# Presentation: 687379

## USDA Dairy Goat Genetic Evaluation ProgramStatus and Plans

## USDA Dairy Goat Evaluations

**Evaluations for milk, fat, protein, and type**
**Yield evaluations in July **
**	****Type evaluations in December **
**Evaluations provided to ADGA, DRPC, and publicly via the internet**

## Data Flow

**FARM**

**COMPONENT TEST LAB**

**DRPC**

| Center | Data Sent to AIPL |
| --- | --- |
| DRMS – NC | Daily |
| DHI-Provo – UT | Daily |
| Agri-Tech – CA | 2x/week |
| AgSource – WI | Weekly |
| Texas DHIA – TX | Monthly |

**AIPL**

**ADGA**

**INTERNET**

**Milk Data collected monthly **

**DHIA**

## Does Contributing Data from Test Day Nearest June 30th, 2002 By Processing Center

| Center | Herds | Does | Percent of Does |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| DRMS – NC | 159 | 2757 | 37.2 |
| Penna. | 10 | 76 | 1.0 |
| DHIA-Provo | 179 | 2463 | 33.2 |
| Agri-Tech | 28 | 794 | 10.7 |
| AgSource | 26 | 749 | 10.1 |
| Texas DHIA | 78 | 576 | 7.8 |
| Total | 480 | 7415 |  |

## Most Frequent Errors For Kiddings in 2002

| Error code | Description | Number | Percent of total errors |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7ma | No matching herd test date | 1202 | 18.4 |
| 2Gf | Sire ID different from ADGA | 944 | 14.5 |
| 3Gf | Dam ID different from ADGA | 928 | 14.2 |
| 0Ba | More than 1 pedigree difference | 910 | 13.9 |
| 1Da | Invalid doe breed code | 610 | 9.3 |
| 7Aa | No test days | 419 | 6.4 |
| 5Bc | Birthdate does not match ADGA | 391 | 6.0 |
| 1Dc | Letter in ID where not allowed | 289 | 4.4 |
| 2Fd | Sire ID already in master file as doe | 191 | 2.9 |

## Genetic Improvement Program

**Phenotype = Genotype + Environment**
**Genetic improvement programs only change genotype**
**Heritability is the portion of total variation due to genetics**
**Rate of genetic improvement determined by**
**generation interval**
**selection intensity**
**heritability**

## Issues Affecting Value of Data

**Completeness of ID and parentage reporting**
**Years herd on test**
**Size of herd**
**Frequency of testing and component determination**

## Evaluation Calculation

**Goal**
**predict productivity of progeny**
**Method**
**separate genetic component from other factors influencing evaluated traits**
**All relationships are considered**
**bucks receive evaluations from the records on their female relatives**

## Yield Evaluation Model

**MODEL:****	****y   =   hys + hs + pe + a + e**
**y**** = yield of milk, fat, or protein during a lactation**
**hys ****= herd-year-season**
**-  accounts for environmental effects common to does kidding in the same herd in the same season**
**hs**** = herd-sire**
**-  effect common to daughters of a buck in the same herd**
**pe**** = permanent environment**
**-  effect common to all a doe's lactations that is not genetic**
**a**** = animal genetic effect (breeding value)**
**e ****= unexplained residual**

## Type Evaluation Model

**MODEL:****	****y   =   h + a + p + e**
**y**** = adjusted type record**
**h ****= herd appraisal date**
**a**** = animal genetic effect (breeding value)**
**p**** = permanent environment**
**-  effect common to all a doe's lactations that is not genetic**
**e ****= unexplained residual**
**Multi-trait evaluation allows scores from one trait to affect the evaluation of another trait through the genetic correlations among the traits. **

## Recent Type Appraisal Data

|  | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Alpine | 1293 | 1050 | 1072 | 1341 |
| Nubian | 1393 | 1286 | 1319 | 1299 |
| Toggenburg | 592 | 587 | 473 | 672 |
| LaMancha | 875 | 635 | 719 | 667 |
| Saanen | 426 | 459 | 389 | 659 |
| Oberhasli | 370 | 217 | 254 | 323 |
| Experimental | 253 | 197 | 191 | 269 |

## Type Trait Genetic Correlations 

|  | Final Score | Strength | Dairyness | Fore Udder Attachment |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Final Score | 1.00 | .30 | -.15 | .66 |
| Strength | .30 | 1.00 | -.51 | .15 |
| Dairyness | -.15 | -.51 | 1.00 | -.16 |
| F. Udder Att. | .66 | .15 | -.16 | 1.00 |

## Accuracy of Evaluations

**Number of does kidding in same hys**
**more records ******** better estimate of hys effect**
**Number of bucks with daughters having records in same hys**
**more direct comparisons ******** better ranking of bucks**
**Number of lactation records**
**Number of daughters**
**Accuracy of pedigree data**

## Longevity Evaluation Dairy Cattle Program

**Productive Life (PL)**
**Number of months in milk up to:**
**10mo per lactation**
**84mo in age**
**Estimated for cows still in milk**
**Reliability increased using correlated traits:**
**type composites**
**yield traits**

## Longevity Genetic CorrelationsDairy Cattle Program

| Trait | Longevity Correlation |
| --- | --- |
| Milk | .13 |
| Fat | .12 |
| Protein | .15 |
| Somatic Cell Score | -.35 |
| Udder Composite | .30 |
| Feet and Legs Composite | .19 |
| Size Composite | -.04 |
| Fertility (Pregnancy Rate) | .59 |

## AIPL Web Services

_**[http://aipl.arsusda.gov/query/public/tdb.shtml#GoatsTBL](http://aipl.arsusda.gov/query/public/tdb.shtml#GoatsTBL)**_
**Queries provide display of:**
**pedigree information**
**yield records**
**herd test characteristics **
**genetic evaluations of does & bucks**
**yield**
**Type**
**Access information using:**
**ID number**
**animal name**
**herd code**

## Get goat pedigree and yield information

**http://aipl.arsusda.gov/cgi-bin/general/Qpublic/do.Q.cgi?qname=shgoat&single**

## Get goat pedigree and yield information - output

## Get yield and type evaluation

**http://aipl.arsusda.gov/cgi-bin/general/Qpublic/do.Q.cgi?qname=getbuck&single**

## Get yield and type evaluation - output

## Get goat error records by herd - output

**http://aipl.arsusda.gov/cgi-bin/general/Qpublic/do.Q.cgi?qname=goatherderr&single**

## Get goat error records by herd - output

## Additional AIPL Web Resources

_**[http://aipl.arsusda.gov/docs/goatsfs.html](http://aipl.arsusda.gov/docs/goatsfs.html)**_
**Documentation of evaluation process**
**Data requirements**
**Statistical models**
**Trait definitions**
_**[http://aipl.arsusda.gov/links.html](http://aipl.arsusda.gov/links.html)**_
**Links to other resources including DHI, DRPC, and ADGA**

## Recent Changes

**New web query for accessing data by animal name**
**Yield data since 1998 extracted from the master file each run**
**incorporates corrections, deletions, and ID changes**

## Future Plans

**Move calculations of goat evaluations to new computer**
**Possible use of dairy cattle programs**
**Add Productive Life and somatic cell score evaluations for goats**
**Value to producers**
**Staff resources required**

## Test Day Model

**Test day replaces lactation yield in evaluation model**
**Advantages**
**Improved accounting of environmental effect**
**Allows for genetic differences in persistency and rate of maturity**
**Impeded by Cornell Research Foundation Patent**
**Currently challenged in Canada and EU**
**No licensing agreement has been reached**