# Presentation: 924346

## Required Documentation for Flight Instructor Applicants 	

*Logbook and/or *
*Training Record Entries *
*and Endorsements*

## Presented by

- The
- Federal Aviation Administration
- --------------------------------------------
- Salt Lake CityFlight Standards District Office

## Purpose

*To clarify requirements by*
*Explaining the pertinent FARs,*
*Explaining recommending instructor requirements,*
*Giving examples of required logbook entries,*
*Giving examples of other acceptable training record entries, and by*
*Giving examples of endorsements*

## Pertinent FARs

*Flight Instructor requirements are in Subpart H of Part 61*
*FAR 61.183 Eligibility Requirements*
*FAR 61.185 Aeronautical Knowledge*
*FAR 61.187 Flight Proficiency*
*Remember that all training requirements are in the regulations, not necessarily in other publications*

## Review of FAR 61.183

*(a) 18 years old*
*(b) English language*
*(c) Pilot certificate, category and class ratings, and an instrument rating*
*(d) Logbook endorsement for FOI test*
*(e) Pass FOI knowledge test, or . . *

*(f) Pass FIA knowledge test*
*(g) Endorsement on Areas of Operation*
*(h) Pass practical*
*(i) Endorsement for spins, after training*
*(j) 15 hours PIC in category and class*
*(k) Comply with Part 61 sections that apply*

## Review of FAR 61.185

*(a) Must receive and log ground training*
*(1) Fundamentals of Instructing*
*(i) Learning process*
*(ii) Elements of effective teaching*
*(iii) Student evaluation and testing*
*(iv) Course development*
*(v) Lesson planning; and*
*(vi) Classroom teaching techniques*

## Review of FAR 61.185 (continued)

*(2) The aeronautical knowledge areas for a recreational, private, and commercial pilot certificate*
*These are found at*
*Recreational: FAR 61.97(b)(1) through (12)*
*Private: FAR 61.105(b)(1) through (13)*
*Commercial: FAR 61.125(b)(1) through (16)*

## Review of FAR 61.187

*(a) Must receive and log flight and ground training; and*
*Have a logbook endorsement certifying that the person is proficient to pass a practical test on those areas of operation*
*Note that there are three requirements: (1) receive, (2) log, (3) endorse*

## Review of FAR 61.187 (continued)(b)(1)  Areas of operation for an airplane category rating with a single-engine class rating:

- (i)  Fundamentals of instructing;
- (ii)  Technical subject areas;
- (iii)  Preflight preparation;
- (iv)  Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be performed in flight;
- (v)  Preflight procedures;
- (vi)  Airport and seaplane base operations;
- (vii)  Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;

- (viii)  Fundamentals of flight;
- (ix)  Performance maneuvers;
- (x)  Ground reference maneuvers;
- (xi)  Slow flight, stalls, and spins;
- (xii)  Basic instrument maneuvers;
- (xiii)  Emergency operations; and
- (xiv)  Postflight procedures.

## Technical Subject Areas

*A. Aeromedical Factors*
*B. Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance*
*C. Use of Distractions During Flight Training*
*D. Principles of Flight*
*E. Elevators, Ailerons, and Rudder*
*F. Trim Devices*
*G. Wing Flaps*
*H. Airplane Weight and Balance*

*I. Navigation and Flight Planning*
*J. Night Operations*
*K. High Altitude Operations*
*L. Federal Aviation Regulations*
*M. Use of Minimum Equipment List*
*N. Publications*
*O. National Airspace System*
*P. Logbook Entries and Certificate Endorsements*

## Pertinent FARs (continued)

*Practical Test requirements are in Subpart A of Part 61*
*FAR 61.35 Prerequisites for Knowledge Tests*
*FAR 61.39 Prerequisites for Practical Tests*

## Review of FAR 61.35

*Knowledge Test: Prerequisites *
*Must have received an endorsement . . . certifying that the applicant accomplished the appropriate ground training or a home-study course required by this part and is prepared for the knowledge test.*

## Review of FAR 61.39To be eligible for a practical test, an applicant must:

*(1) Pass the knowledge test within the preceding 24 months*
*(2) Present the knowledge test*
*(3) Satisfactorily accomplish the required training and obtain the aeronautical experience prescribed*
*(4) Have at least a 3rd class medical*
*(5) Meet the age requirement*
*(6) Have an endorsement that certifies the applicant:** *
*(i) Has received and logged training within 60 days*
*(ii) Is prepared for the practical test*
*(iii) Has demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the areas shown to be deficient on the knowledge test*
*(7) Have a completed and signed application*

## Q&A 314 (from the Internet)

- Subject: Endorsement for §61.39(a)(6) for training in the last 60 days prior to the practical test.
- Answer:  Even though AC 61-65D contains "recommended" endorsements, not required "word-for-word" endorsements, many examiners have been known to treat them as "required".  The recommended endorsements that are included with the new Advisory Circular 61-65D do not include two specific items.  This is in recognition of the above tendency on the part of examiners and the provision for a §61.39(a)(6)(iii) endorsement of knowledge test item review on the computer test result form itself.  It suffices and an additional reiteration in the logbook or training record is OK, but unnecessary.  For the §61.39(a)(6)(i) endorsement of training within the preceding 60 days, an examiner may accept the "line-by-line" entries of signed off (endorsed) training that certify at least the required amount.  Again, an additional entry in the logbook or training records is OK, but not necessary.
- However, a specific entry stating that the applicant is prepared for the required practical test in accordance with §61.39(a)(6)(ii) is required in the logbook or training record for those certificates that include the requirement as a prerequisite  [e.g... §§61.65(a)(6), 61.96(b)(5)(ii), 61.103(f)(2), 61.123(e)(2), and 61.63(b)(3) & (c)(2)].  This endorsement MUST be included in addition to the instructor's signature on the appropriate line on the FAA Form 8710-1 application.

## Pertinent FARs (continued)

*Required Logbook Entry (and/or other acceptable Training Record) format is given in FAR 61.51*
*Applies to flight and ground training*

## Review of FAR 61.51

*(a) Each person must document and record the following time in a manner acceptable to the administrator.*
*(1) Training and aeronautical experience to meet the requirements for a certificate.*
*(2) Aeronautical experience for meeting recency of flight requirements.*

## Review of FAR 61.51 (continued)

*(b) Each person must enter the following for each flight or lesson logged:*
*(1) General*
*(i) Date*
*(ii) Total flight or lesson time*
*(iii) Location where the aircraft departed and arrived*
*(iv) Type and identification of aircraft*
*(v) Name of safety pilot (91.109(b))*

## Review of FAR 61.51 (continued)

*(2) Type of pilot experience or training*
*(i) Solo*
*(ii) Pilot in Command*
*(iii) Second in Command*
*(iv) Flight and ground training received*
*(v) Training received in a simulator or FTD*
*(3) Conditions of flight*
*(i) Day or night*
*(ii) Actual instrument*
*(iii) Simulated instrument (flight, simulator, FTD)*

## Pertinent FARs (continued)

*Other pertinent regulations are in*
*FAR 61.43 Practical Tests: General Procedures*
*FAR 61.45 Practical Tests: Required Aircraft and Equipment*
*FAR 61.49 Retesting After Failure*

## Pertinent FARs (continued)

*Other Regulations that pertain to a Flight Instructor applicant*
*FAR 61.31(d) Aircraft category/class ratings*
*FAR 61.31(e) Complex Airplanes*
*FAR 61.31(f) High Performance Airplanes*
*FAR 61.56 Flight Review*

## Recommending Instructor

- Requirements for training an initial flight instructor applicant are in:
*FAR 61.195(h)*
- Any authorized instructor can teach additional ratings after initial CFI

## Recommending Instructor

*For Ground Instruction **(FAR 61.195(h)(1))*
*Has held CFI or CGI for 24 months, and*
*Given at least 40 hours of ground training*
*Or,*
*Holds current CFI or CGI, and*
*Given 100 hours of ground training in an FAA-approved course*

## Recommending Instructor

*For Flight Instruction **(FAR 61.195(h)(2))*
*Hold appropriate flight instructor certificate and rating, and*
*Has held CFI certificate for 24 months, and*
*Has given at least 200 hours of flight training*
*Or,*

## Recommending Instructor

*For Flight Instruction **(FAR 61.195(h)(3))*
*If the recommending instructor serves as a CFI in an FAA-approved CFI course, and *
*Has passed the initial and recurrent CFI proficiency tests, and*
*Has trained and endorsed at least five applicants for pilot, CFI, or CGI, and 80% passed the first time, and*
*Given at least 400 hours of flight training.*

## Recommending Instructor

*Note that the FAA Inspector or designated examiner administering the initial flight instructor practical test, may require proof that the recommending instructor meets all of the above requirements.*

## Sample Logbook Entries

*1. For Ground Training*
*2. For Flight Training*

## Definitions

*Logbook Entry:*
*A written statement made by either the pilot or an authorized flight or ground instructor describing the lesson or flight in sufficient detail to understand what took place during the flight or lesson.*
*To be used for certification, the entry must include the elements listed in FAR 61.51.*

## Ground Training (Example)

## Ground Training (Example) (continued)

## Definitions

*Endorsement*
*A certification made by an authorized instructor that either recommends or confirms.*
*Suggested endorsements are listed in AC 61-65D, published on 9-20-99.*
*These are suggestions only. Actual wording may vary, but must contain the basic information required by the FARs.*

## Sample Endorsement

*I certify that Miss Susan A. Miller has received the training required by FAR 61.183(i)(1). I have determined that she is competent and possesses instructional proficiency in stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures.** **10-11-99 **Bryan Neville**, 2071364, 6/01*
- Note that we should be able to find a logbook entry (or entries) showing that this instruction took place.

## Summary

*Endorsements do not take the place of logbook entries.*
*All training, flight and ground, must be logged, either in a pilot logbook or other training record acceptable to the Administrator.*
*Flight instructor applicants are expected to (1) receive the training, (2) log the training, and, (3) have an endorsement from an authorized instructor that states the applicant is proficient or competent.*

## Additional Sources (in order of precedence)

*FAR 61*
*AC 61-65D*
*Practical Test Standards*
*Flight Instructor*
*Recreational Pilot*
*Private Pilot*
*Commercial Pilot*
*Many Commercial Publications*

## Any Questions?

*SLC FSDO*
*801-524-4247*
*http://www.faa.gov/fsdo/slc*
*Please don’t ask another instructor, unless you are absolutely certain he or she knows what they’re talking about!*

## That’s all folks!

*That’s all folks!*