# Presentation: 193746

- LBNL  Superconducting Magnet Program
- Stephen A. Gourlay
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- DOE HEP Review
- February 18, 2004

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

## LBNL Superconducting Magnet Program: A Unique Technology Asset

- Why does DOE need LBNL?
- Leadership in High Field Magnet Technology for HEP
- This Year’s Highlights
- Dramatic recent success in magnet technology development
- HD-1 (16 T, a new dipole record)
- Conductor Development Program
- LHC Accelerator Research Program
- Base Program
- Moving ahead
- LDRD
- Test Facility Upgrade Plans

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

## Why does HEP need the LBNL Superconducting Magnet Program?

- The LBNL Superconducting Magnet Program has achieved outstanding success in the development of the enabling technology essential for expanding the high energy frontier
- LHC luminosity upgrade
- LHC energy upgrade
- Continuity and diversity
- Core technical resource for LBNL and other laboratories
- A real R&D program not subject to laboratory priorities
- Materials (DOE conductor development program)
- Accelerator magnet technology

- Our peers think we have done an excellent job in developing a vital community asset

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

**Notes:**
I suspect that no one comes in here to tell you how bad there are. 

## Peers and Competitors

- Philippe Lebrun, head of CERN Accelerator Technology Division
- “Congratulations to the Berkeley Magnet Group for this achievement! An important milestone in the difficult path to higher field accelerator magnets, it surely contributes to rendering an energy upgrade of the LHC less hypothetical.”
- Ramesh Gupta, BNL magnet program
- “If the community had to evaluate progress in Nb3Sn magnet development without the results of the LBNL program, we would probably decide to abandon it.”
- Lucio Rossi, head of CERN Magnet Division
- “Very good results. You'll have something very interesting to say in Japan (somebody else will not!)”

- We have created one of DOE’s most successful programs

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

## 2001 HEPAP Recommendations

- LBNL has been developing enabling technology for HEP for over 20 years
- LBNL has produced record breaking fields in three different geometries
- No program has built more magnets with fields exceeding 10 Tesla
- LBNL leadership of the LARP Magnet Program (S. Gourlay)
- LBNL leadership of the DOE/HEP Conductor Development Program (R. Scanlan)

- “. . . high priority to accelerator R&D because it is absolutely critical to the future of
- our field”. . . “High-field magnet research is particularly important”

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

**Notes:**
Doesn’t allow consideration of a Phase I (to use Fermilab term) high field or even medium field machine. What about possible contribution to LHC upgrade?
If construction of VLHC is to begin in 15 years, then I vehemently disagree on the level of effort required. HEPAP is assuming Fermilab scenario of a low-field phase I. Not necessarily the case. If we are to have other options, much more work needs to be done.
LHC was a 10 – 15 year effort using a well-know technology
 VLHC requires new technology and in addition has imposed on it, a requirement of a factor of two in cost reduction per T-m over SSC

## World-Record Fields in 3 Geometries

- D20 – Cosine-theta
- 50 mm bore
- 13.5 Tesla (3 X Tevatron)

- RD-3b - Common-Coil
- Dual-bore
- 14.5 Tesla

- Are these geometries suitable for the highest fields?

- 

- 

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

**Notes:**
Mention amesh and CC. Interchangeable parts.

## and 3 . . .

- HD-1 – Simple block coils for the highest fields
-    Single-bore
- 	(Dual-bore side-by-side)
-    16 Tesla  (LHC Energy doubler)
- Challenges
-    Stress > 150 MPa
-    3D coil support
-    High field in the ends

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

## HD-1 Demonstrates the Viability of a New Technological Tool

- HD-1 Objectives
- Push limit on dipole fields and stresses
- Study the properties of block-coil designs
- Suitable for very high field accelerator dipoles
- Efficient technology R&D
- Success based on
- Improved conductor
- Integrated design approach
- Fabrication techniques

-      16 Tesla max field is 4.5 Tesla higher than closest competitor

- Test at 1.8 K could exceed 17 Tesla

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

**Notes:**
We have given DOE the opportunity to dominate the technology that will take HEP to the next energy frontier.

## Block Coil Advantages

- G.L. Sabbi

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

## Contributions to HD-1 Success

- Improved conductor
- Fabrication experience
- Systematic, structured development using the latest design and analysis techniques

- New Design

- S. Caspi

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

## Training Tests and Studies

- Sub-scale coil with
- surface-mounted strain gauges

- Scaled version of main magnet
- Simple fabrication, simple testing
- Field range of 9 – 12 Tesla

- SM-06

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

## LBNL Leadership Laid the Foundation for LHC Upgrades

**B (Tesla)**

**0**                        Conductor Utilization (% conductor limit)                 **100**

**0**

**20**

**LHC Upgrades**

- Performance Evaluation

- Excellent

- Poor

**HD-1 (1.8K)   X**

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

**Notes:**
This is done at 1/3 the cost to DOE

##           Collaborations and Community Service

- Undisputed leadership in Rutherford-style cable technology
**DOE/HEP Conductor Development Program**
**The only successful production of HTS Rutherford cable**
**Furnish cabling services to FNAL, BNL, Texas A&M**
- Tech Transfer
**Sub-scale coil for FNAL**
**Furnished complete coil ‘kit’ to FNAL**
**Leadership of LARP magnet program**
**Test Facility can be considered a national resource**

***We contributed more than $300k in ***
***services to other programs last year***

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

**Notes:**
We have helped Dave and Bruce realize their dream. This is a tribute to the support of Dave’s program.

## DOE Conductor Development Program

*Project Management*

*(LBNL)*

*Conductor*

*Advisory Group*

*Nat’l*

* **Laboratory*

*Groups*

*Industrial*

*Companies*

*University*

*Groups*

- Started in 2000
- Phase I  : improve performance
- Phase II : Scale-up, cost issues

- World record Jc achieved by
- Oxford Instruments –
- Superconducting Technology
- Jc at 12 T, 4.2 K > 3,000 A/mm2
- 50% Increase

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

- LHC Accelerator Research Program
- (LARP)

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

##      More HEPAP Recommendations

- High Priority of R&D for LHC Upgrades Recognized by HEPAP (Facilities Report)
- HEPAP has set its highest priority on R&D for a luminosity upgrade:
- The science of extending exploration of the energy frontier with the LHC accelerator and detector luminosity upgrades is _***absolutely central***_**.** The _***R&D phase***_* *for these will need to start soon if the upgrades are to be finished by the present target date of 2014**.**
- HEPAP has set lower priority on an energy upgrade:
- It is possible that the physics found in the next decade at the LHC will be such that it will demand such an upgrade, but at this point we _***don’t know enough yet***_* *either about the science or about the specifics of the facility that might be proposed. It will require an extensive _***R&D phas***__**e**_**.**** **

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

**Notes:**
Doesn’t allow consideration of a Phase I (to use Fermilab term) high field or even medium field machine. What about possible contribution to LHC upgrade?
If construction of VLHC is to begin in 15 years, then I vehemently disagree on the level of effort required. HEPAP is assuming Fermilab scenario of a low-field phase I. Not necessarily the case. If we are to have other options, much more work needs to be done.
LHC was a 10 – 15 year effort using a well-know technology
 VLHC requires new technology and in addition has imposed on it, a requirement of a factor of two in cost reduction per T-m over SSC

## US LHC Accelerator Research Program (Berkeley, Brookhaven, Fermilab)

- The program is organized into four areas of research:
- Commissioning our hardware for the LHC
- Accelerator physics experiments and calculations
- Understanding performance limitations of current IRs and developing new designs
- Participation in the sector test and machine start-up
- Beam dynamics calculations and experiments
- Developing advanced beam diagnostics and instrumentation
- Developing high performance magnets for new higher luminosity IRs
- Large-aperture, high gradient quadrupoles using Nb3Sn.
- High-field beam separation dipoles

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

## LARP Organization

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

## US LARP Magnet Program

- Develop Magnet Technology for LHC Luminosity Upgrade
- Enhance physics opportunities at the LHC
- Provide tools to AP for optimal IR design
- Represents the first large-scale use of Nb3Sn in an accelerator
- Advances the enabling technology for the next generation of hadron colliders
- Extend collaborative environment between national lab programs
- Develop world-wide collaboration on high-performance magnets
- CERN, ESGARD, KEK, EU, etc.
- Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Magnets (WAAM)

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

## Fundamental Requirements and Issues

- High fields/gradients
- Large aperture/optimized FQ
- High radiation environment
- Program must address
- Technology development/fabrication techniques
- Field reproducibility
- Length issues
- Field quality reproducibility

- Issues derived from requirements:
-        	Mechanical support structures
-        	Coil geometries
-        	Quench protection
-        	Heat transfer
- 	Materials
-        	Optimal IR designs

- Nb3Sn

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

**Notes:**
Large aperture is good for luminosity, field quality, minimizing heat load and radiation damage

## Program Strategy and Structure

- Extend and quantify limits on key performance parameters
- Develop an enabling technology base for LHC upgrades

- 2003 – 05
- Technology, simple models
- 2006 – 09
- More complex models (~ 3/yr)
- 2010 – 12
- Accelerator-ready prototype

- Technology Development – LBNL
- Quadrupoles – FNAL, LBNL
- Dipoles – BNL, LBNL

- LARP success depends on a
- healthy base program

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

**Notes:**
Add here the budget problem for FY05 ($3.5M - $3.2M)

## FY04 Program

- Quadrupoles
- Support structures
- Geometry Options
**Cos-theta**
**Non-parallel axis**
**Racetrack**
- Dipoles
- Open mid-plane
- Mechanical design
- Heat transfer
**Modeling**
**Studies**
- Materials and cable characterization

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

## US LARP Magnet Funding

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

- Base Program

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

## Combined Consequences ofInnovation and Flat-Flat Budgets

- Tests per Year

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

**Notes:**
Efficient, inventive, imaginative

## Moving Ahead

- “Big” vs “Small” Magnets
- LBNL approach is to focus on a few parameters
- Most can be studied with short magnets, some even with “sub-scale” magnets
- e.g., length issues can be studied using single sub-scale coil ( ~ 3m)
- Very productive
- Established feasibility of three geometries
- Evaluate further by progressing to more sophisticated implementation
- Requires infrastructure improvements

- FY04 Plans
- Analysis of HD-1, reconfigure and retest to increase field
- Sub-scale “training” test
- HD-2 design
- Test HD-1 at 1.8K ( >17 Tesla?)
- HD-2 – Large bore, high field
- Large bore dipole ~ 15 Tesla
**Next step in sophistication**
**Dual use – cable test facility**
- Long sub-scale coil

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

**Notes:**
The costs given are assumed incremental to a healthy program

## Applications Supported by LDRD

- Ex-Situ MRI –
- NMR and MRI outside the magnet

- Superconducting Undulator –
- 	Continued advances require high fields and short periods

- Exploring the limits of technology for new applications

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

## Test Facility Upgrade Plans

- Upgrade 20+ year-old infrastructure
- Enhanced capabilities to support further progress
- Increase efficiency while maintaining operational safety
- Staged project
- Approximately $500 – $750k/year (Total ~ $2M)
- Includes
- Vertical dewar with crane coverage and 1.8 K capability
- Power supplies, interlocks, extraction and control system
- Data Acquisition System
- Refrigeration Upgrades

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

## Summary

- Majority of near-term HEP magnet applications require the highest possible fields ( > 17 T)
- Success of the LBNL Magnet Program has demonstrated the feasibility of accelerator magnets with operating fields in the   16 T range
- The LBNL Magnet Group is ready to lead DOE
- development of this new technology

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

**Notes:**
IF DOE wants to retain leadership in energy frontier physics, the fastest, most cost effective way is to restore program viability

## 24 Reasons for Success

- Technicians
**P. Bish**
**R. Hannaford – ****Magnet Fabrication**
**H. Higley**
**B. Lau**
**N. Liggins**
**J. Swanson**
**M. Goli**
- Engineering/Design Staff
**S. Bartlett (ME)**
**S. Caspi (ME) – ****Magnet Design**
**P. Ferracin (ME Post-Doc)**
**R. Hafalia (ME)**
**R. Hinkins (Retiree)**
**M. Nyman (EE)**

- Scientific Staff
**D. Dietderich**
**A. Lietzke – ****Test Facility**
**S. Mattafirri**
**A. McInturff (1/2)**
**G. Sabbi (1/2) – ****Magnet Program**
**R. Scanlan (1/5)**
- Administrative Support
**M. Barry (1/8)**
**S. Buckley (1/8)**
**J. Smithwick (1/4)**
**K. Weber**
- Students/Guest Scientists
**D. Faessler (UCB)**

- S. Gourlay, LBNL

## Schedule for LHC Upgrade

- S. Gourlay, LBNL