# Presentation: 866671

## Slide 1

##      Probing Non-Perturbative QCD with Antiprotons:        The PANDA Experiment at FAIR 

- Introduction: Why is QCD so much fun?
- The Physics: Glue and Charm:
- The Facility: FAIR
- Accelerator and Antiproton Cooler Ring
- Detector* ****PANDA ***
- Summary and Outlook

## Physics with Panda

**Charmed hadrons           in the nuclear medium**

**inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering**

**CP-violation                  (D/******** - sector)**

**Physics with Panda**

## QCD: In Principle Simple 

- Coupling of Quarks to the Gluon fields

- Contains Self – coupling of Gluons

- Small coupling: perturbative QCD
- Large coupling:
- Lattice QCD
- Field theories with effective degrees of freedom

## Running Coupling Constant

- Of particular interest:
- Transition from the quark-gluon to the hadronic degrees of freedom

**perturbative**

**strong**

-  **QCD**

## Physics with Panda

**Charmed hadrons           in the nuclear medium**

**inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering**

**CP-violation                  (D/******** - sector)**

**Physics with Panda**

## Bound States of QCD

## Flux Tubes and Hybrids

- Hybrid

- ~ Simplified Lattice Approach

- Excitation of Flux Tube
-  Additional angular momentum
-  New (exotic) quantum numbers

*Bali, 1991*

## Charmonium Hybrids

- CLEO

- One-gluon exchange

- Excited gluon flux

- Predicted by bag models, flux tube models, constituent gluon models and LQCD.
- Three of the lowest lying cc hybrids have exotic JPC (0+-,1-+,2+-)
-        no mixing with nearby cc states
- Mass 4.2 – 4.5 GeV/c2.
- Charmonium hybrids expected to be much narrower than light hybrids (open charm decays suppressed).
- Cross sections for formation and production of charmonium hybrids similar to normal cc states
-      (~ 100 – 150 pb).

## Charmonium Hybrids

- Annihilation is a gluon rich process
- creates gluonic excitation in a direct way
- 2 complementary techniques
- Production(Fixed-Momentum)
- Formation(Broad- and Fine-Scans)
- Momentum range for a survey
- p ~15 GeV

## Bound States of QCD

##   For light gg/ggg-systems:
   unique identification difficult (mixing!)
  Exotic heavy glueballs
  m(0+-) = 4140(50)(200) MeV
  m(2+-) = 4740(70)(230) MeV
  Flavor-blindness
  decay into charmed final
    states possible

-    unique identification difficult (mixing!)
-   Exotic heavy glueballs
-   m(0+-) = 4140(50)(200) MeV
-   m(2+-) = 4740(70)(230) MeV
-   Flavor-blindness
-   decay into charmed final
-     states possible

*Morningstar,Peardon, PRD60(1999)34509*
*Morningstar,Peardon, PRD56(1997)4043*

- Heavy Glueballs

- 2+-
- 0+-

## Physics with Panda

**Charmed hadrons           in the nuclear medium**

**inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering**

**CP-violation                  (D/******** - sector)**

**Physics with Panda**

## Charmonium:  Positronium of QCD

- 3

- D

- 2

- 2900

- 3100

- 3300

- 3500

- 3700

- 3900

- 4100

**

- 

- c

- (3590)

**

- c

- (2980)

- h

- c

- (3525)

**

- (3097)

**

- 

- (3686)

**

- 

- (3770)

**

- 

- (4040)

**

- 0

- (3415)

**

- 1

- (3510)

**

- 2

- (3556)

- 3

- D

- 1

- 3

- D

- 3

- 1

- D

- 2

- 3

- P

- 2

- (~ 3940)

- 3

- P

- 1

- (~ 3880)

- 3

- P

- 0

- (~ 3800)

- (~ 3800)

**1 fm**

**C**

**C**

- ~ 600 meV

- -1000

- -3000

- -5000

- -7000

- 1

- 1

- S

- 0

- 1

- 3

- S

- 1

- 2

- 1

- S

- 0

- 2

- 3

- S

- 1

- 2

- 1

- P

- 1

- 2

- 3

- P

- 2

- 2

- 3

- P

- 1

- 2

- 3

- P

- 0

- 0

- 3

- 1

- S

- 0

- 3

- 1

- D

- 2

- 3

- 3

- D

- 2

- 3

- 3

- D

- 1

- 3

- 3

- D

- 2

- Ionization energy

- 3

- 3

- S

- 1

**e**

**+**

**e**

**-**

**0.1 nm**

- Binding energy  [meV]

- Mass [MeV]

- Threshold

- 8·10-4 eV

- 10-4 eV

- Positronium

- Charmonium

**Notes:**
Charmonium ähnlicher Stellenwert wie Positronium bzw. Wasserstoffatom

einfach (nicht-relativistisch)

am besten verstanden

## Charmonium Physics

**Charmonium Physics**

- DD

- DD*

- ψ(11D2)

- ψ(13D2)

- ψ(13D3)

- ψ(13D1)

- Mcc [GeV/*c*2]

- ηc(11S0)

- ηc(21S0)

- J/ψ(13S1)

- χc0(13P0)

- χc1(13P1)

- χc2(13P2)

- h1c(11P1)

- D*D*

- ψ(33S1)

- pp [GeV/*c*]

- ψ(23S1)

- χc0(23P0)

- χc1(23P1)

- χc2(23P2)

- h1c(21P1)

- ηc(31S0)

- Open questions ...

- ηc – inconsistencies

- ηc’  - ψ(2S) splitting

- h1c – unconfirmed

- Peculiar ψ(4040)

- Terra incognita for 2P and 1D-States

## Mass resolution is only limited by the beam momentum resolution

-     virtual photon: only
-     states with JPC = 1**--**

- Advantage of  Antiprotons

## Discovery of the c(21S0) by
     Belle (+BaBar, CLEO).

Discovery of a new narrow
     state above DD threshold
     X(3872) at Belle (+ CDF,
     D0, BaBar).

- Recent discoveries:  c‘ (21S0) ,  X(3872)

- M = 3872.0  0.6  0.5 MeV/c2
-     2.3 MeV (90 % C.L.)

- Discovery of the c(21S0) by
-      Belle (+BaBar, CLEO).
- Discovery of a new narrow
-      state above DD threshold
-      X(3872) at Belle (+ CDF,
-      D0, BaBar).

- M(c) = 3637.7  4.4 MeV/c2

- _

## Physics with Panda

**Charmed hadrons           in the nuclear medium**

**inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering**

**CP-violation                  (D/******** - sector)**

**Physics with Panda**

## Hadrons in Nuclear Matter

- Currently at GSI :
- many experiments devoted to the study of hadrons in nuclei and hadronic matter :
- in-medium modifications of hadron properties
- KAOS, deeply bound pionic atoms, HADES
- hadrons with light quarks (u,d,s)

## How about Charm ?

- Mass splitting for D mesons expected !
- Probes
- Measure excitation functions for D production on Nuclei with antiproton beam
- Modification of the width of Charmonium states near the D threshold

## D – Mesons in Nuclear Matter

-   Excitation functions               Width of Charmonium States

## Charmonium in Nuclear Matter:  Observables

|  | c | J/ | c 0,1,2 | (3686) | (3770) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Expected Mass shift  | -5 MeV to
-8 MeV | -7 MeV to 
-10 MeV | 40 MeV to 
-60 MeV | -100 MeV to 
-130 MeV | -120 MeV to
-140 MeV |
| Channel |  | e+e-/+- |   J/ | e+e-/+- | e+e-/+- |

- Predicted rates at  *L *= 1032 cm-2s-1: few 10 ... few 100 events/day
- 					      S.H. Lee, nucl-th/0310080

## J/  Absorption in Nuclei

*J*/****  Absorption in Nuclei

## Physics Summary:QCD Systems to be Studied with PANDA

- Physics Summary:**QCD Systems to be Studied with PANDA**

## The FAIR Facility (was: GSI)

## HESR: High Energy Storage Ring

## The PANDA Detector:  Top View

- Length:  ~2 m upstream, ~10 m downstream

## Proposed Detector (Overview)

- High Rates
- Total σ ~ 55 mb
- Vertexing
- (σp,KS,Λ,...)
- Charged particle ID
- (e±,μ±,π±,p,...)
- Magnetic tracking
- Elm. Calorimetry
- (γ,π0,η)
- Forward capabilities
- (leading particles)
- Sophisticated Trigger(s)

## Participating Institutes(with Representative in the Coordination Board)

- Participating Institutes**(with Representative in the Coordination Board)**

- U Basel
- IHEP Beijing
- U Bochum
- U Bonn
- U & INFN Brescia
- U & INFN Catania
- U Cracow
- GSI Darmstadt
- TU Dresden
- JINR Dubna (LIT,LPP,VBLHE)
- U Edinburgh
- U Erlangen
- NWU Evanston
- U & INFN Ferrara

- U Frankfurt
- LNF-INFN Frascati
- U & INFN Genova
- U Glasgow
- U Gießen
- KVI Groningen
- IKP Jülich I + II
- U Katowice
- IMP Lanzhou
- U Mainz
- U & Politecnico & INFN Milano
- U Minsk
- TU München
- U Münster
- BINP Novosibirsk

- 45 Institutes from 12 Countries:

- U Pavia
- IHEP Protvino
- PNPI Gatchina
- U of Silesia
- U Stockholm
- KTH Stockholm
- U & INFN Torino
- Politechnico di Torino
- U Oriente, Torino
- U & INFN Trieste
- U Tübingen
- U & TSL Uppsala
- IMEP Vienna
- SINS Warsaw
- U Warsaw

## Summary and Outlook

- The FAIR Project  will include a dedicated antiproton facility
**World-class research covering the many facets of non-perturbative QCD**
- Additional benefits
- Continuation of the ongoing GSI program investigating hadrons in dense matter
- Measurement of hadronic interaction cross section CRUCIAL for the interpretation of QGP signals
-  (**J/****** suppression)
- The future beyond the future:
- Direct CP violation in the Charm sector
- Gravitation experiments with ultra-cold anti hydrogen
- CERN AD program with 100 times increased intensity and unprecedented beam quality!