# Presentation: 271256

## Tools for Science-based Prevention

**Tools for Science-based Prevention**

**The Southwest Center for the **
**Application of Prevention Technologies**
**Mike Lowther**

## Overview

**  ****Prevention: a view of the world**
**  ****Thinking logically**
**  ****Tools for:**
**	****Comprehensiveness, Science, and ****	**** Implementation**

**Overview**

## What is Prevention?

**What is Prevention?**

**The active *****process *****of creating**
***conditions***** and/or *****attributes***** that**
**promote the well-being of people.**

## Process

**Program**
**Activity**
**Practice**

**Policy**
**Initiative**
**Strategy**

**Process**

## Individual 

**Individual **
**Attributes**

**Environmental **
**Conditions**

## Conditions

**Conditions**

**Family**

**Traditions**

**Neighborhood**

**Peers**

**Norms**

## Attributes

**Personality**
**Skills**
**Values**
**Knowledge**

**Attributes**

## Behaviors

**Behaviors**

**  ****Drug Use and Abuse**
**  ****Alcohol Use and Abuse**
**  ****Tobacco Use**
**  ****Violence**
**  ****Related Behaviors - suicide, **
**    ****dropout, delinquency, etc**
**    **

## Logic Model

- <date/time>

**Current Behavior **

**     ****Desired Behavior**

** **

** ****Current Conditions**

** **

**    **

**Desired Conditions**

**      **

**       **

**& Attributes**

**     **

**    ****STRATEGIES**

**Logic Model**

**& Attributes**

## Needs Assessment

**Needs Assessment**

**Current Drug Use**** **

** **

**  **** ****Current Conditions**

** **

**    **

**& Attributes**

**       **

**     **

** ****Brainstorm behaviors of concern**
** ****Select priority behaviors**
** ****Assess behaviors**

**Current Drug Use**

**      **

**Current Conditions**

**For each priority concern:**
**  ****Identify conditions**
**  ****Identify attributes**

**& Attributes**

## Assessment Checklist

**How big is the problem?**
**Is the problem rising or declining?**
**Where do you see the problem happening?**
**When does the problem occur?**
**How serious is the problem?**
**Who is effected?**
**How does the system respond?**

**Assessment Checklist**

## Needs Assessment

**Current Drug Use**** **

** **

**  **** ****Current Conditions**

** **

**    **

**& Attributes**

**      **

**       **

**     **

**Needs Assessment**

** ****Brainstorm behaviors of concern**
** ****Select priority behaviors**
** ****Assess behaviors**

**Current Drug Use**

**      **

**Current Conditions**

**For each priority concern:**
**  ****Identify conditions**
**  ****Identify attributes**

**& Attributes**

## Risk and Protective Factors

**Risk and Protective Factors**

**Domains**

**Society**
**Community**
**Family**
**School**
**Individual/Peer**

## Measurable

**Measurable**
**Goals and Objectives**

**Decreased Drug Use**

** **

**   ****Current Conditions**

** **

**    **

**Desired Conditions **

**& Attributes**

**      **

**       **

**&** **Attributes**

**     **

**Current Drug Use**** **

**(Assessment Data)**

**(Goals/Objectives)**

## Measurable

**Desired  Behavior**

** **

** **

**    **

**Desired Conditions**

**      **

**       **

**& Attributes**

**     **

**(Goal)**

**(Objective)**

**Measurable**
**Goals and Objectives**

**For each**** ****priority**** ****behavior:**
** ****Identify desired behaviors**

**For each**** ****current**** ****condition:**

-   **Identify desired**** ****condition**** **
** ****Identify desired**** ****attribute**

## Research-Based Strategies

**Current Behavior**** **

**     ****Desired Behavior**

** **

**Current Conditions**** **
**     ****& Attributes**

** **

**    **

**Desired Conditions**

**      **

**       **

**& Attributes**

**     **

** ****STRATEGIES**

**Research-Based Strategies**

##  Choosing Strategies

** ****Choosing Strategies**

**Identify ****strategies**** to ****achieve*****  *****desired***** *****goals and objectives**
**  **

** ****Institute of Medicine Classification**
** ****Science-based criteria**
** ****Benchmarks and Standards**

## Prevention Continuum

**Universal**

**Selective**

**Indicated**

**Prevention Continuum**

**Institute of Medicine**

## General 

**Institute of Medicine (IOM) Framework:**** ****Universal**** ****Prevention**

**General **
**Population**

## Institute of Medicine (IOM) Framework: Selective Prevention

**Institute of Medicine (IOM) Framework:**** ****Selective**** ****Prevention**

**Programs target individuals based on their **
**membership in at-risk groups.**

## Institute of Medicine (IOM) Framework: Indicated Prevention

**Institute of Medicine (IOM)**** ****Framework:**** ****Indicated**** ****Prevention**

## Hierarchy of Evidence 

**for Science-Based Prevention**

**Level 1**

**Level 2**

**Level 3**

**Level 4**

**Level 5**

**Higher **
**Evidence**

**Lower **
**Evidence**

## Sufficient Evidence of 

**Scientifically-Defensible Prevention**

**Scientifically-defensible programs**** ****MUST**** **
**have published evidence of positive effects **
**through at least one of the following**

**Level 5.  Multiple replication trials in peer **
**                ****reviewed/refereed journals**

**Level 4.  Expert consensus or meta-analysis **
**                ****report**

**Level 3.  Single peer-reviewed/refereed journal**

## Insufficient Evidence of 

**Scientifically-Defensible Prevention**

**Programs that rely on the following **
**evidence:**

**Level 2.  Documented in a professional journal**
**that is NOT peer reviewed/refereed**

**Level 1.  Recognized through awards, anecdotal**
**information, newspaper articles, unpublished**
**evaluations, etc**

## Effective Program Design

**Effective Program Design**

**Selection of Appropriate Strategies**

**1.  Knowledge of the target population**

**2.  Clarity and realism of expected results**

**3.****  ****Corroborative empirical evidence of**

**potential effectiveness**

**4.  Conceptual Soundness**

## Effective Program Design

**Effective Program Design**

**Interrelationships & Appropriate Structure**

**5.  Inclusive participation**

**6.  System integration**

**7.  Appropriate structuring of the effort**

## Effective Program Design

**Effective Program Design**

**Implementation Considerations**

**10. Commitment to evaluation and effort    **
**       ****refinement**

**8.  Appropriateness of timing, intensity, and **
**      ****duration**

**9.  Attention to quality of delivery**

## What Doesn’t Work?(NIDA 1997)

**Knowledge & information alone**
**Exclusive focus on self-esteem**
**Neutral information about drugs**
**Drug-free recreation without structure**
**Single event (rallies, assemblies,speakers,etc)**

**What Doesn’t Work?****(NIDA 1997)**

## What is Evaluation?

**What is Evaluation?**

**Collecting and using information to *****answer***** *****questions***** about your program**

## Supports planning
Identifies areas for improvement
Guides resource allocation
Retain/increase funding
Moves us in desired direction
Demonstrates value of prevention

**Supports planning**
**Identifies areas for improvement**
**Guides resource allocation**
**Retain/increase funding**
**Moves us in desired direction**
**Demonstrates value of prevention**

**Why Evaluate?**

## Types of Evaluation

**Types of Evaluation**

**Process:  Implemented as designed?**
**Outcome:  Achieve desired results?**
**Impact:  Did long-term behaviors    **
**                  ****change?**

## Logic Model

- <date/time>

**Current Behavior **

**     ****Desired Behavior**

** **

** ****Current Conditions**

** **

**    **

**Desired Conditions**

**      **

**       **

**& Attributes**

**     **

**    ****STRATEGIES**

**Logic Model**

**& Attributes**

## Evaluation

**Evaluation**

** **

** **

**    **

**      **

**       **

**     **

**Current Behavior**

**Goals**** ****-**** ****Impact Evaluation**

**Desired Behavior**

## Evaluation

- <date/time>

**Current Behavior **

**     ****Desired Behavior**

** **

** ****Current Conditions**

**Desired Conditions**

**& Attributes**

**Evaluation**

**Objectives-Outcome Evaluation**

**& Attributes**

## Evaluation

- <date/time>

**Current Behavior **

**     ****Desired Behavior**

** **

** **

**    **

**Desired Conditions**

**      **

**       **

**& Attributes**

**     **

**    ****STRATEGIES**

**Evaluation**

**Tasks-Process Evaluation**

** ****Current Conditions**

**& Attributes**

## Contact Information

**For copies of the materials:**
**Call ****405-325-1454**** or e-mail **_**molowther@ou.edu**_

**Contact Information**

## Questions?

**Questions?**