# Presentation: 323610

## Regional/National Level of TARNS System  CONOPS in the United States 

**Richard H. Hagemeyer**
**Pacific Tsunami Warning Center **
**Regional/National Level of TARNS System  CONOPS in the United States***** ***
**Charles S. McCreery, PTWC Director**
***TSUNAMI ALERT RAPID NOTIFICATION SYSTEM (TARNS) ***
***FIRST WORKSHOP:  SYSTEM DESIGN AND PLAN***
*** ***
***24-27 May, 2006, Sailom Hotel in Hua Hin******, ******Thailand ***

## PTWC Area of Responsibility

***Puerto Rico & Virgin Islands***
***&***
***Caribbean***
***(Interim)***

***Indian Ocean (Interim)***

***WC/ATWC AOR***

***U.S./Canada Atlantic and Gulf Coasts***

***HAWAII:***
***Local, Regional, & Distant Tsunamis***

***PACIFIC BASIN:***
***Regional and Distant Tsunamis***

**PTWC Area of Responsibility**

***S. China Sea (Interim)***

***JMA:  NWPTAC & Indian Ocean (Interim)***

## PTWC KEY OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES

**SEISMIC DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSES**
**TSUNAMI WAVE MEASUREMENTS**
**DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES**
**MESSAGE CREATION & DISSEMINATION**

## KEY OPERATIONAL GOALS

**FASTER**
**MORE ACCURATE**
**MORE RELIABLE**
**MORE EFFECTIVE**

## THE GENERAL CONCEPT

**PTWC**

**Designated**
**Government**
**Authority**

**Public**

**Threat Evaluation **

**Evacuation Decision**

**Safety Response**

## TWO GENERAL CASES

**Local Tsunami**
** ****Must Respond in Minutes from Earthquake**
** ****No Time for Official Decisions**
** ****Immediate Public Alerting Necessary**
** ****Automatic Public Evacuation Required **
**Regional or Teletsunami**
** ****Must Respond within a Few Hours at Most**
** ****More Time for Official Decisions**
** ****More Time to Alert and Instruct Public**
** ****Organized Evacuation Possible**

## PTWC OPERATIONS 

**FOR A **
**TELETSUNAMI **

## Historical Tsunami Epicenters

## Slide 9

## Slide 10

## Slide 11

## Slide 12

## RESPONSE TIME TO ALARMS

**OPS**
**CENTER**

**QUARTERS**
**1**

**QUARTERS**
**2**

**QUARTERS**
**5**

**QUARTERS**
**3**

**QUARTERS**
**4**

**2005****:****	****30 SEC DURING NORMAL WORK HOURS **
**	****2 MIN DURING AFTER HOURS (FM QUARTERS)**
**2006****: 30 SEC AT ALL TIMES (24X7 STAFFING)**

**RESPONSE TIME TO ALARMS**

## PACIFIC EVENT ALARMS 

| TYPE | DATA | TIMING |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Big Island Amplitude | GSN / IMS Broadband | 2-7 min |
| Automatic Loc & Mag | PTWC and HVO SP | 5-15 min |
| HON LP | PTWC HON LP | 7-20 min |
| Coastal Sea Level | NOS Gauges | 15 min – 1 hour* |
| Deep Ocean Sea Level | Hawaii DART | 15 min – 2 hours* |

**SEISMIC**

**SEA LEVEL**

** for areas with coverage*

## Slide 15

## ANALYSTS REVIEW & REVISION (1-3 MIN) 

**VERIFY ITS A LARGE PACIFIC EARTHQUAKE.**
**SELECT FROM AUTOMATIC HYPOCENTERS.**
**REVISE HYPOCENTER WITH ADDITIONAL DATA.**
**INTERACTIVELY COMPUTE MAGNITUDES.**
**DECIDE BEST HYPOCENTER AND MAGNITUDE.**
**COMPARE TO CRITERIA AND ISSUE MESSAGE.**

## Slide 17

## Slide 18

## PTWC PACIFIC BULLETIN CRITERIA

| Mw less than 6.5
(Mw: Moment Magnitude) | Earthquake Message Only |
| --- | --- |
| Mw 6.5 to 7.5 | Tsunami Information Bulletin |
| Mw 7.6 to 7.8 | Regional Tsunami Warning
(1000-km Limit) |
| Mw > 7.8 | Expanding Warning / Watch |
| Confirmed Teletsunami | Pacific-Wide Warning |

**PTWC PACIFIC BULLETIN CRITERIA**

## Slide 20

## Slide 21

## Slide 22

## Slide 23

## Slide 24

## Slide 25

## ISSUE MESSAGE & ALERT PUBLIC 

**Public**

**Text **

**Hawaii Civil**
**Defense**

**US Interests**
**in the **
**Pacific**

**Designated**
**Agencies of**
**Countries **

**PTWC**

## Designated Agencies must be prepared with an Operations Plan to respond quickly and alert the public when necessary based upon the information received from PTWC and any supplemental data or information they may receive.  This could include advice from local experts. 

## Slide 28

## PTWC OPERATIONS 

**FOR A **
**LOCAL HAWAII TSUNAMI **

## HAWAII LOCAL TSUNAMI THREAT

- REPEAT OF 1868 OR 1975

- KONA

- HILO

- ~15 MINUTES
- TRAVEL TIME

## HAWAII REGIONAL TSUNAMI THREAT

- SOUTHWEST COAST EVENT

- HONOLULU

- ~30 MINUTES
- TRAVEL TIME

## HAWAII EVENT ALARMS 

| TYPE | DATA | TIMING |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Big Island Amplitude | CREST Broadband | 20-30 sec |
| Automatic Loc & Mag | PTWC and HVO SP | 20-30 sec |
| HON SP/LP | PTWC HON SP & LP | 1 min |
| Runup | Runup Detectors | 2-10 min |
| Coastal Sea Level | NOS Gauges | 5-10 min |
| Deep Ocean Sea Level | Hawaii DART | 5-10 min |

**SEISMIC**

**SEA LEVEL**

## RESPONSE TIME TO ALARMS

**OPS**
**CENTER**

**QUARTERS**
**1**

**QUARTERS**
**2**

**QUARTERS**
**5**

**QUARTERS**
**3**

**QUARTERS**
**4**

**NOW****:****	****30 SEC DURING NORMAL WORK HOURS **
**	****2 MIN DURING AFTER HOURS (FM QUARTERS)**
**2006****: 30 SEC AT ALL TIMES (24X7 STAFFING)**

**RESPONSE TIME TO ALARMS**

## ANALYSTS REVIEW & REVISION (1-3 MIN) 

**VERIFY ITS AN ACTUAL LOCAL EARTHQUAKE.**
**SELECT FROM AUTOMATIC HYPOCENTERS.**
**REVISE HYPOCENTER WITH ADDITIONAL DATA.**
**INTERACTIVELY COMPUTE MAGNITUDES.**
**DECIDE BEST HYPOCENTER AND MAGNITUDE.**
**CHECK RUNUP AND SEA LEVEL DATA.**
**COMPARE TO CRITERIA AND ISSUE MESSAGE.**

## HAWAII BULLETIN CRITERIA

| Mag 4 - 6.8
 | Earthquake Message Only |
| --- | --- |
| Mag 4 - 6.8 with runup or coastal gauge signal | Warning to nearest counties |
| Mw 6.9 – 7.5 | Warning to nearest counties |
| Mw > 7.5 | Statewide Warning |
| Confirmed Major Local Tsunami | Statewide Warning |

**HAWAII BULLETIN CRITERIA**

## ISSUE MESSAGE & ALERT PUBLIC 

**Public**

**Voice **

**Text **

**PTWC**

## The Public must be educated to respond immediately based upon having felt shaking from the earthquake and upon hearing sirens, EAS, or NWR alerts.  There is no time to verify the warning or wait for instructions. 

## Slide 38

## 100% OPERATIONAL RELIABILITY

**POWER****:  All operational systems on a central UPS backed up by a generator with one week of fuel.**
**CENTER HARDWARE****:  Hardware duplicated into primary and redundant systems. **
**DATA SOURCES****:  Seismic and sea level data come from multiple sources. **
**DATA COMMUNICATIONS****:  Data is sent to PTWC over multiple links whenever possible.**

## 100% OPERATIONAL RELIABILITY

**DATA PROCESSING****:  Multiple algorithms for EQ detection, alerting, locations, magnitudes, and model guidance.**
**MESSAGING****:  Multiple dissemination methods to reach designated contact points by multiple means.**
**DUTY PERSONS****:  Two persons always on duty on the Center compound.**
**BACKUP CENTER****:  PTWC and WC/ATWC provide backup service for each other.**

## LONG TERM SUSTAINABILITY

**NATIONAL SUPPORT****:  National commitment to Center operations.  As a part of the US National Weather Service, certain resources and expertise are shared with this organization that also does 24x7 monitoring of the environment and issues advisories, watches, and warnings.**
**ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT****:  Organizations of stakeholders such as ITSU (international), NTHMP (national), and TTRC (local) that include emergency managers, warning center operators, and scientists provide authoritative sustained focus on tsunami issues.**

## LONG TERM SUSTAINABILITY

**MULTI-FUNCTION SEISMIC****:  Seismic stations operated by multiple organizations for multiple purposes including earthquake monitoring, volcano monitoring, and geophysical research.**
**MULTI-FUNCTION SEA LEVEL****:  Sea level stations operated by multiple organizations for multiple purposes including tides, storm surge, El Ni****ño, and long-term sea level rise****.**
**MULTI-FUNCTION COMMUNICATIONS****:  Data communications methods shared when possible.  Message disseminations over multi-purpose circuits such as GTS, AFTN, EMWIN.**

## Components of a Tsunami Resilient Community

**RESEARCH**
**RESEARCH**

**Components of a Tsunami Resilient Community**

**HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT**

**WARNING GUIDANCE**

**PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE**

**TSUNAMI**
**RESILIENT**
**COMMUNITY**

- Tsunami
- Sources

- Bathymetry
- Topography

- Numerical
- Models

- Forecast
- Models

- Sea Level
- Observations: Coastal and Deep Ocean

- Seismic
- Observations

- Tsunami
- Warning
- Centers

- Forecasts
- And
- Warnings

- Government
- Policy Makers Emergency Managers
- And
- Scientific Advisors

- Inundation and Evacuation Maps

- Education, Training, and Outreach

- Mitigation

- Response Plan

- Historical
- Data

- Other
- Observations

- x Vulnerability
- =
- Risk

## THANK YOU