# Presentation: 082982

## Integrated Vehicle-Based Safety Systems (IVBSS): Crash Warning Integration Challenges

**Jim Sayer, Ph.D.**
**University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute Human Factors Division**

## Current AVST Interfaces

**Driver assistance/warning systems are slowly coming to market for light vehicles**
**Lane departure warning**
**Forward collision warning/mitigation **
**Generally these new systems are offered in isolation**
**Relatively “easy” to contend with one system**
**“****Only one system, only one alert, only one response” **

## Future AVST Interfaces

**Interfaces, and warning strategies, vary widely**
**Use of visual, audio or haptic modalities**
**Warning only, warn and intervene**
**What happens when multiple warning systems are on one vehicle?**
**Lane departure, lane change/merge, forward collision, curve speed, etc. warning systems**

## The Integration Challenges

**Choice reaction time task**
**More than one stimulus alternative, more than one response alternative**
**How do you accurately convey the warning**
**Where is attention needed, or possibly how to react**
**Will drivers respond appropriately to multiple rare events**
**How will warnings be arbitrated?**
**When multiple threats exist, which warning is presented**
**Can warnings be effective in series**

## The Integration Challenges

**Can adjustments be made to multiple systems?**
**Sufficient space, driver understanding and recall**
**Do adaptive systems have to provide any adjustment**
**Can multi-staged warnings be used?**
**Imminent only to reduced false/nuisance alarms**
**Two stage warnings to increase driver familiarity**
**What are the cumulative effects of warnings?**
**Might the total number of warnings overwhelm drivers**
**Could one marginal system negate trust in other systems**

## Some Current Efforts

**Limited guidance is available**
**Either basic and applied research**
**Battelle report**
**Integrated Vehicle-Based Safety Systems Field Operational Test (IVBSS FOT)**
**Cooperative agreement between U.S. DOT and a team led by UMTRI**
**Integrate lane departure, lane change/merge, forward collision, curve speed warning**
**In both passenger cars and commercial trucks**

## IVBSS Sensor Configuration

**IVBSS Sensor Configuration**

## Some IVBSS Research Questions

**When there are multiple threats should:**
**Only 1 warning be presented or,**
**Subsequent warnings presented with a delay**
**Auditory warning characteristics:**
**Can warning localization convey threat type**
**Effects of repetitions and pauses in warnings**
**Urgency vs. annoyance trade-off**
**Recognition and reaction time to earcons vs. more abstract tones**

**T&L 1**

- _[T&L 5](file:///../../../Jim/Desktop/TanL_STIM_5.WAV)_

**LDW Imminent**

- _[FCW Imminent](file:///../../../Jim/Desktop/FCW%20Imminent.wav)_

- _[RDCW Simulator Rumble](file:///../../../Jim/Desktop/RDCW_Sim_Rumble.wav)_

- _[Vorad Alert 1](file:///../../../Jim/Desktop/Vorad_Alert_1.wav)_

- _[LCW rumble](file:///../../../Jim/Desktop/LCW_rumble.wav)_

**LDW rumble 2**

- _[Alert 22331312](file:///../../../Jim/Desktop/AlertX_SqHarLL007FlatUnE.wav)_

- _[Alert 1211211](file:///../../../Jim/Desktop/AlertX_SnHarHH005FlatEvn.wav)_

**Alert**
**12312311**

**Alert**
**12322122**

**Alert**
**12133322**

**Alert**
**11321321**

**Notes:**
In this chart, demonstrate the sounds embedded in the plot  insert them into the plot to demonstrate.

## Earcons vs. Abstract Tones

**Lane departure examples:  **
**earcon         abstract**
**As a group, earcons:**
**Took less time to learn,**
**Had the fewest number of errors,**
**Had the shortest reaction times**

## Simulator Testing

**Examine responses to multiple warnings**
**Warning confusability**
**Varied timing between warnings**
**General strategy of grouping warnings**
**Warnings associated with longitudinal control**
**Forward crash warning, curve speed warning**
**Decrease your speed**
**Warnings associated with lateral control**
**Lateral drift warning, lane change/merge**
**Remain in your lane**

## Overall

**Integrated warning systems interfaces pose a significant challenge**
**There very little research in this area**
**Training will become increasingly important**
**Example anti-lock braking systems**
**Common approaches across the industry will become increasingly important**
**Shift toward crash mitigation over warning systems will help**

## Questions?

- jimsayer@umich.edu