# Presentation: 177386

## Air Transport RecordersCrash Survivability

**Duncan Schofield**
**Manager, Flight Recorder Engineering**

## Topics

**What are Flight Recorders**

**Why do commercial aircraft carry them**

**How performance is specified**

**TSO Specification evolution**

**TSO Survival Requirements**

## What are Flight Recorders & why are they carried

**Flight recorder [Black box]:**
**Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)**
**Flight Data Recorder (FDR)**
**Combination Cockpit Voice/Flight Data Recorder (CVFDR)**

**Mandated equipment**
**14CFR25 & 14CFR121 (Large Transport Aircraft)**

## How is performance specified; equipment approval

**Three (3) methods for equipment approval (14CFR Pt 21)**
**Type Certificate**
**Parts Manufacturer Approval (PMA)**
**Technical Standard Order Approval (TSOA)**

**Only approved parts (articles) may be installed on aircraft.**

**Part approval, or certification, cycle**
**Performance Specification**
**Part qualification**
**Part certification, ie. approval, including software**
**Certification for installation eligibility**

## Equipment Approval - Type Certificate

- Airframe manufacturer is the type & production certificate holder.

**Approval by Type Certificate**
**Performance spec issued by an airframe manufacturer**
**Qualification specified by the airframe manufacturer**
**Airframe manufacturer obtains FAA certification (approval) for the part (including software)**
**Airframe manufacturer establishes the installation requirements & obtains FAA certification for the installation**

**Production of the part is controlled by the type certificate holder’s quality assurance program**

**Finished parts may be shipped to the type certificate holder only (Including spares & repaired items.)**

**Ex: landing gear strut**

## Equipment Approval - PMA

**Part Manufacturer Approval**
**Performance spec issued by an airframe manufacturer**
**Qualification as specified by the airframe manufacturer**
**Airframe manufacturer obtains FAA certification for the part (including software)**
**Airframe manufacturer establishes the installation requirements & obtains FAA certification for the installation**
**Airframe manufacturer issues license to part manufacturer enabling application for PMA from FAA.**
**Part manufacturer obtains PMA from the FAA based on approval of part manufacturer’s quality assurance program.**

**Production of the part is controlled by the PMA holder’s quality assurance program**
**Finished parts are labeled with aircraft type for which installation eligibility is certified.**
**Finished parts (Including spares & repaired items) may be shipped to anyone for installation in certified aircraft.**

**Ex: Flight phone**

## Equipment Approval - TSOA

**Technical Standard Order Approval (TSOA)**
**FAA defines Minimum Operating Performance Standards (M[O]PS)**
**Qualification as specified by FAA in MOPS.**
**Part manufacturer obtains TSOA from the FAA**
**Performance & qualification data submittal.**
**Software validation data submittal.**
**Approved quality assurance program.**
**Airframe manufacturer establishes the installation requirements & obtains FAA certification for the installation**

**TSOA: maximum design & production control**

**Production of the part is controlled by the TSOA holder’s quality assurance program**
**Finished parts are labeled with applicable TSO.**
**Finished parts (Including spares & repaired items) may be shipped to anyone.**

**Ex: Cockpit Voice Recorder; Flight Data Recorder**

## Preserving the Record: Survivability

**Hazards associated with an aircraft accident**

**Impact shock**

**3,400 g, 6.5 ms 1⁄2-sine**

**Penetration** **Resistance**

**20,000 ft, 24-hrs**

**Static Crush**

**500 Lb, 10-ft drop, 1⁄4-in Dia pin**

**Fire Resistance**

**5,000 Lb, 5 Min per axis**

**Heat Resistance**

**1100********C, 1-hr, 100% coverage****50,000 BTU/sq ft/hr**

**Deep sea pressure**

**10-hr Bake @  260********C**

**9 ft, 30-days**

**Salt water corrosion**

**Typical aircraft fluids**

**Corrosive Fluids**

**Survivability criteria specified by TSO**

## TSO Evolution

**TSO timeline**

## Survival testing

- Related information available at _[http://aviation-safety.net/](http://aviation-safety.net/cvr/cvr_tso.htm)__[cvr](http://aviation-safety.net/cvr/cvr_tso.htm)__[/](http://aviation-safety.net/cvr/cvr_tso.htm)__[cvr](http://aviation-safety.net/cvr/cvr_tso.htm)__[_](http://aviation-safety.net/cvr/cvr_tso.htm)__[tso](http://aviation-safety.net/cvr/cvr_tso.htm)__[.](http://aviation-safety.net/cvr/cvr_tso.htm)__[htm](http://aviation-safety.net/cvr/cvr_tso.htm)_

- And at http:_[//www.](http://www.ntsb.gov/Events/symp_rec/proceedings/May_3/SessionI/Pres_grossi.ppt)__[ntsb](http://www.ntsb.gov/Events/symp_rec/proceedings/May_3/SessionI/Pres_grossi.ppt)__[.](http://www.ntsb.gov/Events/symp_rec/proceedings/May_3/SessionI/Pres_grossi.ppt)__[gov](http://www.ntsb.gov/Events/symp_rec/proceedings/May_3/SessionI/Pres_grossi.ppt)__[/Events/](http://www.ntsb.gov/Events/symp_rec/proceedings/May_3/SessionI/Pres_grossi.ppt)__[symp](http://www.ntsb.gov/Events/symp_rec/proceedings/May_3/SessionI/Pres_grossi.ppt)__[_](http://www.ntsb.gov/Events/symp_rec/proceedings/May_3/SessionI/Pres_grossi.ppt)__[rec](http://www.ntsb.gov/Events/symp_rec/proceedings/May_3/SessionI/Pres_grossi.ppt)__[/proceedings/May_3/](http://www.ntsb.gov/Events/symp_rec/proceedings/May_3/SessionI/Pres_grossi.ppt)__[SessionI](http://www.ntsb.gov/Events/symp_rec/proceedings/May_3/SessionI/Pres_grossi.ppt)__[/](http://www.ntsb.gov/Events/symp_rec/proceedings/May_3/SessionI/Pres_grossi.ppt)__[Pres](http://www.ntsb.gov/Events/symp_rec/proceedings/May_3/SessionI/Pres_grossi.ppt)__[_](http://www.ntsb.gov/Events/symp_rec/proceedings/May_3/SessionI/Pres_grossi.ppt)__[grossi](http://www.ntsb.gov/Events/symp_rec/proceedings/May_3/SessionI/Pres_grossi.ppt)__[.](http://www.ntsb.gov/Events/symp_rec/proceedings/May_3/SessionI/Pres_grossi.ppt)__[ppt](http://www.ntsb.gov/Events/symp_rec/proceedings/May_3/SessionI/Pres_grossi.ppt)_

- Stopping distance
- for vehicle
- traveling **60 mph** is
-  **14.4 inch (367 mm)**

- Stopping distance
- for vehicle
- traveling **60 mph** is
-  **1.4 inch (36.7 mm)**

- Stopping distance
- for vehicle
- traveling **60 mph** is
-  **0.4 inch (10.8 mm)**

- Test protocols established
- by ED55, ED56A
-  & incorporated in
-  C123/124/123a/124a.

##  www.honeywell.com

-  **www.honeywell.com**