# Presentation: 869324

## Project Introduction/Overview and Review Agenda

- David Robin
- Project Leader of the ALS Top-off Upgrade

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

**Notes:**
My name is David Robin and I am the Project Leader of the ALS Top-Upgrade Project. Before I begin, I want to extend a welcome the members of the committee and thank them for participating in this review. This is an important review for the Top-Off upgrade. I know that you are all very busy and I am very appreciative for you taking time.

## Outline

**Purpose of the Review**
**Motivation for the Top-off Upgrade**
**Scope of the Top-off upgrade**
**Review of the Agenda**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Purpose of the Review

**At the end of this calendar year **
**We will present to DOE our plan for upgrading the ALS to run in a Top-off injection mode. **
**The plan will include a full scope, cost, and schedule for the Top-off upgrade.**
**Purpose of the Review **
**Before presenting the plan to DOE, we want to have our plan examined by experts from outside the project team to ensure that it is sound.**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Top-off injection operation: 
Keep the current nearly constant through frequent injections (seconds to minutes) to replenish lost electrons
Present operation injection occurs every 8 hours

Top-off is already the standard mode of operation at Advanced Photon Source, the Swiss Light Source, and SPRING-8

**Keep the current nearly constant through frequent injections (seconds to minutes) to replenish lost electrons**
**Present operation injection occurs every 8 hours**
**Top-off is already the standard mode of operation at Advanced Photon Source, the Swiss Light Source, and SPRING-8**

**Top-off: Quasicontinuous Injection**

- 0

**Current [mA]**

- 0

- 200

- 400

- 600

- 0

- 2

- 4

- 6

- 8

- 10

- 12

- 14

- 16

- 18

- 20

- 22

**Time [Hours]**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

***Present performance of the ALS is lifetime limited***
**Top-off opens the door to large increases in brightness**
**Larger beam currents**
**Smaller beamsizes**
**Smaller gap insertion devices**
**Top-off operation improves the beam stability**

**Advantages of Top-off**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Brightness Now and After Upgrade (T. Warwick)

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Present Operational Mode

***Do not have a full-energy injector***
**Need to ramp the storage ring from injection energy of 1.5 GeV to operational energy of 1.9 GeV**
**Injection occurs every 8 hours (except in 2-bunch mode where it occurs every 2 hours)**
**Injects with a 1 Hz repetition rate**
**Requires a ****11 to 15***** *****minute interruption in user time**
**Inject with the personnel safety shutters closed**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Present Injection cycle

- 0

- 100

- 200

- 300

- 400

- 500

- 600

- 700

- 1

- 1.2

- 1.4

- 1.6

- 1.8

- 2

- Time [s]

- Beam Energy [GeV]

** ****Open ID Gaps**

**       ****(100)**

** ****Ramp Down**

**       ****(130)**

** ****Inject Beam 200 to 400 mA**

**               ****(190)**

** ****Ramp Up**

**    ****(130)**

** ****Correct Orbit**

**       ****(60)**

** ****Close ID Gaps**

**       ****(100)**

**Present Injection cycle**

**At present the injection cycle takes at minimum 11 minutes**
**time between closing the user shutters (PSS), filling to 400 mA, and then opening the shutters**** **

** ****Close PSS**

**Open PSS**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Injection System

**Injection ****System**

** **

- 1.9-GeV Storage Ring

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Electron Gun

- ALS has a thermionic gun
- Can choose on a shot-by-shot bases how many bunches to extract
- typically use (1 or 3)

- 2 ns

- 8 ns

- cathode

- grid

- anode

- 120 kV

- 125 MHz, 50 V

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Booster

**Booster**

** **

- On-Axis Injection
- Can inject up to 10 bunches
- FODO Structure
- 4 – Fold Symmetric
- Injection, Extraction, RF, diagnostics straights
- 24 Bends, 32 Quads, 20 Sext, 32 BPMs
- 1 Hz Booster Cycle
- 50 MeV to 1.5 GeV and back

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Booster Ramping Cycle

- 1 Hz with up to 1.5 mA/pulse in four bunches

**Booster Bend Ramping Cycle**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

** **

- Booster Extraction
- 3 Bump Magnets
- Fast Kicker
- Thin and Thick Septa
- Booster-to-Storage Ring (BTS) Transfer Line
- Storage Ring Injection
- Thick and Thin Septa
- 4 Bump Magnets
- All in Straight 1

**Booster Extraction and Storage Ring Injection**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Reliability

***Injector has proven to be very reliable  during 10 years of operation***
- Example of last year – Oct 03 to Oct 04
- Complete list for Component faults/failures is provided
- Total of all faults/failures less than 40 hours (0.7%)
- Nearly no loss in user beam time
- Most problems fixed while beam was stored in the storage ring
- Maximum repair time for any fault was 4.5 hours

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Storage Ring Injection Elements

- Injection Elements in Straight 1

**Beam direction**

- Injection Bumps

- Injection Septum

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Injection process

- Two turns before injection

- One turn before injection

- Injection turn

- One turn after injection

- Three turns after injection

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Effect of the Bumps

- x = 300 m

- y = 22 m

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Effect of the Septum (T. Warwick, G. Stover)

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Scope of the Top-off Upgrade

**Upgrade injector to enable full energy injection, including necessary modifications to controls and timing.**
**Where necessary for operational reliability (with the higher requirements in top-off), improve diagnostics and other existing systems.**
**Install radiation safety system and conduct studies necessary for injection with shutters open. **
**Acquire DOE approval for necessary Final Safety Analysis Document (FSAD) changes.**
**Minimize injection transients to reasonable levels.**
**Provide user gating signal.**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Scope of the Top-off Upgrade (cont.)

**Migrate to higher current (400 ******** 500 mA) operation with smaller vertical beamsizes (150 ******** 30 pm rad emittance).**
**Enable bunch cleaning in booster to make top-off compatible with two bunch operation.**
**Transition to Top-off with minimal negative impact to users**
**Upgrade in a typical annual shutdown and commissioning period (<2 months)**
**Minimize the initial teething period**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Parameters	

**Parameters****	**

******i  ********	********t   ****	********h****	********v****	********`****h****	********`****v**
**1.5mA****	****32.0s****	****298********m****	****8********m****	****22********rad****	****3********rad**

- _coupling_
**After Top-off**

- 0

**Current [mA]**

- 0

- 200

- 400

- 600

- 0

- 2

- 4

- 6

- 8

- 10

- 12

- 14

- 16

- 18

- 20

- 22

**Time [Hours]**

**Time-average current**
** ****increased by a factor of 2**

**Quasi continuous injection of the ALS**

**In top-off mode the plan is to run with **
**2 times higher time averaged current **
**smaller vertical beam size – less than half the present size**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Beamsize

**Present vertical beamsize**

**Low coupling beamsize**

**   ****Plan to operate with 30 pm-rad**
** ****Achieved 5 pm-rad vertical emittance in accelerator studies**

**y [********m]**

**x [********m]**

**x [********m]**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Injection rate

**Nominal Top-off parameters assume 1.5 mA per injection pulse**
**Achieved >1.5 mA per shot (4 bunches) with IDs open**
**Preliminary studies show ~40% reduction in injection efficiency with IDs closed and vertical scraper to 5 mm (full gap) **
**Top-off plans**
** ****Inject with a train of 10 bunches**
** ****Study and improve the injection efficiency***
****Precommissioning studies are an integral part of the project plan***

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Time between fills

**ALS lifetime is determined by intrabeam (Touschek lifetime)**
**In the Touschek lifetime regime :**

**Nominal case is 1.5 mA about every 30 seconds**
**Note : in 8 hours the amount of injected beam current = 1440mA**
**	****compared with 200 mA in present operation**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Difference between present operation and Top-off

| Present Operation

Injection at 1.5 GeV and then ramp

Inject with insertion devices open

Average beam current is 250 mA

Vertical emittance is 150 pm rad

Lifetime is 8 hours at 400 mA

Injection period every 2 to 8 hours
1 Hz injection for 4 minutes
 From 200 to 400 mA

Photon shutters are closed during injection | After Top-Off

Full energy injection (1.9 GeV)

Inject with insertion devices closed

Average beam current is 500 mA

Vertical emittance is 30 pm rad

Lifetime is about 3 hours at 500 mA

Injection period about every 30 seconds
1 pulse
From 498.5 to 500 mA
Photon shutters remain open during injection |
| --- | --- |

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## History

**February 23, 2003 (BES Facilities 20 Year Roadmap Review)**
- Presentation “Keeping the Advanced Light Source at the Cutting Edge” made by Neville Smith and Mike Martin
**March 2003 **
- BESAC subcommittee report shows ALS upgrade portion extremely well received
**Summer 2003**
- Strong indication from BES that they would fund the top-off portion of the upgrade FY05-FY07
**October 7, 2003**
- Project kickoff meeting
**Last Fiscal Year**
- Received some funding (500 k$) from BES
- Clarified the scope of the project

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Project Team

**B. Bailey, K. Baptiste, W. Barry (Lead Electrical Engineer), A. Biocca (Lead Controls Engineer), W. Byrne, R. Donahue, R. Duarte, M. Fahmie, B. Gath, J. Julian, J.Y. Jung, S. Kwiatkowski, R. Mueller, H. Nishimura, J. ONeill, S. Prestemon, D. Robin (Project Leader), S. Rossi, F. Sannibale, R. Schlueter (Lead Mechanical Engineer), D. Shuman, C. Steier (Project Manager), G. Stover, C. Timossi, T. Warwick**
**with help from**
** **
**D. Rodgers (EH&S), Tom Henderson, A. Ritchie, T. Scarvie, ALS Survey Group, J. Tanabe, W. Thur**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## What happened this past year

**Clarified the scope of the upgrade**
**Got users on-board**
**Defined parameter range**
**Studied impact on performance**
**Injection transients**
**Identified critical items and potential show stoppers**
**Studied the pulsed magnets**
**Radiation safety**
**Long lead items**
**Completing a CDR including scope, detailed cost, and schedule**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Summary of User Experiments and Discussions (T. Warwick)

**Most experiments did not see the injection transients**
**Provide gating signals for sensitive experiments**
**Those requiring gating would like “single shot” injection pulses **
**Users not very sensitive to bunch-to-bunch current variations**
**Users would like to incorporate injection bunch cleaning in the project in order to have cleaner camshaft and 2-bunch top-off operation**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Bunch Fill Patterns

- Bunches
- Can fill up to 328 bunches space 2 ns apart
- Fill patterns
- Multibunch mode
- Train of 276 filled with a gap
- Train of 276 filled with an isolated (camshaft) bunch
- 2-bunch mode
- 2-bunches spaced on opposite sides of the ring

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Bunch purity (F. Sannibale)

- Some users require that the current in nominal empty bunches (particularly in 2-bunch mode) be less than 1/10,000 of the filled bunches
- Clean the bunches in the storage ring
- Incompatible with Top-off
- Top-off requires a clean injection

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Top-off Radiation Issues/challenges (R. Donahue)

**Injected Beam** – PSS now open
- Injected e- go down beamline?
- Injected e- strike the storage ring vacuum chamber near the beamlines inside ring?
**Normal Stored Beam Losses **
- - (1440 mA/shft)/(200 mA/shft) ~ _10X_
**RF Trips **- average current from 250 to 500 mA, so ~ _2X_
**	****	****	***First is unique to top-off.*
*          **	**	**Second and third are important, *
*	**	**	**known, but not unique.*

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

** **

**Utilities are okay**
**Maximum injection rate reduced (1 Hz to 0.33 Hz)**
**Gun and Linac are okay**
**Booster and BTS non-pulsed magnets are okay **
**Pulsed magnets and supplies okay with small mods.**
**DC Supplies and controls need to upgraded**
**RF power to be upgraded**

**Injection System****(M. Fahmie, G. Stover, S. Kwiatowski, K. Baptiste, C. Timossi)**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Diagnostics(F. Sannibale)

**Diagnostics****(F. Sannibale)**

** **

**Install**
**SR ports in BTS**
**Tune-up dump**
**Some new BPM electronics in Booster**
**Kickers and scraper for tune measurement and cleaning in Booster**
**Bunch-by-bunch current monitor**
**Bunch purity monitor**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

** **

**Collimators in the BTS and storage ring to localize losses**
**Interlock on storage ring current and Booster to  Storage Ring energy match**
**Potential interlock on beamline radiation monitors**

**Radiation Protection**** (R. Donahue)**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Gating (M. Fahmie)

- Some users may want to know when a fill cycle is coming so that they can briefly gate off their data collection.
- We will provide users with trigger and gates signals at their beamline that convey several stages of warning .
-   It’s gonna happen pretty soon.
-   It’s gonna happen right away.
-   It’s happening now!

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Impact on Reliability

***Aside from upgrading to full energy injection, the operational conditions should not change significantly****
**Differences**
**The gun HV will remain on**
**Should not be a problem**
**All magnet supplies will stay on continuously; pulsed magnet triggers disabled between fill cycles**
**Now pulsed magnets and BTS magnets are turned off between fills**
**Increased duty cycle**
**Lifetime tests are underway for the septa and have been completed for the extraction kicker**
***   An ongoing experiment in the BTS line designed to use the booster beam when booster is not needed for storage ring injection has run periodically for up to two week interval**
** ****1 Hz, 8 hr/day, 5 days a week **

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Costs, Schedule, and Installation (C. Steier)

**Project Cost 4.85 M$**
**If we receive the funding in time we plan to go to upgrade to full energy injection by Mid 2006**
**After the shutdown we would transition**
**Top-off Injection**
**Bunch cleaning**
**Depending on when and how much money becomes available, a staged approach might be necessary**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Summary

**Top-off Upgrade is off to a good start**
**Got users on-board from the beginning**
**Identified critical items and potential show stoppers**
**Have a good plan**
**Completing a CDR including scope, detailed cost, and schedule**
**Have a very good team**
**Have strong management support**
**Highest Priority for ALS**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Review Agenda

- Executive Session – Review Charge – Closed Session – Working lunch 12:00 – 1:00
- Project Introduction/Overview and review agenda – 1:00 – 1:45		David Robin
- User Requirements – 1:45– 2:10				Tony Warwick
- Break – 2:10 – 2:25
- Radiation Safety – 2:25 – 3:25					Rick Donahue
- Pulsed Magnets – 3:25 – 4:10					Greg Stover
- Power Supplies – 4:10 – 4:35					Mike Fahmie
- Break 4:35 – 4:50
- RF System – 4:50 – 5:30					Ken Baptiste / S. Kwiatkowski
- Executive Session – 5:30 – 6:00
- Dinner
**November 23**
- Continental Breakfast– 8:00 – 8:30
- Diagnostics – 8:30 – 8:50					Fernando Sannibale
- Two-Bunch Cleaning – 8:50 – 9:05				Fernando Sannibale
- Controls – 9:05 – 9:30					Chris Timossi
- Timing – 9:30 – 9:45						Mike Fahmie
- Break – 9:45 – 10:00
- Cost, Schedule, and Installation – 10:00 – 11:00			Christoph Steier
- Summary and Q and A – 11:00 – 11:15 				David Robin
- Executive Session Working Lunch 11:15 – 12:30
- Closeout – 12:30 – 1:00

**Review Agenda**

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Slide 41

|  |   No.
Events | MTTR |
| --- | --- | --- |
| EG |  |  |
|      HV supply – current clamp at turn on (cleared by off/on cycle)  | 3 | 0.25 min |
|      Heater fault - vacuum interlock chassis intermittent | 6 | 3 min |
|      GTL IP vacuum fault | 1 | 5 min |
|  |  |  |
| MOD 1 and 2 |  |  |
|      Waveguide and accelerator vacuum | 8 | 3 min |
|      PFN HV supply – overvoltage  | 4 | 5 min |
|      PFN HV cable arc (replaced) | 1 | 1.6 hr |
|      Thyratron failure | 1 | 3 hr |
|      Computer controls (ILC) | 1 |  |
|  |  |  |
| KLY 1 and 2 |  |  |
|      800W RF amplifier failure | 1 | 1 hr |
|      RF input – 500MHz to 3GHz multiplying chassis failure | 1 | 2 hr |
|  |  |  |
| Linac |  |  |
|      Water temperature controller failure | 1 | 30 min |
|       Solenoid power supply failure | 1 | 1.2 hr |

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Slide 42

|  |   No.
Events | MTTR |
| --- | --- | --- |
| LTB |  |  |
|      Q4.1 power supply – AC breaker trip | 2 | 5 min |
|      Q4.1 power supply – defective fan, replaced supply | 1 | 30 min |
|  |  |  |
| Booster |  |  |
|      Septum box vacuum fault | 2 | 1 min |
|      RF cavity IP spark down | 2 | 2 min |
|      Klystron, intermittent overtemperature fault (defective meter   
     replaced during maintenance) | 2 | 5 min |
|      Girder water fault | 1 | 21 min |
|      SEN and SEK HV power supply failure | 2 | 30 min |
|      KI and KE HV power supply failure | 5 | 30 min |
|      KI arcing in PFN chassis (loose ground wire) | 1 | 1.9 hr |
|      QF power supply capacitor bank failure | 1 | 3.5 hr |

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004

## Slide 43

|  |   No.
Events | MTTR |
| --- | --- | --- |
| BTS |  |  |
|      Girder water flow meter failure (Keptrol controller replaced)  | 1 | 30 min |
|      Corrector magnet power supply failure | 1 | 30 min |
|      Power supply rack water fault (flow turbine failure) |  | 51 min |
|      Bump magnet grounding and trigger chassis - relay failure | 1 | 1.9 hr |
|      Bump power supply – sled timing and firing | 2 | 2.4 hr |
|      Power supply rack, AC power phase fault (defective breaker) | 1 | 3.5 hr |
|      B1 bend magnet power supply overcurrent – firing circuit 
     SCR failure | 1 | 3.5 hr |
|      SEK power supply airflow.  Interlocked rack fan,
     not shown on print, off | 1 | 4.5 hr |
|      B4 power supply intermittent air flow fault (defective vane switch) | 3 |  |
|      Power supply computer controls (ILC) | 4 |  |

- Top-Off Review

- 11/22/2004