# Presentation: 827957

## MINER

**Introduction: Physics-driven Detector Requirements**
**Technical Performance Specifications**

- Jorge G. Morfín
- Fermilab
- Fermilab Director’s Review
- 13 December 2005

## Director’s Review Presentations:Current MINERA Status

- Introduction and Physics Demands on the Detector - JGM
- Detector Overview and Performance- Kevin McFarland (Rochester)
- Project Overview - Debbie Harris (Fermilab)
- Scintillator Extrusions - Anna Pla-Dalmau (Fermilab)
- WLS fibers and Clear Fiber Cables - Howard Budd (Rochester)
- Scintillator Plane Assembly - Jeff Nelson (William and Mary)
- PMT Acquisition and Testing - Ioana Niculescu (James Madison)
- PMT Boxes and Light Injection - Anthony Mann (Tufts)
- Electronics and DAQ - Vittorio Paolone (Pittsburgh)
- Outer Detector Frame, Absorbers, Stand - Jim Kilmer (Fermilab)
- Module Assembly - Robert Bradford (Rochester)
- Infrastructure, installation and coil - Jim Kilmer (Fermilab)

## Outline

- The MINERA Experiment
- Overall Goal
- Collaboration
- Milestones
- Physics topics
- Topology
- Analysis
- Detector Requirements
- Summary Detector Requirements

## The MINERA Collaboration -Experts from the EPP and NP Communities

**Red = HEP,  ****Blue = NP,  ****Black = Theorist**

- D.  Drakoulakos, P. Stamoulis,  G. Tzanakos, M. Zois
**University of Athens, Athens, Greece**
- D. Casper, J. Dunmore, C. Regis, B. Ziemer
**University of California, Irvine, California**
- E. Paschos
**University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany**
- D. Boehnlein, D. A. Harris,  M.  Kostin,  J.G. Morfin,
- A. Pla-Dalmau, P. Rubinov,  P. Shanahan, P. Spentzouris
**Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois**
- M.E. Christy, W.  Hinton, C.E .Keppel
**Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia**
- R. Burnstein,  O. Kamaev, N.  Solomey
**Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois**
- S.Kulagin
**Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia**
- I. Niculescu. G. .Niculescu
**James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia**
- W.K.  Brooks, A. Bruell, R. Ent, D. Gaskell,,
- W. Melnitchouk,  S. Wood
**Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia**

- R. Ochoa, O. Pereyra, J. Solano
**Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria. Lima, Peru**
- G. Blazey, M.A.C. Cummings, V. Rykalin
**Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois**
- S.  Boyd, D.  Naples, V.  Paolone
**University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania**
**L. Aliaga, J.L. Bazo, A. Gago, **
**Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima, Peru**
- A. Bodek, R. Bradford, H.  Budd, J. Chvojka,
- P. de Babaro, S. Manly,  K. McFarland, J. Park, W. Sakumoto
**University of Rochester, Rochester, New York**
- R. Gilman, C. Glasshausser, X. Jiang, G. Kumbartzki,
- K. McCormick, R. Ransome
**Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey**
- A. Chakravorty
**Saint Xavier University, Chicago, Illinois**
- H. Gallagher, T.  Kafka, W.A. Mann, W. Oliver
**Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts**
- J. Nelson, F.X.Yumiceva
**William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Virginia**

## Neutrino Scattering Physics Brings Together the Particle and Nuclear Physics Communities

**Nuclear Physics** - motivated by understanding of physics related to the   Jlab program (structure of nucleon - form factors, PDFs...). **Neutrino physics results are complementary to the electroproduction measurements now being made at JLab.**** ** Around 40% of the collaboration comes from the nuclear physics community specifically to make these measurements.
**Particle Physics** - motivated by increased understanding of physics relevant  to neutrino oscillation experiments, properties of the neutrino and structure of nucleon** **
**Both Particle and Nuclear Physics - APS Multidivisional Neutrino Study -** 	Their assumptions about the current and future program include:
- “determination of the neutrino reaction and production cross sections required for a precise understanding of neutrino-oscillation physics and the neutrino astronomy of astrophysical and cosmological sources. **Our broad and exacting program of neutrino physics is built upon precise knowledge of how neutrinos interact with matter.”**

## What are the Physics Measurements Needed to Assist Neutrino Oscillation Experiments?

-  disappearance (i.e. **MINOS**) needs:
- Measurements of **Nuclear effects** in neutrinos for **Neutrino energy calibration**
**Quasi-elastic **and** pion production cross-sections, total and differential**
- e appearance (i.e. **NO********A **and** T2K**) needs:
**Quasi-elastic and pion production cross-sections both for NC and CC events.**
**High-y ************ cross-sections** at low E  (how to tag high-y cross sections)

## Global Physics Requirements for Studies of Interest to  the NP and EPP Communities

- N/qH
**Ability to measure cross sections of exclusive states**
**Ability to measure nuclear effects**
- Requires:
**Ability to measure neutrino scattering kinematics**
- Measure Neutrino Energy: **E******** = E******** + ********E****h ****- m****N******** **
- Measure 4-momentum to nucleon: **Q****2**** = 4 E********E********sin****2************/2)**
- Combinations of E and Q2**:**** x****Bj**** = Q****2**** / 2m****N******and******y =  ******** / E******

## Neutrino Scattering Topics

**	****	****	****	****	**
**Quasi-elastic **
- Resonance Production - 1
- Resonance Production - n and non-pert./perturbative transition
**Coherent Pion Production**
*Strange and Charm Particle Production*
**Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Structure Functions **
- T at low neutrino energy
- Generalized Parton Distributions
- Nuclear Effects** ****	**** ****	**

## Quasi-elastic ProductionKinematics in the NuMI beam

- Rscint ≈ 50 cm

- T = .282 GeV

- Topology:np

- 	2ME2(1 - cos Q)
- Q2 =                                ,    xBj = 1        	Q2 = 2M
- 	M - E(1 - cos Q)

## Quasi-elastic ScatteringH. Budd - Rochester

**Fully simulated analysis, - realistic detector simulation and reconstruction**
- 1 or 2 tracks for Q2 < 1 GeV2  and 2 tracks for Q2 > 1 GeV2
**Detector requirement: ****t****rack separation****	****	****	****	****	**
- 1 long non-interacting track consistent with muon
**Detector requirement:** **particle ID ****	****	****	****	****	****	**
**Q****2********- 2M******** / error < 2.0  (x****Bj**** consistent with 1.0) **
**Detector requirement:****measurement of kinematic variables****	****	****	**
- Minimal number of hits in event not associated with  or p
**Detector requirement: ********0**** (******** conversion**

- Topology:np

## Nuclear “smearing” ≈ Detector smearing

- Free nucleon, truth? full detector smearing

- Bound nucleon, no detector smearing

## Case 1 - Nominal waiting on further results from Howard

- = 0.5 o
- pstoppstopp = 5 %
- pcurv
- Eintp = 4 % + 18%/  EH

- Purity = x.x %
- Efficiency = x.x %

## Case 2 - Modify resolution  - pstop = 0.5 o, pcurvEintp =  4 % + 18% /  EH)

- pstoppstopp = 2.5 %

- Purity = x.x % and Efficiency = x.x %

- pstoppstopp = 10 %

- Purity = x.x % and Efficiency = x.x %

## Case 2 - Modify resolution  - Eint = 0.5 o, pcurvpstoppstopp = 5.0 %)

- pintp =  2 % + 9 % /  EH

- Purity = x.x % and Efficiency = x.x %

- Purity = x.x % and Efficiency = x.x %

- pintp =  8 % + 36 % /  EH

## MINERA: CC Quasi-Elastic Measurements and required resolution

- Expected MiniBooNe
- And K2K measurements

- Average: eff. = 74 % and purity = 77%

******E******** = ± 15%**
**To get 3-4 pts/GeV at threshold**

| Resolution | Value |
| --- | --- |
| P | ± 10% |
| Pp (stop) | ± 5% |
| Pp (interact) | 20% /  E |
| E | ± 15 % at low E |

## Coherent Pion ProductionKinematics in the NuMI beam: Rein-Sehgal model

- Topology: 	(W/Z       , , A1...)A

**K2K SciBar measurement published:**
**Expect**** ****470 CC**** ****coherent **** a la R-S**
**Find ****7.6 ± 50.4**

## Coherent Pion ProductionH. Gallagher - Tufts

- Coherent Pion ProductionH. Gallagher - Tufts

- Full simulated analysis carried out
- 2  “visible” tracks-muon (non-interacting) & pion (interacting, stop to be added)
**Detector requirement: ****t****rack separation, particle ID, photon conversion**
- Less than 500 MeV energy from neutrals in CC production
**Detector requirement: ****photon conversion**
**Measured x****Bj**** < 0.2 and measured t ****= (q – p********)****2****  <  0.2 GeV****2****  **
**Detector requirement:**** ****measurement of kinematic variables****	****	****	**

## Experimental Cuts forCC Coherent  Production

- Be able to observe
- the clean vertex

- Ensure small 4-momentum
- transfer to the nucleus

- Increase probability
- of coherence

- Note:
- Flat background
- in x and t

## Dependence of xBj and t resolution on resolution of kinematic quantities

- truth
- smeared

- nominal

## Modify pstop  and Eint waiting on further results from Hugh

- Efficiency = x.x% , purity = y.y%

- Efficiency = x.x% , purity = y.y%

- Efficiency = x.x% , purity = y.y%

- Efficiency = x.x% , purity = y.y%

- = 0.5 o, pcurvEint = 20.0 %)

- = 0.5 o, pcurvEint = 20.0 %)

- = 0.5 o, pcurvEint = 20.0 %)

- = 0.5 o, pcurvEint = 20.0 %)

## Similar table to include new simulations

## 1 slide on 0 angular requirements for NC coherent production

## MINERA: Coherent Pion Production

- MINERA

**Expected MiniBooNE **
**and K2K measurements**

- Rein-Seghal

- Paschos-
- Kartavtsev

| Resolution | Value |
| --- | --- |
| P | ± 10% |
| P (stop) | ± 5% |
| P (interact) | 20% /  E |
|  | ± 0.5 o |
|  | ± 0.5 o |

## Deeply Inelastic ScatteringRosenbluth-style separation

- X = 0.1 - 0.125
- Q2 = 2 - 4 GeV2
- Kinematic cuts in (1-y)
- not shown

- + y2 FL

- (1-y)2

- R = Rwhitlow
- Neutrino
- 1 year he-beam
- Anti-Neutrino
- 2 years he-beam

******y = ± .15**

****** ****= ± 12% at high y**

## Waiting for Donna’s results

## Summary - Physics Requirements

**Ability to resolve vertices**
**Ability to separate multiple tracks in the final state**
**Ability to identify charged particles (ideally - e / ******** / ******** / K / p)****	****	**
**Ability to  identify and reconstruct ********0**** (******** ****	****	****	****	**
**Ability to accurately measure kinematic variables - next slide****	****	****	****	**
**Ability to resolve intra-event timing**

## Summary - Kinematic Variable  Requirements

|  |  | pstop | Eint | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Quasi - elastic
production |  |  |  |  |
| Coherent 
production |  |  |  |  |
| Deeply Inelastic Scattering |  |  |  |  |
| Most Restrictive |  |  |  |  |

## Extra Stuff

## Milestones

- December 2002 - Two EOIs for neutrino scattering experiments using the NuMI beam and similar detector concepts presented to the PAC. PAC suggests uniting efforts and preparing proposal.
- December 2003 - MINERA proposal presented to PAC.  PAC requests more quantitative physics studies and details of MINERA’s impact on Fermilab.					.
- April 2004 - Proposal addendum containing additional physics studies and report from the Impact Review Committee presented to PAC.  **Receive Stage I approval**.
- January 2005 - First Director’s Review of MINERA  	**	****	****	****	****	****	**
- March 2005 -** **Fermilab submits **MIE** for full funding of MINERA to DOE**.****	****	**
- June 2005 -** **Establish MINERA project at FNAL.
- December 2005 - Second CD1/(2) Director’s Review
- Early FY2007 - Start Construction
- Early FY2009 - Commission Detector in NuMI Near Hall

## DIS: Structure Functions and Parton Distribution Functions

- Measure structure functions Fi (xBj, Q2) **at high x****Bj**
- Measurements at high xBj requires accurate measurement of  y
**Detector requirement:**** ****measurement of kinematic variables**
**Detector requirement:**** ****measurement of muon momentum**
**Detector requirement: ****calorimetric hadron energy resolution**

## Q2 Resolutionoff bound nucleus?

- = 0.5 o
- pstop= 5 %
- pcurv

## Measuring Nuclear Effects

**Pb**
- target

**C**
- target

**Fe**
- target

- Plastic Scintillator
- Planes

- Measure Neutrino interactions off several nuclei
**Detector requirement: ****vertex resolution**
- Measure visible hadron energy and multiplicities as well as rates off several nuclei
**Detector requirement: ****hadron energy resolution**
**Detector requirement: ****track separation**
**Detector requirement: ****measurement of kinematic variables**** **

## Exclusive Strange Particle Production

**MINER********A Exclusive States**
**100x earlier samples**** **
**3 tons and 4 years**
- S = 0
- - K+  
- -  K+  
- - + K0  
- -  K+ p
- -  K+  p
- S = 1
- - K+ p 
- - K0 p 
- - + K0n 
- S = 0 - Neutral Current
- K+ 
- K0 
- K0 

**Existing Strange Particle Production**
- Gargamelle-PS - **15 ** events.   FNAL - ≈ 100 events
- ZGS - 31 events 	   BNL - 8 events
-       Larger NOMAD **inclusive** sample expected

- n- K+  
- Require the V0  two track decay  (  p - and   		K0S  + -)
**Detector requirement: ****vertex resolution****	**
**Detector requirement: ****“effective mass” resolution****	****	**
- Prompt K+ decay yields a twin-peak signature in 		time profile of the event
**Detector requirement: ****timing resolution**
-  <K+> for this channel in NuMI Beam: ≈ 10 ns**	****	****	**
- Require discrimination of p from  from 
**Detector requirement: ****charged particle ID**
**Detector requirement: **0 **ID and reconstruction**