# Presentation: 854705

## How Volcanoes, Earthquakes and  Landslides Change the Earth’s Surface

- Earth’s Changes

**Notes:**
Note-Please pause to show the dramatic effects of the changes which happened when Mt. St. Helens erupted May 18, 1980. This slide is composed of two photos, which show before and after the eruption. The animation settings are set to change with your mouse click.

## Some Processes that Change the Earth

**Notes:**
You may have written different changes on your Concept Map but we are focusing on these processes that change the earth quickly.

## Volcanoes Change the Earth

**Volcanic activity is one of the many ways that the Earth’s surface changes over time.**

**Notes:**
Volcanoes change the surface of the earth by erupting out matter.
(Note to Teacher: You may read these slides to your students, especially to second language learners. Use the pictures to help these students connect to the vocabulary.)

## Earthquakes Change the Earth

**Earthquakes** **are another way the surface of the Earth changes.**

**Notes:**
In this picture, your students will be able to observe damage to the Earth as well as to man-made structures covering the Earth.

## Landslides Change the Earth

**Landslides make changes to the Earth, too.**

## Earth Changes Can Look Different

**Volcanoes produce gasses, liquids and solids released from inside the Earth.**

**Notes:**
Different types of volcanoes emit different types of material.  Some volcanoes erupt with slow and continuous lava flows, some explode sending cinder, pumice, and ash into the air to fall to the earth and some volcanoes have lava flows along with a release of cinder, pumice and ash.

## Earth Changes Can Look Different

**These pictures show the same road. **

**What inferences can you make about the causes of each change?**

**What earth changes do you observe in each picture?**

**Notes:**
These are pictures of the road leading to Mt. Kilauea. The picture on the left shows evidence of an earthquake. The picture on the right shows a lava flow which is continually adding new rock.
(Note: The observations are based on what you actually see or observe whereas inferences are things you reason from those known facts.)

## Earth Changes Can Look Different

**Earthquakes cause the Earth’s surface to shake, roll, and heave.**

**Notes:**
Earthquakes are caused by the constant motion of the Earth’s surface.  This motion creates build up and release of energy stored in rocks at and near the Earth’s surface. Earthquakes are the sudden rapid shaking of the earth as this energy is released.

A tsunami is a very large ocean wave caused by an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption.

## Earth Changes Can Look Different

**Landslides cause rocks, soil and debris to suddenly slide down a slope.**

**Notes:**
A landslide is a mass of rocks, soil and debris that suddenly slides down a slope. A landslide can be caused by rocks breaking from an outcrop and tumbling down a cliff, heavy rains soaking the ground causing mud to flow down a hillside, or an earthquake shaking the ground causing it to move down a steep slope.
Use this slide as an opportunity to tie into regional events.

## What three processes change the Earth’s surface?

**Notes:**
As each picture appears, briefly review to check for student understanding.

## Changing the Earth’s Surface 

- Changing the Earth’s Surface

**While in most places the Earth changes very, very slowly, this change can happen rapidly and violently. **

**Notes:**
There are forces deep underground and on the surface that are always changing the Earth.  

## Photograph Sources

**United States Geological Survey**
**United States Forest Service **
**Georgia Boatman**
**Neptune.Com**

## Credits

- The Earth Changes Lessons were developed by
- Erika Barrom and Susan Garrison, Sunnyside School District
- Vicki Mitchell and Georgia Boatman, Kennewick School District
- Jennifer Rieke, Art and Science Educator
- Peggy Willcuts, Walla Walla School District
- Karen Wieda, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- This project was made possible with funds from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science, Office of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists.
- The project also would not have been  successful without the tremendous effort put forth by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA scientists who gave their knowledge, spirit, passion and patience to this project.