# Presentation: 231596

## Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance SystemsInitiativeMay 2005, ITS America Annual Meeting

**Mike Schagrin**
**ITS Joint Program Office**
**U.S. Department of Transportation**

## Why The Concern About Intersections

- In 2003, approximately:
- 9500 FATALITIES
- 1,300,000 INJURIES
- 2,600,000 CRASHES
- Cost to society  $100 Billion

## Intersection Problem Areas Being Addressed

- Stop sign and signal violations

-   Left turn across path of     on-coming traffic

-   Stop sign movement assist

- Gap assistance

## Accident Causal Factors

- Impaired drivers
- Aggressive drivers
- Inexperienced / Elderly drivers
- Obstructed vision (limited sight lines)
- Other (Presence of peds, bicyclers, poor weather, etc.)

## Range Of Possible Countermeasures

## CICAS Program Goals

- To develop and demonstrate cooperative intersection collision avoidance systems
- To assess the value and acceptance of cooperative collision avoidance systems
- To develop and provide tools to support industry deployments

## CICAS Program Objectives

- Establish a strong foundation for program development and execution
- Develop system designs for prototyping in partnership with industry and public agencies
- Develop and evaluate prototype systems
- Demonstrate and quantify effectiveness of intersection collision avoidance systems
- Generate industry support for deployment

## CICAS PartnersPublic / Private/Academia

## Progression of CICAS Applications

- Time

- Complexity, Comprehensiveness

## CICAS Concepts

## Cooperative Violation Countermeasure Concepts

- The basic capability is for the vehicle to provide stop sign and traffic signal violation warnings
- The intersection could provide an infrastructure based countermeasure (e.g., adjust signal timing) resulting from the vehicle sending a warning notification
- The vehicle could exert some type of vehicular control countermeasure

## Cooperative Violation Countermeasure Scenario

-  Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI)

-  Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI)

-  Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI)

## Signal Violation Warning: Vehicle Approaching

*Signal Violation Warning: Vehicle Approaching*
- Example Scenario

## Cooperative Violation Countermeasure Scenario

-   Time to phase change

***Cooperative Violation Countermeasure Scenario***

## Areas of R&D for Violation Countermeasures

- Wireless Communication (DSRC)
- Human Factors
- DVI
- Traffic Control Interface
- Threat Assessment
- Positioning Enhancement

- _Violation Countermeasures_

## Gap Assist Countermeasure Concept

- Gap assist builds upon the violation concepts and technologies and adds stop sign and left turn gap assistance
- Countermeasures include both in-vehicle and infrastructure-based warnings
- Vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and bicyclists are addressed
- Additional vehicle control capabilities will also be investigated

## Gap Assist Countermeasure Scenario

- Infrastructure to Vehicle

-  Geometric Map
-  Signal Controller Info
-  Differential Correction
-  Road Surface Conditions

** ****Dynamic Objects**

** ****Sensor Fusion**

## Dynamic Mapping Example

| Vehicle id
(can be arbitrary) | 1 | 2 | 3 | ... | M |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Distance from intersection in m | 15 | 95 | 40 | ... | 97 |
| Lane | 1 | 2 | 3 | ... | 10 |
| Speed in mph or m/s | 35 | 37 | 45 | ... | 40 |

## Gap Assist Countermeasure Scenario

***Gap Assist Countermeasure Scenario***

- Infrastructure to Vehicle

-  Geometric Map
-  Signal Controller Info
-  Differential Correction
-  Road Surface Conditions

**Intersection Sensors**

** ****Dynamic Objects**

-  **DVI (gap assist)**

** ****Sensor Fusion**

## Areas of R&D for Gap Assist Countermeasures

- Wireless Comm. (DSRC)
- Human Factors
- DVI
- Traffic Control Interface
- Threat Assessment
- Positioning Enhancement

- refinement
- Human Factors
- DVI (gap), DII
- Conflict resolution
- Not Applicable
- Threat Assessment (gap)
- Sensor/data fusion
- Dynamic Intersection Mapping
- refinement

- _Violation Countermeasures_

- _Gap Assist Countermeasures_

## Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications Research

- Research effort, specifically examining the creation of a dynamic intersection mapping capability by vehicle to vehicle communications
- Implementation of such a system would require significant DSRC market penetration and therefore is not envisioned as a near term deployment option
- Such a system could extend capability to both uninstrumented intersections and other non-intersection applications

## CICAS Roadmap

**Prototyping (Violation)**

**DVI **

**Prototyping (Gap)**

**Violation Demo (DVI)**

**DVI – Driver Vehicle Interface**

**DII  –  Driver Infrastructure Interface**

**Preparatory Analyses**

**Independent Evaluation**