# Presentation: 040747

## State DepartmentGPS Activities

**Bill Klepczynski, U.S. State Department**

## Thanks to Chris Hegarty of Mitre for help with some of the slides

## US Policy

**Consistent national policy statements from Executive and Legislative Branches**
**Congressional guidance, 1983**
**Presidential Decision Directive, March 28, 1996**
**U.S. Public Law, December 1998**
**U.S. Space-based Positioning, Navigation and Timing Policy, December 15, 2004**
**Civil GPS signals to be provided free of direct user charges (since 1983)**
**Selective Availability ended on May 2000 with no intent to turn back on**
**Promote common standards for worldwide interoperability**

**Notes:**

GPS is a dual use system, supporting both civil and military user
In 1983 the U.S. made the decision that civil signals will be free of charge and that the specification would be provided on an open basis, with no licensing fees or royalties.
This policy has been consistently supported by every administration and Congress since that time.
In 1996 In 1996, the Presidential Decision Directive established several important policy positions.  First, given the critical nature of GPS for a wide range of users, the system would be managed by an Interagency GPS Executive Board.  They are the decision making body for GPS.
The PDD also said that we would turn off SA by the year 2006.  Instead of being late, we were six years early
Back in those days, the U.S. had only an inkling of the potential for GPS and we wanted to encourage the development of technologies and services to improve safety in navigation and efficiency in our lives.
I think it is safe to say from what we see today that users, researchers, and manufacturers exceeded our expectations.

## US GPS Policy, cont’d.

**Promote acceptance and use of GPS**
**Encourage acceptance of GPS into peaceful civil, commercial and scientific applications**
**Promote international cooperation in using GPS for peaceful purposes  **
**Promote safety and efficiency in transportation**
**Encourage private investment in GPS**
**Strengthen and maintain national security**

## Compatibility and Interoperability

**Compatibility**
**not cause degradation for users, i.e., one system will not cause interference to the other system**
**Interoperability**
**provide improved performance compared to stand alone system, i.e., user gets solutions that are better than can be achieved by either system alone**
_**Goal – Seamless worldwide service for all civil and commercial users **_

**Notes:**
•We are getting a lot closer in resolving our technical issues 
•Because millions of people around the world rely on GPS, we must have compatibility between GPS and Galileo.  We would like to get to interoperability.

•If you have four satellites, you can get a position.  With five, you can tell if one is sending an inaccurate signal.  
•If you can see six satellites, you can get receiver autonomous integrity -- you can tell which satellite is sending an inaccurate signal and eliminate it from the calculation

•Wouldn’t it be great if you could use any combination of GPS and Galileo satellites 
That’s our goal

## GPS signals

## U.S.-European Cooperation

**U.S. and E.C. have been working towards a mutually acceptable framework agreement on cooperation**
**Recognize benefits for civil users if systems are compatible and interoperable**
**Wants cooperation to lead to best GNSS system of systems **
**Europe benefits from cooperation**
**Lessons learned from U.S. experience**
**Could reduce cost and schedule risk**

## June 2004 U.S.-European Community Agreement

**Signed on June 26, 2004 in Dublin**
**Key provisions:**
**Baseline GALILEO L1 signals that both sides agree are interoperable and compatible with GPS**
**“****Compatibility” includes both radio frequency and national security aspects**
**Number of articles to promote open markets and fair trade**
**Agreement to establish four follow-on working groups**
**A: Compatibility/interoperability**
**B: Trade**
**C: Cooperation on next-generation satnav**
**D: National security**

## Working Group Status

**WGA (Compatibility/Interoperability)**
**March 2005 – Brussels**
**Focus on terms of reference and work program**
**L1F/L1C signal optimization**
**GPS-GALILEO time offset (GGTO) and reference frames**
**L5/E5a compatibility**
**June 2005 – Los Angeles**
**Further discussion on same topics as 1****st**** meeting**
**EU L1F optimized signal**
**October 2005 – Fucino**
**Remaining WGs no meeting dates established**
**Working Group B (Trade) U.S. prep meeting recently held**
**Working Group C (Next Generation) U.S. prep meeting recently held**
**Working Group D (National Security) U.S. prep meeting recently held [maybe November 2005]**

## GPS and Galileo Signal Spectra

**C/A**

**OS/GPS III**

**L1**
**(1575.42 MHz)**

**E6**
**(1278.75 MHz)**

**L2**
**(1227.6 MHz)**

**L5**
**(1176.45**
**MHz)**

**M**

**P(Y)**

**PRS**

**PRS**

**CS**

**E5**
**(1207.14**
**MHz)**

**L5**

**E5a***

**E5b***

- *BOC(15,10) modulation option shown for E5a/E5b.

**(OS)**

**(CS, SoL)**

**Prepared by Chris Hegarty, MITRE**

## GPS-GLONASS Activities

**Signed on December 10, 2004 in Washington, DC**
**Key provisions agreed to by both sides:**
**Maintain interoperability and compatibility of GPS and GLONASS**
**Cooperate on matters of mutual interest related to PNT signals and systems, value added services, and global navigation and timing goods in relevant international organizations and fora **
**Will continue to provide GPS and GLONASS civil signals on a continuous, worldwide basis, free of direct user fees**
**Agreement to establish two follow-on working groups**
**1: Compatibility/interoperability**
**2: COSPAS-SARSAT**

## GPS-GLONASS Working Group Status

**WG1 (Compatibility & Interoperability)  [Col. Mark Crews]**
**October  2005 – Moscow**
**WG2 (COSPAS-SARSAT)  [Ajay Mehta]**
**June 2004 – London**
**November 2005 - Montreal**

## GNSS Frequency Bands    

**GNSS Frequency Bands****    **

**(E5a+E5b)**

**E6**

**(E2+L1+E1)**

- G1

- RNSS = Radio Navigation Satellite Service
- ARNS = Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service

## U.S.-Japan Cooperation GPS and QZSS

**Based on 1998 Joint Statement**
**Common standards**
**Systems use GPS L1, L2, and L5**
**QZSS will improve performance in urban canyons and mountains**
**U.S. and Japan have been conducting scheduled technical working groups to ensure interoperability**
**Plenary Meeting held November 2004**

**Notes:**

Using two independent and different systems is less understood and will be more challenging

The ideal goal is for as many users as possible to be able to reap the greatest benefits from the presence of two systems

There can be a wide range of results and different ways of looking at this as I’ll discuss on the next charts

Cooperation will be essential to ensure users can get the most out of both systems.  In October 2000, we provided a draft agreement that could establish a solid foundation for such cooperation.

## Brazil

**U.S. Delegation visited Brazil in October 2003 to discuss use of GPS, further collaboration on application research, and the potential for a cooperation agreement **
**Three days spent in Brasilia meeting with various ministries representatives**
**Two days in Sao Paulo meeting with US Counselor, American Chamber of Commerce,  and industry representatives**
**US-Brazil GPS conference held in September 2004 in Sao Paulo**

## General Summary

**Cooperation agreements address national security, economic, and technical issues**
**Protect compatibility**
**Encourages civil interoperability **
**Provide service to civil users on a continuous, worldwide basis, free of direct user fees**