# Presentation: 754293

## Building Better Communities:

- A Municipal Responsibility

**Notes:**
The goals of this series of modules are to generate a municipal awareness of natural resources regarding water quality and natural resource protection and to have them take take action that includes adequate conservation measures in local planning, ordinance development, and capital improvement programs.

The measurable objectives that it is hoped will be achieved include:
1. To create a program that all SWCDs can use and/or customize when educating elected officials, managers, public works departments, and planning commissions on natural resource issues.
2. To contact municipalities starting with those needed to address TMDLs (e.g., Salt Creek, DuPage River, Fox River, etc.) to present the program and provide technical assistance if requested.
3. To promote the use of BMPs in natural resource protection efforts.
4. To enhance municipal awareness to recognize that natural resources are part of a village’s infrastructure.
5. To have the village’s ordinances correspond to the comprehensive plan regarding natural resource protection.

## Building Better Communities:A Municipal Responsibility

- Your Local Soil and Water Conservation District

## Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

The practice of preventing the movement of soil and sediment from its original position on the landscape during and after development.  

- The practice of preventing the movement of soil and sediment from its original position on the landscape during and after development.

- Building Better CommunitiesA Municipal Responsibility

**Notes:**
The management plan needs to address the soil erosion and sediment control principles and select the appropriate best management practices.

This is the third in a series of modules covering natural resource conservation issues that municipal and county officials and staff need to be aware of as they plan for development.

## Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

**To understand how we impact and are impacted by water, the concept of the water cycle is key**

- Graphics credit: Delaware Dept. of Natural Resources

**Notes:**
Impacts in one part of the system results in impacts throughout the system. Management programs which focus on one aspect of stormwater without paying attention to the total water cycle produces all sorts of surprises and are typically doomed to failure. 
If inputs by infiltration are DECREASED by 10 inches, then surface runoff is INCREASED by 10 inches. Following along the flow on the diagram, the groundwater reservoir, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture elements will be reduced by 10 inches, which will be reflected in stream baseflow reductions.

Resource: Conservation Design for Stormwater Management, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and The Environmental Management Center, Brandywine Conservancy 

## Soil Erosion and Sediment Control We Are All Connected!

- Graphics credit: Kane-DuPage SWCD

**Notes:**
Soil erosion and sediment control on an individual site has effect in its subwatershed as well as in the watershed the subwatershed is a part of.

## Why Should You Be Concerned?

- It’s the law.
- Soil erosion and sediment control is required by:
- Federal regulations
- State laws
- Local ordinances

- Photo credit SWCD of Lake County

**Notes:**
Concerns over the detrimental impact that erosion and the resulting sediment have on the water resources, has resulted in numerous regulations being adopted at various levels of government.

## Why Should You Be Concerned?

- Construction Sites
- Soil erosion from a construction site without proper soil erosion and sediment control practices in place can average between 20-200 tons/acre/year. This is 10 to 20 times greater than the typical soil losses on agricultural lands.

- Photo credit NRCS Bourbonnais

## Why Should You Be Concerned?

**Surface Water Quality:**
- Nearly 45% of Illinois streams and more than 75% of lake acres assessed have been adversely impacted by nonpoint source pollutants.
- Urban runoff and construction site erosion have been identified as significant sources of this pollution.

- Photo credit Kane-DuPage SWCD

**Notes:**
Source: Illinois Environmental Protection Agency "Illinois Water Quality Report”, 1994-1995 (305 (b) Report). 

## Why Should You Be Concerned?

**   ****Fish and Aquatic Organisms**
- Sediment deposits destroy fish spawning areas resulting in the loss of sensitive or threatened fish species.
- Suspended solids cause serious damage to aquatic life.

- Photo credit Kane–DuPage SWCD

**Notes:**
Sediment deposits also adversely impact aquatic macroinvertebrates which are at the base of the food chain, reduce channel capacity, and decrease the overall quality of lakes, streams, and wetlands. 
Suspended solids reduce sunlight penetration needed for aquatic plants, reduce survival rates for fish eggs, interfere with fish feeding habits and clog and damage fish gills which increases risk of infection and disease.

## Why Should You Be Concerned?

**Chemical Pollutants**
-  Chemicals such as pesticides, phosphorus, as well as toxicants and trace metals can be transported with sediment to receiving waters where they cause additional damage to aquatic ecosystems.

- Photo credit USDA NRCS

## Why Should You Be Concerned?

**Damage to Wetlands and Aquatic Plants**
- Approximately 70% of permitted sites show evidence of sediment accumulation resulting from erosion
- Sediment deposition of less than .1 inch results in a 60-90% decrease in wetland seed germination from new seedings or from wetland seed banks
- Decreased species diversity
- Increase in undesirable species

**Notes:**
Source: "Wetland Mitigation and 404 Permit Compliance Study", Final Report June 1998, published by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Chicago Illinois Field Office and the US Environmental Protection Agency., Region V, Watersheds and Non-Point Source Programs Branch. 

## Types of Erosion

- 1. Raindrop erosion
- 2. Sheet erosion
- 3. Rill and gully erosion
- 4. Streambank and bed erosion
- 5. Wind erosion

- Graphics credit IL Urban Manual

## Raindrop Erosion

**This is where it starts**
- Rain drops act as bombs
- They dislodge soil particles and allow for transport

- Photo credit USDA NRCS

## Sheet Erosion

- Sheet erosion is the removal of a layer of exposed soil by the action of raindrop splash and runoff.
- The water moves in broad sheets over the land and is not confined in concentrated flow paths.

- Photo credit NRCS Bourbonnais

**Notes:**
 Does not occur over long lengths of time; it quickly goes to rill and gully erosion.

## Rill and Gully Erosion

- Rill and Gully erosion occurs after runoff flows concentrate into rivulets, cutting into the soil surface.

- Photo credit Kane-DuPage SWCD

**Notes:**
As runoff flows it concentrates in rivulates, cutting several inches deep into the soil surface. These grooves are called rills. Gullies may develop in unrepaired rills or in other areas where a concentrated flow of water moves over the soil.

“Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

## Streambank and Bed Erosion

- Streambank and bed erosion occurs with an increase in the volume and velocity of runoff.

- Photo credit Kane-DuPage SWCD

**Notes:**
Increases in the volume and velocity of runoff may cause erosion of the stream banks and bottom.
Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

In urban areas this is a very common problem. In urban development, the runoff is often removed as soon as possible. This causes increases in volume and rate of runoff. As the watershed urbanizes, streambank and bed erosion drastically increase.

## Wind Erosion

- Wind erosion may occur on any soil whose surface is dry and unprotected by vegetation.

- Photo credit Kane-DuPage SWCD

**Notes:**
In urban areas wind erosion manifests mainly as dust. The main concerns with dust are:
Safety (ex. poor visibility) 
Health (ex. respiratory problems)
Nuisance 

## Factors Influencing Erosion

- Soils
- Surface Cover
- Topography
- Rainfall Intensity

- Photo credit Lake SWCD

**Notes:**
Soils – the vulnerability of a soil to erosion is known as its erodibility. Key factors that affect it are:
soil texture (average particle size, gradation and distribution)
soil content of clay and organic matter
soil structure (arrangement of soil particles)
Soil permeability (the easy by which water passes through the soil)
Surface cover shields the surface of the soil from the impact of falling rain because tree trunks, branches, stems, stalks, leaves, and roots break up water flow patterns and help catch sediment.
Topography – the most prominent topographic characteristic of the state is the flat Illinois till plain with its glacial deposits and associated water-laid sediments. The size and shape of each watershed influences the amount and rate of runoff. Ex.: a long narrow watershed will have smaller peak runoff rates than a more compactly shaped watershed having the same area.
Rainfall intensity  -- as both the volume and the velocity of runoff increase, the capacity of runoff to detach and transport soil particles increases. Where storms are frequent, intense, or of long duration, soil erosion risks are high.

Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

## Principles of Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

- Plan the site to fit its natural characteristics.
- Preserve and protect areas of existing vegetation.
- Take special precautions to prevent damages to adjacent watercourses, lakes, and wetlands.
- Minimize the extent and duration of the area exposed at one time.
- Apply temporary erosion control practices as soon as possible to stabilize exposed soils and prevent onsite damage.
- Install perimeter control and sediment control practices prior to site clearing and grading.
- Minimize runoff velocities and retain runoff on the site.
- Install measures to prevent sediment from being tracked onto public or private roadways.
- Complete final grading and install permanent vegetation on disturbed areas.
- Conduct thorough inspection, maintenance, and follow-up programs.

## Principles of Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

- Plan the site to fit its natural characteristics.
- Topography
- Soil
- Drainage patterns
- Existing vegetation

- Photo credit Green Book Slide Set

**Notes:**
Topography – the longer and steeper the slope, the greater the potential for an increase in runoff and velocity. Conversely, on very flat, swampy areas, a considerable amount of surface runoff may be retained in temporary storage, thus reducing runoff rate.
Soil which contain high proportions of silt and very fine sand are generally the most erodible. Particles in this size range are easily detached and carried away. 
Drainage patterns -- if the natural drainage system of a site can be preserved instead of being replaced with storm sewers and concrete channels, the potential for downstream damages due to increased runoff can be minimized. 
Existing vegetation –the nature of ground surface is very important in determining the amount of water that runs off the land and thus the amount of sediment removed. 

Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

## Principles of Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

- Preserve and protect areas of existing vegetation.

- Photo credit Green Book Slide Set

**Notes:**
Areas which are currently protected by vegetative cover can be developed with a minimum of erosion problems if the existing vegetative cover is preserved commensurate with the development phasing of construction program.

Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

By reducing the amount of area exposed, the detachment of soil particles caused by raindrop erosion will be reduced. Good vegetation cover prevents erosion and leaves less sediment to catch later.

## Principles of Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

- Take special precautions to prevent damages to adjacent watercourses, lakes, and wetlands.

- Photo credit  Kane-DuPage SWCD

**Notes:**
Precautions:  -silt fences
                     - temporary sediment traps
                     - buffers
                     - fencing
                     - filter strips

## Principles of Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

- Minimize the extent and duration of the area exposed at one time.

- Photo credit Kane-DuPage SWCD

**Notes:**
The development plan should be phased in workable units and in construction sequence so that only the area actively being developed is exposed. All other areas should have a good cover of vegetation or mulch.

Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

Some ordinances – Kane County Stormwater Ordinance, Illinois Department of Transportation, Illinois State Highway Authority – require that only 20 acres be developed at one time; areas have to be stabilized before new land disturbance occurs.

## Principles of Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

- Apply temporary erosion control practices as soon as possible to stabilize exposed soils and prevent onsite damage.

- Photo credit NRCS Plainfield

**Notes:**
Mechanical, structural and vegetative methods are available for stabilizing disturbed areas. In some cases both are combined in order to slow soil erosion.

Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

## Principles of Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

- Install sediment control and perimeter control practices prior to site clearing and grading.

- Photo credit NRCS Plainfield

**Notes:**
These control measures are necessary in order to retain sediment within the site boundaries. Sediment can be retained by two methods: filtering runoff as it flows and detaining sediment-laden runoff for a period of time so that soil particles settle out. The best way to reduce sediment is to prevent erosion.

Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

## Principles of Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

- Minimize runoff velocities and retain runoff on the site.

- Photo credit Kane-DuPage SWCD

**Notes:**
This slide shows a temporary sediment trap near the perimeter of the site; the drainage is to the bottom of the slide.
Removal of existing vegetative cover and the resulting increase in impermeable surface during development increase both the volume and velocity of runoff. These must be taken into account when providing for soil erosion control. Short slopes, low gradients, and the preservation of the natural vegetative cover help to keep stormwater velocities low, and thus limit soil erosion hazards.

Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

## Principles of Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

- Install measures to prevent sediment from being tracked onto public or private roadways.

- Photo credit NRCS Plainfield

**Notes:**
Stabilized construction entrance(s) should be installed at all points of construction ingress and egress.

Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

## Principles of Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

- Complete final grading and install permanent vegetation on disturbed areas.

- Photo credit NRCS Plainfield

**Notes:**
The measures that should be taken to fulfill this principle are permanent seeding, dormant seeding, sodding and installing ground cover.

Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

## Principles of Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

- Conduct thorough inspection, maintenance, and follow-up programs.

**Notes:**
A site cannot be effectively controlled without thorough, periodic checks of the erosion and sediment control practices. An example of applying this principle would be to start a routine “end of day check” to make sure that all practices are working properly.
 See slide 32 and 33
Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

## Sequencing of SE/SC 

- Install all runoff and sediment control practices around the perimeter of the site.
- Install and stabilize construction entrance(s).
- Install and stabilize stormwater management facilities.
- Seed within 7 days (temporary or permanent).
- Phase the plan in workable units in a construction sequence so that only the area actively being developed is exposed.

**Notes:**
These practices should not only include silt fences.

## Sequencing of SE/SC 

- Seed both temporary and permanent vegetation to all appropriate areas, including soil stockpiles and disturbed areas.
- Stabilize all channels adequately (with channel lining and outlet protection).
- Take measures to address dust control as needed (stabilize with seed and water spraying trucks).

## Inspection

- At a minimum, inspect BMPs every 7 days or after a 0.5 inch rain event or event or equivalent snowfall.
- Inspect BMPs daily during prolonged rain events.
- Conduct annual inspections for permanent stormwater management BMPs.

## Maintenance

- Apply maintenance _continually_ to all soil erosion and sediment control measures until the site is stabilized.
- When the time is appropriate, all temporary control structures that are no longer necessary will need to be removed. Also, all control structure repairs and sediment removal will need to be done.

## Soil Erosion Sediment Control BMP Selection Process

**Step 1 – Identify the control problem**
- Sediment control
- Runoff control
- Soil stabilization

**Notes:**
On any construction site the objective in SE/SC is to prevent off-site sedimentation damage. The three basic methods useful to control on construction sites are sediment control, runoff control and soil stabilization. Controlling erosion should be used as the first line of defense where soil properties and topography of the site make the design of sediment trapping facilities impractical or where much of the site will not be disturbed and much of the vegetation can be preserved. Controlling erosion is very effective for small disturbed areas of a development  that do not drain to a sediment trapping facility.

Sediment trapping facilities should be used on large developments where mass grading is planned, where it is impossible or impractical to control erosion, and where sediment particles are relatively large. A minimum cost for SE/SC is usually accomplished by using a combination of erosion control and sedimentation control measures.

Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

## Soil Erosion Sediment Control BMP Selection Process

**Step 2 – Identify the problem areas**
- Large areas (>1 acre)
- Small areas (<1 acre)
- Drainageways
- Graded areas
- Slopes

**Notes:**
Once a method of control is selected, potential SC/SC problem areas are identified. Areas where erosion is to be controlled will usually fall into categories of slopes, graded areas or drainageways. Slopes include graded rights-of-way, stockpile areas, and all cut or fill slopes. Graded areas include all stripped areas other than slopes. Drainageways are areas where concentrations of water flow naturally or artificially, and the potential for gully erosion is high. Problem areas where sediment is to be controlled fall into categories of large or small drainage areas. Small areas are usually considered to be areas of one acre or less where filtering of sediment can be accomplished. Large areas include any drainage area larger than one acre where sediment must usually be trapped.

Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

## Soil Erosion Sediment Control BMP Selection Process

**Step 3 – Identify the required strategy**
- Protect the surface
- Manage surface water
- Divert runoff
- Convey runoff
- Trap sediment
- Filter sediment

**Notes:**
The third step in SE/SC is to follow the planning matrix from the problem areas to the strategy that can be taken to solve the problem. There may be several strategies used individually or in combination to provide the solution. For example, if there is a cut slope to be protected from erosion, the strategies may be to protect ground surface, divert water from the slope or shorten it. Any combination of the above can be used. If no rainfall except that which falls on the slope has the potential to cause erosion and if the slope is relatively short, protecting the soil surface is often all that is required to solve the problem.

Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

## Soil Erosion Sediment Control BMP Selection Process

**Step 4 – Identify the control measure group**
- Vegetative soil cover
- Non-vegetative soil cover
- Diversions
- Waterways
- Sediment basins/traps
- Sediment filters

**Notes:**
Once required strategies to solve SE/SC problem are identified, the planning matrix leads to the group or groups of control measures that will accomplish one strategy. Control measures within each group have similar purpose, scope, application, design criteria, standard plans, and construction specifications. Therefore, any measure within a group will solve the problem in question.

Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

## Soil Erosion Sediment Control BMP Selection Process

**   ****Step 5 – Select and implement the specific control measure such as:**
- Temporary seeding
- Permanent seeding
- Mulching
- Silt fence
- Sediment basin
- Grass swale
- Diversion

**Notes:**
The final step in SE/SC planning can be accomplished by completing final design. This involves adaptation of any control measure within a group to solve the specific SE/SC problem. The measure that is most economical, practical, efficient, and adaptable to the site can be chosen.

Once the specific control measure has been selected, the plan key symbol given in the matrix can be placed in the SE/SC site plan to show where control measures will be used. Standardized design, plan, and construction specification sheets can then be completed for each control measure. This completes the planning for soil erosion and sedimentation control as a part of the total natural resource plan.

Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

## Soil Erosion and Sediment Control BMP Guide 

**Notes:**
The 2002 version of the Illinois Urban Manual is available on CD ROM at your local NRCS/SWCD office. The latest version will also be available on the Illinois NRCS website at www.il.nrcs.usda.gov.

The IL Urban Manual is a technical manual containing best management practices (BMPs) for soil erosion and sediment control, stormwater management and special area protection.

## Soil Stabilization BMPs

- Mulching
- Erosion Blanket
- Temporary Seeding
- Permanent Seeding
- Sodding

**Notes:**
Soil stabilization measures are intended to provide protection of the soil surface from the erosive action of falling rain and runoff. The prime function of these measures is to prevent raindrop, sheet and rill erosion. 

Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

## Mulching

- It is the application of plant residues and other suitable materials to the soil surface.
- Its purposes are to prevent erosion and surface compaction by protecting soil surface from raindrop impact and reducing the velocity of overland flow.

- Photo credit Green Book Slide Set

**Notes:**
Other purposes include:
To foster the growth of vegetation by conserving available moisture and providing insulation against extreme heat and cold
To improve the aesthetics of the site
To control weeds

“Illinois Urban Manual CD”, A Technical Manual Designed for Urban Ecosystem Protection and Enhancement. Revised December 2002.

## Erosion Blanket

- It is a protective blanket of straw or other plant residue, usually with a plastic mesh on one or both sides.
- The purposes are to protect the soil from raindrop erosion and overland flows during the establishment of vegetation.

- Photo credit Kane-DuPage SWCD

- Photo credit NRCS Plainfield

**Notes:**
 This also conserves soil moisture
 Some blankets contain seed and fertilizer
--choose the appropriate blanket based on site conditions, different sites require different types of blankets

## Temporary Seeding

- This practice stabilizes the soil using fast growing vegetation.
- Its purposes are to stabilize the soil within 7 days and to reduce sediment until permanently stabilized.

- Photo credit NRCS Plainfield

- Photo credit North Cook SWCD

**Notes:**
Picture 1 – temporary seeding (rye)

## Permanent Seeding

- This practice establishes permanent vegetative cover to stabilize disturbed areas.
- Its purpose is to reduce erosion and decrease sediment.

- Photo credit NRCS Plainfield

- Photo credit North Cook SWCD

**Notes:**
Many erosion control blankets (picture no. 2) contain fertilizer and seeds.

## Sodding

- It stabilizes fine-graded disturbed areas by laying a continuous cover of grass sod.
- Its purposes are to prevent erosion and sedimentation, improve visual quality, and allows for immediate use.

- Photo credit NRCS Plainfield

## Runoff Control BMPs

- Rock Check Dams
- Temporary Diversions
- Temporary Swales
- Temporary Slope Drain
- Diversion

**Notes:**
Runoff control measures are intended to provide for management of concentrated flows of runoff. The prime function of these measures is to control gully erosion. 

Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

## Rock Check Dams

- A small rock dam constructed across a grassed swale or road ditch.
- Its purposes are to reduce the velocity of concentrated stormwater flows, reduce erosion, trap sediment, and increase infiltration.

- Photo credit NRCS Plainfield

- Photo credit North Cook SWCD

**Notes:**
It is important that the center of the rock check dam is lower then both the ends – see standard practice 905 in the IL Urban Manual

## Temporary Diversions

- A temporary diversion is  a ridge or channel across slope on the grade.
- Its purpose is to direct sediment laden flows to a trapping facility or stabilized outlet.

- Photo credit Kane-DuPage SWCD

## Temporary Swale

- A temporary swale is an excavated drainageway.
- Its purpose is to prevent runoff from reaching disturbed areas by intercepting and diverting it to a stable outlet.

- Photo credit Green Book Slide Set

## Temporary Slope Drain

- It is a flexible tubing or rigid conduit extending temporarily from the top to the bottom of a cut or fill slope.
- Its purpose is to convey concentrated runoff down the face of a cut or fill slope without causing erosion on or below the slope.

- Photo credit North Carolina SE/SC Manual

## Diversion

- It is a channel and supporting ridge constructed across the slope to collect and divert runoff.
- Its purpose is to divert excess water from one area for use or safe disposal in other areas.

- Photo credit NRCS Plainfield

## Sediment Control BMPs

- Silt Fence
- Stabilized Construction Entrance
- Temporary Sediment Trap
- Temporary Sediment Basin
- Inlet Protection
- Dewatering Devices

**Notes:**
Sediment control measures are intended to provide for the management of sediment on-site to avoid damage to adjacent properties and/or waterways.

Source: “Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control in Illinois”, The Urban Committee of the Association of Illinois Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Revised July 1988.

## Silt Fence

- It is a temporary, entrenched barrier of geotextile fabric attached to posts.
- Its purpose is to intercept sediment laden water from small drainage areas and cause deposition of sediment from SHEET flows.

- Photo credit SWCD of Lake Co.

## Stabilized Construction Entrance

- A stabilized construction entrance is a pad of aggregate over filter fabric located at any point where construction traffic enters/exits construction areas.
- Its purpose is to reduce or eliminate tracking of sediment onto public right-of-ways.

- Photo credit NRCS Plainfield

- Photo credit SWCD of Lake County

**Notes:**
 The bottom picture is what we do not want to see (think of road safety)

## Temporary Sediment Trap

- A temporary sediment trap is a small ponding basin formed by excavation or berm.
- Its purpose is to detain sediment laden water from disturbed areas.

- Photo credit Kane-DuPage SWCD

## Temporary Sediment Basin

- It is a basin constructed to collect and store debris and sediment.
- Its purposes are to trap sediment originating from constructions sites and to prevent undesirable deposition.

- Photo credit Green Book Slide Set

- Photo credit NRCS Plainfield

## Inlet Protection-Straw Bale

- Inlet protection is a temporary straw bale barrier around a drop inlet.
- Its purpose is to prevent sediment from entering storm drains.

- Photo credit SWCD of Lake County

## Inlet Protection-Fabric Drop

- It is a temporary fabric barrier placed around a drop inlet.
-  Its purpose is to prevent sediment-laden water from entering the storm sewer system.

- Photo credit North Cook SWCD

- Photo credit NRCS Plainfield

## Inlet Protection-Block and Gravel

- It is a temporary sediment control barrier formed around a storm drain inlet by the use of concrete blocks and gravel.
- Its purpose is to help prevent sediment from entering storm drains before the watershed is stabilized.

- Photo credit NC Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual

## Inlet Protection-Gravel and Wire Mesh

- It is a temporary sediment control barrier formed around a storm drain inlet by the use of gravel and wire mesh.
- Its purpose is to help prevent sediment from entering storm drains before stabilizing the site.

- Photo credit MN Protecting Water Quality
-  in Urban Areas

## Dewatering Devices

- These are designed to route sediment laden stormwater to a sediment filtering device prior to its leaving the site.
- Their purposes are to remove groundwater or collected surface water from a site without causing negative effects offsite.

- Photo credit Kane-DuPage SWCD

- Photo credit McHenry County SWCD

## Other SE/SC BMPs

- Dust Control prevents dust blowing and movement on construction sites and roads.
- Its purposes are to prevent blowing and movement of dust from exposed soil surfaces, to reduce on and off-site damage, to minimize health hazards and to improve traffic safety.

- Photo credit Green Book Slide Set

**Notes:**
Other SE/SC  BMPs include:
-filter strip
-permeable pavement

## Other SE/SC BMPs

- Temporary Stream Crossing is a  temporary structure installed across a stream or watercourse for short-term use by construction vehicles.
- Its purpose is to provide a means for construction vehicles to cross streams without moving sediment into streams, damaging the streambed, or causing flooding.

- Photo credit Kane-DuPage SWCD

**Notes:**
The practice applies where heavy equipment must be moved from one side of a stream channel to another, or where light-duty construction vehicles must cross the stream channel frequently for a short period of time. Generally, a temporary stream crossing is applicable to flowing stream with drainage areas less than 1 square mile. More exacting engineering methods should be used on larger drainage areas.

“Illinois Urban Manual. A Technical ManualDesigned for Urban Ecusystem Protectionand Enhancement. Revised January 2002.”

## Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Regulatory Realities

- Federal Clean Water Act-National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Phase II (NPDES, USEPA)
- Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs, USEPA)
- Illinois State Erosion and Sediment Control Guidelines
- County and Municipal Ordinances

## Regulatory RealitiesNPDES Phase II

**Small Construction Site Program**
- Applies to all construction sites greater than 1 acre statewide.
- Requires a stormwater pollution prevention plan that addresses SE/SC and construction site waste.
- Requires submittal of a notice of intent (NOI) and notice of termination (NOT) to IEPA.

## Regulatory RealitiesNPDES Phase II

*	***Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4)**
- Applies to “urbanized” areas around the state.
- Participant must own or manage separate storm sewers that include grass swales, road ditches and underground storm sewers.

## Regulatory RealitiesNPDES Phase II

**Who is affected?**
-    Municipalities having more than 10,000 in population and/or areas having a population density of greater than 1,000 people/square mile.

**Notes:**
These are urbanized areas as defined by US Census.

## Regulatory RealitiesNPDES Phase II – Small MS4

**Minimum Control Measures**
- Public Education and Outreach
- Public Participation and Involvement
- Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
*Construction Site Runoff Control*
- Post-Construction Runoff Control
- Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping

## Regulatory RealitiesNPDES Phase II

***      ******Construction Site Runoff Control ***What is required?
- Establish an ordinance covering SE/SC and other construction site waste.
- Develop and implement procedures for site plan review.
- Develop and implement procedures for site inspections and enforcement.
- Have sanctions to ensure compliance.
- Allow for public information.
- Determine appropriate BMPs and measurable goals.

## Training and Assistance

- Soil and Water Conservation District of Lake County _[www.lakeswcd.org](http://www.lakeswcd.org/)_
- Natural Resources Conservation Service
- Illinois EPA
- Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission
- International Erosion Control Association
- Others

## Resources

**IL Urban Manual CD**** **
**Procedures and Standards for Urban Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control (Green Book)**

## Resources

**Field Manual for Implementation and Inspection of Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plans **** **
**Model Ordinances**

## Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

- For additional information on NPDES Phase II abd TMDLs contact:
- IEPA Bureau of Water 217-782-3362
- _[www.epa.state.il.us/water/index.html](http://www.epa.state.il.us/water/index.html)_
- Your local Soil and Water Conservation District
- Lake County SWCD 847-223-1056
- www.lakeswcd.org

## Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer

- To file a complaint of discrimination write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.