# Presentation: 051954

## Overview of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and its university partnerships

- Lee Riedinger
- Associate Laboratory Director
- University Partnerships
- December 6, 2004

**Notes:**
1.  Summary of FY04 performance: a banner year
Highlights for S&T, operations/ES&H, community service, university partnerships
2.  A look ahead: Strategic outlook
Long-term drivers for federally funded R&D
Near-term national and R&D priorities
Implications for the DOE laboratories
What is DOE up to?
3.  ORNL priorities for FY05 (and beyond)
Aspiration (world-class lab) and current budget position 
Lab agenda
Research priorities
Operations priorities
Community priorities
4.  Organization and leadership
November 1 reorganization: who and why
Expectations
5.  Risks 

## ORNL is DOE’s largest multipurpose science laboratory

**Nation’s largest science facility:****the $1.4B Spallation Neutron Source**
**Nation’s largest concentration****of open source materials research**
**Nation’s largest energy laboratory**
**$300 million modernization**

**$1 billion budget**
**3800 employees**
**3000 research guests annually**
**Nation’s largest unclassified scientific computing facility**
**18 user facilities**

## We operate user facilities that serve an international research community

**Metals Processing Laboratory****User Center**

**National Environmental****Research****Park**

**High Temperature****Materials Laboratory**

- Providing access to unique and expensive tools and facilitiesfor cutting-edge research

**Notes:**
ORNL’s 18 user facilities are open to researchers from other labs, universities, and industry in fields ranging from fundamental physics to environmental research. Among the most heavily used:
BTC: Focuses on development of technologies that improve the energy efficiency and environmental compatibility of residential and commercial buildings; new focus on electric power systems technology (transmission, distribution, automation, and control)
HFIR (ORNL’s “other billion-dollar facility”): neutron scattering research, neutron activation analysis, and materials irradiation studies.
HTML: Six user centers for solving materials problems that limit the efficiency and reliability of advanced energy
MPLUS: Materials processing, joining, and characterization; materials/process modeling; sponsored by the Office of Industrial Technology in DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
National Environmental Research Park: >12,000 acres of protected land for research in the environmental sciences.  Field research sites for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems analysis.
Others: Bioprocessing Research Facility; Californium User Facility for Neutron Science; Computational Center for Industrial Innovation; Cooling, Heating, and Power Integration Laboratory; Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center; Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility; National Transportation Research Center (with UT); Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator; Physical Properties Research Facility; Power Electronics and Electric Machinery Research Center; and Shared Research Equipment User Center.

## We are building world-class tools for studying nanoscale science

**Spallation Neutron Source:**
**A pulsed source of neutrons for probing ****nanomaterials**
**Driven by a 1.4 MW ****proton beam**
**Ready in 2006**

**High Flux Isotope Reactor:**
**The best research reactor in the U.S.**
**World-class****instruments****for doing neutron****scattering**

**Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences**

**Ultrahigh-resolution microscopy**
**Advanced Microscopy Laboratory ready for aberration-corrected electron microscope**
**New world record****resolution: 0.6 ****Å**
**Aiming for 0.3 Å**

**Construction****on schedule****for 2006**
**User program****launched with****42 projects**

**Notes:**
SNS: See next slide. 
CNMS: User program draws on existing facilities; users from universities, industry (DuPont, Luna Innovations), and other labs (NASA Langley; Fritz Haber Institut, Max Born Institut) plus ORNL; national “Workshop to Identify and Prioritize National Needs in Instrumentation and Methods for Nanoscale Imaging, Characterization, and Manipulation” to be held in September.
Also in progress: the Advanced Materials Processing Laboratory, a 20,000-sq-ft addition to Building 4508.

## The Spallation Neutron Sourceis the nation’s largest new science project

- The Spallation Neutron Sourceis the nation’s largest new science project

**$1.4 billion**
**6-laboratory collaboration**
**Opens in 2006**
**16 instruments approved for target hall**

**Notes:**
Spallation Neutron Source
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an accelerator-based neutron source under construction in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The SNS will provide the world's most intense beams of neutrons for scientific research and industrial development. When it begins operating in 2006, the SNS is expected to attract 2,000 visiting researchers to Oak Ridge each year. 

Neutrons (neutral atomic particles) are highly penetrating. A beam of neutrons directed at a target material will "scatter" in a way that reveals the structure and properties of the target material. Having a "brighter" (i.e., higher intensity) source of neutrons will provide more detail on material structure. 

Neutron scattering is used by a variety of scientific disciplines to study the arrangement, motion, and interaction of atoms in materials. 
Neutrons have been used to understand how bones mineralize during development and decay during osteoporosis (and to examine proposed remedies to see if they will work). 
The development of low-fat ice cream with acceptable taste and texture has drawn on basic knowledge about microstructures obtained with neutron scattering.
Neutrons from the SNS will be used to study the properties of complex fluids, such as blood, and soft materials, such as the permeable walls of cells and other membranes. This could speed the development of artificial blood and of drug delivery systems that can target specific parts of the body. 
Much of what is known about the behavior of atoms in magnetic materials has been learned from neutron scattering. This information has been essential to the development of compact disks and videotapes. Future experiments on the SNS should give us the ability to develop high-performance magnetic materials that could lead to smarter sensors and radiation-resistant computer data storage devices.

What is spallation? When a fast particle, such as a high-energy proton, bombards a heavy atomic nucleus, some neutrons are "spalled," or knocked loose, in a nuclear reaction called "spallation." Other neutrons are "boiled off" as the bombarded nucleus heats up. 

In the SNS, negatively charged hydrogen ions, produced by an ion source, will be injected into a linear accelerator. The accelerated ions will pass through a foil that strips off the ion's electrons, converting it to a proton. The protons will pass into a ring where they will be accumulated in "bunches." Each bunch will be released from the ring as a pulse. These high-energy proton pulses will strike a mercury target. The neutrons released from these collisions will be slowed down in a moderator and guided through beam lines to areas containing special instruments (such as neutron detectors). Once there, neutrons of different energies will be used in a wide variety of experiments.

## The Spallation Neutron SourceTotal cost: $1.4 billion

- The Spallation Neutron SourceTotal cost: $1.4 billion

**Operational in 2006**
**World’s most powerful pulsed spallation source**
**With complementary resources at the High Flux Isotope Reactor, Oak Ridge will lead the world in neutron scattering**

**Proton accelerator**

**Target hall**

**Office building**

**Nanoscience center**

**Notes:**
SNS is the nation’s largest science project. Construction began in 1999; the project is now 87% complete. Five national labs collaborated with ORNL on the project: Lawrence Berkeley (front end), Los Alamos and Thomas Jefferson (linear accelerator), Brookhaven (accumulator ring), and Argonne (instrument systems, with ORNL); ORNL was responsible for the target and for the overall project. 
When it begins operating in 2006, it will be the world’s most powerful source of pulsed neutrons, opening the way for explorations of the structure and function of materials using the 16 world-class instruments in the target hall. Its operating budget will be ~$150M, and it will bring 1000 to 2000 researchers to East Tennessee every year. 
A well-developed upgrade path will keep SNS at the forefront during its 40-year operating life. 
The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (at lower right) is the first of five DOE nanoscale science research centers. It is being built next to SNS to take advantage of the unique properties of neutrons, which make them a tool of choice for studying a variety of materials. The CNMS user program is already operating, using existing facilities at ORNL.

## We are at the forefront in computing and simulation

**Leading the partnership to develop ****the National Leadership Computing Facility**
**Leadership-class scientific computing capability**
**100 teraflops by 2006; 250 teraflops by 2007**
**Attacking key computational challenges**
**Climate change**
**Nuclear astrophysics**
**Fusion**
**Materials sciences**
**Biology**
**Providing access to our computational resources through high-speed networking**

**Notes:**
Computers help us to visualize, to test hypotheses, to guide experimental design, and to determine if there is consistency between theoretical models and experiment. Computer-based simulation provides a means for predicting the behavior of complex systems. Scientific computing has advanced our understanding of the fundamental processes of nature (e.g., fluid flow and turbulence, molecular structure and reactivity, drug–receptor interactions) and of complex natural (weather patterns) and engineered systems (aircraft).
Our new Computational Sciences Building is the best facility in the DOE system for advancing ultrascale computing. 

## We are building momentum in systems biology

- Challenge: **Integrate biology and ecology****based on the foundation of understanding ****molecular-level interactions**

- We are building momentum in systems biology

**Identify the composition and function of “molecular machines”**
**Use biological processes to**
**Produce clean energy**
**Sequester carbon**
**Help clean up the environment**
**Understand how living organisms react to their environments**
**Determine the genetic basis ****for complex traits**

**Notes:**
ORNL has a long and distinguished history in biological and environmental research, growing out of early work to assess the effects of radiation on human health and the environment. 
We will continue to use our exceptional resources for mammalian genetics at the new Russell Lab, first to complete DOE’s assignment of analyzing human chromosomes 5, 9, and 16 for the Human Genome Project (which was initiated by DOE) and then to support NIH programs. 
DOE’s focus in biology has largely shifted to microbial genomics, an area in which ORNL is developing strength. We expect to use the State-funded Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, to be constructed in the next year, to leverage our proposal for a Genomics:GTL facility focused on Characterization and Imaging of Molecular Machines. This would be roughly a $275M project (one of 4 such facilities that DOE wants to construct). 

## The big next step is understanding how proteins work 

- The big next step is understanding how proteins work

## We are applying our S&T resources to national and homeland security

- We are applying our S&T resources to national and homeland security

**Detecting, preventing, and reversing ****the proliferation of weapons ****of mass destruction**
**Deploying integrated systems ****for incident awareness, ****detection, and response**
**Providing technology ****for detecting explosives ****at the part-per-trillion level**
**Delivering enhanced protection ****and new capabilities ****to first responders and warfighters**

**Notes:**
Our customers include the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, DOE’s National Nuclear Security Administration, DoD, and the intelligence community, as well as state and local government agencies with homeland security responsibilities.
Microcantilevers: Article in Time magazine; highly versatile technology that can detect minute quantities of explosives. 

## We are making significant contributions in energy security

- Fusion
**We will build an experimental fusion confinement device - the Quasi-Poloidal Stellarator **
**We are involved in the big international project to build the next generation fusion reactor**

- Electrical Grid renewal
**Southwire superconducting cable with ORNL terminations ****in operation for >28,000 hours**
**Second-generation HTS wires in pilot-scale production****by industry**

- Nuclear Energy
**We are working on the next generation nuclear power reactor**
**We are developing high-speed centrifuges for enrichment of uranium for the power industry**

**Notes:**
Fusion: 
CD-1 approval based on good physics design, prelim cost estimate, and schedule; allows us to start project if/when funding is available. Our QPS acquisition strategy was praised by OECM. We have invested GPP funds to build the Multiprogram High-Bay Facility in the Robotics area to house QPS and other fusion experiments.
Proposal teams DOE’s two strongest fusion labs and draws on SNS procurement experience; Carl Strawbridge will play a key project management role.
Grid: 30-m cable at Southwire’s Carrollton, GA plant. S&T for the terminations (normal-to-superconducting interface) was supplied by ORNL’s Fusion Energy Division, which leads this work for DOE-OETD. HTS: Special issue of MRS Bulletin (August 2004) edited by Parans Paranthaman of ORNL; features HTS wire R&D at ORNL and other institutions (with industry partners).
Nuclear: USEC CRADA: total value of $125M; $28.5M at ORNL. Rotor design has been optimized with computational models; this first rotor is being tested at ETTP. ORNL has also installed the balance stand I&C system at ETTP and begun training USEC personnel on operating the equipment.

## We use our resources to support science education

- University partnerships** **
**Student and faculty****research programs**
**Scholarships**
**Support for****science education ****in the community**

**Notes:**
Photo: Jennifer Morrell, UT Research Associate, at the confocal laser scanning microscope. Ms. Morrell is working with Dr. Mitchel Doktycz in ORNL's Molecular Imaging Group. The confocal laser scanning microscope is the standard tool for live-cell imaging; it enables researchers to see which proteins are interacting with each other and with other molecules inside a live cell in real time.

## ORNL’s programs depend on close university partnerships

**Our long relationship with the University of Tennessee has been expanded to include other key universities**

**Oak Ridge Associated Universities **

**New relationships****with minority ****educational institutions**

**Seven “core university” partners: ****Duke, Florida State, Georgia Tech, ****North Carolina State, Vanderbilt, Virginia, Virginia Tech**

**The UT-Battelle partnership ****explicitly includes other academic institutions**

**Notes:**
The UT-Battelle partnership also explicitly includes a substantial role for the broader university community that was built into UT‐Battelle’s proposal to manage ORNL. ORAU and the six UT-Battelle “core” universities (all leading research universities) play a key role in the management of ORNL and in our research programs, through joint appointments, collaborative research, and education (ORAU manages our education programs).
Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU): An 88-member consortium that promotes collaborative partnerships with universities, federal laboratories, and industry for the benefit of its member institutions. As a partner and contractor with DOE, ORAU operates the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) to provide operational capabilities and conduct research, education, and training in science and technology, national security, environmental safety and health, and environmental management. ORAU was chartered in 1947 as the Oak Ridge Institute for Nuclear Studies to provide southeastern universities (14 original members) with access to ORNL’s scientific resources. 
ORAU and the core universities are represented on the UT-Battelle Board of Governors and participate in discussions 
We are working together to expand our interactions with historically black colleges and universities and other minority educational institutions.

## Collaborative research 

**Science and technology committee**

**UT-Battelle Board**

**Programs driven ****by principal investigators**
**Strategically directed partnerships ****(e.g., in nanoscience, high-end ****computing, homeland security)**

**Joint hiring**

**Heavy ion research**
**Neutron sciences**
**Biological sciences**
**Computational sciences**

**Oak Ridge Center for Advanced Studies**

**Collaborative research**** **

**Distinguished scientists with UT**
**Joint faculty with partner universities**

**Joint institutes**

**21st century policy center**
**Focused on complex****interdisciplinary problems**

- Our university collaborations take many forms

**Notes:**
The six “core universities” and Oak Ridge Associated Universities are a key part of the UT-Battelle partnership.
With their support, we are establishing ORCAS to focus on “trans-scientific” questions 
Joint appointments: 33 with UT, 10 with core universities, 1 with North Carolina A&T; we are looking to use this mechanism to attract new “Academy-level” staff to ORNL and UT in the areas represented by the joint institutes.

- The UT-ORNL joint institutes are points of intersection for university faculty

**$9M State-funded building, now in use**
**Programs for students****and postdocs**
**Access to ORNL terascale computing capabilities**

**$8M State-funded building to be constructed in 2005**
**Supports programs in genome****science and systems biology**

**Joint Institute for Computational Sciences**

**$8M State-funded building planned**
**Office and ****conference facility**
**Workshops, visiting fellows, postdocs, students**

**Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences**

**Joint Institute for Biological Sciences**

**Notes:**
ORNL and UT leaders are now seeking funding for JINS as the final piece of the State’s commitment (made during the M&O contract competition) to build facilities at ORNL if the contract was awarded to UT-Battelle.
Joint  institutes are visitor- and user-oriented entities built  around major ORNL capabilities: JICS is linked to the Center for Computational Sciences, JIBS to the Mouse House, JINS to HFIR and SNS, and JIHIR to Holifield. Although we are expanding the joint institutes to include the UT-Battelle core universities, they are of particular benefit to UT faculty because of their proximity, which affords the opportunity for working closely with ORNL staff and visitors.
HISTORICAL NOTES:
The joint institute concept originated in the early 1980s with the Joint Institute for Heavy Ion Research (JIHIR), which is housed in a facility constructed with $350K from the state and $40K from ORAU on land leased from DOE (Vanderbilt is also a partner in JIHIR). The Joint  Institute for Energy and Environment, which is physically located at UT, builds on ORNL and UT capabilities for addressing energy and environmental issues.

## New ORNL east campus

**Research Support****Center (DOE)**

**Research ****Office Building****(Private sector)**

**Engineering Technology****Facility****(Private sector)**

**JICS/ORCAS ****(State of Tennessee)**

## Oak Ridge Center for Advanced Studies -  a new university collaboration

**Announce ORCAS and scientific advisory board****next spring**

**Partners - ORNL, ORAU, UT, core universities, Battelle**
**Policy studies - explore major issues of science and technology as contributors to our society**

**First topical symposium probably next summer**

## ORNL is committed to increased interactions with HBCUs and MEIs

- Faculty visits:
**Bring faculty to ORNL for summer research**
**Funded by ORNL ****and ORAU**

- Large initiatives:
**Build special initiatives with selected HBCUs**
**Work towards a sabbatical program**

- Students:
**Include in DOE RAMS program**
**Tie this in part****to faculty program**

- Joint hires:
**Look for opportunities for joint faculty**
**NC A&T success**

- General:
**Visits to HBCUs****by lab staff**
**Day of Science **

- Our program has various emphases

**Notes:**
ORCAS:
We held a workshop on 9/12-13/02 and agreed to a plan for the nature of the interdisciplinary problems to attack.  Partners agreed to 3 years of financial support, which will allow a 2003 move to hire a director.
JICS:
Thom Dunning was hired as a distinguished scientist and JICS director.  UT has committed $1.3M/yr of resources in the area of high-performance computing via JICS.
HBCU:
In partnership with ORAU, we set up a summer research program for HBCU/MEI faculty. Last summer we hosted 16 faculty members from 14 institutions. This summer, there wew 17 faculty members from 13 schools.  One of the 2001 summer faculty, Dhananjay Kumar is nearly set up as a joint faculty with NC A&T.
Joint hires:
The 11 joint hires in ‘02 include 6 people that were already at UT or ORNL and 5 new ones.  10 of these 11 are with UT; the other was Sean Agnew with Uva.  We have two previously hired joint faculty with NCSU.  Now we are close to a joint hire with Georgia Tech in computational science.
Large initiatives:
Awards: Ying Xu got an NSF award for computational biology through his adjunct faculty status at UT.  Tony Mezzacappa has NASA support in the same way.  Also there is an NSF award for materials research outreach and education.

## We had a successful third Day of Science on November 15, 2004

**195 students and 77 faculty from 35 universities including 28 HBCUs at ORNL for a day**
**Talks about the lab and interactions with ****exhibitors from research areas**
**Session with the faculty about how to ****interact with ORNL**

- Purpose

## Our demographics and projected growth impose a formidable challenge
We will find, attract, develop, and retain the very best by
Changing our recruiting strategyto focus on partnerships withleading universities and research institutions
Reviewing the quality anddiversity of our hires
Redesigning our human resources strategy and organization
Developing highly valued and well-prepared leaders

**We will find, attract, develop, ****and retain the very best by**
**Changing our recruiting strategy****to focus on partnerships with****leading universities ****and research institutions**
**Reviewing the quality and****diversity of our hires**
**Redesigning our human resources ****strategy and organization**
**Developing highly valued and well-prepared leaders**

- Our most pressing challenge:Attracting the best talent from a diversity of backgrounds

**Notes:**
[Lee Riedinger will speak to this in his presentation]
Our recruitment requirements over the next several years have become a challenge of the highest priority. We must simultaneously 
seek to replace a large number of anticipated departures 
and grow to meet our needs for new programs. 
We have a particular need for research talent and thought leadership in biology and energy, growth in computing and national security, strong leadership in ??? sciences
The challenge has to be met in a way that will bring to the Lab the best scientific and technical talent from a diverse background. 
This ambitious goal can be achieved only with:
a radical change in our recruiting strategy and our engagement with the nation’s and  world's premier universities and research laboratories at a level well beyond our current effort (Lee Riedinger: new role in leading this effort)
a redesign of our HR strategy, to include a new department structure with different roles and responsibilities (Paula Linnen of Pacific Northwest to assist in search for a new HR director).