# Presentation: 939911

## Dr. Ashok Patil                   (703) 704 -1998

**ARMY POWER / COOLING**

***Dr. Ashok Patil                   (******703) 704 -1998***

**MIRCO / NANOTECHNOLOGY**
** ****FOR**
** ****MILITARY APPLICATIONS**

## POWER is often an AFTERTHOUGHT

***POWER ******is often an****** AFTERTHOUGHT***

## 
Provides critical power for Future Force C4SIR Equipment
Provides seamless energy availability for both MOBILE and SOLDIER Applications
Develop, Demo & Transition Power Sources, Battery Chargers & Pwr Mgmt:
Higher Energy
Lighter Weight
Quieter
Fuel & Cost Efficient

**Provides critical power for Future Force C4SIR Equipment**
**Provides seamless energy availability for both *****MOBILE***** and *****SOLDIER***** Applications**
**Develop, Demo & Transition Power Sources, Battery Chargers & Pwr Mgmt:**
**Higher Energy**
**Lighter Weight**
**Quieter**
**Fuel & Cost Efficient**

***FUTURE FORCE ***
***POWER R&D Program***

## Current Battlefield Power Issues

**MOBILE**

**SOLDIER**

_**Tactical Operation Center**_

_**SBCT I**_
**133 Generators ( MTOE )**
**Too Large, Too Noisy, Not Fuel Efficient**
**Redundant Generators **
**(40% - 50% Excess Power)**
**No Smart Power Distribution**

_**Forward Area Environment**_

_**SBCT I**_
**~1,200 gals fuel/day fuel to theater; costs vary ($13 - $133/gal)**

**68 TONS of generators! **

**$45K-$465K ****(72 hrs)**
**12 TONS Fuel!**

**Disposable batteries are costly**
**Available energy NOT fully utilized**
**No Recharge capability**
**Too many battery types**

_**Brigade**_
**$300K for 72 hrs**
**7 TONS of batteries****!**

## Future Force Power

**Future Force Power**
** ****R&D Program**

_**Soldier Products**_

_**GOALS (FY05-08):**__** **_
**  ****Reduce energy consumption & increase carried energy density**
**  ****Reduce logistics footprint for power**
**  ****Fill “power gap” between batteries and diesel generators**

_**Mobile Products**__** **_

## Soldier Products

**Soldier Products**

_**Stand-alone Manportable Field Chargers**_
**Quiet Power 200-500W; Stirling & Fuel Cell Technologies**
**Less than 10 kgs, logistics fueled**

_**Power Management Software & Methodologies **_
**Demonstrate 75% power savings**

_**Soldier Hybrid Power Sources**_
** “****Mission Extender” for 72 hr Mission**
**1.5 lbs dry weight, 600 Whrs/kg**

## Mobile Products

**Mobile Products**

_**Quiet Logistics Fueled 1-2kw Power Sources**_
**Less than 69 dBA**
**Develop Stirling Engines and Fuel Cells **
**Develop component technologies for using logistics fuel**

_**Co-generation Power-Cooling Systems**_
**Develop component technologies for tactical heat-driven cooling systems**
**Integrate with 5kW Power Source **
**50% less fuel consumption**

## COGENERATION POWER & COOLING

**Engine**

**Generator**

**ECU**

**HAC**

**Fuel Cell**

**Reformer**

**Diesel Fuel**

**Waste Heat**

**Cooling**

**Power**

***CONVENTIONAL POWER & COOLING***
***System Efficiency = 25%***

***CONGENERATION POWER & COOLING***
***System Efficiency = 60-70%***

**Waste Heat**

**Cooling**

**Power**

**Diesel Fuel**

**COGENERATION POWER & COOLING**

## COGENERATION POWER & COOLING

**Supporting Information**

***Today***

**40 kW**

**Fuel**

**Efficiency = 25%**

**5 kW Electricity**

**3.75 kW Electricity**

**7.5 kW Cooling**

**10 kW Diesel Generator**

**Vapor Compression Air Conditioner**

**COP=2**

**16.2 kW**

**Fuel**

**Efficiency = 75%**

**5 kW Electricity**

**4 kW Heat**

**7.5 kW Cooling**

**Heat Actuated Heat Pump**

**COP=.67**

***Tomorrow with Heat Actuated Cooler and Fuel Cell***

**Efficiency = 40%**

**Reformer**

**Fuel Cell**

**7.3 kW Heat**

**fuel reduction **
**> 50%**

## Heat Actuated Cooling

**Microwick Absorber**
**(310 μm channels)**

## Heat Actuated Cooling

_**Commercial Design **_
**Cooling load: 5,000 Watt @ 120°F ambient temperature**
**Size:  28 ft****3**
**Weight: 595 lbs.**

_**Microtechnology Design **_
**Cooling load: 5,000 Watt @ 120°F ambient temperature**
**Size:  10 ft****3**
**Weight: 290 lbs.**

## Microclimate Cooling

_**Current Design **_
**Cooling load: 350 Watt @ 120°F ambient temperature**
**Weight: > 20 lbs (9 kg)**
**Powered: Batteries (300 lbs for 72 hr mission)**

_**Microtechnology Design **_
**Cooling load: 350 Watt @ 120°F ambient temperature**
**Weight: < 7.0 lbs (3.2 kg)**
**Powered: Fuel (5 lbs for 72 hr mission)**

## Fuel Cell Electrodes

**Fuel Cell Electrodes**

_**Nanomaterials As Electrocatalyst Support**__** **_
**  ****Reduced precious metal loading **
**  ****Lower System Costs**
**  ****Increased Surface Area**
**  ****Increased Current Generation**

## Fuel Reformer Design

**Fuel Reformer Design**

_**Microchannel Reactors offer:**_
**  ****Enhanced Heat Transfer**
**  ****Enhanced Mass Transfer**
**  ****Economics of Mass Production**
**  ****High Surface Area to Volume Ratio**
**  ****Low pressure Drop Through Channels**

## Diesel Fuel Reformer

_**InnovaTek Initial Design**__** **_
**1 kWe Steam Reformer**
**Channel Dimension ****≈**** 10,000 ****μ****m**
**Flow Rate (GHSV) ≈ 15,000/hr**
**Weight ≈13 kg**
**Volume ≈ 2.3 L**

_**InnovaTek Gen2 **_
**2.0 kWe Steam Reformer**
**Channel Dimension ≈ 750 μm**
**Flow Rate (GHSV) ≈ 100,000/hr**
**Weight ≈ 5.5 kg**
**Volume ≈ 1.9 L**

## paves the way

***paves the way***
***to the***

**NANOTECHNOLOGY**

**FUTURE SOLDIER**

## Business Opportunties

**Business Opportunties**

_**FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY**_
** ****Broad Agency Announcement: W909MY-05-R-0004**

**Listed under Contracting Officer, Patricia Davis on the Army Single Face to Industry Interactive Business Opportunities Page ****(**_[https://abop.monmouth.army.mil/](https://abop.monmouth.army.mil/)__)._

_**COOLING TECHNOLOGY**_
**Broad Agency Announcement: W909MY-04-R-0025**