# Presentation: 059480

## TRAINING MORE STAFF WITH LESS MONEY

**NCEA/NAPSA State Trainers’ Conference on Distance Learning **

## This training is a product of National Center on Elder Abuse (NCEA), which is funded, in part, by the U.S. Administration on Aging under Grant # 90-AM-2792.  The project was developed by the National Adult Protective Services Association (NAPSA), and its contractor, the REFT Institute, Inc.

- Grantees undertaking projects under government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their findings and conclusions. Therefore, points of view or opinions do not necessarily represent official Administration on Aging Policy.
-  NAPSA 2004

## THE NATIONAL CENTER ON ELDER ABUSEThe Source for Information and Assistanceon Elder Abuse 

- National Center on Elder Abuse – National Association  of State Units on Aging
- National Adult Protective Services Association (NAPSA)
- Clearinghouse on Abuse and Neglect of the Elderly (CANE)
- American Bar Association Commission on Law and Aging
- National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse  (NCPEA)

**PARTNERS**

##  

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## DEFINING DISTANCE TRAINING

## Distance training delivers instruction  to trainees physically separated from instructor in space and/or time 
Teleconferencing = e-conferencing = electronic communication
Includes audio, video and computer conferencing
“Real time” vs. delayed communication

**Teleconferencing = e-conferencing = electronic communication**
**Includes audio, video and computer conferencing**
**“****Real time” vs. delayed communication**

**VOCABULARY**

## Accessibility of training
Audience size -- knowledge base
Timeliness of communication
Consistency of information
Interactivity
Shared sense of identity/unity
Effective use of time and resources
Quality of training

**Audience size -- knowledge base**
**Timeliness of communication**
**Consistency of information**
**Interactivity**
**Shared sense of identity/unity**
**Effective use of time and resources**
**Quality of training**

**INCREASES**

**DISTANCE TRAINING****Value**

## Costs 
Technical development
Instructional design
Buying/renting equipment
Potential for technical problems and equipment failure

**Technical development**
**Instructional design**
**Buying/renting equipment**
**Potential for technical problems and equipment failure**

**DISTANCE TRAINING****Administrative Challenges**

## Lack of familiarity with technology hesitancy to try something new
Lack of face-to-face (personal) contact
The need for creative adaptation of traditional activities to a new platform

**Lack of face-to-face (personal) contact**
**The need for creative adaptation of traditional activities to a new platform**

**DISTANCE TRAINING****Personal challenges**

##  

*Engineer at the Advanced Computing Systems Division of IBM, 1968 — commenting on the microchip*

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## Regular telephone or speakerphone
Group conferencing equipment = increases clarity of sound
Mixer = balances sound, cancels echo and noise 
Microphones and speakers

**Group conferencing equipment ****= increases clarity of sound**
**Mixer = balances sound, cancels echo and noise **
**Microphones and speakers**

**AUDIOCONFERENCE****Equipment**

## On-site technician (optional) implements set up and ongoing monitoring of equipment 
Conferencing service provides: 
Long distance service and link between trainer and trainees 
Additional services/features, as needed

**Conferencing service provides: **
**Long distance service and link between trainer and trainees **
**Additional services/features, as needed**

**AUDIOCONFERENCE****Services**

## Connection options and level of operator assistance vary by provider
Features can include Lecture/Listen Only, Question/Answer, Interactive Modes, Sub conferencing and other services
Cost depends on # of lines, length of time, services provided

**Features can include Lecture/Listen Only, Question/Answer, Interactive Modes, Sub conferencing and other services**
**Cost depends on # of lines, length of time, services provided**

**AUDIOCONFERENCE****Service Options**

## AUDIOCONFERENCEAdvantages

**Readily accessible**
**Familiar equipment and technology**
**Can interconnect unlimited # of sites**
**Simple, relatively inexpensive**
**Relatively trouble-free**
**Fully interactive**
**** On-site participants may or may not be present = trainer may be alone**

## Primarily lecture format
Interaction important
Many sites involved
Cost is a factor

**Interaction important**
**Many sites involved**
**Cost is a factor**

**AUDIOCONFERENCE****Applications**

## Identify service provider and specific services needed
Make conference call reservation 
Verify logistical details with service provider (e.g., how to dial in, handle technical issues, ask questions)
Send information to participants

**Make conference call reservation **
**Verify logistical details with service provider (e.g., how to dial in, handle technical issues, ask questions)**
**Send information to participants**

**AUDIOCONFERENCE****Planning**

## ACTIVE LEARNING #1

**Small group discussion and large group sharing **

**~ *****Using sub conferencing as a teaching tool***** **

##  

*Western Union, internal **	**	**memo, 1876*

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## Email
Computer-based training
Web-based training
Web conference
Document sharing/collaboration

**Computer-based training**
**Web-based training**
**Web conference**
**Document sharing/collaboration**

**COMPUTER CONFERENCE****Options**

## EMAIL  

**Application **
**Don’t discount it – provides effective supplement to other training**
**Discuss content/training issues**
**Collaborate on training exercises ****(problem-solving, case studies, Q/A)**
**Submit written documents for review/ feedback**
**Add personal tone – distribute bios/photos, informal chat**

## CBT (Computer-Based Training)Definition 

**CBT accessed via computer disk ****(e.g., CD-ROM), hard drive or network**
**Interactive learning experience between trainee and computer program**
**Stimulus ******** response ******** feedback**

## CBTAdvantages

**24/7 accessibility**
**Interactive**
**Trainees can control their learning**
**Video/sound clips, animation, online help**
**Unlimited time for learning ******** mastery of content**
**Progress/testing results tracking possible **

## CBTChallenges

**Lacks face-to-face contact or interaction**
**Development costs high**
**Potentially brief shelf-life**
**High degree of computer literacy required to develop CBT (or WBT) training materials**
**Trainees must be computer literate**

## CBTApplications

**Reaches many people**
**Trainees in remote locations**
**Interaction important**
**Skills practice, multimedia simulation, role play, testing/ assessment**
**Interaction between people not needed**
**Trainees vary in levels of knowledge**
**On-the-job training/reference**

## WBT is essentially same as CBT, but accessed via a web site
Additional advantages: 
Information more easily updated
Unlimited # trainees can access training
Web links  deeper levels of info 
Online help available

**Additional advantages: **
**Information more easily updated**
**Unlimited # trainees can access training**
**Web links ******** deeper levels of info **
**Online help available**

**WBT (*****Web-Based Training)*****Definition & Advantages **

## WBTChallenges

**Added challenges:**
**Internet access required**
**Transmission quality for complex sound/images dependent on quality and speed of computer, telephone line, modem connection**

## WBTApplications

**Rapidly changing content  **
**Promotes learning & information exploration through related web links**

## Little agreement on terminology – one-way or two-way communication may include:
Sound/video broadcast – either real time or delayed 
PowerPoint slides
Interaction – discuss/ask questions via phone, chat or email

**Sound/video broadcast –** **either real time or delayed **
**PowerPoint slides**
**Interaction – discuss/ask questions via phone, chat or email**

**WEBCONFERENCE****(Net conference)**

## WEBCONFERENCEDocument sharing/collaboration

**Online connection of 2+ computers**
**Files  shared, copied, cut, pasted, saved or printed by any participant**
**Need Internet connection and collaboration software**
**Applications: **
**Use in conjunction with audio conference**
**Trainees collaborate on project or document**
**Trainer can see trainees’ work**

## Assure equipment and software available at each site 
Reserve conference time with service provider (if necessary)
Assure computer literate person available each site
Clarify logistics and send info to participants along with guidelines for participation

**Reserve conference time with service provider *****(if necessary)***
**Assure computer literate person available each site**
**Clarify logistics and send info to participants along with guidelines for participation**

**WEB CONFERENCE****Planning**

## ACTIVE LEARNING #2

**~ *****Audio conference with online document sharing and/or collaboration***

**Large group discussion**

## “I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.” 
Thomas Watson, Chairman 		of IBM, 1943 

*Thomas Watson, Chairman **	**	**of IBM, 1943*

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## ONE-WAY video conferencing
TWO-WAY interactive video conferencing 
Group video conferencing equipment
Desktop or laptop computer 

**TWO-WAY interactive video conferencing **
**Group video conferencing equipment**
**Desktop or laptop computer **

**VIDEO CONFERENCE****Options**

## Viewed on TV monitor or large screen
Clear, full-motion image
Unlimited number of people
Unrestricted geographical area
Ask questions or make comments via telephone, fax or email
Can be taped ahead or transmitted in “real time” 

**Clear, full-motion image**
**Unlimited number of people**
**Unrestricted geographical area**
**Ask questions or make comments via telephone, fax or email**
**Can be taped ahead or transmitted in “real time” **

**ONE-WAY VIDEO****Description**

## Uplink: Program origination  beams to orbiting satellite
Satellite: Receives signal from uplink  beams back to downlink
Downlink: Receives program
Satellite dish/antenna
Video receiver & converter
Television monitor or screen

**Satellite: Receives signal from uplink ******** beams back to downlink**
**Downlink: Receives program**
**Satellite dish/antenna**
**Video receiver & converter**
**Television monitor or screen**

**ONE-WAY VIDEO****Equipment**

## ONE-WAY VIDEOAdvantages

**Limitless number of sites**
**Cost-effective for very large audience**
**Accessible equipment**
**Excellent visual quality**
**Visual “presence” of instructor **

## ONE-WAY VIDEOChallenges

**High cost**
**Requires sophisticated facilities, equipment, and technical expertise**
**Communication basically one way: instructor to trainees**
**Interactivity limited**

## Very large, widely dispersed audience
Full motion video needed
Primarily lecture or dissemination of information

**Full motion video needed**
**Primarily lecture or dissemination of information**

**ONE-WAY VIDEO****Applications**

**THINK BIG!**

## Reserve production facilities, uplink, satellite time, and space at downlink facilities 
Arrange for technical support at all sites
Clarify logistics and send info to participants along with guidelines for participation & training materials

**Arrange for technical support at all sites**
**Clarify logistics and send info to participants along with guidelines for participation & training materials**

**ONE-WAY VIDEO****Planning**

## ACTIVE LEARNING #3

**~ *****Preparing for a one-way video conference***

**Large group discussion **

## “Everything that can be invented has been invented.” 
Charles H. Duell, 			Commissioner, U.S. Office of Patents, 1899 

*Charles H. Duell, **	**	**	**Commissioner, U.S. Office of Patents, 1899*

- 

## Fully interactive – trainer and trainees see one another and speak freely
Desktop computers and group conferencing systems can be linked 
Digital signals sent via phone line
Greater compression  greater speed of transmission  greater distortion of images

**Desktop computers and group conferencing systems can be linked **
**Digital signals sent via phone line**
**Greater compression ******** greater speed of transmission ******** greater distortion of images**

**TWO-WAY VIDEO****Description**

## Can use desktop or group conferencing equipment:
Computer
Conferencing software
Camera, microphone, speakers

**Computer**
**Conferencing software**
**Camera, microphone, speakers**

**TWO-WAY VIDEO****Equipment**

## TWO-WAY VIDEOServices

**Need Internet connection**
**Conferencing service provides: **
**Bridging between sites and long distance service **
**Additional services as needed**
**Cost depends on # of sites, speed of transmission, location of sites, type of equipment, room charges **** **

## TWO-WAY VIDEOAdvantages

**Fully interactive – most resembles face-to-face training**
**Visual “presence” & real-time interaction**
**Full motion**
**Cost-effective for small/mid-size audience (3-5 sites)**

## TWO-WAY VIDEOChallenges

**Reaches limited number of sites **
**Digital transmission not available everywhere**
**Cost considerably higher than for audio conferencing**
**Picture quality inconsistent**
**Computer literate person must be present**

## Highly interactive verbal and visual participation indicated by content such as...
Demonstration, practice, testing or assessment, feedback regarding physical skill or technique

**Demonstration, practice, testing or assessment, feedback regarding physical skill or technique**

**TWO-WAY VIDEO****Applications**

## Assure equipment available at each site 
Reserve conference time with service provider
Provide technical support for all sites
Clarify logistics and send info to participants along with guidelines for participation & training materials

**Reserve conference time with service provider**
**Provide technical support for all sites**
**Clarify logistics and send info to participants along with guidelines for participation & training materials**

**TWO-WAY VIDEO****Planning**

## ACTIVE LEARNING #4

**~ *****Establishing a comfortable learning environment***

**Individual reflection and large group sharing **

## NEXT STEPS

## NEXT STEPSKey Considerations

**Define audience**
**Identify core competencies/learning objectives **
**Define training content**
**Select technology ****   (e.g., fits objectives & budget)**
**Select teaching strategies ****   (e.g., fit objectives & technology)**
**Identify site coordinators**

## ACTIVE LEARNING #5

**~ *****Selecting distance technologies***

**Case study/small group discussion and large group sharing**

##  

*Lord Kelvin, President, Royal Society, 1895*

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