# Presentation: 720955

## The Future

**MIT **

**Heavy Ion Collisions in 1989**

**The Future**

## Heavy Ion Collisions in 1989

**NA35 Streamer chamber picture of S+Ag collision**

## The Future is bright...

**The Future is bright...**

## The Present

**The Present**

**What we know**
**Dense, ‘coherent’ initial state**
**Early thermalization**
**Highly interactive ‘liquid’ medium**
**Opaque to fast partons**
**Simple, but subtle ‘scaling rules’:**
**Quark number scaling of v****2, ****+spectra**
**Statistical particle ratios**
**Energy independence of v****2****(p****T****)**
**<N****part****> scaling of multiplicity**
**Limiting fragmentation**
**Universality of <N****ch****>**

**What we want to learn**
**How is thermalization achieved?**
**What is the initial temperature?**
**What is the nature of the medium?**
**What is the location and nature of the phase transition?**
**Origin of scaling rules?**

## Where we’ve been

## Where we’re going

**AGS**

**SPS**

**RHIC**

**Luminosity**

**Species**

## Where we’re going

**AGS**

**SPS**

**RHIC**

**LHC**

**FAIR@GSI**

**RHIC II**

**NA49’**

**Luminosity**

**Species**

## Low Energy Frontier: 2006 - ?

**NA49’**

**NA60**

**Possible SPS running 2006?**

## FAIR@GSI: 2012-beyond

## Compressed Baryonic Matter

## Critical Fluctuations

- Stephanov hep-ph/0402115

## Location of Phase Transition?

**Is this the phase transition?**
**maybe, maybe not...**
**But: No other candidate between AGS and RHIC!**
**No model even close to data**
**Confirmation?**

**NA49**
**Agnes Richard**

## RHIC Status and Future

## From RHIC towards RHIC II

**Properties of the Medium**

**Excitation function**

**6-D jet tomography**
**Heavy Quark suppression**
**Charm elliptic flow **
**Thermal QGP photons**
**J/psi, upsilon**
**Low mass di-leptons**
** ********-Jet correlations**
**  **

**vs Energy**
**vs Systemsize**

**RHIC**

**RHIC II**

**‘****04**

**‘****14**

## From RHIC towards RHIC II

**RHIC baseline program**
**   ****Au-Au ~ 1 nb****-1 ****at 200 GeV**
**   ****Species scan at 200 GeV**
**   ****Au-Au energy scan**
**   ****Polarized protons ******** 150 nb****-1**
**Completion of **
**   ****BRAHMS & PHOBOS**

**Studies of dense nuclear matter **
**with rare probes:   jet tomography, open flavor,  **
**        ****J/********, ********’, ********c, ********(1s), ********(2s), ********(3s)**
**Polarized protons at 500 GeV**
**p-A physics**

**From RHIC towards RHIC II**

**from Axel Drees**

## Medium term: 2008 and beyond

## New Comprehensive Detector for RHIC II ?

**Specs:**
**High field**
**Fast DAQ**
**Fast Detectors**
**Triggers**
**Si-vertexing**
**High p****T ****PID**
**Calorimetry  **

- c.f. R.Bellwied, J.Harris, P.Steinberg, N. Smirnov,
- B.Surrow, T.Ullrich, J.Vavra, H.Wieman, C.Woody

## From Direct to Thermal Photons

**?**

**Can we see beyond the hadronic veil?**

**Saskia Mioduszewski**

## High Energy Frontier: LHC

## Different B field: 0.5T, 2T, 4T
Different emphasis on hermeticity
Different emphasis on particle ID
Different DAQ capabilities
Different detector technologies

- Different B field: 0.5T, 2T, 4T
- Different emphasis on hermeticity
- Different emphasis on particle ID
- Different DAQ capabilities
- Different detector technologies

****

**LHC Detector Capabilities**

## Kinematics at the LHC

- J/

- Z0

****

**Access to widest range of Q****2**** and x**

## Heavy Ion Physics at the LHC

- Medium modification at high pT
- Copious production of high pT particles
- Different “melting” for  members of ********* *** family
- Large cross section for ***J/psi*** and ******* ***family production
- Detailed studies of medium effects on jets
- Jets shape and fragmentation modified by the medium
- Jet tomography
- Dijet/monojet ratio
- Jet-
- Jet-Z0
- Multi jets

- J/psi

**from Bolek Wyslouch**

## Bulk Matter at LHC?

**Sharon Millstein, Numerologist and Psychic Counselor:**

**“****Friends Can Advise You,**
**Numerology Directs You!”**

## I. Spectrum of Produced Hadrons at LHC

**c.f. Hagedorn, Becattini, Braun-Munzinger, Cleymans, Heinz, Letessier, **
**Mekijan, Rafelski, Redlich, Sollfrank,Stachel, Tounsi + many others**

**I.**** Spectrum of Produced Hadrons at LHC**

## I. Spectrum of Produced Hadrons at LHC

******B**** drops with collision energy**

**T****ch**** approaches limiting value**

**Calculations: Redlich et al, Becattini et al, Braun-Munzinger et al, Rafelski et al**

**LHC**

**LHC**

## II. Particle Density at LHC

**II.**** Particle Density at LHC**

**Models prior to RHIC**

## II. Particle Density at LHC

**Detectors **
**planned for **
**dN/dy > 5000!**

- Armesto, Salgado, Wiedemann hep-ph/0407018

**Models prior to RHIC**

## Limiting Fragmentation

**Limiting Fragmentation**

**PHOBOS**** PRL 91, 052303 (2003).  **

******‘****= ******** - y****Beam**

**view in restframe **
**of nucleus**

## Limiting Fragmentation and LHC

**Limiting Fragmentation and LHC**

## Limiting Fragmentation and LHC

**Limiting Fragmentation and LHC**

**Saturation model**

**log. extrapolation**

## Limiting Fragmentation in p+p

**Limiting Fragmentation in p+p**

## Landau Hydrodynamics

## III. Elliptic Flow at LHC

## III. Elliptic Flow at LHC

**RHIC**
**Hydro-limit**

## IV. Factorization of Energy/Centrality Dependence

***1-************ errors***

**dN/d******** / <N****part****/2> changes with sqrt(s), <N****part****>**
**Energy and Centrality Dependence Factorize**

**PHOBOS nucl-ex/0405027**

**PHOBOS nucl-ex/0405027**

## IV. Factorization of Energy/Centrality Dependence

***1-************ errors***

**dN/d******** / <N****part****/2> changes with sqrt(s), <N****part****>**
**Energy and Centrality Dependence Factorize**

**PHOBOS nucl-ex/0405027**

- Armesto, Salgado, Wiedemann hep-ph/0407018

## IV. Factorization of Energy/Centrality Dependence

**IV.**** Factorization of Energy/Centrality Dependence**

**62.4 GeV**
**200 GeV**

## IV. Factorization of Energy/Centrality Dependence

**Yield/participant changes by less than 25% for all p****T**
**Factorization of energy and centrality dependence**

**62.4 GeV**
**200 GeV**

## Other examples of factorization

**PHENIX Au+Au**

## Summary

**... ****and it’s up to you guys to make it happen**