# Presentation: 313063

## Cosmology and 

- Cosmology and
- Particle Physics

-  Standard Model: Inflation+Dark Sector
-  Evidence: CMB,LSSSN,clusters,BBN,...
-  This graph is out ofdate!

## Questions Remain

- Particle Physics

-  What is the dark matter? Where is    it?
-  Does dark energy exist? What is it?
-  Is inflation really responsible for structure in the     universe? What is the physics behind inflation?
-   Are there extra dimensions? How do they affect cosmology?
-    Can string theory solve the singularity problem?

## Where is the

- Cosmology and
- Particle Physics

- Dark Matter?

-  Weak lensing    probes matter    distribution
-   Example of “theorists do   data”

## Where it is will tell us what it is

- Cosmology and
- Particle Physics

- CDM

- HDM

## How can we study Dark Energy?

- Cosmology and
- Particle Physics

- Clusters

- Supernovae

-      Mass Distribution

## Sloan Digital

- Sky Survey

-  5 Year project to map a million galaxies with      2.5m telescope in New Mexico
-  Collaboration of: Fermilab, Chicago, Princeton,    John Hopkins, Washington, IAS,      New Mexico State, USNO, JPG
-  Mixture of Public/Private funding, total about      $80 million
-  Does “a factor of 10 better” in almost everything     (e.g. 100,000 QSO’s; 100,000,000 galaxies      with angular positions; well-measured       ellipticities of galaxies; ...)

## Sloan Digital

- Sky Survey

- Two Surveys in One

- Photometric

- Spectroscopic

-  5 colors for     objects
-  Down to    22-23 mag
-  Photo-z’s for    galaxies very    accurate

-  640 spectra   per plate
-  Expect 106     galaxies
-  105 QSOs

## Sloan Digital

- Sky Survey

- Status to Date

- ~10% Complete; 5% of data recently released

## Sloan Digital

- Sky Survey

-  Correlation function of
-  galaxies depends on
-  galaxy type

- Early Spectro Results

## Sloan Digital

- Sky Survey

- Early Photometric Results

-  Can invert the 2D projection
-  to get 3D power spectrum
-  Compares favorably with  previous results
-  Best fit model in accord with  Dark energy hypothesis
-  Evolution of power (fainter  bins have lower power)

## Sloan Digital

- Sky Survey

- Early Photometric Results

-  Background galaxies are   lensed by foreground   galaxies
-  Galaxies ***are*** associated  with mass overdensities
-  Mass extends to very  large distances

- Sloan Digital
- Sky Survey

- Fermilab’s Role

**        ****Skills**
-  Software Management
-  Data Processing      (databases, releases)
-  Calibration      (filter design, error budget,...)
-  Pipeline Development      (target selection)
-  Data Acquisition     (interface to instruments, offline proc.
-  Analysis    (star/galaxy separation, ellipticities,...)

## The Projects*

- _SNAP_ (Supernova Acceleration Probe)
-    proposed satellite mission to measure several thousand
-    Type Ia SNe out to redshift z~1.7 to probe Dark Energy
- _LSST_ (Large-aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope)
-    proposed ground-based telescope to carry out multiple
-    survey missions, including probing Dark Matter & Dark Energy
-    via Weak Lensing, high-z SNe, and Near Earth Objects
- FNAL has also been recently approached by other groups proposing
- NASA MIDEX missions: GEST, Cosmological Explorer, ...
- (*each of these has approached FNAL  in re participation)

- The Future

-   2-meter telescope with 1 sq-deg optical imager (roughly
-   1-Gigapixel CCD camera), plus small near -IR imager,
-   and 3-channel spectrograph.
- _Nominal Survey parameters:_
-   Image 20 square degrees of the sky in several passbands,
-   going about 10 times fainter and 8000 times wider than the
-   current deepest image of the sky (the Hubble Deep Field, which
-   contained one SN Ia at z~1.4)

- The Future

- SNAP

## The Future

- SNAP will detect thousands of
-  high redshift SN. Probe
-  properties of the dark energy
-  with unprecedented accuracy.
- Also test for systematics.

## LSST

- _Hardware:_
-   6-8 meter telescope with a wide-field (3 deg) imager
-   (~1 giga-pixel CCD camera), at an excellent site
-   (presumably Chile or Hawaii).
- _Nominal Survey parameters_:
-  • all-sky survey to ~24th magnitude (~27 co-added)
-  • deeper survey of 1000 sq. deg. aimed at Weak Lensing

- The Future

## The Future

- Combine deep LSST weak  lensing survey with the MAP CMB Experiment to improveparameter determination:neutrino mass, inflation spectrum, equation of state for dark energy