# Presentation: 802197

## Reconnaissance Investigation of Pesticides and PCB’s in Selected Fish Species from Lake Texoma, Oklahoma 

- Cooperative Project between the Chickasaw Nation and the USGS

## Problem and objective
Location of sampling sites
Methods
Organochlorine pesticides and movement in hydrologic cycle
Target species criteria
Laboratory analyses
Results and summary

- Location of sampling sites
- Methods
- Organochlorine pesticides and movement in hydrologic cycle
- Target species criteria
- Laboratory analyses
- Results and summary

- Outline

## Problem

-   Are there hazardous amounts of pesticides and PCB’s in commonly consumed fish from Lake Texoma?

## Objective

-    To determine the amount of pesticides and PCB’s occurring in commonly consumed fish (large mouth bass, channel catfish, and common carp) from Lake Texoma from a one-time sampling event.

## Map of sampling sites

## Methods

- Collect 5 fish of each species (large mouth bass, channel catfish, and common carp) at 4 sites on Lake Texoma by electrofishing
- Composite samples of each species
-    (1 sample = 5 whole fish)
- Analyze composite samples for 27 organochlorine pesticides and PCB’s (USGS _N_ational _W_ater _Q_uality _L_aboratory Schedule 2101)

## Samples for each site (4 sites)

**Large **
**Mouth**
**Bass**

**Channel**
**Catfish**

**Common**
**Carp**

**10g**

**10g**

**10g**

**sample**

**sample**

**sample**

**Large **
**Mouth Bass**

**Channel**
**Catfish**

**Common**
**Carp**

- Sample preparation at the NWQL

## Organochlorine Pesticides

- Hydrophobic chemicals (have little or no affinity for water)
- Low solubility in water
- High solubility in lipids (fats), stored in fatty tissue
- Strong tendency to sorb to organic material in soil and sediment
- Resistant to degradation (persistent)

## Pesticide movement in the hydrologic cycle including pesticide movement to and from sediment and aquatic biota within the stream.  Modified from Majewski and Capel (1995).

## Target Species Criteria

- Are commonly caught and likely to be consumed by humans
- Potentially bioaccumulate high concentrations of pesticides and PCB’s
- Large enough to provide adequate tissue for analysis
- Resident fish that are easy to identify and easy to capture

## Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation collecting fish by electrofishing

## Fish samples in ice chest before shipping preparation:   - wrapped in aluminum foil, then put in ziplock bag   - frozen immediately on dry ice and shipped overnight     to the laboratory to be analyzed

- Fish samples in ice chest before shipping preparation:   - wrapped in aluminum foil, then put in ziplock bag   - frozen immediately on dry ice and shipped overnight     to the laboratory to be analyzed

- Channel Catfish & Large Mouth Bass

- Common Carp

## List of organochlorine pesticides and PCB’s analyzed in fish tissue, USGS National Water-Quality Laboratory Schedule 2101 (Leiker and others, 1995)

| aldrin | p,p’-DDD |
| --- | --- |
| cis-chlordane | o,p’-DDE |
| trans-chlordane | p,p’-DDE |
| dacthal | dieldrin |
| o,p’-DDT | endrin |
| p,p’-DDT | heptachlor |
| o,p’-DDD | heptachlor epoxide |

- All reporting limits are 5 micrograms per kilogram (ug/kg), unless otherwise noted

## continue - List of organochlorine pesticides and PCB’s analyzed in fish tissue, USGS National Water-Quality Laboratory Schedule 2101 (Leiker and others, 1995)

| hexachlorobenzene | mirex |
| --- | --- |
| alpha-HCH | cis-nonachlor |
| beta-HCH | trans-nonachlor |
| delta-HCH | oxychlordane |
| gamma-HCH | pentachloroanisole |
| o,p’-methoxychlor | toxaphene (200 ug/kg) |
| p,p’-methoxychlor | polychlorinated biphenyls (50 ug/kg) |

- All reporting limits are 5 ug/kg, unless otherwise noted

- continue - List of organochlorine pesticides and PCB’s analyzed in fish tissue, USGS National Water-Quality Laboratory Schedule 2101 (Leiker and others, 1995)

## Results

- Only 5 of the 27 pesticides analyzed for were detected; no PCB’s were detected
- Of the 5 pesticides detected, 3 were Chlordane degradates and 2 were DDT degradates
- Concentrations of all pesticides detected were below the State of Oklahoma Consumption Advisory Screening Levels (OWRB, 2003)

## What is a screening value?

-    Screening values are defined as concentrations of target analytes in fish or shellfish tissue that are of potential public health concern and that are used as threshold values against which levels of contamination in similar tissue collected from the ambient environment can be compared (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000).

## Pesticide detections 

|  | 

trans-nonachlor | 

cis-nonachlor | 

cis-chlordane | 

p,p’- DDE | 

p,p’-DDD | Number of detections per species |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Large Mouth Bass | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 6 |
| Channel Catfish | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 14 |
| Common Carp | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 6 |
| Number of detections per pesticide | 
6 | 
2 | 
3 | 
12 | 
3 |  |

- 4 samples analyzed for each species

- Draft: data subject to review

## Results - Chlordane degradates

- Draft: data subject to review

## Results - DDT degradates

- Draft: data subject to review

## Chlordane and DDT Use

- Chlordane
- Insecticide used from 1948 to 1988 in the U.S.; in 1983 Chlordane was banned by EPA for all uses except to control termites; in 1988 EPA banned all uses of Chlordane
- DDT
- Insecticide used from 1943 to 1972 in the U.S.; in 1972 EPA banned all uses of DDT

## DDT and Chlordane degradates were detected more frequently and in higher concentrations in channel catfish

p,p’-DDE was detected in all 12 samples

Concentrations of all pesticides detected were below the State of Oklahoma Consumption Advisory Screening Values (OWRB, 2003)

- p,p’-DDE was detected in all 12 samples
- Concentrations of all pesticides detected were below the State of Oklahoma Consumption Advisory Screening Values (OWRB, 2003)

- Summary

## Data Available

- Data will be printed in:
- U.S. Geological Survey, Water resources data, Oklahoma, water year 2004, Volume 2. Red River Basin
- Presentation will be available at:
- USGS website _http://ok.water.usgs.gov_

## Leiker, T.J., Madsen, J.E., Deacon, J.R., and Foreman, W.T., 1995, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological National Water Quality Laboratory: Determination of chlorinated pesticides in aquatic tissue by capillary-column gas chromatography with electron-capture detection: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-710, 42p.

Majewski, M.S., and Capel, P.D., 1995, Pesticides in the atmosphere-distribution, trends, and governing factors, Ann Arbor Press, Inc., Chelsea, Mich., 228p.

Masoner, J.R., Burden, D.S., and Sewell, G.W., 2003, Digital Atlas of Lake Texoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-428, 1 CD-ROM

Oklahoma Water Resources Board, 2003, Oklahoma’s Water Quality Standards, Title 785, Chapter 45, 106p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000, Section 5 of Fish Sampling and Analysis v.1 (3d ed.), Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for Use in Fish Advisories, 22p.

- Majewski, M.S., and Capel, P.D., 1995, Pesticides in the atmosphere-distribution, trends, and governing factors, Ann Arbor Press, Inc., Chelsea, Mich., 228p.
- Masoner, J.R., Burden, D.S., and Sewell, G.W., 2003, Digital Atlas of Lake Texoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-428, 1 CD-ROM
- Oklahoma Water Resources Board, 2003, Oklahoma’s Water Quality Standards, Title 785, Chapter 45, 106p.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000, Section 5 *of* Fish Sampling and Analysis v.1 (3d ed.), Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for Use in Fish Advisories, 22p.

- References