# Presentation: 378914

## A2BE Carbon Capture LLC

- Chief Technology Officer

**A2BE Carbon Capture** LLC
- _[www.algaeatwork.com](http://www.algaeatwork.com/)__ _

**Algae’s Potential for Driving a **
**Carbon Capture and Recycle Industry**
- NREL Seminar Series
- October 11, 2007

## Industrial CO2 Rebalancing

-  Humans
-  Transportation
-  Bacteria & yeast
-  Coal & Gas Fired Power plants
-  Fertilizer and Chemical manufacture

- CO2 Consuming Examples (energy storage)

-  Domestic Crops
-  Forests and grasslands
-  Ocean plankton
-  **C**arbon **C**apture **&** **R**ecycle plants

**Industrial CO2 Rebalancing**

**Industrial intensity**

**Industrial intensity**

## Industrial Intensity CO2 Recycle

- Coal to Liquids (CTL)

- IGCC Power Plants

- Ethanol Plants

- Conventional Coal

- Gas Fired Plants

- Refineries & Reformers

- Concentrated CO2 Emissions

- Biofuels

- Methane

- Feed Protein

- Fertilizer

- Pure Oxygen

- Bio-Plastics

## Photosynthetic Industrialization Harnessing the Power of Nature

**Photosynthetic Industrialization *****Harnessing the Power of Nature***

## Enabling Technology

**Enabling Technology**

- A2BE Machine

- 1 Gallon Incubator

- 100 Gallon Incubator

- 5000 Gallon Experiment

- 130,000 Gallon

## A2BE Machine Characteristics

**A2BE Machine Characteristics**

- (Red) Bio-harvester I & Gas, Liquid, and Product piping

- (Green) Twin 400’ x 20’ x 10” clear plastic closed bioreactor algae growing tubes

- (White) 2’ diameter x 20’ long rollers re-suspend algae, push it through tubes and clean inner surfaces

- (Gray) Bio-harvester II, CO2/Flue gas input, and Pure Oxygen output

-  Assembled modules, formed in-place concrete, barrier over graded earth
-  1⁄2 acre footprint with 75% = 1500 m2 photosynthetic capture area
-  Passive temperature stabilization via conduction + long-wave radiation switch
-  Photo-modulation via internal helical currents + refractive surface structure
-  All biological surfaces are recyclable, inexpensive, and never need sterilization

**Core Claims: Productivity = 55 gms/m2/day yearly average.  Infrastructure cost = $27/m2 photosynthetic**

## Industrial Photosynthesis

-  Operable with indigenous, non-GMO algae species
-  Bio-Secure design resists invasive organisms
-  Adapts to global weather and weather shifts
-  Need not compete with farm land or food
-  Profit without air and water pollution
-  High tech agrarian jobs
-  Near zero water use.
-  Carbon neutral?...Yes, even if you burn the fuel...

## Carbon to Product Mass Balance

**Carbon to Product Mass Balance**

## Economic Value Engine

**Value Summary**
**(based on 1 Metric Ton CO2)**
**Revenue: **
**Oil ****	**** $30**
**Protein****	**** $80**
**Methane ****	**** $27**
**Fertilizer****	**** $28**
**CO2 Credit $25**
**Cost:**
**Nutrients ****	**** $20**
**CBW****	**** $5**
**Net Income: $163**

## Example Legislative Driver

**Lieberman - Warner**

**Legislative Framework**

- 1. 2012 cap will be set at the aggregate CO2 emissions level of 2005
- 2. 2020 cap 10% below 2005
- 3. 2030 cap 30% below 2005
- 4. 2040 cap 50% below 2005
- 5. 2050 cap 70% below 2005

** ****Algae Farms with 18 million A2BE Machines, 9 million acres**

** ****$720 billion infrastructure build-out revenue**

** ****$163 billion/year co-product revenue**

** ****625,000 direct jobs **

**1 Billion Ton Example**

## Ray Nixon Power Plant Example

** ****200 MW, 1.8 million tons CO****2****/year**
** ****16,000 bioreactors provide 50% CO2 capture**
** ****Algae Farm size: 12 Miles****2****, 8,000 acres**
** ****Construction revenue: **_**$640 million**_
** ****Algae Products gross: **_**$150 million/year**_
** ****Local Employment: **_**600 High Tech Jobs**_

**Bio-Prospecting Watershed Map**

**Plant Drainage Assay**

**Power Plant Satellite Photo**

**3 x 4 miles Farm Area**

***Copyright Solar Democracy 2007***

**State of Colorado**

**- Hypothetical Assay -**

## Worst Coal Fired Electric Plants

- 13.3

- 14.1

- 19.7

- 16.3

- 18.8

- 14.9

- CO2 Emissions in Million Tons

- 18.9

- 16.8

- July Rainfall average

## Carbon Negative via Offsets 

**Potential Carbon Negative Power Generation through CO2 Offsets**** **

## Coal/Methane to Liquids Example

**Coal/Methane to Liquids Example**

-  Fischer Tropsch: JP-8, Diesel, Gas, Fertilizer, & Plastics
-  Near term national security need for fossil oil replacement
-  Only problem: High CO2 emissions
-  CO2 100% pure and ideal for algae CC&R process
-  Bio-converting CO2 makes overall process carbon-neutral

**Fischer Tropsch** **Coal & Gas to Liquids? **

**With CC&R FT can be *****Carbon Neutral or Negative***

## Commercialization Components

- Objective

**Consortium **
**Team Approach**

**Commercialization Components**

## The Wedge Challenge

-  **Pacala & Socolow** introduced “stabilization wedges” in 2004 as a way to confront the problem of taking technologies to scale

-  15 technology options identified, each capable of mitigating one gigaton of carbon by 2050.     (equiv. to 3.66 gigaton of CO2)

-  Three of the 15 options pertain to CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS), a relatively novel technology that public push-back could conceivably make CCS as hard to implement as radioactive waste disposal

-  Achieving approximately 7 wedges will avoid the most dangerous climate change and requires an unprecedented peacetime mobilization of resources

**The Wedge Challenge**

## A Carbon Capture & Recycle Wedge

**1 GT Carbon**

**A Carbon Capture & Recycle Wedge**

**Making a $600Bil/yr Carbon Capture & Recycle Wedge**

-  800,000 acres/year
-  $66 Billion building/year
-  57,000 new jobs/year
-  $15 Billion revenue growth

**Yearly**

**40 years**

**Total for 1 Wedge**

-  33 Million CC&R acres
-  $2.6 Trillion build-out
-  2.3 Million direct jobs
-  $600 Billion revenue/year

- 1 GT Carbon = Carbon in 3.66 Billion tons of CO2

## Commercialization Timeline

-  **Finalize** Collaborative and obtain initial financing
** ****1st Qtr 2008** Lab and Personnel Infrastructure
-  **2008** 1/3 Scale experimental bioreactor
-  **2009** Full Scale experimental Bioreactor & pilot
-  **2010 **Full scale Bioreactor optimization
-  **2011** Commercial design refinement
-  **2012** Commercial scale A2BE plant construction

## Summary 

- A Carbon Capture & Recycle strategy shifts the CO2 emissions debate from a problem of cost to an Opportunity to Prosper.

- A2BE’s proposed Photosynthetic Recycle Industry is globally scaleable, technically feasible, environmentally sound, and financially lucrative.

**C****arbon ****C****apture ****&**** ****R****ecycle** as a global reality.

- will induce

- (legislative cap & trade or carbon tax)

- A carbon price signal