# Presentation: 222024

## A Look at Travel Behavior and Destination:

- The Town of Chapel Hill

- Jennifer Lewis
- January 11, 2005

## Congestion and Multi-Modal Travel

- Multi-modal travel = reduced congestion,
- reduced pollution, better public health

## RESEARCH QUESTION

- What is the extent to which attributes of the physical (built) environment at DESTINATIONS have an influence on employee travel mode choices to and from work?

## WHY?

- Understand how much physical attributes at destinations influence travel behavior
- Help city leaders and policymakers to make decisions about development, particularly development likely to increase multi-modal travel

## Previous Research
Research on Influences on Travel Behavior:
Meurs & Haaijer (2001): Spatial Structure and Mobility
Personal characteristics, spatial characteristics, accessibility
Srinivisan & Ferreira (2002): Travel Behavior at the Household Level
Research on Measures of Built Environment
Song and Knaap (2004): Measures of Urban Form
Galster (2000): Wrestling Sprawl to the Ground
Research on Interaction of Physical Attributes and Travel Mode: 
At origin (residences) – Cervero (1997, 2002), Rodriguez (2004)
At destination (worksites) – ME! 

- Research on Influences on Travel Behavior:
- Meurs & Haaijer (2001): Spatial Structure and Mobility
- Personal characteristics, spatial characteristics, accessibility
- Srinivisan & Ferreira (2002): Travel Behavior at the Household Level
- Research on Measures of Built Environment
- Song and Knaap (2004): Measures of Urban Form
- Galster (2000): Wrestling Sprawl to the Ground
- Research on Interaction of Physical Attributes and Travel Mode:
- At origin (residences) – Cervero (1997, 2002), Rodriguez (2004)
- At destination (worksites) – ME!

## PROCEDURE

- Data source:
**	****Town of Chapel Hill **
**	****Transportation Demand Management Program **
**	****2003 Employee and Employer Survey**
- Statistical Analysis
- Spatial/Built Environment Analysis
- Regression Analysis

## Travel Mode 

- Travel Mode
- Information

- Origin and Destination
- Information

- Car Ownership

- Previous
- Transit Use

## Time and 

- Time and
- Distance to
- Work

- Other Information in Survey:
- -Employer Type
- -Worksite Location “Type”
- -Available Amenities: parking spaces

## Locations of Worksites Participating in TDM Program

**Locations of Worksites Participating in TDM Program**

## REGRESSION ANALYSIS:Influences on Travel Behavior

- Travel Behavior
-  (Mode Choice)

**Socioeconomic Status**
- Income
- Education

**Demographics**
- Household Size
- Car Ownership
- Race
- Age
- Gender

**Personal Characteristics**
- Familiarity with transit
- Perception of transit

**Urban Form**
- Density
- Land Use Mix
- Connectivity
- Accessibility

**Travel Time**
**Travel Cost**

## Regression Analysis

- Resulting Regression Formula:
- Driving Alone to work =
- 			socioeconomic factors +
- 			demographic factors +
- 			personal characteristics +
- 			travel time +
- 			travel cost +
- 		**	****URBAN FORM**

## REGRESSION ANALYSIS:Measures of Influences

| Influencing Factors | Measures | Proxy Measures |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Socioeconomic Status | income
education | employer type
(business, retail, professional, etc) |
|   |   |   |
| Demographics | household size
car ownership
race, age, gender | Question responses &
 location of residence (city/county) |
|   |   |   |
| Personal Characteristics | familiarity with transit
perception of transit | responses to survey questions |
|  |  |  |
| Urban Form | density
land use mix
accessibility
connectivity
pedestrian access | spatial analysis results |

## Regression Analysis: Urban Form Measures

| Measure | Indicator |
| --- | --- |
| Density | Surrounding population density |
|   |   |
| Land Use Mix | Percent types of land use within 1/4 mi. radius |
|   |   |
| Pedestrian Access 
/ Accessibility | No. of times bus stops during the day |
|  | Presence of night service |
|  | No. of bus stops within 1/4 mi. radius |
|  | mi or ft. of sidewalk in 1/4 mi. radius |
|   |   |
| Connectivity
 / Accessibility | Distance to nearby activity centers |
|  | Distance to nearby neighborhoods |
|  |  |
| Accessibility | No. of Parking Places |

## AN EXAMPLE

- Percent Employees
- Drive Alone to work
- Southern Orange
- Human Services
- Center: 100 %
- (n = 61)
- Downtown: 77 %
-  (n = 104)

## EXPECTED RESULTS

- Locations with denser urban form, and more transit availability will have more dramatic modal split

## Thank You

- Questions?