# Presentation: 266471

## National Positioning Navigation and Timing
 Architecture Update
Civil GPS Service Interface Committee Meeting

Karen Van Dyke, DOT/RITA/Volpe Center
LCDR Jeff Vicario, National Security Space Office
24 September 2007

** ****Architecture Update**
- Civil GPS Service Interface Committee Meeting
- Karen Van Dyke, DOT/RITA/Volpe Center
- LCDR Jeff Vicario, National Security Space Office
- 24 September 2007

**UNCLASSIFIED**

**Submitted for approval for public release, distribution unlimited; not yet approved**

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## Overview

- PNT Architecture Background
- Architecture Development
- Guiding Principles
- Draft “Should Be” Architecture

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

##  PNT Architecture Background

- Study requested by
- Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration
- Under Secretary of Transportation for Policy
- National Space-based PNT Executive Committee
- Justification - PNT Strategic Landscape is Changing
- Gaps in current capabilities
- Insufficient unity of effort towards future PNT capabilities
- Products
- 20 year strategic outlook to guide near and mid-term decisions on PNT capabilities

- TOP SECRET//SI//TK//25X1

## National PNT Architecture Scope

- Military
- Homeland
- Security
- Civil
- Commercial

- Space
- Air
- Surface
- Sub-Surface

- Location Based Services
- Tracking
- Survey
- Scientific
- Recreation
- Transportation
- Machine Control
- Agriculture
- Weapons
- Orientation
- Communications and Timing

- GNSS
- GNSS Augmentation
- Terrestrial
- NAVAIDS
- Onboard / User Equip
- Networks

- Military
- Civil
- Commercial
- International

- USERS

- DOMAIN

- MISSIONS

- PROVIDERS

- SOURCES

- Broad Scope Requires Innovative Approaches and Focused Analysis Efforts

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## PNT Architecture Stakeholders

- Dept of Defense / Networks and Information Integration
- Dept of Transportation / RITA
- Dept of Commerce
- Dept of Homeland Security
- Dept of State
- NASA
- National Coordination Office for Space-Based PNT
- Dept of Transportation / FAA
- Dept of Transportation / FHWA
- Dept of Transportation / FRA
- Department of Interior / USGS
- National Security Agency
- National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

- US Army
- US Navy
- US Air Force
- US Marine Corps
- US Coast Guard
- US Strategic Command
- Joint Staff
- Air Force Space Command
- Space & Missile Systems Center
- Dept of Defense / S&T
- US Naval Observatory
- National Institute of Standards and Technology
- Joint Planning Development Office
- Policy Board on Federal Aviation

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## Cumulative Process

***Data Gathering***

***Concept Development***

***Analysis & Assessment***

**Needs & Gaps**

**Environment, Technology****& Evolved Baseline**

***Community Involvement***

**Architecture Development Team, Subject Matter Experts,**
**Small Working Groups ****& Industry**

**Trade Space, **
**Features & Architectures**

**Analytical Framework**

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## PNT Evolved Baseline (2025)

**EMI**

**EMI**

**GPS**

**Tracking**

**Celestial**

**Star Trackers**

**Commercial Augmentations**

**Beacons**

**ENABLERS & INFRASTRUCTURE**

**USNO**

**NIST**

**Star Catalogs**

**Cryptography**

**Modeling**

**Standards**

**Science & Technology**

**Policies**

**Mapping/Charting/Geodesy**

**Electro Optical Info.**

**Reference Frames**

**NGA**

**NGS**

**NSA**

**Testing**

**Industrial Base**

**Laser Ranging Network**

**Launch**

- Version 21 Aug 2007

**User Interface Orgs**

**Inertial**

**Clocks**

**Space Comm & **
**Nav Arch**

**WAAS**

**GALILEO**

**Cell Phone Networks**

**TASS**

**GAGAN**

**GLONASS**

**EGNOS**

**Commercial **
**Augmentations**

**Time Transfer**

**WAGE**
**ZMDS**

**NigComsat -1 SBAS**

**Compass**

**IRNSS**

**QZSS**

**MTSAT**

**Doppler**

**Tercom**

**ASI**

**GDGPS**

**NDGPS**
**MDGPS**

**eLORAN**

**IGS**

**VOR/DME, TACAN**

**ILS, NDB**

**GBAS Cat-I**

**Time Transfer**

**Compass**

**Pedometers**

**CORS**

**JPALS**

**NAVCEN**

**GPSOC**

**NOCC**

**Time Transfer**

- Yellow font = New compared to “As Is” 2007 Architecture

**UNCLASSIFIED**

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## Primary PNT Gaps

- Gaps primarily drawn from military’s PNT Joint Capabilities Document, with additions and modifications from parallel civil community documents and discussions
- Physically Impeded Environments
- Electromagnetically Impeded Environments
- Higher accuracy with integrity
- Notification of Hazardously Misleading Info (Integrity)
- High Altitude/Space Position and Orientation
- Geospatial information - access to improved GIS data (regarding intended path of travel)
- Insufficient modeling capability

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## PNT User Perspectives (2025)

-  Framework to describe user needs & environments, and which users are affected by each capability gap

- Version 18 Jul 2007

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## Primary Objective of the Architecture

*Near & Mid Term Decisions Guided by Architecture*

*Based on Long Term Vision*

*Without Enterprise Architecture Strategy*

***Capability***

*Should-Be Architecture*

*Evolved Baseline (EBL)*

*As-Is Architecture*

**System Emphasis**

**Architecture****Emphasis**

***Now******	******5 Years******	******10 Years******	******15 Years******	******20 Years***

*“...**provide more effective and efficient PNT capabilities focused on**  the 2025 timeframe and an evolutionary path for government**  provided systems and services.”**	**-- Terms of Reference*

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## Status of PNT Architecture Effort

- Proposed National PNT Architecture recommendations presented to National PNT Architecture Decision Coordination Group on 14 Aug 2007
- Study sponsors support recommendations in principle
- National Coordination Office for Space-Based PNT requested to coordinate an Executive Steering Group review of architecture recommendations
- Review and comment resolution in progress

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## Guiding Principles

***S******UPPORTING ******V******ECTOR***
**Cooperative Organizational Structures**

***S******UPPORTING ******V******ECTOR***
**Fusion of PNT with Communications**

***V******ISION***
**US Leadership in Global PNT**

***S******TRATEGY***
**Greater Common Denominator**

***P******RIMARY ******V******ECTOR***
**Multiple Phenomenologies**

***P******RIMARY ******V******ECTOR***
**Interchangeable Solutions**

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## National PNT Architecture Vision

- Embrace & expand upon the US Space-Based PNT Policy
- Efficiently (cost, schedule, acceptable risks, user impact) develop and field the best technologies and systems
- Promulgate stable policies (commitment to funding, commitment to performance, advanced notice of change, etc)
- Foster innovation through commercial competition
- Ensure robust and enduring inter-agency coordination and cooperation
- Maximize the practical use of military, civil, commercial and foreign systems and technologies
- Judiciously develop and apply standards and best practices

**US Leadership in Global PNT**

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## National PNT Architecture Strategy

- Satisfy common needs with common solutions
- Predominantly a “dependent” architecture where users rely upon external sources
- Leverage ongoing US GNSS modernization to assure global service and support national interests
- Promote wide adoption of low-burden “autonomous” features for robustness
- Specialized needs still require specialized solutions
- Balance provided or enabled capabilities with the need for a military PNT advantage

**The US can Best Achieve Efficiency and Effectiveness ****through a Greater Common Denominator Approach**

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## High Level Vectors

**Use Multiple Phenomenologies to the ****Maximum Extent Practical to Ensure Robust Availability**

**Strive for Interchangeable Solutions to ****Enhance Efficiency and Exploit Source Diversity**

**Pursue Fusion of PNT with ****New and Evolving Communications Capabilities**

**Promote Interagency Coordination & Cooperation to ****Ensure the Necessary levels of Information Sharing**

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## “Should-Be” PNT Architecture (2025)

- “Should-Be” PNT Architecture (2025)

**EMI**

**EMI**

**GPS**

**Tracking**

**Celestial**

**Star Trackers**

**Commercial Augmentations**

**Beacons**

**ENABLERS & INFRASTRUCTURE**

**USNO**

**NIST**

**Star Catalogs**

**Cryptography**

**Modeling**

**Standards**

**Science & Technology**

**Policies**

**Mapping/Charting/Geodesy**

**Electro Optical Info.**

**Reference Frames**

**NGA**

**NGS**

**NSA**

**Testing**

**Industrial Base**

**Laser Ranging Network**

**Launch**

- Version 22 Aug 2007

**Networks**

**User Interface Orgs**

**Pseudolites & Beacons**

**Geospatial Data**

**PNT User**
**Equipment**

**Autonomous**

**Inertial**

**Sensors & Sensor Aiding**

**Clocks**

**Wireless **
**Networks**

**Space Comm & **
**Nav Arch**

**Pseudolites**

**SATCOM**

***Aiding Data & Ranging Signals***

***Fusion of PNT with Communications***

***Multiple Phenomenologies***

**Ground Based Radio Freq**

**Foreign GNSS**

**Cell Phone Networks**

**Pseudolites & Beacons**

**PNT signal monitoring**

**Evolved**
**GNSS Augmentation**

**Foreign Regional Nav**

***Interchangeable Solutions***

***Cooperative Organizational Structures***

- DRAFT

**Environment**

**Weather**

**Geo-political**

**Fiscal**

**Spectrum**

**Navwar**

**Interference**

**Technological**

**Demographics**

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## Next Steps

- Complete National Space-based PNT Executive Steering Group (ESG) review of PNT Architecture recommendations
- Sponsors (Asst Sec Def for Networks and Info Integration and Under Sec of Transportation for Policy) review and approve National PNT Architecture recommendations in an Architecture Decision Memorandum
- Workshop to Obtain Public Feedback on Recommendations
- NSSO, RITA & NII oversee development of detailed transition and implementation planning
- Architecture Implementation Memorandum
- Approved event-based implementation timeline
- Coordinate through Decision Coordination Group members and co-sponsors as appropriate
- Influence update to PNT planning documents
- Federal Radionavigation Plan
- Five-Year National Space-Based PNT Plan

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## Points of Contact

- Karen Van Dyke
- DOT/RITA/Volpe Center
- vandyke@volpe.dot.gov
- 617-494-2432

- Lieutenant Commander Jeff Vicario
- NSSO
- jeff.vicario@osd.mil
- nsso.pnt@osd.mil
- 571-432-1535

- A copy of this brief will be posted at _[http://www.acq.osd.mil/nsso/pnt/pnt.htm](http://www.acq.osd.mil/nsso/pnt/pnt.htm)__  _
- as well as on CGSIC meeting website

- Acknowledgement of additional co-authors:
- CAPT Milton Abner, NSSO
- CAPT James Dalberg, NSSO
- Lt Col Shawn Brennan, NSSO
- Lt Col John Maguire, NSSO
- CDR Ed Kneller, NSSO
- CDR Eric Watkiss, NSSO
- Jules McNeff, OSD/NII
- Kent Hyatt, OSD/NII

- John Anton, NSSO
- Jennifer Buchanan, NSSO
- Michael David, NSSO
- John Emilian, NSSO
- Paul Popejoy, NSSO
- David Schoonenberg, NSSO
- James Wentworth, NSSO
- Mary Zappi, NSSO

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## BACKUP SLIDES 
AVAILABLE FOR PRESENTATION 
USE ONLY IF NEEDED

- AVAILABLE FOR PRESENTATION
- USE ONLY IF NEEDED

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## Related Efforts & Upcoming Decisions

- Recent & Upcoming Decisions
- Future of eLORAN
- Future of NDGPS and High Accuracy NDGPS
- Backup SATNAV Tasking
- Backup PNT Needs (ADS-B, NGATS, Timing Infrastructure)
- GPS III and OCX Acquisition Strategies

**National PNT Architecture**

**DOT and FAA**** **
** ****Aviation Navigation Evolution Roadmap**

**National Coordination Office for Space-Based PNT **
** ****5-Year Plan & Assessment**
** ****Alternate Financing Study**

**DOD**
** ****DOD PNT S&T Roadmap update**

**USSTRATCOM**
** ****PNT Joint Capabilities Document**
** ****PNT Functional Solutions Analysis**

**NSSO**
** ****NSS Program Assessment**
** ****NSS Plan**

**RAND**** **
** ****Ensuring Effective PNT**

**Joint Planning & Development Office**
** ****Next Generation Air Transportation System**

- MAINTAIN SHARED SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## “As-Is” PNT Architecture (2007)

- “As-Is” PNT Architecture (2007)

**EMI**

**EMI**

**GPS**

**Tracking**

**Celestial**

**Star Trackers**

**Commercial Augmentations**

**Beacons**

**ENABLERS & INFRASTRUCTURE**

**USNO**

**NIST**

**Star Catalogs**

**Cryptography**

**Modeling**

**Standards**

**Science & Technology**

**Policies**

**Mapping/Charting/Geodesy**

**Electro Optical Info.**

**Reference Frames**

**NGA**

**NGS**

**NSA**

**Testing**

**Industrial Base**

**Laser Ranging Network**

**Launch**

- Version 21 Aug 2007

**User Interface Orgs**

**Inertial**

**Clocks**

**WAAS**

**GALILEO**
**(GIOVE-A)**

**Cell Phone Networks**

**TASS**

**GLONASS**

**EGNOS**

**Commercial **
**Augmentations**

**Time Transfer**

**WAGE**
**ZAOD**

**Compass**

**MTSAT**

**Doppler**

**Tercom**

**ASI**

**GDGPS**

**NDGPS**
**MDGPS**

**IGS**

**VOR/DME, TACAN**

**ILS, NDB**

**GBAS Cat-I**

**Time Transfer**

**Compass**

**Pedometers**

**CORS**

**NAVCEN**

**GPSOC**

**NOCC**

**Time Transfer**

**LORAN-C**

**AAI**

**UNCLASSIFIED**

**Environment**

**Weather**

**Geo-political**

**Fiscal**

**Spectrum**

**Navwar**

**Interference**

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

**Notes:**
This slide is UNCLASSIFIED

## Industry Day Participants (Sep-Oct 06)

- On-Grid
- Analytical Graphics Incorporated
- Oak Ridge National Labs
- Boeing Commercial Aircraft
- Lockheed Martin IS&S
- Jet Propulsion Lab
- Boeing Phantom Works

- Advanced Navigation & Positioning Corporation
- NavComTech
- OmniStar
- SiRF
- AeroAstro
- NAVSYS Corp
- Viasat
- Advanced Research Corporation
- USGIC

- Boeing Navigation & Communication Systems
- Honeywell
- Booz Allen Hamilton
- International Loran Association
- Rockwell Collins
- AFRL – AFIT ANT
- Penn State ARL
- Raytheon
- A-B-Sea Research

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## PNT Architecture Workshop at Volpe26 April 07, DOT Volpe Center

- Institute of Navigation
- GPS World Magazine
- Boeing
- Booz Allen Hamilton
- Giftet Inc.
- OnGrid
- GPS Industry Council
- NavComTech
- Rockwell Collins
- LMCO
- Alion Science & Technology
- Advanced Research Corp
- Omnistar
- Megapulse

- Ohio University
- Chungnam National University
- NIST
- STRATCOM
- USCG C2CEN
- Navy JPALS Team
- DOT/FHWA
- Oak Ridge National Lab
- MITRE
- DoD (Retired)
- FAA
- GPS World review _[http://](http://sidt.gpsworld.com/gpssidt/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=422965)__[sidt.gpsworld.com/gpssidt/article/articleDetail.jsp?id](http://sidt.gpsworld.com/gpssidt/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=422965)__[=422965](http://sidt.gpsworld.com/gpssidt/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=422965)_

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

## Three Themes (Hybrid Architectures) 

- _Hybrid A_
- Common solutions for many users
- Horizontal integration
- Greatest common denominator
- Emphasis on global and long range broadcasts direct to users

- _Hybrid B_
- Common solutions for many users
- Horizontal integration
- Greatest common denominator
- Emphasis on networks

- _Hybrid C_
- Specialized solutions for each user group
- Vertical integration
- Least common denominator
- Emphasis on autonomous solutions

- UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY