# Presentation: 140161

## 
What Is Green Purchasing, Anyway?

Dana Arnold
	Office of the Federal Environmental Executive

**What Is Green Purchasing, Anyway?**
- Dana Arnold
- 	Office of the Federal Environmental Executive

## WHY BUY GREEN?

***	******“******The Federal government can be a good steward of our resources, and we fully intend to be.”***
**	****	****	****- President George W. Bush**

## WHY BUY GREEN?

***	******“******Early integration of environment, safety, and occupational health considerations into new system designs is the most cost-effective way to avoid performance risks, ensure safety, and reduce the future environmental burden on military installations and their host communities.”***
**	****	****	****- Alex Beehler, Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health**

**Notes:**
Both Republican and Democratic presidents directed the Federal government to be good stewards of the environment.  President Bush asks us to be good neighbors and good stewards; in particular, we should focus on resource conservation and minimizing our use of hazardous and toxic substances.

## WHY BUY GREEN?

**DOD’s new Green Purchasing Policy requires all DoD organizations and installations to implement green purchasing.**
**“****The DOD goal is to achieve 100% compliance with mandatory Federal Green Purchasing Programs in all acquisition transactions.”**
**Signed August 27, 2004 by Michael Wynne, Acting Under Secretary for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics**
**Available on Denix**

## MYTHS ABOUT BUYING GREEN

**President Bush revoked the greening the government Executive Orders.**
**Inconsistent with efforts to be more like corporate America.**
**Inconsistent with buying COTS items.**
**Inconsistent with requirement to buy from mandatory sources.**

## 	GREEN PURCHASING CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH:

**Purchase card/fleet card purchases**
**Simplified acquisitions (<$100,000)**
**Larger (>$100,000) purchases of supplies**
**Support services contracts**
**Detailed scopes of work or performance-based contracting**
**Purchases from mandatory sources**

## 	GREEN PURCHASING ENCOMPASSES

**Recycled content products**
**Energy- and water-efficient products**
**Standby power devices**
**Energy Star**
**Alternative fuel vehicles/alternative fuels**
**Biobased products**
**Environmentally preferable products**
**Non-ozone depleting substances**
**Priority chemicals**

## Legal Basis

- Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Section 6002
- Farm Security and Rural Investment Act (2002 Farm Bill), Section 9002
- Energy Policy Act
- Pending energy legislation
- Executive Orders 13101, 13123, 13148, 13149, 13221
- Federal Acquisition Regulation

## 	 Executive Order 13101 

- Prohibits the sale and purchase of printing and writing paper not containing a minimum of 30% postconsumer fiber
- Directs agencies to incorporate in their daily operation, methods to build markets for environmentally preferable products and services which can reduce pollution, save energy and materials, and create jobs

## 	 Executive Order 13101Micropurchases

- RCRA and EO 13101 apply to micropurchases
- You must buy recycled-content products when purchasing below $2,500
- There is no written justification needed for micropurchases

## 	 Executive Order 13101Acquisition Planning 

- 	The EO implements affirmative procurement program by requiring agencies to consider these factors in acquisition planning:
- Elimination of virgin material requirements
- Use of biobased products
- Use of recovered materials
- Product reuse and life cycle cost
- Recyclability
- Use of environmentally preferable products
- Waste prevention including toxicity reduction/elimination; and
- Ultimate disposal

## 	Other Executive Orders 

- E.O. 13123 -- Energy Star and energy-efficient products reduced energy consumption, and renewable energy
- E.O. 13148 -- landscaping and non-ozone depleting substances
- E.O. 13149 -- alternative fuel vehicles, alternative fuels, reduced petroleum consumption, re-refined oil, retread tires
- E.O. 13221 -- minimal standby power devices

## What’s in the FAR?

**Subchapter D, Part 23**- ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION, OCCUPATIONAL SAFTEY, AND DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE
**23.403 Policy**- Government policy on the use of recovered materials considers cost, availability of competition, and performance.  The objective is to acquire competitively, in a cost-effective manner, products that meet reasonable performance requirements and that are composed of the highest percentage of recovered materials practicable

## What’s in the FAR?

**23.703 Policy**- Government policy on the acquisition of environmentally preferable and energy efficient products and services.  Promotes cost-effective waste reduction and consideration of biobased products.

## What’s in the FAR?

**New FAR 23.202** The Government’s policy is to acquire supplies and services that promote energy and water efficiency, advance the use of renewable energy products, and help foster markets for emerging technologies.  This policy extends to all acquisitions, including those below the simplified acquisition threshold.

## What’s in the FAR?

- Think green from the start of an acquisition.
**Part 7.105(b)(16)** requires written acquisition plans to: “discuss all applicable environmental and energy conservation objectives associated with the acquisition...”

## What’s in the FAR?

- The FAR now requires agencies to consider use of recovered materials, environmentally preferable purchasing criteria developed by EPA, and environmental objectives when developing specifications and standards describing government requirements and developing **source selection **factors.

## What’s in the FAR?

- Our minimum need is for 30% postconsumer content printing and office paper:
- Offer documents
- Reports and studies
- Training materials
- Publications
- Financial and technical progress reports

## What’s in the FAR?

- The green purchasing requirements apply to:
- Direct purchases of products
- Products supplied or used in the performance of a contract
- Micro-purchases
- Simplified acquisitions
- Purchases of commercial items

## What’s in the FAR?

- When buying green, we can use detailed scopes of work or performance-based contracting.
- Performance-based contracting was used successfully to incorporate green elements into the Pentagon renovations.

## FAR Clauses

**For recycled content paper:**
**	****- ****52.204-4 Printed or Copied Double-Sided on Recycled Paper**
**For affirmative procurement:**
**	****- 52.223-4  Recovered Materials Certification**
**	****- 52.223-9  Certification and Estimate of Percentage of Recovered Material Content for EPA Designated Items**
**	****	****(Use only on contracts exceeding $100,000.)**
**For support services and O&M contractors:**
**	****- FAR 52.223-10 Waste Reduction Program**

## Recycled Content Products

- Legal basis: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act section 6002, E.O. 13101, E.O. 13148, and E.O. 13149
- What’s required: Purchase EPA-designated recycled content products

## EPA’s 8 Product Categories

- Vehicles
-  Construction
-  Transportation
-  Parks and Recreation
-  Landscaping
-  Non-Paper Office Products
-  Miscellaneous
-  Paper and Paper Products

## What To Buy Green

- Office products
- Printing services
- Fleet maintenance products
- Building construction, renovation, and maintenance (janitorial, landscaping) products
- Traffic control
- Parks and recreation products

## What To Buy Green

**New Products Designated 4/30/04:**
- Blasting Grit
- Bike Racks
- Modular Threshold Ramps
- Non-pressure Pipe
- Office Furniture
- Rebuilt Vehicle Parts
- Roofing Materials

## Where to Buy Green

- GSA Advantage! (CPG symbol, recycling symbol)
- DoD EMALL
- JWOD
- UNICOR
- PRO-Net
- Commercial sources

## Cool Stuff

- EPA entered into a **blanket purchase agreement** with Corporate Express to supply recycled content and environmentally preferable office products.
- The Naval Undersea Warfare Division, Newport, has an agreement with Office Depot to supply green office products.
- Both agreements require the vendor to report what was purchased.

## Cool Stuff

- Homestead Air Reserve Base created an **Environmentally Friendly Products Section** at the base supply store.
- Sandia National Labs added **green contract language to the template for all construction contracts**. This template is used by all project managers when requesting proposals from new contractors and developing work scope for pre- approved contractors.

## Where to Find More Information

- www.epa.gov/cpg

## Energy Star, Energy Efficient Products, and Vampires

- Legal basis: Energy Policy Act, E.O. 13123, E.O. 13221
- Additional legislative requirements pending
- What’s required: Reduce building energy use, purchase Energy Star and FEMP- recommended products, and purchase products that use minimal standby power

## What To Buy Green

- Electronic office products
- Low standby power devices
- Building construction products
- Appliances (residential and commercial)
- Lighting
- Water-saving products

## Energy Star and Energy Efficient Products

- Energy Policy Act of 2005 requires Federal agencies to purchase Energy Star and energy efficient products
- Exception:  Head of agency determines, in writing, that
- Not cost effective over the life of the product or
- No product is reasonably available that meets the agency’s functional requirements

**Notes:**
The second oldest component of the Federal green purchasing program is energy efficiency.  Federal agencies are required to reduce building energy use and to purchase Energy Star products, other products in the top 25 percent of energy efficiency as identified by the Federal Energy Management Program, and products that use one watt of power or other low levels of power when in stand-by mode (the so-called energy vampires).

## Energy Star and Energy Efficient Products (Cont’d)

- EPAct excludes combat or combat-related equipment
- Department of Energy, Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) is preparing guidance

**Notes:**
The second oldest component of the Federal green purchasing program is energy efficiency.  Federal agencies are required to reduce building energy use and to purchase Energy Star products, other products in the top 25 percent of energy efficiency as identified by the Federal Energy Management Program, and products that use one watt of power or other low levels of power when in stand-by mode (the so-called energy vampires).

## Energy Star and Energy Efficient Products (Cont’d)

- New energy efficiency standards for more than a dozen consumer and commercial products, including:
- Fluorescent lamps and lamp ballasts
- Illuminated exit signs
- Transformers
- Ceiling fans/ceiling fan light kits
- Commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment
- Refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers
- Commercial ice makers
- Commercial clothes washers

**Notes:**
The second oldest component of the Federal green purchasing program is energy efficiency.  Federal agencies are required to reduce building energy use and to purchase Energy Star products, other products in the top 25 percent of energy efficiency as identified by the Federal Energy Management Program, and products that use one watt of power or other low levels of power when in stand-by mode (the so-called energy vampires).

## Building Energy Reduction Goals

- EPAct section 102 added new energy reduction goals, compared to FY 2003
- Starts with 2% in FY 2006
- Increases incrementally to 20% in FY 2015
- Includes industrial and laboratory facilities
- Some exceptions provided

**Notes:**
The second oldest component of the Federal green purchasing program is energy efficiency.  Federal agencies are required to reduce building energy use and to purchase Energy Star products, other products in the top 25 percent of energy efficiency as identified by the Federal Energy Management Program, and products that use one watt of power or other low levels of power when in stand-by mode (the so-called energy vampires).

## Federal Building Performance Standards

- If life-cycle cost effective, new buildings must be designed to achieve energy consumption levels 30% below ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004 or the 2004 International Energy Conservation Code
- Sustainable design principles must be applied to the siting, design, and construction of all new and replacement buildings

**Notes:**
The second oldest component of the Federal green purchasing program is energy efficiency.  Federal agencies are required to reduce building energy use and to purchase Energy Star products, other products in the top 25 percent of energy efficiency as identified by the Federal Energy Management Program, and products that use one watt of power or other low levels of power when in stand-by mode (the so-called energy vampires).

## Renewable Energy Portfolio

- When economically feasible and technically practicable, Federal government is to use renewable energy from solar, wind, biomass, landfill gas, waves, geothermal, MSW, or new or expanded hydro sources:
- FY 2007 – 2009 – not less than 3%
- FY 2010 – 2012 – not less than 5%
- FY 2013 and after – not less than 7.5%

## Where to Buy Green

- GSA Advantage! (Energy Star symbol, EE symbol)
- DoD EMALL
- Energy Savings Performance Contracts
- Utility Energy Savings Contracts
- Commercial sources

## Cool Stuff

- Dyess Air Force Base uses **100% renewable power** – using wind power.
- EPA uses green power for 77% of its national electricity consumption.
- Purchased power
- Renewable energy certificates (tags)
- Federal agencies installed more than 3,000 **solar energy** systems by the end of 2003.

## Where to Find More Information

-  www.eere.doe.gov/femp/technologies/eeproducts.cfm
- 	www.energystar.gov

## Alternative Fuel Vehicles/Alternative Fuels

- Legal basis: Energy Policy Act, E.O. 13149
- What’s required: Purchase alternative fuel vehicles, alternative fuels, and recycled content vehicular products

## Use of Alternative Fuels

- Sec. 701 of Energy Policy Act of 2005:
- Alternative fuels must be used in dual fuel vehicles unless agency certifies and DOE grants a waiver because:
- Fuel is not available
- Unreasonable cost compared to gasoline

## What To Buy Green

- Alternative fuel vehicles
- Alternative fuels (e.g., ethanol, CNG, LNG, biodiesel)
- Re-refined oil
- Retread tires
- Reclaimed engine coolant
- Rebuilt vehicle parts

## Where to Buy Green

- GSA (vehicles)
- Defense Energy Support Center (ethanol, biodiesel)
- Defense Supply Center Richmond (re-refined oil)
- Commercial sources

## Cool Stuff

- In FY 2003, **alternative fuel vehicles** accounted for 86% of covered light-duty vehicle acquisitions – well above our 75% requirement.
- We buy ethanol, biodiesel, CNG, and LNG, and use hybrids and other electric vehicles.
- Naval Base Ventura County recycles used cooking oil into biodiesel.
- Both Army and Marine Corps using **hybrid HUMVEEs**.

## Where to Find More Information

- www.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/epact/

## Biobased Products

- Legal basis: Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 section 9002, E.O. 13101, E.O. 13134
- What’s required: Purchase USDA-designated biobased products

## Biobased Products – 2006 Plans

**USDA designations (3/16/06)**:
- Mobile equipment hydraulic fluids*
- Urethane roof coatings
- Water tank coatings -- deferred
- Diesel fuel additives*
- Penetrating lubricants*
- Bedding, bed linens, towels -- deferred
- * excluding combat, combat-related, and space-related applications

## Biobased Products (cont'd)

- Round 2
- Adhesive and Mastic Removers
- Biodegradable Containers
- Bio-Fluid Filled Transformers
- Composite Panels
- Fertilizers

- Grease and Graffiti Removers
- Hand Cleaners and Sanitizers
- Insulating Foams – Wall Construction
- Metal Working Fluids
- Sorbents

## Biobased Products (cont’d)

- Round 3
- 2 Cycle Engine Oils
- Biodegradable Cutlery
- Biodegradable Films
- Carpet Cleaners
- Carpets

- Dust Suppressants
- Glass Cleaners
- Greases
- Hydraulic Fluid – Stationary Equipment
- Lip Care Balm

## Biobased Products (cont’d)

- Round 4
- Bath and Tile Cleaners
- Biobased Clothing
- Concrete and Asphalt Release
- Cutting, Drilling and Tapping Oils
- De-Icers

- Durable Plastic Films
- Expanded Polystyrene Foam Recyclers
- Fire Arm Lubricants
- Laundry Products
- Wood and Concrete Sealers

## Where to Buy Green

- GSA Advantage! (biobased symbol)
- Defense Energy Supply Center
- DoD EMALL
- JWOD
- Commercial sources

## Cool Stuff

- Seymour Johnson AFB looked for biobased floor scrubbers to help its local wastewater treatment plant reduce phosphate concentrations and pH levels.
- Commercial floor scrubbers
- Goal:  Formulate a biobased detergent low in phosphates, pH neutral, aggressive in cleaning, and competitively priced
- Able to meet needs for cleaning golf cart facilities, supply warehouse, and aircraft hangar.

## Cool Stuff

- Pope AFB looked for cleaners for the Aerospace Ground Equipment and Propulsion shops that were lower pH but compatible with oil/water separators.
- Goals:  lower pH, solvent-free, left floors meeting safety requirements.
- Focused on biobased enzymatic products.
- Used for shop spills of hydraulic fluids, engine oil – and incidently, cleaned oils in the floor scrubbing equipment.
- Cost per gallon of 90 cents!

## Cool Stuff

- The Defense Energy Support Center worked through **ASTM** to develop a **technical standard for B20** and establish quality requirements and contract language.
- Many Federal facilities now use biobased hydraulic oils, greases, cleaning products, mastic removers, and other products.
- PTO just installed **carpet containing a soy-based backing**.

## Where to Find More Information

- USDA:
**http://www.biobased.oce.usda.gov**** **
- OFEE:
- 	www.ofee.gov,click on Green Purchasing, click on Biobased Products

## Environmentally Preferable Products

- Legal basis: E.O. 13101
- What’s encouraged: Purchase environmentally preferable products and services

## What To Buy Green

- Office products
- Electronic office equipment
- Printing services
- Fleet maintenance products
- Building renovation, construction, and maintenance (janitorial, landscaping) products

## Where to Buy Green

- GSA Advantage! (trees symbol)
- DoD EMALL
- JWOD
- UNICOR
- Commercial sources

## Cool Stuff

- Department of the Interior led the way in switching to **green cleaning products** and now uses a NISH provider to clean with green cleaners.
- NISH providers also clean the **Pentagon** and other Federal buildings with green cleaners.  Even **Statue of Liberty** National Park is cleaned with green cleaners.

## Cool Stuff

- In 2003, the Navy revised its mandatory catalog of technical purchase descriptions for **shipboard cleaning products and dispensers** to identify environmentally preferable alternatives.

## Where to Find More Information

- www.epa.gov/oppt/epp

## Non-Ozone Depleting Substances

- Legal basis: Clean Air Act, E.O. 13148
- What’s required: Purchase alternatives to ozone depleting substances
- SNAP -- EPA's Significant New Alternatives Policy Program identifies alternatives to ozone-depleting substances and provides lists of acceptable and unacceptable substitutes. The web site provides information on product alternatives.

## What To Buy Green

- Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
- Foam Blowing
- Solvent Cleaning
- Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection
- Aerosol Solvents and Propellants
- Sterilants
- Tobacco Expansion
- Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks

## Where to Buy Green

- GSA Advantage! (SNAP symbol)
- DoD EMALL
- Commercial sources

## Cool Stuff

- Federal agencies are installing **alternatives to halon fire suppression systems**.
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base purchases non-ozone depleting **missile propellants**.
- NASA’s White Sands Test Facility uses an **aqueous process to clean spacecraft parts** instead of a freon-based cleaning system.

## Where to Find More Information

- www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/lists/index.html

## Priority Chemicals

- Legal basis: E.O. 13148
- What’s required: Reduce usage of specified chemicals by 50 percent by 12/31/06 through a variety of means, including using alternatives.
- Initial focus on five priority chemicals:
- Lead
- Mercury
- Cadmium
- PCBs
- Naphthalene

## What To Buy Green

- Not determined yet but could include:
- Non-mercury bearing switches and thermostats
- Alternatives to cadmium in electroplating
- Tin/copper or tin/silver solders in place of tin/lead

## Cool Stuff

- The National Institutes of Health started a “Mercury-Free NIH” campaign to eliminate mercury-containing products.
- Known as the Mad Hatter campaign.
- Link from the OFEE web site.

**Notes:**
NIH uses the “mad hatter” theme for its mercury elimination program.  In the 1800s, hatters commonly exhibited slurred speech, tremors, irritability, shyness, depression and other neurological symptoms; hence the expression "mad as a hatter".  The hatters’ disabilities were symptoms of mercury poisoning. In the mid-1800s hat makers used hot solutions of mercuric nitrate to shape wool felt hats. They typically worked in poorly ventilated rooms leading to chronic occupational exposure to mercury and neurological damage that followed.

To link to the NIH web site, go to the OFEE web site, www.ofee.gov, click on Waste Prevention and Recycling, and scroll down to the best practice on eliminating mercury usage.

## Example: Green Scope of Work

**      ****Where applicable on exterior surfaces only, the use of consolidated and reprocessed latex paint meeting the requirements of the Comprehensive Procurement Guide for postconsumer content and total recovered content should be considered, if feasible.**
**	****White, off-white, pastel**
**	****colors****	****	****	****	****20% postconsumer**
**	****Grey, brown, earthtones,**
**	****and other dark colors ****	****	****50-99% postconsumer**

## Example: Green Scope of Work

- The contractor shall meet the goals and objectives of E.O. 13123 and use Energy Star and energy-efficient products in the top 20% of energy efficiency as designated by the Department of Energy.

## What parts of the solicitation will you green?

- A – Solicitation/contract form
- B – Supplies or services and prices/costs
- C – Description/specifications/statement of work
- D – Packaging and marking
- E – Inspection and acceptance
- F – Deliveries or performance
- G – Contract administration data
- H – Special contract requirements
- I – Contract clauses
- J – List of attachments
- K – Reps and certifications
- L – Instructions, conditions, and notices
- M – Evaluation factors for award

## For More Information

- 	Dana Arnold
- 	Chief of Staff, OFEE
- 	arnold.dana@ofee.gov
- 	202-343-9374
**www.ofee.gov**