# Presentation: 649726

## International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory

- The IDS-NF

**K. Long, 16 March, 2008**

## Contents

- Motivation
- Bringing the ISS to a conclusion
- The International Design Study of the Neutrino Factory
- Conclusion

## Motivation: neutrinos oscillate

## Fundamental breakthrough?

- Neutrino oscillations indicate Standard Model (SM) is incomplete, but, is this a fundamental breakthrough?
- Can accommodate neutrino oscillations in SM:

**Motivation**

## Fundamental questions

- Origin of mass:
- And why is neutrino mass is so small
- Why is there no antimatter:
- And can leptonic CP violation make a decisive contribution
- Did neutrinos play a role in:
- Inflation?
- Galaxy formation?
- Unification of matter and force:
- Do the differences between the quark and lepton properties hold the key?

**Motivation**

## Theoretical speculations

- Grand-unified (vertical) symmetry
- Relate quarks and leptons
- Family (horizontal) symmetry
- Relate fermions across generations
- Supersymmetry:
- Heavy Majorana neutrinos
- See-saw mechanism
- Light neutrinos
- Large neutrino mixing angles

**Motivation**

## The experimentalists’ contribution

- Search for leptonic CP violation
- Determine mass hierarchy
- Measure mixing parameters with a precision sufficient to guide theoretical speculation
- Or, better, determine structure of theory
- Standard Model itself established in this way
- Seek to:
- Determine neutrino-mixing parameters with a precision approaching that of the quark-mixing parameters
- Ultimate theory must unify quarks and leptons

**Motivation**

## Quark-lepton relationship – example

- Quark-lepton relationship – example

**ISS 2006**

**Motivation**

## Define:

Precision evaluated assuming:

- Precision evaluated assuming:

- Quark-lepton relationship – example

**Motivation**

## Timescale

- Emerging consensus:
- A programme of high statistics, high precision, measurements of neutrino oscillations is required to follow T2K and NOvA;
- The decision point is likely to be around 2012:
- Explicit in the C.E.R.N. Strategy Group statement;
- Endorsed by EPP2010
- Not quite a consensus on what will constitute the programme:
- Opportunity:
- Make Neutrino Factory an option on this timescale

**Motivation**

## Slide 11

## Timescale:

- Are we slipping?
- ISS conceived as a step on the way:
- A one-year programme to lay the foundation for a more in-depth design study to follow ...
- The IDS-NF:
- Goal: to produce a ‘Reference Design Report’ for the Neutrino Factory by 2012:
- The RDR is conceived as the document that will allow the ‘decision makers’ to consider initiating the Neutrino Factory project
- The IDS-NF, therefore, differs from the ISS in that the emphasis will increasingly be placed on the engineering in order to:
- Demonstrate the technical feasibility of the various systems; and
- Evaluate the cost of the facility at the 30—50% level

**Motivation**

## Bringing the ISS to a conclusion

- Seeking to publish:
- Physics report in Rep. Prog. Phys.
- Accelerator and Detector reports in NIM A
- Executive summary:
- 10-pager: written by PJD; with ISS Programme Committee for comments

## The ISS:
Made the case for the high-sensitivity programme of neutrino-oscillation measurement
Demonstrated the need to evaluate the performance of cost of the various facilities, and the Neutrino Factory in particular, on the timescale of 2012
Demonstrated need for combined approach, optimising accelerator and detector together
Developed an internationally agreed baseline for the Neutrino Factory accelerator complex
Developed an internationally agreed baseline for the Neutrino Factory neutrino-detection systems
This is the launch point for the IDS-NF

- Made the case for the high-sensitivity programme of neutrino-oscillation measurement
- Demonstrated the need to evaluate the performance of cost of the various facilities, and the Neutrino Factory in particular, on the timescale of 2012
- Demonstrated need for combined approach, optimising accelerator and detector together
- Developed an internationally agreed baseline for the Neutrino Factory accelerator complex
- Developed an internationally agreed baseline for the Neutrino Factory neutrino-detection systems
- This is the launch point for the IDS-NF

- ISS outcomes

**Concluding****the ISS**

## The IDS-NF

- WWW page for communication:
- _[http://www.hep.ph.ic.ac.uk/ids/](http://www.hep.ph.ic.ac.uk/ids/)_
- Meetings to date:
- CERN: 29–31Mar07: initial ISS → IDS-NF transition meeting
- RAL: 16–17Jan08: Plenary meeting #1 ...
- FNAL: 10–12Jun08: Plenary meeting #2

## IDS-NF plenary #1: achievements:

- Agreed first version of the IDS-NF baseline:
- See http://www.hep.ph.ic.ac.uk/ids/docs/IDS-NF-Baseline-2007-1.0R3-Final.pdf
- Also, agreed work planfor period to NuFact08, Valencia, 30Jun—05Jul
- See (for example)http://www.cap.bnl.gov/mumu/project/IDS/workplan.html
- IDS-NF starting(albeit a little slowly)

**The IDS-NF**

## Accelerator baseline

**The IDS-NF**

## Accelerator baseline

## Detector baseline

- Two baselines:
- 3000 – 5000 km
- 7000 – 8000 km
- Magnetised Iron Neutrino Detector (MIND) at each location
- Magnetised Emulsion Cloud Chamber at intermediate baseline for tau detection

**The IDS-NF**

## Detector baseline

**The IDS-NF**

## Performance of baselineNeutrino Factory

**The IDS-NF**

## IDS-NF: the next steps:Accelerator working group

- Proton driver:
- Lattice design and simulation for proton driver
- Description of the facility
- Target:
- Analysis of MERIT data:
- To determine maximum length of bunch train
- Start on consideration of target infrastructure
- Front end:
- Review impact of interaction of magnetic field and accelerating gradient with a view to reviewing layout;
- Revise baseline cooling-channel design if required
- Acceleration:
- Definition of lattice for normal and superconducting linac, RLAs
- Tracking through portions of lattice to determine output distributions
- Definition of lattice for non-scaling FFAG
- Tracking to study output distortion and to analyse emittance growth
- Storage ring:
- Study of transfer lines and tracking in idealised lattice to study emittance growth, losses, and fluxes

**The ****IDS-NF**

**S.Berg**

- http://www.cap.bnl.gov/mumu/project/IDS/workplan.html

## IDS-NF: the next steps:Detector working group

- Work towards full simulation/reconstruction of MIND:
- Goals:
- For *E*ν < 10 GeV demonstrate:
- Backgrounds below 10-3
- Efficiency can be increased with respect to present analysis
- Determine:
- Signal and background efficiencies as a function of energy
- Energy resolution as a function of energy
- Begin optimisation:
- Identify key parameters
- Initial study of pattern recognition for muon identification
- Include full set of physics processes:
- Quasi-elastic, resonance production

**The ****IDS-NF**

## Beam Diagnostics and Near Detector aims

- Beam diagnostics (needed for flux measurement)
- Number of muon decays
- Measurement of divergence
- Measurement of Muon polarization
- Near detector measurements needed for neutrino oscillation systematics:
- Flux control for the long baseline search.
- Measurement of charm background
- Cross-section measurements: DIS, QES, RES scattering
- Other near detector neutrino physics (electroweak and QCD):
- sin2W - sin2W ~ 0.0001
- Unpolarised Parton Distribution Functions, nuclear effects
- Polarised Parton Distribution Functions – polarised target
- Lambda () polarisation
- S from *xF*3 - S~0.003                                                   _
- Charm production: |*V**cd*| and |*V**cs*|, CP violation from *D*0/ *D*0 mixing
- Beyond SM searches
- ...

## Near Detector Conclusions

- Near Detector considerations: optimisation design
- Vertex detector: Choice of Pixels; eg. Hybrid pixels, Monolithic Active Pixels (MAPS), DEPFET; or silicon strips
- Tracker: scintillating fibres, gaseous trackers (TPC, Drift chambers, ...)
- Other sub-detectors: PID, muon ID, calorimeter, ...
- Tasks:
- Simulation of near detector and optimisation of layout: could benefit from common software framework for Far Detector
- Flux determination with inverse muon decays, etc.
- Analysis of charm using near detector
- Determination of systematic error from near/far extrapolation
- Expectation of cross-section measurements
- Test beam activities to validate technology (eg. vertex detectors)
- Construction of beam diagnostic prototypes
- Other physics studies: PDFs, etc. (engage with theory community for interesting measurements)

## IDS-NF: the next steps:Physics & Performance Eval. Grp.

- IDS baseline:
- Recompute performance plots for new baseline
- Figures for other parameters (such as θ23)
- Specific physics questions concerning the IDS baseline setup:
- Review physics case for the silver channel
- Physics case for a higher muon energy (such as from NSI)
- Detector mass/useful muon decay splitting between shorter and longer baseline?
- Useful muon decay splitting between neutrinos/antineutrinos?
- Simultaneous two-baseline optimization for the IDS-NF baseline setup
- What is the reason for the worse CPV sensitivity for large θ13 compared to earlier setups?
- Detailed study of systematics

**The ****IDS-NF**

**A.Donini, P.Huber, S.Pascoli, W.Winter**

## Conclusions

- Closing out the ISS:
- Publish the reports and the Executive Summary
- The IDS-NF has started:
- The ISS baseline has been adopted by the IDS-NF
- First steps along the work plan have been defined
- There is a lot to do:
- Carry out the first steps
- Make it possible for others to join the effort
- Lay the foundations for the crucial engineering work

**FNAL: 10–12Jun08: Plenary meeting #2**