# Presentation: 343161

## Dietary Guidelines For Americans, 2005Kimberly F. Stitzel, MS, RDNutrition AdvisorDepartment of Health and Human Services

## Overview

- Dietary Guidelines process
- Overview of focus areas and recommendations
*Finding Your Way to a HealthierYou*

## What are the Dietary Guidelines?

- Science-based advice for ages 2+
- Promote health, prevent chronic disease
- Federal nutrition policy/programs
- HHS/USDA – Legislated for every 5 yrs.

**Notes:**
The Guidelines are science-based advice for Americans 2 years and older. 

The Sixth Edition of Dietary Guidelines for Americans was released on January 12, 2005

The Guidelines must be issued at least every 5 years by law. (Public Law 101-445, Title III, 7 U.S.Code 301 )

Government vehicle to speak with one voice

It’s essentially Dietary guidance issued by the Federal government, which were reviewed by the Secretaries of Agriculture and Health and Human Services

## Components of the Guidelines

- Report of the DGAC on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005- _[www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/](http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/)_
*Dietary Guidelines for Americans*, 2005
*Finding Your Way to a Healthier You: Based on the *Dietary Guidelines for Americans
- Implementation Tools
- DASH eating plan
- Food Label
- USDA Food Guidance System (Spring 2005)
- Toolkit for nutrition professionals
- _[www.healthierus.gov/dietaryguidelines](http://www.healthierus.gov/dietaryguidelines)_

## Slide 5

## Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005

- Policymakers, health professionals
- DGAC report, public comments
- Dietary recommendations for chronic disease prevention

## Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005

- 9 focus areas
- 23 general recommendations
- 18 specific population recommendations (e.g. older Americans, children, African Americans)

**Notes:**
All of these taken together represent the Dietary Guidelines.

## Nine Focus Areas

- Adequate Nutrients Within Calorie Needs
- Weight Management
- Physical Activity
- Food Groups To Encourage

- Fats
- Carbohydrates
- Sodium and Potassium
- Alcoholic Beverages
- Food Safety

## New for 2005

- Policy and consumer separate
- More recommendations
- More specificity in policy
- 2000 calorie reference diet
- Cups and ounces rather than servings
- Consumer research for messaging

## Adequate Nutrients Within Calorie Needs

- Consume a variety of nutrient-dense foods and beverages within and among the basic food groups while choosing foods that limit intake of saturated and *trans *fat, cholesterol, added sugars, salt, and alcohol
- DASH and FGS examples of healthy eating patterns

**Notes:**
Meet recommended intakes by adopting a balanced eating pattern, such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Guide or the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Eating Plan.Consume a variety of nutrient-dense foods and beverages within and among the basic food groups while choosing foods that limit the intake of saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, added sugars, salt, and alcohol. 

Meet recommended intakes within energy needs by adopting a balanced eating pattern, such as the USDA Food Guide or the DASH Eating Plan. 

## New for 2005

- Specific, detailed eating patterns DASH/USDA Food Guide
- 2000 calorie example
- Specific recommendations for:
- people over 50, women who may become pregnant and those in first trimester, older adults, dark skinned people, and people exposed to insufficient UVB radiation

**Notes:**
People over age 50. Consume vitamin B12 in its crystalline form (i.e., fortified foods or supplements). 
Women of childbearing age who may become pregnant. Eat foods high in heme-iron and/or consume iron-rich plant foods or iron-fortified foods with an enhancer of iron absorption, such as vitamin C-rich foods. 
Women of childbearing age who may become pregnant and those in the first trimester of pregnancy. Consume adequate synthetic folic acid daily (from fortified foods or supplements) in addition to food forms of folate from a varied diet. 
Older adults, people with dark skin, and people exposed to insufficient ultraviolet band radiation (i.e., sunlight). Consume extra vitamin D from vitamin D-fortified foods and/or supplements. 

## Physical Activity

- Engage in regular physical activity and reduce sedentary activities to promote health, psychological well-being, and a health body weight
- Achieve physical fitness by including cardiovascular conditioning, stretching, and resistance exercises.
- Children and adolescents – At least 60 minutes on most, preferably all, days of the week.

## New for 2005

- Specificity of recommendations
- At least 30 minutes to reduce risk of chronic disease
- Up to 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity may be needed to prevent gradual weight gain that occurs over time
- 60 to 90 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity to sustain weight loss
- Recommendations for specific populations

## Weight Management

- To maintain body weight in a healthy range, balance calories from foods and beverages with calories expended.
- To prevent gradual weight gain over time, make small decreases in food and beverage calories and increase physical activity

**Notes:**
To maintain body weight in a healthy range, balance calories from foods and beverages with calories expended. 
To prevent gradual weight gain over time, make small decreases in food and beverage calories and increase physical activity. 

## New for 2005

- For weight maintenance after loss- 60 to 90-minutes of moderate-intensity PA per day to sustain weight loss
- Specific recommendations for:
- Those who need to lose weight, overweight children, pregnant women, breastfeeding women, overweight adults and overweight children with chronic diseases and/or on medication

**Notes:**
Those who need to lose weight. Aim for a slow, steady weight loss by decreasing calorie intake while maintaining an adequate nutrient intake and increasing physical activity. 
Overweight children. Reduce the rate of body weight gain while allowing growth and development. Consult a healthcare provider before placing a child on a weight-reduction diet. 
Pregnant women. Ensure appropriate weight gain as specified by a healthcare provider. 
Breastfeeding women. Moderate weight reduction is safe and does not compromise weight gain of the nursing infant. 
Overweight adults and overweight children with chronic diseases and/or on medication. Consult a healthcare provider about weight loss strategies prior to starting a weight-reduction program to ensure appropriate management of other health conditions. 

## Food Groups To Encourage

- Consume sufficient amts. of fruits & vegetables while staying within energy needs
- For 2000 calories: 2 cups of fruit, 21⁄2 cups of vegetables
- Choose a variety of fruits and vegetables
- Consume 3 oz. equivalents of whole grains daily—at least half whole grains (rest enriched)
- Consume 3 cups per day of fat-free or low-fat milk or equivalent milk products

**Notes:**
Consume a sufficient amount of fruits and vegetables while staying within energy needs. Two cups of fruit and 21/2 cups of vegetables per day are recommended for a reference 2,000-calorie intake, with higher or lower amounts depending on the calorie level. 

Choose a variety of fruits and vegetables each day. In particular, select from all five vegetable subgroups (dark green, orange, legumes, starchy vegetables, and other vegetables) several times a week. 

Consume 3 or more ounce-equivalents of whole-grain products per day, with the rest of the recommended grains coming from enriched or whole-grain products. In general, at least half the grains should come from whole grains. 

Consume 3 cups per day of fat-free or low-fat milk or equivalent milk products. 

## New for 2005

- Focus on cups instead of servings
- Increase in amount from dairy group (3 cups)
- Specific number recommended for whole grains
- Foods groups identified with disease prevention
- Specific recommendations for children and adolescents
- At least half the grains should be whole grains
- Children 2 to 8 years should consume 2 cups fat-free or low-fat milk or equivalent milk products

**Notes:**
Children and adolescents. Consume whole-grain products often; at least half the grains should be whole grains. Children 2 to 8 years should consume 2 cups per day of fat-free or low-fat milk or equivalent milk products. Children 9 years of age and older should consume 3 cups per day of fat-free or low-fat milk or equivalent milk products. 

## Fats

- Consume less than 10 % of calories from saturated fatty acids, less than 300 mg/day of cholesterol and keep *trans* fatty acids as low as possible
- Total fat between 20 to 35 % with most fats from sources of PUFAs and MUFAs, such as fish, nuts, and vegetable oils
- Select and prepare meat, poultry, dry beans, and milk or milk products that are lean, low-fat, or fat-free
- Limit intake of fats and oils high in saturated and/or *trans* fatty acids

## New for 2005

- Focus on reducing *trans* and sat
- Increase emphasis on MUFAs and PUFAs
- Increase in range of total fat 20-35% (DRIs)
- Specific recommendations for children and adolescents
- Total fat between 30-35 % calories (2 to 3 yo)
- Total fat between 25-35% calories (4 to 18 yo) with most fats coming from PUFAs and MUFAs such as fish, nuts and vegetable oils

## Carbohydrates

- Choose fiber-rich fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- Choose and prepare foods and beverages with little added sugars or caloric sweeteners, such as amounts suggested by the DASH eating plan and FGS
- Consume sugar- and starch-containing foods and beverages less frequently to reduce caries

## New for 2005

- Focus on fiber
- Examples of food patterns with quantifications of maximum added sugars for healthful diet

## Sodium and Potassium

- Consume < 2,300 mg (~1 tsp. salt) of sodium per day
- Choose and prepare foods with little salt. At the same time, consume potassium-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables.

**Notes:**
Consume less than 2,300 mg (~1 tsp. salt) of sodium per day.

## New for 2005

- Specific recommendations for individuals with hypertension, blacks, and middle-aged and older adults
- Aim to consume no more than 1,500 mg of sodium per day, and meet the potassium recommendation (4,700 mg) with food.

## Alcoholic Beverages

- Those who choose to drink alcoholic beverages should do so sensibly and in moderation – defined as the consumption of up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men.
- Alcoholic beverages should not be consumed by some individuals
- Alcoholic beverages should be avoided by individuals engaging in activities that require attention, skill, or coordination

## Food Safety

- To avoid microbial foodborne illness:
- Clean hands, food contact surfaces, and fruits and vegetables.  Meat and poultry should not be washed or rinsed.
- Separate foods
- Cook foods to safe temperature
- Chill perishable foods promptly.
- Avoid unpasteurized milk, raw eggs, raw or undercooked meat and poultry, unpasteurized juices, and raw sprouts.

## Consumer brochure

## Consumer Research

- Create messages that will inspire individuals to seek more info
- Communicate scientifically accurate concepts

## Finding Your Way to a Healthier You: Based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans

- Feel better today. Stay healthy for tomorrow.
- Make smart choices from every food group
- Find your balance between food and physical activity
- Get the most nutrition out of your calories

## Consumer Research Application

- Motivation is essential.
- Trust is important.
- The more and individual knows, the more choices they have.
- Keep it simple, but true to the science.

## Toolkit

- In partnership with ADA
- Dynamic
- Personalizable

## Toolkit for Health Professionals

- Background
- Communicating the Guidelines
*Fact Sheets*
*Qs and As*
*Presentations*

- DASH eating plan
- Working Together
*Food Guidance System*
*Food Label*
*Meal Planning*
*Tips*
*Spanish Materials*

## Slide 32

## www.healthierus.gov/dietaryguidelines