# Presentation: 497480

## MANX Proposal

- Muons, Inc.

## MANX Collaboration     

- Robert Abrams1, Mohammad Alsharo’a1, Charles Ankenbrandt2, Emanuela Barzi2,
- Kevin Beard3, Alex Bogacz3, Daniel Broemmelsiek2, Alan Bross2, Yu-Chiu Chao3,
- Mary Anne Cummings1, Yaroslav Derbenev3, Henry Frisch4, Stephen Geer2,
- Ivan Gonin2, Gail Hanson5, Martin Hu2, Andreas Jansson2, Rolland Johnson1,
- Stephen Kahn1, Daniel Kaplan6, Vladimir Kashikhin2, Sergey Korenev1,
- Moyses Kuchnir1, Mike Lamm2, Valeri Lebedev2, David Neuffer2, David Newsham1, Milorad Popovic2, Robert Rimmer3, Thomas Roberts1, Richard Sah1, Vladimir Shiltsev2, Linda Spentzouris6, Alvin Tollestrup2, Daniele Turrioni2, Victor Yarba2,
- Katsuya Yonehara2, Cary Yoshikawa2, Alexander Zlobin2
- 1*Muons, Inc.*
- 2*Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory*
- 3*Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility*
- 4*University of Chicago*
- 5*University of California at Riverside*
- 6*Illinois Institute of Technology*
**http://www.muonsinc.com/tiki-download_file.php?fileId=230**

## MANX LOI Synopsis

- The **M**uon Collider **a**nd **N**eutrino Factory **Ex**periment (MANX) that we will propose involves the construction of an **innovative superconducting Helical Solenoidal** (HS) magnet that is the major component of a momentum-dependent **Helical Cooling Channel** (HCC). The HCC will be filled with liquid helium ionization energy absorber, instrumented to measure incident and exiting
- momenta and trajectories, and placed in a muon beam where its six-dimensional (6D) beam cooling properties will be measured and compared to detailed Monte Carlo simulations. The **primary goal** of the experiment is to **test** the **physics simulation** programs to allow longer and more complex muon cooling channels to be **designed** and **built** with **confidence**. The experiment will also **verify** important **new** beam cooling and engineering **concepts**

## MANX  Motivations    

**Demonstrate **
- Longitudinal cooling
- 6D cooling in cont. absorber
- Prototype precooler
- Helical Cooling Channel
- Engineering concepts to accommodate RF for later demos or cooling channel prototypes
- New technology

- PROS:
-    Avoids H2 safety problems
-    No RF in the MANX HCC
- CONS:
-    Avoids H2 safety problems
-    No RF in the MANX HCC

## Muons, Inc. Background

- Idea of gaseous energy absorber enables new technology to generate high accelerating gradients for muons by using the high-pressure region of the Paschen curve.
- Measurements by Muons, Inc. and IIT at FNAL have demonstrated that hydrogen gas suppresses RF breakdown
- H2 performs 6 X better than He   - gradients high enough to overcome dE/dx energy loss
- H2 has better heat capacity, viscosity and IC effectiveness
- Concept of a cooling channel filled with a continuous homogeneous absorber to provide longitudinal cooling by exploiting the path length correlation with momentum in a magnetic channel with positive dispersion. (HCC)
- HCC concept can be extended to the case of magnetic fields that change amplitude along the *z*-axis (the beam direction). For MANX, the beam momentum can change and the conditions for 6D cooling can still be met as a beam slows down in a continuous absorber.

- Signature story of Muons, Inc.  - several new ideas combine

## Ionization cooling	issues

- and
- Figure of merit: Fcool=LRdE/ds
- (4D cooling) for different absorbers

- Ionization cooling	issues

- Slope of dE/dx too small for longitudinal cooling  if p>300 **Want ****β****┴****≈p/B as small as possible**
- Reducing p difficult as the slope of dE/dx    implies longitudinal heating for p<300.
- Synchrotron motion then makes cooling channel design more difficult.
- Can compensate with more complex **dispersion function** or absorber shape
- Increasing B means **new technology**

## HCC theory evolution

- Positive dispersion

- Dipole   Dipole + Solenoid  (+Quad for stability)

- }

- Transforming to the frame of the rotating helical dipole leads to a time and z –independent Hamiltonian, can form relation:

**Manipulate values of parameters to**
**change performance:**

- Equal cooling decrement

- Longitudinal only cooling decrement

## HCC Applications

*Solenoid + High Pressurized RF*

- Precooler

- Series of HCCs

- As a cooling channel (abs+RF):

- As precooler:
- absorber, no RF.

- As a decay channel (no absorber):

- Some examples of parameter manipulation from the derbenev-johnson HCC theory to address specific applications:

**Muons, Inc. : ****Nothing designed today will be used exactly as imagined now**** **

- Stopping muons: decreasing absorber density.

## Another HCC: A MANX channel

- Use Liquid He absorber
- No RF cavity
- Length of cooling channel: 3.2 m
- Length of matching section: 2.4 m
- Helical pitch k: 1.0
- Helical orbit radius: 25 cm
- Helical period: 1.6 m
- Transverse cooling: ~1.3
- Longitudinal cooling: ~1.3
**6D cooling: ~2**

- G4BL Simulation

| Initial mean momentum:
Final meam momentum | P | 300 MeV/c
170 MeV/c |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Helical pitch: |  | 1 |
| Helical period: |  | 1.6 m |
| Helical ref. orbit radius: | a | 0.255 m |
| Initial solenoid strength:
Final solenoid strength: | Bz | -3.8 T
-1.7 T |
| Initial helical dipole strength:
Final helical dipole strength:  | b | 1.2 T
0.8 T |
| Initial helical quad. strength:
Final helical quad. Strength:  | b’ | -0.9 T/m
-0.5 T/m |

## MANX HCC Design Evolution

- Combined function magnets:
-     1. Layered conductors for individual     components
-     2. Individual coils, offsets create
-         dipole, quad components

- 1.“Conventional”

- 2.“Kashikhin”

**Can in principle use coil offsets to construct**
**any desired magnetic channel: HCC, matching, etc.**

## Possible MANX configurations

*August 8, 2007*

*AAC'07 K. Yonehara*

-  Helix period = 1.2 m
-  Coil length = 0.05 m
-  Gap between coils = 0.01 m
-  Current = -430.0 A/mm2
- (VK ‘s original value= -330.0 A/mm2)

- Increase gap between coils
- from 20 mm to 100 mm

- HCC

- Matching

- Matching

**Design HCC Magnet**

## Feasibility of RF in MANX

**Starting from the original cooling channel design:**

**Adapting to variations of HCC:**

- Limited longitudinally

- Limited radially

## MANX following MICE 

**Attempt to construct HCC and matching fields directly from individual**
**Coils in “G4MANX”, using the MICE spectrometers.**

## The MANX/FNAL APC Roadmap to 2012

- No

- No

- Yes

- Plan A

- Plan B

- 2008 ~ 2011
- - No RF
-  LHe
- + Cooling

- 2009 ~ 2011
- + RF
- + GH2
- - Cooling

- We will be in competition against
- CLIC at 2012.

## R & D Toward MANX/HCC Cooling..

**Detectors:**
- “0th” order study MANX is with the MICE detectors.
- Studies at FNAL by Martin Hu for cryo operation of scin. fibers
- New detector proposals:
- Multi-Pixel Photon Counters For Particle Detection Systems (new phase I 2008 proposal submitted to DOE SBIR)
- Fast timing detectors ~ few picosecs resolution with U Chicago
**RF**
- MTA beam test is scheduled for HPRF at FNA
**HCC Ring Tests**
- Supported by FNAL and Muons, Inc. PH II
**Simulations**
- Continue studies of HCC optimization
- Extension to G4BL for resolutions, systematics and controls studies
- “MANX” extension to “”G4MICE” for complete reconstruction

## MANX Near Future

- THIS IS HAPPENING...
- FNAL has put muons on the agenda
- Impressive groups of persons involved on projects
- MTA beam test is a priority
- HCC theory is being simulated and refined:
- RF studies informing HCC MANX design
- New insights into isochronicity (gamma-t) are being investigated and exploited
- HCC coil tests planned and implemented
- Serious engineering concerns on Manx HCC being addressed
- Muons, Inc. joining MICE – natural collaborators, many similar problems

## Coil placements

- HCC

- Downstream
- Matching

- Upstream
- Matching

## Feasibility of RF in MANX