# Presentation: 393768

## BNL Plans and Views in High Energy Physics 

*Steve Vigdor*
*P5 Meeting, March 7, 2008*

***BNL’s Vision for the Next Decade in HEP ***
***BNL’s Leadership Roles in Ongoing and Proposed Experiments***
***Advanced Accelerator R&D at BNL***
***Synergy with RHIC***
***Possible AGS Experiments at the Precision Frontier***

**Notes:**
Start with a safety Topic

## BNL Philosophy Going Forward

** ****Structural Problem I:    ***********t(design, fund, construct major new facility) ******≳ ************t(science program @ present generation facilities)***
***∴ ******single-minded pursuit of single (i.e., energy) frontier ************ need to design before physics results tell you what you need!***
***Unsustainable funding model***

**Solutions:  **
**1)  Diversity & improved balance among 3 “must-do” frontiers:****  **_***Energy;***_*** ***
_***Precision/sensitivity (incl. non-accelerator-based)***_*** -- ******origin of matter-antimatter asymmetry; new particles via symmetry or SM violations***
_***Cosmology***_*** -- ******nature of dark matter, dark energy***
**Support the most decisive precision experiments -- e.g., a very long baseline ******** exp’t -- and FNAL upgrade as needed to carry them out**
**3)        Aggressively pursue advanced accel. R&D to improve reach, cost-effectiveness of *****next*****-generation facilities at energy frontier**

**Structural Problem II:  *****U.S. HEP would shrink, change dramatically without major operating U.S. accelerator facility***
***Intellectual excitement migrates; ******funds from facility closure seldom return***

## Long-Term Vision for BNL HEP

** ****2010-15 physics payoff with ATLAS, Daya Bay**
** ****Large new construction projects fuel physics beyond 2015**
** ****Modest-scale complementary precision exp’t at FNAL or AGS can fill in physics gap**
** ****Cosmology a growth area for BNL Physics**

**Goal: *****technical + intellectual leadership in key experiments at 3 frontiers ******(energy, precision, cosmology)******, supported by theory and by critical advanced accelerator and detector R&D.***

- Excavation &

- EL

## Under Budget-Doubling Scenario...

**Energy frontier (= LHC)**

**Precision/Sensitivity frontier**

**Cosmology frontier**

**Theory**

**Advanced accelerator R&D**

**Under Budget-Doubling Scenario...**

*** ******Short-term AARD growth ************ viability in meeting ATF user demand, and 2012 goal for ************ Factory Design and ************ Collider Feasibility Reports***
*** ******Growth at precision frontier fuels Daya Bay and LAr development ramp-ups + significant role in one among: ************2e or rare K @ FNAL,          or ************ g-2 or deuteron EDM @ AGS.***

## Budget Implications of “Vision”

**With constant effort budgets, we cannot afford the growth indicated above.  In that scenario we protect our present core programs, and their natural evolution, in ATLAS, neutrinos, theory and advanced accelerator R&D.**

## Unique Capabilities BNL Brings to HEP Projects          

***Extensive experience planning/managing large HEP projects***
***Strong engineering leadership***
***Close collaboration with BNL HE theorists in developing physics programs***
***Strong Instrumentation Division supporting state-of-the-art technology development***
***Expertise in specific technologies -- e.g., LAr calorimetry, superconducting magnets, semiconductor detectors, low-noise electronics, high-power lasers for acceleration***
***Extensive experience and strong ongoing efforts in advanced accelerator design***
***Accelerator Test Facility***
***High-performance computing capabilities (RHIC-ATLAS Computing Facility, New York Blue, LQCD work)***
***Synergy with large NP-funded collider efforts, with strong overlap on experiment, theory, accelerator and computing fronts***
***NP funding for AGS/RHIC base ops. and RACF space expansion***

## BNL Roles at the Energy Frontier in ATLAS: Construction  

**Upgrade  Project office** (Lissauer)
**LAr  Calorimeter upgrade** (Lanni)
**Si tracker upgrade **(Lynn)
******Mega ********muon chambers for forward region** (Polychronakos)

**2****nd**** Small Wheel before lowering into ATLAS Hall on 2/29/08**

## BNL Roles at the Energy Frontier in ATLAS: Management  

**BNL Roles at the Energy Frontier in ATLAS: Management****  **

## BNL Roles at the Energy Frontier in ATLAS:  Software, Computing & Analysis Support  

** ****BNL hosts largest, and so far most successful, ATLAS Tier 1 Computing Center (M. Ernst)**
** ****Workload management system adopted by ATLAS for distributed data production and analysis (PanDA) was developed under BNL leadership (Wenaus)**

** ****A. Klimentov leads ATLAS Distributed Computing effort**
** ****BNL Analysis Support Center is resource for all U.S. ATLAS members: runs “jamborees” for users; maintains expertise in all aspects of ATLAS analysis software & computing; works with university users on analysis topics**

**Analysis jamboree at BNL, 12/07**

## BNL Roles at the Energy Frontier in ATLAS:  Physics Analysis 

***F. Paige leads efforts to evaluate SUSY early discovery potential with ATLAS @ LHC***

**BNL Roles at the Energy Frontier in ATLAS:  Physics Analysis**** **

***Physics with tau lepton ***(Protopopescu, Patwa, Tarrade)
***Strong D0 experience***
***H ************ ************ in Vector Boson Fusion***
***Top physics ***(Snyder, Assamagan)
*** ***
***Di-boson physics (WW, WZ, ZZ, Z************, W************) ***(Ma)*** ***

**~50 FTE total @ BNL, mostly on U.S. ATLAS Research Program support**

## BNL Roles at the Precision/Sensitivity Frontier: Neutrinos  

**MINOS Detector**

**BNL Roles at the Precision/Sensitivity Frontier: Neutrinos****  **

**Daya Bay**

**Very Long Baseline Experiment**

## BNL Roles in Daya Bay  

**BNL Roles in Daya Bay****  **

- BNL & LBNL host labs for US Project; Joint leadership structure with Chinese
- Steve Kettell: US Chief Scientist; Ralph Brown: US Chief Engineer; Dana Beavis: US Safety Officer
- BNL leadership of Muon System & Installation/Integration, liquid scintillator, simulation, etc.
- CD-2/3A Review January 8-10, 2008 – anticipate imminent approval

**sin****2 ****2********13**

**sin****2 ****2********13**

## BNL Paper Trail for    Very Long Baseline Exp’t  

**BNL Paper Trail for    Very Long Baseline Exp’t****  **

***Extra Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillations and CP Violation***
- Author: William J. Marciano      **hep-ph/0108181**

***Very Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiment for Precise Measurements of Mixing Parameters and CP Violating Effects***  **Phys.Rev.D68:012002,2003**.
- Authors: M.V. Diwan, *et al.*

***Proposal for an Experimental Program in Neutrino Physics and Proton Decay in the Homestake Laboratory     *****hep-ex/0608023**
- Authors: M. Diwan, *et al.*

***U.S. Long Baseline Neutrino Study****, *launched by S. Dawson & H. Montgomery; chaired by M. Diwan & G. Rameika  ******  *****NuSAG recommendations***

## Detector R&D for Future  Experiments

**  **Phototubes under pressure; optimization of photocathode
-   Water conditioning systems (common with Daya Bay)
-   Support systems
**  **Long-drift Liquid Argon Detector
**  **BNL has well-established capability in this technology
-   Original work of Radeka & Willis (1974)
-   R-806 (ISR); D0 (Tevatron); ATLAS (LHC)

- Make effective use of the unique physics and engineering capabilities at BNL

**Detector R&D for Future ******** Experiments**

**Note - Our focus is the physics: water Cerenkov, LAr , or even a mix of detector technologies, would be fine.  ****But, start of data-taking early during 2****nd**** half of next decade, as allowed by DUSEL ISE for 1****st**** ~100 kT detector, highly desirable!**

## Precision Options:  BNL-Inspired Flavor Physics at FNAL  

**Precision Options:  BNL-Inspired Flavor Physics at FNAL****  **

***Mu2e****** would search for conversion in nuclear field, with sensitivity to  R************e****** ~ 10 ************16****** and beyond (with Project X)***
*** ******keen probe of BSM charged lepton flavor violation***
*** ******very similar to MECO part of RSVP ************ strong BNL expertise***

***Rare K decay exp’ts ******would measure          K ************ ************ ************ ************ branching ratios to ************3% ************ unique probe of BSM flavor structure***
*** ******inspired by & using similar techniques to BNL predecessors E787/949 & KOPIO***
*** ******would really benefit from Project X !***

**We have contributed to discussions, EOI’s & could participate in one exp’t if budgets allow**

## Precision Options: Muon g-2 

**Precision Options: Muon g-2**** **

***Physics Beyond the Standard Model: ***
***Supersymmetry***** **
**SUSY working group report: Les Houches **
**2007 (Feb 08 archive)**
- “The strongest hint for a TeV-scale modifica-
- tion of the Standard Model originates from the
- anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.”

***sensitivity would need ~$55M (0.25 ppm “fast” version ~$30M)***
*** ******Ring and expertise exist at BNL (AGS ops costs shared with NP?); FNAL version offers some technical advantages in muon accumulation; J-PARC?***
*** ******BNL wants to see the physics done: will support regardless of location***

*** ******Proposed new exp’t to 0.1 ppm ************ 6*********

****** ****g-2 ring @ AGS**

## Precision Options:  Deuteron EDM @ AGS

**Precision Options:  Deuteron EDM @ AGS**

*** ******Longitudinally pol’d d beam from AGS into ring.***
*** ******Store beam for ~10******2****** s ~ spin coherence time.***
*** ******E*-field = v ************ B (1 T ************ 300 MV/m) precesses d spin out of plane if dEDM ************ 0.***
*** ******CW and CCW beams with 2-in-1 magnet design cancels many syst. errors.***
*** ******Sensitivity ******≳ ******nEDM @ SNS attainable.***
*** ******Another opportunity for NP-HEP funding sharing?***

****** ****Orbit where d spin and momentum remain ||**

## BNL Growth at the Cosmology Frontier

**Tololo**

**Pach**ó**n**

**BNL Growth at the Cosmology Frontier**

## BNL Roles in LSST 

**BNL Roles in LSST**

** ****Focal plane:**
-  200 over-depleted thick silicon CCDs
-  highly parallel fast readout
-  integrated front-end electronics
-  ultra-flat mosaic assembly
** ****BNL (Instrumentation Div.) role:**
-  ***Lead institution for sensor development***
-  CCD modeling and characterization
-  optical metrology
-  integration of key focal plane building block
-  a natural outgrowth of BNL detector R&D

** ****Nascent Physics research effort funded by HEP core research funds**
** ****Search for 2 junior scientists under way, BNL Program Development funds for early support**

****** ****Strong potential BNL contributions on instrumentation + simulation/ analysis computing (also for nearer-term digital sky survey exp’ts)**

## BNL Roles in Advanced Accelerator R&D:  Accelerator Test Facility (ATF)

**BNL Roles in Advanced Accelerator R&D:  Accelerator Test Facility (ATF)**

**A unique user facility, with** ***high brightness electron gun, 75 MeV Linac, high power lasers, beam-synchronized at ps level***
**Steady improvements to beam emittance and laser power ******** tests of state-of-art concepts**

***Compton scattering within 10 ************m laser cavity ************ > 10******8****** X-rays! (*****N****X****/N****e-**** ****~0.3)**

***Particle Acceleration by Stimulated Emission of Radiation  (for e beam with CO******2******-laser-induced microbunching in CO******2****** cell)***

## BNL Advanced Accelerator Group: Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider R&D

**BNL Advanced Accelerator Group: Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider R&D**

**Aim for 2012 Reports on Multi-TeV Muon Collider technical feasibility and Internat’l Neutrino Factory design**

## BNL Magnet Division Roles in Advanced Accelerator R&D and Construction

**LHC:**
** ****Leadership roles in LARP (*****S. Peggs, P. Wanderer, A. Ghosh)***
*** ******4 m Nb******3******Sn superconducting coils***
*** ******Hope to contribute SC magnets for LHC Accelerator Upgrade Construc-tion (LAUC)***

**ILC Final Focus R&D:**
** *****BNL ultra-compact “direct wind” SC magnet technology now baseline for all ILC Final Focus magnets***
*** ******Significant increase in Machine-Detector interface activities (B. Parker heads GDE IR Integration Group)**** *

## Synergy with Accelerator R&D @ RHIC (NP Funding)

**Synergy with Accelerator R&D @ RHIC (NP Funding)**

***RHIC has become hotbed of beam cooling!  E.g., V. Litvinenko & Y. Derbenev aim to test concept of ******Coherent Electron Cooling****** of high-energy hadron beams with high-gain FEL based on high-brightness ERL:***

- FEL-amplified e-beam density modulation  E field that reduces energy spread in co-moving (same ) ion beam

- Ion beam dispersion allows coupling to give transverse cooling also

## High Energy Theory Group

**Important roles in core activities and plans**

**LHC Collider physics**
**Paige, Dawson, Kilgore, **
**Soni, Davoudiasl**

**Electroweak Physics:**
**Neutrinos, Fundamental Symmetries**
**Marciano**

**Lattice Gauge theory**
**Creutz, Soni**

**Astroparticle-cosmology**
**Davoudiasl**

**Working in concert with a unique BNL environment:**
**  ****Nuclear Theory****  ****Kharzeev et al**
**  ****RBRC Theory group  **
**  ****Lattice Gauge Theory group  ****Karsch et al**

- Central players in USQCD Collaboration, LQCD-II proposal for next-generation hardware at few labs, including BNL

## Bottom-Line Messages

**Nobel-class physics at precision & cosmology, as well as energy, frontiers.**** **** Diversity/balance healthy for field and for BNL.**
**Take advantage of win-win opportunities to support and attract NSF funding for DUSEL exp’ts and LSST.**** **
**BNL work on LHC, continuing as host lab & analysis support center for U.S. ATLAS, can proceed at ~constant effort. Modest growth needed for more robust efforts in AARD, cosmology and expanded precision exp’t involvement.**
**BNL plans at precision frontier would benefit from Project X, but can be profitably launched earlier.  A long baseline exp’t should be launched as soon as practicable to enhance ********-sector CPV discovery potential.**
**BNL’s unique scientific, technical and management capabilities ******** critical contributions to broad research.**
**Synergy with high-energy NP also unique.  With modest project funding from HEP, AGS (as part of the RHIC complex) can be a resource for mid-term precision exp’ts.**

## Backup Slides

## Present Division of Effort in BNL’s Core HEP Programs

** ****Mainly staff salaries + modest Materials, Supplies & Travel**
** ****54.8 FTE total on core program; additional support staff on projects; Magnet Div. support (~$700K, ~2 FTE) not included**
** ****4 dominant pieces: ATLAS; Neutrinos; Theory; Adv. Accel. R&D**

## Snapshot of support personnel, mostly project-funded

**Snapshot of support personnel, mostly project-funded**

## A More Microscopic View, By Project

## Slide 30

## Recent Highlights and Milestones

**BNL leadership in ATLAS readiness for 1****st**** LHC collisions:**

**BNL leadership toward successful CD-2 review for Daya Bay:**

- Current costs and projections for readiness are consistent with funding guidance.  Painful but judicious choices are being made and we commend the process.
- Plans for U.S. access to data and ability to do analysis are adequate. User feedback was very positive... Demonstrated capability in the facilities and tools...
- Estimate of personnel needs for commissioning and running is credible...They are making good use of a very talented team of people.
- U.S. contribution and quality [are] significant and excellent.
- The recommendations from last year have been addressed in commendable ways.

**e.g., from Feb. 4-7, 2008 DOE-NSF US-LHC S&C + M&O Review:**

## Scientific Leadership Roles

- Creutz:  US Lattice Gauge Theory Executive Committee
- Dawson:  EPP2010, Chair, Fermilab PAC, AAAS Section Board, KITP Advisory Board, FNAL Steering Group for Accelerator Futures
- Diwan: Homestake DUSEL Executive Board, co-chair BNL/FNAL long baseline study
- Ernst:  ATLAS International Computing Board; WLCG Management Board
- Gordon:  ATLAS Construction Project Manager; Deputy US ATLAS Research Program Manager; Member Open Science Grid Council, Ice Cube Project Advisory Panel, NSF Review of NEON; DOE SLAC operations review
- Harrison: Regional director for ILC GDE, LHC Machine Advisory Cmte, LHC Cost & Schedule Cmte, DESY Machine Advisory Cmte, ILC Executive Cmte
- Kettell:  U.S. Project Chief scientist Daya Bay experiment
- H. Kirk:  Co-spokesperson for Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration; co-spokesperson CERN MERIT experiment
- Lanni: ATLAS Liquid Argon Upgrade Coordinator

## Scientific Leadership Roles- 2

- Lissauer: Leader of ATLAS Technical Coordination Project Office; Head of Upgrade Project Office
- Littenberg: Particle Data Group
- Ma: U.S. ATLAS Analysis Support Center leader
- Marciano:  Homestake DUSEL PAC, Particle Data Group, Coordinator fundamental symmetries group for NSAC long range plan
- Morse: Coordinator for very forward calorimeter for ILC SiD detector
- Ozaki: HEPAP, International Linear Collider Steering Group, Deputy Chair LCSGA, Chair LCSGA regional interest panel
- Palmer: Executive Board member for Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider
- Peggs: LARP program manager, FNAL Fermilab AAC, Chair APS Wilson Prize Cmte, Chair SciDAC Advisory Cmte
- Rajagopalan: ATLAS Trigger Menu Coordinator – interacts with all physics groups
- Samios: HEPAP, Director RIKEN BNL Research Center
- Semertzidis: BNL PAC, Working group leader for Flavor in the LHC Era
- Yakimenko:  ORNL Machine Advisory Committee