# Presentation: 134193

## Title

***P******HI******T******S***

***Multi-Purpose ******P******article and ******H******eavy ******I******on ******T******ransport code ******S******ystem***

**Contents **

- (1)   Overview of PHITS
- (2)   New Features of PHITS
- (3)   Heat and DPA in PHITS

-     Koji NIITA,
- Research Organization for Information
-       Science & Technology (RIST)
-            Hiroshi IWASE,
-                 GSI
-    Tatsuhiko SATO, Yukio SAKAMOTO,
-   Norihito MATSUDA, Yousuke IWAMOTO,
-           Hiroshi NAKASHIMA,
-    Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
-     Davide MANCUSI, Lembit SIHVER,
-          Chalmers University

## Overview

***P******HI******T******S ******= MCNP+JAM+JQMD ***

| MCNP | Neutron, Photon, Electron
Transport by Nuclear Data |
| --- | --- |
| JAM | Hadron-Nucleus Collisions
up to 200 GeV |
| JQMD | Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
by Molecular Dynamics |

***Transport Particle and Energy***

| Proton
Neutron
Meson
Barion
Nucleus
Photon
Electron | 0 ~ 200 GeV
10-5 eV ~ 200 GeV
0 ~ 200 GeV
0 ~ 200 GeV
0 ~ 100 GeV/u
1 keV ~ 1 GeV
1 keV ~ 1 GeV |
| --- | --- |

***Language and Parallelism***

- FORTRAN 77
- MPI

***Overview****** ******of****** P******HI******T******S****** ******(******P******article and ******H******eavy ******I******on ******T******ransport code ******S******ystem) ******:***

***Geometry:   ***CG  and  GG

***External Field:  ***Magnetic Field, Gravity
-                             Optical and Mechanical
-                             devices

## New Features

- (1) Duct Source option
-       for Neutron Long Beam Line calculations
- (2) Super Mirror function
-       for Neutron Optics: reflection on the wall
- (3) Time Dependent Materials
-       for moving material, T0 chopper, ...
- (4) Time Dependent Magnetic Fields
-       Pulse Magnet for neutron optics,
-       Wobbler Magnet (AC magnet)
- (5) Dumpall option
**      **for re-calculation of whole process (history tape)
**(6)** **Event Generator Mode**
**      **a full correlated transport for all particles and energies
- (7) LET and LETDOSE tallies
**      **dose and track length as a function of LET (dE/dx)

## Event Generator Mode (1)

***Event Generator Mode ******  ***

- We have developed a model which can describe all ejectiles of collisions
-     with energy and momentum conservation for all energy region and
-     for all particles and nuclei.
-    (for collisions of neutron based on nuclear data)
- What can we do by this mode ?
-   (1) Deposit energy (heat) without local approximation (Kerma factor).
-   (2) Deposit energy distribution.
-   (3) DPA without evaluated Displacement cross section data.
-   (4) Any correlation, coincident experiments.
-   (5) Bridge to micro-dosimetry code.

## Event Generator Mode (2)

- Neutron-induced semiconductor soft error

- Neutron 19 MeV

- Si

- Leakage of
- recoil nucleus
- from Si

- Deposit Energy Distribution by PHITS

*** ******An example of****** Event Generator Mode******    ***

- Kerma

## Map of PHITS

**neutrons**

**protons**

**hadrons**
**others**

**Nucleus**

**photons**
**electrons**

**JAM**

**JQMD**

**JAM**

**JAM**

**In progress**

**transport only**
** ****with dE/dx (****SPAR****)**

**200 GeV**

**200 GeV**

**200 GeV**

**100 GeV/u**

**100 GeV**

**1 GeV**

**1 keV**

**10 MeV/u**

**1 MeV**

**1 MeV**

**20 MeV**

- (JQMD)
- (Bertini)

- (JQMD)
- (Bertini)

- (JQMD)

**thermal**

**0 MeV**

**0 MeV**

**0 MeV/u**

**GEM**

**GEM**

**GEM**

**GEM**

**SPAR**

**SPAR**

**SPAR**

**MCNP**
**with**
**nuclear data**

**MCNP**
**with**
**nuclear data**

## Heat (1)

***Heat estimation in PHITS ***

- PHITS has been extensively used for
- Optimization and Shielding design around Hg target of J-PARC

## Ohnishi (1)

***Benchmark test of ******HEAT****** :  compared with KEK experiment ***

- Exp. and Cal. by H. Ohnishi et.al.
- Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A545 (2005) 88

- 12 GeV

- MCNPX: calculated by N. Matsuda

## Ohnishi (2)

- calculated by H. Ohnishi. in Dr. thesis

***Depth Dose Distribution in Cu ******10cm radius***

## Ohnishi (3)

- calculated by H. Ohnishi. in Dr. thesis

***Depth Dose Distribution in Cu ******10cm radius***

## Bragg Peak

***Depth Dose Distribution in Water Phantom ***

- C 290, 330, 390 MeV/u on water

- Si 490MeV/u on water

- Ne 670MeV/u on water

## Ohnishi (4)

- calculated by H. Ohnishi. in Dr. thesis

- 90 degree

- forward

- backward

***DDX of Secondary Particles ***

- Target

- Proton
- 12 GeV

- flux of secondary particles into Cu absorber

## Matsuda (1)

- calculated by N. Matsuda

***DDX of Secondary Particles ***

- p(12GeV) + Cu -> neutron

- neutron

## JAM (1)

- rapidity distribution

- transverse momentum distribution

- Data : Nucl. Phys. **B69** (1974) 454

- JAM: Y. Nara et.al. Phys. Rev*.* **C61** (2000) 024901

## JAM (2)

- Data : E802, Phys. Rev. **D45** (1992) 3906

- JAM: Y. Nara et.al. Phys. Rev*.* **C61** (2000) 024901

## DPA (1)

- Displacement cross section :

- Number of displacement Atom :

- Damage energy :
- by Lindhard-Robinson model

- DPA value :

- PKA cross section

- threshold energy

- Material	Td (eV)
-   Be	40
-   C	40
-   Al	25
-   Cr	40
-   Fe	40
-   Ni	40
-   Cu	30
-   Pb	25

## DPA (2)

- Displacement cross sections
-     by NJOY with nuclear data
-     by Cascade model, JAM, Bertini

-  by neutron

- smoothing

- There are two ways to get the displacement cross sections
-   (1) using evaluated displacement cross sections.
-            local approximation, limited materials (Be,C,Cr,Fe,Ni,Cu,Pb)
-   (2) calculating PKA cross sections in an event by event.
-            it is possible in PHITS by the event generator mode.

- Evaluated data table of

- M. Harada et.al, J. Nucl. Matrial. **343** (2005) 197

## Harada (1)

- DPA map of target-moderator-reflector assembly of J-PARC

- M. Harada et.al, J. Nucl. Matrial. **343** (2005) 197

## Harada (2)

- Maximum calculated DPA, Allowable DPA and Life

- M. Harada et.al, J. Nucl. Matrial. **343** (2005) 197

## Conclusions

- PHITS has a great ability of carrying out the HEAT and DPA analysis
- of High Power Target system for almost all particles and heavy ions
- with wide energy range.

-  The depth dose distribution in a bulk material
-     agrees well between MARS and PHITS.
-         dE/dx and total integrated collisional processes are OK.

-  The DDX of secondary particles sometime affects very much
-     on the HEAT and DPA values at a local position.

-  The transport of recoil nuclei is very important
-     for HEAT and DPA estimation in a small region.
-         Non-local approximation is necessary for very thin material.

-  Displacement cross sections (PKA cross sections)
-     should be improved for above 10 MeV.
-         more comparisons with the data of energy spectrum
-         of residual nuclei are necessary.

## User Interfaces (1)

***User Interfaces****** ******of******  P******HI******T******S    ***

** ****3D view of the calculation model**

## User Interfaces (2)

***User Interfaces****** ******of******  P******HI******T******S    ***

**2D view and 2D output of  the ****final results**
**by color clusters and contour plots with geometry**

## JAM

***Introducing****** JAM*** *(**J**et **A**A **M**icroscopic Transport Model)     *Y. Nara et.al. *Phys. Rev.* **C61** (2000) 024901
***JAM*** is a ***Hadronic Cascade Model***, which explicitly treats all established hadronic states including resonances with explicit spin and isospin as well as their anti-particles.
- We have parameterized all ***Hadron-Hadron Cross Sections***, based on ***Resonance Model*** and ***String Model*** by fitting the available experimental data.

***JAM code  ******for Hadron Nucleus Collisions up to 200 GeV****** ***

## JQMD-1

***  ******JQMD code  ******for Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions up to 100 GeV/u****** ***

- 56Fe 800 MeV/u on 208Pb

- K. Niiita et.al. *Phys. Rev*. **C52** (1995) 2620   *http://hadron31.tokai.jaeri.go.jp/jqmd/*

- Analysis of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions by ***JQMD***

## JQMD-2

***Introducing****** JQMD ******in****** P******HI******T******S   *****:*****  ***H. Iwase et.al. *J. Nucl. Sci.Technol.* **39** (2002) 1142

- Neutron Spectra from Thick Target

***JQMD code  ******in****** ******P******HI******T******S****** ***

## Heat by Kerma

- Heat by photon transport
- by Kerma (local approximation)
- or by Ionization of Electrons
- Photon induced in Cu
- 800, 100, 10 MeV