# Presentation: 890768

## U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Program,  Policy and International Cooperation 

**Location India 2008**
***New Delhi, India****** ***
*** ***
**February 6-8, 2008*** *

**Robert Ford, Senior Advisor**
**Office of Space and Advanced Technology**
**Bureau of Oceans, Environment and Science**
**U.S. State Department**

## Introduction

- Like the Internet, GPS has become a critical component of the global information infrastructure
- Scalable applications enabling broad new capabilities
- Facilitating innovations in efficiency, safety, environmental, public security, and science
- Over the past decade, GPS has grown into a global utility providing space-based positioning, navigation and timing (PNT)
- Consistent, predictable, dependable policy and performance
- Augmentations improve performance even further

## Overview

- Current GPS Program and Augmentations
- Modernization Plans
- National Space-Based PNT Policy
- International Cooperation
- Summary

## Current Constellation

- 13 Block IIA satellites operational
- 12 Block IIR satellites operational
- Modernizing 5 remaining Block IIR satellites
- 5 Block IIR-M satellites operational
- Transmitting new second civil signal (L2C)
- Continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch needs
- Global GPS civil service performance commitment met continuously since 1993

**30 Operational Satellites**** **
**(Baseline Constellation: 24)**

## International Augmentations

## GPS constellation –Delivering excellent performance

***GPS constellation –******Delivering excellent performance***

- Standard

**Performance Improving**

## GPS Modernization

- System-wide improvements in:
- Accuracy
- Availability
- Integrity
- Reliability
- Backward compatibility
- Robustness against interference
- Improved indoor, mobile, and urban use
- Interoperability with other GNSS constellations

## GPS III Satellites & Civil Signals

- Next-generation satellite needed to accommodate increasing power requirements
- Development approach to reduce risk, increase flexibility
- Separate contracts for space and ground segments
- Acquisition processes for control segment /satellite are underway
- OCX Request for Proposal Released; contract awarded on Nov 23 07
- GPS IIIA Request for Proposal Released
- Civil benefits
- Provides operational capability for second (L2C) and third (L5) civil signals
- In combination with GPS IIR-M and IIF satellites
- Delivers L1C for interoperability with Galileo
- Significant increase in system accuracy
- Improved availability of accuracy with integrity

## United States Policy History

- 1983: President Reagan offers free civilian access to GPS
- 1996: President Clinton issues first U.S. GPS policy
- Designates GPS a dual-use system under joint civil/military management
- 1997: Congress passes law requiring civil GPS to be provided free of direct user fees
- 2004: President Bush issues U.S. policy on space-based PNT

## 2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy

- Recognizes the changing international scene
- Other nations implementing space-based systems that provide PNT services
- National Space-Based PNT Executive Committee
- Chaired by Deputy Secretaries of Defense and Transportation
- Membership includes:  State, Commerce, Homeland Security, Interior, Joint Chief of Staffs, and NASA
- Established National Coordination Office (NCO)  with staff from each member agency

**Updated policy retains 1996 principles**

## National Space-Based PNT Organizational Structure

**WHITE HOUSE**

**NATIONAL****SPACE-BASED PNT ****EXECUTIVE ****COMMITTEE**
*Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation*

**ADVISORY****BOARD**
*Sponsor: NASA*

**Defense**

**Transportation**

**State**

**Commerce**

**Homeland Security**

**Joint Chiefs of Staff**

**NASA**

**NATIONAL **
**COORDINATION****OFFICE**
*Host: Commerce*

- WHITE HOUSE

## U.S. Department & Agency Activities

- PNT Executive Committee meets regularly
- International Coordination and Cooperation – State
- Accelerating bilateral and multilateral activities
- Interference Detection and Mitigation Plan – DHS
- DOD and DOT PNT Architecture for 2025
- DOD Selective Availability (SA)
- SA feature was used in the past to intentionally degrade civilian GPS service; implemented in 1995 but not used outside tests/exercises, discontinued in May 2000
- GPS III satellites will NOT include SAT capability
- Decision announced at 36th ICAO Assembly Sep. 2007

## National Coordination Office (NCO)

- Facilitates information sharing, coordination, and issue resolution regarding space-based PNT across all Departments
- Facilitates coordination among Agencies re: plans to modernize U.S. space-based PNT infrastructure
- Conducts or oversees space-based PNT studies, analyses, and projects that have broad U.S. Government participation
- Represents Executive Committee in discussion with  state and local entities, foreign governments, and international organizations

## Advisory Board

- Conducts assessments & makes recommendations to the ExCom in support of national policy goals and objectives related to space-based PNT
- Focuses on leadership, strategic engagement and communication, and future challenges
- Twenty-four members; 6 international members;  meets twice a year since March 2007

## U.S. National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing Policy – Objectives

- Provide civil GPS and augmentations free of direct user fees on a continuous, worldwide basis .
- Improve capabilities to prevent hostile use of space-based PNT services to protect the mutual security concerns of the U.S. and its allies.
- Improve performance of civil GPS and augmentations to meet or exceed that of international systems.
- Maintain GPS as a component of multiple sectors of U.S critical infrastructure.
- Encourage international development of PNT systems based on GPS - seek to ensure international systems are interoperable, or at a minimum, compatible with civil GPS and its augmentations.

## Bilateral GPS Cooperation

**U.S.-EU:** GPS-Galileo Cooperation Agreement of 2004
- Established four Work Groups
- July 2007 accord on improved civil signal (MBOC)
**U.S.-India**: Expanded cooperation since 2004 under Next Steps in Strategic Partnership and new Joint Working Group on Civil Space Cooperation
- Joint Statement on GNSS Cooperation adopted at second Joint Working Group meeting, February 2007, text available at http://www.state.gov/g/oes/rls/or/81450.htm
- Several meetings held between U.S. and Indian experts on  compatibility, interoperability and spectrum coordination, including technical meetings last week in Bangalore
- Research into ionospheric distortion/solutions

## Bilateral GPS Cooperation (C0nt’d)

**U.S.-Russia:** Negotiating GPS-GLONASS Cooperation Agreement since 2005
- Discussing greater interoperability of civil GPS-GLONASS signals
- Russia WG-1 chair prop0sed adopting two new civil CDMA signals at L1, L5, interoperable with GPS
**U.S.-Japan**: Policy and technical consultations on GPS cooperation since 1996
- 	- QZSS design to be compatible, interoperable with GPS
- 	- Working to establish QZSS monitoring stations in 	Hawaii/Guam

## Other International Activities

- U.S. held GPS bilateral consultations with Australia, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, South Africa, and others
- Continuing interest in GPS-related issues that arise in multilateral organizations (ITU, ICAO, IMO, NATO, etc)
- Influenced APEC/GNSS Implementation Team to broaden GNSS applications in all modes of transportation and beyond
- International Committee on GNSS (ICG) will help us broaden the dialogue among users and developers

## International Committee on GNSS (ICG)

- Emerged from 3rd UN Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space July 1999
- Promote the use of GNSS and its integration into infrastructures, particular in developing countries
- Encourage compatibility and interoperability among global and regional systems
- Unique mix of GNSS providers (US, EU, Russia, China Japan, India) and international user groups to address common issues, e.g. reference frame, orbital debris

## ICG (Continued)

- Exchange Views on ICG Work Plan by Work Groups
- A. Interoperability and compatibility
- B. Enhancement of Performance of GNSS Services
- C. Information dissemination, education, outreach & coordination
- D. Interaction with monitoring and reference station network orgs.
- First Providers Forum and ICG-2 held in India September 2007
- Providers agreed on interoperability and compatibility terms including spectral separation between each system’s authorized service signals and other system’s signals
- China requested to be recognized as a GNSS Provider
- U.S. to host ICG-3 in Pasadena, Cal. December 8-12, 2008

**As new space-based GNSS emerges globally, interoperability is the key to “success for all”**

## Summary

- GPS performance is getting better and continuing to improve
- Augmentations enable high performance today
- Second new GPS signal now available
- No Selective Availability features in GPS III
- U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy continues to provide stability and transparency for users and industry
- Encourages/promotes worldwide use of civil GPS and augmentations
- U.S. Govt management structure for GPS and augmentations is stronger and more active
- Many policy implementation actions in progress
- International cooperation is a U.S. top priority

## Contact Information

- Robert J. Ford
- Senior Advisor
- U.S. State Department
- OES/SAT, SA-23 Suite 410
- Washington, D.C.  20520
- Ph: (202) 663-2673
- Fax: (202) 663-2402
- fordrj@state.gov

## Web-based Information

**PNT.gov** established to disseminate information  on the U.S. National Executive Committee
- Information on the U.S. National Policy, Exec Committee membership, the Advisory Board, and frequently asked questions
- Recent public presentations to include this presentation
**GPS.gov **established to disseminate information  on GPS applications
- Brochure on GPS applications also available in hardcopy upon request
- Contains additional links to various other websites