# Presentation: 788034

## Global Ocean Observing System 

-  Some call it the WOW

## GOOS Objectives 

- Specify (space, time, quality) the ocean data needed on a continuing basis
- Implement an internationally coordinated strategy for ocean data gathering and exchange
- Facilitate the development of uses and products of these data and encourage their application for the protection of the environment

## Global Observing Systems

- Climate - GCOS
- Terrestrial - GTOS
- Ocean – GOOS
- WWW and GAW (chemical)
- Global Observing Systems Information Center  _[www.gosic.org](http://www.gosic.org/)_

## GOOS Background

**On-going activities (IGOSS from the early 70s, GLOSS from the early 80s, CPR since the 40s, and many more)**
**POMS – Pilot Ocean Monitoring Study 1979 (SCOR, IOC, JOC for GARP)**
**WOW suggested at the IOC from mid 1980s to early 1990s **
**TOGA, WOCE, IGBP – 1980s and 1990s **
**CCCO’s Ocean Observing System Development Program (OOSDP) in the 1980s (first action plan 1984) **
**A special OOSD-P**anel** then produced a plan for An Ocean Observing System for Climate (1995) which formed the basis for initial GOOS activities **
** **

**Notes:**
TOGA – tropical network, TAO
WOCE – 2nd objective

## GOOS Today

- Global Implementation through enhancement of traditional observing systems (SL, drifters etc)
- Regional planning and Implementation by GOOS Regional Alliances (GRAs)
- Coastal program planning (COOP)
- Pilot Projects
- ARGO
- GODAE
- CARBON
- COOP (RAMP, CAOS, PhytoNet, ---)
- Strong Reliance on Satellites

**Notes:**
Moorings, XBTs, floats(ALACE in 1998) 

##   GOOS Regional Alliances

** ****NEAR**
** ****GOOS**

**  ****SEA GOOS**

**GRASP**

**PI-GOOS**

**IOCARIBE**
**      ****GOOS**

**  ****IO**
**GOOS**

**GOOS-AFRICA**

**Euro**
**GOOS**

**Black Sea GOOS**

** ****Med**
** ****GOOS**

**   ****Euro**
**GOOS**

**A**
**F**
**R**
**I**
**C**
**A**

**US GOOS**

**WA GOOS**

**Trop**
**South**
**Atlan**
**GOOS**

## Data Delivery

- Surface Drifters (SVP/GTS) – 95%
- Sea Level - Fast 86%, MSL 76%
- XBTs (GTS) – roughly 70%
- ARGO – 95%
- Moorings (GTS) - Good

## Observation Trends

**Drifters (SVP) - up 15% 2001-2003**
**Sea Level **
**FAST - 10 stations added 2003**
**MSL - stable since 1998 **
**XBT- Down 27% 1999-2003 0verall**
**	**** ****but HDX growing steadily **
**ARGO - Up, up and away**
**Moorings – primary arrays - encouraging**
**	****	****	****      ****Others - erratic **

**Notes:**
XBT – drop applies to the GOOS requirement as well as the overall XBT program

Mean Sea level  - remained stable in 2003 but sites are being upgraded with either GPS or DORIS
Reference Wopplemen site-list of DORIS/GPS stations

 Tropical Ocean, Animate, MARNET, Antarctic etc, etc 

Moorings – need more information, define basic global and regional sets. Host of multi year (4-5) studies
that could turn into operational sets. 

## Slide 9

## Surface Drifter Program(Requirement -1250 by 2005)

- Jan 2002: 1207 overall,  652 SVP/GTS
- Jan 2003: 1249     “       714      “
- Jan 2004: 1459     “	     908      “
- 			  1598	     905
- Measurements (SVP) – Jan 2004
- SST-837/835
- SLP-336/326		(May 2004)
- Wind-40/27

**Notes:**
SVP types (GTS above) – general agreement between JCOMMOPS, Meds and the Global Drifter Center
SVP are the primary GOOS type of drifter

18 countries participating Jan 2004  Feb 2004 overall was 1599/902

## XBT Program

- High Density lines (HDX)
- 4 transects/yr/50km spacing
- Frequently Repeated Lines (FRX)
- 18 transects/yr/150km spacing
- Low Density lines (LDX)
-  12 transects/yr/150km spacing

## Slide 12

## High Density XBT Program

- Overall Program - 27 lines plus Med
- 2002 -19 lines/73 transects - 96%
- 2003 -19 lines/64 transects - 84%
- 2002/3 8 of 27 not done at all
- Med underway since 1999
- 	8 lines operated early on, presently 2
- New Brazilian Line starting June 2004
- Victoria –Trinidade, 6 transects/yr

**Notes:**
FRX – 30 lines,  LDX – 77 unique

Indian Ocean:  IX28 roughly 145E, Best IX line is really in the Pacific, Hobart to Dumont d’urville 
IX1 only line in 2002. One transect means 1 of 16.  2002: 2100 of 12000(17%) drops on all types of lines.
21 0f 30 lines not done  	

Japan – IX10, 14 trips, 147 drops in 2002 between 78E and 95E(about 1/3 of the line). Line goes to 45E
LD requires 38, HD requires 114

Over sampling – one mans over sampling is another’s research data.

Participants: HDX US, Australia, Japan, Germany, (France, Chile, Argentina help)

Med will require about 1000 more/year (10 lines all HD in 2004+), operating MX5 and MX9 currently.
Ploce-Malta and Croatia-Italy. Well sampled at HD, 12nm spacing. Original MFSPP in 1999-2000
occupied MX 1,2,3,4, 5, 6 and 7

## 2003 FRX and LDX XBTS 

- FRX operated at the 25% level
- 3 of 30 lines done well, 11 partially
- LDX operated at 10%

**Notes:**
30 FRX, half not done, most of those done are partial
IX1, IX12, PX18 fine,  AX8 and AX10 done well in HDX mode

143 lines overall

## Sea Level - GLOSS

- Core Network - 290 MSL stations
- Subsets
- Ocean Circulation (OC)
- Long Term Trends
- Altimeter calibration
- Fast Delivery - 142 stations

## OC Sea level Subset 

- Pairs of stations
- Across narrow straits not suitable for altimetry
- Across wider straits, choke points and basin-sections to measure transport variability of particular interest
- Along polar coastlines, especially Antarctica, where winter ice precludes altimetry
- 19 locations (68 possible sites) identified

## MOORINGS

**Basic GOOS network at present - National off-shore and tropical (TAO, TRITON, PIRATA)**
**Overall reported by JCOMMOPS April 2004**
**357 from 13 countries**
**GTS/183  SST/174  SLP/117  wind/161  sub-T/72**
**USA  117          115            73             108             49**
**	**** ****Japan 12             10              9                 9             10****	**
**	**** ****UK         7              5               5                 4               0**
**	**** ****Can     21****	****  21****	****         21               21               0**

## Slide 19

## Final statement - summary

- _[world_map_geo.jpg](file:///../../Bert%20Thompson/My%20Documents/world_map_geo.jpg)_

## ARGO+

- 1240 Active May 2004
- 895 funded for 2004
- 2405 funded 2005-2007
- Few others around
- Med, Black Sea
- Target: 04-1800, 05-2500, 06-3000
- Expected life of an ARGO float is 4 years
- 140 profiles, one every 10 days

## ARGO Network May 2004

## GOOS Coastal Program

- Integrated* strategic design plan completed and issued 2003 with subsystems for
- Monitoring
- Data acquisition, management, dissemination
- Assimilation and analysis
- Implementation plan finalized June 2004 and issued December 2004
- 		*C-GOOS, LMR and HOTO

## Initial Subsystem for Coastal Observations 

- Physical: SL, temp, sal, currents, waves, bathymetry, shoreline position, sediment grain size, attenuation of solar radiation
- Chemical: sediment organic content, dissolved inorganic N, P and S, dissolved oxygen
- Biological: benthic biomass, phytoplankton biomass, faecal indicators
- Some Others: seabirds, oil, metals, pesticides

## Pre 2000 Coastal Monitoring Meteorology               Oceanography

- Pre 2000 Coastal Monitoring Meteorology               Oceanography

## Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE)

- 				1st Objective
- Apply state of the art ocean models and
- assimilation methods to produce:
- Short -range open ocean forecasts,
- boundary conditions to extend predictability of coastal and regional subsystems, and
- initial conditions for climate forecast models

## GODAE 

- 			          2nd Objective
- 	Provide global ocean analyses for:
- 	developing improved
- Understanding of the of the oceans
- Assessments of the predictability of ocean variability,
- a basis for improving the design and effectiveness of GOOS

## GODAE Phases

- Development 2000-2002
- Demonstration 2003-2005
- Consolidation and establishment of permanent systems. Transition to operational systems. 2006-2007