# Presentation: 010649

## Pipeline MarkersHow Are They Used?

- Gas Transmission and Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Marker Workshop
- Terry Boss

## Present Gas Pipeline Regulations

**§ 192.707   Line markers for mains and transmission lines.**
- (a) *Buried pipelines. *Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, a line marker must be placed and maintained as close as practical over each buried main and transmission line:
- (1) At each crossing of a public road and railroad; and
- (2) Wherever necessary to identify the location of the transmission line or main to reduce the possibility of damage or interference.
- (b) *Exceptions for buried pipelines. *Line markers are not required for the following pipelines:
- (1) Mains and transmission lines located offshore, or at crossings of or under waterways and other bodies of water.
- (2) Mains in Class 3 or Class 4 locations where a damage prevention program is in effect under §192.614.
- (3) Transmission lines in Class 3 or 4 locations until March 20, 1996.
- (4) Transmission lines in Class 3 or 4 locations where placement of a line marker is impractical.
- (c) *Pipelines aboveground. *Line markers must be placed and maintained along each section of a main and transmission line that is located aboveground in an area accessible to the public.
- (d) *Marker warning. *The following must be written legibly on a background of sharply contrasting color on each line marker:
- (1) The word “Warning,” “Caution,” or “Danger” followed by the words “Gas (or name of gas transported) Pipeline” all of which, except for markers in heavily developed urban areas, must be in letters at least 1 inch (25 millimeters) high with1/4inch (6.4 millimeters) stroke.
- (2) The name of the operator and the telephone number (including area code) where the operator can be reached at all times.
- [Amdt. 192–20, 40 FR 13505, Mar. 27, 1975; Amdt. 192–27, 41 FR 39752, Sept. 16, 1976, as amended by Amdt. 192–20A, 41 FR 56808, Dec. 30, 1976; Amdt. 192–44, 48 FR 25208, June 6, 1983; Amdt. 192–73, 60 FR 14650, Mar. 20, 1995; Amdt. 192–85, 63 FR 37504, July 13, 1998]

## Purpose of a Sign

## Purpose of a Pipeline Marker

- Communicate Information
- Warning or Caution
- Type of Facility
- Owner
- Ability to Obtain Additional Information
- Operator Phone Number
- One Call Number?
- Location

## Pipeline Company Operations

## What does Pipeline Operations Person want to know

- Operator of Pipeline (It’s our pipeline)
- Danger (safety moment)
- Which Pipeline Is It? (multiple pipeline corridor)
- Approximate Location of the Pipeline (starting point for more accurate location)

## Landowner and Tenant

## Landowner and Tenant

- Type of Under Ground Facility (There is a gas pipeline)
- Danger (Safety Moment)
- Operator of Pipeline (website connection?)
- Approximate Location of the Pipeline (below grade)
- Ability to Obtain Additional Information
- Operator Phone Number
- One Call Phone Number?

## Emergency Responders, and Public

## Emergency Responders and Public

- Type of Underground Facility (it is a gas pipeline)
- Danger (Safety Moment)
- Operator of Pipeline (name recognition)
- Approximate Location of the Pipeline (below grade)
- Ability to Obtain Additional Information
- Operator Phone Number
- One Call Number?

## Excavators

## Excavators

- Type of Underground Facility (gas pipeline)
- Danger (Safety Moment)
- Operator of Pipeline (name recognition)
- Approximate Location of the Pipeline (need more information)
- Ability to Obtain Additional Information
- Operator Phone Number (???)
- One Call Number? (Implicit Knowledge)

## Locators

## Locator

- Type of Underground Facility (Gas Pipeline)
- Danger (Safety Moment)
- Operator of Pipeline (Contact Reminder)
- Approximate Location of the Pipeline
- Ability to Obtain Additional Information
- Operator Phone Number
- One Call Number? (Implicit Knowledge)

## Conclusions

- Different Groups need Different Information
- Pipeline Marker is a Path to Additional Information
- Pipeline Marker is a Reminder of Previous Communication
- Risk Perception (Danger, Pipeline Name)??
- One Call Reminder???
- Importance of Emergency Response Number Response
- Website=> What does a pipeline marker mean?