# Presentation: 490093

## Integrated Upper-Air Observing System

- (IUOS)
- and the Adaptive Radiosonde
- Launch Strategy

- NOAA/NWS Partners Meeting
- June 6, 2006

- David Helms
- NWS Office of Science and Technology

## Outline

- What is IUOS?
- Mission
- Objectives
- Requirements Definition
- Roadmap
- IUOS Phase 1:  Regional In Situ Soundings
- Notional Plan
- Assessment Timeline
- Weather Enterprise Input
- Future Directions:  In Situ Observations
- Radiosonde
- Commercial Aircraft

## What is IUOS?Mission and Requirements Space

- IUOS Mission:  Cost-effectively meet existing NOAA upper-air observation requirements; and future validated requirements for:
- Improved spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution
- New observations of environmental parameters
- Data Management and Communications (DMAC)
- Upper-air observation requirements space:
- _Geographical Extent_:  Global
- _Vertical Extent_:  10 m above surface to Sun
- _Temporal Range_:  Warnings to                                                                           Global Climate Change Prediction
- _Parameters_:  Winds, temperature, pressure,                                                         moisture, air chemistry, reflectivity, aerosols, biology, ....

## What is IUOS?Objectives

- IUOS solution characteristics – Future IUOS will be:
- Adaptable, extensible, stable, continuous, and quality assured
- Cost-effective – avoid unnecessary duplication
- Serving multi-purposes - including driving Earth-system models
- Consistent with/component of USGEO and GEOSS

- Final Operating Capability:
- “Optimal” mix of NOAA                                                                        and non-NOAA observation                                                        platforms including both* *in situ*                                                                        and *remote sensors based on NOSA Architecture Principles

## Collect and Validate requirements
Surveyed Users
Scientific Literature
“Heritage” Requirements (e.g. FMH-3)
NOAA CORL (Program Input)
Phenomenological Analysis
Establish Requirements Domain
Threshold: Minimum performance operationally useful
Objective:  Maximum operationally useful performance

- Surveyed Users
- Scientific Literature
- “Heritage” Requirements (e.g. FMH-3)
- NOAA CORL (Program Input)
- Phenomenological Analysis
- Establish Requirements Domain
- Threshold: Minimum performance operationally useful
- Objective:  Maximum operationally useful performance

- What are the IUOS Requirements? *Methodology*

***70% of all requirements satisfied with atmospheric soundings collected every 2 hours***

***70% of all requirements satisfied with atmospheric soundings every 75 km***

**Notes:**
External Users: 
 Executive Director, Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association (MARMA)
 Lead Scientist, Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS)
 Lead Meteorologist, Northwest Airlines 
 Aviation Modeler, National Center for Atmospheric Research
 Hydrologist, National Hydrologic Warning Council (NHWC)
 Lead Meteorologist, Pacific Gas & Electric Meteorological Services 
 CEO, WindLogics
Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) 
 Chair, Weather Coalition
 Northwest Pacific Fishermen’s Association
 Maryland Emergency Management Agency
 European Composite Observing System (EuCOS)
 Chair, AMS Board on Private Sector Meteorology 
 Director, IPS MeteoStar
 National Weather Association
 Chair, Expert Team on Observational Data Requirements And Redesign of the Global Observing System, WMO
 Chair, OPAG on Upper-Air Observation Technology, WMO
 Chief Scientist, Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies

## IUOS RoadmapPhased Approach

- Incorporate Data Management Principles

## IUOS Phase 1:  Regional In Situ SoundingsRadiosonde/WV Aircraft Obs

-  In FY06-07:
- Evaluate model response to water-vapor sensor derived data
- Evaluate implications of
- forecasters using different data source and,
*reaction of broader US weather enterprise.*
- Use evaluation to develop plan for implementation
-  In FY08: Begin eliminating redundant capability for weather observations

## Phase 1:  Adaptive Sounding Strategy Notional Plan

- Use alternative sounding from commercial aircraft if WV instrumented aircraft has a scheduled ascent or descent at an airport which is within:
- XX miles of radiosonde site
- YY minutes of radiosonde valid time
- CONOPS:
- Lead Meteorologist at closest WFO coordinates sounding strategy
- Short (<3 hrs) and long term (6 month) public notices disseminated indicating product availability and associated WMO Heading and circuits
- Soundings from aircraft publicly available in near real-time
- Alternative sounding strategy limited to:
- 1 of 2 sounding launches per radiosonde station (initially)
- CONUS Non-GUAN stations
- Outcomes:
- $4M/yr in cost avoidance from radiosonde expendables
- Redundant observations eliminated
**Greater % of Data Requirements Achieved**

## Adaptive Sounding Strategy:   Assessment Timeline

-  FY06-Q3:   Statement of Need and Draft Project Plan generated (completed)
-  FY06-Q4:   Draft CONOPS Outline, Operational Requirements Document, demonstration design, and evaluation plans for model, operational forecasters, comment from US Weather Enterprise community.
-  FY07-Q2-Q4:  Site Demonstration, Test, and Evaluation (DT/E)
-  FY07-Q2:  Nowcasting and Model Impact Assessment, Community Feedback
-  FY07-Q4 to FY08-Q1:  Operational Test and Assessment  (OT/E)
-  FY08-Q2:  Initial Operating Capacity (IOC) for redundant radiosonde reduction (aka “adaptive radiosonde launch strategy”)
-  FY12:  Full Operating Capacity (FOC)

## Adaptive Sounding Strategy:   Weather Enterprise Input

- _A few questions... _
-  How do you currently use radiosonde observations?
-  What do you know about atmospheric observations from commercial aircraft?
-  What transition issues might you have with use of aircraft observations as an alternative to radiosonde observations?
-  How can NOAA best communication data quality issues associated with aircraft observations?
-  How does the proposed adaptive sounding strategy timeline impact you?
* **How can we recruit Weather Enterprise contacts to answer these and other issues associated with the Adaptive Sounding Strategy???*

## Future Directions: Radiosonde Program

**Now:  ****Radiosondes launched by the clock, 00 UTC and 12 UTC**
**Future:****  Launched as needed to best support NOAA mission, including**
**Co-incident launches to calibrate satellite observations**
**More special launches in support of high impact weather prediction**
**Launches timed to best describe diurnal solar impact for climate monitoring **
**Now:****  Observation quality useful for operational weather prediction**
**Future:****  Observation quality enhanced to better support climate monitoring**
**Now:****  Limited geo-physical parameters collected (wind/temperature/RH)**
**Future:****  Enhanced data collection (cloud properties, ozone, etc).**
_**Bottom Line:**_
**Capability to launch radiosondes will be maintained**
**Combination of observations from radiosonde, commercial aircraft, wind profilers, and other systems will result in a far greater amount of publicly available data than currently available**
***NOAA is committed to maintaining the Radiosonde Program as a key component of IUOS ***

## Future Directions: Commercial Aircraft Observations

**25 WVSSII sensors on United Parcel Service B-757 aircraft since March 2005 (NOAA) **
**60 TAMDAR sensors on Mesaba Saab 340 Aircraft since January 2005 (NASA)**
**1-2 Months:  NOAA RFP for Water Vapor Data from Commercial Aircraft **
**FY07-08:  NOAA Phase I contract for sensor installation and data collection**
**FY08-12:  NOAA Phase II contract for expanded sensor installation and data collection**
_**Bottom Line:**_
**Potential for significant increase in atmospheric soundings from regional and larger airports; ex. Each Southwest Airlines has 450 B-737s, each aircraft has about 8 destinations per day or 16 soundings opportunities**
**Expansion of parameters from aircraft include water vapor, turbulence (EDR), and icing.  Some proto-typing effort for air quality measurements (European MOZAIC Program)**
**Enhanced data monitoring/QA providing RMSE and bias by tail #**

- Future Directions: Commercial Aircraft Observations

## Radiosonde (purple) and 

**Radiosonde (purple) and **
**WVSSII (black) Comparison **
**April 26, 2005**

**AMDAR Observations**

**34K Reports in 12 Hours **

_***Questions and Comments:***_
***David Helms***
***Office of Science and Technology***
***NOAA’s National Weather Service***
***Bldg:  SSMC2, Rm:  15334***
***Mail Code:  W/OST12***
***1315 East-West Highway***
***Silver Spring, Maryland  20910***
***Email:  ***_[david.helms@noaa.gov](mailto:david.helms@noaa.gov)_
***Phone:  301-713-3557 x193***