# Presentation: 021008

## Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee

**James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)**
**Discussion**
**Eric P. Smith**
**Astrophysics Division, Science Mission Directorate**

## Contents

- Replan and Special Review Context
- Special Review Summary
- Slides with blue background are verbatim from review team
- Astrophysics Division Plans

- AAAC, Ballston

- 5/11/06

## JWST Status

- JWST is the top priority new mission investment for the Astrophysics Division
- Program is in Phase B, detailed design, confirmation to Phase C: March 2008
- Cost-to-launch (April 2006 projection) ~$2.5B (FY06)
- European contribution defined (value ~$0.5B) , industrial partners under contract
- Project on track for January 2007 technology non-advocate review, beginning of mission confirmation process
- Cost Comparison (FY06, design, develop and construction only, full-costed) with other Great Observatories:
- 			_Collecting Area__	__Launch Mass_
- JWST: 	$0.1B/m2	$0.5M/kg  (projected)
- Spitzer: 	$1.4B/m2	$0.8M/kg
- Chandra: 	$0.2B/m2*	$0.6M/kg
- HST: 	$0.9B/m2	$0.4M/kg

- *Chandra’s grazing incidence optics not directly analogous to other great observatory’s normal incidence optics

- AAAC, Ballston

- 5/11/06

## Replan and Special Review Context

- JWST reports growth in development cost - Mar’05
- Science Mission Directorate (SMD) investigates descopes, commissions independent Science Assessment Team (SAT), directs replanning - Apr’05
- PA&E commissions independent special review - May’05
- Interim special Agency Program Management Council (APMC) meetings - Jul’05, Sep’05, Jan’06
- Replanning completed - Mar’06
- Special Review Completed - Apr’06
- Final special APMC meeting - Apr’06

- AAAC, Ballston

- 5/11/06

## JWST Cost Growth Today

- ~$1B net cost growth from POP-04; No change since September 2005
- ~$530M for 22 month launch slip to June 2013.
- Launch vehicle uncertainty and lack of TAA
- Budget profile limitations in FY06 and 07
- Previous budget cuts
- Schedule reduction risk
- ~$177M at NGST
- Reevaluation of I&T effort, additional launcher-related testing requirements, additional ISIM resources, etc
- ~$125M of recommended added contingency funding
- Contingency levels on cost-to-go 19%
- ~$113M in instruments and instrument-related elements
- Change in content (cryo-cooler, IEC, ASIC, IRSU), growth in Microshutter and detector cost, etc
- ~$96M in JWST project growth other than ISIM or NGST
- JSC Chamber modifications, ITA pool, etc

- AAAC, Ballston

- 5/11/06

## Special Review Process

- Many SRT members have prior experience on JWST or relevant experience on other systems
- Team attended System Definition Review at GSFC January 23-27, 2006
- Site meetings held at GSFC February 15-17, 2006, and at NGST March 12-18, 2006
- Special in-depth site/telecon reviews were held at:
- GSFC (Mission Systems Engineering) - telecon
- NGST (Sunshield, Backplane,Thermal Testing)
- Tinsley Corp. (Primary Mirror Segments)
- GSFC (ISIM Structures, Micro-shutter Array, Program Schedules)
- STScI (Mission Operations) – telecon
- Observer on Optical Product Integrity Team (PIT)
- Independent Cost Estimate (ICE) developed
- Out-briefing Process:
- April 7, 2006, GSFC Management Review
- April 12, 2006, Science Mission Directorate Program Management Council
- April 13, 2006, Agency Program Management Council

- AAAC, Ballston

- 5/11/06

## Executive Summary

- Scientific performance meets the expectations of the science community
- Technical content is complete and sound
- GSFC and Contractor teams are effective
- Early year funding constraints are the major re-plan issue

- AAAC, Ballston

- 5/11/06

## Management & Engineering Capability and Strategy

- Worked effectively with the science community to implement Science Assessment Team (SAT) findings
- The team is well integrated, organized, experienced and has strong institutional management support
- The re-plan effectively prioritizes the critical elements:
- Advanced technology development
- Telescope elements
- ISIM development
- Sunshield development
- Critical system interfaces and analyses are prioritized to reduce risk in hardware development and fabrication

- AAAC, Ballston

- 5/11/06

## Management and Engineering Progress

- All flight primary mirror segment blanks are delivered and machining at Axsys is on schedule
- On schedule toward completion of Tinsley mirror fabrication capability in the fall of 2006
- All major contracts and subcontracts definitized
- Agreements with foreign partners for Ariane 5 and science instruments are on track
- Advanced technology development activities are on track for TRL-6 demonstration by early 2007

- AAAC, Ballston

- 5/11/06

## SMD Observations & Plans

- FY07 JWST budget submit is consistent with replan
- Accomplished by rebalancing between programs within Astrophysics Division
- Results of Special Review Team (SRT) consistent w/ expectations
- Solid development plan that includes prudent risk mitigations
- Outstanding team of people
- Low percentage of funding for contingencies up-front (FY06-09) is a issue that will to be addressed as part of POP process this year
- However, Chandra had similar contingency at similar stage
- No need to change cost-to-launch, “rephasing of contingency”
- Agency is conducting internal dialog on the remaining contingency issue for JWST
- Seeking workable solution with adequate levels of contingency and appropriate programmatic mix within the division portfolio
- Solution promised to NASA Administrator in mid-June in time for FY08 budget process.

- AAAC, Ballston

- 5/11/06

## JWST within the Astrophysics Division

- Myth: JWST cost growth is the cause of problems for all other missions/programs
- Current fiscal pressure within Astrophysics Division has multiple causes
- Removal of ~$3B from Science Mission Directorate funding for other higher priority programs
- Astrophysics Division lost $382M in FY07-FY011 budget
- Congressionally directed spending outside planned program
- Approximately 4% of SMD budget directed to Congressionally mandated activities (~$200M)
- Delay in HST SM4
- Original SM4 date, 2002, last budgeted launch date (*i.e.*, before FY07 budget) Nov 2004
- Program cost increases/other problems (launch ordered)
- SOFIA, GLAST, *Kepler*, JWST

- AAAC, Ballston

- 5/11/06

## “Why Can’t JWST Give Up Just $X M to Help Other Missions/Programs?”

- Budget cuts now would cause delay and increase run out costs (see chart 4, note cause of largest pie segment) and create problems starting other missions
- Low contingency (as noted by SRT) levels for project argue against budget cuts
- Division must balance budget year-by-year for 5 years, single year solutions cause problems downstream
- When programs are making progress, have good plans, and are well managed (cf., SRT report) the best solution to minimizing their impact on other division elements budgets is to proceed to launch

- AAAC, Ballston

- 5/11/06

## Summary

- Two Independent Reviews Have Concluded:
- JWST is even more important today than when it was top priority in the 2000 decadal survey
- Mission Science goals met by replanned program
- Technology developments on track
- Project is being managed effectively
- HQ working with Project and astronomical community to solve contingency concerns and programmatic mix within Astrophysics Division
- Best fiscal, programmatic, and science decision is to press with present plans and schedule to technology non-advocate review in January 2007

- AAAC, Ballston

- 5/11/06

## Backup Material

## James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)

- 	_**Mission**_
- First light and reionization
- The assembly of galaxies
- The birth of stars and protoplanetary systems
- Planetary systems and the origins of life
*Optimized for infrared observations (0.6 – 28 ****m)*
- 	_**Organization**_
- Mission Lead:  Goddard Space Flight Center
- International collaboration with ESA & CSA
- Prime Contractor: Northrop Grumman Space Technology
- Instruments:
- Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) – Univ. of Arizona
- Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) – ESA
- Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) – JPL/ESA
- Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) – CSA

- 	_**Description**_
- Deployable telescope w/ 6.5m diameter segmented adjustable primary mirror
- Cryogenic temperature telescope and instruments for infrared performance
- Launch NET June 2013 on an ESA-supplied Ariane 5 rocket to Sun-Earth L2
- 5-year science mission (10-year goal)

**James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)**

**www.JWST.nasa.gov**

- Phase A

- Phase B

- Phase C/D

- Phase E

- Concept Development

- Design, Fabrication, Assembly and Test

- Formulation

- Authorization

- NAR

- Launch

- science operations

- ...

- ICR

- (PNAR)

***Warm, Sun-facing side***

***Cold, space-facing side***

**Integrated**
**Science**
**Instrument**
**Module (ISIM)**

**Optical Telescope Element (OTE)**

**Sunshield**

**Spacecraft Bus**

- T-NAR

- AAAC, Ballston

- 5/11/06

## Special Review Team

| Name | Expertise | Affiliation |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Jeff Jones: Manager | Management | NASA IPAO |
| Jean Olivier: Chair | Project Management, Systems Engineering | Consultant (SAIC), retired NASA |
| Mohan Aswani | I&T, Structures, Materials | The Aerospace Corporation |
| Richard Capps | Technology Development, Space Systems | NASA JPL |
| Glenn Cunningham | Operations, Software | Consultant (SAIC), retired NASA |
| Hamilton Fernandez | Cost Analysis | NASA IPAO |
| Dave Gilmore  | Thermal, Cryo Systems | The Aerospace Corporation |
| Randy VanValkenburg   | Software | NASA LaRC |
| Gus Guastaferro  | Management, Spacecraft Systems | Consultant (SAIC), retired NASA, retired Lockheed Martin |
| John Mangus | Cryogenic Optics | Consultant (SAIC), retired NASA |
| Carl Rice  | Science Instruments, Space Systems | The Aerospace Corporation |
| Ken Sizemore  | Management, Systems Engineering, Instruments | Consultant (SAIC), retired NASA |
| Bill Taylor  | Management, Systems Engineering | Consultant (SAIC), retired NASA |
| Mike Werner  | Science, Cryo Missions | NASA JPL |
| Jaime Belitz  | Schedule Analysis | SWALES |
| Cheryl Malloy  | Launch Vehicles | NASA KSC |

- AAAC, Ballston

- 5/11/06

## Science Assessment Team

| Name | Expertise | Affiliation |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Matt Mountain: Co-chair | Large Optics, Science Management, Adaptive Optics | Gemini Director/STScI Director |
| Peter Stockman: Co-Chair | Observatory operations | STScI |
| Malcolm Longair | Cosmology, active galaxies, galactic evolution | University of Cambridge |
| Kathryn Flanagan | X-ray instrumentation, Astrophysics Division roadmap lead | MIT |
| Christopher McKee | Astrophysical Theory / ISM, Decadal Survey co-author | UC, Berkeley |
| Roberto Abraham | Galaxy morphology and evolution | University of Toronto |
| Bob Gehrz  | Infrared astronomy and instrumentation | University of Minnesota |
| Sara Seager | Extra-solar planets / Giant planets | Carnegie Institution of Washington/DTM |
| Alan Dressler | Clusters of galaxies, galaxy distributions, extra-galactic astronomy | Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington |

- AAAC, Ballston

- 5/11/06