# Presentation: 892263

## +

- What’s the Deal?

- Victor Reis

- (with Lessons from Science Based Stockpile Stewardship)

## Outline

-  What is SciDAC
-  What is GNEP
-  An Example of where Simulation really mattered:
- Stockpile Stewardship & ASCI
-  GNEP and SciDAC

## Science/Problems/Interdisciplinary/Ultrascale Computing

- Part of DOE’s Office of Science- SC

## SC Research Portfolio: Critical Questions that need Answers

- Can we predict the effects of cracking, aging and fatigue on materials?
- Can we improve the efficiency and specificity of the catalysts that produce
- the materials of the modern world?
- Can we predict the structure and function of proteins from a knowledge of the DNA sequence?
- Can we reliably predict the evolution of the earth's regional climates decades and centuries into the future?
- Can we control the instabilities that lead to the loss of power in fusion devices?
- Can we design more efficient heavy-ion accelerators for inertial fusion?
- Can we design more powerful particle accelerators for high-energy physics?
- Is the Standard Model of particle physics complete?

- Possible relation to GNEP

## What is GNEP?

- President George W. Bush
- Radio Address:  February 18, 2006

- This morning, I want to speak to you about one part of this initiative: our plans to expand the use of safe and clean nuclear power. Nuclear power generates large amounts of low-cost electricity without emitting air pollution or greenhouse gases.

## GNEP Has Three Simultaneous Goals

- Lots of Nuclear Power
- (1000 ~2000 GWyr by 2050)

- Reduce
- Proliferation
- Risk

-  Spent Fuel is an **asset** to be managed – not a waste.

-  Global Issues require global solutions

- GNEP Principles:

- _GNEP Has Three Simultaneous Goals_

- Dispose of
- radioactive
- waste

- U.S. Policy Change: recycling by
- “fuel cycle” states

## Key Non-proliferation Element of GNEP is Fuel Leasing

- _Key Non-proliferation Element of GNEP is Fuel Leasing_

## An Early Suggestion for Fuel Leasing

## Possible Fuel Leasing Configuration

- Partner State

- Reactor

- ORE

- Fuel Cycle State

- Separate

- Fast
-  Reactor

- Thermal
-  Reactor

- Fuel

- Spent
- Fuel

- Fuel

- Enriched
- Uranium

- Recycle

## GNEP Process Just Beginning

- France – active follow-up
- Japan – active follow-up
- United Kingdom (In midst of Government Energy Study)
- Russia – active follow-up
- China  - follow up May 22-23, 2006

- ~ 100 Countries briefed at International Atomic Energy Agency

- Science Attaches briefed in DC:
-  Russia, UK, France, China, Japan, S. Korea, Canada, Italy, Switzerland, Finland, Germany, Australia, South Africa, Netherlands, Brazil, Argentina, Indonesia, Turkey, Greece, Croatia, Norway, Nigeria, Israel, Viet Nam

- Detailed Discussion with Canada, South Korea

- _GNEP Process Just Beginning_

- International Response Positive

- Open to discussions with all interested states.

## GNEP Approach Consists of Multiple Elements

- “Harmonize” Country Policies and Strategies
- Common Vision
- Compatible Country Strategies
- Develop Cooperative Programs
- Scientific Research
- Technology Demonstrations
- Personnel Exchange
- Develop Fuel Cycle Regime
- Commercial Deals
- Fuel Banks
- Interim Storage

## Proposed GNEP Strategy for U.S.

- No separated Plutonium
- Little Transuranic waste
- “No liquid process waste

## 24 stage 2-cm Centrifugal Contactor in Hot Cell

- 24 stage 2-cm Centrifugal Contactor in Hot Cell

- Separation Technology Based Upon Centrifugal Contactors

-  Continuous
-  Flexible
-  “No” liquid waste

## Example GNEP Fuel Cycle Flow Sheet

- Chopping and

- Nitric Acid

- Dissolution

- UREX Process

- Decay Storage

- of Cs

- &

- Sr

- CCD-PEG

- TRUEX
- Process

- Product
- Conversion

- Nitric Acid
- Re-dissolution

- Blending and

- Product

- Conversion

- High-Level
- Waste Form
- (Vitrification)

- Storage/Disposal of
- Remaining U3O8

- Uranium

- U

- 3

- O

- 8

- Powder

- Product
- Conversion &
- Packaging

- Technetium

- TRU  + Fission Products

- TRU

- +

- Remaining Fission Products

- Cs/Sr

- TRU + Lanthanides

- .

- TRU and Lanthanides Oxides

- TRU

- Cladding Hullsand Iodine

- Lanthanides

- Fission
- Products

- Well understood &demonstrated, fewissues associated with scale-up

- Understood &
- demonstrated at
- lab-scale/prototypic
- environment

- U3O8 for fuel fabrication

- Still significant R&D, not well understood & not demonstrated
- at any scale

- TALSPEAK
- Process

- Advanced
- Burner Reactor

- Advanced Fuel
- Fabrication

- LWR Spent
-  Fuel

## Possible Implementation Approach

**Phase 1**

**Phase 2**

## Issues With US GNEP

- Cost of Separation
- Transuranic Fuel
- Cost of Burner Reactor

- Demonstrations

- Robust R&D
- (Especially Simulations!)

## Stockpile Stewardship: The Problem

-  Seek a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty

- _Stockpile Stewardship: The Problem_

## Then:

- Resolution - size of feature
- Dimension - 3D
- Physics fidelity - a lot

- Run time~ 2 weeks

- ~ 100 teraflops (100,000 gigaflops)

- _Stockpile Stewardship (ASCI) Simulation Goal:__ _

- By 2004 (Designers with test experience retired – need for validation)

-  Visualizing of results - interact with designers brains

-  Academic alliances ~ like SciDAC
- 	- fill the intellectual pipeline
- 	- validation on “testable” large multidisciplinary problems

## Computing Speed in June 1993 -

- Speed in Gigaflops

- DOE Defense Programs FY ‘94 Advanced Computing Budget $10M

## ASCI

- Team

- Livermore

- IBM

- Equivalent Teams
- At Los Alamos & Sandia

## TOP 500 list  - November 2005 

- TOP 500 list  - November 2005

- Speed
- in gigaflops

## Lessons from ASCI

- Successful simulation  enterprise requires focus and sustainability,    i.e. must be owned by an enduring institution
- national lab
- some university ASCI centers have done well at a smaller scale.
- industry?
- Core group must own mission, design role, applications development and platform / environment.
- Key milestones must provide program value.
- Focus on substantial “well-posed” problems.
- Science must be integrated from the start
- Traditional “validation” does not work well when codes, methods and fundamental understanding undergo rapid evolution.

## More ASCI lessons

- Hierarchy from mission need to application requirements to framework support.
- Design, computation and validation must be an integrated process.
- No such thing as “full physics.” Must be able to “tune” level of fidelity and dimensionality. Design requires 1000’s of runs simplifying some aspects to do design tradeoffs.
- University partnerships important – ideas, algorithms, models, codes, and of course people.
- It’s hard enough with a clear mission and one office controlling resources and providing direction.

**“****SciDAC follows these Principles”   Michael Strayer**

## GNEP and Simulation/SciDAC

-  Critical GNEP Problems
-  DOE Management Model
-  Funding Model
-  Issues

## GNEP / SciDAC Potential problems to be solved

- Materials (Actinide fuels)
- Integrated separations process waste forms and global repository performance
- “Revolution” in Reactor design
- Performance Based Design
- Fast
- Thermal
- Certification & Licensing
- International Safety & Security Standards

## A rigorous solution of the earthquake response problem presents a major simulation challenge  

**Fault Rupture**

**Wave propagation**

**Structural response**

## Management Topology in DOE for GNEP/SciDAC

- Utility

- Fundamental understanding

- U t i l i t y

- Bohr
- (basic)

- Pasteur
- (use inspired)

- Edison
- (applied)

- *from “Pasteur’s Quadrant” by Donald Stokes, 1997

- YES
- NO

-       NO                      YES

## Possible R&D funding and management models

- “Traditional” competitive peer review in basic sciences:
- 	Purpose is the broad advancement of scientific knowledge. Broad science goals set by program office in close collaboration with peer community,  open solicitation, competitive peer review selection, periodic peer review performance evaluation.
- DARPA (Circa 1990)
- 	Purpose is focused acceleration of technologies to revolutionize national security practices. Agenda developed collaboratively with community leadership. Program manager selects projects and monitors/manages results to achieve DARPA goals.
- Stockpile stewardship
- 	Purpose is to maintain nuclear deterrence without testing. President set the agenda.  Goals and objectives set in collaboration with laboratory management, lab scientific leadership, and DoD.  100% mission ownership by national laboratory / production plant.  Strict DOE and laboratory line management authority/accountability/funding to achieve program goals.
- ASCI:
- 	 Purpose is to replace underground testing with computational methods as basis for stockpile certification basis. DOE program initiative. Goals and objectives set in collaboration with laboratory technical leadership, industry partners and university computational science leadership.  100% national lab end use mission ownership, but industry has 50% share in computer systems development.  Commercial contracts for hardware development/acquisition; visualization and system software.  DOE/ national lab line management authority/accountability/funding  for major code projects and supporting software development. University Alliance program similar to “traditional”

## Comments

- International Program
- Change the Post Cold War World
- Attack Climate Change
- Role of Industry
- Energy & Health Care the big markets
- Role of DOE
- Intersects with every part of department

## A  time for action!

- A vision without action is a dream,
-  Action without vision is a nightmare

- Japanese Proverb

- 行動を伴わない構想は夢であり、
- 構想の無い行動は悪夢である。
- 日本の格言

- _A  time for action!_

## Global Nuclear Energy Partnership

- _Global Nuclear Energy Partnership_

## Summary: Nuclear Energy is in a Crisis

**Notes:**
Because of the relative ease of developing nuclear weapons and the convertibility of nuclear technology from civilian to military applications, the nuclear enterprise with always be in crisis. This will require a strong international management system - and will provide an opportunity for the U.S. to take that international leadership role. 

## Global Nuclear Energy Partnership – Role of United States

- Dwight D. Eisenhower “Atoms for Peace” December 8, 1953