIOD CHANGE
- TWO OR MORE JURISDICTIONS ARE INVOLVED
- SUBSTANTIAL ACTIVATION OF THE I.C.S. ORGANIZATION

## QUESTIONS?

## Online Tests

- General Emergency Services Tests
- _[https://data.](https://data.ntc.cap.gov/ntc/ops/tests/default.cfm?grp=dos)__[ntc](https://data.ntc.cap.gov/ntc/ops/tests/default.cfm?grp=dos)__[.cap.](https://data.ntc.cap.gov/ntc/ops/tests/default.cfm?grp=dos)__[gov](https://data.ntc.cap.gov/ntc/ops/tests/default.cfm?grp=dos)__[/](https://data.ntc.cap.gov/ntc/ops/tests/default.cfm?grp=dos)__[ntc](https://data.ntc.cap.gov/ntc/ops/tests/default.cfm?grp=dos)__[/ops/tests/default.](https://data.ntc.cap.gov/ntc/ops/tests/default.cfm?grp=dos)__[cfm](https://data.ntc.cap.gov/ntc/ops/tests/default.cfm?grp=dos)__[?](https://data.ntc.cap.gov/ntc/ops/tests/default.cfm?grp=dos)__[grp](https://data.ntc.cap.gov/ntc/ops/tests/default.cfm?grp=dos)__[=dos](https://data.ntc.cap.gov/ntc/ops/tests/default.cfm?grp=dos)_