# Presentation: 360553

## Updates	

- PS-11 (PM CEMS),
- Multi-metals CEMS, Multi-metals Fence Line Monitoring, &
- CEMS Cost Model

## Status of PS – 11 for PM CEMS

- Promulgated January 12, 2004
- PS-11 (initial correlation)
- Procedure 2 (ongoing QA/QC)
- Corrections final November ‘06
- Guidance development
- Spreadsheets, statistical tools, problem troubleshooting
- Final November ‘06

## Applicability of PM CEMS

- Work in any stack where filterable PM stack test (Method 17, Method 5, Method 5B or Method 5i) is used for compliance
- Work in wet or dry stacks
- Some technologies work only in dry stacks and others work in both

## Correlation Testing Requirements

- Calibration gases not feasible
- PM CEMS responses are correlated to reference method for PM concentration using regression analysis
- Minimum of 15 test runs simultaneous with PM CEMS responses
- Low, medium, high levels

## L G & E – Mill Creek

- 7

- 7

## Operational PM CEMS

- Electric utilities (coal)
- Approximately 8 units
- wet stacks and dry stacks
- 4 to 5 have passed audit tests showing stability of correlations
- Pulp mill recovery boiler (spent liquor)
- 3 years of data
- 2 solid/liquid incinerators
- 2 years of data for one
- 15 recent coal-fired utility permits require PM CEMS

## PM CEMS Costs

- First costs $120K (expected to go down 15% next year)
- Includes correlation testing and installation
- Annual costs $40K
- SO2  CEMS costs for comparison
- First costs $134K
- Annual costs $30K
- COMS costs for comparison
- First costs $64K
- Annual costs $13K
- Adjusted PM CEMS costs for elimination of COMS
- First costs $120K - $64K = $56K
- Annual costs $40K - $13K = $27K

## Regulatory Options

- Require PM CEMS
- Deviation regulatory language similar to industrial boiler MACT
- “Deviation not always a violation”
- Or, allow units to have a grace period prior to PM CEMS data becoming enforceable
- Make an option, but not require, PM CEMS for units as a replacement for COMS

## Future PM CEMS Work

- PM 2.5 PM CEMS Development
- Dilution technology
- Sharp cut cyclones
- Beta Gauge for back end gravimetrics
- Baldwin Environmental and Desert Research
- Hope to go to field in ‘08

## Multimetal CEMS

- Eli Lilly Petitioned EPA for Alternative monitoring for their Haz Waste Incinerator in Lafayette, Indiana
- Metals, particulate matter (PM), and HCl/Cl Continuous Monitoring in place of parameters (scrubber flow rates, temperatures,etc.)

## Concept to Proof

- Eli Lilly hired Cooper Environmental
- Met with us and OSWER
- Program designed together
- M-301 testing in the lab to prove quantitative aerosol generator (QAG)
- M-301 testing in the field to prove the multimetals CEMS with the QAG
- Multimetals CEMS called X-ACT
- Non-destructive X-ray Fluorescence analysis (XRF)

## Draft Methods from Program

- Multimetals CEMS Performance Specification
- Multimetals filter method
- Multimetals quantitative aerosol generation method
- HCL low level performance specification

## Multimetal Fence Line Monitoring

- Real-Time Ambient Metals Emissions Apportionment?

## Fugitive Emissions Can Dominate Local Impacts – 

- Fugitive Emissions Can Dominate Local Impacts –

**Blast Furnace Upset**

**School**

**Doctors Clinic**

**Stack/Ducted Emissions**

**Not all stacks are created equal**

## Xact CEMS

**Method 301 Validated**

**AMP Approved**

**On-Stack Certified**

**2.5 Years On-Stack Operations**

**Can it be modified for a fence line monitor application?**

## Concentration Range of Interest

**mg/m****3**

**μg/m****3**

**ng/m****3**

**pg/m****3**

**Xact-IAP**
**XFM**

**Fence Line**

**Air Toxics**

**Xact-CEMS**

**Xact-FLM**

**Xact-ATM**

**QAG Validation**

## Why Multi-Metals FLM?

_**Metals**_
**Eight of EPA’s 33 highest concern pollutants**
**High local concentrations**
**Persistent **
**Under reported**
_**Fugitive/Area/Low Emissions**_
**Can dominate local exposure**
**Infrequent/difficult measurements**
**High uncertainty**
_**Stack Emissions**_
**Uncertain, but MM-CEMS available**

## Why Short Term averaging?

**Protect Health**
**Accurate emissions assessment**
**Minimize emissions before they become problem**

## Xact-CEMS to FLM Transition

**Control Module**

**Sampling and Analysis Module**

**Flow Module**

**Inlet**

_**CEMS to FLM Modifications**_** **

**Inlet**

**Tape**

**Time**

**Flow**

**Firmware**

## XACT-FLM SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS

**XACT-FLM SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS**

## WS, WD and MMs Can Provide Accurate Emissions Apportionment

- _WS, WD and MMs_ Can Provide Accurate Emissions Apportionment

**Notes:**
This illustration showing various operations and possible sources within a plant will have or not have an impact on a particular monitor depending on the directional sector from which the wind is reaching the monitor.  This directional dependence of source impacts along with short sampling and analysis times greatly increases a source impact’s “signal to noise” ratio, which is otherwise reduced or blurred with longer sampling times.  With near real-time metals measurements and source apportionment, the plant could use this information to identify problem sources or procedures and correct them before significant exposure has occurred.  With time, problem sources and operations would be eliminated and the community should see a continuing decrease in monitored concentrations.  This feedback to the plant may be one of the more valuable aspects of this kind of monitoring.

## Multiple Species Contribute to Accurate Apportionment 

**Portland, OR CAMS - January 27, 1978**

**Percent PM****2.5**** Mass**

- _Multiple Species_ Contribute to Accurate Apportionment

**Notes:**
This slide illustrates how time variability of multi-element measurements provide an invaluable tool for identifying specific sources or source categories responsible for elemental impacts.  In this case, as the day progresses the impact from a specific ferromanganese furnace (K, Cr, and Mn) decreases due to meteorology/operations while the traffic-related impacts from road dust (Al, Si, Ca,Ti and Fe) and leaded-automobile exhaust (Br and Pb) increase due to meteorology and increasing vehicle miles traveled.  This clear impact from the ferromanganese furnace would not be as apparent in a 24-hour average elemental analysis sample.

## Pseudo-deterministic Receptor Model (PDRM)

**As concentration (ng/m3)**

**Urban Arsenic – Sydney, FL**

**Ondov, U of MD 2005**

**Pseudo-deterministic Receptor Model (PDRM)**

## This Technology Provides a Tool to:

**Assess and protect health**
**Effectively enforce compliance **
**Effectively reduce emissions**
**- ****Near real time response would allow emissions minimization before becoming a problem -**

**Notes:**
Clearly, a multi-metals monitor unlike single species monitors, can provide measurements to not only assess hazardous metal impacts and protect health, but as important can contribute to the identification of specific responsible processes within a plant and as such contribute to the effective reduction of emissions both in the short term as well as long term trends.

## Other Potential Applications

- Air quality and emissions assessment
- Strategy development and regulation setting
- Compliance assurance and enforcement
- Emergency response, clean up and solid waste management

## Possible Discussion Topics

**Regulatory options?**
**How do these options impact measurements?**
**Monitor location and number**
**Reporting times**
**Where to monitor – fence line or local community?**
**How close to fence line to be a “fence line monitor”?**
**Modeling approach**

## Where do we go from here?

## Key Xact-FLM DETECTION LIMITS (μg/m3)*

**     ** _**Element**_**	**** ****	**_**Kimoto****_**	****   **_**Gore****_**	**
- 	**Cr****	****	****   0.002 ****	****     0.001**
**	****As   ****	****              0.001     ****	****     0.0005**** **
**	****Cd ****	****	****   0.01****	****	****     0.005**
**	****Cu   ****	****              0.002    ****	****     0.001**
**	****Pb   ****	****              0.002     ****	****     0.001****	**
**	****Mn   ****	****	****   0.002     ****	****     0.001**
**	****Co   ****	****	****   0.003     ****	****     0.002**
**	****Ni   ****	****              0.002    ****	****     0.001****	**
**	****Se   ****	****              0.001     ****	****     0.0006**
**	****Ag   ****	****              0.009****	****     0.004**
**	****Sb   ****	****              0.03****	****	****     0.01**
-             **Range of Interest: 0.01 to 1,000 μg/m****3**
-      *95% confidence, interference free
-       **60 minute sampling and analysis, 40 lpm/cm2

## Comparison of Emission Estimating Models

_**Measured Impact**_

_**Model**_

_**Product**_

## CEMS Revised Cost Model

## CEMS Revised Cost Model

- Crude Computer model early 90’s for SO2 and NOx
- 1998 – Updated Menu driven model with real cost data and questionnaire information
- 2006 – Updated cost information
- Added Bag leak detectors and Hg CEMS
- Split PM CEMS into several categories
- Xcel Spreadsheet format
- EMC website

## Slide 33

| First Costs | Labor | Test | ODCs | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|     Planning | 2,534 | 0 | 352 | 2,886 |
|     Select Equipment | 10,941 | 0 | 3,067 | 14,008 |
|     Support Facilities | 0 | 0 | 19,065 | 19,065 |
|     Purchase CEMS Hardware | 0 | 0 | 95,400 | 95,400 |
|     Install and Check CEMS | 6,762 | 0 | 11,979 | 18,741 |
|     Performance Specification Tests | 2,244 | 33,855 | 628 | 36,726 |
|     QA/QC Plan | 2,570 | 11,981 | 692 | 15,244 |
|  | 25,052 | 45,836 | 131,182 | 202,070 |
|  |  |  |  |  |
| Annual Costs |  |  |  |  |
|     Day-to-Day Activities | 10,310 | 0 | 1,000 | 11,310 |
|     Annual RATA | 885 | 33,485 | 0 | 34,370 |
|     PM Monitor RCA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|     PM Monitor RRA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|     Cylinder Gas Audits (ACA/SVA for PM) | 1,164 | 0 | 15,881 | 17,045 |
|     Recordkeeping and Reporting | 1,253 | 0 | 160 | 1,413 |
|     Annual QA & O&M Review and Update | 2,074 | 0 | 2,980 | 5,054 |
|     Capital Recovery | 3,567 | 6,527 | 18,680 | 28,775 |
|  |  |  |  |  |
|     Total w/o capital recovery | 15,686 | 33,485 | 20,021 | 69,192 |
|     Total with capital recovery | 19,254 | 40,012 | 38,702 | 97,967 |