BEE-spoke-data/govdocs1-by-extension huggingface dataset:
# Presentation: 524319

## Safety Briefing- Friday

- Exits
- Railing by breakfast area
- Drive Safety going home
- Safety Checkpoint 520 & AIA tonight Programs
- UV Index today Moderate 5
- Launch 5:39 pm, Atlas Rocket

## OSHA Recording

- Joan Spenser, Compliance Officer, U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Tampa Florida Area Office
- OSHA Record keeping Standard

## Health Programs

- Reporting Workers’ Comp data to Center Management
- End of March-Some centers asked      Ofc. Chief Health & Med. Officer review   of NASA Occupational Health Program

## Center Health Programs Highlights

- Safety Program Reporting more robust
- Dryden (clinic, MD on TDY ops, Shuttle landings)
- JSC (JCAHO, EMS services-hyper/hypobaric chambers)

## Center Health Programs Highlights

- HQ (New ergo chairs on the way, anthrax response)
- Ames (new ambulance, looking at training)
- Marshall (new fitness center)

## Center Health Programs Highlights

- Some centers did not present on or minimal reporting on Occ. Health Programs (Glenn, Kennedy, Goddard/Wallops, JPL, SSC)
# Presentation: 779355

## GFE Best Methodology	

- Foot prints are not permanent in the sand--neither are grids in GFE, but they are a step in time.

## Forecast Challenge

- Low temperature forecasts.
- Reason--the terrain consists of five major river valleys

## Best Methodologies

- Edit areas to refine temperatures in river valleys.
- Application to generate and send web graphics at the end of the forecast process.

## Edit Areas

- The river basins result in a two to three hundred foot rise.
- The topography for Nebraska has a rise from the Southeast corner of the state at 836 feet on the Missouri River to 5424 feet in the Southwest Corner of Kimball County in the Panhandle.

## Low Temperatures Grids

- Edit areas are defined for the North Platte and South Platte river valley and the five large river basins.
- Grids are loaded then smart tools such as SERP, Smooth, Temp_adjust_input, or Adjust_Value_Down/Up used to complete the blending.

## Best Methodology

-    Web images generated at end of Forecast Process in the background-- than as a Product Generate in GFE.

## Graphic Images

- Web image graphics generated and sent to the Central Region via a satellite icon ran in the background.
- Alert Reminder and Term window displays for forecasters to view web graphic image process.

## Web Generate Application

- Application ftpparent.pl
- #! /usr/local/perl/bin/perl
- system (“/awips/dev/bin/localapps/ifpsImage2Web/delimages.sh”);
- system (“/awips/dev/bin/localapps/ifpsImage2Web/imagegen.sh”);
- system (“date”);
- print (“Sleeping for the next 10 seconds.\n”);
- sleep (10);
- print (“Images will now be transferred to the web server.\n”);
- system (“/awips/dev/bin/localapps/ifpsImage2Web/ftp2web.sh”);

## Pros 	

- Images generate once at the end of the forecast process.
- Time required to wait on web graphics to be generated reduced.
- Allows forecasters to continue in GFE process with all products issued prior to web graphics generated.

## Questions ?
# Presentation: 448068

## Update: b-jet cross section(s)(w/ Andreas & Greg)

- Matching Tests
- Jet pT corrections

- Rob Snihur – McGill University
- CDF Canada mtg., Sept. 04, 2007

## Matching Tests

- Use matching for
- Tagging efficiency (requires a ~pure sample of MC b-jets)
- B-fraction (tagged jets matched to MC b-jets)
- Absolute pt-jet corrections (cal jets to hadron jets)
- Matching details matter!
- Metric: use delta-r
- Pt ordering
- All jets or selected jets
- Kinematic cuts
- Tag = +-1?
- Parton ID = uds, c, b, g
- Direction of matching

## Cartoons

- h

- 1

- 1

- 2

- 2

- 3

- x

- y

- z

- Cal	Had
- _1_		1
- 2		2
- 		3

- Cal	Had
- _1_		1
- 2		2
- 		3

- x

- y

## Delta R Plots: cal vs had

- Top: me (old)
- Bottom: Greg (new)

## Deriving jet pT corrections

- On a jet-by-jet basis, correct the measured pT(cal)  pT(hadron)
- Absolute
- Relative
- Offset (due to UE, MI, etc.)
- Must also be consistent with unfolding corrections
- Corrects the shape of pT spectrum due to resolution effects
- Follow kT, demonstrate 2 methods
- Bin in pT of calorimeter jets
- Bin in pT(mean) = (pT(cal) + pT(had)) / 2

## Absolute jet pT correction

- Match cal jets to hadron jets
- Plot
- pT(had) - pT(cal)
- pT(had) / pT(cal)
- Versus pT(cal) & pT(mean)
- Extract mean y-values and x-values
- Plot & fit it

## pT(had) in bins of pT(cal)

- h

## pT(had)-pT(cal) in bins of pT(cal)

- h

## pT(had)/pT(cal) in bins of pT(cal)

## pT(had) in bins of pT(mean)

## pT(cal) in bins of pT(mean)

## pT(had)-pT(cal) in bins of pT(mean)

## pT(had)/pT(cal) in bins of pT(mean)

## Immediate next steps

- From the previous plots, extact mean values.  For the following plots
- pT(had)-pT(cal) vs pt(cal) in bins of pT(cal)
- pT(had)/pT(cal) vs pt(mean) in bins of pT(mean)
- Fit these with a polynomial

## Plans and next steps

**Analyze new MC**
**Unfolding correction**
**Reweighting**
**To match the data pT spectrum**
**Theory**

## Taggable Efficiency?

- Only “taggable” jets get a tag value
- Taggable def’n: Not only pt and eta/y cuts
- See y vs. pt  plots of JetClu and SecVtx
- Number of tracks?
# Presentation: 690759

## ABS Global Donates Historic Beef & Dairy Collection to NAGP

- ABS Global is the world’s largest cattle AI company
- They kept samples on every bull they sold
- In March 2005, decided to donate this collection & the tanks containing it to NAGP
- This historic collection contains ~213,000 units from ~5,500 bulls
- This collection contains top beef & dairy bulls from 40 breeds that were used by the industry over the past 50+ years
- Collection includes bulls born 1939 through the 1990’s
- Samples have already been requested from the repository & used by researchers to explore the bovine genome

- A tank from the ABS donation – circa 1960 – developed by the Linde Division of Union Carbide in conjunction with ABS

| Breed | Name | No. daughters |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Holstein | Wa-Del Convincer-ET | 82,862 |
| Holstein | Paclamar Bootmaker | 27,313 |
| Holstein | Roylane Jordan-ET | 50,581 |
| Angus | Bon View New Design 878 | 11,246 |
| Angus | Basin Max 602C | 2,563 |
| Angus | G T Maximum | 5,505 |

- Examples of major bulls in historic collection
# Presentation: 787283

## Abbreviated 510(k)s

- OIVD 510(k) Workshop
- Veronica Calvin
- April 22-23, 2003

## Abbreviated 510(k)

- Relies on the use of guidance documents1, special controls2, and recognized consensus standards3.
- 1http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfggp/search.cfm or CDRH Facts-on-Demand (800-899-0381)
- 2Section 513(a)(1)(B) of the FD&C Act
- 3http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/stdsprog.html or CDRH Facts-on-Demand

## Abbreviated 510(k) Contents

- Required elements in 21 CFR 807.87
- Summary report – use of guidance document and/or special control(s) during device development and testing
- Declaration of conformity to recognized standard
- Data/information to address issues not covered by guidance documents, special control(s), and/or recognized standards

## Declaration of Conformity

- Identify the applicable standard that was met.
- Specify that all requirements were met, except for inapplicable requirements or deviations noted below.
- Identify any way in which the standard may have been adapted for application to the device under review.
- Identify any requirements that were not applicable to the device.
- Specify any deviations from the standard that were applied.
- Specify differences, if any, between the tested device and the device to be marketed, and justify the use of test results in these areas of difference.
- Provide the name and address of a test laboratory or certification body involved in determining the conformance of the device with the standard and a reference to any accreditations of those organizations.

## Why Submit an Abbreviated 510(k)?

- Summary reports on the use of guidance documents and/or special controls or declarations of conformity to recognized standards *may *result in an “expedited” review.
# Presentation: 063385

## 2004 Restoration TeamMeeting

## Evaluation

## How often should wehave this type of meeting?

## Illegal Dumping Prevention

## Illegal DumpingEnforcement Workshop

- Over 120 participants from city, county, and tribal governments as well as DOI agencies.
- Resolution of support from Riverside County Board of Supervisors.  Attended by two Supervisors.
- Covered by four local TV stations

## Sponsors

- DMG
- Riverside County BOS
- Coachella Valley Association of Governments
- City of Palm Springs
- Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians
- California Hazardous Materials Investigators Association
- Keep California Beautiful

## Deliverables

- Illegal Dumping Enforcement Toolkit
- Illegal Dumping Enforcement Video
- Radio Public Service Announcements

## Evaluation

## Do you think the number of illegal dumping cases you make might increase because of this workshop?

## So what’s next?

- IDEW for San Bernardino County
- Tribal IDEW
- SCAG
- Dumping Summit
# Presentation: 130984

## FARM LABOR HOUSING CRISIS

## NO 
WORKERS 
NO 
food?
Food?
Food?

Food?

- WORKERS
- NO
- food?
- Food?
- Food?
- Food?

- FARM LABOR HOUSING CRISIS

## FARM LABOR HOUSING CRISIS

- Three years of concerted effort on the part of the community have been met with nothing but lip service, emails and letters...
- BUT NO ACTION

- Dozens of letters have been written to Congress, State, Federal and Local Agencies with no resolution including the following...

- FARM LABOR HOUSING CRISIS

## FARM LABOR HOUSING CRISIS

- Rural Development  Jun 05’, Mar 06’, Dec 06’
- Sec. of Agriculture – Michael Johanns  Nov 06’
- Colorado Division of Housing – Jun 06’
- Senator Ken Salazar – Jun 06’, Jan 08’
- Senator Wayne Allard – Sep 06’
- Rep. Ray Rose – Sep 06’
- Rep. Scott McInnis – Sep 06’
- Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell – Sep 06’
- Montrose County Commissioners – 1996, 1997

## 
We have a federally funded 72-bed dormitory sitting spotlessly empty  in the agricultural heartland of the Western Slope, waiting for workers who are eager to utilize the facility, but are statutorily excluded from admission due to their status

- We have a federally funded 72-bed dormitory sitting spotlessly empty  in the agricultural heartland of the Western Slope, waiting for workers who are eager to utilize the facility, but are statutorily excluded from admission due to their status

- THE PROBLEM

- FARM LABOR HOUSING CRISIS

## The Dormitory cannot admit the very workers that it was initially built for...

Migrant Farmworkers 

- Migrant Farmworkers

- FARM LABOR HOUSING CRISIS

## FARM LABOR HOUSING CRISIS

- THE CULPRIT

- Title V of the Housing Act of 1949 §514(f) – The statutory definition of person eligible for residency in farm labor properties is “...citizens of the United States or persons legally admitted for _*permanent*__* *_*residence*.”

- 59 Years Ago

## THE SOLUTION

- Title V of the Housing Act of 1949 §514(f) – The statutory definition of person eligible for residency in farm labor properties is “...citizens of the United States or persons **legally **admitted for permanent *residence*.”

- “REMOVE  _ONE_ WORD!”

- 59 Years Ago

## In February 08’ the Bush Administration announced plans to overhaul the “notoriously inefficient” federal guest worker program, seeking instead to provide more legal workers to American farmers. 
                        President, George W. Bush 

Our solution does exactly
THAT!

-                         *President, **George W. Bush *
**Our solution does exactly**
**THAT!**

- FARM LABOR HOUSING CRISIS

## SUPPORT COLORADO GROWERS

- WE NEED YOUR HELP NOW, NOT WHEN MARKET SHELVES ARE EMPTY,. EMPTY.. EMPTY.. EMPTY.. EMPTY
# Presentation: 150406

## Polar AVE Validation CampaignPease Field, Portsmouth, NHJanuary 24 – February 9, 2005

- Polar AVE Validation CampaignPease Field, Portsmouth, NHJanuary 24 – February 9, 2005

- R. McPeters and M. Kroon
- Aura Validation Meeting, Pasadena, CA
- 1 March, 2005

## OMI Validation Goals

**Ozone column & strat/trop validation **
-    ozone column above aircraft for OMI tropospheric ozone calculation
-    accuracy of ozone retrieval at high solar zenith angle** **
-    accuracy of OMI in deriving above-cloud ozone
**2. Cloud Properties****	**
-    validation of cloud heights and cloud fraction derived from OMI
**3.  NO****2**** retrievals**
**    **boundary layer urban pollution** **

## Payload Instruments

| Instrument | Experimenter | Product |
| --- | --- | --- |
| AROTAL | McGee | Ozone & temperature profile (above) |
| DIAL | Browell | Ozone and aerosol profile (above and below) |
| FastOz | Avery | In situ ozone |
| FTIR | Coffey | NO2, HNO3, CH4, etc.  (slant column) |
| CAFS | Shetter | O3 column |
| ASUR | Nothalt | ClO, HCl, N2O, HNO3, CO |
| DACOM | PT | CH4, ClO, HCl, N2O, HNO3, CO |
| TD-LIF | Cohen | NO2 |
| ICATS | facility | In situ temperature  |
| MTP | Mahoney | Temperature profile |

## Flight summary

- Jan 24 – ferry flight
- Dryden to Pease (polar vortex)
- Jan 27 – science 1
- Polar flight – Aura MLS track to Resolute (75N)
- Jan 29 – science 2
- NO2 outflow – east coast to Wallops then Hudson Bay
- 4 coincident sondes
- Jan 31 – science 3
- Polar flight - Aura MLS track to Resolute (75N)
- Feb 3 – science 4
- NO2 outflow – to Wallops, west to Ohio, then up to Hudson Bay
- Feb 5 – science 5
- Polar flight – up MLS track to Resolute, then west to next orbit track
- Feb 7 – science 6
- TES nadir track to Newfoundland, then south on HRDLS track
- Feb 9 – ferry flight
- Overfly Boulder  - sonde
- Boulder Dobson #65   (344 DU total column ozone)

## Slide 5

**Notes:**
CAFS ozone with  constant amount added for below aircraft amount compared with OMI ozone field

## Slide 6

**Notes:**
CAFS in green with constant amount added

## CAFS vs. OMI, 01/29/2005

## Conclusions

- Polar AVE
- Ozone lidars give profile for validation strat / trop ozone from OMI (check against sonde ozone profiles)
- CAFS performance at very high SZA (check against lidar and sondes)
- Look-down lidar gives cloud heights
- NO2 in situ  sensor in dive to 300 m checks OMI boundary layer measurement
# Presentation: 258796

## ESMDT 06/16/2008Agenda

- Update on ESM2.1 runs (John/Jasmin)
- Initialization
- Free CO2
- ESM2M and ESM2G status and plans (John/Ron/Elena)
- Generic TOPAZ
- Incorporation of LM3
- Tuning of LM3
- SM-LM3V runs/plans (Ron) (10 min)
- New but related stuff (John)
- Results of ESM2p4 test run
- Ocean acceleration tests (John) (5 min)

## Overall ESMDT Goals

- Equilibrate the pre-human carbon system
- Reproduce observed atmospheric CO2 variability and change in the 19th and 20th centuries
- Study atmospheric CO2, climate and biospheric changes in the coupled carbon-climate system in the 21st century

## ESM2.1 Status (since Sept)

- December version run out 504 years
- Prescribed atmospheric pCO2 drift <10 ppm century-1 !!!
- Free CO2 version run out 100 years – initial drift ~12ppm
- Development efforts to retune land biomass and add sediment CaCO3 to ocean
- Wet versus Dry CO2 debacle
- February Version run out 710 years
- Prescribed atmospheric pCO2 variability ~20 ppm century-1

## 700 year fixed CO2 run

**Free CO****2****!!!**

- 100-year smoother still shows variability beyond our initial tolerance

## 100 year free CO2 run

**Initial Jump, then stable**

## Free CO2 run - seasonality

## Slide 7

## Slide 8

## S. hemis. Total and Ocean CO2 flux

## Slide 10

## Slide 11

## Slide 12

## Slide 13

## ESM2p1 Analysis Needs

- Understanding of why CO2 jumps ~10 ppm when going from fixed to free atmosphere
- Assessment of CO2 variability in model and data
- A new run with the atmosphere feeling only land fluxes to attribute variability
- A new run with land use
- A new run to test radiatively active CO2

## ESM2G and ESM2M plans

- ESM2M = ESM2.1 with MOM4p1 swap
- ESM2G = ESM2.1 with GOLD swap
- Ongoing integration of GOLD and MOM4p1 versions of TOPAZ (Niki Zadeh)
- Should ESM use LM3 code?
- Construction of LM3v model within LM3 code ongoing
- Plan for continuing testing in the ESM2.1 context until ESM2M and ESM2G are ready – getting comfortable running coupled carbon-climate
- Run suite of IPCC scenarios with ESM2M and ESM2G, e.g.
- Long preindustrial controls
- Historical with both prescribed CO2 and emissions
- Set of Low, Med, High prescribed CO2 and emissions stabilization to 2300

## ESM2p4

- Short run to test role of lateral resolution on Topaz

## Slide 17

## Slide 18

## Slide 19

## Slide 20

## Slide 21

## Ocean acceleration tests

- Can we project TOPAZ to an equilibrium state?
- Run for an initial 50 years
- Save out restarts and calculate temporal gradients in tracers over 10-20 years
- Project tracers forward in time 10-100 years
- Iterate steps 2 and 3
# Presentation: 440944

## Developing a Cooperative Wetland Condition Assessment for the Nanticoke Watershed

- <date/time>

- The Research Stage
- David Bleil
- MD
- Department of Natural Resources

## Project Goals

- Develop Skills in Wetland Condition Surveying at the Watershed Level.
- Develop a consistent data set of known quality and maximum usefulness.
- Add Wetland Condition to Department’s landscape focus.
- Meet CWA Sect. 305 (b) reporting requirements for unmodified wetlands

## Integration of Field and GIS Expertise

- Departmental Reorganization Integration of field evaluation staff and GIS landscape analysis and remote sensing staff.
- Departmental focus on watershed- based integrated resource management

## Slide 4

## Developing A Cooperative Interstate Venture in the Nanticoke

- Data Sharing agreements –MSGICC requirements
- Data acquisition for Level 1 assessments
- Prior HGM reclassification of Nanticoke wetlands by NWI.

- Cooperative scheduling of field work & training
- Cooperative protocol development for level 2 & 3 assessment

## Working with Volunteers

- Part of the initial plan
- Requires resources to recruit, train, organize & equip -- no free lunch!
- Can supplement staff expertise
- Builds public support
- Liability issues are not trivial
- State vehicle policy
- Health & safety
- Volunteers can easily work across political boundaries

## Slide 7

## Maximizing Data Usefulness across state agencies

- DNR
- Integrated resource assessment – quality of natural systems
- Watershed Restoration Action Strategies
- Green Infrastructure assessment

- MDE
- Regulatory focus
- Site specific applications– impacts and restorations
- Water quality monitoring responsibilities

## Optimizing Data Usefulness Within State Agencies

- Integration of spatially random sample design for wetland condition  surveys with the MD Biological Stream Survey.
- Integration with the stream condition surveys of  WRAS development

- Integration of tiered assessment approach and level 3 vegetation sampling with the Green Infrastructure ground truth assessment.
- Integration of wetland condition field data with GIS analysis.

## Lessons learned

- To be applied

## Water in the wetlands may be visible and measurable only during portions of a year

- Index of condition will be based on vegetation.
- Vegetation is impacted by hydrology.
- Vegetation impacts hydrology

## Now you see

- Now you see it...

## And now you don’t

## Level 1 – GIS Assessment

- Nanticoke study benefited from recent NWI update – data not available statewide yet.
- Limits of accuracy of level 1 set by spatial data quality and currency.
- Field verification is required even for “non-impacted” wetlands
- Wetlands are embedded in a dynamic landscape and react to their surroundings.

## Key:

- Red Outline= NWI boundaries
- Red dots = GPS points
- Black line = SHA road

## Slide 16

## Future needs

- Improved spatial data: resolution, positional accuracy, temporal accuracy
- Extended HGM classification of wetlands maps statewide
- Additional botanical expertise for field staff
# Presentation: 685813

**Richard J. Strasser, Jr.**
**Chief Financial Officer &**
**Executive Vice President**

- Mailers' Technical
- Advisory Committee

**FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE**
**QUARTER I, FY 2004**

- MTAC

## FY 2004 – QTR I (Oct. 1 – Dec 31)

**Income Statement**

**FY 2004 – QTR I (Oct. 1 – Dec 31)**

## FY 2004 – QTR I (Oct. 1 – Dec 31)

_**Change from FY 2003**_

**Revenue $18,217M**

**Forecast**

**Actual**

**FY 2004 – QTR I (Oct. 1 – Dec 31)**

## FY 2004 – QTR I (Oct 1 – Dec 31)

**Volume**

## FY 2004 – QTR I (Oct 1 – Dec 31)

**Deliveries****	****	****	****	****     141.8M**

## FY 2004 – QTR I (Oct. 1 – Dec 31)

_**Change from FY 2003**_

**$664M**

**FY 2004 – QTR I (Oct. 1 – Dec 31)**

**Expense $16,400M**

**Forecast**

**Actual**

**$272M**

## FY 2004 – QTR I (Oct. 1 – Dec 31)

**Forecast**

**Actual**

**FY 2004 – QTR I (Oct. 1 – Dec 31)**

**Workhour Reduction**

## FY 2004 – QTR I (Oct 1 – Dec 31)

**Career Complement         719,850**

## FY 2004 – QTR I (Oct 1 – Dec 31)

**Productivity**

_**Change From FY 2003**_

## Quarter II – Summary Outlook 

** ****On Track**

** ****$16.7B**

** ****Below Forecast**

**     ****$0.2B**

** ****Above Forecast**

** ****$16.9B**

**Richard J. Strasser, Jr.**
**Chief Financial Officer &**
**Executive Vice President**

- Mailers' Technical
- Advisory Committee

**FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE**
**QUARTER I, FY 2004**

- MTAC
# Presentation: 139318

## FDA/FSIS Food Safety SurveyMethods

- Amy Lando, MPP
- Consumer Studies Team
- Office of Scientific Analysis and Support
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- Food Safety Educators Conference, Orlando, FL
- September 18-20, 2002

## Outline

- Type of information collected
- Survey background and methods
- How FSS data can be used

## Background

- Nationally representative (US) random
- 	dial digit telephone surveys
- 4 waves of data collected:
- 1988, 1993, 1998, 2001
- Sample sizes:  1620 – 4482
- Adults only (Age 18 and up)

## Type of Information Collected

- Food handling behaviors
- Risky food consumption
- Food safety knowledge
- Risk perceptions of getting a foodborne illness
- Experience with foodborne illness and allergies
- Demographic variables

## Questionnaire Development

- Needs of the FDA and USDA
- Tracking questions
- Minimize socially desirable answers
- Rotate multi-part questions
- Keep survey as short as possible
- Cognitive Interviews
- Pretests

## Sample Selection and Data Collection for 2001

-  The interview process
- Sampling frame:  All households with telephone in US
- Hholds selected using Random Digit Dialing procedure:  GENESYS
- Computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI)

## Maximize Response Rate

- Advance letter
- Minimum of 18 calls to establish contact
- Designated Respondents who initially refuse sent a letter encouraging participation
- Spanish language interviewer
- Survey fielded over 4 month period

## Data Quality

- FDA staff member participated in interviewer training
- Supervisor monitors interviews
- Production rates and sample disposition monitored daily for problems

## Data Weights

- Each wave adjusted for design weight
- # of adults in household
- # of phone lines
- Each wave adjusted for population
- 	distribution:
- Current Population Survey:  gender, race, education

## Food Safety Survey Data Uses

- See how the population is doing as a whole
- Can look at subpopulations
- Benchmark for the nation
- Multiple food safety topics in one survey

## Use of FSS Data by Educators

- Help to determine where/how Food Safety Education should be targeted: topics and subgroups
- Compare effects of targeted programs with national trends
- Can use the same questions as those on the FSS

## Limitations of Survey Data

- Self reporting behavior:  a potential problem
- Other methods: Not nationally representative
- In home studies
- Focus groups
- Local surveys

## Contact Information

- amy.lando@cfsan.fda.gov
# Presentation: 021573

## Tic-Tac-Toe

## Tic-Tac-Toe

## Question # 1

- What is the name of the On-line Booking Engine used by DOI, and what is the name of the E-Gov Travel system the Department will soon be using?

## Answer # 1

- The OBE name is GetThere.
- The E-Gov Travel system name is E2 Solutions.

## Question # 2

- What is the name of DOI’s E-Gov Travel Vendor?

## Answer # 2

- CW Government Travel, Inc.

## Question # 3

- What is the transaction fee for:
- OBE (with Air/Rail):
- OBE Car/Hotel Only:
- Traditional Agent (with Air/Rail):
- Traditional Agent Car/Hotel Only:

## Answer # 3

- The fees are:
- OBE (with Air/Rail): $10.50
- OBE Car/Hotel Only:  $5.00
- Traditional Agent (with Air/Rail): $24.50
- Traditional Agent Car/Hotel Only: $10.00

## Question # 4

- What is the fee for processing vouchers, faxing receipts, and scanning receipts in E2 Solutions?

## Answer # 4

- The fee for processing vouchers in E2 Solutions is $14.00; faxing receipts costs 0.25 per page; scanning receipts is free.

## Question # 5

- What are the three components of E-Gov Travel?

## Answer # 5

- Three components of E-Gov Travel are:
-  Fulfillment (TMC)
-  OBE
-  TAVS

## Question # 6

- What are the six roles in E-Gov Travel?

## Answer # 6

- The six roles in E-Gov Travel are:
- 1) Traveler
- 2) Travel Arranger
- 3) Approver
-  System Administrator
-  Auditor/Examiner
-  A/OPC

## Question # 7

- What is the average OBE percentage of use?  By using the OBE vs. the traditional agent booking, approximately how much has the Department saved since implementing in March 2005?

## Answer # 7

- The average OBE percentage of use from March 05-March 06 is 56%.  The Department has saved approximately $1,055,000 since implementing in March 2005.

## Question # 8

- Who are the Bureau Leads?
-   BIA       			MMS
-   BLM      			NPS
-   BOR    			OSM
-   DO   			USGS
- FWS

## Answer # 8

- The Bureau Leads are:
**BIA:** Sabrina Nolasco/Cathy Lohman
**BLM:**  Cindy Halbert/Ginger Allen
**BOR:**  Shirley Keller/Brenda Barker
**DO:**  Tammy Peyton
**FWS:**  Marvin Wilson, Carolee Zidan, Sandy Sprunt
**MMS:**  Robert Smith
**NPS:**  Barbara Edwards/Kim Nguyen/Angela Terry
**OSM:**  Bernadette Herrera
**USGS:**  Jackie Lynch/Kerry Riley

## Question # 9

- What is the implementation schedule for E-Gov Travel?

## Answer # 9

- The implementation schedule for E-Gov Travel:
- 10/06:  OSM/MMS
- 10/07:  BLM/OS/Gov Works
- 10/08:  NPS
- 10/09:  FWS/USGS
- 10/10:  BIA/BOR

## Slide 21
# Presentation: 428414

## An example of sampling your crops

**An example of sampling your crops**

**Information and pictures by Scott Storey**

## Sample by walking in a “zig zag” or “W” pattern

** ****Walk 15 steps (or about 30 feet) between stops**
**Fields larger than 80 acres should be regarded as two fields**

## At each stop, CAREFULLY pull and examine three tillers, one from left, right and front of you

## On the Glance N’ Go sampling sheet, color in a leaf if tiller has one or more greenbugs on it

## After about five stops (or 15 tillers) add up the number of tillers that had greenbugs and follow the directions on the sampling sheet

## Examples of Treat, Don’t Treat and 

**No Decision**
_**Treat**_** - If the number of tillers with greenbugs is greater than or equal to the number in the Treat box, then stop sampling. The field should be treated!**
_**Don’t Treat**_** - If the number of tillers with greenbugs is equal to or less than the number in the Don’t Treat box, you can stop sampling. The field should NOT be  treated!**
_**No Decision**_** - If the number of tillers with greenbugs falls within the “Keep Sampling”box, you should continue sampling another 15 tillers. **
**If 90 tillers are sampled and you are still sampling, quit sampling. In this case, you can either treat the field or return in 4 to 7 days to resample.**

## For more information about the Greenbug Decision Support System, either visit the site by clicking here or go to our Spring 2004 update by clicking here.
# Presentation: 340035

## Suspicious Activity Report Filing Trend for the State of Rhode Island                                                                                       For the Period April 1, 1996 through December 31, 2007

**Suspicious Activity Report Filing Trend for the State of Rhode Island                                                                                       For the Period April 1, 1996 through December 31, 2007**

***Total SARs: 12,227***

## Characterizations of Suspicious Activity for the State of Rhode Island

- Note:  The pie chart represents the top nine characterizations plus additional characterizations in total.
-            An individual SAR may cite more than one characterization.  Hence, the number of characterizations detailed here significantly exceeds the total number of SARs.

**Characterizations of Suspicious Activity for the State of Rhode Island**
**For the Period April 1, 1996 through December 31, 2007**

## Rhode Island Mortgage Loan Fraud SAR Filing Trend For the Period April 1, 1996 through December 31, 2007

***Total SARs: 203***

- Note:  Suspicious Activity Report statistical data is continuously updated as additional reports are filed and processed.  For this reason, there may be minor discrepancies between the statistical figures contained in this report and those in previous FinCEN reports.  Annual numbers for this exhibit are calculated by ***Subject Address*** and not filer address; therefore, the annual totals appearing in the above graph do not match those in Section 1, Exhibit 8 (Characterization of Suspicious Activity by State & Territory by Year).

## Suspicious Activity Report Geographic Pattern for the State of Rhode Island

**For the Period January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2006**

**Note: Statistics based on Filer Branch Address**

## Suspicious Activity Report Geographic Pattern for the State of Rhode Island

**For the Period January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2007**

**Note: Statistics based on Filer Branch Address**

- Lincoln
# Presentation: 271670

## Implementation of Web Service Technologies in GFDL's FMS Runtime Environment

- Y. Malysheva, S. Nikonov, V. Balaji
- GFDL

*The 7**th** GO-ESSP Workshop*
* **September 17-19 2008,  Seattle, WA*

*September 17**th** 2008*

## Outline

- GFDL FMS Runtime Environment (FRE) is a tool that allows scientists to configure and run experiments using XML configuration files.
- Curator metadata DB is a centralized metadata storage for entire modeling process, populated automatically from FRE XMLs
- The MDB Web Interface uses the Curator DB as the backend to allow scientists to see and interact with the experiment metadata in a user-friendly way
- The Analysis web service is a part of the Interface that lets users generate analysis figures from pre-existing data on the fly; they can then view and download the figures through the interface.

*September 17**th** 2008*

## Metadata Flow

**Config data**

**metadata**

**metadata**

*September 17**th** 2008*

## Interface Overview

- Experiment Navigation

- Feature Tabs

- Tab Content

*September 17**th** 2008*

## Interface technology

- OpenID is used for login and identification
- The front end uses JavaScript and the ExtJS Rich Internet Application library
- It uses Ajax to communicate with the back end when requesting sets of data
- The Java/JSP back end accesses the Curator Database to bring up requested metadata.

*September 17**th** 2008*

## Interface Technology(cont.)‏

- The Analysis figure generation feature utilizes a web service
- The web service launches a sequence of scripts on the GFDL computer system:
- Generation of Ferret script
- Launching the Ferret script on the HPCS
- Monitoring of the analysis job to report back to the web interface (through curator DB)‏

*September 17**th** 2008*

## Interface Features

- Experiment Overview
- Experiment Search
- Experiment Comparison
- Generation of Analysis Figures
- Job monitoring
- Generation of XML for an experiment

*September 17**th** 2008*

## Experiment Overview

*September 17**th** 2008*

## Search

*September 17**th** 2008*

## Compare

*September 17**th** 2008*

## Analysis Figures

*September 17**th** 2008*

## Analysis Generation Structure

**Variable metadata_x0002_**

- Web Service

- Figure
- generation

- Job Monitor

**Variable metadata_x0002_**

**Job Status info**

*September 17**th** 2008*

## Future Plans

- Features for the Analysis generation
- Model-to-Model comparison
- Different analysis types(e.g.  )‏
- More flexible variable configuration (e.g. comparison of “derived” variables generated from several output variables)‏
- Adding more capabilities for interacting with data through the interface

*September 17**th** 2008*

## Live Demo

*September 17**th** 2008*

## 			Thanks!

- 				Questions?

*September 17**th** 2008*
# Presentation: 687085

## Indonesia : Safety and Security Equipment

- U.S. Commercial Service
- U.S. Embassy Jakarta, Indonesia
- www.buyusa.gov/indonesia

## Safety and Security Equipment  Market in Indonesia

- Increased demand in industrial plants, commercial buildings, public facilities, oil/gas fields, mining operations, airports and seaports
- The size of the market is about $189 million in 2006 with an estimated annual growth rate of 20%
- Sizeable Police Budget:
- 		- 2006: $1.6 billion
- 		- 2007: $ 2.3 billion
- U.S. market share: 15-20%

## Best Prospects

- U.S. manufacturers are strong suppliers of high-quality burglar alarm systems, video surveillance systems, detection systems and x-ray equipment
- The best sales prospects are high technology security equipment such as access control systems, alarm systems, video surveillance systems, metal detectors, and x-ray or screening equipment

## Local and Regional Trade Events

- Name		: Securitex and Fire Indonesia 2007
- Date		: 31 October – 3 November 2007
- Location	: Jakarta, Indonesia
- Website	: www.pamerindo.com

## Thank you &Welcome to Indonesia

- Anasia Silviati
- Commercial Specialist
- Anasia.Silviati@mail.doc.gov

- Richard Rothman
- Commercial Counselor
- Richard.Rothman@mail.doc.gov

- U.S. Commercial Service
- U.S. Embassy Jakarta, Indonesia
# Presentation: 834880

## Overview of Computing at FNAL

- D. Petravick
- November 9, 2005

## Fermilab

## Hadron Physics

- Most powerful particle accelerator in the world.
- Host laboratory for US CMS T1 facility, LPC at FNAL
- LHC particle accelerator at Geneva, Switzerland.

## Broad Experimental Program

## Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics 

- 	Part of the national computational infrastructure established by the Department of Energy.
- One goal calculations  required to extract from experiment the fundamental parameters of the Standard Model of particle physics
- The Lattice Gauge Computational Facility is in the New Muon lab at the north end of the site.

## Massive Data Handling

**Total User Data on Tape) : **

- 3376.901 TB

## Computing goes Global with Grid

- Increasingly part of the computing for Fermilab experiments is provided off-site
- Fermilab has been in the lead in Grid Computing (even before it became a household word)
- D0 SAMGrid  (now adopted by CDF and MINOS)
- DOE and NSF funded Grid projects
- _[http://www.ppdg.net](http://www.ppdg.net/)_
- _[http://www.ivdgl.org](http://www.ivdgl.org/)_
- _[http://www.griphyn.org](http://www.griphyn.org/)_

## Grid3/OSG 

*Grid3/OSG *

- Fermilab and US LHC facilities available through shared Grid
- Massive CMS production of simulated events and data movements
- Hugely increase CPU resources available to CMS through opportunistic use, running on Grid3!

**Grid2003: An Operational Grid  - Huge Success ! **
**28 sites (2100-2800 CPUs)**
**400-1100 concurrent jobs**
**10 applications**
**Running since October 2003**

## US OSG + European EGEE

## Open Optical Exchange

- Places that many “optical” networks gather.
- R&E emphsis
- Examples : _[Starlight in Chicago](mailto:Starlight@Chicago)_, _[MANLAN in NYC](mailto:MANLAN@NYC)_, AMSTERDAM (Netherlight)

## Slide 11

## Current Research Potential

## Global Research Networks

## Local Aspects

- FNAL RTU on Dark Fiber to Starlight facility
- NIUNET relationship
- ESNET Chicago MAN
- Lab operated Dark Fiber Ring.
- DNTP Relationship.
- Starlight(NU) Presence
- MREN

## Summary

- Fermilab Science is data and network intensive.
- FNAL seeks reliable connections to world-wide  production and research networking.
- FNAL works with regional partners to secure robust connections to metropolitan exchanges, including the open optical exchange at the Starlight Facility in Chicago.
# Presentation: 945758

## K6Sn[Zn4Sn4S17]: a sulfide-based zeolite-like material that shows enormous affinity for mercury ions (Mercouri G Kanatzidis, DMR-0443785)

-  {Sn[Zn4Sn4S17]}6- is the first extended framework based on super-tetrahedral clusters linked via Zn ions.

- The open framework structure of K6Sn[Zn4Sn4S17]

- A super-tetrahedral [Zn4Sn4S17]10- cluster

- DMR-0443785

- Depiction of the empty space (grey
- areas are where the atoms are not)

- Typical crystals
- Before and after
- Ion-exchange

## K6Sn[Zn4Sn4S17]: a sulfide-based zeolite-like material

- The compound K6Sn[Zn4Sn4S17] is ion-exchange properties reminiscent of small pore zeolites.
- K6Sn[Zn4Sn4S17]: exchanges its K ions for heavy metal ions such as Hg2+ and Pb2+.
- The material can remove selectively Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions from water solutions and may have potential for applications in heavy metal environmental remediation.
- The synthesis of K6Sn[Zn4Sn4S17] was achieved with the alkali polychalcogenide flux method.
- We are currently investigating the ion-exchange properties in more detail.
- We strongly believe that detailed fundamental and exploratory studies of open framework sulfides as ion-exchangers for heavy metal ions could contribute significantly to separation science.

- DMR-0443785
# Presentation: 300823

## Impact of the Prescription Drug User Fee Act of 1992 on the Speed of New Drug Development

**Kenneth I Kaitin, Ph.D. **
**Director, Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development**
**FDA Public Hearing on PDUFA**
**Washington, D.C., September 15, 2000**

## Regulatory Initiatives to Speed Availability of High Priority Drugs

**Subpart E Procedures (1988)**
**Accelerated Approval Regulations (1993)**
**Cancer Initiatives (1996)**

## Development Times for Accelerated, Subpart E, and Other NCE Approvals, 1995-99

***Source: Tufts CSDD Approved NCE Database, 2000***

## Mean Clinical and Approval Phases by Therapeutic Class, 1995-1999 

***9.3  ***

***8.1***

***7.8***

***8.4***

***7.9***

***7.5***

***6.3***

***3.8***

***Source: Tufts CSDD Approved NCE Database, 2000***

## NCE Approvals in 2 or More Years, 1 Year or Less, and 6 Months or Less, 1990-1999 

***1 Year or Less***

***2 Years or More ***

***6 Months or Less***

***PDUFA***

***Source: Kaitin & DiMasi, Drug Inf J 2000;34:673-80***

## Approval Phases for NCEs and Biopharmaceuticals

***Source: Tufts CSDD, 2000***

## User Fee Review Phases for NCEs by FY Cohort

***Source: Tufts CSDD, 2000***

## User Fee Review Phases for Biopharmaceuticals by FY Cohort

***Source: Tufts CSDD, 2000***

## User Fee Review Phases for Standard and Priority NCEs, FYs 97-98

***Source: Tufts CSDD, 2000***

## Prior, Foreign Marketing of New Drugs Approved in the US, 1996-1998 

**Prior, Foreign Marketing of New Drugs Approved in the US, 1996-1998 **

***Source: Kaitin & Healy, Drug Inf J 2000;34:1-14***

## Prior, Foreign Marketing of New Drugs Approved in the US, 1991-1995 

***Source: Tufts CSDD Approved NCE Database, 1999***

**Prior, Foreign Marketing of New Drugs Approved in the US, 1991-1995 **

## New Drug Approvals and Withdrawals 1990-1999

**** Withdrawals indicated by year of drug approval***

***Source: Tufts CSDD, 2000***

## Current Status of Pharmaceutical Innovation in the United States

**Collegial FDA-sponsor relationship**
**Large number of NCE approvals**
**Faster approval times**
**Focus on development times**
**More drugs approved first in the U.S.**

## Conclusions

**PDUFA - most significant piece of drug legislation since 1962 Amendments**
**Overwhelming success in speeding drug review process and changing the relationship between agency and sponsors**
**Public ultimately benefits from faster access to important new drugs**
# Presentation: 684098

## FAR Part 139 Update

**FAR Part 139 Update**

## FAR Part 139 Update: Certalerts

**06-03 Embraer 170/190 (ERJ 170/190) ARFF Door Operation Notice  **
**06-02 Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Meeting MIL-F-24385**
**06-01 **_[Issuance of SAMS 23](http://www.faa.gov/arp/certification/alerts/cert_0601.pdf)_** **
**05-02 **_[Fuel Safety Training - Update](http://www.faa.gov/arp/certification/alerts/Cert0502.rtf)_** **
**05-01 **_[Airport Winter Operations (Friction Measurement Issues)](http://www.faa.gov/arp/certification/alerts/cert0501.rtf)_
**www.faa.gov/arp/certification/certalert**

**FAR Part 139 Update: Certalerts**

## Discrepancy Trends 

**Discrepancy Trends **
**And**
**Issues of Concern & Interest**

**FAR Part 139 Update:**

## Slide 5

## FY 04 FAR 139 DISCREPANCIES 

**FY 04 FAR 139 DISCREPANCIES**

## Of Concern & Interest

-  **Airport Emergency Plans for Class 2, 3, & 4 airports by June 9, 2006. **
** **** ****Precision Obstacle Free Zones (POFZ) **
**Take effect January 1, 2007**
**AC 150/5300-13, Airport Design**
**AC 150/5340-1J, Standards for Airport Markings**
**  **
**  ****Enhanced Taxiway Markings**
**Commercial service airports with more than **
**1.5 million passengers.**
**Take effect June 30, 2008**
**AC 150/5340-1J, Standards for Airport Markings**

## QUESTIONS??

**QUESTIONS??**
# Presentation: 673003

## John Hallagan

- Representing
- ASTA – spices
- FEMA – flavors
- IACM – colors
- All support the Food Allergy Issues Alliance Guidelines

## Spices

- FDA spice list – 21 CFR 182.10, Part 184
- None are allergens
- Labeling rules – 21 CFR 101.22(a)(2) & (h)(1)
- Only spices can be labeled as “spice”
- Other materials must be labeled
- ASTA Allergy Workshop - 1998

## Flavors

- FDA flavor lists – 21 CFR 172 Subpart F, Part 182
- FEMA GRAS flavoring substances
- None of the single, defined flavoring substances are allergens
- Labeling rules – 21 CFR 101.22(a)(1), (3) & (h)(1)
- Only flavors can be labeled as “flavor”
- Other materials must be labeled – 21 CFR 101.22(g)
- Flavors are complex mixtures
-  FEMA Policy - Components derived from allergens must be
-   labeled
- FEMA Allergy Workshop - 1997

## Colors

- FDA color additives – 21 CFR Parts 73 & 74
- None are allergens
- Carmine/cochineal – labeled voluntarily
- Labeling rules
- Certified colors – must be labeled  21 CFR 101.22(k)(1)
- Exempt color additives – 21 CFR 101.22(k)(2)
- “Color added”
- “Artificial color”
- “Colored with ____”
- IACM Policy - Components derived from allergens must be labeled
# Presentation: 045939

##                            
                          A JHT FUNDED PROJECT
GFDL PERFORMANCE AND TRANSITION TO HWRF

      Morris Bender, Timothy Marchok (GFDL)
                 Isaac Ginis, Biju Thomas (URI)

**                           **
**                          ****A JHT FUNDED PROJECT**
**GFDL PERFORMANCE AND TRANSITION TO HWRF**
**      ****Morris Bender, Timothy Marchok (GFDL)**
**                 ****Isaac Ginis, Biju Thomas (URI)**

##     

    EVALUATION OF UPGRADED   HYBRID GFS MODEL            

**    **
**            **
**    ****EVALUATION OF UPGRADED   HYBRID GFS MODEL            **

## Major Upgrades to NCEP’s Global Forecast System (GFS) Scheduled for 2007

- Replacement of Spectral Interpolation (SSI) Analysis System with Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI)
- Replacement of Sigma Vertical Coordinate System with Hybrid Sigma-Pressure System
- Use of Increased Observations
- Updated GFS Radiation Module
- NEW MODELING SYSTEM EXTENSIVELY TESTED
- ON 2005 & 2006 ATLANTIC AND EASTERN PACIFIC
- HURRICANE SEASONS.
**COMPARISONS MADE FOR BOTH GFDL AND GFS**

## 2005-2006 Atlantic Season Average Track Error Using The Current Operational and New GFS

**GFDL**

**GFS**

## 120h Track Error Comparing GFDL  and GFS Model With Current Operational GFS and New HYBRID GFS

**GFDL**

**GFS**

## Much Improved Tracks of Ophelia

**OLD GFDL (2)**
**NEW GFDL (4)**
**OLD GFS  (1)**
**NEW GFS (3)**

**OLD GFDL (2)**
**NEW GFDL (4)**
**OLD GFS  (1)**
**NEW GFS (3**

**OLD GFDL (2)**
**NEW GFDL (4)**
**OLD GFS  (1)**
**NEW GFS (3)**

## Degraded Philippe Track but Improved Intensity Forecast

**WINDSPEED**
**HYBRID GFDL**

**84 HOURS**

**OLD GFDL (2)**
**NEW GFDL (4)**
**OLD GFS  (1)**
**NEW GFS (3)**

## Early and Later Forecasts of Wilma Improved

**OLD GFDL (2)**
**NEW GFDL (4)**
**OLD GFS  (1)**
**NEW GFS (3)**

**OLD GFDL (2)**
**NEW GFDL (4)**
**OLD GFS  (1)**
**NEW GFS (3)**

**OLD GFDL (2)**
**NEW GFDL (4)**
**OLD GFS  (1)**
**NEW GFS (3)**

## 2005-2006 Eastern Pacific Average Track Error

**GFDL**

**GFS**

## New GFDL Had Significantly  Reduced Track Errors Compared to New GFS in Both Basins

**ATLANTIC **

**EASTERN PACIFIC**

## 2005-2006 Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Intensity Error for GFDL With Current Operational and Hybrid GFS

**EASTERN PACIFIC**

**ATLANTIC**

## SUMMARY

**NEW VERSION OF GFS HYBRID COORDINATE SYSTEM AND GSI IS LEADING TO IMPROVED TRACKS FOR BOTH THE GFS AND GFDL MODELS IN 3-5 DAYS IN THE ATLANTIC.**

##                            

           GFDL AND GFS  TRACK COMPARISONS FOR ALL OF THESE CASES ARE AVAILABLE AT:
 ftp://ftp.gfdl.noaa.gov/pub/mb/hybrid/

**                           **
**      **
**           ****GFDL AND GFS  TRACK COMPARISONS FOR ALL OF THESE CASES ARE AVAILABLE AT:**
** ****ftp://ftp.gfdl.noaa.gov/pub/mb/hybrid/**
# Presentation: 501061

## APS Formation Sensor

**ELECTRO-OPTICAL**
**Eric Young**
**15 March 2002**

## SNR Calculation (Laser Beacon)

- Wavelength			632.8 nm
- Laser Power (W)			0.003
- Beam Diver (rad)			0.003
- Target Distance(m)			50000
- Telesc Diam(m)			0.1
- Telesc Area(m2)			7.854E-03
- Beam Area(m2)			1.767E+04
- Optics Thru			8.858E-01
- Filter-Bandpass			5.000E-01
- Filter(ND=0.5)			3.162E-01
- Pixels Lit				1.963E+01
- QE				8.000E-01
- 1/hc				5.028E+24
- Lambda(m)			6.328E-07
- Sig Rate(phot/s)			2.421E+07
- Int Time(s)			1.000E-03
- Signal(photons)			2.421E+04
- SNR 				1.556E+02

## Signal to Noise

**SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (per pixel) CALCULATION OVERVIEW**
** ****For the Laser Beacon we first calculate the diameter of the Laser Beam at the tracker, which is just the beam divergence in radians times the distance.  We then calculate the area of the beam at the tracker.  The ratio of this area and the telescope area is multiplied by the Laser Power to yield the received power.**
** **
** ****This received power is then propagated thru the system by multiplying by the next three factors: 6  element imager(0.98 each), bandpass filter, and neutral density filter. The fourth factor to be multiplied is the quantum efficiency of the detector QE. The number of pixels lit is the circle circumscribed by a 5X5 pixel array. The net power is divided by this factor to yield the per pixel power received. The power is just converted to photons per second by the next two factors. Lambda is the HeNe wavelength of 632.8nm.**
** **
**With a millisecond integration time, the received photon number S is computed; and the signal to noise ratio SNR is computed as the square root of S in this photon noise limited case.**** **