# Presentation: 455406

## Geomagnetic Activities in Pakistan (From 2006 - to Date)

- By
- Madeeha A, G Murtaza, J L Rasson and A Khan
- IAGA Workshop
- 9 – 18 June, 2008

**Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission**

## Contents

_**Contents**_

**Geographical Status of Pakistan**
**Geomagnetic Activities of SUPARCO**
**Upgradation of Karachi Observatory**
**Establishment of Islamabad Observatory**
**Restoration of Quetta Observatory**
**Future Plans**
**Commercial Aspects**
**Collaboration/Training**

##  Geographical Status of Pakistan

** ****Location: Southern Asia (23-40o N, 60-80****o**** E) **
**Area:**_[ ](http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#2147)__     __total: 803,940 sq km __land: 778,720 sq km __water: 25,220 sq km _
**Coastline:**** 1,046 km **
**Land boundaries: total: 6,774 km ****Border countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, **
**China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km**
**Elevation extremes:****    ****Lowest point: Arabian Sea: 0 m ****Highest point: K2: 8,611 m**
**Terrain:****    **** Three major geographic areas**
**Northern highlands (Himalaya, Korakoram & Hindu Kush)**
**Indus river plain (rolling sand dunes of Thar Desert, Fertile Tharparkar desert & Fertile plains)**
**Baluchistan plateau (dry hilly deserts)**

## Geomagnetic Activities of SUPARCO

**Operate two geomagnetic observatories**
**Issue geomagnetic storms warning**
**Prepare geomagnetic monthly bulletin**
**Research activities**

## Geographic Locations of Observatories in Pakistan

**Islamabad**

**Karachi**

**Quetta**

_**Geographic Locations of Observatories in Pakistan**_

**Latitude: 30****o ****21****’ ****36****”**** **
**Longitude: 67****o ****01****’ ****12****”**

**Latitude: 33****o ****27’ 0.3”**
**Longitude: 73****o ****04’ 53” **

**Latitude: 24****o ****56****’ ****51.4****”**
**Longitude: 67****o ****08****’ ****15.9****”**

**INDIA**

**AFGHANISTAN**

**IRAN**

**CHINA**

**ARABIAN SEA**

## Installed in 1983 at Karachi
Fluxgate Magnetometer Resolution = 1nT
Range = ±70,000γ
PPM Resolution = 0.1nT
Accuracy = ±0.4nT
Range = ±1200nT

**Fluxgate Magnetometer Electronics**

**Triaxial Fluxgate**
** ****Sensor Head**

_**Up-Gradation of Karachi Observatory**_

**Automatic Magnetic Observatory System (AMOS-III)**

**Installed in 1983 at Karachi**
**Fluxgate Magnetometer Resolution = 1nT**
**Range = ±70,000****γ**
**PPM Resolution = 0.1nT**
**Accuracy = ±0.4nT**
**Range = ±1200nT**

**AMOS-III**

**EDA Fluxgate Magnetometer type 105B**

**Installed in Nov 2007 at Karachi**
**Fluxgate Magnetometer Resolution = ±0.25nT**
**Range = ±1600nT**

**(Cont.)**

## EDA2Gdas System Software

**EDA2Gdas System Software**
** **

## Absolute Measurements

**Tavistock Theodolite Type-II**

**Resolution of Fluxgate Magnetometer is 0.1nT**
**Scale is in grad**

**Resolution of Fluxgate Magnetometer is 0.1nT **
**Scale is in dms**

**Absolute Measurements**

## Baseline Calculation

**Manually calculated baselines of H, D & Z components**

**Software calculated baselines of H, D & Z components**

## INTERMAGNET

**Regularly upload data to INTERMAGNET, Karachi observatory data available from Nov 9, 2007 - to date**

**INTERMAGNET**

## Establishment of Islamabad Observatory

_**Establishment of Islamabad Observatory**_

**Absolute measurement **
**from T010 theodolite**** **

**Installation of dIdD magnetometer **

**(Cont.)**

## dIdD Output

## Restoration of Quetta Observatory

**Quetta Observatory was established in 1934 **

## Future Plans

**Shifting of geomagnetic observatory from Karachi to Sonmiani**
**Repeat station work**
**Magnetic Mapping**
**Geomagnetic studies**

**(Cont.)**

## Approx 85km north of Karachi
Geographic Coordinates:
         Latitude: 24o 06' 48" 
         Longitude: 66o 27' 0.2"
Magnetically Clean Environment
Calculated declination is
     00o 04' 42" 

-  **Shifting of Geomagnetic observatory from**** Karachi to Sonmiani**

**Approx 85km north of Karachi**
**Geographic Coordinates:**
**         ****Latitude: 24****o**** 06****'**** 48****"**
**         ****Longitude: 66****o**** 27****'**** 0.2****"**
**Magnetically Clean Environment**
**Calculated declination is**
**     ****00****o**** 04****'**** 42****"**** **

**(Cont.)**

- Future Plans

##  Repeat Station Work (with the collaboration of IRM, Belgium)

**Multan**

**Skardu**

**Multan**
**     ****Latitude:    30****o**** 11' 06"**
**     ****Longitude: 71****o**** 26' 24“**
**     ****Situated near Chenab River**
**     ****Fertile Plain **

**Skardu**
**     ****Latitude:    35****o**** 20' 16"**
**     ****Longitude: 75****o**** 32' 24****"**
**     ****Situated on Northern Side**
**     ****Mountainous plain**

**Karachi**

**Quetta**

**(Cont.)**

**Islamabad**

- Future Plans

##  Magnetic Mapping

-  **Geomagnetic Studies**

-  **Magnetic Survey of Pakistan**
** ****Use of local data (if any)**
** ****Contribute in the Global Magnetic Models**

-  **Study of Magnetosphere- Ionosphere coupling**
** ****Study of Pre & Post Earthquake effects on Geomagnetic Field  **
** ****Effects of magnetic storms on communication**

- Future Plans

## Commercial Aspects

**Provide services to aviation**
**Magnetic Storms alerts to HF data users**
**Provide services to oil/minerals exploration companies**

## Collaboration / Training

**Seek collaborative work/studies**
**Field survey training related to aviation work**
**Suggestions/ideas for revenue generation**

## Thanx For Kind Attention