# Presentation: 460033

## (Draft)

***Tips for Developing ******PowerPoint Presentations***

## Objective of This Session

**After this session participants will be able to describe tips for developing PowerPoint slides**

## Tips

**Versatility of PowerPoint **
**Slide design and layout**
**Content **
**Text**
**Tables, charts, graphs, and maps**
**Illustrations, diagrams, photos, and computer screen captures**
**Animation**
**Tricks for presenting**

## Versatility ofPowerPoint

## Wide Variety of Images

**Text**

**Tables**

**Cartoons**

**Charts and Graphs**

**Maps**

**Diagrams**

**Illustrations**

**Photos**

**Computer Screen Captures**

| Number | Country |
| --- | --- |
| 50 | USA |
| 35 | Latvia |

## Wide Variety of Media

**Animation**
**Sound **
**Video (DVDs)**
**Internet**

## Various Print Options

**C****o****l****o****r****, **_**grey scale**_**,**** black & white**
**Slides**
**1 slide per page**
**Handouts**
**1, 2, 4, 6, 9 slide(s) per page**
**Notes**
**Image of slide and notes**
**1, 2, 4, 6 slide(s) plus notes per page **
**Outline**
**Changes slides to an outline format**

**Notes:**
Explain the various print options.

While explaining also demonstrate what the print options will look like.

## Various Uses

**Slides**
**Overhead transparencies**
**Print onto transparencies**
**Print out slides (1 per page) and copy onto transparencies**
**Posters **
**Up to 56” x 56” **
**Horizontal or vertical format**

## LCD Projector

**The LCD projector projects whatever is on the computer screen **
**PowerPoint**
**Word**
**Excel **
**Many types of documents can be viewed and do not have to be brought into PowerPoint**
**During meetings it can be used for **
**Taking notes**
**Making group changes to documents**

## Slide Design and Layout

## Various Design Templates

**See slide design templates on the right of the screen**

## Various Layouts

**Text**
**Content **
**Text and Content**
**Other**

**See slide layout box on the right of the screen**

## Content

## Provide Structure to the Presentation

**Sections**
**Title**
**Objectives (for instructional presentation)**
**Overview of what will be covered**
**Section titles (especially for long presentations)**
**Review or question slides at the end**
**Page numbers on the handouts**
**Slide numbers **

## How to Add Slide Numbers

**Use 20 pt. bold**** (so it can be seen when slides are printed)**
**To insert slide number**
**Click on ****Insert**** (located in the top toolbar)**
**Click ****“Slide number”**** ****Check the ****“slide number”**** box **
**Click ****“Apply to all”**

## How to Add Slide Numbers (cont.)

**To format slide number**
**Click on ****“View”**** (in top toolbar)**
**Click on ****“Master”**** **
**Click on ****“Slide Master”**
**Select ****# ****(the symbol for the page number in the lower right corner)**
**Right click**** the mouse**
**Select ****“Font”**** and make any changes**
**Click ****“OK”**** **
**Select the box with the slide number to move it to another location**
**Type titles into the box with the slide number, if desired, by placing the cursor either before or after the “<#>” symbols and type as usual**

## Amount of Content

**Include only the ****“need to know” ****information**
**Do not include the “nice to know”**
**Use handouts for detailed content**

## Number of Slides for a Presentation

**Plan on about ****1 – 2 minutes per slide**** (but it can vary)**
**Practice with slides for a realistic time estimate**

## Text

## Measles - Serological Assays

**IgM**
** ****Indirect EIA **
**Measles antigen bound to a solid-phase**
**Peroxidase-labeled anti-human IgM**
**IgG antibodies can block antimeasles IgM from binding to the Ag  (False -). Then they should be removed before testing **
**Some IgM can be removed: reduced sensitivity**
**Capture EIA**
**IgM antibodies absorbed onto a solid-phase**
**Other IGg are washed  away**
**Measles nucleoprotein Ag + Monoclonal antibody for the Ag+ streptavidin peroxidase+ chromogen substrate**
**Absorbance values P-N >= 0.1 and P/N >= 3.00**

_***What is wrong with this slide***__***?***_

**IgG **
**Indirect EIA **
**Measles nucleoprotein bound to a solid-phase**
**Peroxidase-labeled anti-human IgG**
**Absorbance values P-N >= 0.09 and P/N >= 3.00  **
**Some IgM can be removed: reduced sensitivity**
**Plaque Reduction Neutralization (PRN) “gold standard” highest sensitivity and specificity**
**10-fold more sensitive than std neutralization, 60-fold more sensitive than hemagglutination-inhibition, 200-fold more sensitive than complement fixation**
**Serum dilution capable of preventing 50% of plaque formation by measles virus in cell cultures**
**PRN titer >= 120 (255 mIU/ml) protective**

## Amount of Text on Slide

**Limit the amount of text within a bullet**
**Limit the number of bullets**
**Provide “white” space so information can be easily grasped **
**Keep words to minimum**
**Use bulleted lists**
**Use simple descriptions**
**Avoid complete sentences/paragraphs**

## For a Lot of Information

**Put the details in a handout for review later**
**Split information onto multiple slides **
**For complex concepts, provide an overview, then go to details**

## Font

| Best | Use Sparingly 
(because they are hard to read) |
| --- | --- |
| Sans serif - without serifs (Arial, Helvetica)T     no serifs Width of letters is consistent     | Serif – with serif (Times Roman, Century)T     serifs Short lines at the ends of letters and width of letters varies |
| Use a consistent font style throughout presentation | Fancy type fonts only for the title slides and headings – but use a legible font |

## Font

| Best | Use Sparingly (because they are hard to read) |
| --- | --- |
| Bold | Regular
For less important information |
|  | Italics 
For Scientific names
       Quotes
       Books and journals |
|  | Underline
For Emphasis (but only on occasion) |
| Shadow (can help sometimes) | No shadows |

## Text

| Best | Use Sparingly (because they are hard to read) |
| --- | --- |
| Initial Caps and Lower Case | ALL CAPS – for titles, or emphasis |
| Actual numbers and characters  
(1, 2, 3, >, =) | Do not spell them out
(one, two, three, greater than, equals) |

## Text Size

**32 – 40 pt. – ****Headings**
**28 – 32 pt. – Sub headings**
**20 – 24 pt. – Sub-sub****                   headings**
**18 pt. or under  - is difficult to read from**
**                              ****the back of the room**

**Title Slide**

**Heading**
**Sub heading**
**Sub-sub heading**

**40 – 44 pt. – Title slides**

## Color

**Text color **_**has**_** to contrast **
**with background**

**Use**
**light colored text****on****dark background**

**Use**
**dark colored text ****on ****light background**

**Do NOT use**
**light colored text**** ****on ****light background**

**Do NOT use**
**dark colored text****on****dark background**

## Color (cont.)

**Can enhance instruction and provide ****emphasis**** **
**Is ****lost**** when printing slides in black and white**
**Use appropriate color combinations **
**Some may look fine on computer screen but not when projected**
**Do not use ****red**** and ****green**** together because those with color blindness cannot distinguish these colors**

**What numbers do you see?**

## Tables, Charts, Graphs, and Maps

## Tables

| Uses | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Organize | Separate information
Easy to grasp |
| Compare | Emphasize similarities or differences |

## What is wrong with this slide?

- * Includes Imported, imported-linked, and imported virus cases

_***What is wrong with this slide?***_

## The slide has been improved

*** Includes Imported, imported-linked, and imported virus cases**

_***The slide has been improved***_

## Evaluation of Pregnant Women Exposed to Rubella

- Negative

- Repeat IgM/IgG in 2-3 weeks (Test concurrently with first specimen)

- Acute infection

- Immune

- Immune Globulin within 1 week
- If termination of pregnancy is not planned

- IgM- /IgG +

- IgM-/IgG -

- Susceptible

- Positive

- IgM+/IgG-

- IgM+/IgG+

- Acute Infection or
- False IgM Positive

- Repeat IgG
- IgG Avidity testing

- No significant increase IgG titers
- High avidity IgM

- IgM and IgG  at the time of exposure (Save sera)

- Significant  increase IgG titers
- Low avidity

- Discuss risks for pregnancy outcome

- Discuss risks for pregnancy outcome

- Repeat IgM/IgG, 6 weeks after exposure
- (Test concurrently with first specimen)

- Positive

- Negative

- Acute infection

- Infection discarded

- Likely False Positive

- Acute Infection

***Evaluation of Pregnant Women Exposed to Rubella***

_***What is wrong with this chart?***_

## Evaluation of Pregnant Women Exposed to Rubella

**Negative**

**Repeat IgM/IgG in ****2-3 weeks****(Test concurrently with first specimen)**

**Acute****infection**

**Immune  **

**Immune Globulin within ****1 week**
**If termination of pregnancy is not planned**

**IgM- /IgG +**

**IgM-/IgG **

**Susceptible**

**Positive**

**IgM+/IgG- **

**IgM+/IgG+**

**Acute Infection or False IgM Positive**

**Repeat IgG IgG Avidity testing**

**No significant increase IgG titers**
**High avidity IgM **

**IgM and IgG at the time of exposure (Save sera)**

**Significant  increase IgG titers**
**Low avidity**

**Discuss risks for pregnancy outcome**

**Discuss risks for pregnancy outcome**

**Repeat IgM/IgG, 6 weeks after exposure**
**(Test concurrently with first specimen)**

**Positive**

**Negative**

**Acute infection**

**Infection discarded**

**Likely False Positive**

**Acute ****Infection**

***Evaluation of Pregnant Women Exposed to Rubella***

_***The chart has been improved***_

## Designing Charts, Graphs, and Maps 

**Use simple designs so the concept is easy to grasp**
**Design so that the legends, data, and information can also be seen in handouts when -**
**Printed in black and white or grey scale**
**Reduced in size**
**Can create in PowerPoint or import from other sources such as Excel ****(may need reformatting)**

## Sample Graph

_***Sample Graph***_

## TB Disease in Kenya: 1990-2005

***TB Disease in Kenya: 1990-2005***

_***Sample Graph***_

## Reported measles incidence rate per 100,000 population, 2004*

**Reported measles incidence rate per 100,000 population, 2004***

**<1 *****(115 countries or 60%)***

**5- <10 *****(11 countries or 6%)***

**1- <5 *****(27 countries or 14%)***

**10- <50 *****(17 countries or 8%)***

**>=50 *****(11 countries or 6%)***

**No data *****(11 countries or 6%)***

- Source: WHO/IVB database. *2004 data are provisional
- Data as of July 2005

_***Sample Map***_

## Illustrations, Cartoons, Diagrams, Photos, and Computer Screen Captures

## Use the Draw Feature in PowerPoint

**Arrows**

**Auto Shapes**

**Flow charts**

**Call outs**

**  ****Rotate****and Flip**

## Copyright Issues

**Obtain written permission from authors, organizations, and/or production companies**
**No permission is necessary for US government materials**
**Always give credit to the source**
**Adhere to the “Fair Use Exemption” factors**

## Adhere to the Fair Use Exemption Factors

**Copyright law allows for the free use of copyrighted work for purposes such as**
**Criticism**
**Comments**
**Reporting**
**Teaching**
**Research **
**If your use falls within the “Fair Use” exemption factors, then properly acknowledge the source, which includes giving a full citation to the copyrighted material**

## Adhere to the Fair Use Exemption Factors

| Factors | In Favor | Opposing |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Purpose | Educational, research | Commercial activity, entertainment  |
| Nature of work being used | Published, factual, important to objectives | Unpublished work, highly creative |

## Adhere to the Fair Use Exemption Factors

| Factors | In Favor | Opposing |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Amount | Small quantity, portion used is not central or significant to entire work  | Large portion or whole work used. Portion used is central to work or “heart” of the work  |
| Effect | User owns lawfully acquired or purchased copy of original work. One or few copies made by user  | Could replace sale of copyrighted work 
Significantly impairs market or potential market for copyrighted work or derivative  |

## Computer Screen Captures

**To capture a screen image on the computer**
**Go to the image on the screen that you want**
**Press ****Ctrl + Alt + Print Screen**
**Go to the PowerPoint slide where you want the image to appear**
**Click on “paste” (or ****Ctrl + V****)**
**To format the image**
**Select (or click on) the image in the presentation**
**Right click **
**Go to “Format Picture”**
**Choose what you want to change (i.e., size, colors, lines, picture)**

## To Reduce the Byte Size of Photos

**Select (or click on) any photo in the presentation**
**Right click **
**Go to “Format Picture”**
**Click on “Compress”**
**Choose “Apply to” “All pictures in document”**
**Choose “OK”**

## Animation

## Ways to Use Animation Appropriately

**Keep it simple**
**Use only if it has a purpose**
**Asking questions**
**Building concepts **
**Illustrating processes**
**Use consistent style**

## Pandemic Strain Emergence:  Reassortment of Influenza A Viruses

**Avian **
**virus**

**Avian **
**Reservoir**

***Pandemic Strain Emergence:  Reassortment of Influenza A Viruses***

**New reassorted**
**virus**

**? Other mammals**

## How to Make Animated Text (or object) to “Appear”

**Click on what you want to animate**
**Click on “Slide Show”**
**Click on “Custom Animation”**
**Click on “Add effect”**
**Click on “Entrance”**
**Click on “Appear”**
**(To delete the animation select it and click on “remove”)**

## Tricks for Presenting

## Tricks for Presenting

| Action | Key Strokes |
| --- | --- |
| To hide certain slides | Select the slide, Go to “Slide Show” 
Click on “Hide Slide” |
| To blacken the screen | Click on “B” |
| To whiten the screen | Click on “W” |
| To go to the beginning | Click on “Home” |
| To go to the end | Click on “End” |
| To get out of slide show | Click on “Escape” |

## Use the PowerPoint Ballpoint Pen, Felt Tip Marker, and Highlighter Tools During Presentations 

**Click on the tool (at the bottom left of the screen while in slide show)**
**Select the item you want to use**
**Hold down the left mouse button to draw**
**To erase click on the tool and click on the eraser then go to the slide and move the mouse or wait until the slide show is over and a dialog box will ask you if you want to save what you did**

## Questions ???