# Presentation: 800608

## NOAA

**National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS): **
**U.S. Drought Portal**
**FY 2008 IT Budget Request**
- Tim Owen1 and Roger Pulwarty2
- 1NOAA/NESDIS National Climate Data Center
- Interim NIDIS Program Manager
- 2 NOAA/OAR/Earth Systems Research Laboratory

- Commerce Information Technology Review Board

- Introduction
- Basis for Investment
- Project Management
- Risk Management
- IT Security
- Architectural Compliance
- Administration/Department Goals and Initiatives

- AGENDA

## INTRODUCTION

- FY 2008 IT Budget Increase:
- Establish the US Drought Portal (USDP) to provide user-friendly access to historical and real-time data and products from the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) partners
- $1.4M
- Hardware: $425K
- Software: $600K
- IT Security: $75K
- NIDIS Helpdesk: $300K

## INTRODUCTION

## For FY 2008, NOAA requests $1,400,000 (total of $7,000,000 in FY08-12) in IT support to:

Establish, operate, and maintain a U.S. Drought Portal (USDP)

For FY 2008, NOAA requests $400,000 (total of $2,000,000 in FY08-12) in non-IT:

Install, operate, and maintain @ at cost of $400K/year soil moisture and temperature sensors at each of the 114 U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) stations operational across the 48 contiguous states. 

- Establish, operate, and maintain a U.S. Drought Portal (USDP)
- For FY 2008, NOAA requests $400,000 (total of $2,000,000 in FY08-12) in non-IT:
- Install, operate, and maintain @ at cost of $400K/year soil moisture and temperature sensors at each of the 114 U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) stations operational across the 48 contiguous states.

**INTRODUCTION**

## INTRODUCTION

***Fire***

***Water Supply***

***Agriculture***

**More than 7 years of Drought in the Western United States:**
-  	Current drought began in **1998-99.**
-  	Some areas have seen **record** drought conditions.

##     NIDIS: An integrated, interagency national drought monitoring and forecasting system that provides:

- An **early warning system** for drought.
- Drought impact and causation** education.**
- Resources for drought **mitigation**.
- An interactive, web-based **drought portal**.
- Improved **observational** capabilities.

***Existing Drought Product:***
***NIDIS will Provide Major Improvements****** ***

- INTRODUCTION

**Notes:**
Source:  U.S. Integrated Earth Observation System:   National Integrated Drought Information System Integration Framework

The importance of a drought early warning system:
• Allows for early drought detection
• Allows for proactive (mitigation) and reactive (emergency) responses
• “triggers” actions within a drought plan
• Provides for impacts on policy/management decisions

Bottom line – provides information for decision support

## Economic Basis for Drought monitoring and response:
Annual drought losses to the US are $6-8 billion (FEMA)
Agribusiness:  
In 1999, drought led to farm income losses of $1.35 billion (62% in the Northeast U.S.)
The costliest U.S. drought occurred in 1988 resulting in $56 billion in economic losses and 5,000 heat-related deaths.
Fire:  
In 2000, prolonged drought in the  Western U.S. caused severe fires resulting in $2 billion in damages and 7 million acres burned.

Source:  NOAA Economic Statistics

**Annual drought losses to the US are $6-8 billion (FEMA)**
**Agribusiness:****  **
- In 1999, drought led to farm income losses of **$1.35 billion** (62% in the Northeast U.S.)
- The costliest U.S. drought occurred in 1988 resulting in **$56 billion** in economic losses and **5,000 heat-related deaths**.
**Fire:  **
- In 2000, prolonged drought in the  Western U.S. caused severe fires resulting in **$2 billion** in damages and **7 million acres burned.**
_***Source***_**:  *****NOAA Economic Statistics***

*An effective drought portal as planned in NIDIS would result in mitigation of these economic and human losses through better preparation and planning for drought as well as education on drought impacts and why they occur.*

- BASIS FOR INVESTMENT

## BASIS FOR INVESTMENT

**Gaps in Observations**
**Drought severity **can be significantly under-estimated or over-estimated due to** inadequate **drought observations.
- Poor estimation affects the Nation’s ability to **Plan, Predict, Mitigate, and Respond.**

***Example Map Analysis Differences Due to Late Station Reporting****** ***

**Notes:**
annual direct losses to the US due to drought were at $6-8 billion annual direct losses to the US due to drought were at $6-8 billion 

## Western Governor’s Association
1996: Recommendation for national preparation for and response to drought. 
2000:  Creation of National Drought Policy Commission.
2003:  Partnership with NOAA to improve drought monitoring and forecasting.
2004:  Formal document published recommending NIDIS.

**1996**: Recommendation for national preparation for and response to drought.
**2000:**  Creation of National Drought Policy Commission.
**2003:**  Partnership with NOAA to improve drought monitoring and forecasting.
**2004:**  Formal document published recommending NIDIS.

**U.S. Congress**
- The 109th Congress introduced a bill (H.R. 1386/S. 802) to improve national drought preparedness, mitigation, and response efforts, etc.
**Subcommittee on Disaster Reduction (President’s National Science and Technology Council)**
- Highlighted drought as one of the grand challenges for disaster reduction in 2005.
- Proposed actions calls for developing an implementation plan for NIDIS.
**U.S. Integrated Earth Observing System**
- NIDIS is one of six near term opportunities identified by U.S. GEO.

- BASIS FOR INVESTMENT

## BASIS FOR INVESTMENT

- US Drought Portal (USDP) Goals
- Support the ability to graph relevant data and products spatially and temporally, and interactively compose maps
- Allow users to arrange and save selected products for a specific geographic area for easy return visits
- Support links to specific support systems

## BASIS FOR INVESTMENT

- USDP will:
- Provide user-friendly, internet navigation for national to county levels
- Populate with historical and real-time drought data and products from a variety of partners
- Support easy to understand interpretations of relevant drought products

## BASIS FOR INVESTMENT

- USDP product examples:
- Observe elements at multiple time and spatial scales, both station and gridded data sets: precipitation, snow pack, stream flows, reservoir levels, ground water, crop moisture, soil moisture, temperature, anomalies, and drought impacts
- Derive products and indexes: US Drought Monitor, Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Objective Blends, Surface Water Supply Index (SWSI), Vegetation Drought Response Index (VegDRI), Keetch-Bryam Fire Index

## BASIS FOR INVESTMENT

- USDP Products:
- Forecast products: Water supply, stream flow, climate, snow pack, US drought outlook

## BASIS FOR INVESTMENT

- USDP Information Technology in FY 2008
- Hardware and software to establish and mature the portal capability and capacity
- Maximize use of existing and emerging software products and techniques in applied service oriented architecture environment
- Seamless and convenient access between existing websites
- Common look and flow of data, information, and products via the USDP

## BASIS FOR INVESTMENT

**U.S. Drought Portal**

***Soil Moisture Sensors ***

***Drought Portal Concept***

**Bridge gap to user communities consistent with U.S. GEO strategy with seamless and timely access to integrated Drought observations.**

**Install reference quality soil moisture sensors at all 114 U.S. Climate Reference Network stations across the contiguous 48 states.**

**Internet Portal to provide a drought early warning system from U.S. county to national scale.**

**A critical observation for understanding the state of drought throughout the country.**

***Climate Reference Network***

**BASIS FOR INVESTMENT**

**Notes:**

Drought Portal Concept:
Internet portal to provide a drought early warning system from U.S. county to national scale 
Portal will provide seamless and timely access to Integrated Drought observations

Soil Moisture:
Number of soil moisture observation sites is not sufficient.   This is one of the most critical observations for understanding the state of drought throughout the country. 

Description of Improvement
install reference quality soil moisture and temperature sensors at each of the 114 US Climate Reference Network stations across the contiguous 48 states during the period FY 08-12, inclusive. 

##     NIDIS Operations Office

- Coordination between NOAA’s **NESDIS** and **OAR** line offices and **Climate** and **Weather and Water** Goals.
- Provide **cross-agency observing** system optimization.
- Ensure **agreements** with both Federal and other partners.
- Coordinate drought **education.**
- Track NIDIS progress in achieving **milestones.**
- Enable team **communication** and provide **outreach** to user communities to improve NIDIS and refresh requirements.

***NIDIS Business Process Requirements for USGEO (http://usgeo.gov/)***

- Physical Science & Socioeconomic Research

**Observe**

- Monitor and Predict

- Analyze

**Inform**

- Risk Reduction Research

- Make Decisions & Take Action

- Plan

- Educate

**PROJECT MANAGEMENT**

## PROJECT MANAGEMENT

- Full acquisition project in the capital planning and investment control (CPIC) process.
- Work breakdown structure (WBS) for managing and tracking performance, utilizing Microsoft Project 2000 and Excel tools.
- Performance-based management, using EVMS, applied to ongoing development projects to ensure rigorous management controls to:
- Direct systems and component developers, control costs, meet deadlines, and ensure successful project execution and completion.
- Provide the basis for holding the Agency, project managers, and contractors accountable through development of enhancements and applications.
- Project management of IT a subset of Program Office function.
- Quarterly (e.g. EVM) reports on NIDIS (including IT investment) will be given  to Assistant Administrators for the Office of Atmospheric Research (OAR) and the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)

**PROJECT MANAGEMENT**

## PROJECT MANAGEMENT

**PROJECT MANAGEMENT**

## RISK MANAGEMENT

| IT Risk | Description | Strategies for Mitigation  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Strategic (Level of Risk: High)
 | Failure to get community agreement among NIDIS partners (all Federal, State agencies) | Initial project planning workshops will be conducted to ensure partnership ownership/buy-in is achieved early on in project |
| Organizational Change Management  (Level of Risk: Medium)  | Integrated observations and data management system as proposed by NIDIS  is a challenge, especially across agencies | NOAA senior management and the oversight bodies put in place (councils, Goals, etc) will ensure NIDIS is  achieved |
| Data/ Information (Level of Risk: Medium) | Uniqueness of data/information across agencies results in inability to develop data management functional capabilities and interoperability | Develop scalable architecture and infrastructure plans to upgrade NOAA facilities in conjunction with GEO IDE initiative. Use market driven technologies |
| Technical Obsolescence (Level of Risk:  Medium) | Incompatibility of architectural elements among existing data management systems due to age of legacy systems | Manage the coordination among different organizations' planned architectural changes |
| Security (Level of Risk: Basic) 
 | Unauthorized users may corrupt the data, algorithms and processes throughout NOAA’s data management systems.  (These are all critical NOAA assets that support the fundamental mission of the agency.) | (1) Develop Security implementation plan in early stages of project,  (2) Identify and position appropriate security barriers (firewalls, Owl devices, etc.) (3) Development of an backup infrastructure |
| Privacy (Level of Risk: Basic) | Unauthorized person(s) could access systems and uncover personal data | No personal data stored in system.  Conduct Periodic system-wide review for any added requirements |
| Data/Info   (Level of Risk: Basic)  | Data Loss potential as well as lack of cross-system integration | Plan for extensive back-ups; IT information under NESDIS control |

## IT SECURITY

- System ID: NOAA5009
- National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) Local Area Network, Asheville, NC
- Security Plan Date: April 3, 2006
- C&A Date: June 8, 2006

## Interoperability among existing Federal drought system observation networks will be assured, particularly between NESDIS and OAR line offices.

Certification and Accreditation (C&A) documentation suites will interface with existing frameworks, OMB policy and NIST guidance.

Data systems will meet all security requirements, both individually and collectively.
Security Testing Integration/System Testing with each increment added to Operations.
IT Security will be a critical priority for interoperability, based on existing NCDC LAN Security Plan.

Confidentiality, integrity and availability of information, including management, operational and technical controls.

Contingency Plans will leverage NOAA’s data processing backup capabilities.

Documentation will be based on NOAA’s Continuity of Operations (COOP) and Business Recovery Plans (BRP).

**Certification and Accreditation (C&A)** documentation suites will interface with existing frameworks, OMB policy and NIST guidance.
- Data systems will meet all **security** requirements, both individually and collectively.
- Security Testing Integration/System Testing with each **increment** added to Operations.
- IT Security will be a critical priority for interoperability, based on existing NCDC LAN **Security Plan.**
- Confidentiality, integrity and availability of information, including **management**, **operational** and **technical** controls.
- Contingency Plans will leverage NOAA’s data processing **backup** capabilities.
**Documentation** will be based on NOAA’s Continuity of Operations (COOP) and Business Recovery Plans (BRP).

- IT SECURITY

##      
Convergence/Integration with DOC and Government-wide systems 
Portal to provide seamless access among many existing web sites
Portal to provide a common look and flow of data, information, and products.
Web development completed in close coordination with the NOAA Web Committee.

Reuse of Existing Assets
Employs application software & previously developed government software, including GOES-based Climate Reference Network for communications.
Integration of existing NOAA education web components on what data is used in specific products.
Design will maximize use of commodity software & hardware.
A partial list of candidate Federal and State websites to be integrated via drought portal: 
National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC), Applied Climate Information Systems (ACIS),
National Water Information System (NWIS), Joint Agricultural Weather Facility (JAWF), 
National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), Climate Prediction Center (CPC), 
National Water and Climate Center (NWCC), NWS – Hydrology

Usage of Standards
Design will be based on government standards used by the NOAA Observing System Architecture (NOSA) and GEO-IDE. 

**Convergence/Integration **with DOC and Government-wide systems** **
- Portal to provide seamless access among many existing web sites
- Portal to provide a common look and flow of data, information, and products.
- Web development completed in close coordination with the NOAA Web Committee.
**Reuse** of Existing Assets
- Employs application software & previously developed government software, including GOES-based Climate Reference Network for communications.
- Integration of existing NOAA education web components on what data is used in specific products.
- Design will maximize use of commodity software & hardware.
- A partial list of candidate Federal and State websites to be integrated via drought portal:
- National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC), Applied Climate Information Systems (ACIS),
- National Water Information System (NWIS), Joint Agricultural Weather Facility (JAWF),
- National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), Climate Prediction Center (CPC),
- National Water and Climate Center (NWCC), NWS – Hydrology
- Usage of** Standards**
- Design will be based on government standards used by the NOAA Observing System Architecture (NOSA) and GEO-IDE.

- ARCHITECTURAL COMPLIANCE

**Notes:**
NOAA Web Committee POC is Allison Soussi-Tanani.  (301) 713-9040 ext.186. 
Network connectivity solution will be questioned.

## U.S. Global Earth Observation (USGEO) System of Systems (NOAA, NASA, OSTP chairs)

Integrated Surface Observing System (ISOS/IOS):  Commitment to national/international reporting and partnership obligations; leveraging opportunities.

President’s Management Agenda by expanding e-Government via a U.S. Drought Portal

DoC’s Strategic Goal 3: “Observe and Manage the Earth’s Environment to Promote Sustainable Growth”  

Enhance Conservation of the Natural Environment   
Improve Understanding and Prediction of the Natural Environment

NOAA Climate and Weather and Water Goals

**Integrated Surface Observing System (ISOS/IOS):**  Commitment to national/international reporting and partnership obligations; leveraging opportunities.
**President’s Management Agenda** by expanding e-Government via a U.S. Drought Portal
**DoC’s Strategic Goal 3**: “Observe and Manage the Earth’s Environment to Promote Sustainable Growth”
- Enhance Conservation of the Natural Environment
- Improve Understanding and Prediction of the Natural Environment
- NOAA **Climate** and **Weather and Water** Goals

- ADMINISTRATION/DEPARTMENTAL GOALS AND INITIATIVES