# Presentation: 258089

## ....Airplanes As a Network....

***Air Force Space Command***
***May 16, 2005***
***Ralph Yost***
***Research Division, ATO-P***
***William J. Hughes FAA Technical Center***

***...******.Airplanes As a Network....***
***Information Connectivity in Aviation***

## Slide 2

## Main Topics for Today

**Describe Airborne Internet and the Collaborative Information Environment**
**Describe the Tech Center A.I. program**
**Other government interests in A.I.**
**Describe the Industry efforts on A.I.**

##   A concept that overlays network theory and principles into the transportation realm

-   A concept that overlays network theory and principles into the transportation realm

***...***_***Information CONNECTIVITY***_*** ....A scalable, general purpose, multi-application data channel for people in transit****** ***

***A.I. brings ***_***Network Enabled Operations***_*** to the aircraft***

## A.I. Extended Definitionand Basic Principles

**Network capability for all classes of aircraft: transport, biz jet, GA, helicopter**
**Based upon open standards**
**Utilize the same commercial technologies that the Internet is based on**
**Connectivity at all altitudes, oceanic, Gulf of Mexico, potential world wide**
**Must be reliable, available, persistent**

## Airborne Internet Value Proposition 

**A general purpose, multi-application data channel represents the opportunity to:**

**Bring *****real *****information sharing to the aircraft**
**Consolidate flight deck functions to reduce equipage**
**in the aircraft (aircraft owner **_***saves money***_**)**
**On the ground (FAA **_***saves money***_**)**
**Create a NEW revenue stream for aircraft operators that does not exist today (operators **_***make money***_**)**

## A Possible Solution?

***Network Aircraft as we do Computers***

***Graphic courtesy of CNS Inc.***

**(A.I. Heritage Concept...application based)**

## Airborne Internet

- Satcom

**ATC Controller **

**GPS**

**Navigation **

_**Airport Services**__*** ***_
** ****TIS**
** ****FIS**
** ****Hospitality**
** ****Maint.**

_*Internet*_* *
-  Weather Products
-  NOTAMs
-  Flight Service Stations
-  Other

**Gateway **

**Original graphic courtesy of Computer Networks & Software, Inc.**

**VHF Radio**

**VHF Radio**

**VHF Radio**

**Line of **
**sight**

_**NAS Services**_
** ****ATM System **
** ****HUB Airports**
** ****TIS-B**

***Non-CIE ***
***Aircraft***

**DATABASE**
**CONNECTIVITY**

-  XM
-  RFID
-  AM/FM
-  802.xx

**Airborne Internet**

**VPN**

**Collaborative Information Environment**
**“****Meet us in the cloud”**

## Airborne Internet & NGATS

**Airborne Internet is mentioned in the NGATS (Security Operations, 4.1):**
**“****Law enforcement and other agencies responsible for the nation’s security must have access to a **_**common integrated operating picture**_** via secure data link, air-to-ground communication systems, and **_***airborne internet***_**.”**
**Recognized as a potential to enhance information connectivity to the aircraft and to FAMS/LEOs**
**However, FAMS are only *****ONE***** application that Airborne Internet enables**

## JPDO National Plan Objective:  
“Enable services [on demand] tailored to traveler and shipper needs” and “Reduce costs of air transportation”  

*“**Enable services [on demand] tailored to traveler and shipper needs” and “Reduce costs of air transportation”  *

## Airborne Internet and Network Enabled Operations

**A.I. brings TCP/IP connectivity to the aircraft, **_***enabling***_** Shared Situational Awareness.**
**Currently do not have system-wide network connectivity**
** **_***between aircraft***_** and/or **
**between **_***aircraft and the ground***_**.**
**Extend network-enabled operations beyond security to include air traffic control.**
**Simply add applications to the network as needed**.

## Web Services Middleware

*Information Access Sequence*

- Weather X

- Weather Y

- Airport
- Directory

- NOTAM

- Web Services
- Middleware

- Disparate Data Formats and Wire Protocols

- Common Information Model and Protocol

**Airborne Internet is the enabler (ie *****infrastructure)***

## Functional Picture of the Collaborative Information Environment

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
|  |  |  |

**Functional Picture of the Collaborative Information Environment**

- Safety

- O/S, Products & solutions

## Aviation Information of the Future

**Aviation Information of the Future**

**CIE is the path to real time information connectivity**

## Result of the Traditional Method of Deploying New Systems in Aviation

**How did it come to this?**

## Result of the Traditional Method of Deploying New Systems in Aviation

**How did it come to this?**

** ****Analog radio technology at the time**
** ****Did not have today’s digital transfer technology**
** ****Did not have secure mobile routing technology**
** ****Did not have “multi-function displays”**
** ****Did not have data warehouses and broadband**
*** ******Did not have a general purpose, multi-application ***_***data channel....Airborne Internet.***_

## Cockpit of Today

**Eclipse 500 interior from www.eclipseaviation.com**

## INFORMATION CONNECTIVITY! at ALL altitudes, at ALL times

** ****Reliability and Availability are design goals**
** ****Includes backup provision for data connectivity**
**- Coverage: Ground up, all altitudes**
**- Includes Gulf of Mexico, Oceanic, entire continental U.S., world wide potential**

## Government Interest and Activity in Airborne Internet

**FAA Technical Center A.I. Research Lab**
**DoD/Military (Air Force Communications Agency, Scott AFB)**

## FAA Tech CenterAirborne Internet Research LabA.I. Program

**Focal point for A.I. research & development**
**Converging A.I. interests of various parties**
**FAA, NASA, Industry, DoD, TSA, DHS, A.I. Consortia**
**3. Collaborate: DoD, TSA, NASA, AI Consortia, Industry**
**4. Pool resources for the common good**
**5. Demonstrate A.I. to stake holders**
**6. Develop A.I. to be Link Independent, Reliable, Available, **_***all classes of aircraft***_

## What is Link Independent ?

- Application Link
-  Analyzer
- (ALA)

- Various methods to maintain network connectivity

- User
- Application #1

- User
- Application #2

- User
- Application #3

- User
- Application #4

- User
- Application #5

## Airborne Internet Lab Alliances

**Federal Government**

**Airborne Internet Lab**
**Development & Flight Test**
**Capability**
**FAA Technical Center**
**Atlantic City NJ**

**Federal Air Marshals**

**Dept of Homeland Security**

**NASA**

_**Corporate Collaborations**_
**PMEI**
**Aerosat**
**SBIR**

_**Academic Collaborations**_
**Rowan**
**Stevens Inst**
**ERAU**
**Ohio U**

***Airborne Internet Lab Alliances***

**International**
**Community**

## FAA Tech CenterSBIR: Develop Airborne Internet/Collaborative Information Environment Services

***Develop prototype Airborne Internet Web services (XML) to ***_***share information***_*** about and relative to Airport/Facility Directory, restricted airspace.***
**Create a Web service based on weather data**
**Create a Web service that contains Airport/Facility Directory information.**
**Create a “restricted airspace” Web service**

- (SSA 1.1*  Knowledge flows real-time and freely via both push and pull processes to relevant NGATS communities of interest for informed decision making)*

## FAA Tech CenterAirborne Internet Research Lab

** ****Integration to TC NAS labs:**
**	****ATC, CNS, Simulations, Security**
** ****Six T.C. Aircraft for flight tests**
**	****(7****th**** next year)**
** ****Application research & development**
**SWIM****, CPDLC, etc.**
**Information Sharing**
**Surveillance Augmentation**
**XML aviation services**
**VoIP, “packet” voice**
**FAMs: video, voice**
**Black Box real time data**
**Weather (****sensors****/apps)**
**EFB**
**InfoSec**
**Data Compression**
**IP Version 6**

## FAA System Wide Information Management System (SWIM)

**Flight Service **

**Station Systems**

**Tower**

**Systems**

**Terminal**

**Systems**

**En Route **

**Systems**

**Oceanic **

**Systems**

**TFM**

**Systems**

**AOC Traffic Flow Mgr **

**Flight Service**

**Specialists**

**En**

**-**

**Route and Oceanic**

**Controllers**

**Tower and Terminal**

**Controllers**

**Fire**

**-**

**Wall**

**NAS Air Traffic Services with System-to-System Coordination**

**-**

**Traffic **

**Flow**

**Specialists**

**Airline Operations**

**Center Systems**

**Standard**

**Data**

**Common**

**Geographical**

**Reference**

**Common**

**Geographical**

**Reference**

**4D flight profile**

**negotiation**

**General Aviation **

- SWIM

***Airborne Internet/***
***Collaborative Information Environment***

**Standard**

**Data**

**XML Web Services**
**IP Network**

**FAA System Wide Information Management System (SWIM)**

## FAA Tech CenterAirborne Internet Research Lab 

***Two Different Approaches to A.I.***
**AeroSat – non-satellite, air transport backbone, *****includes GA & ship***
***- High bandwidth, very low cost connectivity***
**PMEI – VHF, multi-mode aviation radio, includes ADS-B, ICAO SARPs compliant, *****includes GA & ship***
***- Medium bandwidth, CNS avionics consolidation***

## AeroSat Airborne Internet DemonstrationBroadband communications over 1000 times as fast as standard 64K satellite service, operating at a small fraction of the cost.

**Range: 300 Miles at 30,000 ft**

**45 Mbps**

**45 Mbps**

**Applications**

***AeroSat Airborne Internet Demonstration***Broadband communications over 1000 times as fast as standard 64K satellite service, operating at a small fraction of the cost.

- Operations and Maintenance:
- 	Engine Monitoring
- 	Crew Communications
- 	Fault Reporting
- 	Diversion Management
- Cabin Services:
- Internet Access
- Programming Distribution

- Air Traffic Management:
- System Capacity (separation)
- Hazardous Weather Avoidance
- Collaborative Decision Making
- Position reporting
- Safety & Security:
- Transportation Security
- Real Time Black Box Transmission
- 	Telemedicine

## Aerosat Airborne Internet Concept

***Aerosat Airborne Internet Concept***

## AeroSat - Airborne InternetNorth Atlantic Flights

**Tues morning, 10:00 am, flights to N. America**
**– ****All aircraft with flight plans**

## AeroSat - Airborne InternetNorth Atlantic Flights

**Tues morning, 10:00 am,  300 mile range ring **
**– ****All aircraft with flight plans**

## Initial Airborne Internet  - PMEI

**Radios are based on ICAO standards**
**Developed with a world-wide concept of operations in mind**
**VHF, Multi-mode capable**
**Peer-to-peer connectivity**
**TCP/IP capable, includes ADS-B**
**Usable by all aircraft, low cost**

## Initial Airborne Internet  - PMEI

***Graphic courtesy of CNS Inc.***

## PMEI VHF Airborne Internet Radios

**PMEI Aircraft radios**

**OTE Ground Radio**
**(software by PMEI)**

## PMEI Multi-protocol radio (v5)

**Supports COTS TCP/IP communication *****(Identical external interfaces with prior VDL product line)***
**Built-in GPS engine**
**Built-in TDMA RF network synchronization access and ADS-B services **
**DSB/AM voice operations (optioned)**
**Optioned multi-channel (4 receive and 1 real-time dynamically assignable transmitter)**
**Ethernet connectivity to airhost CPU**

## FAA Tech CenterAirborne Internet Research Lab and the Air Force AFCA

**Interagency Agreement signed Feb 2005**
**Draft Implementation Plan now in progress**
**Working with AFCA-Technology Directorate on A.I. development**
**T.C. will do A.I. related work for AFCA**
**On going dialogue and working relationship**
**Introduced AFCA to the AIC**

## Air Force and Airborne Internet

**Yost brief to DoD/Pentagon Aviation Rep. Carl McCullough on April 20, 2004**
**Air Force committed to airborne IP network**
**Investing in Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) Wideband Networking Waveform (WNW)**
**Air Force War Fighting Integration (AF/XI) championing work through C4ISR Flight Plan**
**Governance through Airborne Networking (AN) Caucus (XO, XI, and AQ), AN General Officer Steering Council, and AN Senior Steering Group/Special Interest Group (SSG/SIG)**

## AFCA and Airborne Internet

**AFCA is on AN SSG/SIG and designated Network Centric Airborne Communications (NCAC) Lead Command by AF/XI**
**AFCA Technology Directorate is evaluating and integrating commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components for AN use;  building an AN test bed in the Technology and Interoperability Facility (Scott AFB)**
**AN test bed is part of the Air Force Center for Domain Integration initiative and will also work with the FAA Tech Center Airborne Internet project via Interagency Agreement**

## INDUSTRY EFFORTS IN A.I.

***The Airborne Internet Consortium***

**Industry sponsored consortium to advance A.I./CIE:**
**Develop **_**open**_** standards, GS&Cs**
**Industry funded, Gov’t can contribute**
**Developed an A.I. Work Plan ($30 Million)**
**Public-private collaboration - 501(c)3**
**United Airlines, Sun Microsystems, Aerosat, PMEI, CNS Inc., Mulkerin, Microflight, Boeing-ATM, Airbus**
**Interest from: ITT, Northrop Grumman,, NASA, FAA, ARINC, SITA, VA SATSLAB, Ohio Univ., and others**

**http://www.AirborneInternet.org**

## AIC and Government Partnership

**AIC and Government Partnership**

**Partnership**

**Federal**

- Airborne
- Internet
- Consortium

**Strategic Council**

**Management Council**

**Flight Test**
**Capabilities**

**PMEI**
**Aerosat**
**CNS**
**Airlines**
**Avionics**
**Etc.**

- FAA
- AI Lab-Tech Ctr

**Tech **
**Team #1**

**Tech**
**Team #X**

- NASA-GRC

- Others

**Systems Engineer Team**

- Workplan

**http://www.AirborneInternet.org**

## Network In the Sky

***Ralph Yost***
***Research & Technology Division***
***William J Hughes Technical Center***
***Atlantic City Airport, NJ 08405***
***(609) 485-5637***
***Ralph.Yost@faa.gov***
***http://www.AirborneInternet.com***
***http://www.airborneinternet.net***

***Network In the Sky***
***Every aircraft is a network node***

- BACKUP SLIDES:
- 1. XML Web Services

## Information Connectivity:

**Integrated Partners**

**Better Product; Faster Delivery**

**Agile Business Process**

**Employees Connected to Customer**

-  Why not aircraft, crew, maintenance, operations, security?
-  Air Traffic Management?
-  Why not Federal Air Marshals?
-  Command Center, Military, Homeland Security functions?
-  A.I./CIE enables the development of an information sharing environment

**Notes:**
Key Message: 
Companies that don’t adopt Web Services risk being excluded in the new digital economy
Slide Build: extensive automatic build
Slide Script:
As XML web services become the standard way of finding and doing business, it will become a requirement for businesses who wish to “show up” in the digital economy.
Ultimately its as if a company decided “we don’t really need a telephone system –and in fact, we don’t even need to LIST our company in the phone book –customers will be able to find us on their own if they really want to”
This is not a Microsoft imperative –XML Web Services are becoming the industry standard and the question businesses must ask are twofold:
How do I make sure my companies services are accessible integrated  and take advantage of  XML Web Services
What are the new opportunities my company can pursue by OFFERING our own web services to customers and business partners?

Transition: So let’s briefly drill down on Web Services from a high level but to at least provide a common understanding behind the computing model and why its important

Slide Transition: Strips Right-Down

## Aviation Information of the Future

**...****..and eventually, pilots (information users) will be able to extract data using **_***VOICE....on the Airborne Internet/CIE***_**.**
- Voice Extensible Markup Language (VoiceXML) allows a user to interact with the network through voice-recognition technology by using a voice browser
- W3C (the WWW Consortium) is currently writing version 2.0 of VoiceXML standard
- Editors are from PipeBeach, Nuance Communications, Speechworks International, Lucent, Motorola, IBM, and Tellme Networks

## XML Web Services

***XML Web Services***

**Industry standards for interoperability**

- Enable disparate systems to work together
- Across languages, platforms, applications
- Computer to computer
- Inside/outside the firewall
- Based on open, internet standards
- XML, SOAP, WSDL, UDDI
- Broad industry support
- Key area of vendor alignment

## XML Web Services:Next wave of Information Evolution

**Browse ****the Web**

**Program****the Internet**

*Technology*

*XML Web**Services*

*XML*

- Databaseconnectivity

*HTML*

*Web pages*

- Presentation“Legacy scrape”

*Email, FTP, etc.*

*TCP/IP*

*Innovation*

**CIE**

- Connectivity

**(Collaborative**
**Information**
**Environment)**

**Notes:**
Web services are really a further evolution of the internet. 

Initially the Web was about getting pure connectivity between remote computers and with that came development standards like TCP/IP and FTP. Basic applications like email and file transfer were also supported. The next wave focused on using the Web as a presentation medium. With that we get the development of Web pages and browsers which can render images and text in a more rich format
With XML we move this even further and now we can have a programming environment where not only can I have 2 applications working across the Web but I can present the converged experience onto any device.
We are very close to thinking of the Web as a programming platform....something Microsoft understands all too well and will not miss the opportunity to lead here.

Looking at the paradigm shifts in computing, we started with main frames in the 70’s. Disruptive technologies enabled radical leaps forward in capability.

70’s – move to distributed computing using client/server technology to achieve broader reach
80’s –internet gave still broader reach and the Web browser provided a common user experience
90’s – beginnings of a common infrastructure as the internet matured and major software companies emerged.  But application integration was far too costly & brittle to scale.
2000 – Web services deliver a promise of a common data format (XML), a means to move the data over intranet & internet (SOAP), and a way applications can discover (UDDI) and describe (WSDL) the service. Web services can leverage existing investments and make implementation economically practical.