# Presentation: 556523

## March 14th PNT Hill Day Report

- David Logsdon
- Co-Chair
- PNT Advisory Board Strategic Engagement Panel

## Observations

- Two panels
- USG
- Private Industry
- Capacity Crowd
- Hill staffers from Committees of Jurisdiction in attendance

## Areas of PNT Applications

- 		CONSTRUCTION

## Trimble Overview

**Engineering **
**& Construction**

-   Survey
-   Machine Control
-   Construction Instruments

**Field Solutions**

-   Agriculture
-   Mapping & GIS

**Mobile Solutions**

-   Fleet Tracking
-   Mobile Worker Productivity

**Advanced Devices**

-   Embedded GPS Products
-   Timing
-   Inertial Systems

## GPS efficiency for Construction: rework

*“**We’re completing projects sooner, and we’ve literally cut our rework by 70% by using the GPS system.”*
- -Joey Keiffer, General superintendent, Malphrus Construction Company

*Bechtel operation at *
*Oak Creek power plant*

## Areas of PNT Applications

- 				AGRICULTURE

- USDA supports GPS Modernization and the implementation of additional civil signals.
- USDA supports the advancement of GPS augmentations, especially protecting and enhancing the Nationwide Differential GPS (NDGPS).

## Department of Agriculture Applications

** **Safety-of-Life operations –Fire, Snow Survey
-  Administration of the Farm Bill
-  Conservation Planning and Application
-  Natural and Cultural Resource Data Collection,
-    Inventorying and Monitoring
-  Landscape Characterization & Engineering Applications
-  Soil Mapping

**10,000+ USDA personnel on the landscape every day, using GPS to provide program assistance, service, and technical support  to USDA customers and partners**

## Deere’s use of GPS

- Deere needed a way to accurately position agricultural equipment on a global basis
- First introduce in mid 1990’s for yield monitoring
- StarFire is an absolute positioning system that does not require base stations
- 50,000 dual frequency receivers shipped

## GPS Guidance benefits

- Allows controlled traffic
- Reduces compaction, boost yields
- Greater machine utilization
- Less experienced operators achieve excellent results
- Significantly less operator stress and fatigue
- Night time operation

**Notes:**
Allows controlled traffic
Reduces compaction, boost yields
Greater machine utilization
Less experienced operators achieve excellent results
Significantly less operator stress and fatigue
Night time operation
Virtually eliminates implement overlap
Significant reduction of input costs – fuel, seed, fertilizer, herbicides
More precise field operations
Faster field speeds, more acres per day

## Applications

- Precision Farming
- Water Management
- Automatic Steering
- Control Traffic

## GreenStarTM AutoTrac hands-free steering

- Parallel tracking
- Straight track – in early days
- Now hands-free guidance on contours, curved tracks
- Available on a wide range of self-propelled equipment

## Areas of PNT Applications

- 			AUTOMOTIVE

## Telematics Availability – 6 Million Vehicles

- _OnStar – 5+ million_
- General Motors
- Standard in 2008
- 	nearly all vehicles
- Lexus
- Lexus Link

- _ATX – nearly 1 million_
- Mercedes - Teleaid
- BMW - Assist

## Making a Distinctive Difference

- Monthly, telematics forward to PSAPs approximately:
- 3,000 automatic airbag/crash notifications; and
- 17,000 emergency and Good Samaritan calls.
- As well as
- 33,000 requests for roadside assistance;
- 66,000 door unlocks;
- 700 stolen vehicle location requests;
- Over 600,000 requests for routing;
- And among non-GPS based services
- 30,000 remote diagnostics.

## 
Interference Detection and Mitigation

- Interference Detection and Mitigation

## Date: 22 January 2007

Location: San Diego harbor south to Mexican border and up to 10 miles inland.

Duration: 1200-1600 PST

Cause: Unintentional Interference

- Location: San Diego harbor south to Mexican border and up to 10 miles inland.
- Duration: 1200-1600 PST
- Cause: Unintentional Interference

- Interference Case Study

## Interference Case Study

**UNCLASSIFIED**

## Interference Case Study

- DGPS Site
- Inoperative
- 2 Hours

- AIS Display Console
- Anomaly

- Cell Provider Network
- 150 sites detected error
- 2 sites inoperative

- Medical Services Paging Provider Network Inoperative
- 1.5 Hours – 20 sites

- General AviationPilot Report GPS Malfunction

- Potential for First Responder Impacts

**Notes:**
Cause: Unintentional Interference
Emission at GPS frequency due to personnel error.  DoD personnel discovered error at 1445PST and secured.  The exact time emission started is not known.  However, data from San Diego DGPS site would indicate a start around 1230PST. This testing was not coordinated as this test was not planned to be conducted at GPS L1 frequency.
Joint military and/or civil (first responders, etc.) tie:  need for availability of PNT information inside buildings, urban canyons, or in the presence of electromagnetic interference.

## IDM Plan Goals

- Coordinate domestic capabilities to identify, analyze, locate, attribute, and mitigate sources of interference to the GPS and its augmentations
- Collect, analyze, store, and disseminate interference reports from all sources to enable appropriate investigation, notification and enforcement action
- Develop and maintain capabilities, procedures and techniques, and routinely exercise civil contingency responses to ensure continuity of operations in the event that access to the GPS is disrupted or denied.

**Notes:**
In December 2004, the President directed the Department of Homeland Security to coordinate the development of an Space-based PNT Interference Detection and Mitigation (IDM) Plan.  The IDM Plan was to build on the existing GPS interference detection and mitigation process and accomplish three elements:
Coordinate U.S. domestic capabilities for GPS interference
Collect, analyze, store and disseminate GPS interference reports
Develop and maintain new capabilities and procedures as required and routinely exercise response resources. 

## IDM Implementation Actions

- August 2007 – The President approved the National PNT IDM Plan
- January 2008 – DHS signed IDM Plan Implementation Strategy into force
- DHS expected to issue publicly releasable fact sheet and summary of IDM Plan

## Implementation Actions

- February 7, 2008 – DHS announced adoption of eLoran as a national backup to the GPS to mitigate any safety, security, or economic effects of a GPS outage or disruption
- President’s Fiscal Year 2009 Budget Request:
- Migrate administration of LORAN-C from USCG to DHS National Protection and Programs Directorate (NPPD), includes transfer of budget authority for funding and personnel
- Prepare for conversion of Loran-C operations to eLoran
- NPPD to oversee development of eLoran to provide national backup capabilities for positioning, navigation, and timing.
- Coast Guard will continue operation of the system in 2009 on a reimbursable basis

**Notes:**
This slide contains key language from the Coast Guard Posture Statement on Loran.  It is drawn from page 501 of the FY09 President’s Budget request which named DHS as “Executive Agent for development of a national backup for critical systems used in position, navigation, and timing.”

As indicated, administration of the Loran program is slated to migrate from the Coast Guard to the National Protection and Programs Directorate to prepare for conversion of Loran-C to Enhanced Loran (eLoran).

Budget authority – at the level of $34.5M – will be transferred to NPPD, and the Coast Guard, as the servicing agency, will continue operation under a reimbursable agreement.

The DHS’ National Communications System (NCS) is tasked to “...oversee Loran-C modernization as a first step toward providing back-up capability for critical infrastructure that depends on GPS for position, navigation, and time.”  The Coast Guard has been working with NCS to carry out the FY09 President’s Budget Request.

## 
Our Aging Constellation

- Our Aging Constellation

## GPS Constellation StatusSatellite Age as of March 2008

**2**

**4**

**6**

**8**

**10**

**Years**

**Satellite**

**39**

**35**

**34**

**36**

**33**

**40**

**30**

**38**

**43**

**46**

**51**

**44**

**12**

**41**

**54**

**56**

**14**

**45**

**16**

**47**

**59**

**60**

**61**

**53**

**25**

**26**

**27**

**32**

**37**

**52**

**58**

- GPS Constellation StatusSatellite Age as of March 2008

**24**

**23**

**55**

**57**

- BLOCK IIA

- BLOCK IIR

- BLOCK IIR-M

## Observations and Recommendations

- For over a decade, both civil and commercial users have benefitted immensely from GPS
- For USG users, much greater efficiency has been one of the outcomes
- For the commercial industry, innovation has driven ROI for several industry sectors

## Observations and Recommendations

- For USG users, modernization is key
- For commercial users, a robust signal provided with no user fees is key
- No user fees= ability to spend money on innovation
- Robust, consistent signal (and ICD)=ability to spend money on innovation

## Observations and Recommendations

- Many champions that will speak out on behalf of GPS
- Recommend having panelists at key industry sector conferences and forums
- Recommend having forum at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce focusing on PNT applications as they pertain to Energy and Climate