# Presentation: 247774

## International EOS/NPP Direct Readout MeetingOctober 2005National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System(NPOESS)Direct Readout  Mission

**International EOS/NPP Direct Readout Meeting****October 2005****National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System****(NPOESS)****Direct Readout  Mission**

**Notes:**
NPOESS community refers to Direct Readout systems as Field Terminals

While Field Terminals make up a segment of NPOESS we will be developing only software.

Prior to release of RFP for NPOESS the Integrated Program Office and DOC and DoD agreed that NPOESS should provide only software and the respective agencies would build there own terminals to meet their unique environmental requirements.  

## Direct Readout Lab Roadmap to NPP and Beyond

**Direct Readout Lab Roadmap to NPP and Beyond**

**Notes:**
Evolution of satellites , signal processing, technologies developed and available to Users and Vendors

Looking for technologies needed by Users for NPOESS era

## Data Volume Evolution

**DMSP** (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program)

**EOS **(Earth Observing System)

**NPOESS **(National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System)

**Sensor data rate: 1.5 Mbps**
**Data latency: 100-150 min.**
**1.7 GigaBytes per day (DMSP)**
**6.3**** ****GigaBytes per day (POES)**

**15 Mbps sensor data rate**
**Data latency: 100-180 min.**
**Data availability: 98%**
**Ground revisit time: 12 hrs.**
**2.6 TeraBytes per day (EOS)**
**2.4 TeraBytes per day (NPP)**

**20 Mbps sensor data rate**
**Data latency: 28 min.**
**Data availability: 99.98%**
**Autonomy capability:  60 days**
**Selective encryption/deniability**
**Ground revisit time: 4-6 hrs.**
**8.1 TeraBytes per day**

**POES** (Polar Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites)

**NPP** (NPOESS Preparatory Project)

**1960 - 2010**

**2000 - 2010**

**2010 – 2020+**

**NPOESS Satisfies Evolutionary Program Needs with Enhanced Capabilities**

**Data Volume Evolution**

**Notes:**
Note increase of data rates and storage growth that will be needed in future

Highlight data latency improvement

Data access for military with EOS, NPP and NPOESS

## RF Communications Subsystem Overview 

**LRD**
**L-band, earth coverage spacecraft antenna**
**Channel rate at 7.76 Mbps**

**HRD**
**X-band, earth coverage spacecraft antenna**
**Channel rate of 40 Mbps**

- DRR Wideband ground communications

**LRD FTS Sites**

**SafetyNet SMD Downlink**
- Ka-band, biaxial steerable spacecraft antenna
- High rate mission data and real-time and/or stored telemetry provided with low latency worldwide

**C3S**

**Svalbard, Norway**
- Primary T&C

**HRD FTS Sites**

**Command**
- S-band, omni antenna
- Encryption/Authentication
**Telemetry**
- S-band, omni antenna

**Command and Uploads**
- S-band, omni antenna
- Encryption/Authentication
**Telemetry**
- S-band, omni antenna
- Both real-time and stored telemetry channels

**TDRS **
-  LEO&A
-  On-orbit backup

## Overview Spacecraft Iso-view

**Overview Spacecraft Iso-view**

- S-band Antenna (Zenith)

- CMIS Antenna Unit

- VIIRS

- ADCS Antenna-Tx

- ATMS

- CRIS

- SESS HORUS

**HRD Antenna**

**LRD Antenna**

- SARSAT Antenna-Tx

- S-band Antenna (Nadir)

- TSIS

- Altimeter CRIMSS

- SARSAT/ADCS Antenna-Rx

**NPOESS Spacecraft**
**(1730 Orbit Shown)**

## HRD RF Downlink Characteristics

| Parameter | Value/Characteristics |
| --- | --- |
| Carrier Frequency | 7.834 GHz, nominal |
| Polarization | RHCP |
| Antenna Axial Ratio | < 5 dB (within antenna FOV of + 62 degrees) |
| Modulation | SQPSK |
| Pulse Shaping | Square root raised cosine (SRRC)pulse shaping ( = 0.5) |
| Channel Data Rate | 40 Mbps
(Includes all CCSDS, Reed-Solomon and convolutional encoding overhead) |
| Decoded BER | <10-8  |
| Link Availability | > 99.6% at worst-location(Using ITU-R P. 618-8 orbit averaging) |

## HRD RF Downlink CharacteristicsCoding/Randomization

| Parameter | Value/Characteristic |
| --- | --- |
| Data Format | NRZ-M (Prior to convolutional encoding) |
| Reed-Solomon Coding | (255, 223) with Interleave Depth = 4 |
| Convolution Coding: 
  Coding Rate (R)
  Constraint Length
  Connection Vectors
  Phase Relationship
  Symbol Inversion
  Number of Encoders | (CCSDS 101.0-B-6)
1/2
7
G1=1111001, G2=1011011
G1 symbol before G2 symbol
G2
1 |
| Data Randomization:
  Generator     | (CCSDS 101.0-B-6)
h(x)=x8+x7+x5+x3+1 |

## HRD EIRP vs. Nadir Angle

**Shaped beam antenna compensates for space & rain loss variation (function of ground antenna elevation angle) to provide near constant PFD at surface of Earth**

## HRD Downlink Spectral Mask

**  ****SRRC pulse shaping provides bandwidth efficient spectral occupancy**

## HRD Long-Term Orbit-Averaged Availability

**Orbit-Average availability over any short-term period may be different than long-term average**

## LRD RF Downlink Characteristics

| Parameter | Value/Characteristics |
| --- | --- |
| Carrier Frequency | 1.707 GHz, nominal |
| Polarization | RHCP |
| Antenna Axial Ratio | < 3 dB (within antenna FOV of + 62 degrees) |
| Modulation | SQPSK |
| Pulse Shaping | Square root raised cosine (SRRC)pulse shaping ( = 0.5) |
| Channel Data Rate | 7.76 Mbps
(Includes all CCSDS, Reed-Solomon and convolutional encoding overhead) |
| Decoded BER | <10-8  |
| Link Availability | > 99.9% at worst-location(Using ITU-R P. 618-8 orbit averaging & exclude ionosphere scintillation) |

## LRD RF Downlink CharacteristicsCoding/Randomization

| Parameter | Value/Characteristic |
| --- | --- |
| Data Format | NRZ-M (Prior to convolutional encoding) |
| Reed-Solomon Coding | (255, 223) with Interleave Depth = 4 |
| Convolution Coding: 
  Coding Rate (R)
  Constraint Length
  Connection Vectors
  Phase Relationship
  Symbol Inversion
  Number of Encoders | (CCSDS 101.0-B-6)
1/2
7
G1=1111001, G2=1011011
G1 symbol before G2 symbol
G2
1 |
| Data Randomization:
  Generator     | (CCSDS 101.0-B-6)
h(x)=x8+x7+x5+x3+1 |

## LRD EIRP vs. Nadir Angle

**Shaped beam antenna compensates for space and rain loss Variation (function of ground antenna elevation angle) to provide near constant PFD at surface of Earth**

## LRD Downlink Spectral Mask

**  ****SRRC pulse shaping provides bandwidth efficient spectral occupancy**

## LRD Long-Term Orbit-Averaged Availability

**Orbit-Average availability over any short-term period may be different than long-term average**

## NPOESS / NPP Sensor Manifest

**NPOESS / NPP Sensor Manifest**

**1330 - NPOESS**

**1730 - NPOESS**

**2130 - NPOESS**

**1030** - **NPP**

**VIIRS**

**CMIS**

**CrIS**

**ATMS**

**SESS**

**SS**

**SARSAT**

**ADCS**

**ERBS**

**OMPS**

**VIIRS**

**CMIS**

**VIIRS**

**CMIS**

**SS**

**SARSAT**

**ADCS**

**ALT**

**TSIS**

**VIIRS**

**CrIS**

**ATMS**

**SS**

**CrIS**

**ATMS**

**APS**

**SARSAT**

**CERES**

**OMPS**

**SESS**

**SESS**

**Notes:**
Reminder of payload manifest

VIIRS largest contributor of data @ 10.5Mbps with Rice Lossless compression at 1.8:1

Sensors produce raw data for EDR production.

## LRD Data Content Balances Performance and Provides Flexibility

- Limited LRD Bandwidth

**Programmable LRD downlink **
**provides flexibility for the future**

**1330 & 1730**

**2130**

- CrIS

- CMIS

- VIIRS

- Selection of compression (6:1) applied to selected VIIRS mission data for increased mission data throughput in downlink

**Notes:**
2 points on this chart –

1)  shows each sensor configuration by spacecraft Nodal crossing time

2)  Programmable LRD Link means that we can change data in link by APID, for example we could have more imagery over land and more sounding data over oceans – configurations will be determined by procedures to be defined during next few years well before launch.

## Field Terminal Ancillary Data Approach

** ****Dynamic ancillary data contained within LRD and HRD downlinks to meet specified performance levels**
** ****Data for six pressure levels from the NWP forecast model **
- Temperature
- Humidity
- Surface pressure
- Standard pressure levels
- Wind speed, wind direction
- Precipitable water
** ****For SESS EDR production**
- Effective sunspot number and global geomagnetic Kp
** ****NPOESS mission support data server, accessible via internet**

**Notes:**
Read Chart

## Ancillary Data DownlinkGraphical Representations

** ****16 points spaced 200 kilometers apart at right angles to the ground track **
** ****Completely covers the area viewed by all sensors**
** ****Successive lines 200 kilometers apart**
** ****Each line transmitted twice to ensure receipt by the ground**

**Path of the satellite**

**Notes:**
Explain uplink and downlink conops – 2 orbit wide swaths of ancillary data

## Slide 20

## NPOESS High Rate Data (HRD)Environmental Data Records (EDRs)

**NPOESS High Rate Data (HRD)****Environmental Data Records (EDRs)**

**Atm Vertical Moisture Profile**

**Atm Vertical Temp Profile**

**Imagery**

**Sea Surface Temperature**

**Sea Surface Winds**

**Soil Moisture**

**Active Fires**

**Aerosol Particle Size**

**Aerosol Refractive Index**

**Albedo (Surface)**

**Auroral Boundary**

**Auroral Energy Deposition**

**Auroral Imagery**

**Cloud Base Height**

**Cloud Cover/Layers**

**Cloud Effective Particle Size**

**Cloud Ice Water Path**

**Cloud Liquid Water**

**Cloud Optical Thickness**

**Cloud Particle Size/Distribution**

**Cloud Top Height**

**Aerosol Optical Thickness**

**Cloud Top Pressure**

**Cloud Top Temperature **

**Downward LW Radiance (Sfc)**

**Downward SW  Radiance(Sfc)**

**Electric Field**

**Electron Density Profile**

**Energetic Ions**

**Geomagnetic Field **

**Ice Surface Temperature**

**In-*****situ***** Plasma Fluctuations**

**In-*****situ***** Plasma Temperature**

**Ionospheric Scintillation**

**Medium Energy Charged Particles**

**Land Surface Temperature**

**Net Heat Flux**

**Net Solar Radiation (TOA)**

**Neutral Density Profile**

**Ocean Color/Chlorophyll**

**Ocean Wave Characteristics**

**Outgoing LW Radiation (TOA)**

**Ozone; Total Column/Profile**

**Precipitable Water**

**Precipitation Type/Rate **

**Pressure (Surface/Profile)**

**Sea Ice Characterization**

**Sea Surface Height/Topo.**

**Snow Cover/Depth**

**Solar Irradiance**

**Supra-Thermal-Auroral Part.**

**Surface Type**

**Surface Wind Stress**

**Suspended Matter**

**Total Water Content**

**Vegetation Index**

**Notes:**
Greyed out EDRs not in HRD

## NPOESS Low Rate Data (LRD)Environmental Data Records (EDRs)

**NPOESS Low Rate Data (LRD)****Environmental Data Records (EDRs)**

**Atm Vertical Moisture Profile #3**

**Atm Vertical Temp Profile #2**

**Imagery #1**

**Sea Surface Temperature #8**

**Sea Surface Winds #4**

**Soil Moisture**

**Active Fires (P)**

**Aerosol Particle Size**

**Aerosol Refractive Index**

**Albedo (Surface)**

**Auroral Boundary**

**Auroral Energy Deposition**

**Auroral Imagery**

**Cloud Base Height #5**

**Cloud Cover/Layers #6**

**Cloud Effective Particle Size**

**Cloud Ice Water Path (P)**

**Cloud Liquid Water**

**Cloud Optical Thickness**

**Cloud Particle Size/Distribution**

**Cloud Top Height**

**Aerosol Optical Thickness**

**Cloud Top Pressure (P)**

**Cloud Top Temperature **

**Downward LW Radiance (Sfc)**

**Downward SW  Radiance(Sfc)**

**Electric Field**

**Electron Density Profile**

**Energetic Ions**

**Geomagnetic Field **

**Ice Surface Temperature**

**In-*****situ***** Plasma Fluctuations**

**In-*****situ***** Plasma Temperature**

**Ionospheric Scintillation**

**Medium Energy Charged Particles**

**Land Surface Temperature**

**Net Heat Flux**

**Net Solar Radiation (TOA)**

**Neutral Density Profile**

**Ocean Color/Chlorophyll**

**Ocean Wave Characteristics**

**Outgoing LW Radiation (TOA)**

**Ozone; Total Column/Profile**

**Precipitable Water**

**Precipitation Type/Rate **

**Pressure (Surface/Profile) #7**

**Sea Ice Characterization**

**Sea Surface Height/Topo.**

**Snow Cover/Depth**

**Solar Irradiance**

**Supra-Thermal-Auroral Part.**

**Surface Type (P)**

**Surface Wind Stress**

**Suspended Matter**

**Total Water Content**

**Vegetation Index (P)**

**Notes:**
Greyed out EDRs not in LRD

8 High Priority EDRs listed

(P) Predecessor EDR needed to produce some of 8 High Priority EDRs – you get them for free

Bandwidth allows other EDRs to be provided as well

## Field Terminal Data Flow

**Notes:**
Read chart

## Direct Readout Interfaces

## Field Terminal Data Processor Element Software Design

**Field Terminal ****Data Processor Element Software Design**

**Open Systems Group standards compliance at interfaces minimizes configurations**
**Programmable LRD downlink favors 8 Priority EDRs**
**Onboard VIIRS data compression rates by APID for LRD**
**Flexible ancillary data approach **
- Dynamic ancillary data via satellite downlink
- NPOESS Mission Support Data Server via Internet access

**Notes:**
Read Chart

Programmability could be used to change data packets for different EDR production in regional areas e.g., Antarctica

JPEG-2000 base lining 6:1

Introduce ancillary data concept – will describe design later.

## FTS EDR Performance

**FTS EDR Performance**

**HRD EDR performance**
- 99% of performance attributes meet or exceed performance thresholds
- Latency requirements achievable with current COTS multiple CPU workstations
- Designed to recognize missing channels and ancillary data
- Lossless RICE compression on VIIRS
**LRD EDR performance**
- 0.8 km resolution imagery and programmable downlink
- Produces 8 high priority EDRs at or near LRD objective levels
- Produces 15 lower priority EDRs and required predecessor EDRs
- Designed to recognize missing channels and ancillary data
- Lossless and Lossy JPEG2000 compression on selected APIDs

**Notes:**
Read chart

## FTS Latency Analysis for Stress-case

**FTS Latency Requirement: max latency is ******** 15 minutes. **
- SYS013235 & SYS013230 - Field Terminal software, when installed on NPOESS-specified HRD field terminal hardware, shall produce the Imagery EDR in less than or equal to _**2 minutes**_ and all other EDRs as specified in Appendix E in less than or equal to _**15 minutes**_ after receipt of data from the FT Signal Processing Subsystem.
**A large number of factors impact FTS processing.  **
- Terrain - Land or ocean
- Day versus Night sensor characteristics
- Weather - Cloudy, Partial Cloudy, Clear
- Satellite Orbits & FTS emplacement (Latitudes)
- FTS Hardware: CPUs (**3 GHz NPP era**)

**Notes:**
Story is what is driving processing power needed to meet requirements

## FTS Simulation (e.g. 45N/00):1 day 15 Passes with 3 NPOESS S/C

**1330****	****1730****	****2130**

**FTS Contacts with NPOESS S/C**

**(1440 minutes = 1 days)**

**Contact Durations:**
**Max ****	****13.1 mins**
**Avg ****	****10.5 mins**
**Min ****	****2 mins**
**<4mins ****	****2.3%**

**Back-to-back **
**contacts**

## Overlapping S/C contacts don’t occur due to spacecraft orbital phasing.
Smallest gap of 10.2 minutes has minimal impact to FTS latency.
Above 60N there is a large increase in contacts and EDRs.  

**Smallest gap of 10.2 minutes has minimal impact to FTS latency.**
**Above 60N there is a large increase in contacts and EDRs.  **

**Back-to-back S/C Contacts**

**60N**

## Orbital Position Defines Dynamic Scene Content in Sensor Data

**Orbital Position Defines Dynamic Scene Content in Sensor Data**

***Orbital Position defines Sensor Nadir***

***NCEP Weather Data Base***

***Dynamic Processing***

##   Land/Ocean, Day/Night, and Clear/Cloudy Data

**Land has process loads comparable ****to ocean. **
**Day data is 4x night data processing. ****Day-only algorithms are: **
- ACO/OCC
- Vegetation Index
- Surface Types
- Aerosols (*large load*)
- Surface Albedo (*large load*)
**Clear Data is most stressing **** Clear-only algorithms are:**** **
- ACO/OCC
- Vegetation Index
- Land/Ice Surface & Sea Surface Temp
- Surface Types
- Aerosols (*large load*)
- Surface Albedo (*large load*)
- CMIS/CrIS AVT/MP (*large load*)
***Used Land, Day and 100% Clear data***

**Notes:**
Read Chart

## FTS Latency StatusAll EDRs & Imagery EDR

- Comparison of 2.6 GHz and 5.0 GHz HRD Results

## NPOESS Field Terminal Segment Schedule

**NPOESS Field Terminal Segment Schedule**

**Build 2.3**

**Build 2.2**

**Build 2.1**

**Build 1.4**

**Build 1.3**

**Build 1.2**

**Tech Specs PDR Version**
**May 2005**

**FT NPOESS FTTS, ICD & FTDS**
**CDR Version**
**Apr 2006**

**NPP Ground Readiness**
***Jul 2007***

**NPP HRD Demo NLT**
***April***
***2009***

**FTS FAT 2.2**
**Sept 2008**

**FTS  2.3 S/W Final Release**
**June  2009**

**FTS FAT**
**Build 2.3**
**April 2009**

**NPOESS C1 Launch**
**Jul 2010**

**NPP Launch**
***April***
***2008***

**IDPS FAT Build 2.2**
**May 2008**

**FTS 2.2 S/W Release **
**Oct 2008**

**FT NPOESS ICD**
**PDR Version**
**Apr 2005**

**IDPS FAT 2.3**
**Feb 2009**

**PDA**
**Mar 2005**

**PDR**
**Jun 2005**

***2004***

***2010***

***2007***

***2005***

***2006***

***2008***

***2009***

**Notes:**
Note that I’ve added the Field Terminal Tech Spec (FTTS) and the Decryption Spec (FTDS) to the ICD CDR version, this is within scope and will result in a better product.  
I haven’t changed FTS FAT 2.2 and 2.3, the whole NPOESS build schedule 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 is in flux.  
I’ve based the NPP Launch on the best estimate that we have at the moment, that of a 16-18 month slip, I took the 18, if you want we can change to the 16 month point.  
Maureen has a number of options for how to progress that she is going to be briefing at the F2F, but one of her main assumptions is an 18 month slip in NPP launch and NPP Ground Readiness at the Launch -8 point.  All three of her options have Launch -6 but her assumption was Launch -8.  
I put NPP HRD demo at NLT May 2009, but I believe that we can beat that by several months. The way the schedule stacks now, we should be able to complete 2.1 well before launch, so should only have to check out, and fix problems to prepare for the demo.  I’d like to take the conservative road for right now and then beat the schedule by 6-9 months.  

## NPOESS Direct Readout Mission Points of Contact

**Direct Readout Mission POCs:  **
- John Overton: 	(301) 713-4747
- Bill Munley:  		(301) 713-4782
- Joe Mulligan:  	(301) 713-4803
- John van de Wouw:	(310) 812-0800
**NPOESS websites**
- Http://www.npoess.noaa.Gov
- Http://npoesslib.ipo.noaa.Gov/  (electronic bulletin board)

**Notes:**
Read Chart