BEE-spoke-data/govdocs1-by-extension huggingface dataset:
# Presentation: 790613

**INFLOW & POOL ROUTING FORECASTING**_** **__** **_

- Tulsa District Flood Control:
- 44 Reservoirs
- 5 Lock & Dams

- 33 Forecast Models

## TULSA CORPS WCDS:

**Titanium Database**
**Numerous Utility Programs**
**Data & Default Models on Server**
**Forecast Comps on PC: Win XP & 64B**

## FORECAST PROCESS

**Event Based**
**Tulsa Distr Corps Rain Program**
**Forecast Program**

## RAIN PROGRAM

**Hourly Gage and/or NEXRAD III (HRAP)**
**24-Hr Total Rainfall, 7am – 7am**
**Spatial Distribution**
**Basin & Subarea Overlay**
**After 7am: Hourly Gage or NEXRAD III**

## 24-Hour Gage Rainfall

**24-Hour Gage Rainfall**

## Slide 7

## Slide 8

## Slide 9

## 24-Hour Gage Rainfall

**24-Hour Gage Rainfall**

**24-Hour NEXRAD III**

## NEXRAD III

**NEXRAD III**
**Oct 8, 7am – Oct 9, 7am**

## NEXRAD III

**NEXRAD III**
**KEYSTONE BASIN**

## NEXRAD III

**NEXRAD III**
**SUBAREA TOTAL**

## FORECAST PROGRAM

**HEC-1 Minor Modifications**
**DSS and Other Utility Programs**
**1-Hour Time Step**
**24-Hour Subarea Rainfall Totals Distributed with Intensity as per DCP’s & MESONET **
**Calibrate Basin Runoff to OBS**
**Inflow & Pool Routing w/ Release Scenarios**

## FORECAST PROGRAM

**Subarea Total Rainfall with Index Gages for Intensity**
**Snyder’s Unit Graph’s**
**Initial & Constant Loss Rates or Functions**
**Maintain Start Time With Event**

## KEYS

- KK CIMARRON RIVER AT GAGE, DOVER LOCAL:
- BA      927
- BF        60   -0.20   1.025
- LU      1**.2     0.15**
- PB         0
**ZR=PI   B=DOVERL  C=PRECIP-INC   F=ADJUST**
- US    17.0    0.60
- ZW    B=DOVE  C=FLOW-LOC CUM  F=CALC

- GSAL

- KAWL

## RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION 

- DOVE DCP  3.05”

- DOVER SUBAREA  1.46”

- LAHOMA MESONET  1.17”

- LAHOMA DCP  1.06”

- WYNOKA DCP  0.02”

**RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION**

## CIMARRON RIVER AT DOVER STREAM GAGE

**OBSERVED RUNOFF**

**FORECASTED RUNOFF**

**CIMARRON RIVER AT DOVER STREAM GAGE**

## ARKANSAS RIVER AT RALSTON STREAM GAGE

**ARKANSAS RIVER AT RALSTON STREAM GAGE**

**FORECAST TOTAL FLOW**

**KAW  RELEASE**

**RALSTON OBS**

## FORECAST ELEV

**FORECAST ELEV**

**FORECAST INFLOW**

**RELEASE SCENARIO**

**OBS ELEV**

**6% F.C.**

**Arkansas River near**
**Ft Smith, AR**

## FUTURE RAINFALL ?

## OK

**OK**

**MO**

**AR**

**DIGITAL QPF**

## OK

**OK**

**MO**

**AR**

**DIGITAL QPF**

**System Stage Reduction & Benefits Analysis**

## KEYS TO SUCCESSFUL FORECAST: SWT

**1.**** Precip & Infiltration:   Precip Excess**

**2.**** Gages: Reliable, Accurate, Ratings, High Data Rate**

**3.**** 1-Hr Models **

**5.**** Flexible & Interactive Models...Quick Edit/Compute & Plot Update**

**4.**** Subarea Size & Strategically Placed Gages**

**6.**** Inflow & Pool Routing in Rainfall Runoff Model**

**7.**** Independent & Simultaneous Forecasts: PC**

**8.**** Comp’s & Display Data in “Local Time”**

**QUESTIONS?**
# Presentation: 363180

## Impact Parameter Tag

**Use b-hadron long lifetime without reconstructing secondary vertex (to gain efficiency)**
**Consider compatability of “collection of tracks” (jet) with primary vertex**
**Use decay length significance of tracks:**

## Steps to tag

**Reconstruct jets, tracks, primary vertices**
**Select best primary vertex for each jet**
**Select tracks:**
- (Quality of track fit)
- Number of track hits (total / SMT)
- Track pT
- |2D Impact Parameter|
- (V0 Rejection)
- (Study further cuts)
**Calculate PV probability for each track, based on decay length significance distribution**
**Combine tracks in jet to form discriminant**

## Jet discriminant

**Simplest approach: tag jet with a minimum number of tracks that have significance exceeding a certain value**
**Simple product of probabilities:**
**	****D = -ln********, ******** ****= ********(Pi)**
**	****...****will yield larger values as #tracks increases**
**Default, independent of #tracks:**
**	****D = -lnP,**
**	**

## Samples / definitions

**500 z->bb and 500 z->ud samples**
**Efficiency: (tagged b-jets) / (selected b-jets)**
- Selected jets are jets with |eta| < some cut (1.5)
- and Ntracks > some cut (2);
- Need to study this selection in more detail!
- (“Tagable” jets?)
**Rejection: 1- (tagged light) / (selected light jets)**

## Jet eta

## Track pT cut

## Track dca and nHits cuts

## Track significance

**L/dL (red: tracks with MCL > 0;**
**black: tracks with MCL = 0)**

**|pT| < 1 Gev**

**1<|pT|<2 GeV**

**2<|pT|<5 GeV**

**|pT| > 5 GeV**

## MC decL - Reco’d decL

**|pT| < 1 Gev**

**1<|pT|<2 GeV**

**2<|pT|<5 GeV**

**|pT| > 5 GeV**

## (MCL-RecoL)/dL

**|pT| < 1 Gev**

**1<|pT|<2 GeV**

**2<|pT|<5 GeV**

**|pT| > 5 GeV**

## Status

**Not yet fully developed (hence many RCP parameters...)**
**Need to study performance for various jet properties (E, pT, eta)**
**Investigate proper resolution functions (standard Gaussian currently used to calculate track PV probability)**
**Study impact of 3D decay length (need estimates on jet and track direction uncertanties)**
**Further study of track cuts**

## <dump pics>
# Presentation: 407291

## (W+jets) (pb)

| ME-MC | W+0j | W+1j | W+2j | W+3j | W+4j | W+5j |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ALPGEN | 2046±1 | 522.6±0.6 | 146.1±0.3 | 41.5±0.2 | 11.55±0.07 | 3.13±0.02 |
| GRAPPA | 2042±4 | 525.4±0.6 | 146.8±0.3 | 40.2±0.3 |  |  |
| MadGraph | 2031±4 | 507.9±0.7 | 138.9±0.3 | 38.9±0.1 |  |  |

## (Z+jets) (pb)

| ME-MC | Z+0j | Z+1j | Z+2j | Z+3j | Z+4j | Z+5j |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ALPGEN | 198.0±0.2 | 53.72±0.06 | 14.76±0.05 | 4.09±0.02 | 1.13±0.01 | 0.292±0.002 |
| GRAPPA | 198.1±0.2 | 54.02±0.06 | 15.07±0.02 |  |  |  |
| MadGraph | 198.9±0.7 | 53.5±0.2 | 14.70±0.04 | 4.079±0.009 |  |  |

## (Wbb+jets) (fb)

| ME-MC | Wbb+0j | Wbb+1j | Wbb+2j | Wbb+3j |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ALPGEN | 1170±2 | 596±2 | 253±2 | 100±1 |
| GRAPPA | 1178±3 |  |  |  |
| MadGraph | 1127±5 | 565±4 |  |  |

## (Zbb+jets) (fb)

| ME-MC | Zbb+0j | Zbb+1j | Zbb+2j | Zbb+3j |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ALPGEN | 181.7±0.4 | 93.5±0.5 | 37.6±0.4 | 12.8±0.6 |
| MadGraph | 182.5±1.2 | 92.7±0.4 |  |  |

## Q2 dependence

- Q2 hard to change: user error?Tim Steltzer working on this

## R(jj)

**DR(jj) : how low can ME-MC’s go ?  **

## Summary

- W+j
-  MadGraph gives lower 
- Z+j
- Looks fine
- Wbb+j
- MadGraph gives lower 
- Zbb+j
- MadGraph & ALPGEN agree well

## Current/future work

- Started running CompHEP & MCFM
- Will show results next time
- Need to understand a few problems
- MadGraph
- Working with Tim S. to understand differences
- Will generate more processes AFTER agreement in lower jet multiplicity
- Kinematical distributions look fine
- Look at P.S. results after agreement (or understanding of disagreement) in LO
# Presentation: 209333

## Neutrino Nucleon Elastic Scattering in MiniBooNE

*— **David Christopher Cox (**Indiana University**)*

*ν** p → **ν** p*

## Δs in Neutrino Nucleon Scattering

- Nucleon Weak Current:

*(assumes time and isospin invariance, pseudoscalar f.f. = 0)*

## Δs in ν N Cross Sections

- Δs in ν N Cross Sections

*G**1* dominant at low *Q**2*( *proton KE*)
-  to first order

- Ratios reduce sensitivities to
- systematics, nuclear effects, etc.
- in study MiniBooNE
- 	& FINeSSE*

**Rex Tayloe BE007*

*  **Q**2 *(*GeV**2*)

- 0.1           0.3            0.5           0.7            0.9            1.1

- 0.0                     0.1                       0.2                       0.3

-  flux weighted cross section (10-38cm-1)

## Basic ν N Scattering Events in MiniBooNE

- Basic ν N Scattering Events in MiniBooNE

- Neutral Current Elastic (NCE)

- Charged Current Quasi-Elastic CCQE

***250 kgal baby oil*** sphere constantly monitored by *PMT’s* (*main* & *veto*)*

- Take advantage of different event structures...

**Chris Green CG002*

*scintillating*

- Черенков

*some scint*

- 7:1  Черенков : Scintillation

## Preliminary

- No decaying leptons (*none in neutral current*)
- Low light level in veto (*eliminates punch through leptons*)
- Low light level in main tank (*eliminates high E**vis** events*)

- Monte Carlo Look at NCE Event Separation

- Number of hit PMTs in main tank

- greatly reduces CCQEs

## Preliminary

- ~200MeV *p*; 15MeV *e**-* equiv

- Relatively normalized

- sensitive
- to details

- good shape agreement

- NCE events in the data

- Additional cut: data in beam window

## Identify NCE: distinguish protons/electrons/muons

- Protons below threshold (Q2~0.7GeV2)  scintillate
- Muons, electrons above threshold  (mainly) Черенков

- Hypothesize 100% pure Черенков, 100% pure Scintillation “particles”
- Use log likelihood analysis to match real particles to hypotheses
- Predicted time distributions  pdf’s

- Scintillation

- Черенков

- exponent (~20ns decay)

- δ-function (prompt)

- time (ns)

- time (ns)

- predicted
- time
- distribution
- (analytic)

- Predict different hit time distributions (include gauβ recon. “smearing”)

## Preliminary

- Testing the model

- Generate single particle proton, electron events in MC
- Use combined power of log(L_scint) and log(L_Чер) with ratio:

- some separation
- between protons,
- electrons.
- encouraging—
- continue studies

## Summary & Future Work

- Goal: measure Δs in MiniBooNE
- Use NCE vs CCQE different event structures
- Separate p/μ/e using time—distinguish NCE events
- Encouraging results
- Pursue further...include topology

- isotropic (no shape)

- ring shaped

- Scintillation

- Черенков
# Presentation: 512517

## Canopy Closure Review

- NLCD 30 meter, 1% classes
- 207 Field plots with Canopy Closure estimate to 10% classes
- MoRAP test but no plots
- Objective is to create a Canopy Closure layer for project use.

## NLCD Canopy Cover re-classed

- To 10% classes (+- 2001)

- 2003 NAIP Photography

## 1999 USFS Photos 1:15,840 

- 1999 USFS Photos 1:15,840

- 2006 NAIP CCM

## Scanned Resource 

- Scanned Resource
- Photos can give a
- Resolution of 6 inches
- On the ground
- NLCD data is 30 Meter

- 90-100%->

- 70-79% ->

- 80-89% ->

## Preliminary Results
  Assumes Field data is “correct”

Filed Data compared to Stand BA/Diameter calculations = 19 out of 207  9.2%

Field data compared to NLCD 30 meter classification = 50 out of 207	  24.2%

-   Assumes Field data is “correct”
- Filed Data compared to Stand BA/Diameter calculations = 19 out of 207  9.2%
- Field data compared to NLCD 30 meter classification = 50 out of 207	  24.2%

## Image Segmentation

- Landsat TM
- 2003 NAIP re-sampled to 5 meter
- Combine the 2 images and segment using e-Congintion Software

## Landsat TM merge with 5 meter

- NAIP 2003

## Slide 8

## Slide 9

## Next step is to classify the segments and build a Vegetation Map 

- Data layers are analyzed for each segment:
-   Landsat bands 1-5, 7 for 2 dates – one leaf of
-   Landsat NDVI for both data
-   2003 NAIP 5 meter
-   DEM?, Ecosystem data, etc.
- Software choices: ERDAS Imagine, e_Cognition, SEE5, Cubist

## Slide 11
# Presentation: 009430

## INCREASING PROFESSIONAL CAPACITY FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE 

**WALTER HAYS**
**GLOBAL ALLIANCE FOR DISASTER REDUCTION**
** **

## OPPORTUNITY: 2005-2014

**Building ****a Global Culture of Community Disaster Resilience for the Greater Good in Global Perspective**

## GOAL: COMMUNITY RESILIENCE TO DISASTERS 

- GOAL: COMMUNITY RESILIENCE TO DISASTERS

**FLOODS**

**SEVERE WIND STORMS**

**EARTHQUAKES**

**DROUGHTS **

**LANDSLIDES**

**WILDFIRES**

**VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS**

**TSUNAMIS**

**GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE **

**TERRORISM**

**INCREASED TECHNICAL AND POLITICL CAPACITY OF COMMUNITY TO COPE**

**INCREASED  OWNERSHIP AND USE OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE **

**REDUCED COMMUNITY  VULNERABILITIES  **

##  DECADE ON  EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT  (2005-2014) 

-  DECADE ON  EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT  (2005-2014)

**THE KNOWLEDGE BASE**

**CAPACITY BUILDING**

**CONTINUING EDUCATION**

-  BLUEPRINTS ON EDUCATION: An Infrastructure For Increasing Professional Capacity in Communities

## ROAD MAP FOR THE DECADE ON EDUCATION (2005-2014)

- Don’t throw away tomorrow by forgetting the past.

## Slide 6

## AN AGENDA FOR HIGHER EDUCATION PROFESSIONALS (2005-2014)

**EXPAND RESOURCES**

**IMPROVE DELIVERY MECHANISMS**

**IDENTIFY TARGETS OF OPPORTUNITY**** **

**CREATE TURNING POINTS OF CHANGE**

**MAINTAIN ONGOING DIALOGUE ON THE CHALLENGES****  **

**INCREASING PROFESSIONAL CAPACITY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION**** **

##  EDUCATION: PENETRATE SOCIETY

- TURNING POINTS FOR CHANGE

** ****EDUCATION:** PENETRATE SOCIETY

**IGNORANCE: ****TOWARD ENLIGHTENMENT**

**APATHY: TOWARD EMPOWERMENT**** **

**BOUNDARIES: TOWARD SEAMLESS**

**ENABLEMENT: Toward POLITICAL WILL**

** ****INCREASING  COMMUNITY  DISASTER RESILIENCE**** **

## The Challenge for Educators

**Creating “Books  of Knowledge” ****(Blueprints on Education)**** ****for Sustainable Development in over 1 Million  Communities by end of 2014.**

##      BOOK OF

-      BOOK OF
-   KNOWLEDGE                       -  Perspectives
-  On Science, Policy,
-  And Change

## EDUCATION

- KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND EDUCATION

**EDUCATION**

**INFORMATION & PUBLIC AWARENESS**

**INCREASED KNOWLEDGE BASE**** **

**COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT**

**INTERNATIONAL FORUMS**

**BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR INCREASING PROFESSIONAL CAPACITY**** **

## REGIONAL ALLIANCES FOR  KNOWLEDGE DELIVERY 

- REGIONAL ALLIANCES FOR  KNOWLEDGE DELIVERY

**EUROPE**

**MEDITERRANEAN**

**SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA**

**ASIA**

**AUSTRALIA & PACIFIC ISLANDS**

**SOUTH AMERICA & CARIBBEAN**

**REGIONAL KNOWLEDGE DIFFUSION NETWORKS**

**FOR COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE -**

**NORTH AMERICA**
# Presentation: 276418

## What Exactly is CSENet?

**Presented by Mike Noreika**
**CSENet Point of Contact**
**Pennsylvania Bureau of Child Support Enforcement**
**13th National Child Support Enforcement (CSE) Training Conference**
**September 8-10, 2003**

##        The Child Support     	    	Enforcement Network

-                *What does that mean???*

## An Electronic Child Support Communication Tool

- OK, but how does it work?

## Washington

**Pennsylvania**

## Your state “talks” to other CSENetically-capable states

***What “language” do we “talk”?***

## Instead of sentences composed of subject, verb, and object, CSENet uses function, action, and reason code to get the message across.

*Function? Action? Reason Code?*
*I’m confused......*

## There are 7 “functions” in CSENet and they each address a different area of case processing.

***I’m still confused....***

##        7 “Functions”

_**CSI**_
_**LO1**_
_**ENF**_
_**MSC**_
_**EST**_
_**PAT**_
_**COL**_

***OK.....but what do they mean?***

## So those are the “functions.”What’s an “action”?

- CSI = Case Information
- LO1 = Quick Locate
- ENF = Enforcement
- MSC = Managing State Cases
- EST = Establishment
- PAT = Paternity
- COL = Collection

## “Actions” are what you want done.

- There are 6 different “actions” in CSENet.

- Explain,  please?

##    You can Request or Provide information,             	send a reMinder or an Update, Acknowledge receipt of a CSENet message 	or Cancel the previous request.

-                Got any examples?

## OK.  Now what about the Reason Code part of a CSENet sentence?

- LO1/R = Quick Locate Request
- ENF/A = Enforcement Acknowledgement
- CSI/P = Case Information Provide
- MSC/U = Managing State Cases Update
- PAT/C = Paternity Cancellation
- EST/M = Establishment Reminder

## There are 100s of CSENet Reason Codes available, allowing the worker to “talk” in specific terms.

- Great, but how do I use CSENet to actually “talk” to another state?

## CSENet Data Blocks

- Case
- NCP-ID
- NCP-Locate
- Participant
- Order
- Collection
- Information

## The CSENet Advantage

- Speed (Overnight)
- Convenience
- Less Paper
- No Automated-Voice-Response “Misery"
- DOB, SSN and Name Updates
- “Quick” Locate Information
- Unsolicited Case Information

## Minimal Payment Information
Bad Case Data
Poorly Designed State System
Lack of User Training

**Bad Case Data**
**Poorly Designed State System**
**Lack of User Training**

**Impediments to CSENet Usage**
# Presentation: 210400

## EDD/DM Changes for release 2.4

- Deb Kerstiens
- September 4, 1997

## Displaying Converted Data (2.4)

- Available on text update, bar, meter, and indicator
- Supports identical calc record operations
- Only the dynamic channel of the object and constants are available
- 	the current value is represented by the variable “A”
- A conversion is specified by:** dmCalcIn** = A * PI * 2.0
- To express units select “append” on units modifier and enter the new units
- Not yet implemented on controllers
- Other parameters to the conversion are also not yet implemented

## Changes to Text Entry

- Hexadecimal input by specifying the first two characters as “0x” or “0X” (2.4)
- Sexagesimal input by specifying the first two characters as “0s” or “0S” (2.4)
- Selects all text when MB1 (left mouse button) is double clicked (2.4)
- Selected text is replaced when you start typing (2.4)

## Text Handling

- Sexagesimal text was added to the options (2.4)
- Bug fix on handling exponential and engineering formats (2.4)

## Valuator Changes

- Responds to the arrow keys (2.4)
- left and down are the same as selecting the decrement menu option
- right and up are the same as selecting the increment option
- The increment and decrement value can be set during edit time or overridden during operation. (2.4)
- Configure increment/decrement and send on motion/release can be sent in edd (2..3)
- Outline supported - so valuator can be used without limits displayed (2.3)

## Filename Selection Controller (2.4)

- Controller added for file selection
- Used to write pathnames to stringout records
- Similar to a menu
- If MB1 (left mouse button) is pressed - a Motif file selection dialog appears
- In EDD - two fields are provided for search patterns on the “path name” and “selection pattern” repsectively

## Proportional Scaling and Resize (2.4)

- Proportional scaling is added to DM
- The scaling is provided to support different display resolution
- The size is kept in integers - and this has not been converted to floating point. As a result, resizing toa very small size could result in loosing objects when making the screen larger

## Bug Fixes

- Color rule based dynamic objects pop to the front - even when it should be occluded (2.4)
- Double click on related display call-up caused dm to crash (2.3)

## DM Motif Startup Widget (2.3)

- Motif startup widget for dm - with pull-down menus
- Menu includes
- “file->open display” - only works on the initial display
- print to file
- Macro replacement is currently not available on open display

## Scalable Fonts

- Font sizes supported - 6-24, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85, and 95
- They are a compiler time option - in the Makefile for rti, gizmo, util, and edd - specified as -DSCALABLE_FONTS. This is in versions after 2.3 - remove it if you are not interested.

## Print Button

- Print display button added
- Print options button added
- Left button causes the display to be printed
- Right button brings up the printer options

## Future Modifications

- Port to run under windows NT using a Motif library
- Other changes are subject to decisions regarding the next generation MMI
# Presentation: 259483

## Certification Procedures for Altered Interior Surfaces

- Tim Marker

- FAA Technical Center

## Certification Procedures for Altered Interior Surfaces

*ACO’s and DER’s*

- Any altered (re-painted, re-laminated, or otherwise resurfaced) interior panel
- must remain compliant with the original type certification basis of the aircraft

- Hardship encountered when original panel “spares” representing interior
- panel composition are not available

- If a majority of the interior panel surfaces will be altered, this constitutes a
- “substantially complete replacement”, and all surfaces must meet the current
- 65/65/200 requirements, regardless of original type certification basis

## How do we run a qualification test?

- absence of exact panel spares:

- Cut-out of in service panel

- Substitute Panel, which is the same generic construction as the original,
- including core type and thickness, type and number of pre-preg plies, and
- any original surfacing such as paint or decorative

- Critical Panel (Surrogate), which has burn length or heat release numbers
- close to the limit (i.e., a burn length of 5 inches and a heat release rate of
- 60/60)

## Cut-out of in service panel

- Cut-out of in service panel

- Substitute Panel

- Advantages: Simple, Accurate, Quick

- Disadvantages: Destructive test requires replacement of entire panel,
- curvature of actual panel limits number of samples possible

- Advantages: Once produced, numerous tests can be run on abundant samples

- Disadvantages: Cost, Time, Accuracy

- Critical Panel (Surrogate),

- Advantages: Once produced, numerous tests can be run on abundant samples,
- same panel can be used for qualification of variety of in-service alterations

- Disadvantages: Cost, Time, Accuracy (effects of synergism can
- not be accurately predicted)
# Presentation: 723329

## Spontaneous Reports of Natalizumab-associated Liver Injury Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) 

- 28 recently identified unduplicated cases (reported 11/04 - 6/22/07)
- 4 cases of potentially serious hepatocellular injury; 3/4 cases in US
- Remaining 24 reports of mild liver abnormalities e.g. “increased liver enzymes,” “increased LFTs”
- No deaths or liver transplants
- Liver injury ‘signal’ not identified in clinical trials

## Cases of Potentially Serious Natalizumab  associated Liver Injury (n = 4)

- Liver injury occurred within 18 days after 1st dose in 3/4 cases; after 5 doses in 1/4 cases
- Range of peak serum ALT: 521 u/L - 2,427 u/L*
- Range of peak serum total bilirubin:  Normal – 15.7 mg/dLtt
- Diagnostic workups did not identify another obvious cause of liver injury
- Further evaluation of cases is in progress
- 	*  upper limit of normal: 44 u/l
- 	tt upper limit of normal:  1 mg/dL
# Presentation: 922435

## Logistics Solutions for Child Restraint Devices in Aviation

*Presented by:*
*Raffi Patatian*
*Aviall, Inc.*
*December 15, 1999*

## Potential Solutions

- Responsibility
- Operator
- Parent/Guardian
- Third-Party
- Pros and Cons
- Costs

## Responsibility: Operator

- Pros
- Visibility of number of children on board
- Advertising: “We care about your children”
- Increased revenue from reservations
- Cons
- Installer training required
- Possibility of theft
- Stock outage situation

**Notes:**
Small Airlines tend to favor independently managing their seat inventories, since their route structure tends to be point-to-point.  Large airline, however, prefer a third party solution (discussed later in this presentation) as it removes an element of complexity from their hub-and-spoke route structures and defers responsibility and liability to the third party.

## Responsibility: Parent

- Pros
- Child’s own seat
- Cons
- Not all car seats fit in aircraft seats
- ISOFIX standard introduced by NHTSA
- Flight Attendants cannot check for safe installation due to “liability”
- Boarding process complications
- Various designs and regulations

**Notes:**
Pros: Parents are using the same seat they use in their vehicles.  With that comes a certain amount of “peace of mind” regarding the hygiene and comfort of the seat.

## ISOFIX Standard (NHTSA)

## Responsibility: Third Party

- Who is a “third party”?
- Kiosk operators
- Catering companies
- Airport Authorities

## Responsibility: Third Party

- Pros
- Single brand/model
- Uniform installation
- Guaranteed fit
- Existing infrastructures can be used to support operators (ex. catering companies)
- Operators can benefit from “bundling” of childseat service contract with other contracts.

## Responsibility: Third Party (cont’d)

- Cons
- Each third party could utilize a different child seat design.
- Mixing of seat types aboard an aircraft can create confusion in methods of securing seat.
- Capital outlay if third party is establishing childseat-only business.
- Operators want customized seats in their colors

**Notes:**
Operators would have to guarantee the third party X amount of business to justify its participation

## Other Considerations

- Regular maintenance & cleaning
- Periodic maintenance
- Operator-specific livery
- Inventory movement/balancing
- Stock-out risk / denied boarding
- Third-party Points of Presence (POP)

## Third Party Costs

- Annual Unit Usage
- # of children per flight = 4 children
- # of flights per day = 1000 flights
- Total Children transported per day = 4000 children
- Total Children transported per year = 1,460,000 children

## Third Party Costs

- Revenues
- Seat rentals to parents
- “Power-by-the-hour” (airlines)
- Passenger fee
- Operating Costs
- Land/Buildings: $10/ft**2**/yr, 1000 ft**2**
- Labor: $20/worker/hr, including benefits
- Insurance, fuel, seat maintenance/repair

## Point-to-Point System

## Hub ‘n Spoke System
# Presentation: 674036

## Proton Source Reference Notesfor mu2e at Fermilab

- Proton Source Reference Notesfor mu2e at Fermilab

- Section 1: Compilation of parameters describing the existing Fermilab accelerator complex and the proposed new Fermilab Proton DriverSection 2:  Candidate rebunching schemes being discussed

## SECTION 1

- Compilation of parameters describing the existing Fermilab accelerator complex and the proposed new Fermilab Proton Driver

- 1.1  Fermilab Accelerator Complex
- 1.2  Booster
- 1.3  Recycler
- 1.4  Antiproton Accumulator
- 1.5  Antiproton Debuncher
- 1.6  Fermilab Proton driver

## 1.1  Fermilab Accelerator Complex

## 1.2  Fermilab Booster

## 1.3  Fermilab Recycler

| Circumference | C=2πRave | 3320m |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Momentum | P | 8.89 GeV/c |
| Rev. frequency,
Period | f0
T0 | 89.8 kHz
11 μs |
| Slip factor | η=1/γ2- 1/γt2 | 0.0085 |
| Tunes | νx, νy | 25.4,24.4 |
|  |  |  |

## 1.4  Antiproton Accumulator

## 1.5  Antiproton Debuncher

## 1.6  Proposed Fermilab Proton Driver

- 8 GeV H- Linac

## Proton Driver Parameter List

## Proton Driver Parameter List - 2

## SECTION 2

- 2.1  Definitions
- 2.2  Schemes

- Candidate rebunching schemes being discussed

## 2.1  Proton Source Definition

- Beam seen by primary proton target

## 2.2 Proton Source Scenario 1

| Bunch Trains / sec:  fTRAIN | 5  (*) |
| --- | --- |
| Bunch Spacing:   TB | 1 ms |
| No. of bunches:   NB | 100 |
| No. protons/bunch:  nP | 1  1012 |
| Bunch Length (±2.5) : tB | ±12.5 ns |
| Protons/train | 1  1014 |
| Protons/year (107 secs) | 5  1021 |

- _Description_:  Fermilab Proton Driver at 2MW. Recycler used to captureand bunch, with bunch by bunch extraction.

- Notes: (*) For 0.5MW FPD,  fTRAIN  1.8 and Protons/year  1.8  1021
- “PRISM”-like extracted beam

## 2.2 Proton Source Scenario 2

| Bunch Trains / sec:  fTRAIN | 5  (*) |
| --- | --- |
| Bunch Spacing:   TB | 1.53 s |
| No. of bunches:   NB | 6.6×104 |
| No. protons/bunch:  nP | 7.5  107 |
| Bunch Length (2.5) : tB | 200 ns  (ns) |
| Protons/train | 5  1012 |
| Protons/year (107 secs) | 2.5  1020 |

- _Description_:  Fermilab Booster at 0.1 MW (using 0.03MW). Accumulator
- used to capture and bunch at h=1, with slow extraction. (0.1s bunch, 0.1s extract)

- Note: MECO-like extracted beam

## 2.2 Proton Source Scenario 3

| Bunch Trains / sec:  fTRAIN | 1  (*) |
| --- | --- |
| Bunch Spacing:   TB | 1.6 s |
| No. of bunches:   NB | 33×104 |
| No. protons/bunch:  nP | 6  107 |
| Bunch Length (2.5) : tB | 150 ns  (ns) |
| Protons/train | 2  1013 |
| Protons/year (107 secs) | 2  1020 |

- _Description_:  Fermilab Booster at 0.1 MW (using 0.025MW). Accumulator
- used to capture 4 Booster turns and bunch at h=1,
- with slow extraction. (~0.5s inject  and bunch, ~0.5s extract)

- Note: MECO-like extracted beam

## 2.2 Proton Source Scenario 3 continued

- to Accumulator

- to Recycler

- prepulses

- Main Injector cycle

- ...

- to Recycler

- prepulses

- empty

- Recycler to Main Injector

- bunch

- extract

- Booster Rate = 15*17/22	        = 11.6 Hz

- Booster timeline (concurrent with Nova)

- 1.47 sec (22 cycles)
# Presentation: 076258

## Dynamic Sensor Networking

- Using a Wireless Radio Network to Improve Efficiency in a Sensor System

- Dr. Siva Thangam, Mentor

- Dr. Kishore Pochiraju, Advisor

- Manuel Garméndez,
- SHARP Apprentice

- Yasha Okshtein,
- SHARP Apprentice

## Basic Networking

- Individual computers are called clients.
- Clients connect to links called gateways.
- Gateways interconnect or connect to the Internet or a central computer.

- Internet or Central Computer

- Gateway

- Gateway

- Computer

- Computer

- Computer

- Computer

## Dynamic Networks

- Dynamic networks, usually wireless, constantly change.
- There are three types of dynamic networks:
- Static Gateway – Mobile Client
- Mobile Gateway – Static Client
- Mobile Gateway – Mobile Client
- Dynamic networks increase efficiency, requiring less infrastructure over large areas.

## Sensors and Clients

- Sensors on clients are scattered.
- Sensors collect data.
- Data is then sent, or routed, to a location.

- Client

- Radio

- Sensor

- Client

- Radio

- Sensor

- Client

- Radio

- Sensor

- Client

- Radio

- Sensor

- Central Computer

- Radio

- Data

- Data

- Data

- Data

## Investigation

- Mission: to use a dynamic sensor network to route information from scattered sensors to a central computer.
- Static sensors and dynamic gateways chosen for the network type.
- Microcomputers chosen to be static clients.
- Remote Control (R.C.) car will serve as mobile gateway.

## Network Components

- _Sensors/Clients_
- Microcomputers called MICA2 Motes by Crossbow.
- Motes include AA power supply, sensor mounts, and wireless communication.
- Sensors to operate on low power.

- _Mobile Bridge_
- Dodge Viper GTSR R.C. car
- Body removed to mount Mote and power supply.
- Circuitry to be controlled by Mote operating on high power.
- Preprogrammed patrol path will make stops at each sensor.

## Mobile Bridge

- Overhead view of Mobile Bridge.
- Drive system includes 2 DC motors, drive circuitry, and power supply (red box).
- Mounting locations where additional power supply and Mote will be attached to the chassis of the car (green boxes).

## Proposed Network Layout

_**Key**_

- Mobile Bridge

- Sensor/Client

- Wireless
- Radio
- Ranges

- Bridge
- Zones

## Acknowledgements

- Dr. Siva Thangam, Mentor
- Nimer Rimawi
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

- Dr. Kishore Pochiraju, Advisor
- Stevens Institute of Technology
- Modern Technology Systems Inc. (MTSI)
# Presentation: 436475

## Freight Transportation in the Upper Midwest: A Regional Perspective

- Talking Freight Web Seminar
- Travis Gordon
- Midwest Regional University Transportation Center
- University of Wisconsin-Madison

## Upper Midwest/Great Lakes region

**Upper Midwest/Great Lakes region**

**Notes:**
MRUTC and its connection to schools in region

## Agenda

- The regional nature of freight
- Benefits of multi-jurisdictional cooperation
- Upper Midwest Freight Corridor Study
- Overview
- Preliminary results
- Next steps

## Regional nature of freight

- Freight “doesn’t respect” boundaries
- Actions of one agency will have an effect on neighboring jurisdictions
- Intra-regional freight movements

## Intra-regional transport

| From Illinois to: | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Canada | $6 billion |
| Japan | $2 billion |
| Mexico | $2 billion |
| UK | $1 billion |
| Germany | $1 billion |
|  |  |
| Ohio | $20 billion |
| Wisconsin | $18 billion |
| Indiana | $18 billion |
| Michigan | $18 billion |

- Source: Regional Economics Application Lab, University of Illinois

## Benefits

- Efficient use of resources
- Larger pool of resources and staffing
- Sharing of plans and information
- Addresses freight specific problems
- Burden sharing
- Cannot solve all the problems alone

**Notes:**
While it makes sense, there needs to be incentives. Outlined nicely in previous presentations, here are my observations.

## Upper Midwest Freight Corridor Study

## Study overview

- Collaborative effort by six states and three university transportation centers
- Five key areas of work
- August 2003 (contract signed)
- February 2005 (final report printed)
- Provides stakeholders with information on the freight transportation system in our region
- Unique elements

## Distribution of freight activities (1997)

**Source: 1997 CFS**

**Distribution of freight activities (1997)**

**Notes:**
About 25% of nation's freight originate within the 7-state study area, depending on the measure.

## Freight traffic in the region

## Existing Highway Conditions

- Level of Service
- A-B
- C-D
- E-F

## Existing River Conditions

## Study results (continued)

*Administrative Issues*
- There may be benefits of standardizing size and weight regulations across the region (non-designated roads), but the cost is too great
- Opportunities for regional cooperation in ITS applications for commercial vehicles

## Study results (continued)

*Performance Measures*
- Safety; Economic efficiency; Economic development; Environment; Reliability; Congestion
*Synthesis of Practices*
- There are benefits of multi-state cooperation; it makes sense
- Learning from the experiences of the I-95 Corridor Coalition and others

## Next Steps

- Communication
- Coalition
- Coordination
- Define longer term when reauthorization is clear

## Contacts

- Website: www.uppermidwestfreight.org
- Ernie Wittwer, wittwer@engr.wisc.edu, 608-263-3175
- Travis Gordon, gordont@cae.wisc.edu, 608-262-6639

- Thank you!
# Presentation: 373052

## Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge

- November 25, 2002
- Smoke Simulation Analysis
- Gary L. Achtemeier
- USDA Forest Service
- Athens, GA

## Task Description

- The following set of slides summarize a PB-Piedmont post-burn analysis of smoke movement in the aftermath of a 345 acre prescribed burn conducted by the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge. The burn was conducted on 25 November 2002. The model simulations run from 1600 EST 25 November through 0800 EST 26 November.

## Task Description Continued

- The case of 25 November 2002 is the first application of PB-Piedmont to burns conducted at the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge. The initial grid spacing was 120m. The model failed to predict smoke at a key bridge at 0800 EST 26 November. Tests with grid spacing of 60m produced smoke at the bridge.

## Weather

- Weather during the burn and the post-burn smoke movement period was clear with moderate relative humidity. A high pressure system to the west of the burn site favored winds blowing from the northwest during the day of the 25th. During the evening, dry conditions favored rapid cooling and strong drainage forcing. However, cooling to the dewpoint temperature occurred after midnight. Widespread valley fog formed. PB-Piedmont slows cooling rates where the relative humidity reaches 100 percent. Therefore, continued cooling over higher terrain combined with little cooling in the valleys, weakened drainage flows. Synoptic scale forcing pushing air to the east began to overcome drainage forcing pushing air down valley to the south.

## Modeling Information

- PB-Piedmont Version 3.0-2003
- Grid spacing = 120 m and 60m
- Domain size = NA
- Visual domain = NA
- Weather data: Hourly METAR
- Elevation data: USGS 30 m DEM

## The modeled location of smoke on the ground assuming smoldering is coming from everywhere within the model burn area. Initial winds were from the northwest at 3.3 m/sec beginning at 1600 EST. Then the model shifted winds to blow directly from the west. Note that this image is just the viewing domain. The actual model domain extends much farther (east) of what is shown here. The time is 1800 EST, approximately 15 minutes after sunset. Drainage forcing is the reason for the “threaded” patterns in the plume. Grid spacing is 60 m.

## The next slide shows locations of smoke generated by PB-Piedmont relative to where smoke was observed along a road by Fish & Wildlife Service personnel. Click the left mouse button to produce a red line showing where smoke was observed. Then compare the two analyses with the observations.

## Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge ---PB-Piedmont 3.0

## Summary

- The 60 m analysis better resolved details of the valley than did the 120 m analysis. This was the difference between success and failure.
# Presentation: 670509

## Butler County JVS:Performance Driven

- Using Performance Information to Excel
- May, 2002

- Robert D. Sommers, PhD
- Chief Executive Officer

## Basic assumptions

- Our _customers_ are students
- Our _stakeholders_ are
- Community members, especially parents
- Business and higher education
- Associate schools
- Ohio Department of Education
- Our _product_ is educational experiences

## Our customers and products

- Customized training

- Companies

- Technical education

- Adults

- Alternative programming

- At risk/talented youth

- Work & family life

- 7 – 12 students

- Career-tech programming

- 9 – 12 students

- Career education

- K – 12 students

***Products***

***Customers***

## How we use performance data

- Visioning
- Baldrige
- Benchmarking
- Leadership evaluation
- Planning

## Visioning a preferred future

**Top 10% in student performance**
**Score above 200 on Baldrige**
**90% citizen awareness of the district **
**Stakeholder satisfaction**
- State and national recognition through youth organization and professional organization activities
- Nationally recognized leader in customer-focused, **performance-driven** educational programming.
- Maintain financial efficiency

## Baldrige Criteria

| Leadership | 120 |
| --- | --- |
| Strategic Planning | 85 |
| Customer/stakeholder focus | 85 |
| Information and analysis | 90 |
| Faculty and staff focus | 85 |
| Process management | 85 |
| Performance Results | 450 |

## Slide 7

**Notes:**
Secondary workforce development customer performance measures

## Job Descriptions

- Market or Purpose
- Performance Expectations
- Customer performance
- Process performance
- Critical work

## Vice-President Performance

- Customer
- Always includes satisfaction
- Always includes customer performance
- Aligned to state and national expectations
- Process
- Always includes staff and stakeholder satisfaction – defines who they work for
- Always includes safety
- Consistent across all VP’s

## Performance impact on planning

| Problem | Action |
| --- | --- |
| Low % of students scoring well on career development survey | $440,000 investment in career development |
| Low public awareness | $150,000 investment in marketing |
| Missing student attendance benchmark | Add new staff |

## Future plans

- State-wide data exchange system
- Integrated diagnostic tools
- Professional development
- Enhanced survey and assessment processes
- Expanded benchmarking
- Balanced report card development
# Presentation: 246656

## Bali Hai Helicopter Tours Bell 206B, Kalaheo, Hawaii

- Human PerformanceWilliam J. Bramble, Jr., Ph.D.

## Local Weather Challenges

- Unusually challenging local climate
- Weather briefings of limited use
- Local flying experience important

## Pilot Experience

- Experienced helicopter pilot
- Less than 2 months flying on Kauai
- Company training focused on helicopter, tour routes, and SFAR 71
- No formal company weather training

## Need for Training

- Pilot’s decision indicates poor assessment
- No FAA guidance to help companies train pilots to better utilize local cues
- Human factors research indicates such training can improve in-flight decisions

## Pilot-Scheduling Practices

- Pilots often at controls 8 hours
- No restroom facilities
- No scheduled rest breaks
- No scheduled lunch break

## Pilot’s Schedule

- 8.7 hours on duty
- 7.7 hours sustained operations
- Mix of low-level and higher altitude flight
- Deteriorating weather
- Witness reports

## Impact of Pilot’s Schedule

- Increased risk of dehydration
- Increased risk of physiological distractions
- Increased risk of fatigue
- Adverse impact on decision-making and performance

## Slide 8
# Presentation: 320530

## WHY DO WE SEE BOW-TIE-SHAPED IMAGES?

- Part of a “bow-tie” image from BL 7.3.3 (provided by R. Celestre)
- Scales are in mm

- Aberrated/scattered light maximum intensity 1 unit

- True image of source maximum intesity 10 units

**WHY DO WE SEE BOW-TIE-SHAPED IMAGES?**

## POSSIBLE REASONS WHY WE GET A BOW-TIE IMAGE

**POSSIBLE REASONS WHY WE GET A BOW-TIE IMAGE**

- Scattering:
- 	The x and y scattering are quite independent - think of gratings - so there is no reason why a large scatter in x should imply also a large scatter in y - so it’s not scattering alone
- Aberrations:
- 	Bow-tie shaped images were common in old synchrotron labs when sources were often a cm wide but the ALS source is small and the ray trace for an ALS bend (right) says there is no bow tie - so it’s not aberrations alone

## Special class of mirrors:  axisymmetric about a line through the object and image

**Example at ALS**: only the unity magnification toroids - approximate well an ellipsoid of revolution
**Examples in x-ray imaging generally**: conics of revolution, Wolter telescope/microscope
**Law of imaging for single short mirrors comprising the whole circle**:- axial point very well imaged- off-axis points rendered into (coma) circle passing through the geometrical image of the  point which is traversed twice as the ray-mirror impact point passes once around the mirror- thus a mirror subtending an angle  delivers an arc 2 for each object point

**UNITY-MAGNIFICATION TOROIDS BELONG **
**TO A SPECIAL CLASS  OF OPTICS**

## MECHANISM TO MAKE A BOW TIE

**MECHANISM TO MAKE A BOW TIE**

- Four example points to be imaged

- Four arcs delivered

## SCATTERING AND ABERRATIONS COMBINED

**SCATTERING AND ABERRATIONS COMBINED**

- Conclusion:
- 	Scattering produces the equivalent of a stretched-out source - like the old days - and THEN aberrations make the bow tie
# Presentation: 764627

## Accessibility raised to the power of  3

- Access opportunities in IP based services.
- FCC Summit May 7 2004
- __________________
- Gunnar Hellström
- Omnitor
- _[www.omnitor.se](http://www.omnitor.se/)_
- Gunnar.hellstrom@omnitor.se

## Accessibility raised to the power of  3VoIP technology gives us the opportunity to improve personal communication

- Leave inaccessible voice telephony behind.
- Use three media in the calls
- Video, with quality for         signing, lip-reading,         recognition, feelings, showing...
- Text,   character-by-character for        conversation, addresses, numbers,        spelling...
- Voice, for conversation, feelings,...
- Satisfy all needs in one universal service in IP with global interoperability.

- User interface for three media in the call

## Example with deaf-blind user

- In this case:
- Sign language from the deaf-blind user
- Text back, displayed on braille display
- Many other combinations possible

- Received text

- Usability verified in Swedish project 2003

- Braille display

## Example from communication between deaf and hearing persons

- Text for main conversation
- Video for acknowledgement, recognition, showing things, feelings
- Take any other situation and find that the video-text-voice combination is the solution.
- More value the more widespread it becomes

- 3G communication in video, text and voice,

## A growing accessible conversation network

## But standards must be applied to achieve global interoperability

- Good standards exist for the call and the three media.
- Promote one preferred set of default standards:
- IETF SIP Call control
- H.263 Video
- T.140/RFC2793 Text
- G.723.1 Audio
- Use subsets for voice only, text only, voice and text etc.
- Good continued standardisation in IETF, ITU, 3GPP, ETSI, TIA ensures maintained  interoperability

## Put the user in the centerSame communication for all services

- Text relay service

- Video relay service

- Emergency service

- Signing users

- Text telephone (TTY) users

- Voice telephoneusers

- gateway

- Text user

- Voice VoIP user

- Different terminals, same standardised communicationopens for efficient servicesfor personal needs

- Total conversation user

## Join in implementation of accessible personal communication for All !

- Without harmonization, the benefits will be missed
- The IP revolution is a too good opportunity to be missed.
- ___
- Gunnar Hellström
- Omnitor
- _[www.omnitor.se](http://www.omnitor.se/)_
# Presentation: 666440

## Acceleration of Muon-Beam with Harmonic-Number Jump

- T. Uesugi, Y. Mori and T. Planche

- =====  10 GeV  --> 20 GeV =====

## Requirements

- Matching with extracted beam from 10GeV-ring
- Fast acceleration compared to muon life

- ±0.1GeV,  ±0.5nsec

- ~ 20us  at 10 GeV

## Accelerator design

## Simulated parameters (1)

|  | Injection | Top |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Scaling |  |
| Energy (GeV) | 10. | 20. |
| Radius (m) | 25.00 | 26.62 |
| k | 10 |  |
| Rev. freq (MHz) | 1.909 | 1.792 |
| Mag field (T) | 2.669 | 5.011 |
| RF freq. (MHz) | 381.7 |  |
| RF Harmonic | 200 | 214 |
| Voltage (GV/turn) | 0.59 | 1.10 |
| Phi_s (rad) | 0.59π |  |

## B=2.66~5.01 T
    (pack-fac 0.5)

V=0.5~1GV/turn
        = 3~7 MV/m

νs= 0.4

-     (pack-fac 0.5)
- V=0.5~1GV/turn
-         = 3~7 MV/m
- νs= 0.4

- Simulated parameters (2)

## Reached 20GeV after 14 turn

Acceptance, 
   (+-0.25ns, +-0.05GeV)

- ███████

- Reached 20GeV after 14 turn
- Acceptance,
-    (+-0.25ns, +-0.05GeV)

- Simulation result

- Red: survived part

- Green:bucket

## Equivalent design

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Energy        (GeV) | 10 ~ 20 | 10 ~ 20 |
| Radius            (m) | 25.0 ~ 26.6 | 100 ~101.6 |
| Field index, k | 10 | 40 |
| Mag field         (T) | 2.7 ~ 5.0 | 0.6 ~ 1.3 |
| RF freq.      (MHz) | 381.7 | 95.4 |
| RF Harmonic | 200 ~ 214 | 200 ~ 214 |
| Voltage  (GV/turn) | 0.59 ~ 1.10 | 0.59 ~ 1.10 |
| Φs                (rad) | 0.59π | 0.59π |
|  |  |  |

## Spiral-Angle vs tune

## Transverse lattice-function
# Presentation: 875386

## Fig 1: Experimental Setup

## Fig.2 Rectangular wave forms of applied voltage to PPy/CF3SO3 film at -0.7 to 0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl with the period of 600s.

## Fig. 3 Load dependence of ECMD in PPy/CF3SO3 film operatedin aqueous 0.1M NH4PF6. Numerical in circle is sequential of measurement.

## Fig.4. Current responses in ECMD of the film at various load stresses, (a) Oxidation (elongation) and (b) Reduction (contraction).

## Fig.5 Load stress dependence of electrical input energies EEin.

## Fig. 6 Electrochemomechanical strain –stress curves in PPy/CF3SO3 film. Dotted line is obtained by equation (1), with the parameter of ε0 = 7.0 % and E’= 0.21GPa.

## Fig.7 Stress dependence of mechanical output energy, EMout of PPy film operated in various electrolytes.

## Fig. 8 Energy conversion efficiency against load stress in various electrolytes.