# Presentation: 363836

## Vision-100 FAA Reauthorization

**Dean McMath**
**Planning and Programming Branch**

## What is VALE?

**New permanent program**
- Began October 1, 2004 for FY ’05
**Expansion of AIP and PFC eligibility****	****(not a budget)**
- Voluntary “stand-alone” projects as well 	as traditional “environmental mitigation”
- Mobile sources
**Clarification of procedures**
- AIP Handbook (pending Order 5100.3B, 	Chg. 2, Sec. 585) & PFC Part 158 rev’s
- Easier documentation and justifications	(SIPs, mitigation requirements, other 	documentation)

## Environmental andEnergy Importance

**Air quality is a growing issue****	****(with noise)**
- Earlier and greater emission reductions
- All ground-based sources at airports 	except for aircraft
**Air quality and airport improvements ****	****can happen together**
**Less reliance on foreign oil imports**

## Major Incentives for Early Action to meet Clean Air Act

**More Federal $$ and resources**
**Airport emission reduction credits**

## Two Major  Airport Funding Programs

**	****Airport****Improvement Program (AIP)**About $3 Billion/yr.
**	****Passenger Facility Charges (PFC)**About $2 Billion/yr.

**30% Discretionary****1/3 is “noise and air quality set-aside”**

**Entitlements****70%**

## Challenges

**Expanding to a national program**
- One-third (34%) of commercial service airports are located in nonattainment or maintenance areas -41 of the 50 busiest airports
**Allowing more alternative and clean ****	****conventional fuels, plus hybrid vehicles**
**Developing low-emission vehicle standards**
**Concluding a national agreement with EPA ****	****on airport emission credits**
**Integrating Vision-100 emission provisions**
- Clean Air Act
- General Conformity and NSR regulations
- AIP and PFC requirements

## VALE is based on AIR-21 ILEAV Pilotwith other Federal agency technical support

**VALE is based on AIR-21 ILEAV Pilot****with other Federal agency technical support**

- SMF

-      SFO

- BTR

- DFW

- DIA

-   ATL

-        BWI

-   JFK
- LGA

- ORD

## General Eligibility

**Only one EPA classification needed **
- e.g., Portland is a CO maintenance area
**Airport-dedicated**
**Infrastructure **
- Airport-owned (PFC lease option)
- Primary emissions purpose
**Airport usage commitments**
**Standard Grant Assurances (AIP) and Funding Requirements (PFC)**
- Guidelines in AIP Handbook (Order 5100.38B) and PFC Part 158
- Grants/funds spent appropriately on a timely basis
- Enforcement (termination for cause/ convenience)

## Special Conditions

**Vehicles remain at airport for useful life ****	**(average years provided)
**Tracking and monitoring**
**Replace in-kind or cleaner**

## Airports are a microcosm of the national fleet

## Vehicle Eligibility

**Airport GSE and GAV**
- No vehicles operating regionally(e.g., per. cars, taxis, limos, super shuttles)
- No O&M costs(e.g., fuel, battery replacement)
**New vehicles must be EPA-certified to meet VALE standards**
_*Incremental*_ costs only - no *base* costs
**Retrofits for existing vehicles must be EPA-verified**
- Full cost of retrofit technology
- EPA web site:
- 	_www.epa.gov/otaq/retrofit_(see technology, verified products)

## Individual New VehicleLow-Emission Standards

**Based on national low-emission vehicle ****	****fleet standards**
**Emissions performance per vehicle for ****	****long-term gains, not incremental ones**
**Simplified (tail pipe emissions only)**
**Reflects existing EPA standard-setting**
- Weight classes
- On-road vs. non-road
- Spark (gasoline) vs. compression ignition (diesel)
**Provides “safety net” to ensure****	****cost-effective vehicle acquisitions ****	****regardless of fuel choice**

## Alternative Fuels for AIP

- _Eligible Alt. Fuels_
- Electric
- Natural Gas
- Propane
- Ethanol 85
- Methanol 85
- Hydrogen
- Coal-derived liquids
- Biodiesel (B100)
- P-series
- Hybrid Technology

**Vision-100, AIP–Sec. 159(d)**
*	**“**Low-emission technology ...that relies exclusively on alternative fuels that are *_*substantially non-petroleum based*_*, as defined by the Department of Energy, but not excluding hybrid systems...”*
**Defined by DOE EPAct**
**Fuel neutral**
**Alternative fuels are well-suited to airports**
- Centralized traffic patterns
- Available land for refueling stations

## Vehicle Eligibility Varies by Funding Source

**	****AIP Vehicles**
- New vehicles
- AFVs and hybrids
- Airport-owned
**	****PFC Vehicles**
- New and retrofit
- AFVs, hybrids, and clean conventional
- Airport-owned andtenant-owned

## AIP GSE Retrofit Pilot Program

**GSE retrofits **
- Cleaner technology and fuels
- Tenant ownership and supporting 	infrastructure allowed
**10 commercial service airports in ****	****NA/MAs**
- Each grant up to $500,000
**Selection criteria similar to VALE**
- Cost effectiveness
- EPA-verified control technology
- State emission credit assurance
**Project approval by Headquarters**

## GSE by Owner & Fuel Type(about 72,000 total units – average age of 9 -10 years)

**25%**

**Other-owned**

**75%****Airline Owned**

## Eligible Infrastructure Examples

**Refueling/recharging stations (public access possible) **
**Conversions of airport power plants, generators, and other combustion sources to cleaner fuels**
**Public transit lines/connections (only portion on airport property)**

** **

*Replaced by...*

- Tanker Trucks

- Fuel Carts

*Emissions reduced **by...*

- Ground Power

- Pre-conditioned Air

- Fuel Hydrants

- Auxiliary Power Unit

## Agency Coordination

**Airport**
**Sponsor**

**State****AQ**
**Agency**

**FAA**

**EPA**

** ****Project planning**
** ****Implementation**
** ****Tracking**

** ****National AERC guidance**
** ****Low-emission technology certification**
** ****FAA standards support**

** ****Verify surplus reductions**
** ****Relation to SIP**
** ****AERC issuance**

** ****National program guidance **
** ****AIP/PFC funding approval**
** ****Compliance  **

## FAA Funding Contingent on State/EPA Credit Guarantee

**AERCs alter the old “dynamic”**
*Why should the sponsor voluntarily expend mitigation measures that could help later?*
**Sponsors can use AERCs for:**
- General Conformity
- New Source Review
***Vision-100***** AERC requirements**
- Consistent nationally
- Meet CAA criteria:  quantifiable, surplus, permanent, Federally enforceable
- Issued on a timely basis
- Available to ILEAV projects retroactively

## Sponsor Project Application Checklist

- State AERC letter of assurance to FAA
- Cost-effectiveness (deployment not R&D)
- Program low emission vehicle standards
- Alternative/cleaner fuels
- Airport-dedicated vehicle & use commitments
- Nonattainment/maintenance area
- Commercial service airport

## Program Management and Information

**Managed by FAA regional offices**
- Regional funding approvals
**Documents available at: *****www.faa.gov/arp/environmental/vale***
- List of eligible airports
- AIP and PFC announcement letters
- FAA Technical Report
- V1.1 update pending
- FAA evaluation checklist
- PFC timeframes
- Clarification of eligible AIP expenses
- EPA/FAA AERC Report
- Worksheets and label
**Supported by EDMS V4.2**