# Presentation: 107985

## Global Change  Program

***C*****	****	****Cooperative**
***S*****	****	****State**
***R*****	****	****Research,**
***E*****	****	****Education**
***E***** ****	****	****and Extension**
***S*****	****	****Service**

**Dr. Raymond Knighton**
**National Program Leader****	****	****	****	****August 2, 2002**

## What we do

- CSREES funds, works with, and leads the land-grant universities and other eligible institutions.
- CSREES is the land-grant university system’s (105 institutions) link to the USDA.
- Extramural research arm of USDA

## Research & Education

**CSREES supports over 9,500 researchers at**
**Agricultural experiment stations**
**Federal laboratories**
**Land-grant and other colleges and universities**
**Small businesses**
**Independent science facilities**
**CSREES collaborates in 8 multi-agency research programs.**
**CSREES has provided research support to 1,200 graduate and doctoral students through the National Needs Graduate Fellows program.**

## Extension

**Extension presence in every county in the U.S.**
**Non-formal education and outreach programs available to local residents**
**4-H youth-development program:**
**6.7 million participants**
**423,000 volunteers**
**2002 marks the organization’s centennial**

## Federal Assistance

- Formula programs
- Competitive grants
- Targeted programs
- Agreements with other Federal agencies

## Small Agency, Big Budget

## Global Change  Funding

| 
Programs | FY 2002 Appropriation | FY 2003 President’s Budget | FY 2003 House Committee | FY 2003
Senate Committee |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| UV-B Monitoring | 
1,402,000 | 
2,500,000 | 
2,000,000 | 
2,500,000 |
| National Research Initiative | 8,000,000

(120,452,000) | 15,000,000

(240,000,000) | -

(130,000,000) | -

(163,986,000 |

## “Impact of Climate and Soils on Crop Selection and Management ” 

**Institutions:**
**Montana State University****	****Univ. of Georgia**
**Univ. of Illinois****	****	****	****Purdue University**
**Iowa State University****	**** ****	****Kansas State University**
**Michigan State Univ.****	**** ****	****Univ. of Minnesota**
**Univ. of Missouri****	****	****Univ. of Nebraska**
**North Dakota State Univ.****	****Ohio State Univ.**
**South Dakota State Univ. **
**$344,530/yr – five years**

**Formula Funded Project**
**Multistate Research – NC 94**

## Objectives

**Update and maintain the NC-94 regional databases on soils, crop production and weather.**
**Develop predictive relationships for crop yield in the North Central Region as a function of ENSO, SST, and frequencies associated with natural variability.**
**View the optimum crop(s) selection as a dynamic decision on the basis of variability in natural resource patterns in the region. **

## “Climate Change and the Economic Sustainability of Montana and Great Plains Agriculture” 

**Investigator:  J. Antle**
**Institution:  Montana State Univ.**
**$14,986 ($398,076) – 5 years**

**Formula Funded Project**

## Objectives

**Collect sample of field-level economic data on grain production to construct an econometric-based stochastic simulation model**
**Assess potential environmental impacts of changes in economic conditions and agricultural policy using models**
**Assess implications of heterogeneity and scale for climate change and soil C sequestration in Montana and Nebraska**

## Outcomes

**Determine spatial distribution of net returns and vulnerability of agriculture to climate change based on interactions among climate changes, CO****2**** level, resource endowments, adaptation, and economic conditions**

## Investigator:  C.W. Rice

***“******Consortium for Agricultural Soil Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases” (CASMGS)***

- Institutions:
**Kansas State University**	Colorado State University
- Iowa State University		Michigan State University
- Montana State University	University of Nebraska
- Ohio State University		Purdue University
- Texas A&M University		Pacific Northwest National Labs
- $14,259,000 – three years

**Investigator:  C.W. Rice**

## Objectives

- Improve understanding of basic processes and mechanisms controlling soil C sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions.
- Evaluate and make recommendations for ‘best management practices’ to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions from soils, in partnership with USDA and other federal, state and private entities.

## Objectives

- Predict and assess C sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions, provide field and farm-level decisions support tools and evaluate alternative national economic and policy strategies using integrated models. Models will assess impacts of mitigation programs on crop production potential, food security and environmental quality.
- Provide measurement and monitoring tools for quantifying and verifying soil carbon sequestration rates and greenhouse gas emissions and emission reductions.

## Objectives

- Provide a standing capability to meet the short-term needs of Federal agencies, Congress and the White House, for information, data and analysis on issues relating to soil carbon sequestration and soil greenhouse gas emissions.
- Provide information to each of the following stakeholder groups: policy makers, agricultural sector, energy and transportation industries, the scientific community and the general public.
- Participate in the transfer to and adoption of technology by other countries for quantifying and verifying carbon sequestration rates

## Task 1: To develop understanding of basic processes and mechanisms of soil C sequestration and soil GHG emission mitigation 

**Carbon Losses**

**Carbon Stabilization **
**in Soil**

**Plant C Inputs**

## Task 2: To identify, develop and evaluate BMPs with respect to C sequestration, GHG mitigation and associated co-benefits and costs. 

**Co-benefits and costs of C sequestering activities**

**Full C-cost accounting**

**Physical & Economic Potential of BMPs**

## Task 3: Predict & assess the C cycle & GHG emissions/mitigation using computer models, databases & other appropriate tools. 

**Regional prediction and assessment**

**Field-scale prediction and assessment**

**Refinement and validation of biophysical models**

**National-scale prediction &**
**Soil C and GHG inventories **

## Task 4: Measuring and monitoring soil C sequestration and GHG flux

**Data,**
**Models, &**
**Sensors**

**Carbon Trading**

**Sampling Design &**
**Analyses**

## Task 5: Develop outreach programs to share information on C cycle, GHG mitigation and agricultural BMP’s, that are useful to agricultural producers and other stakeholders.

**Website and Newsletter**

**Decision Support Systems**

**Multi-media Education Materials and Training **

**Forums**

## James  Slusser, Director
Natural Resource Ecology Lab.
Colorado State University
$1,402,000/year

***“******UV-B Monitoring Program”***

**James  Slusser, Director**
**Natural Resource Ecology Lab.**
**Colorado State University**
**$1,402,000/year**

## Purposes of UV-B Monitoring and Research Program

**Furnishes basic information necessary to support research on potential damaging effects of UVB on agriculture, forests, and livestock**
**Provides UV climatology data to agricultural and scientific researchers**
**Supplies ground truth for satellite retrievals and model development**
**Establishes long-term record of UVB to assess trends**

## Components of the UV-B Monitoring and Research Program

**Climatological Network headquarters in Fort Collins at CSU (30 sites)**
**NOAA Central UV Calibration Facility in Boulder**
**Agricultural responses to UVB subcontracts**
**1.0 m state-of-the art Reference Spectrometers developed at SUNY Albany, NY.  Instruments deployed at Table Mountain CO, Beltsville MD, and Billings OK**

## Slide 25

## The Role of the NOAA Central UV Calibration Facility (CUCF)

**Performs calibrations on  80+ USDA UV radiometers and audits on 20+ EPA spectrometers**
**One central UV facility ensures data compatibility**
**Close USDA / CUCF working relationship**
**Consults regularly with NIST to insure accuracy**
**CUCF has been asked by the WMO to be the world reference UV laboratory**
**Depends on USDA, EPA, and NOAA support**

## The USDA UVB Monitoring Web Site

**Provides next day data by download button**
**Access to reports and peer-reviewed research publications**
**Web users include more than 30 Governmental agencies and 200 Universities**
**Includes UVB tutorial and over 30 links**

**http://oasis.nrel.colostate.edu/UVB/uvb_climate_network.html**

## Data Users of USDA UVB Network

- University researchers at U. Nebraska, U. Maryland, Purdue, Mississppi State investigating effects of UVB on crop species
- NASA to ground-truth  satellite retrievals of UVB, aerosols, and ozone
- Mississippi State University to correct precision farming retrievals
- US Army to examine typical UVB exposure to outdoor workers
- USDA APHIS to study brucellosis disease in Yellowstone NP
- U. Colorado Health Department to study sunburn in children

## Slide 29

## “The Physiology and Ecology of N2O Production and CH4 Consumption by Ammonia- and Methane-oxidizing Bacteria in Agricultural Soils” 

**Investigator:  L.Y. Stein**
**Institution:  Univ. of California-Riverside**
**$117,688 – 2 years**

**NRI Competitive Grant**

## Objectives

**Investigate the toxicity of nitrite on pure cultures of MOB (methane-oxidizing bacteria) and AOB(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria) based on changes in nitrite, copper, methane, and ammonia concentrations. **
**Determine the denitrification and methane consumption potential of pure cultures of MOB and AOB in response to changes in nitrite, copper, methane, and ammonia concentrations. **
**Measure the emission of nitrous oxide and methane and monitor changes in MOB and AOB populations in inoculated soil microcosms with different concentrations of nitrite, copper, methane, and ammonia. **

## Outcomes

**Determine the conditions under which particular groups of bacteria control the flux of greenhouse gases from soils,**
**which species are most likely involved in gas emissions,**
**and which metabolic pathways should be targeted to ameliorate further emissions of methane and nitrous oxide from agricultural soils.**** **

## “CO2 Emissions from the Dissolution of Soil Carbonate as a Contributor to Greenhouse Gases” 

**Investigator:  H.C. Monger**
**Institution:  New Mexico State Univ.**
**$142,000 – three years**

**NRI Competitive Grant**

## Objectives

**Determine if acid from acidic rain or microbiotic crust causes dissolution of soil carbonate and CO****2**** emissions and quantify the flux**
**Compare accuracy of measures of CO****2**** release by three methodologies**
**Measure carbon isotopes to distinguish biologically respired CO****2**** from carbonate dissolved CO****2**

## Outcomes

**Contribute to determination of the potential of arid and semiarid soils to sequester soil C by quantifying CO****2**** emissions from exposed soil carbonates resulting from acid sources**
**Evaluation of three methodologies to determine accuracy of soil CO****2**** emission measurements:  NaOH traps, solid soda lime traps, and infrared CO****2**** detector**

## More Information

**CRIS – ****	****Current Research ****	****	****	****	****Information System**
**	****http://cris.csrees.usda.gov/**
**Dr. Raymond Knighton**
**	****rknighton@reeusda.gov**
**	****(202) 401-6417**