# Presentation: 076976

## A Double Super-Ferric Ring (DSF-MR) in the Tevatron for a Neutrino Factory 

**Outline**
**Motivation**
**Physics potential of long-baseline neutrino experiments**
**Possible detector sites for Fermilab long-baseline neutrino beams**
**Detector sites considered for CERN SPS neutrino beams**
**Proposed new Fermilab accelerator complex**
**Magnets for fast cycling DSF-MR accelerator**
**Tevatron infrastructure for use with DSF-MR**
**Projected cost and timeline**
**Summary and conclusions**
**     **
** ****Preliminary Note at: **
**           ****http://tdserver1.fnal.gov/project/Nu-factory/DSF-MR.doc**

## Motivation

**Startup of LHC in late 2007 brings end to the Tevatron**
**ILC with its primary motivation to study Higgs must wait for Higgs discovery at LHC to determine mass reach**
**Most theorists expect Higgs, or any other EW symmetry breaking mechanism, to appear at mass order of 1 TeV**
**It is likely to take few years for LHC to confirm or deny existence of SM Higgs (M ****Higgs**** < 0.8 TeV)**
**The US high-energy physics community must have an intermediate, high-profiled, accelerator based program**
**Intermediate program should be of moderate cost, so not to affect potential ILC construction if it becomes reality**
**Long baseline neutrino oscillation physics matches well the requirements of high-profile and cost effectiveness**

- A. Zlobin

- 2/24/98

## Physics potential of long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments 

**As limits on ∆ m****(****ν****α****,****ν****β****) get smaller the baseline, L, must be increased as:**
**                                            ****P****(****ν****α****->****ν****β****)**** ~ ∆ m****(****ν****α****,****ν****β****)**** x L x 1/E****ν**** **
**At current longest baselines (750 km, or so), the interpretation of results is uncertain due to 8-fold degeneracy of theory parameters   **
**It has been shown recently that there exist baseline at which parameter degeneracy is suppressed, and e.g. angle ****Θ**** (****ν****μ->****ν****e) ****will be directly measured. This “magic” baseline depends only on   matter density:                **
**                                    ****L magic = 32726 / ****ρ**** [g/cm****3****] => ~ 7250 km **
**                                    ****for ****ρ**** = 4.3 g/cm****3****   ****of Earth’s density profile**
**In addition, a combination of results at ~7500 km and ~3000 km allows to increase parameters sensitivity by > 3 order of magnitude   **
**     **

| Experiment |   Baseline
     [km] |   Sin2 θ13  |      δCP  | Mass
hierarchy |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| MINOS |     735 |   > 0.05 |      NO |      NO |
| CNGS |     732 |   > 0.02 |      NO |      NO |
|  New Exp. |    7500 +    
   3000 |  0.00005 |     YES |     YES |

- A. Zlobin

- 2/24/98

## Long baseline neutrino detector sites considered for CERN neutrino beams

**Magic baseline**
**    ****INO – Indian Neutrino Observatory, 2 sites considered:        **
**                         ****1. Ramman, N 27.4, E 88.1**
**                         ****2. Pushep, N 11.5, E 76.6**
**                ****Distance to CERN for both ~ 7125 km**
**   ****INO is a very serious, well documented proposal of 2006 !!**
**The “~3000 km” baseline**
**               ****- Santa Cruz (Canary Islands, Spain), 2750 km**
**               ****- Longyearbyen (Iceland, Norway), 3590 km**
**               ****- Pyhaesalami (Finland), 1995 km**

- A. Zlobin

- 2/24/98

## Potential detector sites for 7500 km baseline from Fermilab

**Only in Europe (excluding permafrost region of Chukotka),     **
**         ****e.g. Gran Sasso detector in Italy:**
**         ****~750 km from CERN, and ~ 7500 km from Fermilab**

- A. Zlobin

- 2/24/98

## Potential detector site at ~ 3000 km

**The ~ 3000 km baseline must be found within US**
**Mount Whitney: peak 4348 m, prominence ~ 3000 m, granite, non-seismic. At its foothill – city of Loan Pine, CA 93545 (airport, golf, hotels) => seems to be a perfect site for a neutrino detector at 2700 km away from FNAL**

- Sierra Nevada Mountain Ridge with MT Whitney (center)

- Baseline from FNAL to Loan Pine

- A. Zlobin

- 2/24/98

## Proton beam requirements for long baseline neutrino experiments

**Comparing NUMI to CNGS suggests that higher proton energy is advantageous in spite of much higher neutrino energy at CNGS adversely affecting oscillation probability **
**In literature there are statements suggesting use of the highest possible proton beam momentum, but the limit projections are complicated by neutrino detection methods **

|  | Proton energy
 [GeV] |     L 
  [km] |   E ν  
 [GeV] |  POT/Y
 x 10 19  |  Limit sin2 θ13
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FNAL
NUMI |   120 |    735 |     3 |     36 | > 0.05 |
| CERN
CNGS |   350 |    732 |   17.4 |     4.5 | > 0.02 |

- A. Zlobin

- 2/24/98

## Proposed new Fermilab accelerator complex

**Install two, 480 GeV, fast cycling accelerator rings in MR tunnel**
**Extract proton beams onto two new neutrino production targets to produce interchangeably neutrino beams to Europe (e.g. Gran Sasso), and/or to Mt Whitney **
**Operations for Soudan may continue while the DSF-MR is off**
**     ****(extraction line from the DSF-MR to NUMI is also possible) **

- A. Zlobin

- 2/24/98

## Operation & timing sequence for DSF-MR beams

**LINAC and Main Injector will be “recharged” every second, and the SF-MR1 and SF-MR2 will receive beam every 2 seconds**

- A. Zlobin

- 2/24/98

## Proton energy and beam power on target with DSF-MR

| Accelerator
System | Ion Source
Rep. Rate
     [Hz] |     Pulse
   Length
   [msec] | Protons per
    Cycle
   x 10 14  |    Proton
   Energy
    [GeV] | Beam Power
on Target
    [MW] |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|    Present |       15 |      0.09 |       0.45 |      8-120 |      0.40 |
| Present +  
DSF-MR |       15 |      0.09 |       0.90 |     45-480 |      3.20 |
|    Present + 
Accu. Stack
+ DSF-MR |       15 |      0.09 |       1.66 |     45-450 |      5.90 |
| 8 GeV Linac     
    + MI |       10 |         1 |        1.5 |      8-120 |     0.5 (2.0)* |

- * Assuming feasibility of high-duty factor H- source

- A. Zlobin

- 2/24/98

## DSF-MR magnets

**Proposed magnet and conductor options for the DSF-MR accelerator.**
**     ****Some details (magnetic design, Eddie currents effect, leads, power supply, cost, etc.) are presented in “LER and Fast Cycling SF-SPS”, Proceedings of LUMI-06 Conference dedicated to LHC luminosity**

- A. Zlobin

- 2/24/98

## DSF-MR power systems

-              Each DSF-MR accelerator ring supply ramps out of phase allowing
-            to share common harmonic filter and feeder systems.

- A. Zlobin

- 2/24/98

## DSF-MR power, RF and cryogenic systems

**New power system will have to be developed for DSF-MR.**
**    ****Each accelerator ring supply will be +/- 2000 V ramping supply at 100,000 A current and 162 MVA peak power**
**    ****Some equipment exists, and the present Tevatron power transformer of 40 MVA pulsed duty can support DSF-MR  **
**The Main Ring is already equipped with RF system for the Tevatron, but it must be seriously upgraded to meet the increased power demand for fast cycle of the DSF-MR**
**The existing Tevatron cryogenic system will be used**
**    ****(with some modifications) for the DSF-MR magnets.**
**    ****The expected DSF-MR required refrigeration power is at **
**    ****~(10-20)% of the Tevatron **

- A. Zlobin

- 2/24/98

## Neutrino production lines 

**The strong descent of the proton lines to the production targets is a significant civil engineering challenge. Most**
**    ****of the beam path (~1000 m), however, is a decay tube of **
**     ****π****/K -> μ + ****ν**** . With 42****0**** descending angle the neutrino target will have to be at depth of ~700 m. For comparison the Soudan detector is at ~ 700 m below the surface.**
**The Tevatron may be used magnets to construct the transfer lines from DSF-MR to the neutrino production targets**

- A. Zlobin

- 2/24/98

## Neutrino production lines

**Sketch of neutrino production lines for 2700 and 7500 km  baselines**

- A. Zlobin

- 2/24/98

## Cost estimate

| Neutrino beams subsystems |        [$M] |
| --- | --- |
| DSF-MR |        300 |
| Neutrino production
lines |        200 |
| Targets and muon
detection |          50 |
| Total |        550 |
| Contingency 30% |        165 |
| Grand total |        720 |

- A. Zlobin

- 2/24/98

## Timeline

| Activity |              Time [Y] |       Lapsed time [Y] |
| --- | --- | --- |
| DSF-MR design |                    1 |                    1 |
| Magnet R&D |                    2 |                    2 |
| Power supply R&D |                    2                   |                    2 |
| DSF-MR magnet production |                    3 |                    5 |
| Magnet rings installation |                    3 |                    5 |
| Neutrino beam lines |                    2 |                    5 |
| Neutrino targets  |                    2 |                    5 |
| Neutrino detectors |                    2 |                    5 |
| DSF-MR commissioning |                    1 |                    6 |

- A. Zlobin

- 2/24/98

## Summary & Conclusions

**DSF-MR accelerator will allow:**
**     ****-  open new opportunity for high expectations in particle **
**        ****physics research and possibly to probe particle mass scales **
**        ****well beyond SM with neutrino mass reach < 0.00005 eV **** **
**     ****-  utilize and preserve the potential of Fermilab as major**
**        ****US/World HEP Institution for the next 2 decades**
**The cost of DSF-MR is expected to be at ~ 10 % level**
**      ****of the projected Sub-TeV ILC, so it will not impede possible**
**      ****realization of the ILC, or other next HEP large scale project**

- A. Zlobin

- 2/24/98