# Presentation: 788891

## Emerging Lighting Technologies

- James R. Brodrick, Ph.D.
**US Department of Energy**
- November 2, 2005
**Interagency Energy Management Task Force Meeting**
**Washington, DC**

## Table of Contents

**Timing the Future**

**3**

**White Light LED Status**

**1**

**Setting the Context**

**5**

**Interagency Questions**

**2**

**Solid State Lighting**

## Mission Statements

**Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy**
- The EERE mission is to strengthen America's energy security, environmental quality, and economic vitality in public-private partnerships that: enhance energy efficiency and productivity; bring clean, reliable and affordable energy technologies to the marketplace; and make a difference in the everyday lives of Americans by enhancing their energy choices and their quality of life.

**Lighting Research and Development Program**
- To increase end-use efficiency in buildings by aggressively researching new and evolving lighting technologies, in close collaboration with partners, to develop viable methodologies that have the technical potential to conserve 50% of electric lighting consumption by 2025.

## U.S. Buildings Energy End-Use Breakdown, 2001

- Source: Building Technology Program Core Databook, August 2003.  http://buildingsdatabook.eren.doe.gov/frame.asp?p=tableview.asp&TableID=509&t=xls

- U.S. Buildings Energy End-Use Breakdown, 2001

**Total Primary Energy (all fuels)**

**2390 TWh**

**37.6 quads**

**Notes:**
The United States consumes almost 99 quadrillion BTUs of energy annually. 
According to estimates from the Energy Information Administration, in just two decades we will need 175 quads of energy. That's three-quarters more than Americans consume today. 
We used these projections as the basis for our energy plan. EIA also projected that of the extra 76 quads that will be needed, we should offset almost two thirds of that - 48 quads - though conservation and energy efficiency measures, leaving a supply shortfall of 28 quads. 
Much of the commentary and criticism of our energy plan has focused on the measures we proposed to meet that 28 quad shortfall, particularly drilling for oil in a remote spot in the Alaska National Wildlife Refuge. 
But to my mind what's equally important - perhaps even more important - is something the critics and commentators have largely ignored. And that's the 48 quads worth of efficiency and conservation gains. Because if we can't get those conservation and efficiency gains, it won't make any difference how much oil we recover in Alaska or how many new power plants are built. We won't be able to keep up with the demands of a dynamic and growing economy. 
So modernizing energy efficiency and increasing our use of renewable energy resources have always been an important part of President Bush's balanced energy plan. Of the 105 recommendations in our National Energy Policy, 54 of them pertain to energy efficiency and renewable energy.

## DOE Solid-State Lighting 5 Thrust – Total Program

- DOE Solid-State Lighting 5 Thrust – Total Program

- Guiding technology advances from laboratory to marketplace

## The Legislative AuthorityDomenici-Barton Energy Policy Act of 2005Section 912

*“**The Secretary shall carry out a Next Generation Lighting Initiative in accordance with this section to support research, development, demonstration, and commercial application activities related to advanced solid-state lighting technologies based on white light emitting diodes.”*

## SSL PartnershipNext Generation Lighting Industry AllianceMOA

*“**The Parties will conduct activities in support of research, development, demonstration and deployment of solid state lighting (SSL) technologies for general lighting applications.”*
*“...**create criteria for voluntary market conditioning programs, such as ENERGY STAR *®”
**Members:**
- Air Products   ♦   CAO Group Inc.   ♦   Color Kinetics   ♦   Corning Inc. ♦ Cree Inc. ♦   Dow Corning ♦   Eastman Kodak Company ♦   GELcore LLC   ♦   General Electric Company   ♦   Lumileds Lighting LLC   ♦   LPI, LLC  ♦ OSRAM Opto Semiconductors Inc. ♦   Osram Sylvania ♦ Philips Electronic North American Corp.   ♦   3M Corp.

## Table of Contents

**4**

**Timing the Future**

**3**

**White Light LED Status**

**1**

**Setting the Context**

**5**

**Interagency Questions**

**2**

**Solid State Lighting**

**Notes:**
I'll describe several examples of R&D that DOE is supporting in the area of conventional light sources. 

## Examples of SSL Applications Today

- ©Lumileds

- ©Intercept Technology EVP

- ©OSRAM Opto Semiconductors

- ©Lumileds

- ©Dialight

- ©Seimens

**Notes:**
Advantages in these applications include:
Reduced Energy Consumption – as SSL technology continues to evolve, the savings will increase
Long Operating Life – LED  technology offers operating lives that are 10 to 50 times longer than that of incandescent sources
Durability – able to resist vibration and impact
Smaller Lamp Size – saving size and weight, fixtures can be thinner, design flexibility 
Safety Enhancements – faster “on” times, greater conspicuity, low operating wattage
Light Control – highly directional and controllable, reduce glare

## Current and Potential Electricity Savings from LEDs in Niche Applications

- Source**: **Energy Savings Estimates of Light Emitting Diodes in Niche Lighting Applications, Navigant Consulting, November 2003; www.netl.doe.gov/ssl/ .

**Notes:**
This slide presents the results of the energy savings estimates for the 6 niche applications with the most potential for energy savings. The green portion of the bar represents the annual energy that is already saved, and the yellow portion represents the energy savings potential with 100% LED market penetration- the hypothetical or technical potential estimate. 

Commercial advertising signs, traffic signals, and holiday lights represent the top three stationary applications with future savings potential for LEDs.  Of these, commercial advertising signs appear to be the most promising. For mobile transportation applications, large truck and bus lights and automobile lights represent the greatest future savings.

## Solid State Lighting Today

- Exit signs, traffic signals, advertising signage, airport taxiway lights
- 4 states (CA, CT, MD, NJ) mandate efficiency and performance levels for exit signs and traffic signals that are best met with LEDs
- Legislation pending in ~10 other states
- LEDs are starting to compete in white-light applications
- Airplane reading lights, directional / task lighting
- High-brightness LEDs represented ~$3.7 billion in 2004
- Top applications: commercial electric signs (58%), automotive (13%)
- OLEDs focus on display applications and not general illumination

**Notes:**
The market grew by about $1 billion between 2003 and 2004.

$3.7 billion in 2004: source: Strategies Unlimited cited in LRC presentation Feb 16, 2005.

## Table of Contents

**4**

**Timing the Future**

**3**

**White Light LED Status**

**1**

**Setting the Context**

**5**

**Interagency Questions**

**2**

**Solid State Lighting**

## Efficiency and Cost of White-Light Sources

- Incandescent (75W)	  ~13 lm/W
- Fluorescent (T8) 	  ~83 lm/W
- HID (Metal Halide) 	~100 lm/W
- SSL (White LED)	  ~50 lm/W
**Normalized retail lamp price (2005)**
- Incandescent (75W)	 ~0.60 $/klm
- Fluorescent (T8)	 ~0.73 $/klm
- HID (Metal Halide)	 ~1.27 $/klm
- SSL (White LED)         ~150.00 $/klm*manufacturer data
**Research is improving SSL efficacy while decreasing price**

**Notes:**
White LED efficacy and costs above are for the new Cree X-Lamp 7090. 2/28/05

Costs are still high, but decreasing. Less than a year ago, we estimated white LED cost at $250/klm. 

Industry leaders expect to achieve 1 cent/lumen ($10/klm) within 3-5 years. (Big 5 panel at Strategies in Light conference)

## Initial White LED Applications

- Downlights, focused light applications
- Task lights, desk lights
- Undercabinet
- Display cases, including refrigerated
- Elevators – vibration resistance, long life
- Architectural – durability

## Current Products on the Market

- MR16 replacements, desk lamps, outdoor
- Marketed as "energy-efficient"
- High prices
- Low light output
- Caveat emptor! Reality check-list:
- Verify lumens per watt
- Calculate $ per kilo-lumen
- Assess need for special LED features (durability, etc.)
- Check color quality
- Get a sample

## White-Light SSL Challenges

**Lifetime – lumen maintenance; heat management**
**Efficacy – improving rapidly**
**Color Quality – high CCTs**
**Luminous Flux**
**Cost**
**Need testing/reporting standards**
**Ready or Not**

## Table of Contents

**4**

**Timing the Future**

**3**

**White Light LED Status**

**1**

**Setting the Context**

**5**

**Interagency Questions**

**2**

**Solid State Lighting**

## Accelerated R&D for White Light SSL

- MetalHalide

- T-8 lamp

- T-12 ES

- MonoOLED

- T-12 fluorescent

- MonoLED

**White Light SSL**
**Laboratory**

- Efficacy (lumens per watt)

**White Light SSL**
**Commercial**

***SSL Laboratory and Commercial Curves, revised September 2004***

## Importance of Strategic TimingHypothetical LED Installation

- Importance of Strategic TimingHypothetical LED Installation

- Delay introduction to 2008, 50 LPW

- Early introduction 2005, 20 LPW

- Note: SSL replacing 14 LPW halogen sockets generating 1000 lumens for 3 hours per day.  Replacement in 2005 with 20 lumen per watt white-light LED or delayed to 2008 with 50 lumen per watt.  Efficacies held constant over time.

- Lost energy
- savings

## General Plan for Commercialization Support

- ENERGY STAR® SSL Specifications
- Design competitions for SSL systems
- Coordination with utility, regional, and national market transformation programs
- Technology procurement programs linking products to volume buyers
- Consumer and business awareness programs
- Technical information resources – Test Procedures

## Table of Contents

**4**

**Timing the Future**

**3**

**White Light LED Status**

**1**

**Setting the Context**

**5**

**Interagency Questions**

**2**

**Solid State Lighting**

## SSL as Emerging International Market

- The SSL Determination of Excep. Circum.
- Major overseas competition
- Foreign government R&D support
- Will SSL be the future VCR?
- Low quality products into the USA
- IP Protection