# Presentation: 740395

## Air Emission Benefits of CHP Air Innovations ConferenceAugust 10, 2004

**Joel Bluestein**
*Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc.*
*Prepared under contract for EPA*

## Combined Heat and Power

- Combined Heat and Power is the generation of electricity and heat sequentially from the same heat input
- CHP is a proven strategy for increasing the efficiency for electric and thermal generation
- 77 GW of existing CHP in U.S.
- approximately 10% of total U.S. electric generation
- Advantages
- CHP is more efficient than separate generation of electricity and heat
- CHP can replace older, high emitting emission sources that would otherwise not be upgraded or retired
- CHP is applicable to all fuels and prime mover technologies

## Typical CHP Systems

_**Gas Turbine or Engine/Heat Recovery Unit:**_

_**Steam Boiler/Steam Turbine**_**:**

**Notes:**
But there are lots of other things you can do - waste heat, recycling energy, ethylene

## Efficiency Advantages of CHP 

## Environmental Benefits of CHP

## CHP Emission Comparisons

**Notes:**
First compare all technologies on CHP basis
How much power is GCC
Title - CHP Emission Comparison

## Prime Mover NOx Emissions

- Data Sources: EEA, U.S. EPA, DOE

## NOx Emissions Based on Total CHP Output

- Data Sources: EEA, U.S. EPA, DOE

## Example Opportunities for CHP

- Hospitals, universities, prisons, other “campus” facilities
- Medium size industries with thermal loads
- Casinos, resorts, hotels, nursing homes.
- Wastewater treatment plants, biomass facilities
- District energy facilities

## Case Study: Hotel/Casino

- 6 x 0.8 MW reciprocating gas engine with advanced emission controls
- 0.28 g/bhp-hr (0.89 lb/MWh) NOx and CO
- Provides electricity and hot water
- 34% reduction in energy consumption
- 45 tons/yr NOx reduction (79 percent)
- 51 tons/yr SO2 reduction (100 percent)
- 17,370 tons CO2 reduction (52 percent)

**Notes:**
Verify that this is permit NOx rate

## Case Study: Refinery

- Gas combined cycle in Houston non-attainment area
- 546 MW, 3.1 MM lb steam capacity
- 40% reduction in energy consumption
- 6,240 tons/yr NOx reduction (96 percent)
- 6,050 tons/yr SO2 reduction (100 percent)
- 2.1 MM tons/yr CO2 reduction (52 percent)

## EPA CHP Partnership

- Established in 2001.
- To assist deployment of environmentally beneficial CHP projects.
- To provide services and tools for states and industry to assist project development and market transformation.
- Accomplishments to date:  2,000 MW of  CHP capacity (20+ projects).

## EPA CHP Partnership Services to States

- Assist with market assessments, education, outreach, technical information.
- Developed a handbook on permitting of CHP on an output basis:
*Output-Based Regulation: A Handbook for Regulators*
- Available for download at www.epa.gov/cleanenergy

## State and Local EPA CHP Partners

- Wisconsin Division of Energy
- Minnesota State Energy Office
- San Diego Regional Energy Office
- Ohio Office Energy Efficiency
- Illinois Department of Commerce

- NYSERDA
- Indiana Department of Commerce
- Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
- Iowa Department of Natural Resources
- City of Chicago
- Delaware

## Current Example State Actions

- NYSERDA, San Diego REO, NJ BPU  pursuing CHP incentive programs.
- WI - Looking at replacing cyclone boilers and promoting biomass CHP.
- IL EPA  and IA DNR focusing on CHP in ethanol plants.
- TX - Established permitting on output basis.

## For Further Information

- Contact:
- Combined Heat and Power Partnership
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Luis Troche
- Team Leader
- troche.luis@epa.gov
- ph: (202) 343-9442
- fax: (202) 343-2208

## Appendix – Additional Information on CHP

*Sectors, Fuels, Technology, Costs,Emissions *

## CHP is Well Demonstrated

**CHP is Well Demonstrated**

*Source:  EEA*

**77,100 MW at 2,719 sites in 2003**
**Average capacity is 28 MW**

**Industrial sites represent  ~90%of existing CHP**

## CHP Fuel Distribution

*Source:  EEA*

**CHP Fuel Distribution**

**Natural Gas**
**68%**

**Coal**
**15%**

**Oil**
**2%**

**Wood/**
**Biomass**
**3%**

**Waste**
**11%**

**Other**
**2%**

## Typical CHP Technology Options

**Reciprocating Engine**

**Gas Turbine**

**Fuel Cell**

**Microturbine**

**Steam Turbine**

## Technology vs Size Coverage

**Technology vs Size Coverage**

## How do the Technologies Compare?

**How do the Technologies Compare?**

## CHP Replacing On-Site Boiler Emissions

- Data Sources: EEA, U.S. EPA, DOE