# Presentation: 216618

## Presented by
Luke Cheng, Regional Vice President – Asia Pacific, Citilabs Inc.
Formerly MTA Transportation Planning Manager

- Presented by
- Luke Cheng, Regional Vice President – Asia Pacific, Citilabs Inc.
- Formerly MTA Transportation Planning Manager

- Building a Multimodal Comprehensive Truck/Freight Modeling for Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

**Notes:**
_x0010__x0010_

## MTA’S ROLES

- 2,660 buses (as of Sep. 04)
- 73 miles of Metro Rail service
- 423 lane-miles of HOV lane

- Commuter rail, transit, highways, arterial streets, bikeways, pedestrian connections, and demand reduction strategies.

- Transit Operator/Infrastructure Builder:

*Countywide Planning/Programming:*

##  Southern California’s Freight Infrastructure

-  Southern California’s Freight Infrastructure

- POLA/POLB – 1st & 2nd among all US Container Ports, 35% of all waterborne cargo, 11.8M TEU in 2003, 3rd in the world if combined.
- LAX – 3rd in the nation, 6th in the world in cargo volume (1.8M tons in 2003)
- UP & BNSF – Class I R/R, with 6 intermodal terminals (Hobart Yard, the largest, handled over 1.0M lift a year)
- 8900   – Lane-Miles of Freeways (many sections carrying over 20K trucks daily)
- 15000 – Miles of Major Arterials

## FUTURE GROWTH TRENDS 

**2000-2020**

**In the mean time, freight movement will grow :**

- FUTURE GROWTH TRENDS

**16.7**

**18.9**

**21.5**

**2000**

**2010**

**2020**

**0**

**5**

**10**

**15**

**20**

**25**

- Millions

**91**

**319**

**2.2 **

**309**

**527**

**8.9**

**0**

**100**

**200**

**300**

**400**

**500**

**600**

**Rail**

**Truck**

**Air**

**1995**

**2020**

**240%**
**Increase**

**65%**
**Increase**

**304%**
**Increase**

**Millions of Tons**

- Source: Southern California Association of Governments

- Source: California Dept. of Finance

## 2001 LONG RANG TRANSPORTATION PLAN

- Identified as an important issue
- Need clearly defined strategy to accommodate anticipated freight growth
- Take proactive role in working with all private and public stakeholders to develop solutions

- On Freight/Truck Movement -

## NEED BETTER FREIGHT PLANNING TOOLS

- Traditional Travel Demand Model is for forecasting passenger traffic, not suitable for modeling freight/truck traffic
- Freight/truck traffic occupies a substantial share of infrastructure capacity
- Actual freight / truck movement data is required to build a good freight/truck model
- Planners need better understanding and knowledge of how and why freight / truck move

## MTA’S GOAL

- Develop an
- 		**Innovative **
**	****	****Multimodal**
**	****	****Comprehensive**
- Truck/Freight Movement Model

## TRUCK/FREIGHT MODELING

**Movement To/From Sea Ports**
**Movement To/From Airports**
**All Non-Port/Airport Related Movement**
**   ****Warehouse/Distribution center**
**   ****Local delivery truck trips**
**   ****Service oriented truck trips**

- Why Truck/Freight?
- --- Not all trucks are carrying freight and not
-      all freight is on truck.

## MODEL FRAMEWORK

## MODEL CHARACTERISTICS

-   Comparatively Simpler
-  Limited number of trip generators (ports,
-   airports, rail intermodal yards)
-  Out-of-region O/D => External cordon
-   stations of regional highway/rail networks
-   Past effort have dealt with –
-  POLA/LB Transportation Study
-  SCAG Truck Count Study
-  Airport Master Plan, ...
-  *Beyond Warehouse/DC – Unknown*

- Port/Airport Related Movement:

## MODEL CHARACTERISTICS

-  numerous origins & destinations
-  multiple distinct types of operation:
-    LTL, TL, local delivery, construction
-    related, service oriented, ...
-  Has not been analyzed *systematically* to date
-  Also involve* Warehouse/DC *

- Non-Port/Airport Related Movement:

## COMPENDIUM OF TRUCK/FREIGHT INFORMATION

- Major freight transportation facility
- Freight Movement data (CFS, ITMS,...)
- Truck trip generators (trucking industry, warehousing/DC)
- Universe of trucks (DMV, type, size, GVW)
- Truck traffic (counts, surveys, studies)
- Truck involved accidents

## TRUCK/FREIGHT MODELING FRAMEWORK AND PREPARATION

- To provide planners knowledge and understanding of domestic truck/freight movements;
- To develop a model framework for modeling domestic truck/freight movements; and
- To recommend an approach for constructing a domestic truck/freight movement model

## TRUCKING FUNDAMENTALS
Trucks come in a multitude of sizes and types
Most classifications or descriptions of trucks are created for specific purposes, often regulatory 

FREIGHT FUNDAMENTALS
Freight and service trucking are derived demands
Demand for freight transportation is derived from the requirement of shippers and receivers to move goods from where they are to where they are needed
Demand for service trucking is derived from the customer’s service requirements

- Trucks come in a multitude of sizes and types
- Most classifications or descriptions of trucks are created for specific purposes, often regulatory
**FREIGHT FUNDAMENTALS**
- Freight and service trucking are derived demands
- Demand for freight transportation is derived from the requirement of shippers and receivers to move goods from where they are to where they are needed
- Demand for service trucking is derived from the customer’s service requirements

## LOCAL TRUCKING

- Local trucking accounts for most truck movements – not the long haul segment
- Operations have three basic patterns – radial, peddle and multi-leg

**RADIAL**

**PEDDLE**

**MULTI-LEG**

**Notes:**
There is much to say about local trucking.
Most companies would insist that their operation is unique, but in fact, there are a number of commonalities such as dispatch patterns.

## SERVICE TRUCKING FUNDAMENTALS

- Service trucking is the movement of a truck for the purpose of performing a service function (maintenance, utility work, etc).
- Rarely has it been considered in planning or modeling efforts
- 74% of the Los Angeles metro area “truck” population is used in business or personal services
- Most vehicles are small Class 1 or 2 pickups, SUVs, and vans (GVW 10,000 lbs or less) often ignored in truck models
- Services accounts for a significant portion of medium-duty vehicles

- Service providers make their money by stopping while freight haulers are paid to move

## TRUCK/FREIGHT MODELING METHODS

**State-of-the-practice:**
- Link-based factoring
- Origin-Destination factoring
- 3-step freight truck models
- 4-step commodity models
- Economic activity models *(Oregon)*
- Hybrid (commodity and truck both) models *(SCAG HDT)*
**State-of-the-art:**
- Logistics chain models *(The Netherlands)*
- Tour-based models *(Calgary)*

## RECOMMENDED HYBRID MODEL FRAMEWORK

**A Hybrid Model combining:**
- Logistics chain models for agriculture products, petroleum and coal, forestry, mining,...
- Tour-based models for textile, apparel, electronics and appliance, furniture,..., and services

**Notes:**
Need hybrid because when freight gets mixed with other freight in a truck, the logistics chains become difficult to trace.
Bulk goods tend to be able to be modeled with the logistic chain approach.
Packaged goods tend to move both as full loads and as mixed loads; hence, the tour based model is better for the trips with mixed shipments.

## LOGISTICS BASED MODEL COMPONENT 

- Focus on how shipments move from producer to consumer
- Include mode choice decisions
- Three layers: economic, logistics and transport
- 38% of local commodities is eligible for this approach
- Four illustrative logistics chains are:

- Focus on linking a series of legs and trips into a single tour
- Can be used for truck trips not more accurately described by logistic models
- A series of disaggregate logit models
- No mode choice is involved

**TOUR  BASED MODEL COMPONENT**

**Notes:**
Explain the three layers.  They are need to fully describe and account for all shipment size variations and choice decisions

## IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH 

- Phase I – Prototype Logistics-chain and Tour-based model for one industry
- Phase II – Remaining industries and model validation.

## INTERIM CUBE CARGO MODEL

- Cube Cargo is the only modeling software available to date that is specifically developed to simulate regional and urban truck/freight movements;
- Successfully applied in over 20 studies in 10 European nations including Germany, France, Belgium, Norway, Denmark, Greece and Italy;
- Multimodal - It treats truck and rail separately;
- Beyond HDT - It models local delivery, service truck trips and tour-based trips;
- Contained Logistic Chain and Tour Based Concept
- Cube Cargo is a module of Cube system, a family of travel demand modeling software, which integrates modeling of automobiles, transit and truck/freight in one system.

## A COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM

*Cube Base:*
*ArcGIS*
*Viper*
*GIS Tools*
*Model Building Tools*
*Scenario Management Tools*

- TP+

- TRIPS

- TRANPLAN

**Notes:**
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## CUBE CARGO AND Cube DYNASIM MODEL

## Win-Win = Balance of Mobility for People and Freight

- Thank You!

**Luke Cheng’s E-mail address: LCHENG@CITILABS.COM**