# Presentation: 499850

##  Emergency Management

- Higher Education Conference
- June 7, 2006

- Leon Shaifer, EMAC Senior Advisor

**Notes:**
How many of you have ever heard of the Emergency Management Assistance Compact or EMAC?

During this session, you will be exposed to a very broad overview of EMAC and its function and purpose....then this afternoon, those of you who choose to attend the EMAC breakout session will get a closer look at the EMAC tactical and strategic operations environment.

NEXT SLIDE...

## What is EMAC / Vision / Mission ?
History
Membership / Key Players / Responsibilities
What EMAC Does/Doesn’t Do
Notable Deployments
Purpose / Applications
Articles of Agreement	 
Governance Structure
Activating the EMAC System
EMAC / DHS / FEMA Interface
Why EMAC is Successful

- History
- Membership / Key Players / Responsibilities
- What EMAC Does/Doesn’t Do
- Notable Deployments
- Purpose / Applications
- Articles of Agreement
- Governance Structure
- Activating the EMAC System
- EMAC / DHS / FEMA Interface
- Why EMAC is Successful

**Lecture Topics**

**Notes:**
LECTURE TOPICS:

WHAT IS EMAC / ITS VISION AND MISSION
HISTORY
WHO ARE ITS MEMBERS AND WHAT ARE MEMBER RESPONSIBILITIES?
WHAT DOES EMAC DO ---AND WHAT EMAC DOESN’T DO?
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF EMAC AND WHAT ARE SOME OF ITS APPLICATIONS
SOME OF EMAC NOTABLE DEPLOYMENTS
DISCUSS THE ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT
LOOK AT THE EMAC GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE
HOW TO ACTIVATE THE EMAC SYSTEM
EMAC / DHS / FEMA INTERFACE
FINALLY, WHY IS EMAC SUCCESSFUL?

NEXT SLIDE...

## What is EMAC?

- 	The **Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC)**, is a national interstate mutual aid compact, legislated into law by each member state Legislature and Governor and ratified into law by the U. S. Congress (PL 104-321)

**Notes:**
 WHAT IS EMAC?
EMAC, the EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ASISTANCE COMPACT, is a national interstate compact signed into law by each member state Legislature and Governor, that facilitates the sharing of resources, personnel and equipment across state lines during times of emergencies and disasters.
Thus, a systematic process for implementing EMAC was established by Member States in order to accomplish this mission.

NEXT SLIDE...

## EMAC Vision & Mission

_**Vision**_
**The cornerstone of national mutual aid**

_**Mission**_
**Facilitate the efficient and effective sharing of resources between member states during times of emergencies or disasters affecting a member state.**

**Notes:**
THE EMAC VISION IS TO BECOME THE CORNERSTONE OF THE NATION’S MUTUAL AID NETWORK

ITS MISSION IS TO FACILITATE THE EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE SHARING OF RESOURCES BETWEEN MEMBER STATES DURING TIMES OF EMERGENCIES OR DISASTERS AFFECTING A MEMBER STATE.

NEXT SLIDE...

## EMAC HISTORY 

**1992 – ****Hurricane Andrew slams Florida**
- Southern Governors Association (SGA) begins development of mutual aid compact
**1993 – ****17 Governors sign the Southern Region** 		Emergency Management Assistance 			Compact (SREMAC)
**1994 - ****SGA States develops SREMAC ****	****	****	****     Operations Guide & SOPs **
- SAGO’s complete Compact legal language
**1995** – **SGA expands SREMAC to EMAC**
- EMAC activated for the first time during Hurricane Opal

**Notes:**
Hurricane Andrew slammed Southern Florida in 1992. Governor Lawton Chiles called upon South Carolina, Virginia and Georgia for help. This resulted in the development of the Southern Regional Emergency Management Assistance Compact (SREMAC).
The governors of the 17-member states signed the agreement in 1993. The State Attorney Generals determined that the agreement must be ratified by each state legislature to comply with state laws governing emergency power of the governors.
In 1994 the member states developed the Operations Guidelines and the legal language was completed by the State AGOs.
The SGA agreed to expand the compact in 1995 thus offering the compact to all states.
EMAC activated for the first time using EMAC procedures (MS assisted FL)	NEXT SLIDE...

## EMAC HISTORY 

**1996**** – ****NGA / FEMA Endorse EMAC**
**	****	****    ****– ****Congress passes Public Law 104-321 ****	****   establishing the first national compact                              ****	****   since the Civil Defense Act of 1950**
**1997**** – NEMA agrees to administer EMAC**

**Notes:**
NGA, FEMA and other national organizations endorsed EMAC in 1996.
	Later that same year, Congress passed a bill (PL 104-321) establishing EMAC as the first national compact since the Civil Defense Act of 	1950. 
During 1997, NEMA agrees to administer EMAC thus providing a national platform and additional states become members.

NEXT SLIDE...

## Who are the members of EMAC? 

**As of May 2006**

- 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands have enacted EMAC legislation.

**Notes:**
Membership in EMAC now includes the 50 states, 2 territories (Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands) and the District of Columbia. Each Member State is individually responsible for ensuring they are prepared to request and provide resources according to the provisions of the Compact.
Mutual Aid in itself is just a concept - It takes an established system and a process to give it life and make it functional.
NEMA provides administrative oversight and support staff and personnel from the member states provide the governance structure.
The 13-Compact Articles provide the legal framework for such critical provisions as licensure, certification, liability, immunity, national guard use, workers compensation, reimbursement, and defines straightforward direction, goals and objectives.
The EMAC Operating Protocols and Operations Manual provide SOP’s and ensures continuity of operations.
The EMAC process is continually improved through training, exercises, after action reviews.  The outcomes of the AAR’s are identified in the 5-year strategic plan which is updated after every major response operation. The EMAC Executive Task Force is meeting in Lexington, KY the week of June 26th to insert the 2005 operations AAR findings into the current 2006-2010 strategic plan.
The EMAC system utilizes information management technology to transmit and receive requests.
The most important component of the EMAC process is active State membership. EMAC committee and executive task force positions are comprised of member state personnel, and member State Authorized Representatives execute the compact on behalf of their respective states.  	NEXT SLIDE...

## Key Players 

- State official authorized to execute EMAC documents & obligate member state resources and funds
- State EM director or his/her appointee holds this position
_**The Designated Representative**_
- Primary POC for EMAC operations requests
- Develops internal EMAC activation procedures
- Recruits & trains EMAC A-Team personnel

**Key Players **

**Notes:**
KEY PLAYERS IN THE EMAC PROCESS ARE:

The Authorized Representative is the State official authorized to execute EMAC documents and obligate state resources and funds. 
The State EM Director holds this position according to specific compact language. Other personnel having authority under their state authority can also hold this position. EMAC recommends several AR’s be designated for this purpose to ensure continuity of Operations.

The Designated Representative is the primary operations POC for EMAC requests.
Develops and maintains internal EMAC activation procedures.
Recruits and trains EMAC A-Team personnel.

NEXT SLIDE... 

## Member State Responsibilities

- Designate EM officials to implement EMAC-Keep current procedures
- Educate EMA, State Agency, and Local Government Personnel on the EMAC Process
- Develop & maintain an organization profile summary on the EMAC Operations Manual & EMAC Web site.
- Train Personnel on EMAC A-Team Operations
- Maintain Procedures for EMAC Activation
- Develop and Maintain Procedures for Requesting and Providing Assistance

**Notes:**
Each EMAC member state should identify Authorized Representatives for purpose of implementing and executing request according to the compact.
Each state should ensure that every level of government is educated on implementing procedures and understanding the execution process.
It is the responsibility of each state to maintain the accuracy of their state profile on the EMAC web site.
Establish and train A-team personnel to be prepared for out-of-state deployment.  The teams should prepare to support multiple state operations and also provide a means to ensure rotation of previously deployed team members.
All states should develop and maintain implementation and operational procedures for EMAC.		NEXT SLIDE...

## Member State Responsibilities

- Identify workstations for Assisting State A-Team
- Be prepared to deploy A-Teams within 12 to 24-hours notice.
- Evaluate Procedures Through Exercise & Actual Deployment

**Notes:**
Each state is responsible for creating workstations for A-Team activity within the State EOC.
Be prepared to deploy an A-Team within a 12 to 24 hour notice.
All states should likewise insure that procedures are evaluated through exercises that include participation as a potential requesting and assisting state.

NEXT SLIDE...

## What does EMAC do?

_**EMAC does:**_** **
- Maximize the use of available resources
- Coordinate resource deployments with the NRP structure and resources
- Expedite and streamlines delivery of assistance between member states
- Protect state sovereignty
- Provide management and oversight for interstate aid

_**EMAC does NOT:**_** **
- Replace federal support
- Alter a state’s operational direction and control
- Endorse or support self deployment or self-dispatch
- Broker resources from municipality to municipality-
- 		– Resources move on a       		   state-to-state basis.
- 		– Use of Non-state resources 	   executed by the State EMA.

**Notes:**
WHAT DOES EMAC DO?
Maximize the use of all available resources
Coordinate resource deployments with the National Response Plan structure and resources.
Expedites and streamlines delivery of assistance between member states.
Protects state sovereignty. EMAC support is NOT mandatory.
Provides management and oversight for requesting and receiving interstate aid.
EMAC DOES NOT...
Replace the need for federal support.
Alter a requesting state’s operational direction and control structure.
Endorse or support self-deployment or self-dispatching from any source. Legal risk & logistics burden.
Broker resources direct from municipality-to-municipality:
Resources are moved only on state-to-state basis.
Use of non-state resources is executed by the State EMA.
EMAC is not the answer to meeting all resource shortages, but when properly executed for its intended purpose, EMAC has proven to be very effective.		NEXT SLIDE...

## Notable EMAC deployments

**1995-Hurricane Opal / First official EMAC deployment to FL **
**1996-Hurricane Fran **
**1997-Mississippi River Flooding in Mid-Western States**
**1998- Hurricane Georges**
**1998- Wildfires in Florida**
**1999-Hurricane Floyd**
**2000-Y2K & Wildfires in Montana & Florida**
**2001-Terrorists Attack on World Trade Center in NYC**
**2002-Kentucky Tornado / Columbia Space Shuttle & Hurricanes Isidore and Lili**
**2003-Rhode Island Club Fire & Hurricane Isabel**
**2004-Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan, Jeanne**
**2005-Hurricanes Dennis, Katrina, Rita, Wilma**
**2006- ????**

**Notes:**
EMAC has been activated nearly 60 times since 1995 for such notable disaster events as hurricanes, major flooding, wild land fires, Y2K, terrorists attack, tornadoes, the Rhode Island Club Fire and the Columbia space shuttle explosion.

EMAC has proven countless times to be a multi-facetted; all-risk based method for supplementing resource shortfalls.

NEXT SLIDE...

## Largest Deployment

***Notes:** Still have pending missions awaiting signatures – have 30 days from verbal agreement to signature
-               Costs and Personnel Numbers are Finalized in Reimbursement

**65,714 Personnel Deployed**
- 19,353 Civilian Personnel
- 46,361 National Guard
**$827.7 M Estimated Cost***

**2005 Response to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita**

**Notes:**
As evidenced by the amount of support rendered under the Compact during Hurricane’s Katrina and Rita, the strongest asset provided through EMAC is skilled personnel. 

Although equipment and hardware replacement is available through mutual-aid and other sources, affected local and state personnel become quickly overwhelmed and need critical personnel support for long-term/protracted operations. 

NEXT SLIDE...

## EMAC Applications

- Hazard mitigation
- Community outreach
- Search and rescue
- Debris clearance
- Information & planning
- Public Health
- Hazardous materials
- Human services/mass care
- Animal control
- Information/planning
- Terrorist events

- State/Local EOC Support
- Damage assessment
- Disaster recovery
- Logistics
- Donations management
- Security
- Communications
- Fire fighting
- Aviation support
- Biological/chemical events
- Medical personnel/resources

**any** capability of member states can be shared with member states

**Notes:**
EMAC can provide peer positional augmentation for a vast number of emergency functions – some of which are listed on this slide.

The key to remember here is that any available capability of a member state can be shared with other member states and the EMAC system provides the mechanism for doing this.

NEXT SLIDE...

## A Discussion on Compact Articles and Legal Authorities

**A Discussion on Compact Articles and Legal Authorities**

**Notes:**
Let’s take a look at the compact articles and legal authorities that facilitate EMAC.

NEXT SLIDE...

## Article I  “Purposes & Authorities”

- A Governor’s State of Emergency Proclamation must be officially declared for a member state to activate EMAC Articles and request assistance.
- Based on “all-hazards” approach and includes exercises and training.
- Authorizes use of NG assets in accordance with NGMAC or EMAC.

**Notes:**
Article I “Purposes and Authorities
The Governor of an affected state must declare a State of Emergency prior to activating EMAC.
EMAC is based on an “all hazards” approach and includes exercises and training.
EMAC authorizes the use of National Guard assets in accordance with National Guard Mutual Aid Compact or EMAC.

NEXT SLIDE...

## Article II“General Implementation”

**Article II****“General Implementation”**

- Member States recognize intergovernmental coordination is essential and prompt & effective utilization of member state/federal government resources is basic to this compact.
- On behalf of Governor of each Member State, the State Emergency Management officials are responsible for the formulation of plans and procedures for implementing this compact.

**Notes:**
Article II “General Implementation”
Member states recognize intergovernmental coordination is essential and prompt and effective utilization of member state and federal government resources is basic to the compact.
The state emergency management officials are responsible for formulating plans and procedures for implementing EMAC on behalf of the governor of each state.

NEXT SLIDE...

## Article III“Party State Responsibilities”

- Provide for temporary suspension of any statute or ordinance that restricts responsibilities.
- A valid request for help must occur between the EMAC states Authorized Representative(s) appointed by the Governor.
- Requests may be written or verbal, but if verbal-an official EMAC request shall be confirmed in writing 	(REQ- A) within 30 days of the verbal request.

**Notes:**
Article III “Party State Responsibilities”

Provide for temporary suspension of any statute or ordinance that restricts responsibilities.
The Authorized Representatives of each state must make requests for EMAC support in order to be considered a “valid” request.
Requests may be written or verbal, but if verbal, an official EMAC request must be confirmed in writing within 30-days of the verbal request/agreement. The EMAC Form REQ-A is used for this purpose.

NEXT SLIDE...

## Article IV“Limitations”

- An EMAC state shall make every effort to assist but may withhold any and all resources in order to provide reasonable protection of its own state.
- Party states shall provide the same powers (other than arrest unless authorized by requesting state), duties, rights & privileges as afforded forces of the state in which they are performing emergency help.
- Assisting party forces come under operational control of requesting state but remains under command & control of assisting state leadership.

**Notes:**
Article IV “Limitations”

An EMAC state shall make every effort to assist but may withhold any and all resources in order to provide reasonable protection of its own state.
Party states shall provide the same powers (other than arrest unless authorized by the requesting state), duties, rights & privileges as afforded forces of the state in which they are performing emergency assistance.
Assisting party forces come under operational control of requesting state but remains under command and control of assisting state leadership.

NEXT SLIDE...

## Article V“Licenses and Permits”

- Establishes reciprocity of licenses, certificates, or permits issued by any party state to qualified personnel providing assistance to another party state for the duration of the declared emergency or disaster; subject to any limitations set forth by Executive Order of the Governor of the requesting state.

**Notes:**
Article V “Licenses and Permits”

EMAC establishes reciprocity of licenses, certificates, or permits issued by any party state to qualified personnel providing assistance to another party state for the duration of the declared emergency or disaster; subject to any limitations set forth by Executive Order of the Governor of the requesting state.

NEXT SLIDE...

## Article VI“Liability”

- Any assisting state employee is considered an agent of any Requesting state for purposes of tort liability and immunity purposes.
- No assisting state employee shall be liable on any account of any act or omission _in good_ _faith _while providing assistance to a party state.
- Good Faith shall not include willful misconduct, gross negligence, or recklessness.

**Notes:**
Article VI “Liability”

Any assisting state employee is considered an agent of any requesting state for purposes of tort liability and immunity purposes.
No assisting state employee shall be liable on any account of any act of omission in good faith while providing assistance to a party state. 
Good faith shall not include willful misconduct, gross negligence, or recklessness.

NEXT SLIDE...

## Article VII“Supplementary Agreements”

- EMAC does not prohibit party states from entering into supplemental agreements with another state or affect any agreement already in force between states.

**Notes:**
Article VII “Supplementary Agreements”

EMAC does not prohibit party states from entering into supplemental agreements with another state or affect any agreement already in force between states.

NEXT SLIDE...

## Article VIII“Compensation”

- The State providing EMAC assistance is responsible for worker’s compensation and death benefits when the death or injuries occur to their personnel deployed to another EMAC state.
- Compensation will be in the same manner and on the same terms as if the injury or death occurred within the home state from which personnel were deployed.

**Notes:**
Article VIII “Compensation”

The State providing EMAC assistance is responsible for worker’s compensation and death benefits  when the injuries or death occurs to their personnel deployed to another EMAC state. Compensation and terms are the same as if the injury or death occurred within the home state from which personnel were deployed.

NEXT SLIDE...

EMAC broadens a state’s jurisdictional boundaries, so to speak, thus Worker’s Comp coverage is essentially “nationwide.”
Simply stated.....”each member state takes care of its own.”

## Article IX“Reimbursement”

- Any state rendering aid will be reimbursed by the state receiving aid for any loss or damage, or expense incurred by the state providing assistance.
- However, the State providing assistance can opt to waive all or a portion of the cost.
- Article VIII expenses (Worker’s Comp) are not allowable under this provision.

**Notes:**
 Article IX “Reimbursement”

Any state rendering aid will be reimbursed by the state receiving aid for any loss or damage, or expense incurred by the state providing assistance.
However, the state providing assistance can opt to waive all or a portion of the cost.
Article VIII expenses (Worker’s Comp) are not allowable under this provision.

NEXT SLIDE...

## Article X“Evacuation”

- EMAC States with a need to evacuate portions of the civilian population to another state as a result of catastrophic disaster, shall develop plans with contiguous state(s).
- The plans will address orderly evacuation and interstate reception, to include all applicable costs to the host state.
- Repatriation is the ultimate responsibility of the evacuee’s “home” state.

**Notes:**
Article X “Evacuation”

EMAC states with a need to evacuate portions of the civilian population to another state as a result of catastrophic disaster, shall develop plans with contiguous states.
The plans will address orderly evacuation and interstate reception, to include all applicable costs to the  host state.
Repatriation is the ultimate responsibility of the evacuee’s home state.

NEXT SLIDE...

## Article XIII“Additional Provisions”

- EMAC does not authorize or permit the use of military force by the National Guard of a state outside that state.

**Notes:**
Article XIII “Additional Provisions”

EMAC does not authorize or permit the use of military force by the National Guard of a state outside of that state.
National Guard personnel are used for “humanitarian” purposes only.  Congress gets nervous whenever the several states discuss use of the National Guard outside their states for any purpose other than “humanitarian.”

NEXT SLIDE...

## EMAC GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE

**Notes:**
Next, we’ll take a look at how the EMAC system is governed...

NEXT SLIDE...

## EMAC Governance Structure

**National Emergency **
**Management Association (NEMA)**

**NEMA EMAC Committee**

**Chair**
**EMAC Executive Task Force**

**Chair-Elect**
**EMAC Executive Task Force**

**ADMINISTRATION**

**EMAC Multi-Discipline**
**Advisory Group**

**Immediate Past-Chair**
**EMAC Executive Task Force**

**National Coordination Group**
**NCG Support Teams**

**At-Large Members (3)**

**NEMA STAFF**
**EMAC Coordinator & Senior Advisor**
**Legal Counsel Committee Chair**

**RESPONSE OPERATIONS**

**Lead State Representatives (10)**

**Advance Teams (A-Teams)**

**National Coordinating Team**

**Regional Coordinating Team(s)**

**Notes:**
The Governance Structure is what sets EMAC above other mutual aid compacts...
NEMA provides day-to-day administrative and staff support and fiscal management.
The NEMA EMAC Committee is comprised of the State EM Directors (Authorized Representatives) who choose to annually serve on this committee.
The EMAC Multi-Discipline Advisory Group is comprised of representatives from national organizations of emergency disciplines such as Fire Chiefs, Chiefs of Police, Sheriffs, Public Works, Search and Rescue, medical & health, veterinarians, transportation, environmentalists, and national guard.
Day-to-day oversight of EMAC is provided through the Executive Task Force comprised of a Chair, Chair-elect, Immediate Past-Chair, 3-At large members selected by the Chair, and 10-Lead State Representatives who represent the member states in each of the 10-federal regions. 
NEMA provides staff support through the EMAC Coordinator, the EMAC Senior Advisor, and the Chair of the NEMA Legal Counsel Committee.
The National Coordination Group is the Operational Arm of EMAC. When an event occurs; the NCG is stood-up to take operational control of the event.   They are supported by 4-coordinating components: (Briefly explain each) 1.  National Coordination Group Support Teams 2.  Advance Teams (A-Teams) 3.  National Coordinating Team (NCT) 4.  Regional Coordinating Teams

## National Coordination Group

- The NCG is the operational arm of EMAC
- Activates EMAC Operations on Short Notice
- Provides Oversight of EMAC Disaster Response Operations
- Collateral Responsibility of the Chair of the Executive Task Force

**Notes:**
The National Coordination Group is the operational arm of EMAC.
The NCG activates EMAC operations on short notice.
The NCG provides oversight of EMAC disaster response theater of operations.
The NCG is a collateral responsibility of the Chair of the Executive Task Force.

NEXT SLIDE... 

## National Coordinating Team

- FEMA Requests, Deploys at the Discretion of EMAC Chair and NEMA
- Integrated with Emergency Support Functions in FEMA National Response Coordination Center (NRCC)
- Does not acquire resources unless directed by NCG
- Interfaces with Regional Coordinating Teams, A-Teams, National Coordination Group, and NEMA
- Prepares National Sit Rep of All EMAC Activities
- Typically Includes a National Guard Bureau Liaison
- Reimbursed by FEMA

**Notes:**

The National Coordinating Team is requested by FEMA, deployed at the discretion of the ETF Chair and NEMA.
Works alongside the federal Emergency Support Functions to coordinate resource requests.
Does not actively acquire resources from unaffected states unless directed by the NCG.
Interfaces with RCTs, A-Teams, NCG, and NEMA.
Prepares National SITREP of all EMAC related activities and status.
Supported by a National Guard Bureau personnel.
States supplying NCT personnel are reimbursed by FEMA through NEMA.

NEXT SLIDE...

## Regional Coordinating Team

- FEMA Requests, Deploys at the Discretion of ETF Chair and NEMA
- Operates from FEMA Regional Response Coordination Center (RRCC)
- Interfaces with National Coordinating Team and A-Teams in impacted States in the region
- Does not acquire resources unless directed by the NCG
- Compiles Information & Prepares SITREPS on EMAC Activities in Region
- Reimbursed by FEMA

**Notes:**
Regional Coordinating Teams are requested by DHS/FEMA and deployed at the discretion of the ETF Chair and NEMA.
Operates from a specific FEMA Regional Response Coordination Center (RRCC).
Interfaces with the NCT and all A-Teams within the Regional Area of Operations.
Does not actively acquire resources unless directed by the NCG.
Compiles information and prepares SITREPS on EMAC activities within the Region.
The state providing the RCT personnel are reimbursed by FEMA through NEMA.

NEXT SLIDE...

## The EMAC A-Team

- EMAC boots on the ground
- Deploys at Request of Affected State
- Operates from Affected State’s EOC or other Command and Control location
- Coordinates resource requests on behalf of the Affected State
- Serves as Liaison Between Affected State and other EMAC member States

**Notes:**
An A-team is designed to provide state-level coordination between requesting and responding states.
As such, an A-team reports to and operates from the facility where central direction and control of emergency operations are conducted.  
An A-team deploys at the request of an affected state after the REQ-A is executed by party state Authorized Representatives.
An A-team is prepared to work in shifts to provide 24-hour coverage in the operations center.
An A-team is prepared to deploy within eight (8) hours of receipt of request and conduct support operations in the requesting state for a period of seven (7) to fourteen (14) days before returning to its home state.  If the assistance period exceeds fourteen (14) days, an A-team should be rotated to its home state and replaced with fresh and rested personnel from its home state or another member state.
The A-Team is the official conduit between affected states and other EMAC member states.
Do not have authority to allocate resources (First-in-first out system is utilized).
Do not have the authority to prioritize resource utilization. Their function is to acquire assistance according to the request.
Do not have the authority to obligate funds or resources of the Requesting (impacted) State.
Do not have the authority to pool resources and distribute on a basis of perceived need.	NEXT SLIDE...

NEXT SLIDE...

## EMAC Operational Framework

**EMAC Operational Framework**

**Disaster Operation Components**

**Operation Levels**

-  **Control **
** ****Function**

-  **Action**** **
** ****Function**

-  **Coordination **
** ****Functions**

**Functions**

**Level 3**** **

**Level 2**** **

**Level 1**

**National Coordinating Group (NCG)**
**Located in the state of the EMAC**
**OPSUBCOM Chair**

**National Coordinating Team (NCT)**
**Co-located with FEMA at the NRCC**
**DHS/FEMA HQ, Washington, D.C.**

**Regional Coordinating Team (RCT)**
**Co-Located with Federal ESF’s at the **
**DHS/FEMA Regional RC Center(s)**

**EMAC A-Team**
**Co-located with State/Federal Personnel**
**In the appropriate requesting state EOC**

## ACTIVATING EMAC

**Notes:**
NEXT WE’LL TAKE A LOOK AT HOW THE EMAC PROCESS IS IMPLEMENTED...

NEXT SLIDE...

## The EMAC Process

- Governor issues state of emergency.
- Authorized Representative alerts EMAC National Coordination Group (NCG).
- Affected State uses in-house EMAC A-Team personnel or requests A-Team deployment.

- 8. Assisting state completes mission & requests reimbursement from Requesting State.

- 9. Requesting state reimburses Assisting States.

**Duration**
**Daily costs**
**ICS POC**
**Mission**
**Staging**
**Sustainment**

- 5

- 4

- 7

- 6

- 8

- 9

- 1

- 3

- 2

**Notes:**
IMPLEMENTING THE EMAC PROCESS..

An event occurs. The governor declares a State of Emergency.
The AR alerts the EMAC National Coordination Group and requests assistance.
The Affected State uses in-house A-Team or requests A-Team from an Assisting State.
The A-Team works with the Affected State to determine resource needs.
A-Team helps affected state determine costs and availability of resources.
Both Requesting and Assisting States completes REQ-A and negotiation of costs.
When request executed by Authorized Representatives, the resources are deployed to affected state.
Upon completion of mission and demobilization of resources, the Assisting State submits reimbursement package to the Requesting State.
After review of reimbursement supporting documentation, the Requesting State reimburses the Assisting States.

## EMAC / DHS INTERFACE

## EMAC & Federal Policy

**Note FEMA Policy  ****Mutual-Aid for Public Assistance (R&R 9523.6)**
- Pre-disaster mutual aid must be in place
- Must be between distinct government entities-not single jurisdictional departments
- Eligible for FEMA Public Assistance
- 	‣Grant Management Work (OMB-A-87)
- 	‣Emergency Work (Section 403)
- No permanent work is eligible
- Backfill costs for deployed personnel is not eligible

**Notes:**
FEMA R&R Mutual-Aid for Public Assistance (R&R #9523.6)
Mutual Aid must be in place before the disaster declaration-
The agreement must be between distinct government entities. Mutual aid between single jurisdictional departments is not allowable.
Grant Management work defined in OMB A-87 is eligible.
Emergency Work (Category B) defined in Section 403 is eligible.
Permanent work is not eligible.
Backfill costs for replacing deployed personnel is not eligible:
FEMA will pay straight time for the backfill personnel and overtime for the deployed personnel.

## EMAC & Federal Policy

- EMAC reimbursement from a Requesting State to an Assisting State is _**NOT**_ contingent on the declaration of a Major Disaster or the prospect of FEMA disaster assistance!

**Notes:**
The compact agreement is between the states. Each state has agreed to repay assisting states for eligible costs to perform missions agreed upon 
on the form REQ-A. Getting declared for federal assistance does not negate this original obligation. The reimbursement procedures are designed 
to facilitate the Requesting States opportunity to recover as much costs as possible from federal public assistance, but costs incurred through 
EMAC that are not eligible for federal assistance are still owed by the Requesting State to the Assisting State.

NEXT SLIDE...

## EMAC & NIMS

**EMAC & NIMS**

- EMAC Integration into NIMS according to HSPD-5

**Notes:**
EMAC is usually housed in the Resource Unit of the Planning Section; however some states prefer that the unit be housed in the Logistics Section.

NEXT SLIDE...

## Why is EMAC Successful?

**Notes:**
Finally, Let’s quickly review the tangibles that contributes so much to EMAC success...			NEXT SLIDE...

## EMAC Effectiveness...

- Administrative Oversight and Support Staff
- Formal Business Protocols
- Solves Problems Upfront – Provisions in Compact Language
- Continuity of Operations, Operations Manual & SOPs
- Continual Improvement – 5 year Strategic Plan
- Critiques/Training/Exercises/Meetings
- Customized Technology Development
- Active/Committed State Membership

**Notes:**
Mutual Aid in itself is just a concept - It takes an established system and a process to give it life and make it functional.
NEMA provides administrative oversight and support staff and personnel from the member states provide the governance structure.
The 13-Compact Articles provide the legal framework for such critical provisions as licensure, certification, liability, immunity, national guard use, workers compensation, reimbursement, and defines straightforward direction, goals and objectives.
The EMAC Operating Protocols and Operations Manual provide SOP’s and ensures continuity of operations.
The EMAC process is continually improved through training, exercises, after action reviews.  The outcomes of the AAR’s are identified in the 5-year strategic plan which is updated after every major response operation. The EMAC Executive Task Force is meeting in Lexington, KY the week of June 26th to insert the 2005 operations AAR findings into the current 2006-2010 strategic plan.
The EMAC system utilizes information management technology to transmit and receive requests and coordinate operations.
The most important component of the EMAC process is active State membership. EMAC committee and executive task force positions are comprised of member state personnel, and member State Authorized Representatives execute the compact on behalf of their respective states.  Its this commitment to excellence that is responsible for EMAC success.

NEXT SLIDE...

## National EMAC Senior Advisor

**National EMAC Senior Advisor**
**Tel:** 601-992-3509
- _ls155@bellsouth.net_

**More Information on www.emacweb.org**

**Notes:**
Well, there you have it..........13-years of EMAC briefly diagnosed in just under one hour.

I’ll be discussing the EMAC operations environment during the afternoon breakout session for those who are interested in hearing more about the Compact.
Thank you!