# Presentation: 649895

## JWST Science

- 4-chart version follows

## End of the dark ages: first light and reionization

- What are the first galaxies?
- When did reionization occur?
- Once or twice?
- What sources caused reionization?

- Ultra-Deep NIR survey (1.4 nJy), spectroscopic & Mid-IR confirmation.
- QSO spectra: Ly-α forest
- Galaxy spectra: Balmer lines (2x10-19 ergs/cm2/sec)

## The assembly of galaxies

- Where and when did the Hubble Sequence form?
- How did the heavy elements form?
- Can we test hierarchical formation and global scaling relations?
- What about ULIRGs and AGN?

- Galaxies in GOODS Field

- Wide-area imaging survey
- R=1000 spectra of 1000s of galaxies at 1 < z < 6
- Targeted observations of ULIRGs and AGN

## Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems

- How do clouds collapse?
- How does environment affect star-formation?
- Vice-versa?
- What is the low-mass IMF?

- Imaging of molecular clouds
- Survey “elephant trunks”
- Survey star-forming clusters

- Deeply embedded protostar

- Agglomeration & planetesimals

- Mature planetary system

- Circumstellar disk

- The Eagle Nebula as seen by HST

## Planetary systems and the origins of life

- How do planets form?
- How are circumstellar disks like our Solar System?
- How are habitable zones established?

- Simulated JWST imageFomalhaut at 24 microns

- Extra-solar giant planets
- Coronagraphy
- Spectra of circumstellar disks, comets and KBOs
- Spectra of icy bodies in outer Solar System

- Titan

- Malfait et al 1998

- Spitzer image

## JWST Science

- 2-chart version follows

## End of the dark ages: first light and reionization

- What are the first galaxies?
- When did reionization occur?

- The assembly of galaxies

- Where and when did the Hubble Sequence form?
- How did the heavy elements form?

- Galaxies in GOODS Field

- Simulated JWST spectra showing the epoch of reionization

## Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems

- How do clouds collapse?
- How does environment affect star formation?

- Deeply embedded protostar

- Agglomeration & planetesimals

- Mature planetary system

- Circumstellar disk

- Planetary systems and the origins of life

- How do planets form?
- How are circumstellar disks like our Solar System?

- Shu et al theory of planetary system formation

- Simulated JWST image

- Spitzer image

- Fomalhaut dust disk at 24 microns

## JWST Science

- 1-chart version follows

## JWST Science

- The Eagle Nebula as seen by HST

- Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems
- Planetary systems and the origins of life

- Galaxies in the UDF

- End of the dark ages: first light and reionization
- The assembly of galaxies

## JWST Science

- 13-chart detailed version follows

## End of the dark ages: first light and reionization

- End of the dark ages: first light and reionization

- Hubble Ultra Deep Field

- 	... to identify the first luminous sources to form and to determine the ionization history of the early universe.

## What are the first galaxies?

- The first galaxies are small and faint
- Their light is redshifted into infrared.
- They are made of low-metallicity, massive stars.
- SNe! GRBs!

- Observations:
- Ultra-deep NIR field
- Follow-up Spect, MIR
- Timing for transients

- Zoom in to Hubble Ultra Deep Field

## When and how did reionization occur?

- Reionization happened at z>6
- WMAP says maybe twice?
- Probably galaxies, maybe quasar contribution

- Observations:
- Spectra of the most distant quasars
- Spectra of faint galaxies

## The assembly of galaxies

- M81 by Spitzer

- 	... to determine how galaxies and the dark matter, gas, stars, metals, morphological structures, and active nuclei within them evolved from the epoch of reionization to the present day.

## Where and when did the Hubble Sequence form?How did the heavy elements form?

- Galaxy assembly is a process of hierarchical merging
- Components of galaxies have variety of ages & compositions
- Observations:
- NIRCam imaging
- Spectra of 1000s of galaxies

## What are the physical processes that determine galaxy properties?What about starbursts and black holes?

- What are the physical processes that determine galaxy properties?What about starbursts and black holes?

- Global scaling relations between luminosity, size, kinematics and metallicity.
- Tight correlation between mass of central black holes and surrounding galaxy

- Observations:
- MIR spectroscopy
- Velocity dispersion
- MIR emission lines

- HST + radio image of active galaxy

## Birth of stars and protoplanetary systems

- David Hardy

**	****... ****to unravel the birth and early evolution of stars, from infall on to dust-enshrouded protostars, to the genesis of planetary systems.**

## How do proto-stellar clouds collapse?

- Stars form in small regions collapsing gravitationally within larger molecular clouds.
- We can see through thick, dusty clouds in the infrared.
- Protostars begin to shine within the clouds, revealing temperature and density structure.
- Observations:
- Deep NIR and MIR imaging of dark clouds and proto-stars

- Barnard 68 in visible light

## How does environment affect star-formation and vice-versa?What is the sub-stellar initial mass function?

- Massive stars produce winds and radiation
- Either disrupt star formation, or causes it.
- The boundary between the smallest brown dwarf stars and planets is unknown
- Different processes? Or continuum?
- Observations:
- Survey dark clouds, “elephant trunks” and star-forming regions

- The Eagle Nebula as seen by HST

## Planetary systems and the origins of life

- Robert Hurt

- 	... to determine the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems including our own, and to investigate the potential for the origins of life in those systems.

## How do planets form?

- Giant planets could be signpost of process that creates Earth-like planets
- Solar System primordial disk is now in small planets, moons, asteroids and comets

- Observations:
- Coronagraphy of exosolar planets
- Compare spectra of comets and circumstellar disks

## How are circumstellar disks like our Solar System?

**Here is an**
**illustration of**
**what MIRI might**
**find within the**
**very young core**
**in Ophiuchus,**
**VLA 1623**
**artist’s concept of**
**protostellar disk**
**from T. Greene, **
**Am. Scientist**

**approximate field for NIRSpec & MIRI **
**integral field spectroscopy**

## How are habitable zones established?

- Source of Earth’s H20 and organics is not determined
- Comets? Asteroids?
- History of clearing the disk of gas and small bodies
- Role of giant planets?
- Observations:
- Comets, Kuiper Belt Objects
- Icy moons in outer solarsystem

- Titan