# Presentation: 359826

## Slide 1

## Volvo CE Sound and Vibration

**Demands**
**Test methods**
**Sound and Vibration Reduction Strategy**
**Working Methods**
**Actions**

_**Presentation content**_

## Sound and Vibration

**Exterior sound**
- Directive 2000/14/EC
- Blue Angel =>
- Sound Kit

**Interior sound**
- Directive 2003/10/EC <80 dBA
- Customer demands: <70 dBA and
- Sound Quality - Experience

**Cooling system**
- Efficient Coolers
**Low Noise** **Fan**

**Transmission / Axles**
**Gear Tooth Quality** and
- Housing Design

**Engine**
**Low **Sound  and
- Vibration Levels

**Hydraulic system**
- Pumps with  **low**
- Ripple and
-  Sound Levels

**Vibration**
- Directive 2002/44/EC
**Whole-body and Hand-arm**
- Operator Comfort

**Sound and Vibration**

**Minimise**** ****sound and **
**vibration transmission**

**Tyres**
**Low **Vibration Levels

## EXTERIOR SOUNDSources and propagation 

***EXTERIOR SOUND******Sources and propagation****** ***

- Pressure

- Vibration

- Force

- Exhaust Silencer

- Engine Compartment
- Acoustics and isolation

- Cooling Fan

- Frames

- Vibration Isolators

- Engine

- Transmission

- Hydr. Pumps

- Wheel Axles

- Hydraulic Lines

- Air borne

- Structure borne

- Hoods and sheet metals

## Legislation
Directive 2000/14/EU:  		Stage I from 3 January 2002
							Lw = 85 + 11 x logP*)  (WLO,ART,GRD,COE)
							Lw = 84 + 11 x logP*)  (EXC)					    	     	       Stage II from 3 January 2006
							Lw = 82 + 11 x logP*)  (WLO,ART,GRD,COE)
				    			Lw = 81 + 11 x logP*)  (EXC)				
Vamil (Netherlands):    		1 dBA lower than Directive 2000/14/EU 						stage II
Bauer Engel (Germany): 	3 dBA lower than Directive 2000/14/EU 							stage II, max Lw = 101 dBA
    *)P = Net engine power in kW

- Directive 2000/14/EU:  		**Stage I from 3 January 2002**
- 							Lw = 85 + 11 x logP*)  (WLO,ART,GRD,COE)
- 							Lw = 84 + 11 x logP*)  (EXC)					    	     	       **Stage II from 3 January 2006**
- 							Lw = 82 + 11 x logP*)  (WLO,ART,GRD,COE)
- 				    			Lw = 81 + 11 x logP*)  (EXC)
- Vamil (Netherlands):    		1 dBA lower than Directive 2000/14/EU 						stage II
- Bauer Engel (Germany): 	3 dBA lower than Directive 2000/14/EU 							stage II, max Lw = 101 dBA
**    *****)**P = Net engine power in kW

**Exterior Sound Volvo CE**

## Exterior Sound Volvo CE

## MICROPHONE ARRAY  EXTERIOR SOUND, ISO 6395

## Travel mode		
Forward travel	operation		  	Travel cycle	 
Rearward travel						operation							
									    	Total dynamic cycle
Hydraulic mode	     			(Stationary machine)	
					      	 Hydraulic cycle  		
Raising and			 	 lowering the bucket) 

- Forward travel	operation		  	Travel cycle	 
- Rearward travel						operation		
- 									    	Total dynamic cycle
- Hydraulic mode	     			(Stationary machine)
- 					      	 Hydraulic cycle 
- Raising and			 	 lowering the bucket) 

**OPERATING CONDITIONS ****Exterior Sound, ISO 6395**** Interior  Sound, ISO 6396**

## MICROPHONE ARRAY INTERIOR SOUND, ISO 6396

**CLOSED CAB**
**VENTILATOR FAN INTERMEDIATE SPEED**
**MAX ENGINE SPEED = HIGH IDLE**
**GEAR 1F & 1R**
**HYDRAULIC CYCLE**

## INTERIOR SOUNDSources and propagation 

- Pressure

- Vibration

- Force

- Cab
- Acoustics and isolation

- Cab
- Sound Sensibility

- Exhaust Silencer

- Engine Compartment
- Acoustics and isolation

- Cooling Fan

- Frames

- Vibration Isolators

- Engine

- Transmission

- Hydr. Pumps

- Wheel Axles

- Hydraulic Lines

- Vibration Isolators

- Air borne

- Structure borne

## Slide 11

## Directive 2002/44/EU, Vibration

- Directive 2002/44/EG will entry into force in  Sweden on the 1st of July 2005.
- Whole-body vibration
***Daily exposure ***_***action ***_***value: ******	******0,5 m/s2***
***Daily exposure ***_***limit***_*** value: ******	******	******1,1 m/s******2***
- Test method
**ISO 2631**

- Accelerometers (X,Y,Z)
- Mounted on seat cushion under the operator

## Volvo CE Sound and Vibration Reduction Strategy

- Demand good sound and vibration characteristics from components
- Design engine / transmission and cab mount arrangement for good sound, vibration and comfort characteristics
- Design frames with low mobility at mounting positions
- Design cab for low sensitivity to structure and air borne sound
- Reserve space for larger mufflers and cooling air paths
- Design engine compartment with improved sound reduction in doors and panels and use sound traps in openings

## Volvo CE  Working Methods

- Source identification measurements
- Theoretical calculations
- Verification measurements
- Feed back by regular production audits
- Advanced Engineering activities for sub systems
- Cross functional teams
- Establishing engineering guide lines for low noise design
- Sound and vibration network within VOLVO
-  Participating in external research projects

## Volvo CE Sound and Vibration

- Sound
- Low noise components
- Hydrostatic fan controlled by cooling demands
- Cooling system separated from engine compartment
- Efficient muffler
- Engine compartment ventilation
- Exhaust ejector
- Rubber mounted cab and steering valve
- Sound absorbents in ceiling and walls
- Whole Body Vibration
- Boom Suspension

## Sound Legislation in Europe

**Directive 86/662/ EEC **(Excavators, Dozers, Loader, Backhoes)
**Stationary test methods (ISO 6393 / ISO 6394) in force from 1st of January 1989**
**Exterior Sound Power Levels limited at four levels depending on engine power   **
**Interior Sound Pressure Level to be labelled **
**Dynamic test methods (ISO 6395 / ISO 6396) in force from 1st of January 1997**
**Exterior Sound Power Levels limited as a function of engine power **
**Interior Sound Pressure Level to be labelled **
**Directive 2000/14/ EC **(Almost all equipment for use outdoors)
**Dynamic test method (ISO 6395) in force from 3rd of January 2002**
**For fans with variable speed, 70% of maximum fan speed allowed at test**
**Exterior Sound Power Levels limited as a function of engine power**
**Stage I: Same limit values as per January 1997. Guaranteed values. **
**Stage II: 3 dBA lower limit values from 3rd of January 2006**