# Presentation: 187009

## Basic Energy Science and the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

- David Garman
- Assistant Secretary, EERE

## World Primary Energy Supply by Source, 1850-1997

**World Primary Energy Supply by Source, 1850-1997**

## U.S. 1998 Energy-Linked Emissions as Percentage of Total Emissions 

**U.S. 1998 Energy-Linked Emissions as Percentage of Total Emissions **

## Projections of Energy Use

**Projections of Energy Use**

## The Innovation Pipeline

- Research

- Development

- Demonstration

- Deployment

- End
- Users

## The Innovation Pipeline

- R&D

- Manufacturers

- Integrators

- Distributors

-   Government
- RD&D Support

- Investors

- Investors

- Financial
-    Inst.

- Financial
-    Inst.

- Financial Institutions

- Pilot Projects

- Incubators

- Training

- Market, Policy, and
- Regulatory analysis

- Education

- Information

- Information

- End
- User

- Demonstration

## Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

**David Garman**

**Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy**

**Power Technology**
- DAS Bob Dixon
- Biopower
- Distributed Energy
- Geothermal
- HTS
- Hydrogen
- Hydropower
- Solar Energy
- Buildings
- Concentrating SP
- Photovoltaics
- Wind Energy
- International Programs
- FY01: $355.9M

**TransportTechnology**
- DAS Tom Gross
- Biofuels
- Hybrid Systems
- Advanced Engines
- Fuel Cells
- Electric Vehicle R&D
- Materials
- Heavy Vehicle Systems
- Fuels Utilization
- Technology Assistance
- FY01: $301.9M

**Industrial Technology**
- DAS Denise Swink
- Vision Industries
- Agriculture
- Aluminum
- Chemicals
- Forest Products
- Glass
- Metal Casting
- Mining
- Petroleum
- Steel
- Enabling Technologies
- Financial Assistance
- Technology Assistance
- FY01: $148.6M

**Building Technology**
- DAS Mark Ginsberg
- Residential Building             .    Integration
- Commercial Building      .    Integration
- Equipment & Materials
- Community Energy
- Energy Star
- State Energy
- Weatherization
- FY01 R&D: $104.5M
- FY01: $295.1M

**FEMP**
- DAS Beth Shearer
- FY01: $27.6M

**Regional Offices**
**Field Office**

## Residential and Commercial Building Energy Use

**Residential and Commercial Building Energy Use**
- (34.7 Quads, 1999)

## Science In the Buildings Sector

**Advanced Lighting**
- LEDs, OLEDs, multiphoton phosphors => Materials science/device physics
**Windows**
- Spectrally selective coatings, electrochromics => Materials science
**Water Heaters**
- UV-, temperature-, and pressure-resistant polymers => Materials science
- 				    **Materials Science**

## Science In the Buildings Sector

**Materials Science**
- Heterostructure semiconductor interfaces, Electrically conducting polymers; Quantum-dot nanoclusters, etc.
- 	=> LEDs and Organic LEDs – advanced lighting

## Industrial Energy Use

**Industrial Energy Use**
- (35 Quads, 1999)

## Science in the Industrial Sector

**Efficient, high temperature separations**
- High temperature membranes, reactive membranes, filters => Materials Science
- Separation mechanisms in multicomponent systems => Separation science
**Improved process control**
- Sensors => high operating temperatures, sensitivities => Materials Science
**Chemical, petroleum refining operations**
- Heterogeneous catalysis/surface chemistry; homogeneous catalysis/metalorganic chemistry; separation science; materials properties/synthesis; diagnostics
**Boilers, Furnaces, gasifiers**
- Efficiency, emissions, gas cleanup => Combustion science; chemistry
**Industrial process flows, heat transfer, etc.**
- Multiphase flows, heat transfer, etc. => Computational fluid dynamics.
**Metal castings**
- Alloys => alloy chemistries, properties, processing => Materials Science
- Rapid, non-destructive evaluation of alloy chemistry/properties => Diagnostics
- 	   **Materials Science, Combustion, Computation, Separations**

## Transport Energy Use

**Transport Energy Use**
- (26 Quads, 1999, 96.7% petroleum)

## Science in the Transport Sector

**Fuel Cells**
- Electrocatalysis, ionic transport in polymer electrolytes, fuel processing catalysis
**Engines**
- Real-time, high sensitivity multispecies measurements => Diagnostics.
- Soot formation and evolution => Chemistry
- Low speed flows; turbulence; multiphase flows => CFD
**Aerodynamic drag**
- Low speed flow; turbulence => Computational Fluid Dynamics
**Frames**
- Composite materials => Materials Science
**Batteries**
- Electrochemistry
**	****CFD, Combustion, Electrochemistry, Materials Science**

## Bioenergy

**Total Consumption = 96 Quads**
**Biomass = 2.9 Quads**

## Biorefinery:

**Conversion**
**Processes**

**Biomass**
**Feedstock**
** **Trees
- Forest Residues
- Grasses
-  Agricultural Crops
-  Agricultural Residues
-  Animal Wastes
-  Municipal Solid Waste

**USES**
**Fuels:**
**  ****Ethanol**
**  ****Renewable Diesel**
**  ****Methanol**
**  ****Hydrogen**
**Electricity**
**Heat**
**Products**
** ****Plastics**
** ****Foams **
** ****Solvents**
** ****Coatings**
** ****Chemical Intermediates**
** ****Phenolics**
** ****Adhesives**
**  ****Fatty acids**
** ****Acetic Acid**
** ****Carbon black**
** ****Paints**
** ****Dyes, Pigments, and Ink**
** ****Detergents**
** ****Etc.**

**Biorefinery:**

- Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation
- Enzymatic Fermentation
- -Gas/liquid Fermentation
- -Thermochemical Processes
- - Gasification/Pyrolysis
- - Combustion
- - Co-firing

## Science in Bioenergy & Bioproducts

**Feedstock production**
- Plant growth and response to stress (and on marginal lands)**; **
- Higher productivity at lower input (water, fertilizer, etc.)
- Production of certain components and/or new components
- => Functional genomics; biochemistry; physiology; cellular control mechanisms; respiration; photosynthesis, metabolism, nutrient use, disease response
**Biochemical pathways**
- => Biocatalysis: enzyme function and regulation; enzyme engineering; catalyst reaction rates and specificity
**Thermochemical pathways**
- => Product-selective thermal cracking of biomass; CFD modeling
**Bioproducts**
- => New and novel monomers and polymers;
- Biomass composites; => adhesion/surface science
**Combustion**
- => NOx chemistry; CFD modeling

## Power 

**Technologies**

## Science in the Power Sector

**PV**
- Materials, growth, characterization,
- => Quantum dot cells, multiple quantum well devices, etc., multi-junction thin films—interface chemistry, physics, defects, materials compatibility
**Geothermal**
- Geoscience: formation/flow of fluids through fractured media; characterizing geology; geochemistry
**Wind**
- Computational fluid dynamics to model turbulent flow for wind turbine design
- Modeling meso-scale atmospheric phenomena for wind forecasting for utilities
- Composite materials—materials strength, fatigue properties
**HTS**
- Materials
**Remote sensing**
- algorithms for determining atmospheric and surface properties (aerosol optical depth, surface insolation, surface winds, bioenergy resources)

## Pasteur’s QuadrantUse-inspired Fundamental ResearchDonald Stokes, “Pasteur’s Quadrant”, Brookings, 1977

|  | NO | YES |
| --- | --- | --- |
| YES | Bohr’s Quadrant | Pasteur’s Quadrant |
| NO |  | Edison’s Quadrant |

- Considerations of Use?

- Quest for
- Fundamental
- Understanding?

## Partnerships

**Models:** HTS; Fuel Cells; Combustion Lab; PV; Centers of Excellence for Materials Synthesis and Processing; National Plant Genome Initiative; SBIR/STTR
**Workshops, Roadmapping** -- focused on results
- Polymer-Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells, 1999; Chemical Vision 2020; PV
**Common oversight**
- Research Advisory Task Forces; Peer Reviews; Energy Materials Coordinating Committee;
**Co-location**
- _Basic to Applied_: BES/LBNL work on fundamental laser-material interactions
- _Applied to Basic_: 40% eff. PV: materials, mobility-limiting mechs.  Fuel cells.
- _Task Division_: Multi-disciplinary teams: ORNL work on HTS with both BES and EE support.  Fuel Cells.
- _Centers of Excellence_; common access to user facilities & equipment
**Building on successes**
- Common understanding, awareness, working relationships

## NAS/NRC Benefits/Costs Framework

|  | Realized 
Benefits and Costs | Options 
Benefits and Costs | Knowledge 
Benefits and Costs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Economic Benefits and Costs |  |  |  |
| Environmental Benefits and Costs |  |  |  |
| Security 
Benefits and Costs |  |  |  |