# Presentation: 793777

## Mapping of the Airspace Systems Program to the JPDO NGATS 2025 Capability Requirements

** **
**Presentation to the ARAC Airspace Systems Program Subcommittee**
**Robert A. Jacobsen, Program Manager**
**John A. Cavolowsky, Dep. Prog. Mgr for Technical Integration**
**August 4, 2005**

## Primary Purpose of the Analysis

- To understand the degree of alignment between the ASP to the NGATS Curb-to-Curb capabilities requirements.
- - This is a “bottoms up” mapping.
- To assist in realigning and reprioritizing the ASP to be more fully supportive of the JPDO.
- - This is a work in progress.

## ASP/NGATS Observations

- ASP is reviewing its activities relative to NGATS requirements.
- Much of NASA’s current and proposed research is directly relevant to the NGATS concepts even though the vocabulary may not appear so.
- The core of the ATM process in the future NGATS concept is the “evaluator concept.”
- This is a direct derivative of the Traffic Flow Management/Strategic Management activities underway and planned by ASP.
- Shared responsibility and controller human factors are key research elements.
- Not all ASP research is directly targeted to NGATS, but most of it is.
- Analysis of promising automation concepts and technology to take forward for further development and demonstration in support of NGATS/JPDO goals and objectives.
- Prototype software that can be extended for operational demonstration of transformed NAS operations.
- ASP’s TNAS program augmentation is focused on the longer term concepts of strategic ATC/ATM.

## NAS Transformation  New Ways of Operating to Meet New Needs for Air Mobility 

**NAS Transformation****  **New Ways of Operating to Meet New Needs for Air Mobility** **

## Mapping and Analysis Observations

- Many R&D activities map to many NGATS 2025 capability requirements.
- Current project portfolio is not organized to provide clearly understandable applicability to NGATS 2025.
- We have conducted several ASP mapping analyses.
- NGATS 2025 Capabilities   ***PRIMARY***
- Agile Air Traffic System IPT Action Plan
- ASP independent R&D requirements assessment
- How does this help to restructure ASP project elements?
- An alignment with a functional architecture may be a better approach.

## JPDO C2C Capabilities

**Network-Enabled Information Access**
**Performance-Based Services**
**Layered, Adaptive Security **
**Weather Assimilation into Decisions**
**Broad-Area Precision Navigation**
**Aircraft Trajectory-Based Operations**
**“****Equivalent Visual” Operations**
**Expanded Airport Operations with “Super Density”**

## Sample JPDO C2C Expanded Capabilities Net-Enabled Information Access

## Sample Detailed Mapping of ASP Projects to C2C Capabilities

## Top Level Mapping of ASP Projects to C2C Capabilities

**1.****	****Net-enabled information access**

**Space-Based Technology**
- Mobile Communications Network Architecture
- Integrated CNS Infrastructures: Aviation Spectrum; Global Ground/Air Network
- Future Communication Study: Next Generation Communications; Global Interoperability
- Satellite Based CNS: Satcom for Enroute
**Efficient Aircraft Spacing**
- Airborne Separation: Autonomous Flight Management

***C2C Capabilities******	******	******	******     Related ASP Projects & Sub-projects***

## Top Level Mapping of ASP Projects to C2C Capabilities

**2.****	****Performance-based services**

**Space-Based Technology**
- Satellite Based CNS: Oceanic CNS
**Strategic Airspace Usage**
- Collaborative Traffic Management
**Efficient Aircraft Spacing**
- Airborne Separation: Enhanced Oceanic Operations
**UAV in the NAS**

***C2C Capabilities******	******	******	******     Related ASP Projects & Sub-projects***

## Top Level Mapping of ASP Projects to C2C Capabilities

**Layered, adaptive security**
**Weather assimilated into decisions**
**Broad-area precision navigation**

**Out of ASP Scope**
**Virtual Airspace Modeling and Simulation**
- System Level Integrated Concepts: Operational Concepts; All Weather Concepts, System-wide blended Concept
**Spaced-Based Technology**
- CNS Technology: Advanced CNS Technologies

***C2C Capabilities******	******	******	******     Related ASP Projects & Sub-projects***

## Top Level Mapping of ASP Projects to C2C Capabilities

**6.****	****Aircraft trajectory-based operations**

**Virtual Airspace Modeling and Simulation**
- System Level Integrated Concepts: System Wide Optimization, Advanced Airspace Concept, Point-to-Point, Surface Operation Automation Research Concept, Terminal Area Capacity Enhancing Concept, All Weather Concept, System-wide Blended Concept
**Strategic Airspace Usage**
- Oceanic Tailored Arrivals
- System-wide Evaluation and Planning Tool
**Efficient Flight Path Management**
- Advanced Routing: Integrated Trajectory Management; Tactical Conflict Detection and Resolution
- Enroute Descent Advisor
- Multi-facility Traffic Management
**Efficient Aircraft Spacing**
- Shared Separation: Trajectory Oriented Operations with Limited Delegation

***C2C Capabilities******	******	******	******     Related ASP Projects & Sub-projects***

## Top Level Mapping of ASP Projects to C2C Capabilities

**7.****	****“Equivalent visual” operations**

**Virtual Airspace Modeling and Simulation**
- System Level Integrated Concepts: Operational Concepts; Point-to-Point Automated Airports, Surface Operation Automation Research Concept, Metron Surface concept, System-wide Blended Concept
**Satellite-Based Technologies**
- Integrated CNS Infrastructures: Transitional Architecture
**Small Aircraft Transportation System**
- Higher Volume Operations
- Lower Landing Minima
**Efficient Aircraft Spacing**
- Airborne Precision Spacing
- Autonomous Flight Management

***C2C Capabilities******	******	******	******     Related ASP Projects & Sub-projects***

## Top Level Mapping of ASP Projects to C2C Capabilities

**8.****	****Expanded airport operations with “Super Density”**

**Virtual Airspace Modeling and Simulation**
- System Level Integrated Concepts: Point-to-Point, Wake Vortex Avoidance System, Terminal Area Capacity Enhancing Concept, System-wide Blended Concept
**Strategic Airspace Usage**
- Oceanic Tailored Arrivals
**Efficient Flight Path Management**
- Enroute Descent Advisor
- Multi-facility Traffic Management
**Efficient Aircraft Spacing**
- Wake Vortex Solutions
- Shared Separation: Trajectory Oriented Operations with Limited Delegation

***C2C Capabilities******	******	******	******     Related ASP Projects & Sub-projects***

## Alignment Results:

**Areas of Good Alignment**

-   By the numbers, ASP alignment with NGATS 2025 Capabilities is strong.
-   46 of 52 ASP Projects/Sub-Projects align directly to a C2C capability
-   Most projects/sub-projects that do not align directly to a C2C capability are required to support other ASP projects that in turn directly support the C2C Capabilities.  For example:
-   VAMS VAST sub-project (ACES)
-   Human Measures and Performance
-   Difficult to determine the extent of achievement of the capability
-   Further definition of functional elements needed to evaluate

## Alignment Results:

**Potential Areas for Augmentation (examples)**

-   Net-enabled information access
-  Ground to ground information sharing
-   Performance-based services
-  Multiple levels of service
-  Allow flexibility to varying situations and needs
-  Performance-based standards for cooperative surveillance and communication
-   Broad-area precision navigation
-  Satellite-based navigation primary for en route and terminal area
-  Basis for cooperative surveillance and reduced separation standards
-  Alternatives to GPS/GNSS for primary means of precision navigation
-   Aircraft Trajectory Based Operations
-  4D trajectories for the basis for planning and execution of aircraft operations in the airspace and on the surface
-  Common 4D geo-spatial information system
-  Dynamic Airspace design
-  Determination of the appropriate incremental insertion of tomorrow’s 4D planning and evaluation into today’s system
-  Determination of responsibilities between aircraft operators and service providers
-  Mission criticality and backup requirements
-   Super Density Operations
-  Reduced runway occupancy time
-  Two aircraft on runway simultaneously

## ASP Independent R&D Requirement Assessments

- ASP needed to begin identification of JPDO NGATS requirements in advance of JPDO agendas (for agency budget planning activities).
- ASP initiated two efforts to identify R&D needs stemming from earlier forms of JPDO planning documents
- Agile ATS Action Plan
- Earliest NGATS Architecture and Block-to-Block Capabilities
***Interesting and consistent results, but not straight forward to use for program restructure.***

## Example of AATS IPT Derived Research Req’ts

**Example of AATS IPT Derived Research Req’ts**

**Area: Explore 4D traffic flow management concepts **
**Scope and Characteristics**:
-   Gate-to-gate conflict free 4D trajectories and 4D contracts including separation assurance
-   Integrated with SUA, TFR, and Homeland Security requirements

-   Determine the stability over time, of iterations of negotiated, optimal, conflict free trajectory contracts in various domains.
-   Determine how to accommodate the ability of various aircraft types and capabilities to meet 4D contracts.
-   Determine the allowable variance in meeting 4D contracts.
-   Determine how to monitor compliance with 4D contract.
-   Determine the feasibility and policy implications of guarantees of service based on meeting 4D contracts.
-   Determine the utility and role of time-based metering at all major terminal areas.
-   Determine capabilities achieved over a look ahead range of 330 days to 20 minutes
-   Determine the role for 4D trajectory management in specialized airspace (e.g., super high airspace; skyways)

## Key Categories of Research from NGATS Architecture and Block-to-Block Capabilities

- Optimizer/Evaluator Research
- CNS Research
- Human Factors Research
- Vehicles
- Security
- Airspace Structure
- SWIM
- Surface Operations
- Weather
- Flight-deck Situational Awareness
- Wake Vortex
- Affordable Avionics
- Policy

## Optimizer/Evaluator Research

- Profile generation/algorithm software development
- Planning for optimizing all future 4D Trajectories
- Sequencing
- Separation
- Optimizing all active 4D Trajectories in real time (with respect to user needs)
- Accounting and predicting of the impact of weather
- Accounting and predicting the impact of system capacity and demand at any instant of time
- Ground
- In-flight
- Accounting for aircraft performance
- Information Management Capability
- Database management
- Data Sources and availability
- Data fusion
- Information exchange formats
- Accessibility
- Latency
- Manner in which user interaction occurs
- Automatic user interaction/negotiation
- Pre-flight
- In-flight
- System Robustness and Security
- Fault management
- Transition strategies
- Quality Assurance
- Operational metrics

## CNS Research

- Optimized GNSS
- Total satellite system design to support concept (GPS IV)
- Numbers, performance, avionics, etc, etc
- ADS-B system
- Affordable avionics and ground system
- Digital Communications
- System choice
- concept, modulation, frequency, security.
- Spectrum, International acceptance, compatibility
- Affordable avionics and  ground system
- Transition Planning
- Facilities
- Manned, Unmanned
- Ground based, space based
- Mixed equipage
- Information display and I/O processes

## Human Factors

- Management By Exception Operations
- Human and automation interaction/roles and responsibilities
- Workload for pilot and controller
- Strategy to recover from partial and full system problems/failures
- Identify attributes/characteristics/capabilities of future controllers
- Situational awareness and information display needs and systems to support the controller, pilot, airlines, public, users, etc.
- Ground based
- Flight planning
- In-flight
- Preflight and in-flight processes for interacting with users
- Information flow, timeliness, display, and processes
- Automatic filing/negotiation
- Decision Support Tools
- Cockpit
- Service providers
- Other users
- Transition
- Fault management
- Facilities
- Number, kind and distribution

## Alignment with a functional architecture may be a better approach

**Alignment with a functional architecture may be a better approach**

## Slide 24

##  Backup Material