# Presentation: 143320

## A View from DC

***Jeannette M. Wing***
- Assistant DirectorComputer and Information Science and Engineering

- CRA SnowbirdJuly 15, 2008

## Outline

- CISE and NSF
- Initiatives
- Management
- Budget
- Federal Picture: NITRD
- International
- Final Remarks

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## CISE

## CISE FY09 Research Initiatives

- New Initiatives
- Data-Intensive Computing
- Cyber-Physical Systems (joint with ENG)
- Enhanced Initiatives
- Network Science and Engineering
- Trustworthy Computing
- Continued from FY08
- Cyber-enabled Discovery and Innovation
- Expeditions

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Drivers of Computing

*Science*

*Society*

*Technology*

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Data Intensive Computing

## How Much Data?

- NOAA has ~1 PB climate data (2007)
- Wayback machine has ~2 PB (2006)
- CERN’s LHC will generate 15 PB a year (2008)
- HP is building WalMart a 4PB data warehouse (2007)
- Google processes 20 PB a day (2008)
- “All words ever spoken by human beings” ~ 5 EB
- Int’l Data Corp predicts 1.8 ZB of digital data by 2011

**640K**** ought to be enough for anybody.**

- Slide source: Jimmy Lin, UMD

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Convergence in Trends

- Drowning in data
- Data-driven approach in computer science research
- graphics, animation, language translation, search, ..., computational biology
- Cheap storage
- Seagate Barracuda 1TB hard drive for $195
- Growth in huge data centers
- Data is in the “cloud” not on your machine
- Easier access and programmability by anyone
- e.g., Amazon EC2, Google+IBM cluster, Yahoo! Hadoop

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Data-Intensive ComputingSample Research Questions

- Science
- What new abstractions (including models, languages, algorithms) are needed for data-intensive, rather than process-intensive computing?
- What new metrics are needed to evaluate performance of data-intensive computations?
- Technology
- How can we automatically manage the hardware and software of these data-intensive computing systems at scale?
- How can we provide security and privacy for simultaneous mutually untrusted users, for both processing and data?
- How can we reduce these systems’ power consumption?
- Society
- What (new) uses and users might arise from our ability to process large scale datasets?

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Cyber-Physical Systems

## Smart Cars

- Lampson’s Grand Challenge:
- Reduce highway traffic deaths to zero.
- [Butler Lampson, Getting Computers to Understand,** **Microsoft, *J. ACM* 50, 1 (Jan. 2003), pp 70-72.]

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Embedded Medical Devices

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Sensors Everywhere

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Robots Everywhere

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## U.S Broader Research Agenda and Priorities

- Dan Reed and George Scalise, editorsAugust 2007

- Credit: http://www.ostp.gov/pdf/nitrd_review.pdf

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Cyber-Physical SystemsSample Research Challenges

- Science
- Co-existence of Booleans and Reals
- Discrete systems in a continuous world
- Reasoning about uncertainty
- Human, Mother Nature, the Adversary
- Technology
- Intelligent and safe digital systems that interact with the physical world
- Self-monitoring, real-time learning and adapting
- Society
- Systems need to be unintrusive, friendly, dependable, predictable, ...

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Enhanced Initiatives

## Our Evolving Networks are Complex

- Our Evolving Networks are Complex

- 1980

- 1970

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

**Notes:**
The networks that we have created and that have evolved over the decades are complex.

For example, the Internet is complex. Here is a picture of the ARPANET in 1970.   Here it is in 1980.  Twenty years later, it is too complex to draw, let alone understand, model, or predict its behavior.  The Internet is computer science’s gift to society, but ironically we cannot even describe it.

We interpret networks at multiple layers of abstraction.  Below, we are concerned with new technologies: in the beginning we communicated via phone lines, modems, and cables underground and now we have a proliferation of communication media and a proliferation of devices, sensors, and actuators.

Above, we are concerned with new kinds of social uses of our computers and networks: from the days when people shared a terminal, to today where we have a multitude of applications, from the good to the bad. Examples of the good are on-line banking, social networks, and open courseware that already enables tens of millions of people, including tens of thousands of high school students, to learn from famous professors.  Examples of the bad are spam, worms and viruses, and distributed denial of service.

I’ve shown pictures of the past and the present.  What about the future?   I believe that if we understand the complexity of our networks better then we can evolve them in ways that can unleash unimaginable creativity and innovation—from new technologies, to new applications, to new users—and hopefully at the same time improve the overall security of our networked systems.

## Network Science and Engineering

- _Fundamental Question:_ Is there a science for understanding the complexity of our networks such that we can engineer them to have predictable behavior?
- Deepen and broaden research agenda of original GENI concept
- Includes CISE’s current networking programs: SING, FIND, NGNI

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Network Science and EngineeringSample Research Challenges 

- Distributed systems and substrate researchers

- Develop new architectures and abstractions,exploiting new substrates

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Trustworthy Computing

- Trustworthy = reliability, security, privacy, usability
- Deepen and broaden Cyber Trust
- Three emphases for FY09
- Foundations of trustworthy
- Models, logics, algorithms, metrics
- Privacy
- Usability

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Continued from FY08

## CDI: Cyber-Enabled Discovery and Innovation

- Computational Thinking for Science and Engineering
- Paradigm shift
- Not just our metal tools (transistors and wires) but also our mental tools (abstractions and methods)
- It’s about partnerships and transformative research.
- To innovate in/innovatively use computational thinking; and
- To advance more than one science/engineering discipline.
- Three dimensions
- From Data to Knowledge
- Understanding Complexity in Natural, Built, and Social Systems
- Virtual Organizations
- FY08: $47.9M for ~30 awards
- 1900 LOIs, 1300 preliminary proposals, 200 final proposals

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

**Notes:**
Approximately 1900 Letters of intent, 1300 preliminary proposals, 200 final proposals, for ~30 awards

~650 Data to Knowledge, 500 Understanding Complexity, < 200 Virtual Organizations

90 PDs (~35 from CISE) and 6 (4 from CISE) admin staff across the agency helped

## Expeditions

- Bold, creative, visionary, high-risk ideas
- Whole >>  part ***i***
- Solicitation is deliberately underconstrained
- Tell us what YOU want to do!
- Response to community
- Loss of ITR Large, DARPA changes, support for high-risk research, large experimental systems research, etc.
- FY08: ~3 awards, each at $10M for 5 years
- 122 LOI, 75 prelim, 20 final, 7 reverse site visits

*i*

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

**Notes:**
$10M for five year ($2M/year)

## Others

- Please see website www.cise.nsf.gov for full list.
- Creative IT, CRCNS, DataNet, HECURA, ...
- Research infrastructure: CRI, MRI
- Education: CPATH, BPC
- Science and Technology Centers
- ...

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Research Ideas in the Works

## Clickworkers
Collaborative Filtering
Collaborative Intelligence
Collective Intelligence
Crowdsourcing
eSociety
Human-Based Computation
Recommender Systems
Reputation Systems
Social Commerce
Socially Intelligent Computing
Swarm Intelligence
Wikinomics
Wisdom of the Crowds

- Collaborative Filtering
- Collaborative Intelligence
- Collective Intelligence
- Crowdsourcing
- eSociety
- Human-Based Computation
- Recommender Systems
- Reputation Systems
- Social Commerce
- Socially Intelligent Computing
- Swarm Intelligence
- Wikinomics
- Wisdom of the Crowds

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## eSociety: Computing BY and FOR Society

- Examples
- Individual Memexes, personalized robots, social networks, Second Life++, human computation (e.g., ESP Game)
- Multiple dimensions
- Numbers and types of people
- Numbers and types of devices and services
- Numbers and types of communications and interactions
- _Question:_ Can we harness these capabilities to make humans and computers work effectively in harmony, solving problems neither can solve alone?

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Green IT

- IT as part of the problem and IT as part of the solution
- IT as a consumer of energy
- 2% (and growing) of world-wide energy use due to IT
- IT as a helper to solve problems
- Direct: reduce energy use, recycle, repurpose, ...
- Indirect: e-commerce, e-collaboration, telework -> reduction travel, ...
- Systemic: computational models of climate, species, ... -> inform science and inform policy
- Broader context: Sustainability, Energy, Climate Change, Economy, Human Behavior

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

**Notes:**
Organization of Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD)

## Education

## Education

- _Challenge to Community_: What is an effective way of teaching (learning) computational thinking to (by) K-12?
- Computational Thinking for Children
- National Academies Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB)
- Workshops on CT for All
- Collaborating with Board on Science Education
- Internal working group at NSF
- CISE, EHR, SBE, OCI, MPS

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Education

- CS AP (AB) Exam
- It’s an opportunity for us!
- Goal: Let’s try to speak loudly and with one voice.

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Important Issues

- Broadening Participation in Computing
- How do we effect institutional change?
- Does your university/lab/department have a strategic plan for diversity?
- How can we improve the image of computing?
- CISE Highlights
- Your research highlights matter!
- To Dept Heads and Deans: Recognize the prestige by having Highlights included in faculty C.V.s.

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Management

## Back to Basics

- NSF is about basic science and engineering.
- Preserve CISE core.
- It’s all about good ideas and good people.
- It’s about long term impact.
- Impact may be far in the future.
- Impact is long-lasting (that is real science).
- Impact can create new economies and change societal behavior.
- Promote new, emerging areas of computing.
- Support interdisciplinary and collaborative research.

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Staffing News

- Sampath Kannan joined us July 1 as Division Director of Computer and Communications Foundations (CCF)
- Haym Hirsh is staying for a third year as Division Director of Information and Intelligent Systems (IIS)
- Ty Znati joined last September as Division Director of Computer and Network Systems (CNS)

- I feel lucky—I have a great team!

- ...and the hardest working and most dedicated program directors and administrative staff at NSF.

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Coordinated and  Cross-Directorate Solicitations

- Rationale: To inform you of the breadth of interests across CISE, to de-confuse you, to help you plan your proposal writing, to be timely and nimble to new ideas, and to improve the review process.

- CNS

- IIS

- CCF

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

**Notes:**
Small December up to $500,000
Medium October FY09 August FY10 $500,001 up to $1,200,000
Large December $1,200,000 up to $300,000,000

##  Budget

## Civics 101

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## FY08 and FY09 CISE Funding

- FY08 (FY began 10/1/07)
- CISE Request was $574 million, a **9%** increase over FY07
- CISE Appropriate is $535 million, only a 1.5% increase
- Missed opportunities of $39 million
- E.g, ~325 awards or 400 grad students
- FY09 (FY begins 10/1/08)
- CISE Request totals $639 million
- Reflects a **$104** million increase, or **19.5%** over FY08 level.

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## CISE FY07 to FY09

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Reality

- FY09 (starts 10/1/08)
- Lots of uncertainty now:
-      What will Congress do for FY09’s budget?Who will be our next President?
- New Administration January 2009
- FY10 (starts 10/1/09)
- Planning now

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

**Notes:**
Quote: ``It’s probably unlikely we’ll get an appropriation before the end of this fiscal year.”

## Glimmers of Hope

- America Competes Act, August 2007
- Double NSF’s budget in 7 years
- War Supplement
- $62.5M for NSF, ~$17.5M for Research

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

##  Federal Picture:NITRD

## What is NITRD?

- Networking and Information Technology Research and Development
- Established by High-Performance Computing Act 1991
- Co-chairs: Chris Greer (NC0) and Jeannette Wing (NSF)
- Agencies (in order of investment): NSF, DARPA, OSD and DoD, NIH, DOE/SC/NE/FE, NSA, NASA, NIST, AHRQ, DOE/NNSA, NOAA, EPA, NARA
- 8 Program Component Areas

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

- Science and Technology Policy Institute, Briefing to PCAST, January 2007

**FY08 Budget Estimate: $3.341B**
**FY09 Budget Request:  $3.548B**

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## FY08 Estimates and FY09 Requests by Agency

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## NITRD as Percent of Total R&D FY09 Request

- NSF 21%

- DARPA 17.4%

- NIH 1.8%

- DOE 4.7%

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

**Notes:**
NSF 21%
DARPA 17.3%
NIH 1.78%
DOE  4.7%

## Strategic Plan Process Underway

- Why?
- Last Strategic Plan was 2002-2006
- PCAST/NITRD August 2007 report
- New Administration January 2009
- _Focus:_ Goals and capabilities that can only be achieved through interagency cooperation and coordination
- Vision-driven
- Community input welcome!
- Request for Input (July)
- Workshop (November)
- Feedback on draft (early next year)

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

##  International

- Science and Technology Policy Institute, Briefing to PCAST, January 2007

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

**Notes:**
Plum, maroon, cyan

- Science and Technology Policy Institute, Briefing to PCAST, January 2007

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## What the EU is Spending in ICT

- European Community Framework 7
- Four ICT calls for proposals for 7-year projects

- Future and Emerging Technologies

- European Technology Platform for Nanoelectronics

- Ambient Assisted Living

- Advanced Research and Technology for Embedded Intelligent Systems (ARTEMIS)* [“Cyber-Physical Systems”]

-  Total EC+Nat’l€ M

- Equivalent toUS$M***

- 243**

- 65

- 142.1

- 90.0

- 57

- 90

- 102.6

- 379.9

- Total

**455**

**718.4**

- ** Includes €144M in private funds

- *10-yr budget €1.1B public funds, €1.6B private funds

- ***€1 = 1.5788 US$

- Source: Wayne Patterson, NSF OISE

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## China: Annual Budget of NSFC

- Unit: 100 million Yuan** **

***80 ************  5300 (million Yuan)***

**NSFC budget has increased at an annual rate of over 20%. The budget for 2006-2010 will be doubled compared with that from 2001-2005, reaching **_**20-30B Yuan**_** (3- 4.5B US$).**

***12 ************  795 (M US$******)***

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Penultimate Word

## CISE Needs Good People

- Quality of program directors
-  Affects quality of reviewers chosen for panels and ad hoc reviews
-   Affects quality of reviews PIs receive
-  Affects funding decisions
-  Affects the nature and content of our research
-  Affects the frontiers of our discipline!

-  Quote from Dr. Arden Bement, Director of NSF:“Send us talent.”

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## It’s a Collective Effort

- We are in this together!
- ACM, CCC, CRA, CSTB, IEEE Computer, NSF/CISE, ...
- Government—Academia—Industry ecosystem

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Last Word:The Future of Computing is Bright!

## Drivers of Computing

*Science*

*Society*

*Technology*

-   What is computable?
-   P = NP?
-   (How) can we build complex        systems simply?
-   What is intelligence?
-   What is information?

- J. Wing, “Five Deep Questions in Computing,” CACM January 2008

- 6A’s
- Anytime Anywhere Access to Anything by Anyone Authorized.

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008

## Thank You!

## Credits

- Copyrighted material used under Fair Use.  If you are the copyright holder and believe your material has been used unfairly, or if you have any suggestions, feedback, or support, please contact: jsoleil@nsf.gov
- Except where otherwise indicated, permission is granted to copy, distribute, and/or modify all images in this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation license, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation license” (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:GNU_Free_Documentation_License)

- Jeannette M. Wing

- Snowbird 2008