# Presentation: 607384

## Data Encryption on NPOESS National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Satellite Direct Readout Users Conferencefor the AmericasCaptain Craig S. Nelson, NOAA (Ret.)Veridian Systems DivisionIntegrated Program Office11 December 2002

- Data Encryption on NPOESS National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Satellite Direct Readout Users Conferencefor the AmericasCaptain Craig S. Nelson, NOAA (Ret.)Veridian Systems DivisionIntegrated Program Office11 December 2002

**Notes:**
In the United States as well as internationally, the public expects to be provided with accurate weather and natural disaster forecasts and warnings. As our ability to predict seasonal-to-interannual climate change--such as El Niño--improves, the public will expect accurate longer-term forecasts as well. These forecasts depend on infrastructure of a different type--satellites, observing systems (e.g., Doppler weather radar and oceanographic buoys), and extensive communications systems. As we enter the 21st Century, the public's expectations for accurate weather and disaster forecasts are becoming greater.  We need to ensure that the necessary infrastructure is provided.  Today, I will spend a few minutes discussing a U.S. tri-agency and international cooperative program that will assist in meeting the demands of the next millennium,... <NEXT SLIDE>

## A Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine Environmental Satellite Activities

_**Mission**_
- Provide a national, operational, polar-orbiting remote-sensing capability
- Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings by _**converging DoD and NOAA satellite programs**_
- Incorporate new technologies from NASA
- Encourage International Cooperation

**Saves  $1.6B through System Life Cycle compared to NPR target of $1.3B**
**NPOESS is Good Government!**

**Notes:**
...establishing the NPOESS program was signed in May 1995.  The Departments of Commerce and Defense and NASA created the NPOESS Integrated Program Office (IPO) to develop, acquire, manage, and operate the next generation of polar-orbiting operational environmental satellites.  As part of this effort, the United States has partnered with the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) to provide long-term continuity of observations from polar orbit that will continue and improve the operational meteorological and environmental forecasting and global climate monitoring services of the participating organizations.
NPOESS is well positioned to meet its mission.
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## NPOESS

**NPOESS is required to provide an **_**OPERATIONAL**_** remote sensing capability to acquire and receive in ****real-time at field terminals****, and to ****acquire, store and disseminate to processing centers****, **_**GLOBAL**_** and **_**REGIONAL**_** environmental imagery and specialized **_**METEOROLOGICAL**_**, **_**CLIMATIC**_**, **_**TERRESTRIAL**_**, **_**OCEANOGRAPHIC**_** and **_**SOLAR-GEOPHYSICAL**_** and other data in support of **_**CIVILIAN**_** and **_**NATIONAL**__** **__**SECURITY**_** missions**

**Notes:**
NPOESS will provide an operational remote sensing capability for the next millennium.  NOESS will acquire and receive, in real time at field terminals, and to acquire, store and disseminate to processing centers, global and regional environmental imagery and specialized meteorological, climatic, terrestrial, oceanographic and solar-geophysical and other data in support of DoC mission requirements, and DoD peacetime and wartime missions

## National Importance

**Civilian Community**** **
**Timely, accurate, and cost-effective public warnings and forecasts of severe weather events, reduce the potential loss of human life and property and advance the national economy**
**Support of general aviation, agriculture, and maritime communities aimed at increasing U.S. productivity**
**Commitment to support long-term data continuity for environmental monitoring and Global Change assessment**
**Military Community**
**Shift tactical and strategic focus from “coping with weather” to anticipating and exploiting atmospheric and space environmental conditions**

**NPOESS Goal:  Improve the Nation’s Space-Based, Remote Sensing Capabilities for Environmental Monitoring**

**Notes:**
The goal of converging these two systems is to improve the Nation’s space-based, remote sensing capabilities for environmental monitoring, to meet not only civil requirements, but the requirement’s of the Nation’s military as well.

## Establishing NPOESS

**National Space Council Study - 1992**
**National Performance Review (NPR) - September 1993**
- Identified Need for Coordinated Effort
**OSTP Convergence Implementation Plan submitted to Congress - May 1994**
_**Presidential Decision Directive/NSTC-2 - May 1994**_
- Directed Convergence of  National Assets

_**Tri-agency Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) - May 1995**_
- Established Roles and Responsibilities of Department of Defense, Department of Commerce, and NASA
**EUMETSAT/NOAA Initial Joint Polar Agreement - November 1998**
- Future International Cooperation

**Notes:**
...in May 1994, a convergence plan was submitted to the U.S. Congress stating, NPOESS can “Reduce the cost of acquiring and operating polar-orbiting environmental satellite systems, while continuing to satisfy U.S. operational requirements for data from these systems.”
President Clinton endorsed this initiative, signing Presidential Decision Directive NSTC-2 “...establishing a single, converged, operational system [that] can reduce duplication of efforts in meeting common requirements while satisfying the unique requirements of the civil and national security communities.” 
and the Tri-agency Memorandum of Agreement (MOA),
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## NPOESS Data Policies

**Policies Established by Presidential Decision Directive**
_**Assured access**_** to operational environmental data will be provided to meet civil and national security requirements and **_**international obligations**_
**The United States will ensure its ability to **_**selectively deny critical environmental data**_** to an adversary during crisis or war yet ensure the use of such data by the U.S. and its Allies.  Such data will be made available to other users when it no longer has military utility.**

_**Normal Operations**_** - NPOESS data will be broadcast without encryption**
**International Community will have Free and Open Access to all data from NPOESS satellites!**

## NPOESS Data Policies

**Operating Principles defined in Memorandums of Agreement**
**NPOESS will establish a civilian interface ****(NOAA)**** to national and ****international civil users**** to promote its **_**open character.**_
**NPOESS will be able to **_**implement data denial**_** as directed by the Secretary of Defense in consultation with the Secretaries of Commerce and State.**
**In the event that a foreign satellite is part of NPOESS, the operations concept will include the details of data denial implementation of any U.S. instruments on a foreign satellite (e.g., EUMETSAT’s Metop series) in accordance with applicable agreements.**

**All data from NPOESS satellites will be provided to users in accordance with the U.S. data policy**

## NPOESS Architecture

**C3 Segment**

**WSC**** ****LEO&A**
**Backup T&C**

**MMC at Suitland**
**Flight Operations Team**

**MMC at Schriever**
**Alternate Operations Team**

***15 Globally Distributed Receptor Sites***

**SMD – Ka-band/>150 Mbps**
**(Full set of 55 EDRs)**

**Svalbard**
**Primary T&C**
**NPP SMD**

## Field Terminals are an integral part of NPOESS

## Selective Data Encryption

**NPOESS will be capable of encrypting selected mission data in all satellite links**
**Excluding SARSAT and ADCS real-time downlinks**
**Encryption commanding selectable by:**
**High Rate Data (HRD); Low Rate Data (LRD); Stored Mission Data (SMD)**
**Area (Globally or Geographic Regions)**
**Instrument suite/mission data type**
**Ground facility/end user ID**
**Authorized Users of registered real-time Field Terminals (HRD/LRD) will have capability to automatically decrypt the data downlinks**
**Decryption software/keys provided by NPOESS Integrated Program Office (IPO) to authorized/registered users**
**Authorization/Registration and Key Control maintained by NPOESS IPO**

_**Restricted Operations**_** - NPOESS data will be broadcast with encryption**
**Authorized/Registered Users in the International Community will have Access to encrypted data from NPOESS satellites**

## NPOESS Benefits

- Weather permeates all aspects of military operations
- NPOESS data will provide situational awareness
- Situational Awareness is critical to
- Combat Planning
- Air Superiority
- Winning the War

- Accurate forecasts are critical to the protection of life, safety, and property
- NPOESS data will improve forecasts and warnings
- Improved forecasts will
- Reduce loss of life and property
- benefit US industry through increased productivity
- NPOESS will maintain long-term data continuity for climate monitoring and assessment