# Presentation: 542056

## Hall Research Programs and Technical Developments

- Dennis Skopik
- Jefferson Lab
- Science & Technology Review
- June 2004
- Program Overview
- Status of Experiments in the Halls
- Hall Experimental Equipment Development
- Summary

**Notes:**

This conferences is all about nucleons and baryons. 
Nathan Isgur has been a strong supporter of a nucleon research program at this laboratory.  He formulated the importance of studies of the nucleon in 3 remarks he made at the N*2000 conferences  in this auditorium:

## PHYSICS STATUS 6/04

**Accelerator delivered excellent beams for the physics program:**
- Recovery from Isabel was outstanding
- Simultaneous G0 parity quality beam and high resolution                (E/E ~ 2 x 10-5) for Hall A was a tour de force
**Delivered Physics 19.4 weeks through May 31, 2004****     (compared to plan of 17.8 for the period)**
**Halls had good availability ****     (average of 86% through May)**
**101 full experiments and parts of 10 more have been completed:**

| Hall
 | Physics
Began | Experiments
Completed
(full/partial) | Experiments
Completed
(equivalent) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C | 10/95 | 22  /  2              | 23.0 |
| A | 5/97 | 29  /  1 | 29.7 |
| B | 11/97 | 50  / 7 | 54.0 |
|  | Today | 101 / 10 | 106.7 |
| Totals | 2003 S&T | 81  / 23 | 97.3 |

**Notes:**
Dennis will provide details

Comment:  changed bookkeeping standards on how to deal with partially complete experiments – withdrawn treated as complete, removed by jeopardy treated as partially complete – total this year would have been 78.4 rather than 80.8 by the “old” bookkeeping standards

## PHYSICS STATUS 6/04 (cont.) 

- The program includes 149 approved experiments involving over half of our 2100 member user community:       1132 scientists from 187 institutions in 30 countries
- Working to reduce the substantial backlog of experiments:
-           ~ 4.9 years in Hall A		    ~ 4.0 years in Hall B	          goal:  ~ 3.5 years/hall    ~ 4.0 years in Hall C
- Publications and PhDs from JLab research continue to grow:
- 102 PRL and PL ( 57 expt. / 45 theory) (+8 submitted)
- 259 publications in other refereed journals (+9 submitted)
- 348 Invited talks and 343 contributed talks
- 172 PhDs to date, 172 more in progress

## Operations Experience in FY04 to date (FY04 Goal is 27 weeks)

| Metric | FY04 Goal | FY04 (Through May) |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
| 

Beam Availability (%) |    
71.2% |     
72.9% |
|      Hall A | 78% | 61% |
|      Hall B | 80% | 95% |
|      Hall C | 78% | 94% |
|      Overall (3-hall ops average) | 78% | 86% |
| Hall Multiplicity | 2.0 | 2.5 |
| Physics Delivered (weeks) | 17.8* | 19.4
 |

- * Pro-rated based on anticipated 27 weeks of running after time lost due to Hurricane Isabel taken into account.

## Publications (Users and JLab staff)

| 
Type of Publication | Calendar Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | ‘98 | ‘99 | ‘00 | ‘01 | ‘02 | ‘03 | ‘04 |
| Phys Rev Lett and Phys Lett | 9 | 13 | 15 | 24 | 20 | 16 | 5 + (8) |
| Other Refereed Journals | 5 | 29 | 39 | 51 | 52 | 38 | 8 + (9) |
| Invited Talks in Conf. Proc. | 16 | 16 | 23 | 79 | 98 | 163 | 17 + (7) |
| Instrumentation Papers | 2 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 3 | 6 | 2 + (0) |
| Contributed Papers | 52 | 96 | 191 | 68 | 141 | 109 | 8 + (4) |

- *  As of June, 2004,
-   Brackets indicate papers submitted, not yet published

## Advanced Degrees

| Year | Number of PhDs |
| --- | --- |
| 1997 + previous years | 17 |
| 1998 | 18 |
| 1999 | 22 |
| 2000 | 31 |
| 2001 | 25 |
| 2002 | 27 |
| 2003 | 24 |
| 2004* | 8 |
| In Progress:
  PhD
  MSc | 
172
  26 |

- * As of March, 2004

** ****A total of 172 PhD’s have been awarded to date**

- Status of Experiments in the Halls

## Overview of Experimental Program (pre PAC26)

|   | Number of Experiments |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Topic | Hall A | Hall B | Hall C | Total |
| Nucleon and Meson Form
Factors and Sum Rules | 
11   | 
4   | 
10   | 
25   |
| Few Body Physics | 18   | 6   | 5   | 29   |
| Properties of Nuclei | 7   | 11   | 10   | 28   |
| N* and Meson Properties | 7   | 31  | 8   | 46   |
| Strange Quarks | 4   | 15   | 2   | 21   |
| TOTAL | 47   | 67   | 35   | 149   |

**  **Eight conditionally approved experiments
-   Ten new experiments were approved by PAC25 (Five Pentaquark experiments)

- 12 physics publications (PRL and PRC) since last review
- 3 new proposals approved and 2 jeopardy proposals re-approved by PAC24/25
- 25 Experiments require polarized beam
- 1 Previously approved experiment removed by jeopardy process
- Backlog ~ 5 years (one jeopardy proposal for PAC26)

## Experiments completed in Hall A since last review

| Exp | Title | Spokespersons |
| --- | --- | --- |
| E97-110 | The GDH Sum Rule and the Spin Structure of 3He and the Neutron using nearly Real Photons | F. Garibaldi, J.-P. Chen, A. Deur |
| E94-107 | High-Resolution Hypernuclear 1p-shell Spectroscopy | S. Frullani, F. Garibaldi, J. LeRose, P. Markowitz |
| E04-012 | High-Resolution Study of the 1540 Exotic State | B. Wojtsekhowski |

## Upcoming Program in Hall A

| Date | Exp |  | Program |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 |  |  |  |  |  |
| June |  | E00-114 |  | Parity Violation from 4He at low Q2 | D. Armstrong, R. Michaels |
| July |  | E99-115 |  | Constraining the Nucleon Strangeness Radius in Parity-Violating Electron Scattering | K. Kumar, D. Lhuillier |
| Aug/Sept |  |  |  | Removal of septum magnets 
Install DVCS calorimeter 	 |  |
| Sep/Oct |  | E00-110
 |  | Deep Virtual Compton Scattering | F. Sabatie, C. Hyde-Wright, P. Bertin, R. Ransome |
| Oct/Nov |  | E03-106 |  | Deep Virtual Compton Scattering | F. Sabatie, C. Hyde-Wright, P. Bertin, E. Voutier |
| Dec |  |  |  | Installation of Big Bite |  |
| 2005 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Jan/Mar | E01-015
 |  | Studying the Internal Small-Distance Structure of Nuclei |  | S. Wood, E. Piasetzky, W. Bertozzi |
| Apr/May |  |  | Install septa and waterfall target |  |  |
| June | E94-107 |  | High-Resolution Hypernuclear 1p-shell Spectroscopy |  | S. Frullani, F. Garibaldi, J. LeRose, P. Markowitz |

## Overview of experiments in Hall B

| Run Group | Title | # Exps | PAC time | % Complete |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| e1 | e p ->  e’ X,   N* excitation | 15 | 141 | 100 |
| eg2 | Quark propagation and hadronization in nuclei | 2 | 44 | 66 |
| g10 | Search for the + pentaquark on deuterium | 1 | 30 | 100 |
| g11 | Spectroscopy of Exotic Baryons | 1 | 25 | Just started |

- 12 physics publications (PRL,PRD and PRC) since last review, 3 more submitted
- 6 more under CLAS Collaboration review
- Backlog about 4 years

## Upcoming Program in Hall B

| Date | Exp | Physics Goals |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 |  |  |
| Aug - Sept |  | Install Primex |
| Oct - Nov | PRIMEX | 0 lifetime |
| Dec | eg3 | Search for cascade pentaquarks |
| 2005 |  |  |
| Jan | eg3 continued |  |
| Feb | DVCS Install |  |
| Mar - Apr | DVCS | Accessing Generalized Parton Distributions |
| May - June | g8 | Search for missing resonances in p -> Vector mesons |
| July - Aug | DVCS Install |  |

## Overview of Hall C Experiments

-   9 physics publications (PRL and PRC) since last review
-   10 Approved experiments require polarized beam
-   2.5 Approved experiments removed by jeopardy process
-   Backlog ~ 4 years

|  | Number
Approved | Number
Completed | Days
Approved | Days
Run | Days To
Run |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nucleon and Meson Form Factors/Sum Rules | 11 | 5.5 | 299 | 168 | 131 |
| Few Body Nuclear Properties | 5 | 3.5 | 99 | 85 | 14 |
| Properties of Nuclei | 9 | 5 | 153 | 89 | 64 |
| N* and Meson
Properties | 8 | 7 | 92 | 85 | 7 |
| Strange Quarks | 4 | 2 | 151 | 91 | 60 |
| Total | 37 | 23 | 794 | 518 | 276 |

## Experiments completed in Hall C since last review

| Exp | Title | Spokespersons |
| --- | --- | --- |
| E01-002 | Baryon Resonance Electroproduction at High Momentum Transfer | P. Bosted, V. Frolov, M. Jones, V. Koubarovski, P. Stoler |
| E00-116 | F2N Moments at High Q2 | C. Keppel |
| E01-004 | The Charged Pion Form Factor Extension | H.P. Blok, G. Huber, D. Mack |
| E00-108 (half) | Duality in Meson Electroproduction | H. Mkrtchyan, G. Niculescu, R. Ent |
| E00-006 | G0 Experiment: Forward Angle Measurements, Second Engineering Run | D. Beck |
| E00-006 | G0 Experiment: Forward Angle Measurements, Physics Run | D. Beck |

-   In September, 2003 re-installation of G0 experiment started
-   Finished forward angle data taking for the G0 experiment on May 17, 2004             and started changing over to HMS + SOS running

## Upcoming Program in Hall C

| DATE | EXP | PROGRAM | SPOKESPERSON |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| June, 2004 | E01-109 | GEp/GMp to  Q2 = 9 GeV2            BigCal-HMS test | E. Brash, M. Jones, C. Perdrisat, V. Punjabi |
| June | E02-019 | x > 1 at high Q2                             Part I at 5 GeV | J. Arrington, D. Day, B. Filippone, A. Lung |
| July | E01-107 | Pion Transparency in Nuclei         Part I at 5 + 4 GeV | D. Dutta, K. Garrow, R. Ent |
| August-September |  | HMS Controls, G0 Turnaround |  |
| September-November | E02-019 | x > 1 at high Q2                             Part II at 5.75 GeV | J. Arrington, D. Day, B. Filippone, A. Lung |
| November-December | E03-103 | EMC Effect in Light Nuclei | J. Arrington, D. Gaskell |
| December | E01-107 | Pion Transparency in Nuclei         Part II at 5.75 GeV | D. Dutta, K. Garrow, R. Ent |
| January-April, 2005 |  | HKS Experiment Installation |  |
| April-July | E01-011 | Spectroscopy Study of Medium to Medium-Heavy Mass  Hypernuclei  | O. Hashimoto, S. Nakamura, J. Reinhold, L. Tang |

## Hall Instrumentation

**Hall A Instrumentation**

- Septum magnets (scattering angle 6°)
-  Coil cooling and electrical connections fixed, the substantial rework of  the cryostat resulting in over a three months delay in the physics program
-  Both septa now operating
- Short-range correlations through triple coincidences
-  Detector systems assembled
-  Scattering chamber leak checked
- Deep Virtual Compton Scattering
-  Proton and photon detector arrays assembled
- GEn up to 3.5 GeV2
-  VDC’s under construction
-  Assembly of neutron scintillator array started

## BigBite in Hall A

-   BigBite  will detect correlated   protons and  a scintillator array detects the correlated neutrons.
-  Along with the platform and detectors, a new scattering chamber has been built with extra large exit windows in order to match the large out-of-plane acceptance of BigBite.

**BigBite in Hall A**

## Measurement of GEn at high Q2

-   Figure of Merit about 25 better than earlier experiment which allows extension to higher Q**2

**Neutron arm**

**Polarized target**

**Electron arm**

**Measurement of G****E****n**** ****at high Q****2**

-   Complete set-up will be ready to run by late summer 2005

## Hall B Instrumentation

| Experiment | Physics Motivation | Technical Solution | To run in |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| G11 + future tagged exp. | High-rate search for penta-quark states  | new highly segmented start counter | 2004 |
| PrimEx | test Chiral PT prediction for  o       | leadglass calorimeter with high resolution lead tungstate insert | 2004 |
| DVCS | constrain GPD’s via            ep     e’p  | 5T solenoidal Moeller shield 
crystal detector inside CLAS | 2005 |
| BONUS | n structure functions via tagging spectator proton in   eD    e’pX  | GEM drift chamber for low momentum (pp > 70 MeV/c) protons    | 2005 |
| Missing  resonance search | explore spectrum of excited 3-quark-states via  p    K+ | frozen spin target for tagged photon experiments  | 2006 |
| GDH | Determine GDH integral at very small Q2 | Cerenkov counter specialized for electron detection at small angles  | 2006 |

**Hall B Instrumentation**

## New Start Counter for Tagged Photon Experiments

- lead-glass

**Solution**
- construct new start counter with
-  24 scintillator strips each covering interval
-  individual PMT readout

**Status**
-   installed on 5/19/2004 for G11 experiment

**Required for penta-quark searches**
- Existing start counter insufficient for new generation of high-rate tagged photon experiments since it can’t trigger on event multiplicity
- New capabilities required for G11 penta-quark search (approved by PAC in January 2004)

## Calorimeter for PrimEx  (Primakoff Experiment)

- lead-glass

**Solution**
- Hybrid calorimeter for  detection (NSF MRI)
-   - lead-glass blocks at large angles
-   - lead-tungstate crystals at small angles

**Status:**
-  - pair spectrometer installed and commissioned
-  - calorimeter construction completed at JLab
-  - Hall B infrastructure ready
-  - installation scheduled for July 2004

**Technical requirement for  **A    o A
- - decay photon detection at very small angles
- - need good photon angular and energy resolution

## Setup for Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering in CLAS

**Setup for Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering in CLAS**

**Technical solution**
-  - Forward calorimeter with 436 lead tungstate crystals readout via avalanche photodiodes (APD)
- - Super-conducting 5Tesla solenoid Moller shield

**Status**
-  - solenoid construction nearing completion (Saclay)
-  - calorimeter prototype built (ITEP, Orsay, JLab)
-  - prototype tested in CLAS under realistic conditions

**Technical requirement for  **ep    e’p 
- - Detect all final state particles to cleanly identify process
- - Double luminosity to 2x1034 cm-2 s-1

- 5x5 calorimeter prototype

- Lead tungstate crystals

- SC solenoid coil

## Bound Nucleon Structure  (BONUS)

**Solution**
-  High pressure gas target in 5T field
-  Surrounded by radial time projection chamber (RTPC)
-  Curved Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) amplification gap

**Status**
-  design in advanced stage (JLab/ODU)
-  flat and curved prototypes constructed
-  prototype tested at TUNL low-energy p beam

**Technical requirement**
- Detect spectator protons in coincidence with scattered e’
-  Low momentum and low range protons
-  High rate, isotropic angular distribution (no    correlation)

- CLAS coil

## Frozen Spin Target for CLAS

**Frozen Spin Target for CLAS**

**Solution:** frozen spin target
-  polarize target at 1K and 5T    using microwave transitions
-  lower temperature to 50mK
-  switch off microwaves
-  lower magnetic field to 0.5T

**Status:**
-  - design completed
-  - construction started
-  - polarizing magnet commissioned

**Technical requirement:**
- construct polarized target for tagged photon beam with minimum obstruction of CLAS solid angle and low distortion of particle trajectories in magnetic field

- 5 Tesla polarizing magnet

- CLAS

## Hall C Instrumentation

- HKS Magnets arrived from Mitsubishi at end of November
-  On time and within their budget( $3.0M)
-  Tohoku has also received a new grant to build a complementary electron spectrometer ($2.5M)
- Detector work is ongoing, most prototype detectors were tested in KEK or Sendai beam, now cosmics testing in EEL
-       HKS Chambers	       Hampton
-       HKS Hodoscope	       Tohoku U
-       HKS Water Cerenkov	       Tohoku U
-       HKS Aerogel Detectors       Florida Int.
-       Enge Honeycomb	       Tohoku U
-       Enge Hodoscope	       Tohoku U

- Remaining work: finalize construction of sieve and vacuum systems (JLab)
-                             construction of beam dump line and new DZ magnet (Accel. Division)
- 	              work on data acquisition and analysis software (Collaboration)
-                             finalize electronics work (including new F1 TDC’s – Fast Electronics)

*(above) aerial photo of HKS in Test Lab*

## GEp-III Status

*aerial photo of GEp-III space in Test Lab*

- All 1744 bars have been installed in the large calorimeter. The cabling has been installed in a separate frame.

- Test setup in Hall C during the N-experiment shows acceptable background rates.

- The Dubna/Protvino prototype chamber + electronics for the FPP is on site and being tested. Expect first (last) two chambers in 6 (12) months.

- Anticipated “Ready” Date: Fall 2005

## G0 Backward Angle Status

**G0 Backward Angle Status**

_**Cryostat-Exit Detectors:**_
- Scintillators	    - fabrication completed, delivered to JLab
- Lightguides	    - first octant completed, delivered to JLab
- 	      Test-fit w/ scintillators & support structure
- 	    - delivery to JLab ~ spring/summer 04
_**Aerogel Cerenkov Detectors:**_
- French & NA  - fabrication of detectors underway
- 	    - delivery to JLab ~ spring/summer 04
_**Electronics:**_
- NA CEDFPD boards
- 	    - prototype boards tested  production
- 	    - delivery to JLab ~ fall 04
- French CEDFPD boards
- 	    - prototype boards tested  production
- 	    - delivery to JLab ~ summer 04
_**Magnet/Cryotarget:**_
- 	    - Rotate Ferris Wheel in July
- 	    - Rotate Superconducting Magnet in Fall
- 	    - Relocation of target and cryogenic
- 	      service lines ongoing
_**Complete Program:**_
- 	    - Potentially 3 more 70-day blocks of running
- 	    - Only one energy compatible with other hall     	       running

**Cryostat-Exit**
**Detectors**

- beam

- magnet

- target

- e–

**Aerogel**
**Cerenkovs**

**Focal Plane**
**Detectors**

## Basel/UVa/Hall C Moller Polarimeter

- _Sub-1% polarimeter_
- (M. Hauger et al., NIM A462 (2001) 382:
- If injector conditions and foil temperature under control 0.5% precision, but a major disadvantage is that the existing device  is limited to ~1 A

- June 2003 Polarimetry Workshop: Idea is to go to higher currents (100 A) and quasi-continuous measurements by combination of 1  foil and kicker (Basel/Hall C)

- Test at 10 A G0 beam w. 1  foil
- Test with kicker magnet and wire target

- Next test: modify kicker time structure, use “half” a 1  foil

## Qweak Status

- JLab PAC “A” rated experiment. Very positive reviews from NSF and NSERC. Part of a world-wide program of research to test aspects of the Standard Model.
- Strong scientific support for the measurement from both nuclear theory (M. Ramsey-Musolf, W. Haxton, W. Donnelly, J. Friar,......) and the high energy theory community-(W. Marciano & P. Langacker, J. Erler).
- Capital funding (NSF/NSERC/University matching = $1.4M, DOE/JLAB “infrastructure” - AC, DC, cooling water, installation manpower, recycled G0 beamline systems, < $1.9M)
- The collaboration is continuing to expand and attract interest.  Major contributions come from MIT/Bates and University of Manitoba
- On track for a ~3.5 year construction effort with possible installation in late calendar 07.

## Illustration of the Qweak Experiment

**Illustration of the Qweak Experiment**

- Parity-violating elastic electron scattering off a proton target  weak charge of proton Qpweak

## Summary

- Remarkable recovery from Hurricane Isabel
- Simultaneous beam delivery to two very demanding experiments accomplished
- Publications and scientific impact of Jlab research continues to grow
- Archival publications increasing
- Excellent publication records in all three Halls
- Growing theory interest in Jlab results
- Physics interest remains very strong
- Submissions to the PAC are increasing and of very high quality
- Experiments approved have gone from 1/2 to 1/3
- Delivered Physics is solid, 19 weeks to date (planned 18)
- Halls running with high availability
- 101 full experiments and parts of 10 more have been completed