# Presentation: 381015

## Quels sont les pathogènes transmissibles par le sang?
Pourquoi sont-ils nocifs?
Comment se proteger?
Quel est le plan d’action de l’unité sanitaire pour limiter l’exposition?

- Pourquoi sont-ils nocifs?
- Comment se proteger?
- Quel est le plan d’action de l’unité sanitaire pour limiter l’exposition?

**Objectives de la Conference**

**Notes:**
“In this training program, you are going to learn about what bloodborne pathogens are; some of the important/serious diseases they cause and their symptoms; how they are transmitted, or spread; what you can do to prevent contracting these diseases; and what our Exposure Control Plan is here at (fill in your company name).

“Before we begin discussing bloodborne pathogens, I am going to start with a general overview of microorganisms and how they cause diseases.”

## Survol General 

**PATHOGÈNE**: un microbe qui provoque une maladie.

| Exemples des Maladies Provoquées par les Pathogènes |  |
| --- | --- |
| Viruses | SIDA, L’Hepatite B, rhumes, grippe, Herpes |
| Bacteries | Maladies Intestinales, Tuberculose, Gonorrhée |
| Mycoses | Teigne, Champignons, Asthme/allergies |
| Parasites | Giardiase, Paludisme, Trichinose |

**Image courtesy Indigo Instruments. Visit http://www.indigo.com for more original content like this. Reprint permission is granted with this footer included.* *

**Notes:**
“Microorganisms that cause diseases are generally referred to as pathogens.  They are generally classified into four main groups:
“Viruses: Are extremely small infectious agents that are basically packages of genetic material.  They can reproduce only within cells of living hosts by taking over and forcing the host cells to reproduce the virus. Some examples of illnesses they cause include AIDS (caused by HIV); Hepatitis B; a variety of colds and flus; and Herpes. 
“Bacteria: Are one-celled living organisms that do not require a living host cell to reproduce. E.coli and salmonella are a couple of examples that cause intestinal diseases; tuberculosis and gonorrhea are other examples.
“Fungi: Fungi include yeasts and molds. They are single or multi-celled plants that live by decomposing and absorbing the organic material in which they grow.  They can cause diseases such as athlete’s foot, ring worm, and farmer’s lung, and also cause asthma and allergies.
“Parasites:  Are single or multi-celled plants or animals that live upon, or within, other living organisms (hosts) from which they obtain some advantage, like nutrients. Some examples include giardia (beaver fever); malaria; and trichinosis.  Trichinosis is caused by eating raw or undercooked pork and wild game products infected with the larvae of the Trichinella worm.”

## Transmission des Maladies

**Transmission des Maladies**

- Les Organismes peuvent entrer dans le corps par

-  L’Inhalation
-    Air

- Le Contact
-    transmis par le sang

-    Air

- L’Ingestion
-   Nourriture  Contaminée, eau sâle

**Notes:**
“Routes of Transmission:  The first step in preventing disease is to keep the organism from entering the body. There are three primary routes of entry:
“Inhalation:  a pathogen is usually carried on respiratory droplets in the air and enters the respiratory system; for example, colds, flu, and tuberculosis are transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes and spreads the microorganism through the air to others.
“Ingestion:  the pathogen is ingested, usually via contaminated hand or food.  For example, in food-borne outbreaks of Hepatitis A, the virus is shed in the feces of an infected restaurant worker who doesn’t wash his/her hands properly after going to the bathroom, and then spreads the virus by handling or preparing uncooked foods or foods after cooking.  
“Bloodborne contact:  This is the focus of today’s training.  In the following slides, I will explain how bloodborne diseases are transmitted, which diseases are of primary concern, their incidence and prevalence, and the symptoms of these diseases.”

## Pathogènes Transmissibles par le Sang (PTSs)

**Pathogènes Transmissibles par le Sang (PTSs)**

- Autres
- Matières Potentiellement Infectieuses

- Présent dans le
- Sang

- ou

**Notes:**
“Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms that are present in blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) and can cause disease.
“’Blood’ includes human blood, human blood components, products made from human blood, and also medications derived from blood (e.g., immune globulins, albumin, etc.).”

## Pathogènes Transmissibles par le SangAutres Matières Potentiellement Infectieues [AMPI]

**Pathogènes Transmissibles par le Sang****Autres Matières Potentiellement Infectieues [AMPI]**

**Le sperme, les secretions vaginales**
**Liquides corporels tel que les liquides  pleurales, rachidiennes, peri-cardiques, peritonéales, synoviales,  amniotiques**
**Salive (si le sang est présent.)**
**Tout liquide corporel visiblement ou potentiellement contaminé par le sang**

**Tout tissu non-fixé ou organe (a part le peau intact ) d’un être humain (vivant ou mort)**
**Toute culture biologique contenant potentiellement les viruses.**
**sang, organes, & tissus des animaux infectés par le HIV, HBV, ou autres PTSs**

**Notes:**
“OPIM include certain body fluids or tissues that may contain bloodborne pathogens, such as” 
    (Run through the list.)
“Other body fluids and materials, such as saliva, tears, urine, and feces, are not considered OPIM unless they are contaminated with blood or with the OPIM body fluids or tissues listed on this slide.”

## Transmission des PTSs

- Les Pathogènes PTS peut entrer le corps par

- Un brèche dans le peau  (coupure, brûlure, plaie, etc.)
- membranes muqeuses (yeux, né, bouche)
- Contact sexuel
- autres modes

**Notes:**
“In an infected person, bloodborne pathogens are transmitted to another person when infected blood or body fluids (OPIM) can gain entry through another person’s blood, mucus membranes, or by sexual contact.  For example: if you get cut with an object (needle, scalpel, glass, etc.) that is contaminated with infected blood or OPIM, or if infected body fluid splashes into your eyes.
“Intact skin will prevent the transmission of bloodborne pathogens because BBPs cannot penetrate intact skin.  Non-intact skin – skin that is chapped (cracked) or has cuts, abrasions, lesions, acne, or other openings, or is afflicted with dermatitis – will not.  You can, however, become potentially infected if you have infected blood or OPIM on intact skin, for example on your hand, and then you rub your eyes, thus allowing a route of entry through the eyes.
“Other modes of transmission will be discussed when we go over the individual BBPs of concern.”

## Transmission des PTSs

- La Risque d’infection reste sur plusieurs éléments:

- Le pathogène impliqué
- La route d’exposition
- La quantité de microbes dans le sang infecté au moment de l’exposition
- La quantité de sang infecté impliqué dans l’exposition
- Si le traitement post-exposition a été utilisé
- La réponse immune de l’individu donné

*Courtesy of Owen Mumford, Inc.*

**Notes:**
“Most exposures do not result in infection. Following a specific exposure, the risk of infection may vary with factors such as

The pathogen involved
The type or route of exposure
The amount of virus in the infected blood at the time of exposure
The amount of infected blood involved in the exposure
Whether post-exposure treatment was taken
The immune status and specific response of the infected individual

(Note: the graphic shows the tip of an injection needle.)

## Maladies Transmissibles par le Sang

| Principales pathogènes potentiellement importants |  |
| --- | --- |
| Hépatite B  (HBV) | –    Hépatite B |
| Hépate C Virus (HCV) | –    Hépatite C |
| Virus de l’immunodeficience Humaine (VIH) | –    SIDA |

- Quelques exemples de pathogènes transmissibles par le sang:

- Paludisme
- Syphilis
- Brucellose
- Leptospirose

- Infections Arbovirales
- Borréliose
- Maladie de Creutzfeld-Jakob
- Fièvre Hémorrhagique Virale

**Notes:**
“Some examples of BBPs are (run through list).
“The main bloodborne pathogens of concern that we are going to go over today are Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or AIDS.”

(Note: A person can have co-infections - two or more infections in the body at the same time.  For example,a person having HIV/HCV co-infection has both HIV and HCV.)

##  L’Hépatite Virale - Survol

- Le Virus s’attaque au foie  inflammation, élargissement, et sensibilité
- Infections de type aigües et chroniques
- Atteinte hépatique peut-être banale, jusque  fatale

**Notes:**
“Hepatitis viruses are very infectious organisms that attack the liver, causing inflammation of the liver and often enlargement and tenderness of the liver.
“Viral hepatitis infections can be acute (short-term) or some can become chronic (long-term)  and last the rest of one’s lifetime.
“Hepatitis infection can result in liver damage that is mild, severe, or fatal.

“Let’s look at Hepatitis B.”

## Fragile – peut durer quelques heures seulement dans un environnement sec
S’attaque au système immun
Donne le SIDA
>1 million personnes infectés aux U.S.A.
Pas de guérison, pas encore de vaccin.

- S’attaque au système immun
- Donne le SIDA
- >1 million personnes infectés aux U.S.A.
- Pas de guérison, pas encore de vaccin.

**Virus d l’immunodeficience Humain (HIV)**

**Faits Générales**

**Notes:**
“The Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV, is fragile compared to HBV.  It does not survive well outside the body and can live in a dry environment for only a few hours.  No one has yet been identified as infected with HIV due to contact with an environmental surface. 
“HIV attacks your body’s ability to protect itself from disease.  It destroys the human immune system by attacking certain cells known as T cells, which are part of the first line of defense that our immune system has to fight infection.  
“HIV is the cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, or AIDS.
“There are now more than one million HIV-infected persons in the US.
“There is no cure and no vaccine available yet.”

## Contrôles d’Exposition

-    de TRAITER TOUT SANG HUMAN et TOUT AMPI**       **COMME SI ON CONNAIT QU’IL EST INFECTÉ PAR UN PTS.

**Contrôles d’Exposition**

**PRÉCAUTIONS UNIVERSELLES**

**Notes:**
“(State your company name here) follows Universal Precautions.  The concept of universal precautions is an infection control system that considers blood and other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) from all persons as containing a bloodborne disease, whether or not the person has been identified as having a bloodborne disease.  Therefore, you must handle all such materials using methods that prevent or reduce the risk of exposure to yourself.  Observe and follow Universal Precautions in all situations where there is a potential for contact with blood or OPIM.”
(*Modify this slide if your company follows Standard Precautions, Blood-body Fluid Precautions, or Body Substance Isolation system.)

## Contrôles D’exposition

**Nettoyage des deversements accidentels, et verrerie cassé et objets tranchants contaminés par le sang ou AMPI**

- Porter des verres protectrices et un masque, si les éclaboussures sont anticipées.
- Enlever le verre et d’autres matières tranchantes en utilisant une blayette et une pelle, des forceps, des pinces, etc.  **Ne pas utiliser les mains! **
- Correctement disposer toute matière dans un récipient pour les tranchants qui résiste au ponctions.[biohazardous waste container]
- Utilisez les serviettes jetables pour absorber les matières versées.

**Protocoles de Sécurité au Travail**

## Protocoles de Sécurité au Travail

## Contrôles d’Expositions

- Nettoyer l’endroit avec eau de javel à 10% ou un autre désinfectant.
- Saturez l’endroit avec le  désinfectant.  Laissez pour 10 minutes (ou comme précisé dans la notice) ou laissez sacher à l’air.
- Correctement disposer des matières de nettoyage dans les récipients designées pour la matière dangereuse.

**Protocoles de Sécurité au Travail**

**Nettoyage des deversements accidentels, et verrerie cassé et objets tranchants contaminés (suite)**

## Incident d’Exposition

**Si vous subissez un indicent d’exposition au sang ou AMPI, faire immediatement le suivant:**

- Nettoyer bien l’endroit impliqué
- 	-  Lavez les piqures d’aiguille, les coupures, et le peau avec l’eau et le savon
-     -  Rinsez avec bcp d’eau les éclaboussures au né et bouche
-     -  Irrigez les yeux avec de l’eau propre, du saliné ou des irrigants stériles
- Notifiez l’exposition à l’***RMO ****ou ****FSHP****;* remplir un “Incident Report Form”

**Notes:**
(Run through slide)
“In the Incident Report Form, try to describe the exposure event in as much detail as possible and submit the report to (your supervisor, responsible person or department, etc.)

## Des Questions?