# Presentation: 531989

## ....Airplanes As a Network....

***Mark Andrews, JPDO Weather IPT Lead***
***July 12, 2005***
***Ralph Yost***
***Research Division, ATO-P***
***William J. Hughes FAA Technical Center***

***...******.Airplanes As a Network....***
***Information Connectivity in Aviation***

## Slide 2

## Main Topics for Today

**Describe Airborne Internet and the Collaborative Information Environment**
**Describe the Tech Center A.I. program**
**Other government interests in A.I.**
**Describe the Industry efforts on A.I.**

##   A concept that overlays network theory and principles into the transportation realm

-   A concept that overlays network theory and principles into the transportation realm

***...***_***Information CONNECTIVITY***_*** ....A scalable, general purpose, multi-application data channel for people in transit****** ***

***A.I. brings ***_***Network Enabled Operations***_*** to the aircraft***

## A.I. Extended Definitionand Basic Principles

**Network capability for all classes of aircraft: transport, biz jet, GA, helicopter**
**Based upon open standards**
**Utilize the same commercial technologies that the Internet is based on**
**Connectivity at all altitudes, oceanic, Gulf of Mexico, potential world wide**
**Must be reliable, available, persistent**

## Airborne Internet Value Proposition 

**A general purpose, multi-application data channel represents the opportunity to:**

**Bring *****real *****information sharing to the aircraft**
**Consolidate flight deck functions to reduce equipage**
**in the aircraft (aircraft owner **_***saves money***_**)**
**On the ground (FAA **_***saves money***_**)**
**Create a NEW revenue stream for aircraft operators that does not exist today (operators **_***make money***_**)**

## A Possible Solution?

***Network Aircraft as we do Computers***

***Graphic courtesy of CNS Inc.***

**(A.I. Heritage Concept...application based)**

## Airborne Internet

- Satcom

**ATC Controller **

**GPS**

**Navigation **

_**Airport Services**__*** ***_
** ****TIS**
** ****FIS**
** ****Hospitality**
** ****Maint.**

_*Internet*_* *
-  Weather Products
-  NOTAMs
-  Flight Service Stations
-  Other

**Gateway **

**Original graphic courtesy of Computer Networks & Software, Inc.**

**VHF Radio**

**VHF Radio**

**VHF Radio**

**Line of **
**sight**

_**NAS Services**_
** ****ATM System **
** ****HUB Airports**
** ****TIS-B**

***Non-CIE ***
***Aircraft***

**DATABASE**
**CONNECTIVITY**

-  XM
-  RFID
-  AM/FM
-  802.xx

**Airborne Internet**

**VPN**

**Collaborative Information Environment**
**“****Meet us in the cloud”**

## Airborne Internet and Network Enabled Operations

**A.I. brings TCP/IP connectivity to the aircraft, **_***enabling***_** Shared Situational Awareness.**
**Currently do not have system-wide network connectivity**
** **_***between aircraft***_** and/or **
**between **_***aircraft and the ground***_**.**
**Extend network-enabled operations beyond security to include air traffic control.**
**Simply add applications (i.e. *****WEATHER*****) to the network as needed**.

## Functional Picture of the Collaborative Information Environment

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**Functional Picture of the Collaborative Information Environment**

- Safety

- O/S, Products & solutions

## INFORMATION CONNECTIVITY! at ALL altitudes, at ALL times

** ****Reliability and Availability are design goals**
** ****Includes backup provision for data connectivity**
**- Coverage: Ground up, all altitudes**
**- Includes Gulf of Mexico, Oceanic, entire continental U.S., world wide potential**

## Airborne Internet and Weather

- In the operational Airborne Internet, aircraft will have the ability to *freely* SEND and RECEIVE data (*information*)
*Deliver national capability for NGATS to proactively utilize probabilistic weather information*
- Enable the _**Airborne Aviation Weather Observation Network**_ (AAWON)
- Weather sensors aboard Airborne Internet enabled aircraft become a tremendous weather data collection opportunity
- Better ability to transfer ground derived *weather information* to aircraft
- A.I. will enable the *direct integration of weather information into operational automated decision tools,*
- A.I. will enable *proactive weather decisions*

## The Demand for Weather in the Cockpit Continues

**Garmin has a new portable device for GA that can display live satellite weather data and other aero-related information.**
**The new **_**GPSMAP 396**_** with **_**XM WX Satellite Weather**_** features NEXRAD (next generation radar) hourly METARS (meteorological aviation routine weather reports), TAFs (terminal area forecasts), TFRs (temporary flight restrictions) plus lightning, winds aloft, and several other weather products, Garmin says.**
**The device can also display TIS (traffic information service) data when interfaced to the Garmin's **_**GTX330**_** transponder, and can channel frequencies with the touch of a button when interfaced to Garmin's **_**SL30**_** nav/comm radio. **

- GTX330 transponder

- GPSMAP 396

_**The Demand for Weather in the Cockpit Continues**_

## Great Lakes Fleet Experiment (GLFE) andTropospheric Airborne Meteorological Data Reporting (TAMDAR) Sensor Development 

- TAMDAR
- equipped
- aircraft will
- fly to many
- smaller
- airports
- (shown in
- black) where
- ACARS/MDCRS
- data is not
- currently
- available

## Why do we need TAMDAR?

- Commercial aircraft are supplying an increasing amount of upper air data (called ACARS or MDCRS) near large and medium size cities.

## Why do we need TAMDAR?

- TAMDAR soundings from commuter aircraft will provide needed data for improvements in computer models used in weather forecasting
- The data will also be directly useful to pilots, and to meteorologists in NWS and airline weather offices

## Determine whether TAMDAR can help NWS meteorologists in field offices produce warnings and forecasts with greater precision and accuracy.

- NWS meteorologists will use TAMDAR in forecasts and warning in the following program areas
- Severe Convective Storms
- Assessing Stability
- Monitoring capping inversions
- Determine potential for rotating storms
- Aviation Forecasts
- Detect low level wind shear
- Locate moist layers and inversions for cloud and fog forecasting
- Winter Weather
- Determine freezing level and locations of temperature inversions to forecast precipitation type of winter storms
- Fire Weather
- Soundings will be used in narrative, point and spot forecasts
-       -    Marine Weather
-                 **.**  Determine winds and stability upstream of lakes and oceans for wind and
-                     wave forecasts

## Government Interest and Activity in Airborne Internet

**FAA Technical Center A.I. Research Lab**
**DoD/Military (Air Force Communications Agency, Scott AFB)**

## FAA Tech CenterAirborne Internet Research LabA.I. Program

**Focal point for A.I. research & development**
**Converging A.I. interests of various parties**
**FAA, NASA, Industry, DoD, TSA, DHS, A.I. Consortia**
**3. Collaborate: DoD, TSA, NASA, AI Consortia, Industry**
**4. Pool resources for the common good**
**5. Demonstrate A.I. to stake holders**
**6. Develop A.I. to be Link Independent, Reliable, Available, **_***all classes of aircraft***_

## Airborne Internet Lab Alliances

**Federal Government**

**Airborne Internet Lab**
**Development & Flight Test**
**Capability**
**FAA Technical Center**
**Atlantic City NJ**

**Federal Air Marshals**

**Dept of Homeland Security**

**NASA**

_**Corporate Collaborations**_
**PMEI**
**Aerosat**
**SBIR**

_**Academic Collaborations**_
**Rowan**
**Stevens Inst**
**ERAU**
**Ohio U**

***Airborne Internet Lab Alliances***

**International**
**Community**

## FAA Tech CenterSBIR: Develop Airborne Internet/Collaborative Information Environment Services

***Develop prototype Airborne Internet Web services (******XML******) to ***_***share information***_*** about and relative to Airport/Facility Directory, restricted airspace.***
**Create a Web service based on **_**weather data**_
**Create a Web service that contains Airport/Facility Directory information.**
**Create a “restricted airspace” Web service**

- (SSA 1.1*  Knowledge flows real-time and freely via both push and pull processes to relevant NGATS communities of interest for informed decision making)*

## FAA Tech CenterAirborne Internet Research Lab

** ****Integration to TC NAS labs:**
**	****ATC, CNS, Simulations, Security**
** ****Six T.C. Aircraft for flight tests**
**	****(7****th**** next year)**
** ****Application research & development**
**SWIM, CPDLC, etc.**
**Information Sharing**
**Surveillance Augmentation**
**XML aviation services**
**VoIP, “packet” voice**
**FAMs: video, voice**
**Black Box real time data**
_**Weather (sensors/apps)**_
**EFB (can ****display weather****)**
**InfoSec**
**Data Compression**
**IP Version 6**

## FAA Tech CenterAirborne Internet In SATS

-  FAATC Aircraft one of six participants in High Volume Operations flight demo
-  **Airborne Internet** used by 5 of the 6 flight participants
-  **Airborne Internet** enabled the HVO technologies of SATS to work

## FAA System Wide Information Management System (SWIM)

**Flight Service **

**Station Systems**

**Tower**

**Systems**

**Terminal**

**Systems**

**En Route **

**Systems**

**Oceanic **

**Systems**

**TFM**

**Systems**

**AOC Traffic Flow Mgr **

**Flight Service**

**Specialists**

**En**

**-**

**Route and Oceanic**

**Controllers**

**Tower and Terminal**

**Controllers**

**Fire**

**-**

**Wall**

**NAS Air Traffic Services with System-to-System Coordination**

**-**

**Traffic **

**Flow**

**Specialists**

**Airline Operations**

**Center Systems**

**Standard**

**Data**

**Common**

**Geographical**

**Reference**

**Common**

**Geographical**

**Reference**

**4D flight profile**

**negotiation**

**General Aviation **

- SWIM

***Airborne Internet/***
***Collaborative Information Environment***

**Standard**

**Data**

**XML Web Services**
**IP Network**

**FAA System Wide Information Management System (SWIM)**

## FAA Tech CenterAirborne Internet Research Lab 

***Two Different Approaches to A.I.***
**AeroSat – non-satellite, air transport backbone, *****includes GA & ship***
***- High bandwidth, very low cost connectivity***
**PMEI – VHF, multi-mode aviation radio, includes ADS-B, ICAO SARPs compliant, *****includes GA & ship***
***- Medium bandwidth, CNS avionics consolidation***

## AeroSat Airborne Internet DemonstrationBroadband communications over 1000 times as fast as standard 64K satellite service, operating at a small fraction of the cost.

**Range: 300 Miles at 30,000 ft**

**45 Mbps**

**45 Mbps**

**Applications**

***AeroSat Airborne Internet Demonstration***Broadband communications over 1000 times as fast as standard 64K satellite service, operating at a small fraction of the cost.

- Operations and Maintenance:
- 	Engine Monitoring
- 	Crew Communications
- 	Fault Reporting
- 	Diversion Management
- Cabin Services:
- Internet Access
- Programming Distribution

- Air Traffic Management:
- System Capacity (separation)
- Hazardous Weather Avoidance
- Collaborative Decision Making
- Position reporting
- Safety & Security:
- Transportation Security
- Real Time Black Box Transmission
- 	Telemedicine
- 	**Weather**

## Aerosat Airborne Internet Concept

***Aerosat Airborne Internet Concept***

## AeroSat - Airborne InternetNorth Atlantic Flights

**Tues morning, 10:00 am, flights to N. America**
**– ****All aircraft with flight plans**

## AeroSat - Airborne InternetNorth Atlantic Flights

**Tues morning, 10:00 am,  300 mile range ring **
**– ****All aircraft with flight plans**

## Initial Airborne Internet  - PMEI

**Radios are based on ICAO standards**
**Developed with a world-wide concept of operations in mind**
**VHF, Multi-mode capable**
**Peer-to-peer connectivity**
**TCP/IP capable, includes ADS-B**
**Usable by all aircraft, low cost**

## Initial Airborne Internet  - PMEI

***Graphic courtesy of CNS Inc.***

## PMEI VHF Airborne Internet Radios

**PMEI Aircraft radios**

**OTE Ground Radio**
**(software by PMEI)**

## PMEI Multi-protocol radio (v5)

**Supports COTS TCP/IP communication *****(Identical external interfaces with prior VDL product line)***
**Built-in GPS engine**
**Built-in TDMA RF network synchronization access and ADS-B services **
**DSB/AM voice operations (optioned)**
**Optioned multi-channel (4 receive and 1 real-time dynamically assignable transmitter)**
**Ethernet connectivity to airhost CPU**

## FAA Tech CenterAirborne Internet Research Lab and the Air Force AFCA

**Interagency Agreement signed Feb 2005**
**Draft Implementation Plan now in progress**
**Working with AFCA-Technology Directorate on A.I. development**
**T.C. will do A.I. related work for AFCA**
**On going dialogue and working relationship**
**Introduced AFCA to the AIC**

## INDUSTRY EFFORTS IN A.I.

***The Airborne Internet Consortium***

**Industry sponsored consortium to advance A.I./CIE:**
**Develop **_**open**_** standards, GS&Cs**
**Industry funded, Gov’t can contribute**
**Developed an A.I. Work Plan ($30 Million)**
**Public-private collaboration - 501(c)3**
**United Airlines, Sun Microsystems, Aerosat, PMEI, CNS Inc., Mulkerin, Microflight, Boeing-ATM, Airbus**
**Interest from: ITT, Northrop Grumman,, NASA, FAA, ARINC, SITA, VA SATSLAB, Ohio Univ., and others**

**http://www.AirborneInternet.org**

## AIC and Government Partnership

**AIC and Government Partnership**

**Partnership**

**Federal**

- Airborne
- Internet
- Consortium

**Strategic Council**

**Management Council**

**Flight Test**
**Capabilities**

**PMEI**
**Aerosat**
**CNS**
**Airlines**
**Avionics**
**Etc.**

- FAA
- AI Lab-Tech Ctr

**Tech **
**Team #1**

**Tech**
**Team #X**

- NASA-GRC

- Others

**Systems Engineer Team**

- Workplan

**http://www.AirborneInternet.org**

## Network In the Sky

***Ralph Yost***
***Research & Technology Division***
***William J Hughes Technical Center***
***Atlantic City Airport, NJ 08405***
***(609) 485-5637***
***Ralph.Yost@faa.gov***
***http://www.AirborneInternet.com***
***http://www.airborneinternet.net***

***Network In the Sky***
***Every aircraft is a network node***

## BACKUP SLIDES

## What is Link Independent ?

- Application Link
-  Analyzer
- (ALA)

- Various methods to maintain network connectivity

- User
- Application #1

- User
- Application #2

- User
- Application #3

- User
- Application #4

- User
- Application #5