# Presentation: 904912

## The NOx Global Prototype

- Ted Thrasher
- March 6, 2006

## Overview

- The Team
- The Objective
- The Approach
- The Result
- The Context for AEDT

## The Team

- The NOx Prototype Development Team:
- FAA Office of Environment and Energy (sponsor)
- USDOT Volpe Center
- ATAC Corporation
- CSSI, Inc.
- Wyle Laboratories

## The Objective

- Develop a system for assessing aviation noise and emissions interdependencies
- The 35th Session of the ICAO Assembly (A35) established 6 Strategic Objectives to “achieve its vision of safe, secure and sustainable development of civil aviation through cooperation amongst its member States”
- Strategic Objective C, *Environmental Protection *
*Minimize the adverse effect of global civil aviation on the environment, *will be attained, in part, by developing, adopting, and promoting new or amended measures to:
- limit or reduce the number of people affected by significant aircraft noise
**limit or reduce the impact of aviation emissions on local air quality**; and
- limit or reduce the impact of aviation greenhouse gas emissions on the global climate
- Demonstrate the ability to model the effects of imposing an emissions stringency on aircraft
- Demonstrate progress toward developing a suite of tools to assess noise and emissions interdependencies

## The Approach

- Derived schedule of operations
- Baseline and future cases
- Developed replacements database
- Compiled an airport database
- New software to
- Model delays
- Model aircraft performance
- Model aircraft emissions
- Generate reports

## Operations

- Modified existing software to apply the FESG forecast to
- Actual operations (ETMS) and
- Scheduled operations (IOAG)
- Resulted in a _schedule_ of operations
- For emissions, the exact aircraft/engine combination is necessary
- Registration data used to determine distribution of airframe/engine combinations based on generic ETMS/IOAG types
- Example:  American Airlines B752 =
- 	11% B757-200 with PW2037 engines
- 	2%   B757-200 with PW2040 engines
- 	87% B757-200 with RB211-535E4-B engines
- Origin and Destination airport information preserved
- Takeoff weight estimated based on trip length

## Replacements Database

- Fleet registration data provided aircraft age
- Developed a database of aircraft replacements for future scenarios based on available FESG data

## Airport Database

- Airport database developed with global coverage (32,000+ airports)
- Key parameters for NOx Prototype
- Airport elevation
- Average annual temperature
- Average annual pressure
- Average annual humidity
- Supports aircraft performance calculations
- Input to Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 for emissions
- Multiple identifiers for the same airport
- IOAG uses IATA (non-unique) identifier + country
- ETMS uses ICAO, FAA, and IATA
- Airport database was needed to resolve airport ambiguities

## Delay Modeling

- Where airport capacity data were available, taxi-in/out times were calculated in 1-hour increments, aggregated to annual average values
- Airborne arrival delays were also computed

## Aircraft Performance

**SAE-AIR-1845 Performance +**
** ****BADA Fuel Using EDMS**

**BADA Only**
**Using SAGE**

## Emissions Calculations

- Emissions were modeled gate-to-gate
- Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 was used for computing emissions

## Generate Reports

- A reporting module was developed to automate the report generation process
- Implemented in EDMS
- Accepts emissions results from SAGE and aggregates with EDMS
- Output is HTML that can be copied into Excel for plotting results

## The Result

- Comprehensive modeling demonstration
- Emissions inventory for the global fleet
- NOx, CO2, H2O
- 2002, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020
- 5 – 30% NOx stringencies
- 3,000 feet and below, 10,000 feet and below, total flight

## Looking Beyond the LTO

| NOx Emitted below 3,000 feet AFE – Baseline* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Seat 
Class | 2002 |  | 2006 |  | 2008 |  | 2012 |  | 2016 |  | 2020 |  |
|  | Short
Tons | % | Short
tons | % | Short
tons | % | Short
Tons | % | Short
tons | % | Short
Tons | % |
| 20 – 99 | ~~~~~~ | 1% | ~~~~~~ | 1% | ~~~~~~ | 1% | ~~~~~~ | 1% | ~~~~~~ | 1% | ~~~~~~ | 2% |
| 100 – 210 | ~~~~~~ | 5% | ~~~~~~ | 5% | ~~~~~~ | 5% | ~~~~~~ | 5% | ~~~~~~ | 5% | ~~~~~~ | 5% |
| 211 – 650 | ~~~~~~ | 3% | ~~~~~~ | 3% | ~~~~~~ | 3% | ~~~~~~ | 4% | ~~~~~~ | 4% | ~~~~~~ | 4% |
| Total | ~~~~~~ | 10% | ~~~~~~ | 10% | ~~~~~~ | 10% | ~~~~~~ | 10% | ~~~~~~ | 10% | ~~~~~~ | 10% |
| NOx Emitted below 10,000 feet AFE – Baseline* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Seat 
Class | 2002 |  | 2006 |  | 2008 |  | 2012 |  | 2016 |  | 2020 |  |
|  | Short
Tons | % | Short
Tons | % | Short
tons | % | Short
tons | % | Short
tons | % | Short
tons | % |
| 20 – 99 | ~~~~~~ | 2% | ~~~~~~ | 2% | ~~~~~~ | 2% | ~~~~~~ | 2% | ~~~~~~ | 2% | ~~~~~~ | 2% |
| 100 – 210 | ~~~~~~ | 9% | ~~~~~~ | 8% | ~~~~~~ | 8% | ~~~~~~ | 8% | ~~~~~~ | 8% | ~~~~~~ | 8% |
| 211 – 650 | ~~~~~~ | 5% | ~~~~~~ | 5% | ~~~~~~ | 5% | ~~~~~~ | 6% | ~~~~~~ | 6% | ~~~~~~ | 7% |
| Total | ~~~~~~ | 16% | ~~~~~~ | 16% | ~~~~~~ | 16% | ~~~~~~ | 16% | ~~~~~~ | 16% | ~~~~~~ | 17% |

**Entire flight = 100%**
- LTO only captures 10% of NOx

***  Preliminary data.  Do not cite or quote. **

## Context for AEDT

- NOx Prototype is a huge step toward a noise/emissions tradeoff capability
- In the past year
- Harmonized data between EDMS, INM, MAGENTA, SAGE
- Airports
- Fleet
- Harmonized performance calculations
- Harmonized emissions calculations

## Context for AEDT (continued)

**All 4 core modules of AEDT can “talk” at some level**

- EDS

- APMT

*Noise*

*Emissions*

*AEDT*

- MAGENTA

- INM

- EDMS

- SAGE

- delays

- ops

- emissions above 10k
- weights @ 3k

- performance

- emissions below 3k
- reports

## Context for AEDT (concluded)

- CDA prototype will continue the evolution toward AEDT
- Distributed modules of AEDT benefit from NOx Prototype
- EDMS 5.0 beta used as the NOx Prototype (below 10,000 feet) platform
- INM 7 will include harmonized system tables