# Presentation: 099877

## PILATUS: A 2-Dimensional X-Ray Detector For Macromolecular Crystallography

- E. F. Eikenberry

- E. F. Eikenberry1
- Ch. Brönnimann1
- G. Huelsen1
- H. Toyokawa2
- R. Horisberger3
- B. Schmitt1
- C. Schulze-Briese1
- T. Tomizaki1
*1** Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI*
*2** SPring8, Japan*
*3** CMS-Project, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI*

**PILATUS: A 2-Dimensional**** X-Ray Detector For Macromolecular Crystallography**

## SLS Layout

- E. F. Eikenberry

**SLS Layout**

- Green: first phase beamlines
- Red: proposed beamlines

## Pixel Detectors

**Data collection in protein crystallography**

**Paul Scherrer Institut**

**SLS Detector Group**

## X-Ray Diffraction From 

- X-Ray Diffraction From
- A X-174 Virus Crystal

**SLS Detector Group**

## Macromolecular Crystallography

- Determine the structure of highly
- complex molecules to atomic resolution

- Molecular Weight > 1 MDa
-       (> 50,000 atoms)

- Applications:

- Enzymes
- Viruses
- Catalytic mechanisms
- Electron transport
- Energy transduction
- Motility
- Drug Design
- Structural genomics

**SLS Detector Group**

## The SLS Pixel Detector 

**Paul Scherrer Institut**

-  Size:  40 x 40 cm2 (0.16m2)
-  2000 x 2000 pixels
-  Pixel size: 217 x 217 m2
-  Modular detector -> dead area ~6%
-  High frame rate: >10Hz
-  High duty cycle: >94% (Tro~6ms)

- Base plate
- (water cooled)

- Tilt angle: variable

- Bank with
- 5 modules

- Modules
- with 16 chips

**SLS Detector Group**

## Pixel Detectors: Principle

**Paul Scherrer Institut**

- 1.7fF

- Analog Block

- Digital Block

- 15 bit

- SR

- counter

- 

- 

- 

- Clock

- Gen

*RBI*

*RBO*

*Ext*

*Clock*

*Ext/Comp*

*Clock*

**Detector**

**Pixel electronics**

- Radiation hard

**Si pn-junction**

- 3.6 eV to create 1 eh-pair

**SLS Detector Group**

## Please see landscape-oriented supplement:

- Slide 8:  Bump-bonded Module
- Slide 9: PILATUS Module
- Slide 10: Final Module Assembly
- Slide 11: Bank With 3 Modules
- Slide 12: Module Fabrication
- Slide 15: Flat-field Correction
- Slide 18: Continuous Fine -Slicing
- Slide 19: Lysozyme: MOSFLM Autoindex
- Slide 20: Lysozyme: MOSFLM Refined Cell

## Trimming A Module With 

- Trimming A Module With
- A Global Vcmp

**SLS Detector Group**

## Threshold vs. Vcmp

- Threshold *vs*. Vcmp

**SLS Detector Group**

## PILATUS Detector Crystallography

- Lysozyme
- 1o rotation
- 2 s exposure

**SLS Detector Group**

## Fine -Slicing with PILATUS

- Rotation Angle (), deg.

- Integrated Intensity, x-rays

- Fine -Slicing with PILATUS

- Lysozyme:
- 0.02° steps
- 0.5 s exposure
- FWHM:
-     0.06° - 0.10°

- 1.5° Rotation Image

**SLS Detector Group**

## SLS 2k  2k Pixel Detector

- SLS 2k  2k Pixel Detector

- PIXEL:
- 	217  217 m2
- 	Preamplifier and shaper
- 	Threshold discriminator with 4-bit trim
- 	15-bit counter
- 	>105 x-ray/s
- CHIP:
- 	CMOS 0.8 m DMILL rad-hard
- 	Designed at PSI
- 	44  78 pixels, 9.9  18.3 mm2
- 	Read out at 10 MHz
- MODULE:
- 	Fully depleted diode array
- 	81  36.6 mm2  300 m, 57,462 pixels
- 	Indium bump-bonded to 16 chips
- 	Chips read out in parallel (5 ms)
- 	Module control board
- BANK:
- 	5 modules
- 	Bank control board caches data
- DETECTOR:
- 	12 banks
- 	Adjustable V-shape
- With fine-slicing, a 180 rotation may produce
- 2000 8 MB images (16 GB) in ~3 min.

**SLS Detector Group**