# Presentation: 164095

## Air Quality in São Paulo Metropolitan Area - SPMA

**Air Quality in São Paulo Metropolitan Area - SPMA**

** ****São Paulo State Environmental Agency – CETESB **
** ****Brazil**
**Chemist Jesuino Romano**
**jesuinor@cetesb.sp.gov.br**
**www.cetesb.sp.gov.br **

***U.S. EPA ́s 2005 NATIONAL AIR QUALITY CONFERENCE***
***“******Quality of Air Means Quality of Life”***
***SAN FRANCISCO - February 13-16, 2005***

## SÃO PAULO 

- Most industrialized State in Brazil
- 38 million people
**São Paulo Metropolitan Area  (SPMA)**
- ~8,000 km2
- 45 km from Atlantic Ocean
- Average altitude - 720m
- 39 cities
- 18 million people
- Largest industrialized area in São Paulo State

## SPMA

**Industries**: ~50,000
**Vehicles**:
*Gasohol*:~6,5million          (78%gasoline/22% ethanol)v/v
*Ethanol*: ~1 million
- Diesel: ~450,000 / motorcycles ~500,000
**Summer**:(December-March)
- Rainy season – good ventilation – sea breeze – average max temperature:  30o C
**Winter**: (June-September)
- Low rain - calm hours - low relative humidity  - thermal inversion <200m    -average minimum temperature: 8o C

## Automated Air Quality Network

## Brazilian Air Quality Standards

## Pollutants - Maximum Concentrations 1999-2004

**Pollutants - Maximum Concentrations ****1999-2004**

## Pb - Quarterly Averages of Atmospheric Lead Concentrations (1978, 1983 and 1987)

## CO -  Number of Monthly Exceedances of Standard and Attention Level – 8-hour Average 

** ****(1997-2004)**

## Evolution of Fleet - Light Duty Vehicle

**Evolution of Fleet - Light Duty Vehicle**
** ****(1000 vehicles)**

## CO - Air Quality Trends - Maximum Average Concentrations by Station 

**CO - Air Quality Trends - Maximum Average Concentrations by Station **
** ****(8-hour Average)**

##  CO Emission Factors for LDVs

** ****CO Emission Factors for LDVs**

## SO2 – Trends in Average Concentrations

**SO****2**** – Trends in Average Concentrations**

***Principal Control Measures***
**Industrial**
-  Reduction of sulfur in combustible oil (5%  2.5%1%)
-  Installation of control equipaments
-  Use of natural gas
**Vehicles**
-  Reduction of sulfur in diesel fuel (1.3%  0.5%0.2% ; in gasohol (0.25%  0.12) - SPMA

## PM10 - Number of Monthly Exceedances of Standard and Attention Level – 24-hour Average

**(1997-2004)**

## PM10 - Trends in Average Concentrations

## PM10 – Number of Exceedances of Daily Standard (1998-2004)

## PM2.5 - Annual Average 

**PM****2.5**** - Annual Average**** **

## O3 - Number of Monthly Exceedances of Standard and Attention Level – 1-hour Average  

**(1997-2004)**

## O3 – Number of Exceedances

**O****3**** – Number of Exceedances**
**Standard and Attention Level 1-hour Average (1997-2004)**

## Daily Meteorological Forecast 

- Eta model is the principal meteorological forecast model used operationally by CETESB to provide daily forecast guidance over SPMA.
- Daily meteorological data is provided by Weather Forecast and Climate Studies Center/National Space Research Institute (CPTEC/INPE)

## Other Models 

- Global Model by CPTEC/COLA (Brazilian version 1.2)
- - Resolution: 100km
- - Forecasting: 15 days
- MBAR - Brazilian High Resolution Model by National Institute of Meteorology
- - Resolution: 25km
- - Forecasting: 48 hours
- BRAMS by São Paulo University (Brazilian version 3.1)
- - Resolution: 20km
- - Forecasting: 72 hours

## Ozone Forecast Implementation 

- Two projects are being developed by CETESB and São Paulo University:
**Neural Network**: 24-hour ozone prediction using Eta Model data for Ibirapuera Station
**Photochemical Modeling**: CIT Model using MM5/BRAMS predictions
- - Domain: 350km x 150km
- - Resolution: 5 km

## Public Communications 

- Every day, at 4 PM, CETESB notifies the press of the air quality classification of each station, with next day forecast – either favorable/unfavorable for pollution increase
- Electric signs installed on major avenues show the air quality of each station with index categories: good/adequate/...
- Special press coverage (TV, radio, newspaper) when air quality is bad

## Thank you!