# Presentation: 485748

## Environmental CompatibilityAssessment Workshops	

- Environmental CompatibilityAssessment Workshops

- Frank Murray

##       Disclaimer                                         

**                               **
**      ****Disclaimer ****                                        **

## Key Trends

- Growing Popular Concern (National & International) for the Environment
- Rapid Growth Projected in Air Traffic
- Suburban Sprawl

## Results

- Growing Public Awareness & Concerns Over Noise & Emissions from Aircraft
- Growing Recognition by our Leaders of this Problem
- International Pressures (Kyoto) to Reduce Emissions

## Importance of Aviation to the United States

- Critical to Maintain:
- Economic Growth & Vitality
- Travel for Business & Pleasure
- The Balance of Trade & Leading Manufacturing Exports
- National Prestige & Aviation Leadership

## NASA Three Pillar Goals

- Environmental Goals
**Reduce Perceived Noise Level of Future Aircraft by a Factor of 2 from Today’s Subsonic Aircraft within 10 Years**
**...****by a Factor of 4 within 25 Years**
- Reduce Emissions of Future Aircraft by a Factor of 3 within 10 Years
- ...by a Factor of 5 within 25 Years

## NASA’s Response

- In Response to the Challenge, NASA Established the Environmental Compatibility Assessment Program:
- Establish a Core Team to Coordinate the Research & Technology Development Effort
- Develop Program Recommendations by September 1998

## Core Team Charter

- Assess Feasibility of the Environmental Goals
- Evaluate the Contribution of Current NASA Programs
- Identify Technical Solutions
- Set Priorities
- Build Consensus & Advocacy

## Core Team Selected Methodology

- Conduct a Series of Workshops to Include Key Constituencies & Interests
- Present the Broad Problem & Provide Needed Information
- Provide Key Questions to Focus Workshop Efforts
- Engage Participants in Assessing the Contribution of New Technology in Mitigating Environmental Impacts

## Clear program options!

- What are the environmental issues that are likely to impose fundamental limitations on aviation’s growth?
- What are the technical challenges faced in eliminating the fundamental limitations to aviation’s growth?

- Workshop #3:  Suggest research and technology areas, refine roadmaps, and chart way forward.

- •	Review scenarios
- •	First cut gap analysis
- Strawperson roadmaps
- Customer benefits

- •	Review roadmaps
- •	Priorities - What needs to be started now?
- Fostering creativity
- The way forward

***“******Customer” problems and issues, clarification of “benefits.”***

- Workshop #1:  Shared learning, coalition building with a large, wide group of participants.

***Basis for initiating a search for technology solutions.***

***Clear program options!***

***Must the growth of aviation lead to increased environmental impact?***

## Initial Workshop Questions

- What are the Impacts of Aviation Noise & Emissions on the Environment?
- How Do You Believe These May Affect the Growth of Aviation?
- Must the Growth of Aviation Lead to Increased Environmental Impacts?
- What is the Relationship of the NASA Noise & Emissions Goals to Aviation’s Impact on the Environment?

## Workshops

- I - Atlanta, GA - March 17-19, 1998
- II - Cleveland, OH - May 19-21, 1998
- III - Monterey, CA - July 7-9, 1998
- IV - Colorado Springs - August 12-13, 1999
- Open Forum & Outreach to Interested Parties
- Participants (Average: 95/Workshop)
**Affiliations Represented:**
**Industry                     •  Consultants**
**Airports                      •  Academia**
**Airlines**
**Federal & State Government Agencies **
**Environment & Transportation-Related Organizations**

## Industry Representatives

- Aerodyne Research, Inc.	     Lockheed Martin
- Allied Signal		         Northrop Grumman
- Allison			               Pratt & Whitney
- BFGoodrich Aerospace	                  Sverdrup
- Boeing				                       TRW
- General Electric		       GKN Westland

## Airport/Airline Representatives

- Airports
**Chicago O’Hare****	****       Nashville International**
**Dallas-Ft. Worth****	****        Oakland International**
**Hartsfield Atlanta****	****        San Jose International**
**Los Angeles****	****	****                    Seattle Tacoma**
- Airlines
**Delta****	****	****	****United****	****	****America**

## Federal & State Government Representatives

- California Department of Transportation
- Department of Energy
- Environmental Protection Agency
- Federal Aviation Administration
- National Aeronautics & Space Administration
- The White House
- The Port Authority of New York
- United States Air Force

## Organization Representatives

- National Research Council/Academy of Science & Engineering Board
- Aerospace Industries Association of America
- Air Transport Association
- Center for Clean Air Policy
- CALSTART
- General Aviation Manufacturing Association
- The Mitre Corporation
- Environmental Defense Fund
- Natural Resources Defense Council

## Academia/Consultants Representatives

- Academia
**Georgia Institute of Technology**
**Massachusetts Institute of Technology**
**University of Maryland****	**
**Wichita State University**
- Consultants
**Camp Dresser & McKee, Inc.**
**Cutler & Stanfield**
**Gailbraith Association**
**GRA, Inc.****	****	****	**
**Landrum & Brown**
**McDermott, Will & Emery**
**Synergy Consultants**
**Transportation Solutions, Inc.**
**Wyle Laboratories**

##           Workshop ITheme:  Define the Problem

**                **_**Noise Breakout Group:**_
***Goals Unclear Vis-a-Vis Perceived Problem**
***Metrics & Models Inadequate**
***Plan Needs to Balance Near & Far-Term      Research & Basic & Focused Research**
***No Strategy for Other Deployment Issues (Cost, Safety, etc.) for Success**

## Workshop ITheme:  Define the Problem

- Workshop ITheme:  Define the Problem

**Noise Breakout Group:**
**Goals Unclear Vis-a-Vis Perceived Problem**
**Metrics & Models Inadequate**
**Plan Needs to Balance Near & Far-Term Research & Basic & Focused Research**
**No Strategy for Other Deployment Issues (Cost, Safety, etc.) for Success**
**Emissions Breakout Group:**
**Plan is Needed to Balance Evolutionary & Revolutionary Research**
**System Approach Needed to Maximize the Benefits of New Technology, Operational Improvements & Procedural Changes**
**Improve Methods to Evaluate Trade-offs Between Emission Strategies, eg., NOx vs. CO2**
**Need Improved Understanding of Ozone Chemistry**

##       Emission Breakout Group*Plan is Needed to Balance Evolutionary & Revolutionary   Research*System Approach Needed to Maximize the Benefits of New Technology, Operational Improvements & Procedural Changes*Improve Methods to Evaluate Trade-offs Between Emission Strategies, eg., NOx vs. CO2*Need Improved Understanding of Ozone Chemistry

## Principles from Workshop I

- Principles from Workshop I

- The Objective is Not to Limit the Growth of Aviation
- Everyone Must “Pay Some of the Freight”
- Levels of Noise & Emissions Must be Clearly Defined

## Workshop IITheme:  Exchange Information & Discuss Concepts

- Workshop IITheme:  Exchange Information & Discuss Concepts

- Provide Briefings on Issues from Workshop I
- Examine Scenarios
- Analyze the Gap (Between Goals & Scenarios)
- Present Strawman Roadmaps
- Propose Technology Concepts

## Workshop IIITheme:  Feedback

- Workshop IIITheme:  Feedback

- Assess Strawman Roadmaps
- Revisit Gap Analysis
- Present Final 4 Questions to 3 Breakout Groups:
- Industry/Consultants
- Operators/Airports/Airlines
- NGO/Community/State

## Workshop IIIFinal 4 Questions

- Workshop IIIFinal 4 Questions

**Goals:  **
**Will the Attainment of the Goals Satisfy Your Environmental Concerns?**
**Investment Strategy:  **
**Does the NASA Research & Development Strategy Appear to be Appropriate?**
**Roadmaps:**
**Have the Roadmaps Properly Leveraged On-Going Programs & Reached an Appropriate Balance Between Near-Term & Far-Term Goals?**
**What Programs Need to be Started as Soon as Possible?**
**Moving Forward:**
**Would a Continuing Communication with NASA Regarding These Issues & Programs be of Value to Your Organization?**
**What Role Would You be Willing to Play in Furthering the Pursuit of These Research Objectives?**

## Feedback - Goals

- Will the Attainment of the Goals Satisfy Your Environmental Concerns?
- Answers Varied From Qualified Yes to a Qualified No.  Key Points Included:
**Three Pillar Goals are Technology Goals...Public Concerns are Levels of Emissions & Noise from the Fleet of Operating Aircraft**
**Other Criteria (Safety, Affordability, etc.) Must be Part of Any Solution**
**Appropriateness of the Noise & Emissions Goals are Questioned (e.g., the Use of a 20-dB Reduction for Light Aircraft)**

## Feedback - Strategy

- Does the NASA Strategy Appear to be Appropriate?
- Generally, the Strategy is Appropriate, as Far as it Goes, but...
**Address Other Types of Aircraft**
**Funding for Development of Promising Technologies Through Technology Readiness Level 6**
**Stronger Research Coordination...NASA & Other Agencies**
**Strategy Extended Beyond Research & Technology for Overall Success (e.g., Acceptance, certification, regulation, operations, etc. )**

## Feedback - Roadmaps

**Have the Roadmaps Reached Appropriate Near & Far-Term Balance? Identify Technologies to be Pursued ASAP?**
**Near-Term Solutions -  Focus on Improved Efficiency, Better Models and Systems Studies**
**Interim Action -  Pursue Operational Improvements (e.g., CNS/ATM) & AST Developments (via Retrofit)**
**Far-Term NASA Role is Crucial - “NASA Has a Critical Role to Play in a Basic R&D Program & in ‘Thinking Outside the Box!’” (Zero Emission Aircraft)**
**Do Not Pursue Alternative Carbon-Based Fuels - All the Problems Associated with a New Fuel Infrastructure & Few Benefits**

## Feedback - Roadmaps (Continued)

- Leveraged Other Government & Industry Programs?
- Coordination Not Reflected in the Roadmaps
- Coordinate with Other NASA Goals (Safety, Cost, etc.)
- Look at Military Programs
- NASA Should Take the Lead in This Coordination Effort

## Feedback - Moving Forward

- Feedback - Moving Forward

- What Form of Continuing Communication with NASA Would be of Value?  In What Way Would You be Willing to Participate in Pursuit of These Research Objectives?
- All Groups...Continue Communication with NASA...Willing to be Actively Involved
**Steering Committee Modeled After the AST Noise Steering Group**
**Expand Participation to Other Relevant Groups**
**Six-Month Progress Reports, Test Results & POCs**
**Reports or Articles Understandable to the Layman**
**Continuation of the ECoA Website...Add Hot Links**

## Feedback - Moving ForwardPart 2

- Feedback - Moving ForwardPart 2

- In What Way Would You be Willing to Participate in Pursuit of These Research Objectives?
**Information & Education...Increase Public Awareness & Educate Constituencies & Educate Decision-Makers**
**Forums for Discussion at Conventions, Association Meetings....**
**Airport Facilities as Test Beds for Development Programs**
**Time & Expertise to Review Program Proposals & to Identify Constituent Concerns**

## Insights

- Impacts on Aviation Viewed as More Immediate
- Emphasis on Improved Efficiency
- Improved Models  (Noise & Local Air Quality) Given High Priority
- Strategies Must Go Beyond Research for Success
- Sincerity & Uniformity Regarding Continued Involvement

## Bottom Lines

- General Support for the Program
- Want to be Involved & Have a Say
- Are Willing to Step Out Front
- Communication Needs to Continue

## Post Workshop Follow-Ups

- Post Workshop Follow-Ups

**Steering Group - Modeled on the AST Noise Steering Group**** (Meet Twice a Year)**
**Senior Strategy Group**
**Two Technical Panels**
**Annual Workshop**
**Two-Way Information Exchange **
**Two or Three Days**
**Website...Continue & Expand**** **
**Program Progress Reports/POCs**
**Layman’s Language Reports**
**Calendar of Events**

## What Next?

- The Ball is in NASA’s Court.....

## Workshop IV -- New ChallengesThemes

- NASA Budget Constraints
- Stakeholder Impact
- Four Key Questions
- Strategies

## The Budget Picture

- Mike Mann, Assoc. Adm for Aerospace Tech
- Cuts compromise program goals
- Bob Pearce, Dir. Of Goals Division
- Need to Focus Public Attention on the cost of not achieving goals
- Rich Christensen, Director of Programs
- High Speed Research -- Terminated
- Key Capabilities & Facilities -- Threatened
- Partnership Programs -- Cut

## First Question

- Considering your needs, current NASA Programs and investment strategies, ..., is a national policy/strategy necessary to direct NASA/FAA to have ... Noise & Emissions Programs?  If so
- *  What should be the critical elements...?
- *  What are the pros and cons?
- *  How do we collectively achieve it?

## Responses 

- After discussion ... Yes! We need a Policy.
- Education should be conducted re: the tenuous status of the Noise Program.
- Expertise and Facilities for R & D were in danger of being lost.
- Long term R & D needed to be appropriately funded to have a viable program.

## Second Question 

- From the near and far-term view, what are the appropriate roles in developing these technologies for NASA/FAA, industry and other organizations?
- * Given the current budget situation?
- * Given further budget cuts?

## Response for NASA

- NASA
- Budget Cuts will result in a Minimal role for NASA in noise research
- Forced to move toward long-term research
- No long-term noise improvements  -- (This prospect was deemed to be unacceptable to nearly all of the participants.)

## Response for FAA

- FAA
- Continue to focus on insulation,
- Continue certification
- Update models

## Response for Industry

- Industry
- Focus on short term research
- Market driven responses
- All entities should communicate their concerns regarding the state of affairs and the consequences.

## Third Question

- Are the current programs (industry & agencies) adequate and rightly paced to meet National and International environmental needs?
- * What changes should be made?
- * If NASA cannot pursue its programs, how would it impact you?

## Responses

- * Changes
- 	- Increase NASA funding
- 	- NASA Needs a more Focused Program
- * Impact on Participants
- 	- Constrained Operations at Airports 		would increase.
- 	- Technical leadership would be lost.
- 	- No plan to improve aircraft and core 		competencies and facilities ... lost.
- 	- Cost of aircraft will increase.

## Fourth Question

- What is the right approach to achieve a win/win situation of operational benefit and environmental improvements?

## General Response

- The need for the program has not been effectively communicated
- Must develop a “NEEDS” message (with Apollo-like appeal)
- Stakeholders need to be involved in public education

## Further Reflection

- Improving Noise Reduction is a shared responsibility.
- Establish a team to develop a Noise Strategy.
- set priorities
- communicate Concerns
- develop and exchange information, presentations, points of contact, contact your senior managers about the problem.

## Observations

- Little “going-in” awareness of the Budget Problems outside NASA
- A persuasive argument for ECOA is needed to marshal support for the program
- Should be developed by NASA
- Should be COMMUNICATED by ALL

## The Beginning?

## The End?

- Or