BEE-spoke-data/govdocs1-by-extension huggingface dataset:
# Presentation: 860857

## Beams Week in Review

- Working towards pre-shutdown luminosity
- Still trying to hit stride/unstable operation
- HV703 load switch resolved (for now)
- humidity/air conditioning issues
- D0 access
- feeder 41 failure
- variety of store to store issues

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Integrated Luminosity

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Peak Luminosity

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Store Summary

| Store # | Initial Luminosity | Duration | Termination | comments |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1462 | 6.93 E30 | 9.5 hours | intentional |  |
| 1464 | 5.32 E30 | 3.7 hours | A4 lead failure
/humidity |  |
| 1480 | 12.95 E30 | 0.5 hours | feeder 41 glitch |  |
| 1482 | 5.83 E30 | 18.87 hours | intentional |  |

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Initial Luminosity

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Protons to Collision

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Pbars to Collision

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Tevatron Summary

- Studies
- F0 horizontal angle change (0.138 mrad)
- Coupling at 150 GeV and helix
- Bunch-by-bunch longitudinal damper

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Pbar Summary

- Studies
- Shot Lattice
- Tunes decoupled on extraction orbit
- Tunes parsed
- Beam line to Accumulator match
- P1 to AP3 emittance preservation
- Accumulator admittance
- Stacking sluggish
- Shot timing & phase to MI

- All Experimenters Meeting

## MI Summary

- MI8 beamline study
- Transverse emittance
- 8 GeV coalescing

- All Experimenters Meeting

## MI Summary

- All Experimenters Meeting

## MI Summary

- Flying Wire Study
- Beam intensity
- coalesced bunch intensity 300E9/bunch
- H- Emittance
- Injection 15.5 pi-mm-mr
- Extraction 16.8 pi-mm-mr
- V- Emittance
- Injection 14.2 pi-mm-mr
- Extraction 15.1 pi-mm-mr
- Emittance growth is <10% both in H and V planes

- All Experimenters Meeting

## MI Summary

- 8 GeV coalescing

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Schedule for this Week

- Five shifts of  Tevatron studies in two parts
- 36 X 12 > 0 X 12 at low beta
- pbar lifetime vs. proton intensity
- CDF forward proton detector timing
- Coupling
- Tune drift
- TEL
- Longitudinal damper
- Operational studies as needed

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Schedule for this Week

- Pbar
- Beam line lattice
- Stacking tune up
- A:EKIK flattop
- MI
- MI8 lattice
- 8 GeV coalescing
- Recycler
- MiniBooNe

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Schedule for this Week

- All Experimenters Meeting
# Presentation: 840066

## Dec. 2, 1998 - Two Weeks Program

**US CMS EMU - FNAL**
**Two Weeks Program**

**Dec. 2, 1998 - Two Weeks Program**
**P2’****	****	****	****	****	****	****	****	**
**Chamber Transfer to Lab 7****	****G.Smith**
**P2 Combs Nickel-Plating****	****R.Evans, E.Borissov (?)**
**Lab 7**
**Chamber Installation****	****	****Y.Pishalinikov**
**Trigger Setup****	****	****	****Y.Pishalinikov**
**Electronics and DAQ****	****	****A.Bujak, ...**

## US CMS EMU - FNAL

**	****	**

**P3 - MP9 Tooling**
**Assembly Table Mod.****	****	****	****E.Borissov, G.Smith**
**P3 - MP9 Assembly**
**Procedures****	****	****	****	****B.Jensen**
**Anode Panel #4 Cleaning****	****	****D. Northacker**
**Glue Anode Bars #2-3-4****	****	****J.Wittenkeller**
**Anode Panels #2-3-4 Winding****	****S.Harrold**
**Anode Panels #2-3-4 Wire Gluing****	****G.Smith+Tech, PNPI**
**Anode Panels #2-3-4 Wire Sold.****	****G.Smith+Tech, PNPI**
**Anode Panels Hand Sold.****	****	****G.Smith+Tech, PNPI**
**Protection Boards & Buttons****	****	****R.Evans**

**US CMS EMU - FNAL**
**Two Weeks Program**
# Presentation: 037083

## Robotic OS

- Goal: Develop a platform open to 3rd party developers that will become the standard OS for the mobile robotics industry
- Closest Existing Example
- Hardware
- Software
- Challenges
- Direction
- Products
- Schedule

## Example – Cye Robot

- Henry Thorne

## Cye - continued

- Sparse sensors on base
- Wheels
- Sound
- Radio communications with a PC
- Optional Camera, trailer, cordless vacuum.

## Cye - continued

- Software
- Map –n- Zap (_[http://www.gadgetmad.com/reviews/cye-sr.htm](http://www.gadgetmad.com/reviews/cye-sr.htm)_)
- TeamBots 2.0 (_[http://www.](http://www.teambots.org/)__[teambots](http://www.teambots.org/)__[.org](http://www.teambots.org/)_)

## Challenges

- Met
- Localization
- Skills (User Programmed and built-in)
- Recharging, but no stair climbing
- Unmet
- API for localization
- API for skills
- Vision
- Manipulation
- Reasoning (Planning and Scheduling)

## Direction

- Goal: Meet most unmet challenges with an Alpha release due Christmas day, 2001 (ignore manipulation for now...)
- Robotic OS consists of:
- Localization
- Skills
- Applications
- AI (for robotics) consists of:
- Vision
- Reasoning

## Robotic OS Architecture

## Products

- Modules
- Model for Localization
- Model for Skills
- Simulator
- Applications
- Scripter
- Localizer
- Path Planner
- Activity Planner
- Vision System

- APIs
- Localization to Skills
- Localization to Apps
- Skills to Apps
- Skills to Effectors
- Localization to Sensors
- Path Planner to Apps
- Activity Planner to Apps
- Vision System to Apps

## Schedule – 85 wwk.

- Modules – 4 wk.
- 1 wk. Model for L.
- 1 wk. Model for S.
- 3 wk. Sim.
- Applications – 80 wk.
- 15 wk. Scripter
- 15 wk. Localizer
- 10 wk. Path Planner
- 20 wk. Activity Planner
- 20 wk. Vision System

- APIs – 2 wk.
- Localization to Apps
- Localization to Skills
- Skills to Effectors
- Localization to Sensors
- Skills to Apps
- Path Planner to Apps
- Activity Planner to Apps
- Vision System to Apps

- 82 wdys = 16.4 wwk.  5.2 people from 27 Aug.
# Presentation: 074245

## Future Priorities, Needs and Opportunities for Plant Genomics, Bioinformatics and Genetic Improvement

**Jane Silverthorne**
- Plant Genome Research Program
- National Science Foundation

## Issue #1: Information Overload

- Huge amount of data
- Diverse data types (sequences, maps, array data, images etc.)
- Dispersed data
- Poorly integrated data
- Uneven data standards
- Missed research opportunities
- Missed training opportunities

## Information Synthesis

- Higher order data access and analysis
- Coherent linkage across datasets
- Implementation of global standards
- Broader comparative analysis
- Development of new tools
- New kinds of training
- Community engagement
- Broadening participation

## Issue #2: Lack of Tools for Comparative Analyses

- Few whole genome sequences
- Lack of any sequence or maps for plants in key phylogenetic positions
- Lack of deep sequence resources within species and across taxa
- Need for informatics tools that don’t currently exist

## Coordinated effort to collect key sequence resources

- Key nodes
- Taxon-wide sequencing
- Within-species sequencing
- Survey sequencing
- Sequence-rich maps
- Tool development

## Contact Information

- Jane Silverthorne
- Plant Genome Research Program
- National Science Foundation
- Phone:	(703) 292-8470
- _[jsilvert@nsf.gov](mailto:jsilvert@nsf.gov)_
# Presentation: 189617

## Applied Engineering Division (AED)

**Staff : 13 Persons                contact 304-547-2303**
**  **
**Acting Division Chief - ****Joe Judeikis,  Mechanical Engineer**
**Team Leader – ****Mike Getto,     Geologist/Physical Scientist**
**Engineers (8) ****Howard Epperly,     ****	****Mining**
**Ben Gandy,              ****	****Mining**
**Dale Ingold,            ****	****Industrial & Systems**
**Rob Parry,****	****	****Industrial & Systems**
**Wesley Shumaker,****	****Mechanical**
**Walt Slomski,          ****	****Mining**
**Andy Yanik, ****	****	****Mining**
**Brandon Boring,****	****General**
**   ****Safety and Health Specialist –    ****Duane Wease **
**   ****Office Automation Assistant –    ****Carlene Falck**
**   ****Engineering Technician –            ****Michelle Jones**

## What We Do

**Mine Rescue Technologies **
**Accident Investigation Assistance**
**Incident Reduction Program**
**Litigation Support **
**Technical Assistance**
**Accident Research and Associated Preventative Measures **
**Innovative Product Evaluations **
**Miner’s Tips and Safety Ideas**
**MSHA Slogan Challenge**

## The Internet

- _Accident Prevention Website_
- 	Miner’s Tips
- 	Safety Ideas
- 	Innovative Products
- 	New Technologies

**The Internet**

## Safety Improved throughPrevention?

- Fix the Root Cause!

## Incident Reduction Program

- Voluntary grass roots program
- Interview all miners anonymously
- Observing work habits
- Observing work area
- Formulate plan to reduce accidents
- Year long effort / not a flavor of the month
- Results ; 44% reduction in accident rates

- Mines that have high accident rates or have
- had close calls.

## Miner ActInsuring the Maintenance of Miners in Emergency Situations

- Refuge Alternatives Rulemaking
- PIB 07-03
- Communication / Tracking – non-approval
- Litigation assistance
- Interim criteria
- Shelter materials
- Technical assistance to Enforcement

## Post Mine Emergency Technology

- Breathable Air
- Refuge Alternatives
- The Great Escape system

##        DESIGN AND LAYOUT 

**       ****DESIGN** **AND LAYOUT**

- The escape system contains:
-   battery powered prime mover
-   personnel carriers
-   communication / tracking

## Coordinate Technical Support Assistance for accident investigations Assist Enforcement in:	Root cause analysis, 	Official report preparation, 	Subsequent litigation assistance, 	Related hazard awareness efforts

**Accidents**

## BOTTOM LINE	

- We all have the same goal – to send each and every miner home in the same condition which they arrived for that shift.

- Thank You
# Presentation: 461056

## Fault and Performance Management for the Access Grid

**Cynthia S. Hood**
- Illinois Institute of Technology
- (Argonne Faculty Visitor)

## What is Fault/Performance Management?

- Fault management is the process of detecting, diagnosing, and correcting faults or problems.
- Performance management is the process of detecting performance problems and taking corrective actions.

## Basics

- We broadly define a **fault** to be anything that has a negative impact on performance
- We look at entire system from end-end
- Application
- System
- Network

## Long-term Research Goal

- Automate fault and performance management
- Enable QoS guarantees over a network of unreliable components

## Research Issues

- Systems complex
- Systems non-stationary
- Modeling difficult
- System behavior models
- Fault models
- Lack of general foundation

## Logistics Issues

- Data scarce
- Limited examples of faults
- Limited “normal” data
- Do results generalize?
- Each end-end system unique

## Why the Access Grid?

- Bill Gropp
- Large, interesting end-end system
- Potential to collect data at many different levels
- Quality parameters of streamed audio/video provide labels
- Public domain software
- Cooperation

## Our Approach

- Focus on decision(control) points
- Look at different issues from this perspective
- Monitoring
- What measurements are needed to make decisions?
- Measurement frequency?
- Correlation
- Can a good decision be make with local info only?
- What level of correlation is necessary?

## Our Approach (cont.)

- Model decision points
- Use simulation to understand ***interactions*** between decisions

## Where we are starting

- Identify/model decision points
- Network
- vic, rat
- Data collection infrastructure
- Existing statistics
- Simulation of Access Grid
- Opnet

## Data Collection Help

- If your site would be willing to participate in our data collection please contact me at _[hood@iit.edu](mailto:hood@iit.edu)_
- _Side benefit _
- Public database of (cleansed) data to be used for research purposes
# Presentation: 941591

## Fermilab’s Proton Driver Plan

- Fermilab Long Range Planning Committee has recommended the Proton Driver as a future construction project at Fermilab.
- The Proton Driver project is defined as:
*	**“**a complete replacement of our current 400 MeV linac and 8 GeV Booster, accompanied by Main Injector upgrades.”*
- Major parameters:
- New Proton Driver:  8 GeV,  0.5 MW
- Upgraded Main Injector: 8 - 120 GeV, 2 MW
- Total beam power:  2.5 MW

- Fermilab-IHEP Video Conference, July 14, 2004

- W. Chou

## Proton Driver Study II (Fermilab-TM-2169)

- Fermilab-IHEP Video Conference, July 14, 2004

- W. Chou

## Fermilab-Beijing Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment

- An appealing scenario:
- A large underground detector in Beijing
- A neutrino beam from Fermilab to Beijing (~9400 km)
- A neutrino beam from JPARC to Beijing (~2100 km)
- This would be the first truly international HEP experiment.
- Physics cases are strong and  even unique in this “9400 km + 2100 km” 2-baseline experiment, for example:
- The longer baseline good for sin2(213) and M2
- The shorter baseline good for CP violation

- Fermilab-IHEP Video Conference, July 14, 2004

- W. Chou

## JPARC/Tokai–Beijing Long Baseline

**Tokai**

**2100 km**

**JPARC: 50 GeV protons (0.75 MW) ******** ******** to Beijing**

- Fermilab-IHEP Video Conference, July 14, 2004

- W. Chou

## Fermilab–Beijing Long Baseline

**Chicago**

**Beijing**

**Fermilab Proton Driver: 120 GeV protons (2 MW) ******** ******** to Beijing**

**9400 km**

- Fermilab-IHEP Video Conference, July 14, 2004

- W. Chou

## This Meeting

- An opportunity for the IHEP group and Fermilab group to know each other.
- Fermilab presentations:
- Physics cases: Adam Para and Fritz DeJongh
- Beamline: Dixon Bogert
- Tunneling: Chris Laughton
- We will also discuss: what’s next?

- Fermilab-IHEP Video Conference, July 14, 2004

- W. Chou
# Presentation: 765021

## sNDA 20-726 Letrozole (Femara®)

- Indication: First-line therapy in post-menopausal women with advanced breast cancer.
- Prior approval: Second-line therapy for same patient population with disease progression following antiestrogen treatment.

## Letrozole Pivotal Trial

- Double blind, double dummy, randomized, multicenter, 2-arm, phase III trial comparing letrozole 2.5mg v tamoxifen 20mg in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer

## Comparator Treatment

- Generic Tamoxifen (Tamofen®, manufactured by Leiras, OY of Finland)
- Bioequivalent to Nolvadex®

## Trial Objectives

- Primary Endpoint
- 		Time to Progression
- Secondary Endpoints
- 		-Objective response rate & duration
- 		-Clinical benefit **(CR+PR+NC ********24 weeks)**
- 		-Time to treatment failure
- 		-Survival
- 		-Safety

## Eligibility

- Postmenopausal
- Stage IIIB or IV
- ER and/or PR positive or both unknown
- Measurable or evaluable disease. Patients with bone only disease were eligible
- May have had adjuvant chemo or 1 chemo regimen for advanced disease
- May have had adjuvant tamoxifen if recurred >1 year after stopping therapy

## Tumor Evaluations

- Baseline
- 1 month - optional
- Every 3 months thereafter

## Response Determination

## Patients Studied

- From 11/96 to 1/99  939 pts randomized
- 29 countries participated
- Largest site-52 pts-Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow
- 2nd site-51 pts-Petrov Institute, St. Petersburg
- 3rd site-48 pts-Cancer Hospital, Beijing
- 91 patients from USA institutions

## Study Patients

## Study Patients

## Patient Characteristics

- Patients are comparable for:
- Age
- Race
- Performance status
- Dominant disease site
- Number of Involved Sites

## Efficacy

## Median Treatment Duration

## Time to Progression

## Response Rate

## Response Duration

## Response by Dominant Site

## Response by Receptor Status

## Performance Status Improvement(Exploratory FDA Analysis)

## Performance Status ImprovementInitial PS 50-70

## Serious Vascular Adverse Events

## Serious  Adverse Events

## Early Therapy Discontinuation

## AE’s Special Populations____________________

- Age  55, 56 to 69, 70
- Comparable for each age group
- Ethnicity
-     85% Caucasian, 3% Black, 11%            Asian/other
- _____________________

## Efficacy Summary

## Safety Summary______________________

- Letrozole and tamoxifen were equally        well tolerated. Most AE’s (88%L/84%T) were mild to moderate in severity.
- Cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events occurred in _<_ 2% of patients.
- Fractures occurred in _<_5% of patients.      Appeared to be disease-related.
-  _____________________

## Approval Based on a Single Study

## Review Team Recommendation__________________________

- Letrozole should be approved for first-line hormonal therapy in postmenopausal women with advanced hormone receptor positive or hormone receptor unknown breast cancer. ________________________
# Presentation: 504261

## Life and Medical Sciences Program

**Biological Facilities**** **
**	****Support of biological stations at world-class synchrotron & neutron sources, JGI, and ORNL mouse house.**
**Genomics: GTL **
**	****Systems biology research in bioenergy, bioremediation and carbon sequestration; development of bioenergy research centers.**
**Health Effects Research**
**	****- Low Dose Radiation Program**
**	****- Nuclear Medicine**
**	****- Advanced bio-medical instrumentation**
**	****- ELSI, Human Subjects Protection Program**

## Shewenella Federation

**Comparative genomic and physiological analysis of *****Shewenella *****species.**
**Functional genomics energy flow and electron transport.**
**Genetic and functional characterization of c-type cytochromes**
**Characterization and modeling of metabolic and regulatory networks.**

**PNL, ****ANL,ORNL,USC,UCLA,MSU,BU. OU,MBL,DRI,BIATECH,GEONOMATICA**

## Federation Integrated Approachto Shewanella Biology

***Federation Integrated Approach******to Shewanella Biology***

_**Imaging**_
**AFM, EM, CLSM**
**Immuno-EM**

_**Proteomics**_
**MS**
**2-D gel**

**MR-1 Genome**
**Sequence, **
**Bioinformatics**

**Information Synthesis & Interpretation**

**Linked measurements**

**Concepts &**
**Hypotheses**

**Cellular networks,**
**Modeling**

_**Gene Expression**_
**Microarrays**
**Reporters**

**Physiology &**
**Metabolism**

**Computational **
_**Biology**_

**Data Analysis &**
**Integration**

**▲**
**Perturbation:**
**mutation**
**cultivation**

**Controlled**
**Cultivation**

## DOE Imaging Instrumentation

- Clinical PET

- MicroPET

- Mobile PET

## Awake Animal Project :

**Awake Animal Project :**
**The Rat CAP**

**Miniaturized, novel electronics        which allows the signals from the RatCAP to be collected, amplified and ****	****analyzed**
**LSO crystal arrays, backed to photodiodes and electronics board.**
**Image resolution comparable to micro-PET**

**RatCAP**

**MicroPET**

- Schlyer, Vaska, Woody, 2006

## Component design for 250 electrode device completed. 

**Six 16-electrode devices implanted in humans. Longest  implant in for 3 years.**
**60 electrode device completing pre-clinical testing in dogs. Human study scheduled for 12/06.**
**Component design for 250 electrode device completed****. **

*ORNL, ANL, LANL, SNL, LLNL, BNL, USC, UC SC, CalTech,NC State, Second Sight*
# Presentation: 506250

## Homeland Security and Defense

**Integrating Homeland Security into Established College Courses**
- John C. Pine
- Chair
- Department of Geography & Anthropology
- Director
- Disaster Science and Management
- Louisiana State University

## A New Environment

- _Geopolitical Revolution_:  The way the world works has changed.
- _Technological Revolution_: Adversaries also benefited from the technology & are networked.
- This hazard knows no boundaries (crime, drugs, infectious diseases)
- Extensive international business
- Infinitely vulnerable
- Terrorist want to disable our economic structure

## The New Response

- Business is creating a culture of security
- Operational Collaboration: Network centric, matrix, hybrid, temporary organizations with many constituencies
- Minimize damage from potential attacks and natural disasters
- Planning is critical

## Assumptions

- Homeland Security involves complex issues
- Many disciplines contribute to our understanding of this international issue
- Colleges have faculty who understand elements of this international problem

## Assumptions (cont.)

- Many faculty are eager and willing to adapt their classes to address terrorism / international conflict / extremist groups
- Some faculty are unwilling to get involved.
- Most faculty may not be aware of how they could contribute

## Contributing Units

- Interdisciplinary Studies
- Political Science
- Sociology
- International Studies
- Philosophy & Religious Studies
- History
- Public Administration
- Disaster Science & Management

## Current Offerings

- Middle Eastern Politics
- International Conflict
- Intro. To International Studies
- Sociology of Terrorism

- History of the Middle East
- Extremist Religious Groups
- Muslim Studies
- Introduction to Terrorism
- Crisis Management
- Environmental Hazards Analysis
# Presentation: 376492

## Proton Plan Meeting

- Agenda:
- Review of parameter list:
- Prebys, Kourbanis
- Status of writing assignments
- Prebys, Kourbanis
- Proton Projection methodology
- Prebys, discussion
- Practice talks for next week
- discussion

## Booster Parameters

## Proton Projections

- Successes
- First realistic attempt at estimating proton delivery
- Fairly accurate in FY05
- Problems
- Don’t incorporate realistic ramp up curves after shutdowns.
- Handling of single batch size vs. slip stacked batch size probably reasonably accurate, but very confusing.
- Ongoing debate of “peak” vs “average”
- No attempt to factor in possible large variations in beamline uptime
- This is why we will miss badly for NuMI this year.

## How we’re doing this year

- Benefits from NuMI hardships

- Beads

- Horn

- Tritium

- Slope approaching base

## Batch sizes

- Fact:  we can deliver larger single batches to MiniBooNE than we can slip stack for NuMI or pbar.
- Historical handling:  use one batch size, but put in a lower “efficiency” for slip stacked cycles
- Leads to accurate projections
- Appears predict 20% beam loss in MI
- Leads to confusing comparison to actual performance
- Proposed new scheme:
- One batch size for protons to MiniBooNE
- Largest batch size with acceptable losses
- Separate batch size for slip stacking
- Batch size will reflect batch out of Booster.
- “Efficiency” will be difference between injected and extracted beam in MI

## Batch Sizes (cont’d)

- Currently
- Design
- Single batch size rising from 4.5E12 to 5.25E12 by 1/1/09
- Slip stack “efficiency” 80%
- Base
- Single batch size stays at 4.5E12
- Propose
- Design
- Single batch same
- Slip stack batch (to MI) rising from 4E12 to 4.3E12 over the next year.
- Slip stack efficiency going from 90% to 95% over the same period
- Base
- Batch sizes stay about where they are now?

## Uptime

- Historically have put in same uptime for MiniBooNE and NuMI
- In fact, (lack of) uptime has been the single most important factor for NuMI.
- Currently (MiniBooNE and NuMI)
- Design: uptime goes from 81% to 85% by 1/1/08
- Base: stay at 81%
- Propose
- Design: same
- Base:
- NuMI: uptime they’ve had up to now
- MiniBooNE: budget in 1 unplanned horn failure (3 weeks)

## After Shutdown

- Currently
- No turn-on curve after shutdown
- Compensated by budgeting a longer shutdown than planned.
- Problems:
- Shutdown has always been extended to be as long as the budget
- Even if it hadn’t, start-up time is an important figure of merit.
- Propose.
- Add exponential turn-on after shutdown (tau ~2weeks)

## Hourly Rates: Peak vs. Avg.

- Peak values
- Pros
- can verify by taking a calculator a plugging in basic numbers
- Give a good number to tune toward
- Cons
- Some people will always neglect to throw in reality factors
- Average value
- Pros
- Really tell what’s important
- Avoid unrealistic expectations
- Cons
- Can result in a relaxed attitutde toward tuning
- Propose
- Do both
# Presentation: 703380

## Dr. Ed Rappaport
Deputy Director, TPC/NHC
Chair

- Deputy Director, TPC/NHC
- Chair

**Working Group for Hurricane  and Winter Storms Operations and Research**

## Action Item Review

**61****st**** IHC**
- 15 Action Items
- 10—Closed incorporation into the NHOP
- 1—Withdrawn
- Message Standardization for Fix Messages
- 1—Informational
- Content Change Request for Tropical Cyclone ICAO Message

## Action Item Review

**61****st**** IHC**
- Key Actions:
- Satellite Ocean Surface Vector Winds Operational Impacts and Requirements
- Rick Knabb (TPC/NHC) and LCDR Dave Roberts (Navy) will draft requirements letter for endorsement by the IHC
- Status of HDOBS Recon Messages
- Will be implemented by NOAA AOC and 53 WRS for the 2007 hurricane season (60th IHC action item)
- Retirement of Numerous East Pacific Hurricane Names requested by the Hawaii State Civil Defense
- Forward to WMO RA-IV for approval

## Action Item Review

**61****st**** IHC**
- Key Actions:
- Reporting Outbound Wind Maxima in Vortex Messages
- Procedure will be updated in the NHOP
- Adopted procedure to make dropwindsonde releases at 850 MB and above
- Operational Tropical Cyclone Forecast and Advisory Products in GIS-Ready Format in Real Time from TPC/NHC (USDA)
- Three of the 6 products requested will be in development for the 2007 hurricane season and made operational in 2008
- The other three products are not available from TPC/NHC; OFCM/NWS will advise USDA on how to obtain the products

## Action Item Review

**61****st**** IHC**
- Key Actions:
- AFWA cessation of tropical cyclone satellite imagery surveillance and analysis support to be reflected in the NHOP
- Clarification of CARCAH’s Continuity of Operations Plan in the NHOP
- 53 WRS will draft addendum to NHOP Chapter 5, “Aircraft Reconnaissance,” to ensure the continued transmission of reconnaissance data in backup situations
- Elimination of the Supplemental Vortex Message
- Forward to WMO RA-IV for acceptance/also provide recommended alternatives for obtaining data

## Action Item Review

**60****th**** IHC Open Action Items**
- Three were closed
- Change Request to Vortex Message
- CARCAH Manning
- Caribbean Hurricane Awareness Tour (CHAT)
- Expendable Bathythermograph (AXBT) Observations on Tasked Reconnaissance Missions
- Current Status:  EMC developing requirements document
- Access to Operational Storm Surge SLOSH Output
- Current Status:  TPC/NHC (Chris Sisko), Navy (LCDR Dave Roberts), and OFCM (Bob Dumont for DHS/FEMA) will investigate the identification of ftp servers to speed availability of data
# Presentation: 828618

## Status of NAISA

-  **H.R.1591 and S.770:** To amend the Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of 1990 to reauthorize and improve that Act.
** ****Sponsors: **
-  House – Rep Wayne Gilchrest (Maryland); 68 cosponors
-  Senate – Sen Carl Levin (Michigan); 19 cosponsors
-  **Introduced:** 4/13/2005

## Status of NAISA

** *****Latest Major Actions:***
-  House:  5/4/2005 – Referred to Subcommittee on Fisheries and Oceans.
-  Senate:  4/13/2005 – Read twice and referred to the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works.
-  **No action or discussion in recent months**

## NAISA - Current Monitoring Language

- EARLY DETECTION AND MONITORING
*(1) General language:*
-  The NIS Task Force shall develop and promulgate:
-  Sampling plan; geographic plan; and budget
-  Support national system of ecological surveys
-  Rapidly detect recently established AIS in U.S. waters

## NAISA - Current Monitoring Language

*(2) Content:*
- PROTOCOLS, PLAN AND BUDGET SHALL (MINIMUM):
-  Address diversity of aquatic ecosystems (inland & coastal);
*** ******Encourage***** state, local, port & tribal participation in monitoring;**
** **Balance scientific rigor with practicability, timeliness, and breadth of sampling activity;

## NAISA - Current Monitoring Language

*(2) Content:*
- PROTOCOLS, PLAN AND BUDGET SHALL (MINIMUM):
-  Consider pathways and/or organisms identified under section 1210;
-  Include a capacity to evaluate the impacts of permitted importations; and
** **Include clear lines of communication with appropriate Federal, State, and regional rapid response authorities.

## NAISA - Current Monitoring Language

*(3) Implementation:*
- Not later than 3 years after enactment of NAISA:
-  USFWS, NOAA, and EPA, in consultation with the National Invasive Species Council and other agencies
-  Implement National system of ecological surveys
-  Carried out in cooperation with state, local, port, tribal authorities and other nonfederal entities (e.g. colleges and universities)
-  Based on the protocols, plan, and budget published under subsection (a)(1) and any public comment

## NAISA - Current Monitoring Language

*Dispersal Barriers:*
-  Secretary of Interior shall establish interbasin and intrabasin monitoring program (and issued biennial reports) to:
- Track AIS moving through Chicago River Ship and Sanitary Canal ... other interbasin waterways, and major river systems as recommended by regional panels;
-  Assess the efficacy of dispersal barriers and other prevention measures; and
-  Identify waters suitable for dispersal barrier demonstration projects ...
# Presentation: 748673

## Ira Harbison SchoolNational City, California

- Beverly A. Hayes      	      Clinton E. Anderson
*Principal                            **	**                Teacher/Tech Liaison*

- Differentiated Learning:
*Assessment is the Key*

## School Facts

- K-6 Elementary
- 605 Students

- 10 miles N. of the US/Mexico   International Border

- 36 Certificated, 21 Classified- 100% NCLB certified

- STAR-CAT6, CST, CELDT

- Title I, 45% English Language
-   Learners, Diverse Cultures

## Differentiated Learning:Assessment is the Key

- Assessments

- Managing
- the Data

- Using
- the Data

- Coordinated
- Delivery System

## The Assessments...

**The ****Assessments****...**

- At the District / School level...

- Language Arts / Math / ELD

- STAR      AYP / API

- California Achievement Test 6th Ed.

- California Standards Test

- CA English Lang. Development Test

- APRENDA (Spanish)

## The Data...

- Teacher

- State

- Teacher

- School / Principal

- District

## Data Analysis and Application...

- Set Goals

- Plan Instruction

- Collaborate

- Provide Intervention

- Measure Progress

- Reflect and Strategize

## Our Coordinated Delivery System...

- Coordinate Schedules

- Designate Personnel

- Differentiate Instruction

## Designate Personnel

- Classroom Teachers

- Specialists &
- Instructional
- Assistants

- Impact
- Teachers

## Coordinated Schedules

- Classroom Schedules

- Intervention Schedules

**-**Needs assessment

**-**Allocation of services   based on students’ needs

- -RSP and LAS

- -Interventions &
-   classroom schedules align

## Differentiated Instruction

- At instructional level

- Aligned to California  Content Standards

- Meets students’  diverse needs

- Utilizes research-based  materials

## Summary Points

- Differentiated learning...

- Focuses on students’ needs

- Is guided by data

- Requires coordinated schedules

- Maximizes instructional time

- Demands highly qualified teachers

- Each year we add new strategies– the challenge is to complement but not compromise what is already working...

## Excellence for All!

*Excellence for All!*

- Ira Harbison School, National City, CA
# Presentation: 711630

**CASS****TM**** DPV****TM**** **

**Jan Caldwell**
**Intelligent Mail & Address Quality**
**United States Postal Service**

**National Postal Forum ****March 25****th**** – 28****th****, 2007**
**Washington DC**

## The new cycle begins August 1st, and runs through July 31st of the next year.

**CASS CERTIFICATION**

## 2007 REQUIREMENTS

- Cycle L certification will require that a ZIP + 4® code can only be assigned if the primary number DPVTM validates.
- If the primary address cannot be verified, no ZIP + 4 can be returned. The vendor must return only the 5-Digit ZIP CodeTM.
- Cycle L certification requires a LACSLinkTM look-up

## 	Returned or wasted mail resulting from incorrect or missing primary number
Over 348 million pieces of returned or wasted mail 
At an annual cost to USPS® of $60 million
	Personal knowledge required to deliver mail with incorrect or missing primary number
Over 1.37 billion pieces at a cost of 7¢ per piece
Resulting in over $99 million in annual cost to USPS 

- Over 348 million pieces of returned or wasted mail
- At an annual cost to USPS® of $60 million
- 	Personal knowledge required to deliver mail with incorrect or missing primary number
- Over 1.37 billion pieces at a cost of 7¢ per piece
- Resulting in over $99 million in annual cost to USPS

**CASS CERTIFICATION**

## TIMELINE

- Run files against DPVTM and 	ImmediateLACSLinkTM to determine impact
- Review and implement new 	Immediate to August 1processes within company
- Correct bad address	Immediate to August 1
- AEC / AECIITM
- Vendor Products
- Mailer Processes

*Continue...*

**CASS****TM**** DPV****TM **

## TIMELINE

- Secure testing version of Cycle L	Feb 1 – May 1from vendor
- Secure certified version of Cycle L	May 1from vendor
- Test and integrate Cycle L software	Feb 1 – Aug 1
- Implement	**Aug 1, 2007**

**CASS****TM**** DPV****TM **

## More information about CASS/MASS certification, technical requirements, and certified developers and manufacturers visit the RIBBS website:
	http://ribbs.usps.gov/index.html
	(CASS and MASS are topics on the left side of the page under RIBBS Links)

**	**_**[http://ribbs.usps.gov/index.html](http://ribbs.usps.gov/index.html)**_
- 	***(CASS and MASS are topics on the left side of the page under RIBBS Links)***

**CASS/MASS****TM**** ****CERTIFICATION**

## Products, Services, and Publications (PS&P)
Videos for PCC and PowerPoint presentation for customers
CASS/MASSTM CD
Speakers Bureau
RIBBS: http://ribbs.usps.gov/index.html
Customer Care: 800-238-3150

- Videos for PCC and PowerPoint presentation for customers
- CASS/MASSTM CD
- Speakers Bureau
- RIBBS: _[http://ribbs.usps.gov/index.html](http://ribbs.usps.gov/index.html)_
- Customer Care: 800-238-3150

**RESOURCES**

**Questions & Answers**

**Thank You**
# Presentation: 529921

## Reported ESRD Period and Point Prevalence,

**335,014**

**287,515**

**74,116**

**51,762**

**Period Prev.**

**Point Prev.**

**Incidence**

**Deaths**

**LFU****

**Counts (1000s)**

**Year**

** *****Preliminary**
****Lost-to-Followup**

**Reported ESRD Period and Point Prevalence,**
** ****Incidence, Death, and Lost-to-Followup Counts, 1987-96**

**18,348**

*****

## Reported ESRD Point Prevalence Countsby Data Source and Medicare Eligibility, 1987-96

***Preliminary**

**Reported ESRD Point Prevalence Counts****by Data Source and Medicare Eligibility, 1987-96**

**Patients (1000s)**

**Medicare Functioning Kidney Graft**

**Medicare Dialysis**

**USRDS Database**
**HCFA Facility Survey**

**Year**

**215,557**
**208,710**
**197,443**
** **
**78,810**
** **
**  **

**Medicare and Non-Medicare Dialysis**

*****

## ESRD Prevalence Rates by Year, 1987-96

**Year**

**Fitted Curve**

**Actual Rates**

**95 % High Range**

**95% Low **
**Range**

**Rate/Million Pop./Year**

***Preliminary**

*****

**1996 estimate is inflated by 1% and is denoted by  **“**O**”

## ESRD Incidence Rates by Year, 1987-96

**Year**

**Fitted Curve**

**Actual Rates**

**95 % High Range**

**95% Low **
**Range**

**Rate/Million Pop./Year**

**1996 estimate is inflated by 5% and is denoted by “****O****”**

***Preliminary**

*****

## Increases in Incident Dialysis Patient Counts According to Two Sources, 1987-96

**Increases in **_**Incident**_** Dialysis Patient Counts According to Two Sources, 1987-96**

**% Increase / Year**

**Year**

**1987-92 increase**

**(Medicare only prior to 1994)**

***1996 data preliminary**

*****

## ESRD Incidence Rates* by Age, 1987-96

**Age 0-19**

**Age 20-44**

**Age 45-64**

**Age 75+**

**Age 65-74**

**Rate/Million Pop./Year**

** ***** Adjusted for sex and race**
**** Preliminary**

******

**Year**

## Mean Age at Incidence for All ESRD Patients 

**Mean Age at Incidence for All ESRD Patients **
**by Race, 1987-96**

**Mean Age (years)**

**Year of Incidence**

**Total**

**Asian**

**Black**

**White**

**Native Am**

**62.2**
**60.0**
**59.9**
**56.2**
**55.8**

**  ***** Preliminary**

*****

## ESRD Incidence Rates* and Annualized Change by Race, 1991-96

**ESRD Incidence Rates* and Annualized Change ****by Race, 1991-96**

**Rate per Million Pop/Year (1994-96)**

**Change/Year (%) (1991-93 vs 1994-96)**

***Adjusted for age and sex**

## Treated Medicare ESRD Incidence Rates* 

**Rate/Million Pop./Year**

**Treated Medicare ESRD Incidence Rates* **
**by Primary Diagnosis, 1994-96**

**Primary Disease Causing ESRD**

**Overall Rate=263**

***Adjusted for age, sex,**
** ****and race**

## Annualized Change in Medicare ESRD Incidence Rates 

**Annualized Change in Medicare ESRD Incidence Rates **
**by Primary Diagnosis, 1991-96***

**Primary Disease Causing ESRD**

**Change/Year (%)**

***Annualized 1991-93 vs. 1994-96**

**6% Overall Change**

**Missing**
# Presentation: 353463

## Autonomous Airborne Sun/Sky-Scanning Spectrometer

-  Beat Schmid BAER/SGG,
-    bschmid@mail.arc.nasa.gov x4-5933
-  Team Members: Nicholas Truong, Roy Johnson,
-    Phil Russell, Jens Redemann, John Livingston

-  Ground-based prototype NASA DDF: Mar 04-06
-  Miniaturization design study NOAA: Mar 05-07
-  Funding opportunities: NASA, NOAA, DOE

- _

- __

_**Measures**_**:**** **
**Continuous spectrum of solar direct-beam transmission and scattered light at wavelengths, ********= 300-1017 nm**

_**Technology**_**:**** **
**Zeiss Monolithic Miniature Spectrometer, CCD 1044****×****64 pixels, fiber optics, quad detector, custom entrance optics, tracking motors, bearings, seals, flashdisks**

_**Technology Readiness Level**_**:**** **
**Ground-based prototyping**

_**Technical challenges**_**:**
**Tracking accuracy, autonomous sun finding, straylight supression, dynamic range, spectrometer temperature control window frost & dirt, pressure & weather seals.**

**Altair UAV**

_**Ames role**_**:**
**World leader in airborne sunphotometry.**
# Presentation: 855011

## Trilinos User Group Meeting

Thursday, November 8th, 2007

Timothy M. Shead (1424)
Danny Dunlavy (1415)

SAND 2007-7297 P

**Thursday, November 8****th****, 2007**
***Timothy M. Shead (1424)***
**Danny Dunlavy (1415)**
**SAND 2007-7297 P**

- Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company,for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.  This document is SAND Number: 2007-7297 P

**Building Trilinos Using CMake**

## Open-source cross-platform build / test / distribution system.
Win32
Mac OSX
Unix / Linux
Used Extensively Within Sandia
VTK/Titan
ParaView
ThreatView

**Win32**
**Mac OSX**
**Unix / Linux**
**Used Extensively Within Sandia**
**VTK/Titan**
**ParaView**
**ThreatView**

**What is this thing you call CMake?**

## CMake Outside Sandia

***Source: ***_[http://www.cmake.org/Wiki/CMake_Projects](http://www.cmake.org/Wiki/CMake_Projects)_

## Multiple Front-Ends

**Command-line****	**
**Curses**
**Graphical (Win32)**

## Multiple Back-Ends

**Borland Makefiles**
**KDevelop 3**
**MinGW Makefiles**
**MSYS Makefiles**
**NMake Makefiles**
**Unix Makefiles**
**Visual Studio 6**
**Visual Studio 7**
**Visual Studio 7 .NET 2003**
**Visual Studio 8 2005**
**Visual Studio 8 2005 Win64**
**Watcom WMake**
**XCode**

## Regression Testing with CTest

**Tests integrated with the build system**
**Tests can be enabled/disabled based on configuration**
**Tests can be submitted to a Dashboard Server**
**Nightly Builds**
**Continuous Builds**
**Experimental Builds**
**Ex: **_**[VTK Dashboard](http://www.vtk.org/Testing/Dashboard/MostRecentResults-Nightly/Dashboard.html)**_** **
**Ex: **_**[Epetra](http://datamining.sandia.gov:8081/)**__**[ Dashboard](http://datamining.sandia.gov:8081/)**_

## Installation

**Install target**
**Compatible with downstream distribution**
**Builtin prefix support**
**Builtin DESTDIR support**

## Binary Packaging with CPack

**Self-extracting Tar/gzip packages (Unix)**
**Tar/gzip packages (Unix)**
**Tar/bzip2 packages (Unix)**
**ZIP compressed packages (Unix / Win32)**
**NSIS graphical installers (Win32)**
**PackageMaker installers (Mac OSX)**
**X11 Bundles (Mac OSX)**
**Debian Packages (CMake 2.6.0)**
**RPM Packages (CMake 2.6.0)**

## Downloads

**Binary**
**Win32**
**MacOS Universal**
**Linux i386**
**SunOS Sparc**
**IRIX64 64**
**IRIX64 n32**
**HPUX 9000/785**
**AIX PowerPC**
**Source**
**Minimum dependencies: C++ compiler**
**Optional dependencies: Curses, Qt (CMake 2.6)**

## Fabulous Demo Here!
# Presentation: 671422

## Brief Look at RHIC Low Energy Test Run

- June 7, 2007.
- Compiled by: Bill Christie

- Beam Energy: Root(s) = 9.1 GeV
- Only one data file with final trigger setup and full TPC gain. This is Run 8158119.

## Run 8158119: (TPC full gain)

**Run 8158119: (TPC full gain)**
- 2288 BBC-small triggers
-  403 BBC-large triggers
-  214 both bbc s&l
-  1 vpd trigger

## Run 8158115: (TPC gain low)

**Run 8158115: (TPC gain low)**
- - 2015 BBC-small triggers
- 536 BBC-Large triggers
-  310 both bbc s&l
-  1 vpd triggers (+ bbc s&l)

## STAR TPC image of root(s) = 9.91 GeV AuAu Collision

- Taken June 7, 2007.

- Run 8158119, Evt 44

## STAR TPC image of root(s) = 9.91 GeV AuAu Collision

- Taken June 7, 2007.

- Run 8158119, Evt 165

## STAR TPC image of root(s) = 9.91 GeV AuAu Collision

- Taken June 7, 2007.

- Run 8158119, Evt 216

## Scaler plots for a few Low Energy RHIC fills

- As seen in the plot above, the fill length in RHIC for a low Energy (root(s) = 9.1 GeV) RHIC fill is about 10 minutes.

- BBC Small tiles Coin.
- BBC Blue back.
- BBC Yellow back.
# Presentation: 077588

## Open MPI - A High PerformanceMPI-2 Library

- Open MPI - A High PerformanceMPI-2 Library

- Richard L. Graham
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- LA-UR-06-7625

## Open MPI Collaborators

**Notes:**
IBM, University of Dresden (Open Trace format), U Jenna (IPV6 support)

## A Convergence of Ideas

**Robustness**
**(CSU)**

**PACX-MPI**
**(HLRS)**

**LAM/MPI**
**(IU)**

**LA-MPI**
**(LANL)**

**FT-MPI**
**(U of TN)**

**Open MPI**

**Fault**
**Detection**
**(LANL,**
**Industry)**

**Grid**
**(many)**

**Autonomous**
**Computing**
**(many)**

**FDDP**
**(Semi. Mfg.**
**Industry)**

**Resilient**
**Computing**
**Systems**

**OpenRTE**

## Components

**Formalized interfaces**
**Specifies “black box” implementation**
**Different implementations available at run-time**
**Can compose different systems on the fly**

**Interface 1**

**Interface 2**

**Interface 3**

**Caller**

## Current Support

**OS**
**AIX**
**Catamount**
**Linux**
**OS X (BSD)**
**Solaris**
**MS Window**

**Networks**
**TCP**
**Shared memory**
**Myrinet **
**GM, MX**
**Infiniband**
**mVAPI, OpenIB, InfiniPath**
**Portals (flow control)**

**Schedulers**
**rsh / ssh**
**Bproc / Xcpu**
**PBS / Torque**
**SLURM**

**BJS (LANL BProc Clustermatic)**
**YOD (Red Storm)**
**SGE**

## Ping-Pong Latency - 1 Byte(usec)

| MPI Implementation |  |
| --- | --- |
| MX/Open MPI | 3.15 |
| MX/MPICH | 2.97 |
| OpenIB/Open MPI | 3.11 |
| OpenIB/MVAPICH | 3.15 |
| InfiniPath/Open MPI | 1.45 |
| InfiniPath/QLogic | 1.29 |

## Slide 7

## Slide 8

## Slide 9

## MPI Reduce - Performance

## OpenRTE Architecture

## Run-Time Environments

**Daemon and daemon-less modes**
**vs. LAM/MPI**
**Current support**
**rsh / ssh**
**BProc (current)/Xcpu (in Progress)**
**PBS / Torque**
**SLURM**
**BJS (LANL BProc Clustermatic)**
**Yod (Red Storm)**
**SGE**

**Future**
**LSF**
**BProc (Scyld)**
**RMS (Quadrics)**
**Grid (“multi-cell”)**
**Segregate RTE-specific functionality**
**Plugins**
# Presentation: 004603

## Acquisition of an Aberration Corrected Analytical Electron Microscope for Nanocharacterization of Materials

| Performance Metric | Old HB603 STEM | Aberration corrected  HB 603 STEM |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Beam diameter | 1.5 nm FWTM | 0.5nm FWTM
 |
| Beam current | 1nA | 1 nA
 |
| Spatial resolution of X-ray analysis | 2-3nm | 0.5-1nm |
| Stage stability
 | 0.1nm/min
 | 0.1nm/min
 |
| Image resolution
 | 0.4nm
 | <0.2 nm
 |
| Detection Limit | 2-3 atoms in metal thin foil | 1-2 atoms in metal thin foil |

**Acquisition of an Aberration Corrected Analytical Electron Microscope for Nanocharacterization of Materials**
**C.J.Kiely, C.E.Lyman, D.B.Williams, K.I.Winey* and M.Watanabe**
- Lehigh University and * University of Pennsylvania        DMR-MRI Award # 0320906

- This Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) award has allowed us to equip our 300kV HB603 Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) with a Nion aberration corrector that significantly improves its imaging and spectroscopic capabilities.

## Acquisition of an Aberration Corrected Analytical Electron Microscope for Nanocharacterization of Materials

**Acquisition of an Aberration Corrected Analytical Electron Microscope for Nanocharacterization of Materials**
**C.J.Kiely, C.E.Lyman, D.B.Williams, K.I.Winey* and M.Watanabe**
- Lehigh University and * University of Pennsylvania               DMR-MRI Award # 0320906

**Key Result:** Our previous world record for spatial resolution in  X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (XEDS) has been beaten by a factor of 3. This has been achieved by adding a Nion Cs corrector to our HB 603 STEM which reduces the minimum attainable electron probe size from 1.5 to  0.5nm. The graphic below shows a Zr XEDS map taken from  some -’ and   grain boundaries in a Ni based superalloy. Zr atoms segregated to the grain boundary at a level of only about 0.12 monolayers are being detected with an XEDS mapping resolution of 0.5nm.
# Presentation: 531582

## Science Plans: Integrated Analyses

**Testing Closure (Consistency) among Suborbital Results**
_**Testing Chemical-Transport Models**_** **
**Deriving Aerosol Absorbing Fraction (1-SSA) from Radiative Flux and AOD Spectra**
**Assessing Regional Radiative Forcing by Combining Satellite and Suborbital Results**

**Science Plans: Integrated Analyses**

## Comparisons of AOD vertical distributions:

**AATS-14 measurements vs GOCART model**

**[Redemann, Chin et al.]**

## Comparisons of AOD vertical distributions:

**AATS-6 measurements vs CARMA/MATCH model.**
**African dust transported to Puerto Rico**

**[Colarco et al., JGR 2003]**

**Model AOD profiles are labeled by the assumed wet scavenging in the precipitating part of clouds**

## Comparisons of AOD vertical distributions:

**AATS-14 & lidar measurements vs CARMA/MATCH model**

**[Colarco et al., JGR 2005, submitted]**

**Model is of smoke from Siberian fires transported to DOE Southern Great Plains site**

## Elevated layer as seen from Twin Otter on May 27, 2003

**Elevated layer as seen from Twin Otter on May 27, 2003**
**Photo courtesy of Roy Woods**

## http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2003134-0514 

- MODIS 5/14/2003
- http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2003134-0514

## 9 km

- 5 km
- 3 km