# Presentation: 578783

## Development and Integration of a Human-Centered Volumetric Cockpit Situation Display for Distributed Air-Ground Operations

- Stacie Granada & Arik Quang Dao San Jose State University

- Dominic Wong QSS Group Inc.

- Walter Johnson & Vernol Battiste NASA Ames Research Center

**Notes:**
Purpose: Describe the 3D Volumetric Cockpit Situation Display pilots used in the Distributed Air-Ground Traffic Management simulations at NASA-Ames.

##   Overview

- Brief description of the Distributed Air Ground (DAG) Traffic Management simulations
- Purpose of developing a 3D volumetric Cockpit Situation Display (CSD)
- Demonstration of the functionality of the 3D volumetric CSD and the tools within it.
- Pilot reports of display usability and usefulness

## Overview: DAG Simulations

- Goal was to examine three DAG concept elements which seek to:
- 	Safely increase user efficiency & airspace capacity through a redistribution of the roles & responsibilities which increase user flexibility.

**Notes:**
Point 1) 	En Route Free Maneuvering
		En Route Trajectory Negotiation
		Self-Spacing for Merging & In-Trail Separation for Terminal Arrival

Allowing for a certain level of autonomy on the flight deck 
		A) pilots had full ability to modify their path, so long as they followed a set of predefined rules. 
		B) Controllers responsible for managing traffic, but pilots could submit route change requests

		in order to evaluate any concept where pilots share in Air Traffic Management responsibilities,
		Some sort of Decision Support Tool needed to exist on the flight deck to provide pilots with SA. 

## Purpose of Developing the Ames Cockpit Situation Display

- 	- Provide overall situation awareness on the flight deck
- 	- Provide integrated vertical & horizontal situation 	  	  awareness within one display by providing visual 	 	  momentum
- 	- Facilitate the examination of free flight concepts

**Notes:**
1st bullet) ... by providing pilots with more information regarding the airspace, they can partake in some of the ATM responsibilities.

2nd bullet) ...there was the need for pilots to view the airspace from several vantage points to facilitate in their strategic planning tasks.
The display allowed pilots to flip from a profile view to planar view very easily and because the display incorporates visual momentum,
The pilots could stay oriented from one view to the next.

## 3D Volumetric CSD Demonstration

- Basic traffic depiction
- 4D flight plans / pulse predictor
- Route Assessment Tool
- Conflict Detection & Resolution
- Spacing

- The 3D CSD hosts a suite of decision support tools  that provide pilots with sufficient situation awareness & flight path management capabilities to share in air traffic management decision making.

## Pilot Ratings of CSD Tools

*N = 10; 1 = Not very useable/useful, 5 = Very usable/useful*

## Closing Comments

- In most displays, clutter is an issue that needs to managed as part of the design.
- Of the pilots in the DAG simulations, 33% reported that screen clutter was a problem they felt they were unable to resolve.
- The Ames CSD designers actively worked on the clutter issues here and still continue to do so.

## To Download:

- http://humanfactors.arc.nasa.gov/ihh/cdti/download.html

- OR
- Google: NASA Ames Flight Deck Display

## Pilot Ratings of CSD Tools

- 		     _M_         _SD_	       _M_         _SD_
*Display settings*
-    Display range	    4.9       0.32	       5.0       0.00
-    3D View	    	    4.2       1.14	       4.1       1.29
*Route information*
-    3D flight plans	    4.3       1.34	       4.7       1.00
-    Path predictors	    5.0       0.00	       4.7       0.67
*RAT features*
-    RAT path	    4.5       0.53	       4.6       0.70
-    RAT: drag/drop	    4.5       0.85	       4.6       0.84
*Alerting system*
-    Alert warning	    4.5       0.71	       4.5       0.71
-    Alert symbology   	    4.4       0.52	       4.0       1.05
- N = 10; Scale: 1 = not very usable/useful, 5 = very usable/useful.

## Alerting

## Alerting

## Spacing

## In 1995 the RTCA cited a need for a Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) that could increase situation awareness on the flight deck in order to develop and progress the notion of free flight.

- Answers.com	*Free flight is a developing, efficient air traffic control **	**	**method that uses no centralized control (e.g., air traffic **	**	**controllers). Instead, parts of airspace are reserved **	**	**dynamically and automatically in a distributed way using **	**	**computer communication to ensure the **	**required **	**	**	**separation between aircraft. *
- RTCA* **	**	**Any removal of restrictions on behalf of the user (pilots) is **	**	**a step toward free flight*
*DAG **	**	*

*Mixed equipage      User-preferred routing Trajectory negotiations Pilot self-separation  *