# Presentation: 023678

**To broadcast or not to broadcast?**

## How structure call-broadcast?

** ****all surveys broadcast same suite of species**
** ****6 pre-defined suites of species**
** ****all surveys broadcast 5 species**
** ****all surveys include 5 min of broadcast**
** ****1-13 spp in broadcast, survey duration varies**

## Maximize analytical capabilities of pooled data

| Species |                     Responded During: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Pass 1 | Pass 2 | Pass 3 | Pass 4 | Pass 5 | BLRA | LEBI | SORA | VIRA | KIRA | AMCO |
| KIRA | 1 |   |   |  |   |   |   |   | 1 |   |   |
| VIRA |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 1 |
|  BLRA |   |   |   |   |   | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |

| Species |                     Responded During: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Pass 1 | Pass 2 | Pass 3 | Pass 4 | Pass 5 | LEBI | SORA | VIRA | COMO |
| LEBI |  |  |  |  |   |   |   | 1 |   |
| VIRA |   |   |   |   |   |   | 1 |   |  |
|  VIRA |   |   | 1 |   |   |   |   |   | 1 |

**11-min**
**survey**
**in**
**LA**

**9-min**
**survey**
**in**
**MO**

**Maximize analytical capabilities of pooled data**

## Merge data to the extent possible

| Site | Species |                     Responded During: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Pass 1 | Pass 2 | Pass 3 | Pass 4 | Pass 5 | BLRA | LEBI | SORA | VIRA | KIRA | COMO | AMCO |
| LA  | KIRA | 1 |   |   |  |   |   |   |   | 1 |   |   |  |
| LA | VIRA |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |  | 1 |
| LA  |  BLRA |   |   |   |   |   | 1 |   |   |  |   |   |   |
| MO  | LEBI |  |  |  |  |   |   |  |   | 1 |   |   |   |
| MO  | VIRA |   |   |   |   |   |   |  |  1 |   |   |   |   |
| MO  |  VIRA |   |   | 1 |   |   |   |  |   |   |   | 1 |   |

## Compare first 9 min of each survey

| Site | Species |                     Responded During: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Pass 1 | Pass 2 | Pass 3 | Pass 4 | Pass 5 | BLRA | LEBI | SORA | VIRA | KIRA | COMO | AMCO |
| LA  | KIRA | 1 |   |   |  |   |   |   |   | 1 |   |   |  |
| LA | VIRA |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |  | 1 |
| LA  |  BLRA |   |   |   |   |   | 1 |   |   |  |   |   |   |
| MO  | LEBI |  |  |  |  |   |   |  |   | 1 |   |   |   |
| MO  | VIRA |   |   |   |   |   |   |  | 1 |   |   |   |   |
| MO  |  VIRA |   |   | 1 |   |   |   |  |   |   |   | 1 |   |

## Compare 8 min of similar survey effort

| Site | Species |                     Responded During: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Pass 1 | Pass 2 | Pass 3 | Pass 4 | Pass 5 | BLRA | LEBI | SORA | VIRA | KIRA | COMO | AMCO |
| LA  | KIRA | 1 |   |   |  |   |   |   |   | 1 |   |   |  |
| LA | VIRA |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |  | 1 |
| LA  |  BLRA |   |   |   |   |   |  1 |   |   |  |   |   |   |
| MO  | LEBI |  |  |  |  |   |   |  |   | 1 |   |   |   |
| MO  | VIRA |   |   |   |   |   |   |  | 1 |   |   |   |   |
| MO  |  VIRA |   |   | 1 |   |   |   |  |   |   |   | 1 |   |

**Compare 8 min of similar survey effort**

## Compare 5 min passive survey only

| Site | Species |                     Responded During: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Pass 1 | Pass 2 | Pass 3 | Pass 4 | Pass 5 | BLRA | LEBI | SORA | VIRA | KIRA | COMO | AMCO |
| LA  | KIRA | 1 |   |   |  |   |   |   |   | 1 |   |   |  |
| LA | VIRA |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |  | 1 |
| LA  |  BLRA |   |   |   |   |   |  1 |   |   |  |   |   |   |
| MO  | LEBI |  |  |  |  |   |   |  |   | 1 |   |   |   |
| MO  | VIRA |   |   |   |   |   |   |  | 1 |   |   |   |   |
| MO  |  VIRA |   |   | 1 |   |   |   |  |   |   |   | 1 |   |

**Compare 5 min passive survey only**

**Detection probability may change with marsh succession**

**Detection probability may change following wetland mgmt actions**

## population density
plant communities
nesting stage

- population density
- plant communities
- nesting stage

**Detection probability likely varies spatially**

## Capture-recapture models to estimate vocalization probability

| Site | Species |                     Responded During: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Pass 1 | Pass 2 | Pass 3 | Pass 4 | Pass 5 | BLRA | LEBI | SORA | VIRA | KIRA | COMO | AMCO |
| LA  | KIRA | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |   | 0 |
| LA | VIRA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | 1 |
| LA  |  BLRA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |   |  0 |
| MO  | LEBI | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |   | 0 | 0 | 1 |   | 0 |   |
| MO  | VIRA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |   | 0 | 1 | 0 |   | 0 |   |
| MO  |  VIRA | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |   | 0 | 0 | 0 |   | 1 |   |

**Capture-recapture models to estimate vocalization probability**

## Call types help reduce observer bias

| Species |                     Responded During: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Call Type | Repeat | Distance (m) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Pass 1 | Pass 2 | Pass 3 | Pass 4 | Pass 5 | BLRA | LEBI | SORA | VIRA | KIRA | AMCO |  |  |  |
| LEBI |  |   |   |  |   |   | 1 |   |  |   | 1 |  coo |   |   |
| CLRA |   |   | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 1 |  kek |   |   |
|  AMBI |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | s |   |   |   |   |   |

| Species |                     Responded During: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Call Type | Repeat | Distance (m) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Pass 1 | Pass 2 | Pass 3 | Pass 4 | Pass 5 | LEBI | SORA | VIRA | COMO |  |  |  |
| LEBI |  |  |  |  |   | 1 |   | 1 |   |  coo |   |   |
| LEBI |   |   |  1 |   |   | 1 |   |   |  |  kak |   |   |
|  CLRA |   |   |  1 |   |   |   |   | 1 |   | purr |   |   |

**2001**
**observer**
**#1**

**2006**
**observer**
**#2**

**Call types help reduce observer bias**

## Call types can help explain temporal or spatial differences in # counted

## Recording repeats reduces observer bias

| Species |                     Responded During: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Call Types | Repeat | Distance (m) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Pass 1 | Pass 2 | Pass 3 | Pass 4 | Pass 5 | BLRA | LEBI | SORA | VIRA | KIRA | AMCO |  |  |  |
| BLRA |  |   |   |  |   |   | 1 |   |  |   | 1 |  kkrr | N | 80  |
| BLRA |   |   | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 1 |  grr | N | 30 |
| PBGR |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 1 |   |   |  owhoop | N | 230 |

**observer**
**#1**

**observer**
**#2**

| Species |                     Responded During: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Call Types | Repeat | Distance (m) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Pass 1 | Pass 2 | Pass 3 | Pass 4 | Pass 5 | BLRA | LEBI | SORA | VIRA | KIRA | AMCO |  |  |  |
| BLRA |  |   |   |  |   |   | 1 |   |  |   | 1 |  kkrr | Y | 80  |
| BLRA |   |   | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 1 |  grr | Y | 30 |
| PBGR |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 1 |   |   |  owhoop | Y | 230 |

**Recording repeats reduces observer bias**

## Was bird detected at previous point?

**Was bird detected at previous point?**
**  ****- local (50m) vs regional (400m) needs**

**Multiple-observer surveys allow estimation of observer bias**
**	****	****	****	****	****- call type**
**	****	****	****	****	****- distance**
**	****	****	****	****	****- one line per bird**

##  Spp recorded at all sites  

** ****Spp recorded at all sites but calls not broadcast**
** ****Spp recorded at all sites but not 1 indiv per line**
** ****Spp that some sites record, some do not**

## Slide 18

## 190 sites in 51 states/provinces

**190 sites in 51 states/provinces**
**104 different broadcast sequences**
**~150,000 detections**
**3-day training workshops**

##  Additional passive period at end

** ****Additional passive period at end**
** ****3 counts per point per year**
**- variation in spp breeding dates**
**- high daily variation in detection **
** ****many end up with 1-2 counts**
** ****still know very little about rare spp**

**Where to place survey points?**
**	****	****	****	****	****- water edge**
**	****	****	****- upland edge**
**	****	****	****- interior**

**Surveying interior marshes would be disruptive in some regions**

**Record location of survey point**
**	****	****	****	****	****- water edge**
**	****	****	****- upland edge**
**	****	****	****- interior**

## Slide 24

## Slide 25

## Slide 26

## Slide 27