# Presentation: 671418

## Archived Information

**Demand for Elementary and Secondary Teachers****(Public and private K-12, with alternative projections: 1982 to 2007)**

**Archived Information**

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## Difficulty in Filling Teaching Vacancies(Percent of schools with teaching vacancies, by field, and percent who found them difficult to fill)

**Difficulty in Filling Teaching Vacancies****(Percent of schools with teaching vacancies, by field, and ****percent who found them difficult to fill)**

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## Average annual earnings in the previous year (1991)

**Average annual earnings in the previous year (1991)**

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## Job Satisfaction of Current and Former Teachers

**Job Satisfaction of Current and Former Teachers**
**(Percentage of respondents who were somewhat or very satisfied)**

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## Qualifications of Newly Hired Public School Teachers, 1993-1994(Type of state license in main assignment field)

**1****Newly hired teachers **include all those hired by schools in 1993-94, excluding those who moved or transferred from one school to another.
**A substandard license** is an emergency, temporary, provisional, or alternative license issued to someone who has not met the requirements for a standard license.
**A probationary license** is a license issued to a new teacher who has met all requirements and is completing an initial probationary period.
***Source: *****Schools and Staffing Surveys, 1990-91 and 1993-94, *****Public School Teacher Questionnaires.***** **Tabulations conducted by the National Commission on Teaching & America’s Future. **1****Newly hired teachers **include all those hired by schools in 1993-94, excluding those who moved or transferred from one school to another.
**A substandard license** is an emergency, temporary, provisional, or alternative license issued to someone who has not met the requirements for a standard license.
**A probationary license** is a license issued to a new teacher who has met all requirements and is completing an initial probationary period.
***Source: *****Schools and Staffing Surveys, 1990-91 and 1993-94, *****Public School Teacher Questionnaires.***** **Tabulations conducted by the National Commission on Teaching & America’s Future.

**Qualifications of Newly Hired Public School Teachers, 1993-1994****(Type of state license in main assignment field)**

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## Slipshod Recruitment

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- Some districts do not hire the best-qualified  applicants for
- teaching positions because their own 	procedures keep them from doing so.  Critical problems include:
-    cumbersome screening processes that create bottlenecks;
-    unprofessional treatment of applicants;
-    hiring decisions delayed until the school year starts;
-    teacher assignment and transfer policies;
-    obstacles to teacher mobility, i.e., salary caps for veteran teachers;
-    lack of licensing reciprocity among states; and
-    the inability to transfer pension benefits from state to state.

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## Trends in Out-of-Field Teaching(Percent of public high school teachers in each fieldwithout a major or minor in that field)

**Trends in Out-of-Field Teaching****(Percent of public high school teachers in each field****without a major or minor in that field)**

- Source:  Schools and staffing surveys, 1987-88, 1990-91, and 1993-94. Teacher questionnaire. Tabulations by R. Ingersoll for the National Commission on
-          Teaching & America’s Future.

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## Cumulative Effects of Teacher Effectiveness

**Cumulative Effects of Teacher Effectiveness**
**Student test scores (5th grade math) by effectiveness level **
**of teachers over a three-year period, for two metropolitan school systems**

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## Influence of Teacher Qualifications on Student AchievementProportions of Explained Variance in Math Test Score Gains (from Grades 3 to 5) Due To:

**Home and Family Factors:**
**   ** parent education, income, language background, race & location.
**Teacher Qualifications:**
** **licensing, examination scores, experience.
**Class Size**
*Developed from data presented in* Ronald F. Ferguson, “Paying for public education: New evidence of how and why money matters,” *Harvard Journal on Legislation, 28 * (Summer 1991), pp. 465-498.

**Influence of Teacher Qualifications on Student Achievement****Proportions of Explained Variance in Math Test Score Gains ****(from Grades 3 to 5) Due To:**

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## Qualifications of Secondary School Mathematics and       Science Teachers, by school racial composition

- Source:* *Jeannie Oakes, *Multiplying Inequalities: The Effects of Race, Social Class, and Tracing on Opportunities to*
-                                  *Learn Mathematics and Science. * Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 1990, p. 61.

**Qualifications of Secondary School Mathematics and ****      Science Teachers, by school racial composition**

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## Qualifications of High School Teachers: % of teachers without at least a minor in the field they teach, by school poverty level

*Source: *U.S. Department of Education, *Schools and Staffing Survey, School and Teacher Questionnaires, 1990-91.* Published in* Teacher *
*        **Supply, Teacher Qualifications, and Teacher Turnover, 1990-91.* Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, 1995,  p. 26.

**Qualifications of High School Teachers:**** ****% of teachers without at least a minor in the field they teach, ****by school poverty level**

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## AVERAGE RETENTION RATESFOR DIFFERENT PATHWAYS INTO TEACHING

***Estimated cost per 3rd year teacher.**
- Estimates based on costs of teacher preparation, recruitment, induction, and replacement due to attrition.

**AVERAGE RETENTION RATES****FOR DIFFERENT PATHWAYS INTO TEACHING**

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