# Presentation: 756268

## Portable Broadband Seismology

- Jakarta, Indonesia
- May 11-13, 2006
- Bruce Beaudoin
- Marcos Alvarez

- Part 2: Functions of an Instrument Center

## PASSCAL

- Program for Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere

## Outline

- Facility overview
- Equipment Supported
- Experiments Supported
- Inventory
- Equipment Maintenance and QC
- User Services
- Polar Support

## 	A facility for academic research in seismology.  Funded by the National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy.

- PASSCAL

## Instrument Use

- Available to researchers for non-commercial use
- PI must agree to the following conditions
- All data must be released to the IRIS Data Management center within 2 years of completion of field work
- PI must receive proper training at the Instrument Center
- PI responsible for all shipping and customs cost

**Notes:**
PI = principal Investigator – i.e. the leading scientist

## PASSCAL Facilities: Core

- PASSCAL Instrument Center, Socorro
- Main support and development
- 13.5 FTEs
- Active Source Support Center, UTEP
- Use of 400 instruments and field support
- 1.5 FTEs
- Telemetered Array Support Center, UCSD
- Telemetry support for field experiments
- 1.5 FTEs

**Notes:**
FTE = full time employees 

## PASSCAL Facilities: AOF

- Array Operations Facility at PASSCAL Instrument Center, Socorro
- Main support and development for USArray Transportable and Flexible Arrays
- 9.5 FTEs
- Transportable Array Coordinating Office
- Field logistics support for TA
- 4 FTEs

## EquipmentInventory

| Item | Current | 06 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Reftek R130 | 460 |  |
| Quanterra Q330 | 370 |  |
| Multi-channel | 4 | 4 |
| Texans (125) | 828* |  |
| Texans (125A) | 150 |  |
| Broadband Sensor | 439 | 22 |
| Short Period Sensor | 264 |  |
| High Frequency Sensor | 419 |  |

## Equipment Inventory:3-channel dataloggers

- Quanterra Q330

- RefTek RT130

**Notes:**
Datalogger = digitizer 

These are used at broadband sites

## Equipment Inventory:1-channel datalogger

- RefTek RT125

**Notes:**
The Texan, high frequency one channel instrument, deployed with a geophone

## Equipment Inventory:Seismometers

## Equipment Inventory:Broadband Seismometers

- Guralp CMG-3T

- Streckeisen STS-2

## Equipment Inventory:Intermediate Period Seismometers

- CMG-40T
- 30s active feedback

- CMG-ESP
- 30s active feedback

## Equipment Inventory:Short Period Seismometers

- L4C
- 1Hz

- Teledyne GS-13
- 1Hz
- 1 Element/Housing

- L22
- 2Hz

- Passive Sensors

## Equipment Inventory:High Frequency Seismometers

- 4.5 to 40Hz
- Single component
- Strings of single component
- 3-Component

- L28

- L40 Strings

## Seismic Experiments

- Utilize sound waves propagating through the earth to create images of the earth’s bulk properties (e.g. velocity, attenuation, travel-time anomalies).
- Two basic sources for sound waves:
- Passive (natural sources).
- Active Source (man made).

| Experiment Type | Number for 2006 |
| --- | --- |
| Broadband | 25 |
| Short Period | 15 |
| RT125 (Active Source) | 6 |
| Multi-channel | 6 |
| Total | 52 |

## Characteristics of a Passive Experiment

- Sources include: earthquakes, ambient noise, tides, magma.
- Long term (months to years)
- Broad spacing (regional to global)
- Low frequency (.001-1Hz)
- Typically a few to tens of instruments.

**Notes:**
Need long term deployments as you need to wait for the earthquakes or other natural sources to occur.

## Sources for Passive Experiments

## Broadband StationsSince 2000

**Notes:**
Stations tend to be near earthquake sources – tend to study active tectonics

## Slide 21

## Slide 22

**Notes:**
Field test of the equipment – after sending to the field, but before deployment

## Namche Barwa, TibetMeltzer, Sol, Zurek, Zeitler

- Receiver functions indicate the thinnest crust is associated with the region of highest exhumation.
- Shear wave splitting indicates a fast direction consistent with surface tectonic features. Authors argue for a strong lower crust.

**Notes:**
50BB, 20SP, thinnest crust assocaited with highest exhumation, shear wave splitting consistent with 

## May 10, 2003 Eruption of Anatahan Volcano, Mariana Islands

- PASSCAL station installed 4 days prior to eruption
- Volcano-tectonic events start to occur 5 hrs before eruption and significantly increase 1 hrs prior.
- Tilt is reconstructed from STS-2 horizontal signal
*Pozgay & Wiens*

**Notes:**
Sara H. Pozgay, Douglas A. Wiens • Washington University in St. Louis

## Active Source Experiments

- Sources include: explosions, airguns, sledge hammers, vibrators
- Short term (days to weeks)
- High frequency (2-80+Hz)
- Hundreds of instruments
- Closely spaced

## Some Sources

## Slide 27

**Notes:**
Texan and geophone

## Slide 28

##  Celebration 2000Keller et al.

- 147 Shots
- 1230 Stations
- 5400 km

**Notes:**
Central Europe, 147 shots, 1230 stations, 5400km 

## Hill Air Force Base, Utah Gao et al.

**Notes:**
Ground water contamination, black lines texans, red dots shots. Used image to determine likely locations of pollutant pooling.

## RAMPRapid Array Mobilization Policy

- 2002 Denali 7.9M, over 30,000 aftershocks recorded *Ruppert et al.*

**Notes:**
Natalia A. Ruppert, Roger A. Hansen, J.C. Stachnik, Steve Estes • University of Alaska, Fairbanks

Equipment is put aside to deploy very quickly after a big earthquake

## Inventory Database

- PASSCAL maintains an extensive inventory of all equipment
- The inventory provides two main purposes
- Instrument tracking
- Maintenance history
- All equipment is barcoded and entered into an in-house developed database driven by mysql

## PASSCAL Inventory & Maintenance database

- Interface for searching inventory

## PASSCAL Inventory & Maintenance database

- Tracks shipments by experiment code

**Notes:**
Can track instruments by experiment

## PASSCAL Inventory & Maintenance database

- Tracks inventory items assigned to experiments

**Notes:**
Information on what instruments are where

## PASSCAL Inventory & Maintenance database

- Maintenance records

**Notes:**
The software on the instruments (called firmware) needs up dating quiet regularly, so this is documented regularly.

## Hardware Maintenance and QC: Dataloggers

- Function test all DAS prior to shipment
- Maintain maintenance records in an electronic database
- Test and upgrade firmware when necessary
- Monitor DAS running in house for unusual behavior

**Notes:**
Before any deployment the following tests are done

## Hardware Maintenance and QC: Seismometers

- All broadband seismometers are function tested when they arrive from an experiment.
- All broadband seismometer are pier tested for 4-7 days and the data are compared to a reference seismometer prior to deployment.
- Comparisons are made of:
- Polarity
- Amplitude
- Power Spectral Density
-  Typical problems include:
- pivot pings
- Sensitivity
- imbalanced masses

## User Services

## PASSCAL develops and maintains software to extract data from the dataloggers, perform in-field quality control, and manipulate the waveforms into archive formats (SEGY, SEED). 

http://www.passcal.nmt.edu
ftp.passcal.nmt.edu

- _[http://www.passcal.nmt.edu](http://www.passcal.nmt.edu/)_
- ftp.passcal.nmt.edu

- Data QC & Software

## PASSCAL provides email and phone support for our users both during and after their field deployment. Staff are available to analyze specific problems and frequently recognize potential problems in our lab before they manifest in-situ. 

Typically there are over 400 broadband and short-period PASSCAL stations deployed at any given time.

*Typically there are over 400 broadband and short-period PASSCAL stations deployed at any given time.*

- Troubleshooting

## Data Archiving Support

- PASSCAL acts as an intermediary between the PI and the DMC
-  Check completeness of data submitted to PASSCAL
-  Flag waveforms w/ questionable timing
-  Fix mseed headers
-  Verify SEED Format
-  Ensure agreement between dataless and waveforms
-  Check completeness of data submitted to DMC

## Data Delivery Services

## PASSCAL’s Support of Polar Research

## Antarctic Experiment Support

- Antarctic Experiment Support

- ~25 Experiments supported since 1990
- Most experiments are multi-year (e.g over-winter)
- 2005-2006 supporting 6 Antarctic experiments (62 stations + snow streamer)
- Broadband, active-source, glaciology

## Q330 - Fully spec’d to -40C
Baler - -40C (not media)
Disk Drive - -20C
Flash Media - -55C
STS-2 0-40C
3T - -10C-65C, 
cabling -20C
power controller -20C

- Q330 - Fully spec’d to -40C
- Baler - -40C (not media)
- Disk Drive - -20C
- Flash Media - -55C
- STS-2 0-40C
- 3T - -10C-65C,
- cabling -20C
- power controller -20C

- Equipment Limitations

**Notes:**
The temperature in Antartica can be -50, this is colder than the equipement can handle.

operation of current equipment below spec
don’t know affect of operation/storage below spec since subscribe fully

## Additional Resources

- Environmental Chamber - 27 cu. ft., -70C to 120C
- 60 - channel snow streamer80’ takeouts, 7 12-takeout cables, Geode adapters.
- Solid state disks - 4 9 GB
- Wind generators - 10