# Presentation: 668479

## Status of volcano monitoring worldwide

**Status of volcano monitoring worldwide**

**John Ewert and Chris Newhall**
**USGS/OFDA Volcano Disaster Assistance Program**
**Cascades Volcano Observatory**

**U.S. Department of the Interior**
**U.S. Geological Survey**

## 
Eruptions have precursory activity that can be monitored and the data used to make an eruption forecast.

Timely eruption reporting by volcano observatories, beginning with information about the premonitory build-up phase, allows more time for flight planning and improves response time of satellite-based ash-cloud detection.

**Eruptions have precursory activity that can be monitored and the data used to make an eruption forecast.**
**Timely eruption reporting by volcano observatories, beginning with information about the premonitory build-up phase, allows more time for flight planning and improves response time of satellite-based ash-cloud detection.**

**Volcano Monitoring for Aviation Safety**

## General Methods – Real-time monitoring

**Eruption forecasting and prediction**
**Seismic**
***Deformation-Tiltmeters, GPS, Strainmeters***
***Remote sensing-Thermal, InSar***
***Gas flux***
**Eruption detection**
**Seismic****	****	****	****	****	**
***Infrasonic***
***Lightning detection***
***Weather Radar***
***Video***

## Telemetered GPS

- Airborne Gas Monitoring

- InSAR

- Telemetered Seismic

## Volcano monitoring around the globe

**Volcano monitoring networks are most complete in:***** Wealthy countries .***** Countries where risks to people on the ****	****ground are greatest.*****At volcanoes that have erupted recently, are ****	****restless, or are otherwise scientifically ****	****interesting.**

**More than half of explosive volcanoes that have erupted in the past 2000 years have some form of continuous monitoring in place, but the majority have only seismic monitoring—in many cases a single sensor.**

**With the exception of the Aleutian Islands monitoring carried out by the USGS-AVO,  aviation risk has not been the determining factor in where volcano monitoring networks are established.**

## San Salvador and Volcán San Salvador

**More than 2 million people live within 10 km of recently active volcanoes in Central America**

## Klyuchevskoy Volcano, Kamchatka

**Klyuchevskoy Volcano, Kamchatka**

**About 2000 people live within 10 km of recently active volcanoes in the Kuriles and Kamchatka**

**~20,000 people/day overhead**

## 468 Explosive-type Volcanoes active in last 2000 years

**468 Explosive-type Volcanoes active in last 2000 years**

## 270 of 468 are monitored

**270 of 468 are monitored**

## Some obvious gaps in monitoring exist

**Some obvious gaps in monitoring exist**

## Slide 11

## Summary

**More volcanoes are continuously monitored now than 13 years ago, but “monitoring” capabilities are highly variable around the globe**** **
**Even if a monitoring program exists, communications among volcano observatories, civil aviation authorities, and the VAACs may not be robust.*****We need better communications between volcano observatories and VAACs.*****   **
**The aviation community can help develop better monitoring by providing data on air traffic over volcanic regions.  These data can be used by volcanologists to substantiate the aviation risk and thereby justify monitoring efforts in regions with sparse or non-urban ground populations.  *****We need better data on air traffic in volcanic regions.***