# Presentation: 096011

## Fuel Cells for Mobile Products

Micro Nano Breakthrough Conference
July 26, 2005
www.neahpower.com

**Micro Nano Breakthrough Conference**
**July 26, 2005**
- www.neahpower.com

## Fuel Cells Can Be The Next Generation Power Source For Mobile Products

**Enormous demand for better portable power sources**
- Proliferation of electronic devices
- Increased usage, especially in mobile environments
- Improvements in battery technology are limited
- End-user desire for convenience of use
**Fuel cells combine fuel (Methanol) with oxygen in chemical reaction to generate electricity**
- Generate electricity continuously if fuel and oxygen are supplied
- “Refueled” instantly by replacing a small fuel cartridge
**Enable long run-time with small, light spare cartridges not extra batteries**

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

## Electronic Product Markets Provide Huge Volume Opportunity for Fuel Cells

|  | 2003 | 2009 | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Notebook PCs | 41 | 85 | +107% |
| Tablet PCs | 0.6 | 4.1 | +592% |
| Military | 0.3 | 0.6 | +79% |
| PDAs | 15 | 29 | +93% |
| “Smart” Phones | 14 | 78 | +446% |
| Camcorders | 20 | 41 | +101% |
| Digital Cameras | 31 | 76 | +146% |
| Music Players | 12 | 44 | +266% |
| All Other | 9.6 | 29 | +201% |
| Total  (14 markets) | 144 | 387 | +168% |

- Sources:  IDC, Bear Stearns, Morgan Stanley, ABI, CEA, etc.

**Worldwide Annual Unit Volume (millions)**

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

## Design Limitations Have Hindered Application of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs)

**Traditional PEM-Based Design**

** ****Chemical reaction only**
**   ****where fuel, catalyst, and  **
**   ****electrolyte in direct contact**
- Thin, 2D reaction zone
** ****High power requires large**
**   ****surface area**
** ****PEM fuel cells challenged by:**
- Efficiency (typically 20 - 25%)
- Reliability
- Miniaturization
- Cost
** **

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

## PEM Fuel Cells Over-sized and Under-Poweredfor Portable Electronic Devices

**Fuel Cell Charger for **
**Notebook PC (prototype)**

**Fuel Cell for PDA (prototype)**

**Fuel Cell for Notebook PC**
**   ****(prototype)**

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

## Neah Power Founded to Develop Improved DMFCs for Mobile Electronic Devices

**Founded in 1999**
- Venture Capital funded
- Frazier, Alta, Intel Capital, Castile & WestAM
**2000-2003: **
- Identified and proved early technical concepts, filed patents
- Expanded management team, tested prototypes, received NIST/ATP funding, granted key patent
**2004-2005**
- Agreement with military OEM, strategic relationship with silicon processing company, reducing concepts to practice, developing fuel cell prototypes
**2006-2007**
- Develop product designs, scale-up low volume production, initiate product shipments, expand OEM customer base

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

## Neah’s Goal: DMFC with 2 Times Energy Storage in the Size of Current Batteries

**Removable  ****Fuel Cartridge**

**Fuel Cell Stack**

**Electronic ****Circuit Controls**

**Feed system**

**External**
**Side**

**Power case housing**

**Power case housing**

**Two Components: Fuel Cell and Fuel Cartridge**

**Internal**
**Side**

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

## Silicon Electrodes With Liquid Electrolyte and Oxidant Eliminate PEM and Enable New Design Alternatives

|  Fuel Cell  
  Component |  Typical DMFC |  Neah 
Fuel Cell |  Differentiating Benefits |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  Electrode  
  Catalyst  
  Support  
 |  Carbon | Porous Silicon |  Higher surface area & many  morphologies
 Leverage silicon coating & adhesion technology
 Silicon more durable material enabling liquid electrolyte and oxidant |
|  Electrolyte |  Polymer Electrolyte (PEM) |  Flowing Liquids (Sulfuric Acid) |  Higher catalyst utilization on anode
 Minimizes fuel crossover
 Higher proton conductivity |
|  Oxygen  
  Source |  Oxygen from Air |  On-board Oxidant (Nitric Acid w/
Peroxide or Air) |  Higher catalyst utilization on cathode
 Non-Pt catalyst resistant to methanol crossover |
|  Reaction By-
 Products |  Vented into Air |  Captured in BOP & Fuel 
  Cartridge |  No water vapor released
 Operate under harsh field conditions
 Highly reliable and durable |

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

## Porous Silicon Enables Unique “3D”Electrode Architecture 

**Bulk**
**Silicon**

**Catalyst Particles**

**Conductive**
** ****Film**

**400 Microns**

**3-D structure provides significant increase in reaction zone thickness**

**Bulk**
**Silicon**

**Electrode With**
**10 Micron Pores**

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

## Reactants Pumped Through Electrodes and Water By-Product Collected in Cartridge

**Water By-Product**

**Fuel & Electrolyte**

**Carbon Dioxide**
**By-Product**

**Silicon Anode**

**Silicon Cathode**

**Oxidant & Electrolyte**

**Cartridge**

**Note: A simple schematic for illustrative purposes only**

**Air**

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

## Neah Power Fuel Cell Stacks Operated in April 2005 

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

## Stack Prototype at 80 mW/cm2 Out Performs Typical PEM Systems

**Tested at Room**
**Temperature**

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

## Components Have Been Developed for Use inComplete System Prototypes in 2005

**Components Have Been Developed for Use in****Complete System Prototypes in 2005**

**shell**

**battery pack**

**rotatable fluid transfer valve disk assembly**

**layered multi-pump assembly**

**circuit board for pump drivers**

**stack**

**fuel reservoir**

**waste & **
**oxidant reservoirs**

**removable cartridge**

**fuel cell system**

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

## Multiple Fuel Cells From One Silicon Wafer Can Yield Costs Similar to Current Batteries

**Multiple Fuel Cells From One Silicon Wafer Can Yield Costs Similar to Current Batteries**

**“****Scalability” of Silicon**
**Utilize known Silicon processing technology**
**Etch and catalyze**
**Dice wafer into multiple electrodes**
**Bond electrodes into fuel cell stacks**
**Size stack for device power needs**

**Non-****conductive**** bonding**

**Conductive bonding**

**End-plate bonding (plastic)**

**1 cell**

**electrodes**

**Multiple Fuel Cell Stacks**
**From One 200mm Wafer**

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

## Enable Long Run-Time With Small, Light Spare Cartridges Not Extra Batteries

**Corridor Warriors**

**Military Electronics**

**Road**** ****Warriors**

**Logistics/Scanning**

**Entertainment**

**Public Safety Radios**

**Penetrate Military & Commercial Markets First **

**Use Validations in Military & Commercial Products to Enter Consumer Markets**** **

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

**Notes:**
From WSJ 8/27/01:
“Keitai de Music” – (“Music by Mobile Phone”)
Sanyo working w/KDDI to allow subs to choose among 1900 songs supplied by 35 content providers, including several majors
Each song is 200 yen - $1.60 to download
“paying 200 yen for mobile convenience”
Using PHS technology – up to 64kbps

## Use Increased Power Density to Reduce Fuel Cell Size and Expand Application Base

**Fuel Cell Size**

**Power****Density**

- Time

**Tablets**

**Power**

**Size**

**Instruments**

**Military Devices**
**Public Ser. Radios**

**Data Terminals**

**Medical Devices**

**Notebooks**

**Media Players**

**Smart Phones**

**Specialty Cartridge**
**Distribution**

**Retail Cartridge**
**Distribution**

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

## Fuel Cartridges Lighten the Load for Soldiers Compared to Extra Batteries

**Lithium-ion**

**Fuel Cartridge**

**Gross Weight (g)**

**58% less weight**

**200 hour mission, save 2.4kg (over 5 lbs) in weight**
**Longer the mission, greater the weight reduction**

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

## Wide Range of Relationships Exhibited in Early Partnership Activities

**Received NIST/ATP grant Sept. 2003 **
- $2.0 million over 2 years
**Wacker supplying Silicon wafers**
- Developing specifications for low cost Silicon wafers for fuel cells
**Company in semiconductor processing industry supporting electrode design and process development**
- Equity investment of $2.5 million
- CTO on Neah Board
- 2-plus people dedicated to technical effort
**Military OEM funding development of fuel cell for mobile, military communication devices**
- Initiated $1.7 million program Jan. 2004
- First phase is prototype demonstration in “BA-5590” form factor
- Can reduce soldier battery weight by 50 to 60%
**Congressman Inslee secures Neah $3.5 million in 2006 DoD appropriations bill**
**Intel willing to promote fuel cell reference deigns to OEMs**
- Insert fuel cell in removable DVD slot in notebook computer
- Could achieve 12 to 14 hour runtime

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

## Fuel Cell Market Potential in 2009 Measured in Billions of $

**Key Assumptions:**
** ****2009 fuel cell selling prices similar to current Li-ion prices**
** ****Producer price for cartridges under $1.00**

**Worldwide Producer Forecast - 2009**

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

## Rapid Growth of Li-ion Supports Potential for Fuel Cell Growth

- Source:  Nomura Research Institute, Advanced Rechargeable Battery Industry Report, ‘97/’98; Takeshita, Institute of Information Technology, 9/2000

**User willingness to pay for performance created **
**rapid penetration of notebooks**

**Li-ion Factory Revenue ($ Billions)**

**Price (Yen/WHr)**

**Li-ion Revenue**

**Li-ion Yen/WHr**

**Ni-MH Yen/WHr**

**Ni-Cd Yen/WHr**

**4X**

**$1B**

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005

## Neah Technology Can Revolutionize Micro-Fuel Cell Industry 

**Capitalizing on “Scalability” of Silicon-based electrodes**
-  Scale to high power density with 3D structure
-  Scale to cost effective production
**Target 2 times increase in energy storage in Li-ion sizes**
-  Low cost potential allows pricing similar to Li-ion prices
**5 U.S. patents issued and 10 U.S. patent applications filed**
-  Silicon electrode patent #6,641,948 issued Nov. 2003
**Achievements allow development of full system prototypes**
-  Pilot production for porous Silicon and electrodes
-  Demonstrated stable stack operation
**Establishing strategic relationships to support commercialization**
-  $2.0 million NIST/ATP grant
-  $1.7 million military OEM development project
-  $2.5 million investment from Silicon processing company
-  $3.5 million in 2006 DoD appropriations bill

- Micro Nano Conference     July 26, 2005