# Presentation: 146279

## LONG TERM              SEMI-CONTINUOUS D/F MONITORING SYSTEMS

- GENE RILEY
- EMISSION MEASUREMENT CENTER

## LONG-TERM DIOXIN & FURAN       SAMPLING SYSTEMS

- AMESA (German Instrument)
- Adsorption Method for Sampling of D/F
- DMS (Austria Instrument)
- Dioxin Monitoring System

## APPLICATIONSDIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS

- MUNICIPAL INCINERATORS
- HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATORS
- HOSPITAL WASTE INCINERATORS
- SEWAGE SLUDGE INCINERATORS
- OTHER COMBUSTION SOURCES

## SAMPLING PRINCIPALSAMESA & DMS

- Auto-isokinetic Sampling
- Titanium Probe & Nozzle
- Heated application
- Air or water cooled application
- Sampling Periods
- 4 hrs to 4 weeks
- Usually 2 weeks per XAD module

## AMESA SAMPLINGEQUIPMENT & PROTOCOL

- Titanium Probe Positioned at Average Velocity Sampling Point
- Electronic System Leak-Check Valve
- Collects D/F in XAD-2 Module
- Collects & Measures Stack Moisture
- Monitors & Records Temperatures

## DMS SAMPLINGEQUIPMENT & PROTOCOL

- Two Titanium Probes Positioned at Average Velocity Sampling Points
- Electronic System Leak-Check Valve
- Collects D/F on Filter & PUF Cartridges
- Does Not Measure Stack Moisture
- Monitors & Records Temperatures

## DMS SAMPLING EQUIPMENT & PROTOCOL 

- Dual Titanium Probes Positioned at Average Velocity Sampling Points.
- Probes Switch Every 30 Minutes
- Uses the “Null Nozzle” Concept
- Stack Sample is Diluted & Cooled
- Electronic System Leak-Check Valve
- Collects D/F on Polyurethane Foam (PUF)
- Does Not Collect Stack Moisture

## DMS SAMPLING  PROTOCOL 

- Null Nozzle Sampling Approach
- Design assumes by adjusting the  nozzle sample flow to produce a “null condition” for the manometer pressures,  isokinetic sampling can be achieved.
- Reliability of null sampling nozzles is a function of design and use.
- Isokinetic sampling conditions are not always guaranteed.

## DMS SAMPLING  PROTOCOL

- Dilution Sampling Method
- Stack gas is sampled isokinetically
- Mixed with dried, cleaned, D/F-free compressed air
- Purpose of dilution air is to cool and dilute the stack gas to a dew point where little or no condensate is realized
- Dry gas mixture passes through a filter and two PUFs for D/F collection

## DMS SAMPLING  PROTOCOL

- Polyurethane Foam (PUFs)
- Two PUFs in series collect D/F
- PUFs are cleaned and vacuum dried prior to use
- Glass fiber filter and two PUFs are installed in field module
- 100 ul of a recovery standard surrogate is applied to glass fiber filter surface
- Module is assembled by laboratory

## AMESA & DMSSAMPLING EQUIPMENT 

- Measures Stack Gas Velocity, Temperature, & Pressure
- Optional System Can Measure O2 & CO2
- Sampling Range – 0.0001 to 10 ng/m3
- Condensate Can Be Collected & Analyzed For AMESA

## AMESA & DMSSAMPLING PROTOCOL

- Isokinetic Sampling Procedures
- Duplicates M23 Sampling Rates
- Collects Approx. 0.85 m3/hour (0.85 m3 X 24 hrs = 20 m3/day )
- Volume For a Two Week Period – >280 m3

## AMESA & DMS SAMPLEMULTIPLE ANALYSES

- From a 280 m3 XAD Sample Extract:
- Dioxins/Furans
- Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
- Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
- CAA Semivolatile HAPs
- Other Organic Target Compounds

## AMESA SUMMARY

- Conducts Isokinetic Sampling
- Sampling Probe/Nozzle
- Titanium materials
- Single average-point sampling
- Usually not heated (can be modified)
- Probe sample fraction usually not recovered(20% factor added to XAD catch)
- No Fiber Glass Filter (can be added)
- Collects Stack Gas Moisture

## DMS SUMMARY

- Conducts Isokinetic Sampling
- Null Sampling Probe/Nozzle (2)
- Titanium materials
- Two average-point sampling locations
- Usually not heated (can be modified)
- Probe sample fraction usually not recovered(20% factor added to XAD catch)
- Stack Gas Dilution
- Fiber Glass Filter & PUFs
- No Stack Gas Moisture

## AMESA & DMS SUMMARY

- Can Measure D/F 52 Weeks/Year
- Estimated Cost (less analysis)
- Purchase price - ~$100,000 US
- Lease Price (12 months) - $4000/month
- AMESA – 55 Units in Operation
- DMS – 5 Units in Operation

## AMESA & DMS CONCLUSIONS 

- Allows for Long-Term D/F Measurements – up to 4 weeks
- Annual D/F Method 23 Estimates for Plants Have Increased 15 to 25% When Measured by AMESA & DMS
- Increases attributed to: 1) daily plant operation variations and 2) that very few of the D/F are “non detects” as seen in Method 23 analyses.

## AMESA & DMS ASALTERNATIVE TEST METHODS

- Must Meet M 301 Acceptance Criteria as Compared With EPA Method 23
- Procedures Could be Approved
- As alternative compliance test method
- At specific industry category
- Facility by Facility approval(each emission point must be evaluated)