# Presentation: 316019

## Future Missions

**Steering Committee**
**Presented by J. Barth**

***Working Group Meeting on New Standard Radiation Belt and Space Plasma Models***

- Workshop on Radiation Belt Models

- 6 October 2004

## NASALiving With a Star Geospace Mission OverviewInvestigation Descriptions

**Radiation Belt Storm Probes  -  RBSP**
**Two spacecraft in nearly identical, low-inclination (<18********, 12******** goal), highly elliptical (500 km ******** 5.5 RE) orbits**
**“****Chasing” orbits to separate spatial from temporal variations in radial profiles**
**Ionosphere Thermosphere Storm Probes  -  ITSP**
**Two spacecraft in nearly identical, 60********-inclination, circular ****orbits at a nominal altitude of 400 - 450 km**
**Ionosphere Thermosphere imager at geosynchronous**
_**Status**_**: LWS Program and Solar Dynamics Observatory were successfully confirmed at the Agency level June 1, 2004 including fully funded Geospace missions with launches in 2010 and 2012.**
**AO Release?**

*From the Living With a Star Geospace Mission Definition Team Report NASA/TM-2002-211613*

- Workshop on Radiation Belt Models

- 6 October 2004

## Living With a Star Geospace Mission OverviewMeasurement Strategy

**Radiation Environment**
**Radiation belt electrons, vector magnetic field, ring current particles, AC magnetic field, AC/DC electric fields**
**Ionosphere - Thermosphere**
**DC electric field (ion drifts), neutral wind vector, plasma density and fluctuations, plasma density altitude profile, neutral density and mass composition, neutral temperature, scintillations**
**Global imaging of O/N****2****, Ne****2 **
**EUV measurements from Solar Dynamics Observatory**

*From the Living With a Star Geospace Mission Definition Team Report NASA/TM-2002-211613*

***Concurrent observations by RBSP, ITSP, with EUV measurements from SDO, and Global IT Imaging***

- Workshop on Radiation Belt Models

- 6 October 2004

## Living With a Star/Space Environment Testbed

**Space Environment Testbeds are required to measure *****in situ***** environment for technology investigations.**
**SET #1 – Primarily microelectronics technologies**
**Orbit is TBD – Likely 600-1400 km, ~60****°**** inclination**
**CREDANCE**
**Proton flux > 40 MeV per unit solid angle**
**Linear Energy Spectrum (LET) of heavy ions in the range of 100 MeV g****-1****cm****2**** to 25000 MeV g****-1****cm****2**
**Total ionizing dose in silicon at 2 different shielding depths**
**Charging current at 3 different shielding depths which provides energetic electron flux measurements at 3 energies**

- Workshop on Radiation Belt Models

- 6 October 2004

## Living With a Star/Space Environment Testbed(continued)

**SET #2 - Microelectronics, materials, and imaging technologies**
**Orbit – “in the belts”**
**CREDANCE**
**Light Particle Detector**
**Electrons**
**0.3-1.5, 1.7-3.4, 3.4-6.6, 6.6->10 MeV**
**Protons**
**1.2-12.5, 12.5-24.5, 24.5-37, 38-53, 53-96, 96-150 MeV**
**High energy proton channel (E = 96-150 MeV) important for highly shielded and human applications**
**Heavy Ions**
**Alphas – 7-640 MeV**
**“****Heavy Ion” – 2-160 MeV/n**

- Workshop on Radiation Belt Models

- 6 October 2004

## NASA - TWINS

**Essentially the same as the MENA instrument on the IMAGE mission**
**Neutral atom imager covering the ~1-100 keV energy range**
**A mission of opportunity on a spacecraft provided by a non-NASA US organization**
**2 spacecraft in a Molniya orbit with 63.4****o ****inclination and 7.2 RE apogee**
**2 year mission duration**

- Workshop on Radiation Belt Models

- 6 October 2004

## NASA - THEMIS

**Will study magnetospheric substorm instability**
**5 identical probes measure particles and fields on orbits which optimize tail-aligned conjunctions over North America**
**3 inner probes at ~10Re monitor current disruption onset**
**2 outer probes, at 20 and 30Re respectively, remotely monitor plasma acceleration due to lobe flux dissipation**
**Secondary objective is to answer critical questions in radiation belt physics and solar wind - magnetosphere energy coupling**
**Launch - October 2006**
**Instrumentation**
**Fluxgate magnetometers (FGM) **
**Electrostatic analyzers (ESA) **
**Solid state telescopes (SST) **
**Search coil magnetometers (SCM) **
**Electric field instruments (EFI)**

- Workshop on Radiation Belt Models

- 6 October 2004

## USAF - DSX

**Fly suite of space particle sensors in MEO orbit regime**
**Electron and proton detectors with energy range needed to characterize effects on space systems**
**DC magnetometer to enable high-energy particle distribution mapping along magnetic field lines – turns local measurements into global particle distribution maps**
**Flight plan:**
**Orbit required: dynamic “slot region” 6000-12000 km, low inclination**
**Low inclination needed to see bulk of particle distributions at all transversed L-shells**

- Workshop on Radiation Belt Models

- 6 October 2004

## DSX - SWx Sensors (1)

**Low-Energy Imaging Particle Spectrometer (LIPS)**
**Uses scintillator technique to distinguish electrons from protons and measure their energies in 6 log-spaced differential channels between 20 keV and 1 MeV, 4-10 degree resolution.**

**High Energy Electron Telescope (HEET)**
**Uses Cerenkov light technique to measure the spectrum of high energy electrons in 7 differential energy channels between 3 and 30 MeV high energy protons in 7 differential channels between 370 and 2,430 MeV, 10 degree resolution.**

**DSX - SWx Sensors (1)**

**[to be replaced by High Energy Imaging Particle Spectrometer (HIPS)]**

- Workshop on Radiation Belt Models

- 6 October 2004

## DSX - SWx Sensors (2)

**High Energy Proton Spectrometer (HEPS)**
**Uses solid state and segmented scintillator technique to measure proton energies 22 differential energy channels between 20 and 440 MeV, 7.5 degree resolution.**

**Compact Environmental Anomaly Sensor (CEASE)**
**Uses solid state and electrostatic detector technique to determine the space environment threats of surface and deep dielectric charging, radiation dose, and single event effects.**

- Workshop on Radiation Belt Models

- 6 October 2004

## DSX - SWx Sensors (3)

**Low-Energy Electron and Proton Analyzer (LEESA)**
**Uses electrostatic analyzer technique to distinguish electrons from protons and measure their energies 100 eV to 50 keV in 20-30 logarithmically spaced steps**

**Magnetometer**
**Provides accurate (1 nT) measurements of the magnetic field at the S/C location**

- Workshop on Radiation Belt Models

- 6 October 2004

## QinetiQ Plans: Clive Dyer, Keith Ryden

**Heritage**
**CREDO series of instruments (LET spectra, proton fluxes, total dose)**
**SURF variants (surface and internal charging, electron fluxes)**
**New combined instrument**
**‘****Merlin’**
**New missions**
**CREDANCE (Cosmic Radiation Environment Dosimetry And Charging Experiment) investigation in LEO on LWS/SET (using a version of Merlin)**
**GSTB-V/2A, Galileo Testbed in MEO**

- Workshop on Radiation Belt Models

- 6 October 2004

## ESA - Galileo

**Galileo System Test Bed**
**MEO**
**Launch in 2****nd**** half of 2005**
**Galileo System**
**23616 km altitude, 56 degrees**
**30 satellites (27 operational + 3 active spares)**
**4 launched in 2005-2006**
**Remaining launched to reach full capability in 2008**
**2 early spacecraft will have sensors**
**First (launch Nov 2005, built by SSTL) will carry a QinetiQ MERLIN unit**
**Second (built by GAIN) will carry an SREM**
**Further spacecraft in the build-up phase MAY have sensors**

- Workshop on Radiation Belt Models

- 6 October 2004

## Merlin Measurements

**Merlin Measurements**

- Workshop on Radiation Belt Models

- 6 October 2004

## GSTB-V2/A

**Testbed for European Galileo GNSS**
**obtain frequency filing protection**
**characterise the MEO environment**
**validate certain critical payloads**
**provide representative signal-in-space transmission**
**ESA has selected SSTL to build and operate GSTB-V2/A**

**SSTL image**

**Merlin**

- Workshop on Radiation Belt Models

- 6 October 2004

## ESA - Others

**Proba-2 (2006)**
**Baseline does not have energetic particle detectors**
**Does have plasma measurement**
**May incorporate radiation monitoring at a later date**
**The Science programme is very aware of radiation issues**
**Is generally keen to have detectors on board (like XMM and Integral)**
**Many of them will fly at L2/L1 - the rest go elsewhere in the solar system**

- Workshop on Radiation Belt Models

- 6 October 2004

## Other European

**Possible European national microsat/smallsat initiatives (1 or 2) which may have sensors**

- Workshop on Radiation Belt Models

- 6 October 2004

## Canadian Space Agency - ORBITALS

**PI: Ian R. Mann**
**Dept. of Physics**
**University of Alberta**
**CANADA**
_**[Mann_ORBITALS_LWS_Workshop.](file:///Mann_ORBITALS_LWS_Workshop.ppt)**__**[ppt](file:///Mann_ORBITALS_LWS_Workshop.ppt)**_

- Workshop on Radiation Belt Models

- 6 October 2004