# Presentation: 123087

- Magnetic Fusion Power Development
- for Global Warming Suppression

**Jiangang Li****1 ****(j_li@ipp.ac.cn), Jie Zhang****2****, Xuru Duan****3****1. Institute of Plasma Physics,CAS, 2. Shanghai Jiaotong University**
**3. South West Institute of Physics, CNNC**
-                                **22nd FEC, Oct.13-18, 2008, Geneva**

## Content

**Energy Needs in 21st Century **
**Revolution of Energy Sources**
**Can We make Contribution by Fusion Energy Development**
**Accelerating the Development of Fusion Energy**

## Energy Needs over the World

**16.13**
**Billion**** TCE**

**29.01 **
**Billion**** TCE**

**2005—2050****,****average annual growth rate is ****1.3%**

**Energy Needs over the World**

**IEA2005**

## Energy Needs in India

**0.77**
**Billion TCE**

**1.86**
**Billion TCE**

**IEA2005**

## Energy Needs in China

**1.68**
**Billion TCE**

**5.00(6)**
**Billion TCE**

**Energy Needs in China**

**IEA2005**

**(75% coal at moment and about 60% in 2050)**

## Global Warming Becomes More Apparent

**IEA2005**

**CO****2**** Emissions Increase with Fuel Consumption**

**Evolution from 1971 to 2004 of World **

## 	Global Warming Becomes More Apparent

**2****nd**** largest in the world **
**18%**** of the total amount**
**Below  the world average level per capita**

- 	**Global Warming Becomes More Apparent**

**IEA2005**

## 	What if Greenland Breakup and Melt Away ?

**The Sea level Today**

**If Greenland breakup and melt away**
**The sea level will rise **

**Now**

**Forecast **

**Greenland Seasonal Ice Melt in 1992**

## Revolution of Energy Sources Efforts Made in China

**Climate Change**

**Low Carbon Economy**

**Near Zero Emission**

**Energy Technology R&D**

**IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle)**

**CO****2**** capture and sequestration**

**R****educe the cost of wind and solar power generation**

**4****th**** generation nuclear power technique & fusion energy**

**Alternate fuels for transportation**

**Hydrogen energy**

**Revolution of Energy Sources** **Efforts Made in China**

## Efforts Made in China

**Roadmap for Renewable Energy Power Technology-20% in 2050**

**Wind**

**Solar**

**Biomass**

**Geothermic**

**Hydro**

**2020**

**2030**

**2050**

- Large-scale development for wind power, steady  development for biomass power

**Breakthrough for solar power, form an integrate renewable industry chain**

**Renewable energy play a leading role**

**Onshore demonstration and generalize**

**Offshore demonstration and generalize**

**Photovoltaic generation plant demonstration connected to the grid**

**Solar heat power plant demonstration connected to the grid**

**Gasification power plant demonstration and generalize**

**Combustion power plant demonstration and generalize**

**heat pump, refrigeration, power generation demonstration and generalize **

**Continuously develop**

**Efforts Made in China**

**1Mw   5Mw   8-10Mw**

**10Mw   100Mw**

**10-100Mw**

## Efforts Made in China

**Efforts Made in China**

**Promotion of 2****nd**** plus fission reactor**

**Demonstration of 3****rd**** advanced PWR**

**Promotion of 3****rd**** advanced PWR**

**Tryout depleted fuel reprocessing of PWR**

**Commercial depleted fuel reprocessing for PWR**

**Tryout depleted fuel reprocessing of fast reactor**

**Demonstration of fast reactor**

**Fast reactor module**

**4****th**** generation of commercial nuclear fast reactor**

**Commercial depleted fuel reprocessing for fast reactor**

**Demonstration of fusion reactor**

**Commercial fusion reactor**

**Nuclear**

**Commercialization of 3****rd**** generation nuclear power**

**3****rd**** generation nuclear power bulk-built & fast reactor module established**

**Fast reactor Steady developed & fusion energy breakthroughs made**

**2020**

**2030**

**2050**

## Efforts Made in China

**Efforts Made in China**

**Accounts for**** ****15%**** of total installed electric capacity**
**Replace**** 1billon ton ****of ****coal**
**F****ormation of thermal reactor - fast reactor binary** **nuclear power system**

**Accounts for**** ****8****%**** of total installed electric capacity**
**Replace**** 0.4billon ton ****of ****coal**
**Develop ****nuclear power plant**** built**** in coast****al**** area , east and central of China**

**Accounts for**** ****5%**** of total installed electric capacity**
**Replace** **0.18 billon ton**** of**** coal**
**D****evelop nuclear power plant in coast****al**** area**

**60**

**400!**

**200**

## Efforts Made in China

**Without control**

**With control**

## Can We make Contribution 

**Can We make Contribution **
**by Fusion Energy Development**

**An environmentally responsible source of almost limitless energy**
**Fusion Scientist: Making a “Sun” on Earth**

## Can Fusion Play a Role in This Century

**When?**
**2018-2038    ITER**
**2030-2050    DEMO**
**2040-2060    Proto-Type**
**2050--****	****    First Power Plant**
**2060:****	****5-7 GW power plant**
**2070:****	****35**
**2080****	****70**
**2090****	****140**
**2100****	****280 (x3=450!)**

**How?**
**5 % of total primary energy**
**Fusion power plant in 2100**
**China : 150**
**India   : 150**
**EU       : 50**
**US       : 50**
**Japan :   30**
**KOREA: 20**
**Total: 450 GW plant**

## Questions

**– ****How  long will it take? Next 50 years**
**– ****Why’s it taking so long?**
**Technical difficulties, limited financial and human resources**
**Do we really need another (moving) 50 years?**
**It took only 8 years for US land on moon in 60s!**
**–****Can we strengthen and accelerate the path to fusion power?**

## Accelerating the Development of Fusion Energy

**New era of Fusion :**
**Significant progresses have been achieved within 50 years**
**ITER, broader approach, new superconducting devices in Asia, urgent need for new generation of energy.**
**More serious consideration of DEMO**
** ****GAP analysis, Road map, FAST track...**

## GAP Analysis: 30-35 years to Demo

**   ****10 year     ****	****10 years       10 years         10 years          10 years**
**Build ITER  Run ITER        Build              Run             Build**
**+ IFMIF****	****+IFMIF        DEMO****	****       DEMO****	****     proto-type**

## Can we Speed Up Fusion Development 

**A successful  ITER project via strong international cooperation**
**Start IFMIF site decision as soon as possible**
**Start DEMO design with strong industry involvement now**
**Most important is to demonstration of electricity generation within 20 years with reduced mission**

## Expanded International Cooperation

**ITER**
**JET, JT-60U, JT-60SA**
**ASDEX-U, DIII-D, HL-2A(M),  C-Mod**
**EAST, KSTAR, Tore-Supra**
**MAST, NSTX,**
**SST-1, HT-7,**
**TCV, TEXTOR, FTU**
**LHD, W7-X**
**IFMIF(?)**
**Small tokomaks**
**Total: about 1 B $/year exclude ITER**

**ITER**
**JET-class**
**KSATR-class**
**MAST-U-class**
**LHD-class**
**IFMIF**
**Small tokomaks**
**Total: less than 1 B $/y !**

**Necessary test facilities:**  magnets, H& CD , remote handling,  heat flux..
**A CTF**

## EDEMO (within 20 years?) Electricity generation with reduced mission

**Electricity generation**
**No need real steady state**
**Burning plasma control**
**Sufficient T Breeding**
**As a CTF**
**H****2**** production**
**Testing tokamak system availability (reliability, buildability,operability and maintainability)**
**P****fusion****~200MW, t = a few hours to weeks**

**Based on existing technologies:**
**Option 1: Pure Fusion**
**A FDF-class with SC coils**
**Or:**
**A ST-type  compact device**
**Option 2: Fusion –Fission hybrid**
** ****Fusion: Q=1-3, P=30-50MW**
** ****Fission: M= 20-30, Pt = 0.3-1.5GW**
**Or:**
**ITER-type machine with different blanket: Pt =5GW, Pe=1.5GW**

## A More Bold Approach is Needed

**Why?**
**天时:****Very urgent need for new energy (especially for developing country), fusion is one of very few options and easily convinced by public.**
**地利:****ITER starts in Caderache, fusion need in Korea, Russia, especially China and India. **
**人和****: Wide cooperation in fusion lasted for 50 years and will be strengthen in future.**

## A More Bold Approach is Needed

**How?**
**A quick decision on IFMIF:**
**  ****Site, construction, operation, on schedule!**
**Early establishment of DEMO/EDEMO design groups with strong involvement from industry**
**Based on global cooperation (better not fully joint project)**
**Well organized global teams (EU,US,CN.. Could be a few DEMOs)**

## Efforts from China

***  ******ASIPP***

**Very Strong Supports from top leaders to public**
**Start a new MCF program**
**   ****ITER-CN with industry**
**   ****Domestic MCF**

**Efforts from China**

**China needs fusion more urgent and would like to be the first user of fusion energy**

## Summary

**Fusion development comes to a new era with significant progress during past 50 years.**
**It is too long to wait for another 50 year to get electricity by fusion.**
**A much more aggressive approach should be taken with even greater international collaboration towards the early use of fusion energy to meet the urgent needs for energy and global warming suppression. **