# Presentation: 702347

**ANIMAL SCIENCES**
**SCIENCE DEVELOPMENTS IN TRANSGENIC ANIMAL ENGINEERING AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES**

**ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON BIOTECHNOLGY AND **
**21****ST**** CENTURY AGRICULTURE**

## Biotechnologies, Animal Production, and Animal Health1945 to 1995

**Milk Production Up 3-Fold**
**Eggs/Year Up 134 to 254 **
**Broilers Days to 1.8 kg: Reduced from 84 to 43 Days and one-half the feed**
**Leaner and Faster Growing Pigs**
**Leaner and More Efficient Beef Cattle**
**Overall Improvement in Animal Health**

## Research Driven Biotechnologies in Animal Agriculture and Biomedical Research

**IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF:**
**Reproductive Biology**
**Endocrinology**
**Embryology**
**Genetics/Genomics**
**Nutrition**
**Animal Health/Disease Resistance**

## BIOTECHNOLOGIES

**ESTABLISHED: BREEDING AND GENETICS**
**Statistical Models Predict Breeding Values**
**Sire Testing and Selection**
**Crossbreeding**
**EMERGING**
**Marker Assisted Selection**
**Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)/Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)**
**Direct Gene Transfer **
**Homologous Recombination**
**Genetic Engineering Through Sperm**

## BIOTECHNOLOGIES

**REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT**
**ESTABLISHED**
**Artificial Insemination**
**Synchronization of Estrus and Ovulation**
**Sex Reversal (Fish)**
**Artificial Incubation of Eggs**
**Nutrition**
**Disease Control**
**EMERGING**
**SEX CONTROL**
**PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS**
**TRAIT SELECTION**

## BIOTECHNOLOGIES

**GAMETE AND EMBRYO MANIPULATIONS**
**ESTABLISHED**
**Superovulation, Embryo Collection and Transfer, IVM and IVF, Embryo Splitting and Cloning from Blastomeres**
**EMERGING **
**Cloning**
**	****Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)**
**	****SCNT for Genetic Engineering**
**Epigenetics**

## Embryo Splitting

**Embryo Splitting**

## IMPACT OF BIOTECHNOLOGIES

**Assisted Reproductive Technologies/Cloning**
**Embryo Transfer: 40,000-50,000 Calves/Year**
**IVM/IVF:  4,000 Calves in 1996**
**Blastomere Nuclear Transfer Cloning**
** ****(61 males and 126 females)**
**Embryo Splitting (754 males and 1,472 females)  **
**Reference: NAAB 1996 and Holstein Associate 2001**

## BIOTECHNOLOGIES

**IMPACTING LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY**
**Steroid Growth Stimulants**
**Bovine Somatotropin - Increase Milk Yield**
**EMERGING**
**	****SPERM-MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER ECTOPIC DNA CONSTRUCTS**
**	****MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION**
**	****GENOME SIGNAL PROCESSING –Systems Biology**

## EMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGIES

**SPERM MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER**
**VIRAL EXPRESSION VECTORS – SPERM UPTAKE**
**DNA POSITIVE PIGS – 0 TO 88%**
**DNA POSITIVE – mRNA POSITIVE – 41-100%**
**EFFICIENT AND INEXPENSIVE**
**STABLE INTEGRATION OF TRANSGENE**
**RANDOM INSERTION OF TRANSGENE**
**ADVERSE POSITION EFFECTS ON GENE EXPRESSION**
**LETHAL EFFECTS OF EXPRESSION VECTOR**
**VL30 (50 ng) vs PCMVhGH (1000 ng)/1 million sperm**
**LAVITRANO ET AL. MOL REPROD DEV 64:284**

## EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

**EXPRESSION OF ECTOPIC DNA IN RATS**
**GHRH cDNA DRIVEN BY SYNTHETIC MUSCLE-SPECIFIC PROMOTER: **
**INCREASE GROWTH HORMONE**
**INCREASE IGF-I**
**INCREASE FETAL-PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT**
**INCREASE BIRTHWEIGHTS**
**ALTERED PITUITARY SOMATOTROPHS AND LACTOTROPHS IN PUPS**
**KHAN ET AL. 2002; DRAGHIA-AKLI 2002**

## Slide 12

## EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

**EXPRESSION OF ECTOPIC DNA IN ****PIGS**
**GHRH cDNA DRIVEN BY SYNTHETIC MUSCLE-SPECIFIC PROMOTER: **
**HEAVIER BIRTH WEIGHTS**
**HEAVIER WEANING WEIGHTS**
**INCREASE SERUM IGF-I**
**INCREASE IN PITUITARY SOMATOTROPHS AND LACTOTROPHS (BIRTH AND 100 KG)**
**KHAN et al. 2003, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285:E224-E231.**

## IGF1 SNP 5A Allele and Size of Dog

## Why Clone Animals

**Research**
**	****Development, aging, cancer, models for biomedical research**
**Applications**
**	****Genotype replication, genetic conservation, genetic engineering **

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