# Presentation: 183800

## Carrier Phase-Based GNSS:a university research agenda

**Chris Rizoz:**

**Chris Rizoz:**

**Chris Rizos**
- Satellite Navigation & Positioning (SNAP) Group, School of Surveying & Spatial Information Systems
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

- Civil GPS Service Interface Committee Meeting10-11 February 2003, Melbourne, Australia

## GPS R&D: The Big Picture 
University GPS Research Topics
The Australian Scene: CRC & NICTA
Directions in SNAP Research

- University GPS Research Topics
- The Australian Scene: CRC & NICTA
- Directions in SNAP Research

**Overview**

## GPS: Space-Based Positioning System of Unequalled Versatility

**Geodetic technique **--** *****accurate, low-cost, portable, massive ground infrastructure***
**Surveying tool **-- ***valuable addition to the surveyor's toolkit***
**Navigation technology **--** *****affordable, ubiquitous, impacting on all marine-air-land navigation practice***
**Consumer electronics **-- ***alter society's view of the world & influence the mobile services provided through wireless technologies***

## First civilian GPS (geodetic) receivers, early 1980s

***First civilian GPS (geodetic) receivers, early 1980s***

***First Australian GPS control survey, ******state of South Australia 1985***

## 1980s: military, surveying & geodesy
1990s: navigation users
2000s: consumer electronics, LBS

**1980s:**** military, surveying & geodesy**
**1990s:**** navigation users**
**2000s:**** consumer electronics, LBS**

***This has influenced the R&D trends...****** ******So what have the universities been doing?***

## Australian University GPS R&D (1)

**‘****Geodesy’ the primary driver since the mid-1980s**
**Concentrated in depts of surveying/geomatics**
**Algorithm development... *****CPH modelling & processing, AR, etc.***** **
**Applications focus... *****geodynamics, reference frame, surveying, “kinematic”, etc.***
**UNSW, CUT, UM, RMIT, USA, UT, UC, QUT**

***Has uni R&D focus evolved with application trends?***

## Australian University GPS R&D (2)

**Largely CPH-based... *****PR techniques & apps have been shunned***
**No hardware developments... *****EE skills lacking***
**No navigation technology ‘research culture’... *****EE depts totally indifferent to GNSS R&D***** **
**Industry dominated by SMEs... *****minor influence on university R&D***
***Can university R&D capability adapt to new challenges?***

## Convergence of Developments

- Wireless Communications
- Mobile Computing
- Mobile Positioning
- Spatial Database Servers

***Will the Uni R&D agenda reflect such mainstream technologies/apps, or remain focused on niches???***

## GPS:  the “slow burn” technology

**At heart of convergence of ****crucial technologies: *****GPS the core technology***
**Low-cost, high-performance of GPS**
**GPS as infrastructure: *****a vital utility***
**Next generation GNSS: *****modernized GPS, Galileo, etc*****.**
**Massive potential for new ****products & services**

## GPS-Related Research Challenges (1)

- _Deformation/Geodynamics_:GPS HW/SW systems, coms issues, time series analysis, DInSAR/remote sensing, engineering apps, etc.
- _CGPS_:Base stn QC/ops, coms issues, web apps, scalability, servers, multi-functionality, new services, non-positioning apps, etc.
- _GPS Meteorology_:Ionospheric & tropospheric studies, ground & space-based, interaction with NWM, etc.

- _"Indirect" GPS_:Bistatic radar imaging, multipath analysis, ground & airborne systems, remote sensing apps, etc.
- _Long-Range Kinematic GPS_:Ocean buoy positioning, CGPS apps over long distances, coms issues, etc.
- _GPS/Glonass/Galileo_:Observation modelling, new data processing algorithms, multi-frequency OTF-AR, QC, new apps, receiver customisation, etc.

## GPS-Related Research Challenges (2)

- _Precise Navigation_:New apps, coms link issues, new instrumentation, new algorithms, etc.
- _Hazard Monitoring_:Volcanoes, landslides, structural integrity, ground subsidence, *which technology & processing strategies?*
- _GNSS Augmentations_:WAAS, WADGPS, RADGPS, *testing & advice on implementation issues*
- _GPS & Internet & Wireless_:Internet DGPS, RTK, processing engines, monitoring & control, etc.

- _Multi-Sensor Systems_:GPS+INS, LIDAR, CCD+, MEMS  integration challenges.
- _MSS Applications_:Mobile mapping, augmented reality, robotics (guidance/control), etc.
- _New Technologies_:Pseudolites, receiver designs, mobilephone positioning, WLAN, etc.
- _Telegeoinformatics_:LBS, GIS, indoor positioning, *apps issues, mobile devices & wireless coms.*

## The Australian Scene

**GPS expertise concentrated in surveying/geomatics depts., *****not EE*****.**
**Applied/practical research is more valued by industry, *****but CPH-based research provides necessary challenges for academia*****.**
**Australian GPS R&D is worldclass (although predominantly focused on CPH-based tech/apps).**
***Cooperative Research Centre in Spatial Information (CRC-SI) to be established mid-2003.***
***National ICT Centre-of-Excellence established 2002.***

## CRC-SI (1) 

**Industry, government & university consortium**
**To begin from mid-2003**
**Seven year funding **>$4m(cash),$10m(inkind) p.a.
**Focus on the science & applications of SI**
**Five research programs**
**Seven demonstrator projects**
***Commercialisation, advanced training & technology transfer ****from CRC to industry & government partners*

***First opportunity for university GNSS R&D agenda to be shaped by industry/users... ***

## CRC-SI (2) 

**SME consortium**
**Public sector agencies: **Geosciences Australia, DIGO, DITM, Land Victoria, DOLA, AgWest, etc.
**Universities: **Univ. of Melbourne, UNSW, Curtin Univ., Charles Sturt Univ.
**Industry contributions: **ESRI, Intergraph, Raytheon, and others
**Headquarters at Univ. of Melbourne**
***Research programs headed by university****** researchers***
***Demonstrators link research to ******integrated outcomes***

## CRC-SI (3) 

**Integrated Positioning & Mapping Systems - *****Chris Rizos (UNSW)****** ***** **
- Metric Imagery as a Spatial Information Source - *Clive Fraser (UM)*
- Spatial Information System Design & Spatial Data Infrastructures - *Ian Williamson (UM)*
- Earth Observation for  Renewable Natural Resource Management - *Tony Milne (UNSW)*
- Modelling & Visualisation for Spatial Decision Support - *Ian Bishop (UM)*

## NICTA

**Recent announcement by Federal Government of ICT ‘centre of excellence’ to NSW-ACT consortium.**
**Universities: UNSW, ANU, Sydney Univ.**
**UNSW is lead institution.**
**Others: ACT, DITM, Lend Lease, ...**
**$130m over 5 years (matched by other funds).**
**>200 fulltime researchers & lots of graduate students.**
**Dominated by EE, Telecom Eng. & Comp. Sci.**
***Challenge: how to encourage R&D into SI Technology & Applications?***

## Satellite Navigation and Positioning (SNAP) Group

- Located within the School of Surveying & SIS, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW.
- Largest and most active academic GPS R&D group in Australia.
***Specialising in the theory, technology and applications of positioning using GPS and other navigation technologies.***

**http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/snap**

## Project Theme 1

**Project Theme 1**

- Indonesian volcano monitoring
- Singapore building monitoring
- Appin area subsidence monitoring
- Mixed receiver networks
- Integration of GPS & DInSAR
- Tectonic & geomorphological interpretation of ground deformation
- Meteorological studies
- Time series analysis

## Project Theme 2

- CPH-based GPS/Glonass/ Galileo positioning
- Stochastic modelling
- Ambiguity resolution & validation
- INS data modelling
- PL data modelling & issues
- Integration of GPS & INS & PL
- Integration of navigation & image sensor systems, & associated HW issues
- Kalman filtering algorithms/SW

## Project Theme 3

- RTK-GPS, single & network-based
- Algorithms for kinematic positioning
- Single-frequency algorithms
- Pseudolite development
- Receiver firmware customisation
- Industrial applications of RTK
- Coms link R&D, *incl. Internet, WLAN*
- Software-defined receivers
- Embedded processors & RTOS
- GPS Development Kits

## Project Theme 4

- GPS & UNSW microsatellite
- Indoor positioning options
- UNSW demonstrators
- GPS & mobilephone positioning
- Mobile GIS-based projects
- Augmented reality
- WLAN & Bluetooth developments
- New collaborations

## Current SNAP R&D

- GPS+InSAR deformation monitoring techniques
- SydNET network-based GPS infrastructure & apps
- Pseudolite(+ other sensors) technology & applications
- Receiver firmware customisation
- Low-cost CPH-based positioning systems
- High performance, CPH-based kinematic positioning systems
- Indoor positioning concepts & technologies
- Indirect GPS signals research
- Stochastic modelling & fundamental research

## SydNET - Nine Site 

**SydNET** - Nine Site
- (15Km Radius)
- QSQR (LPI)
- PARR (LPI Parramatta)
- SUTH (Sutherland)
- HOXT (Liverpool)
- CAMD (Camden)
- PENR (Penrith)
- WIND (Hawkesbury)
- GALS (Hornsby)
- MONA (Pittwater)

## Uni R&D... From Geodesy to Telegeoinformatics?

**GPS-only algorithm research nearing the end, **some new 'lease-of-life' from Galileo & modernized GPS.
**Industry wants solutions, **hence core CPH competency must be preserved & made available for applications.
**Niche (precision) applications are still attractive, **but will increasingly involve system or sensor integration.
**Telegeoinformatics applications cannot be ignored, **being multi-disciplinary in nature, but more HW based.
**Days of ‘ivory tower’ R&D at unis are numbered, **must seek strategic partnerships for mutual benefit.