# Presentation: 170374

## The Next Air Monitoring Strategy: Linking Agencies, Disciplines, Media and Global Communities...and the National Academy of Sciences, accountability and world peace.

- Rich Scheffe, EPA; Rudy Husar, Washington University; Jim Szykeman, EPA, Fred Dimmick, EPA; Steve Fine, NOAA, Steve Young, EPA

## How Encompassing?

## http://www.igospartners.org/

- http://earthobservations.org/

- http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/monstratdoc.html

**National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy**
- Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
- Research Triangle Park, NC
- December 2005

- http://www.al.noaa.gov/AQRS/
- reports/monitoring.html

- http://www.empa.ch/gaw/gawsis/

- http://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/

- http://www.emep.int/

**CENR/AQRS**

**GEOSS**

**NOAA CMDL**

- NOAA NESDIS

**EMEP**

## Sequence

- Context, rationale setting
- Examples
- Strategic elements

## Context Setting

- Charged by CASAC monitoring subcommittee that endorsed National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy (NAAMS), and recommended expansion to integrate across multiple organizations and disciplines (e.g., atmospheric research, ecosystems)
- Air Quality Research Subcommittee (AQRS) of the Committee for Environment Natural Resources (CENR) request to develop a broad inter-agency observation strategy

## Linking Themes(or air quality assessment future)

- Spatial scales
- Hemispherical-Continental-national/regional-urban-local  {global(1000km) –synoptic (100km) – meso 10km)}
- Increasing importance of Global and local (near roadway phenomena)
- Climate-AQ-long range transport interactions and C balances
- Multiple Media
- air – land/soil – water
- deposition, ecosystem and environmental welfare needs elevated
- Facilitates integration of observations
- Composition...Multiple pollutant
-  chemical (compounds, aggregate groupings)
-  physical (size distribution)
- Builds a MP assessment focus and links with transport and MM needs
- Time
- Current (forecasting, problem definition, strategy development basis)
- Retrospective
- Prospective

- Challenge’  How to accommodate global and local scales?

- Next AQ challenges:  Near Roadway and International Transport

## Stars aligned?

## Apparent divergences?

## Or substantial convergence and optimization potential?

- Common data

- Client Data Overlaps

## For instance,

- Health
-  effects/outcomes associations (PHASE)
- Public health warnings/forecasting
- Air program support
- defining attainment/nonattainment areas
- 	(and projection, *current practice*)
-  developing emission strategies
- accountability
- Environmental
- Ecosystem deposition assessments/support
- AQ trends in National Parks
- Regional haze assessments
- Atmospheric science
- Diagnosing emissions and models

- Benefit from
- Air quality
- characterizations

- And benefit even more
-  from rich (t,s,c)
-  AQ characterizations

## Consequently

- A simple overarching goal or vision,
- Strive for maximum and efficient AQ characterization in time, space and compositional terms

## Examples

## http://www.igospartners.org/

- http://earthobservations.org/

- http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/monstratdoc.html

**National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy**
- Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
- Research Triangle Park, NC
- December 2005

- http://www.al.noaa.gov/AQRS/
- reports/monitoring.html

- http://www.empa.ch/gaw/gawsis/

- http://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/

- http://www.emep.int/

**CENR/AQRS**

**GEOSS**

**NOAA CMDL**

- NOAA NESDIS

**EMEP**

## Coordinating Earth Observing Systems 

**Terrestrial**

**Airborne**

**Near-Space**

**LEO/MEO Commercial Satellites and Manned Spacecraft**

**Far-Space**

**L1/HEO/GEO TDRSS & Commercial**
**Satellites**

**Deployable **

**Permanent **

**Coordinating Earth Observing Systems**** **

**Forecasts & Predictions**

**Aircraft/Balloon Event Tracking and Campaigns**

**User**
** ****Community**

**Vantage Points**

**Capabilities**

## Demonstrating the Power of Integrating Air Quality Information through Partnerships

## `

**Products**

**Products**

**State & Local **

**Canadian**
** ****Providences**

**NOAA**
**NWS**

**HHS**
**CDC-EPHTN**

- Aerosol Optical Depth
- (GASP)

**TERRA MODIS**

**AQUA MODIS**

**Products**

- CMAQ Forecast Data

**US EPA**
**AQS**

**Products**

- SLAMS/NAMS SURACE  PM2.5 Data

**Air Quality/Public Health NTO Integrated Observed-Modeled Air Quality Fields**

**Products**

- Spatial surface Predictions Satellite/Model/Surface Data Fusion

**State Public**
** ****Health**
** ****Departments**

**~10:30 local overpass**

**~1:30 local overpass**

- Algorithms/QA

**NASA**
**GFSC**
**Science Team**

**NASA**
**GFSC**
**DACC**

- *Note: Regional East Atmospheric Lidar Mesonet (REALM) is university led federated network by UMBC and is identified as a NTO in the implementation plan.

**Products **

- Aerosol Optical Depth
- (MOD04_L2)

**NOAA**
**NESDIS**

**NOAA**
**NESDIS/ORA &**
**CREST Institutes**

**?**
**UMBC**
**CREST Institute**

**GEOS-12**

**CONUS every 30 minutes**

**REALM**

**Continuous Vertical**
**Resolution Data**

**Products**

- Algorithms/QA

**EPA**
**OAR & ORD**

**Products**

- CMAQ Assessment Data

**Products**

- Studies and Impacts to human health

**US EPA **
**OAQPS/ORD/OEI**
**RSI Gateway**

## Future Air Quality Predictions Will Likely Benefit from Assimilation 

**Public **
**Impact**

**Scientific**
**Understanding**

**Global **
**Assimilation**

**CMAQ **
**Regional**
**Prediction**

**Satellite Data**
**Products**

**Current research is being conducted with  a nested global- to regional-scale meteorological and chemical modeling system for assimilating and predicting the chemical state of the atmosphere (air quality).**

- Future Air Quality Predictions Will Likely Benefit from Assimilation
- of Satellite Observations to provide Modeling Constraints and Merging of Global and Regional Chemical Transport Models

## We Take Advantage of the Strengths of Each Data Type by Analyzing the Data Together

**All of the data combined indicate that the increased levels of fine particles measured on July 21, 2004 in North Carolina were due to the Alaskan fire event.  **

## Slide 20

## Arithmetic injustice

- Greater than 95% of air pollutant mass is located above 100m, yet we focus 95 % of our characterization on the bottom 10 meters
- 	{compromises both predictive and current characterization phenomena}

## Why is this important?

- Competing demands of representativeness (t,s,c) and truth require complimentary use of predictive and observational tools

## The Public Health Air Surveillance Evaluation (PHASE) Project

- Collaboration between the US EPA and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
***Fusion application: Develop and evaluate alternative air quality characterization methods for environmental public health tracking***
- Air Pollutants
- Ozone and Particulate Matter
- Health Endpoints
- Asthma and Cardio Vascular Disease
- Working with 3 CDC State Partners
- Maine
- New York
- Wisconsin
- Much broader spin off applications

## Daily PM2.5 Concentration (ug/m3) Sept. 12, 2001 EPA FRM Monitoring Data and CMAQ

## Strategy Elements

- Inventory/cataloguing of what we have
- Existing strategies (NAAMS, IGACOS, GEOSS,...)
- Existing networks/obs. systems
- How expansive?
- Stating objectives, goals questions
- Identification of integration drivers
- Identification of critical information gaps
- e.g., vertical profiles, rural sites
- Information technology solutions
- Roles of existing structures
- GEOSS, CENR, EPA/STAPPA/Tribal, ...., CASAC, NPS
- AQ forecasting
- Implementation plan
- Recommendations
- Schedules
- roles

## Preliminary Suggestions

- Strengthen horizontal, ground based connections
- Work through CENR/AQRS to integrate across agencies and media?
- Start connecting ground and total column
- Build on NAAMS and IGACO structures
- Similarity in key species (Level 2)
- Enhance vertical profile resolution
- Integrating ground based lidars, sondes
- Routine aircraft (MOZAIC/IAGOS)
- Additional species?
- Develop data-model fusion protocols
- Build on PHASE success
- Incorporating routine AQ model forecasting results
- Advance to true chemical data assimilation
- Expand to International/hemispherical integration
- NARSTO to LRTAP?
- Common challenges and information sources
- Organize Information Technology infrastructure
- Deal with massive data quantities
- Facillitate access and interpretabilit
- Data-Fed, Fed. Architecure, ESIP, RSIG
- Uphold positive cultural change
- Up with collaboration
- Down with empire building

## Common parameters linking column totals and surface measurements

## Issues

- Accommodating bottom –up and top-down approaches
- E.g., importance of local scales for near roadway and HAPs related exposures and hemispherical scales for regional transport impacts
- Stovepipes..Breaking the single project, single agency focus
- Difficult to develop ownership of elements that enable substantial synergistic benefits for multiple clients
- IT support; vertical chemical profiling, fusion
- Complexity due to enormous scope and numerous entities

## Organizations

**Eco-informatic**
**Test beds**

**Accountability/**
**indicators**

**SIPs, nat. rules**
**designations**

**PHASE**

**PM research**

**Risk/exposure**
**assessments**

**AQ **
**forecasting**

**EPA**

**NOAA**

**NASA**

**NPS**

**USDA**

**DOE**

**Private**
**Sector**

**States/Tribes/RPO’s**
**Interstate orgs.**

**Academia**

**NARSTO**

**NAS, CAAAC**
**CASAC, OMB**

**Enviros**

**Supersites**

**IMPROVE, NCore**
**PM monit, PAMS**

**CASTNET**

**Lidar**
**systems**

**NADP**

**Satellite data**

**Intensive studies**

**PM centers**

**Other networks:**
**SEARCH, IADN..**

**Organizations**

**Programs**

**Data sources**

**CMAQ**
**GEOS-CHEM**

**Emissions**
**Meteorology**

**NAAQS**
**setting**

**CDC**

**Health/mort.**
**records**

- Coordination
- Cluster
- Mess

## I think we need an IT solution to glue this mess together...

##  Information Landscape: Info System Data Access, Processing and Products

-  Information Landscape: Info System Data Access, Processing and Products

## Or does the IT world create their own mess?

- Data Fed
- RSIG
- ESIP
- Federation Architecture
- AQS
- AIRNOW
- Data Mart
- Data Warehouse
- VIEWS

## Accountabiltyfor the AQ Manager

**Is the air is cleaner and safer to breath?**
**Can an integrated monitoring-modeling approach measure this?**** **

- Accountability as a program vehicle to accommodate enhanced assessment change?

## Accountability and Indicators Pipeline

**Direct NO**, SO2, VOC,
- CO, metals,

- _Ambient precursors and intermediates_
**NO**, NOy, CO, VOC, SO2, metals,
- radicals, peroxides

- _Ambient target species_
**O3**, PM, HAPs

- _Health effects_
- Asthma,
- cardio-pulmonary ↓,
- Cancer, death

- _Ecosystem + effects_
- Defoliation, ***Visibility***
- ↓ biodiversity,
- Metals concentration

- Perceived (measured?)
- Life quality

- Increasing influence in
- confounding factors and
- perceived value to public policy

- Increasing confidence
- In characterization

- _Secondary and deposition loads_
***Visibility***, acidification, eutrophication, metals

- _Exposures_
- Inhalation, digestion

- _Accountability and Indicators Pipeline_

**Feedback/correction**

## What it amounts to...

- Communication, connectivity, synergism