# Presentation: 016825

## Public Consultation Meeting

- The International Consortium
- for Fire Safety, Health & the Environment
- and U.S. EPA
- Bill Latus
- Manager – Applied Research
- Briggs & Stratton Corporation

- October 5, 2005

## Issues for Public Review and Discussion

- EPA (May 2005):  no significant increase in exothermic measurements claimed in EPA testing of catalyzed engines
- Briggs & Stratton cannot replicate the EPA results
- Goal today:  try to resolve the differences

- October 5, 2005

## EPA’s Catalyst Evaluation

-  Class 1 – Walk behind lawnmowers

- October 5, 2005

## HC+NOx and CO Conversion with Increasing Secondary AirUsing Replicated EPA 40cc Catalyst

- October 5, 2005

## Heat from Catalytic Reactions with Increasing CO ConversionUsing Replicated EPA 40cc Catalyst

- October 5, 2005

## Catalysts – Higher Temperatures

- October 5, 2005

## EPA / B&S Thermal Images

-       **EPA Catalyst  (dbl KAT)****	****	****B&S Replicated EPA Catalyst**
**     ****WOT - Secondary Air                  ****	****WOT – Secondary Air**
**     ****~ 100 g/kWh CO reduction****	****- 100 g/kWh CO reduction**

**Ave = 336F  Max = 932F**

**Ave = 340F  Max = 824F**

- October 5, 2005

## B&S Thermal Images 	Emissivity – Instrumentation Calibration

**B&S Replicated EPA Catalyst****	****	****    B&S Replicated EPA Catalyst**
**WOT – Secondary Air****	****	****	****    WOT – Secondary Air**
**- 100 g/kWh CO reduction****	****	****    - 100 g/kWh CO reduction**
**- unpainted w/o emissivity calibration**	    - _**Painted black & calibrated**_

**Ave = ****352F****  Max = 838F**

**Ave = ****716F ****  Max = 853F**

- October 5, 2005

## Increased CO Conversion effects on Temperature  Using Replicated EPA 40cc Catalyst

** **

** **

**30 g/kWh CO Conversion**
**	****@ 1⁄2  Load**

**180 g/kWh CO Conversion**
**	****@ 1⁄2  Load**

**Increased CO Conversion effects on Temperature**** **** ****Using Replicated EPA 40cc Catalyst**

**Ave = 565F   Max = 718F**

**Ave = 698F   Max = 846F**

- October 5, 2005

## Catalysts – Refueling Temperatures

- October 5, 2005

## Heat Soak after Coast Down from 75% Load Using B&S Low Cost Muffler and Replicated EPA 40cc Catalyst

**B&S Muffler- Engine Off 20 sec**

**EPA Catalyst- Engine Off 20 sec**

**Ave = 568F  Max = 743F**

**Ave = 635F  Max = 757F**

- October 5, 2005

## Heat Soak after Coast Down from 75% Load Using B&S Low Cost Muffler and Replicated EPA 40cc Catalyst

**B&S Muffler- Engine Off 2 min **

**EPA Catalyst- Engine Off 2 min **

**Ave = 397F   Max = 484F**

**Ave = 489F   Max = 649F**

- October 5, 2005

## CO Conversion effects on Temperature  Using Replicated EPA 40cc Catalyst

** **

** **

**100 g/kWh CO Conversion**
**	****@ 1⁄2  Load**

**180 g/kWh CO Conversion**
**	****@ 1⁄2  Load**

**CO Conversion effects on Temperature**** **** ****Using Replicated EPA 40cc Catalyst**

**Ave = 644F    Max = 797F**

**Ave = 698F    Max = 846F**

- October 5, 2005

## Conditions of Concern

- One example:  misfire

- October 5, 2005

##  Misfires @ 1⁄2 Load  Using Replicated EPA 40cc Catalyst

**1⁄2  Load -No Misfire**
**~ 50 g/kWh CO Conversion**

**1⁄2  Load with Misfire**

**Ave = 565F   Max = 678F**

**Ave = 664F    Max = 864F**

- October 5, 2005

## Misfires @ 1⁄2 Load  Using Replicated EPA 40cc Catalyst

**   ****1⁄2  Load with  Misfire**
**Replicated EPA 40cc Catalyst**

**1⁄2  Load with  Misfire**
**    ****B&S Muffler**

**Misfires @ 1⁄2 Load**** **** ****Using Replicated EPA 40cc Catalyst**

**Ave = 489F   Max = 626F**

**Ave = 664F   Max = 864F**

- October 5, 2005

##  Class 2 – Riders

- October 5, 2005

## Catalysts – Increased Surface Temperatures

- October 5, 2005

## Catalysts – Misfires @ 1⁄2 Loadwith 7.0 in3 Catalyst

** **

**1⁄2 Load without Misfire**

** **

** **

**1⁄2 Load with  Misfire**

** **

**Ave = 675F   Max = 717F**

**Ave = 894F   Max = 984F**

- October 5, 2005

## Catalyst Failure 

**V-Twin catalyst break-in test**
**Full meltdown due to sparkplug failure**
**Temperatures exceeded 1300C (2370F)**
**Normal catalyst operating temperature 730C (1350F)**
**Maximum catalyst operating temperature 1150C (1920)**
**Temperature Increase 570C (1020F)**

- October 5, 2005

## Interim Conclusion

- Significant increases in exothermic reactions will result from the use of catalysts
- Longer “cool down” periods on after shutdown increase concerns during refueling conditions on Class 1’s
- Higher temperatures, even without secondary air, increase concerns with ground cover accumulation on Class 2’s

- October 5, 2005