# Presentation: 093163

## PROJECT 1640

**Ian Parry, David King, Steve Medlen**
**	****	****	****	****	****	**
**	**
**	****	****	****	****	****	****	****	****http://lyot.org**

**PROJECT 1640**
**AN ANCILLARY OF**** **

## Digital Universe: http://haydenplanetarium.org

## Planets are complex

- _Vogt-Russell Theorem_: “mass and chemical composition are sufficient to determine the structure, evolution and outward appearance of a star completely”
- Planets have a diversity possibly unmatched in astronomy, and the theorem does not apply

- Terrestrial Planets to scale

- Giants to scale

- The onset of complexity perhaps begins in the brown dwarf mass range where age is needed as well.
- In coolest or lowest mass BDs, more complexity:  The chemistry and SEDs are drastically affected by minor changes in composition, mass, age

**A few simple parameters are insufficient to determine a planet’s salient features.**

## 3.6 m telescope atop Haleakela (Maui)

- 941 actuator AO system
- 80-90% Strehl at H-Band
- Optimized, diffraction-limited coronagraph
- 30 stars observed (1 candidate planet, 7 BDs, 3 disks)
- Differential Polarimeter working
- Integral Field Unit being built now

## Planet and Brown Dwarf Sensitivity

**Planet and Brown Dwarf Sensitivity**

**Lyot Project**
**Discovery Space**

**    ****Known but**
**unseen**
**exoplanets**
**(Marcy et al. **
**2003)**

**Notes:**
Note Log-log plot:  new discovery space represents an improvement of 2 to 3 orders of magnitude

## Some Nearby Star

**H-Band**
**15 minute exp.**

- Speckles are the bane of any exoplanet imager, even in space!

- Weird colors
- (i, z, J, H, K)
- Companionship
- confirmed

- Oppenheimer et al. in prep.

**H-Band**
**S ~ 80-90%**

## Dynamic

- Hinkley et al. 2006, astro-ph/0609337

**Vega**
**Companion**
**Mass limits**

**Dynamic **
**Range**

- Polarimetry
- Speckle subtraction

**Current **
**Performance**

## HR4796

- Oppenheimer et al., in prep.

## Project 1640: Integral Field UnitSeeing through the speckles

**Data Cube Movie**
**10 nm Steps**
**S ~ 90%**
** ****= 1.6 ********m (1.0 at left)**
**Planet has flat spectrum**
**AO Performance**
**   ****matched to current**
**   ****AEOS performance**

## Optics

- R ~ 30-100 lenslet-based IFU
- J-H band (1-1.85 μm)
- 4” FOV (200x200 spatial pixels)
- First Light Jan 2008

- ~0.5 m

- Dewar is Identical to PHARO’s

- HAWAII-II Array

- Lenslet Array

- Prism

## Planet and Brown Dwarf Sensitivity

**Planet and Brown Dwarf Sensitivity**

**PALM3000 + P1640**
**Discovery Space**

**    ****Known but**
**unseen**
**exoplanets**
**(Marcy et al. **
**2003)**

**Notes:**
Note Log-log plot:  new discovery space represents an improvement of 2 to 3 orders of magnitude, with sufficient observing time, hundreds of planets.

## Project 1640 Passed CDR

**Project 1640 Passed CDR**

**Fully funded ($1.8M)**

**Design Review included 4 external people:**
**Jamie Lloyd (Cornell), James Larkin (UCLA), David Schiminovich (Columbia)**
**Russ Makidon (STScI)**
**Recommendation:**
**“****collaboration with the Palomar **
**Observatory should be sought **
**immediately** **to put the team and **
**Palomar at the forefront of high **
**contrast science”**

- July at AMNH

**Concept: Bring 1640 to 200”**
**	****put it and a small version of Lyot **
**	****behind the 3000 actuator AO system**

## P1640 with PALM3000

**P1640 with PALM3000**

**PALAO (prior to upgrade): **1-2 magnitude improvement over AEOS
- 	but much fainter stars are accessible
**LGS: ****	**Galaxies
- 	Solar System science (eg Kuiper belt moon spectroscopy)
- 	Young stars
- 	Debris disk science - spatially resolved chemistry
- 	M-dwarf companions
- 	Evolved star astrophysics

**Unique capability for years to come**
**	**Gemini Planet Imager and VLT’s SPHERE slated for late 2010
- 	and both are in the south, and perhaps only marginally more sensitive
- Hundreds of planets, circumstellar disk chemistry, disk evolution

**We have the money, the people and an instrument.**
**Palomar is the best place in the world suited to do this work**

## Ten Years of Coronagraphy

**A Decade of ****Coronagraphy**

- Part of Palomar’s
- Heritage is
- Cutting-dege
- Coronagraphy