# Presentation: 888547

## Overview of the ETCFC & Alternative/American Fuels -Their Environmental andEnergy IndependenceBenefits &How  You Can Get Involved

- Jonathan G. Overly, Executive Director
- September 2003
- www.ETCFC.org

## Today’s Agenda

- 1 - Alternative Fuels 101 - The Basics
- 2 - Transportation Sector’s Connection to our       Air Quality Problems
- 3 - Why Alt Fuels
- Air Quality and Other Environmental Benefits
- Energy Independence Issues & Benefits
- 4 - Clean Cities Program and the ETCFC
- 5 - How _You_ Can Get Involved and
-                  _Make A Difference_ in East Tennessee

## AF101 - What are the alternative fuels, and what are “Alternative Fuel Vehicles?”

- Fuels: Cleaner Burning Alternatives to Petroleum
-  Biodiesel (B20 & B100)
-  Electricity
-  Ethanol (E85)
-  Hydrogen [long-term fuel of choice]
-  Natural Gas (CNG/LNG)
-  Propane (LPG)
- AFVs: Vehicles that can utilize these fuels

***Although they run on gasoline,               Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) Also Help!***

## AF 101 - Current AFVs

## AF101 - What key benefits doalternative fuels offer?

- Primarily, alternative fuels offer a way to _simultaneously_ reduce                                          1) _transportation-based air pollution_ and              2) _foreign oil dependence_.                               They help areas of the U.S. work on their own regional air pollution issues while helping the U.S. work toward greater energy independence.
- In addition, the use of biofuels allows us to not only use _more domestically produced fuels_, but also use _more renewably produced fuels_.

## AF101 - What percentages of these            alt fuels are domestically produced?

- Biodiesel	- 100%
- Electricity	-   95%
- Ethanol	- 100%
- Natural gas	-   93%
- Propane	-   95%

- Thus, you can also call AFVs
- “American Fuel Vehicles”

- Gasoline
- + Diesel
- = ~40%

**vs.**

## All these alternative fuels have        pros and cons...

- _Biodiesel (B20 & B100)_ - Minimal capital infrastructure and vehicle costs; recurring increased fuel cost (currently)
- _Electricity_ - Infrastructure fairly inexpensive; limited availability of vehicles
- _Ethanol (E85)_ - flex-fuel vehicles (FFVs) attractive option, greatest use of renewable fuel; not the cleanest alt fuel, opportunity to fill with gasoline and not E85
- _Natural Gas (CNG/LNG)_ - cleanest alt fuel; most expensive on infrastructure and vehicle capital costs
- _Propane (LPG)_ - widely available, clean alt fuel; limited OEM vehicles

## ... and certain ones may be a        better fit for East TN than others!                 Best choices for East TN:

- _Biodiesel (B20)_ - Must include a low-NOx additive!; can be  used directly in diesel-using vehicles, and opportunity for federal financial assistance can make B20 equivalent in cost to diesel; also, wide variety of org.s getting interested in B20, with development of dispensing facilities already in the works
- _Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)_ - Opportunities for rebates to help with vehicle purchases, and potential federal/state assistance with infrastructure building costs; also, have proactive utilities (like SCUD) that are covering cost of purchase and installation of infrastructure!
- _Electricity_ - Has specific best-case market applications (airports; light, local transport; bus applications); hybrids!
- _Propane (LPG)_ - In certain fleets (light-duty truck users), wide availability of fuel and attractive fuel cost make switch easy

## East Tennessee & Regional Interstates

-  East TN is bisected horizontally and vertically by       I-40 and I-75, respectively
-  I-81 completes the trifecta for traversing the center    of the remaining area in East TN

## Transportation’s Share of theAir Quality Problem

- On-road transportation accounts for a significant percentage of
- emissions nationally:  NOx - 34%, VOCs - 29%, CO - 51%

***Transportation is the heavy-hitter with regard to Ozone formation!***

## Transportation sector is almost entirely dependenton oil; it accounts for ~68% of U.S. oil use now,     and will increase significantly in the future.

- Source: 1949-1999, EIA*, Annual Energy Review;** *2000-2020, *EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2001*

## Solutions to Transportation-based        Air Pollution

- _Transportation Demand Management/Reduce VMTs_
- Shared Rides, Public Transit and Telecommuting
- Land Use Planning/New Urbanism
- _Improve Fuel Economy_
- Technology R&D
- Mandates & Taxes
- Incentives for Advanced Technology Vehicles
- _Use Alternative Fuels_ - The Clean Cities Program       (this choice also helps us to simultaneously work    toward national energy independence)
-        Alt Fuels are just One Piece in a Larger Puzzle

## Air Quality Benefits ofAlternative Fuels

- Near-Term Technologies, Passenger Cars:
- Well-to-Wheel Energy Consumption and Emissions (per Mile)
**Data from Argonne National Laboratory's energy and emissions modeling tool: GREET.**
**GREET = Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation**

## Other Benefits of Alternative Fuels

- _Biodiesel_ - 100% biodegradable; multiple, renewable resources to make it from, including waste products; higher flash point; less offensive exhaust odor
- _CNG_ - Best segue to hydrogen economy; when spilled, doesn’t pool-dissipates; potential low cost
- _Electricity_ - Zero tailpipe emissions; production will get cleaner, use more renewables; no combustion noise; significant infrastructure
- _Propane_ - Most widely used alt fuel, internationally, for over 60 years; lowest flammability range; when spilled-dissipates; nontoxic, nonpoisonous; low cost

## Economic Benefits of Alternative Fuels

-  We send over $160 million/day ~ _approximately_
- _	__$1 billion/wk_ ~ overseas for foreign oil.
-  Why not put that money _into the U.S. economy_?

## National Energy Dependence/Security -the Balance is Tilted Against Us

*In 2000, the U.S. contains about 4.5% of the world’s population.*

## Energy Security:  The U.S. imports oil from at least 18 different countries to maintain its oil addiction, and...

## ...long-term data tells us that if we don’t start curbing our addiction, we will be buying that oil from the Middle East.

## Energy Security (continued)

***Graph courtesy of the Central Ohio Clean Fuels Coalition (COCFC)***

- Petroleum imports projected to meet 62% of U.S. petroleum demand in 2020 - up from 52% in 2000
-  U.S. now consumes 20 million barrels of oil _a day_ - 10+ million imported

## Fuel Use Within Sectors:Diversity, or Lack Thereof

***Graph courtesy of the Central Ohio Clean Fuels Coalition (COCFC)***

## Alternative Fuels and Improved Fuel Economy can reduce Oil Dependence

## The Clean Cities Program

*A voluntary, locally based partnership designed to advance the use of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs)*.

## National Clean Cities ProgramAccomplishments

- 82 active coalitions, with these new additions:
- 2001 - Triangle - NC, Twin Cities - MN, Vermont
- 2002 - Central Ohio, New Hampshire
- More than 4,700 stakeholders
- More than _132,000 AFVs_
- More than _5,300 refueling stations_
- 102 million gallons of petroleum displaced per year
- 19,000 metric tons of emissions reduced per year
- East TN has ~300 AFVs and ~25 stations (0.75% of pop. & 1.1% of area, yet only 0.23% of AFVs!)
*We have much work to do!*

## The ETCFC - Statistics

- Started - March 2002
- Service area - East TN
- # of counties in ET - 33
- # of people in ET - 2,108,135
- # of square miles in ET - 13,296
- ~80 people & over 40 organizations are participating; good organizational and geographic diversity of ET population
- ~$80k in annual core costs

## The ETCFC - Mission Statement

*The mission of the ETCFC is to *_*simultaneously*_
*1) promote the installation of alternative fueling stations and vehicles (AFVs) in order to facilitate development of a viable alternative fuels industry and economy in East Tennessee, and*
*2) improve air quality in the region.*

## The ETCFC - Participants

- Counties:  Knox, Sevier, Hamilton, Tri-Cities/OAP
- State officials:  TDE&CD-Energy Div., TDEC (TDOT?)
- Fuel Providers:  SCUD, TVA, KUB, AmeriGas, Griffin Industries, Electric Power Board (Chatt.), McNutt Oil
- Auto Co.s:  Ford, Honda, Toyota, Ted Russell Ford, Ebus
- Fleets:  KAT, Sevierville, CARTA, Fun Time Trolley
- Research & University-based:  ATTI, EERC, ORNL/ NTRC, UTK-Environmental Eng. (other universities?)
- Others:  GSMNP, Big South Fork Nat’l Park, IdleAire, McGhee-Tyson Airport, FGS, Fun Buggies, TN Soybean Promotion Council, B-97.5 & Oldies, individuals

## Potential Financial Assistancefor Projects/Purchases

- Zach Wamp’s _Clean Fuels Initiative_; working to test and demonstrate alternative fuels in transport. systems in the Southeast U.S. ($15+ million)
- Proposals through SEP (2 biodiesel in 2003;       “1 Million Gallon B20 Use & Education Project”)
- National Clean Cities, Inc. funding (rebates)
- Federal Assistance through Energy Legislation (e.g., $0.01/gal-% biodiesel mixed = $0.20/gal for B20; excise tax reduction) and/or Earmarks
- State Assistance (‘TN Fund’ or project specific)

## How Can You Get Involved &         Make a Difference in East Tennessee?

- What alternative/American fuels you should use depends on your vehicles or fleet:
- Vehicles/fleets that _already use diesel_ may want to focus on _Biodiesel (B20)_, as that is the most cost-effective choice for current diesel users.
- Light- to medium-duty vehicles or fleets that _use gasoline_ would most likely want to consider _CNG, propane or electricity_ depending on the application.  These three alt fuels all have the attractions within East TN depending on the fleet!

## How Do You Get Started                Making a Difference via Alt Fuels?

- Ultimately, what we would like to hear from you today is that _you are interested and want to learn more_!
- If you think alternative fuels could be a part of the way _you can help East Tennessee_ deal with its air pollution, energy dependence and economic development problems simultaneously, then simply _provide us your contact information and we will be in-touch in the very near future_!

## Global Warming data:Atmospheric CO2 Concentration (ppm)

## Slide 31

## Your Link to Alternative Fuelsin East Tennessee:www.ETCFC.org  /  (865) 974-3625Questions?

*Be a Part of the Solution,*
*Not the Pollution*