# Presentation: 656703

## XML: Advanced Concepts and Long Term Vision

- Tim Bornholtz
- Holly Hyland

**Technical Track Session **

## FSA XML Overview

- Discuss the background of FSA’s XML Initiative.
- Present a brief Overview of the XML Registry and Repository for the Education Community.
- Outline next steps for bridging the gap for Systems Developers and Data Base Designers.

## FSA XML Framework Business Drivers

- Simplify and standardize data exchange with internal and external trading partners.
- Deliver consistent and accurate data across the enterprise-level systems at FSA.

## FSA XML Framework Business Drivers

- Achieve enterprise-wide efficiencies related to better data exchange standards and policies.
- Strengthen FSA’s relationship with the government and financial aid community data standards bodies, to support industry-wide data exchange standards.

## FSA XML Vision

*FSA will use XML, via a single set of enterprise and community standards, to simplify and streamline data exchange across postsecondary education.*

**Notes:**
The XML Framework will enable FSA to realize the benefits of fully integrating XML as an enterprise-wide standard for internal and external data exchange.  By establishing enterprise-wide XML standards and policies, this vision represents a strategic shift in FSA’s approach to data exchange and modeling and will enable FSA to take full advantage of XML’s position as the industry standard for data exchange, as well as XML’s more advanced technical capabilities.

## FSA XML Goals

- Data Exchange Standard – Standardize FSA’s data exchange using XML as the data exchange technology standard.
- Consistent and Accurate Data – Achieve consistent and accurate data.  The framework will define data standards, as XML entities, for data exchange to achieve consistent and accurate data.

## FSA XML Goals

- Data Cleanup and Maintenance – Enable data cleanup and maintenance activities.  The framework will utilize commonly-defined XML Core Components and XML-based tools to enable the data cleanup and data maintenance activities, as part of the larger Data Strategy Enterprise-Wide initiative.

## FSA XML Goals

- Standard Data Tools and Processes – Establish standard data tools and processes, to support consistently performed data/XML modeling through standard tools and processes.  These standards will be aligned with community and government standards initiatives.

## FSA XML Goals

- System Flexibility – Provide system flexibility to simplify future interface changes and support new application and data exchange requirements, through XML-based data modeling for system interfaces.
- Data Modeling Best Practices – Use XML and Data Modeling best practices in order to model key business data for exchange and storage.

## FSA XML Goals

- Governance – Establish an XML governance process to maintain and refresh FSA’s XML capabilities.
- Communication – Define processes to ensure timely and accurate communications with FSA’s business partners (e.g., Schools, Guaranty Agencies, Third Party Servicers, Software Providers, etc.) regarding XML implementations and changes.

## FSA XML Goals

- Service-Oriented Architectures – Develop an XML infrastructure that supports usage of advanced capability, such as Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) and real-time transactions.

## FSA XML Approach

- FSA’s Enterprise XML Framework approach is called the XML Maturity Model.
- The XML Maturity Model is based on previous XML development at FSA, XML case studies, general industry trends, and key principles from Carnegie Melon’s Software Engineering Institute (SEI) Capability Maturity Model (CMM).

**Notes:**
This model provides a sequencing plan for FSA to incrementally standardize and improve its usage of XML across the enterprise.  The activities and sequence are aligned with FSA’s key business objectives.  The XML Maturity Model is based on previous XML development at FSA, XML case studies, general industry trends, and key principles from Carnegie Melon’s Software Engineering Institute (SEI) Capability Maturity Model (CMM). 

## XML Maturity Model for FSA

**Notes:**
1.      Enable the Data Cleanup and Data Maintenance Activities, as part of the larger Data Strategies initiative.
2.      Consistently perform data/XML modeling through standard tools and processes.
3.      Establish an XML governance process to maintain and refresh FSA’s XML capabilities.
4.      Use XML and Data Modeling Best Practices in order to model key business data for exchange and storage.
5.      Transform the organization to using XML for all new and updated internal and external interfaces.

## FSA XML Background

- The COD implementation has led FSA into the XML world.
- The successful implementation of XML in COD has made XML well positioned to become an enterprise data exchange standard at FSA.

**Notes:**
Background
Historically, FSA has exchanged data predominantly using proprietary flat files.  Many different types of data, from student application data, to financial aid origination and disbursements, to historical student aid information have been formatted this way.  Today, XML represents only 1% of internal and 5% of external electronic data transfers by FSA.  (These percentages represent the FMS internal exchange and the COD Common Record external exchange.)[1]   

FSA initially implemented XML for external data exchange in a strategic, application-specific manner.  When the Common Origination and Disbursement (COD) system was being designed and developed, XML was rapidly becoming the industry standard for data exchange.  At that time, there was no FSA enterprise, organized standard for using XML.  In order to take advantage of the benefits of XML, FSA made the strategic decision to use XML for the COD data exchange with schools.

The COD implementation has led FSA into the XML world.  The successful implementation of XML in COD has made XML well positioned to become an enterprise data exchange standard at FSA.  The CPS ISIR is currently being drafted as an XML schema, following the same structure used to create the COD Common Record.  With additional XML initiatives within FSA and the Postsecondary Financial Aid Community on the near horizon, FSA recognized the need to formalize its structure and governance for using XML in data exchange interfaces.  As part of the Data Strategies Enterprise-wide initiative, FSA is developing an Enterprise Vision for using XML.
[1]  Data Strategy Enterprise Wide Technical Strategies Statement of Focus (Deliverable 123.1.6), June 30, 2003.

## FSA XML Background

- COD chose XML for the Common Record, which consolidates sixteen flat files into one new file.  The use of XML in COD has provided the following benefits:
- Simplified files and documentation.
- Simplified processes.
- Increased business capabilities.

## FSA ebXML Compliant

- The Registry FSA implemention is compliant with the ebXML Registry and Repository specification v2.5.
- The Registry/Repository stores XML schema and documents approximately 1,000 XML Core Components.

## XML Registry and Repository for the Education Communtiy

- This section provides an overview of the XML Registry and Repository for the Education Community:
- http://www.fsaxmlregistry.ed.gov
- Additional documentation located at:
- http://www.PESC.org

## Governance Steps

- Review to ensure compatible elements.
- Identify new elements.
- Submit to PESC Submission Advisory Board for review.
- Develop schema according to business rules and XML Technical Specification.
- Submit to PESC Change Control Board for final review.

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## Creating a Schema from the Registry

- Create an empty schema.
- Search for the core components.
- Paste the core components into the schema.

## XML Schema

- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <xs:schema targetNamespace="urn:edu:myschool:myschema:v1.0.0"
- 		xmlns="urn:edu:myschool:myschema:v1.0.0"
- 		xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
- 		elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="unqualified">
-     <xs:element name=“RootElement">
-     </xs:element>
- </xs:schema>

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## <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

**<xs:schema>**
**<xs:element name=“RootElement">**
**   ****<xs:complexType>**
**      ****<xs:sequence>**
**         ****<xs:element name="LastName" type="LastNameType"/>**
**      ****</xs:sequence>**
**   ****</xs:complexType>**
**</xs:element>**
**<!-- ===== CORE COMPONENT: LastNameType ===== -->   **
**<xs:simpleType name="LastNameContent">   **
**	****<xs:restriction base="xs:string">   **
**	****	****<xs:minLength value="1"/>   **
**	****	****<xs:maxLength value="35"/>   **
**	****</xs:restriction>   **
**</xs:simpleType>   **
**<xs:complexType name="LastNameType">   **
**	****<xs:annotation>   **
**	****	****<xs:documentation>This basic component specifies the last name or surname by which   **
**a person is legally known. </xs:documentation>   **
**	****</xs:annotation>   **
**	****<xs:complexContent>   **
**	****	****<xs:extension base="LastNameContent">   **
**	****	****</xs:extension>   **
**	****</xs:complexContent>   **
**</xs:complexType>  **
**</xs:schema>**

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## Bridging the Gap

- The XML Community and the Data Modeling Community have different vernaculars and taxonomies for dealing with Data Standardization.
- Both should adhere to naming standards (e.g. ISO 11179).

## FSA XML Goals

- Standard Data Tools and Processes – Establish standard data tools and processes, to support consistently performed data/XML modeling through standard tools and processes.  These standards will be aligned with community and government standards initiatives.
- Data Modeling Best Practices – Use XML and Data Modeling best practices in order to model key business data for exchange and storage.

## Compare and Contrast

- Both deal with Data Standardization.
- Data Types are Different DBA and Data Modeling tools can not deal with Tokens, etc.
- XML: While addressing Logical Groupings similar to Data Modeling, XML does not account for Relationships between Groupings ( Foreign Keys).
- Registries and Data modeling:  Tools should adhere to the same standards to ensure interoperability.

## FSA Benefits in real numbers

- FSA treats Data as an Asset

**FSA Benefits in real numbers**

- 950 Attributes at 20 hours per attribute represents nine man    years worth of effort.
- Reduces Risk
- Promotes Reuse
- Saves Time

## Extract from FSA Metadata Landscape

** **

***EA***
***Repository***
***Popkin***

**Meta Integration **
**Tool**

**Mappings**
**Repository**

**EDW**
**ETL**

- Legacy System Data

- Data Model Metadata

**Notes:**
With metadata now properly standardized and centralized, it becomes infinitely easier to then allow external consumers to come and leverage that knowledge to ensure their applications/processes, etc are all in compliance with the appropriate data. 

The same mapping system as described above in Slide 7 is essentially required to map metadata out of the Repository to the various consumers’ environments that require it for their needs/processes. Examples:
ETL Tools/processes/developers will tap into the Metadata Repository for knowledge of data whereabouts, definitions, so they know where they need to pull data from to load their various systems (warehouses, etc). 
BI Tools/Tools/Processes/workers as above leverage the metadata repository to find data they are looking for to complete reports etc
Warehousing is an extension of the two above...where warehouse definitions, storage etc are made known to the enterprise for mining, importation, mapping etc. 
[mainframe icon] New systems being built requiring data assets will need to leverage the standardized data definitions
[spreadsheet, doc and file icons] Re purposing the metadata...such as for the need to create XML schemas...will also have to leverage these same standard structures, 
[model icon] New modeling efforts will have their models essentially derived directly from the standard metadata. 
[person icon] Business folks and knowledge workers will need to go to “the source of truth” when analyzing data. 
[computer icon] Any new application development (client side or otherwise) will need to ensure that the data it is required to manage conforms to standardized structures. 

## FSA has Developed Process to Bridge the Gap

- Through the Adoption of Standards
- FSA has been able to design and develop an XML Registry and Repository.
- Develop a bridge between the XML Registry and Repository and data modeling tools to:
- Share Tags with their Definitions, Data Types and Related Schemas.
- Develop Data Models from Logical to Physical to include related scripts to build Table Structures.

## XML Tags as Data Attributes

- Over 950 Tags Converted to Data Attributes and Loaded into Modeling Tool

## Centrally Managed Data Element Dictionary and Reference Values in Sync with XML Repository

- 664 Reference Values ranging from Country Codes to Academic Calendar Codes available to FSA developers

## Institutional Student Information Record (ISIR) XML Schema

## ISIR Data Model

## Create Physical Table Scripts

## Export to XSD W3C Schema Format

## Schema is All About Data 

**Schema is All About Data **

- Data Concept

## Transforming Data to XML

## Process Review

- Started with:
- Tags Registered in XML Repository and Repository (ebXML 2.5 Standard).
- ISIR XML Schema.
- Transitioned to:
- Data Modeling tool which
- Created Data Model & Preserved definitions, naming conventions,
- Created Script for DBA, and
- Exported to XML (W3C Schema Standard).

## Handling Class Associations

- An associated class is treated as a simple data element with a global element declaration and complex type definition.

## Contact Information

- We appreciate your feedback and comments.  We can be reached at:
-      Tim Bornholtz
-       Phone: 202.377.3465
-       Email: Tim.Bornholtz@ed.gov
-  Holly Hyland
-       Phone: 202.377.3710
-       Email: Holly.Hyland@ed.gov