# Presentation: 267469

## Introduction to the ILC and its numerous magnets!

- Cherrill Spencer
- SLAC & ILC Magnet Systems Group
- LCFOA Magnet Workshop
- 18 October 2006

## What is the ILC and why do we need it?

- The International Linear Collider is the highest priority new machine for the international particle physics community.
- In the ILC we
**create beams of electrons e****-**** and positrons e****+****, **
**accelerate them to much higher energies than they usually have – up to 500x10****9**** electron volts (=500 GeV), **
**collide huge numbers of them together and **
**observe and measure what comes out. **
- We do this in order to answer some of the outstanding scientific questions listed below

- LCFOA Magnet Workshop:                                         Spencer Intro

- 18 October 2006

## Most important outstanding physics questions which the ILC will help to answer 

- Are there undiscovered principles of nature: are there new physical laws we don’t know about?
- How can we solve the mystery of dark energy?
- Are there extra dimensions of space?
- Do all the forces: strong, weak, electromagnetic and gravity, eventually become one force?
- Why are there so many kinds of particles?
- What is dark matter? How can we make it in the laboratory?
- How did the universe come to be?
- What happened to the antimatter which was created in the Big Bang?

- LCFOA Magnet Workshop:                                         Spencer Intro

- 18 October 2006

##         Current General Layout of a 500Gev ILC

- superconducting linac

- 31 km overall

- e- Damping Ring

- Beam Deliveries + 2 Interaction Regions

- Part of e+ source, e+ booster & auxiliary source

- e+ Damping Ring

- Electromagnets are utilized throughout the ILC beamlines to bend and focus the electron and positron beams.

- LCFOA Magnet Workshop:                                         Spencer Intro

- 18 October 2006

## ILC MAGNET COUNT as of 24 Sep 2006NOTE: These quantities continue to change

- LCFOA Magnet Workshop:                                         Spencer Intro

- 18 October 2006

## Overview of typical ILC magnet strengths and sizes

- About 13,000 magnets will bend or focus beams with energy less than 5.1 GeV.
- The field strengths needed to change the direction of less than 5.1 GeV electrons are typically less than 10 kGauss
- consequently the physical sizes of most of the ILC magnets are modest:
** ****between 0.3 and 2 m (12” and 80”) long **
**almost all weighing less than 340 kg (750lb) **
**many weighing less than 45 kg (100lb).**

- LCFOA Magnet Workshop:                                         Spencer Intro

- 18 October 2006

## Styles of ILC magnets

- Of the 16,556 magnets:
**2,484 superconducting ; 14,072 conventional**
- 6,020 of the magnets are conventional “correctors”. They are mostly stand-alone weak dipoles with a small number of higher order (quadrupole, sextupole, etc.) correctors that will most likely be made with solid wire, and will be air cooled.
- 8,052 of the magnets are room-temperature magnets to be made with hollow copper conductor and cooled by low conductivity water (LCW)
** ****111 different styles to be designed & fabricated over 5-7 years**
- 2,484 superconducting magnets
**40 different styles to be designed & fabricated at same time**
- Presently there are 166 different styles of magnets. The magnet engineers are working with the beam physicists to reduce the number of styles; quantities are still changing as beamlines’ designs are revised.

- LCFOA Magnet Workshop:                                         Spencer Intro

- 18 October 2006

## Quantities of each magnet style 

- The quantity to be made of each style varies widely, with some opportunities for very high volume orders, but most will be for quantities of 2 to 99 magnets:
- 5 styles have over 750 magnets each
- 3 styles have 500 to 750 magnets each
- About 60 styles have 100 to 500 magnets each
- About 95 styles have 2 to 99 magnets each
- REMEMBER: these counts will change

- LCFOA Magnet Workshop:                                         Spencer Intro

- 18 October 2006

## Excellent Reliability & Stability Required

- It is of paramount importance to the success of the ILC that
**every one of its magnets operates with excellent reliability,**
**while every effort must be made to produce them in a cost effective manner.  **
**In addition to high reliability we require the magnets, particularly the focusing elements, to be very mechanically stable;  maintaining alignment at the sub-micron level in many cases (sub-micron < 0.00025”).  **
- This will be accomplished, in part, by the use of precise mechanical ‘movers’ which will adjust a magnet’s position based on alignment information from beam-based measurements.
-  We must identify materials and fabrication processes that will yield stable and reliable magnets while having designs that are easy to manufacture and do not contain design faults.

- LCFOA Magnet Workshop:                                         Spencer Intro

- 18 October 2006

## WHAT WE HOPE WILL HAPPEN TODAY

- TODAY we are looking for input from magnet manufacturers on
**the setting of standards for the ILC magnet materials and hardware **
**your wisdom on the most accurate cost-estimating procedures for the production of accelerator magnets **
**your preferred magnet procurement process**
**your approximate fabrication capacity**
**anything else you would like to tell us about fabricating accelerator magnets**

- LCFOA Magnet Workshop:                                         Spencer Intro

- 18 October 2006