# Presentation: 153387

## Emerging techniques for broadcasting future GNSS services

- Dr Sally Basker, Trinity House
- CGSIC September 2005
- Version 1.0

- Dr Sally BaskerRadionavigation Strategy DirectorTrinity House, Tower Hill, London, EC3N 4DH, UKT:  +44 20 7481 6947, M:  +44 77 7033 4609F:  +44 20 7480 7662, E:  sally.basker@thls.org

- Version 1.0

- 13 September 2005

## Contents

- The General Lighthouse Authorities
- Future User Requirements
- The Changing Environment
- e-Navigation
- Delivering Benefits
- The Way Forward

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**Notes:**
Past:
Consultant, independence and objectivity => ERNP study manager

Today:
Radionavigation Strategy Director of Trinity House
one of the three general lighthouse authorities of UK and Ireland

NEW SLIDE

## The General Lighthouse Authorities of the United Kingdom and Ireland

- The three GLAs have the Statutory Responsibility for the provision of marine Aids to Navigation (AtoN) around the British Isles
- The Corporation of Trinity House (founded in 1514) is responsible for England, Wales, the Channel Islands and adjacent waters
- The Northern Lighthouse Board (founded in 1786) is responsible for Scotland and the Isle of Man
- The Commissioners of Irish Lights (founded in 1867) is responsible for Ireland)
- GLA responsibilities also include superintendence and management of AtoNs provided by third parties
- The three GLAs are funded by Light Dues paid by shipping that are paid into a central General Lighthouse Fund
- The GLF is administered by the UK Department of Transport
- The Light Dues have decreased significantly in real-terms during the last decade as a result of a drive to be more cost-effective

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## Future minimum maritime requirements for general navigation – IMO Resolution A.915(22), 29 November 2001

- A.915(22) also contains requirements for
- manoeuvring and traffic management
- search & rescue, hydrography, oceanography, marine engineering, construction and AtoN management
- port operations, casualty analysis and offshore exploration and exploitation
- fisheries, recreation and leisure

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## New GNSS systems, signals and services are just part of significant change that is expected during the next 20 years 

- Expected change
- new operations including high-speed and larger vessels and new traffic patterns
- new technology (radionavigation services, integrated bridge systems & ECDIS)
- the changing environment including coastal infrastructure and climate
- the evolving user-base with a wide range of competencies
- the changing business environment
- The GLA’s emphasis is on delivering a cost-effective AtoN mix to support e-Navigation with due regard to safety and risk
- This will support delivering a radionavigation dividend - cost-savings that result from the introduction of radionavigation services and their take-up by users
- We need to manage expected change to allow AtoN service providers and users to plan their long-term investments

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## Leading maritime nations are coming together to promote e-Navigation as the response in order to make safe navigation easier and cheaper

- e-Navigation
- the transmission, manipulation and display of navigational information in electronic formats to support port-to-port operations
- Motivation
- safety, security, cost-effectiveness
- Key components
- electronic navigation charts
- positioning - combined use satellite and terrestrial radionavigation services
- vessel information - route, bearing, manoeuvring parameters and other status items
- communication - ship to shore, shore to ship and ship to ship
- Integrated displays - on board ship and ashore
- Information prioritisation and alert capability

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**Notes:**
Earlier this year
leading maritime nations met together in London to discuss e-Navigation
effectively integrated communications, navigation and surveillance with electronic charts to support port-to-port operations

Why do we need e-Navigation?
to minimise navigational errors, incidents and accidents
to protect people, the maritime environment and resources
to improve security
to reduce costs for shipping and coastal states
to deliver benefits to the commercial shipping industry

We have a current window of opportunity
ensure that the future is operationally-driven rather than technologically-driven
manage the development

## The future e-Navigation environment will rely heavily on GNSS for both its navigation and surveillance functions

| Phase | Technology |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Navigation | Surveillance |
| Port/harbour inc. docking | DGNSS, RTK GNSS
Loran-C | VTS – GNSS with VHF (inc AIS) |
| Coastal | Radiobeacon DGNSS
SBAS
Racons
AIS as an AtoN
Loran-C | Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) – GNSS with VHF
Radar |
| Oceanic | GNSS
SBAS
Loran-C in some areas | Long Range Identification & Tracking – GNSS integrated with satcomms |

**Given potential single points of failure, there are important availability/safety issues to be investigated**

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## GNSS is vulnerable and a physical AtoN backbone will always be needed to provide a reversionary capability but mariners may not maintain the skills to access physical AtoNs

- There is an ongoing drive for AtoN service providers to deliver higher levels of safety to support new, more demanding operations while becoming increasingly cost-effective
- The future e-Navigation environment will rely heavily on GNSS for both its navigation and surveillance functions
- GNSS is vulnerable and a physical AtoN backbone will always be needed to provide a reversionary capability
- At the same time, the continued and increasing reliance on GNSS means that mariners are likely to lose traditional skills that allow them to use physical AtoNs
- Consequently, in the future, reverting directly from GNSS to physical AtoNs may not be as safe as it is today

**In the future, reverting directly from GNSS to physical AtoNs may not be as safe as it is today and Loran will allow e-Navigation operations to be maintained when GNSS services are lost **

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## The hypothesis: a progressive reversionary process from GNSS to Loran to physical AtoNs is more cost-effective and safer than a similar reversionary process from GNSS to physical AtoNs 

**Illustrative**

**Important future cost drivers are likely to include fuel and manpower for the provision of physical AtoNs**

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## The Way Ahead for the GLAs

- The GLAs will continue to assess how best to integrate radionavigation services into the AtoN mix
- to ensure that technology development is driven operationally by user requirements
- to plan actively for significant change in the radionavigation domain (new systems, signals and services)
- to manage the long-term investment process for the GLAs and users
- In parallel the GLAs will continue to work with colleagues in international fora to pursue and ensure global interoperability and harmonisation

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## 	Dr Sally Basker

	Radionavigation Strategy Director
	Trinity House, Tower Hill, London, EC3N 4DH, UK
	T: +44-20-7481-6947, M: +44-77-7703-4609, F: +44-20-7480-7662
	E: sally.basker@thls.org

**	****Radionavigation Strategy Director**
**	****Trinity House, Tower Hill, London, EC3N 4DH, UK**
**	****T: +44-20-7481-6947, M: +44-77-7703-4609, F: +44-20-7480-7662**
**	****E: sally.basker@thls.org**

- The General Lighthouse Authorities of the United Kingdom and Ireland

- Version 1.0

- 13 September 2005