# Presentation: 153650

## TIDES AND WAVES FOR THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RIVER FORECAST SYSTEM

- Mr. Yuji Funakoshi
- Dr. Scott C. Hagen, P.E.

## Outline

- Pseudo-Operational Forecast and Science Goals
- Finite Element Meshes
- St. Johns River Hydrodynamic Modeling Results
- St. Johns River Hurricane Floyd Modeling Results
- Conclusions
- Future Work

## Dr. Pedro Restrepo, NOAA/NWS/OHDMs. Reggina Cabrera, SERFC

**Dr. Pedro Restrepo, NOAA/NWS/OHD****Ms. Reggina Cabrera, SERFC**

## NOAA/NWS/OHD Project Goals

- Development of a 2D model for the St. Johns River to predict in real-time flow, tides (astronomic and meteorologic)
- Develop the model and examine test cases
- Examine uni-coupling model of short and long wave models
- Fully couple the short and long wave models

## Works Completed by February 7, 2005

- Model calibration for the entire Western North Atlantic Tidal (WNAT) Model domain.
- Development of a preliminary finite element mesh for St. Johns River.
- Preliminary tidal hydrodynamic simulation for St. Johns River.

## Works Completed by January 20, 2006

- Development of some finite element meshes.
- Including more tributaries.
- Pseudo-operational model.
- Tidal hydrodynamic simulations
- Hurricane Floyd storm surge simulations

## Western North Atlantic Tidal (WNAT) Model Domain

**North America**

**South America**

**Central**
**America**

**Open-Ocean Boundary 60****o****W Meridian **

**Edge of Blake’s **
**Escarpment**

**Continental **
**shelf break**

**Florida**

## St. Johns River Region

**St. Johns River Region**

**Flow**

## Slide 9

## Slide 10

## Numerical Model

- ADCIRC-2DDI (_AD_vanced _CIRC_ulation, Two-Dimensional Depth- Integrated, Barotropic Time-dependent Long Wave Model)
- Solving the Generalized Wave Continuity Equation (GWCE, Luettich et al., 1992) and non-conservative momentum equations.
- Wetting and Drying algorithm.
- Meteorological input (i.e., wind direction, wind stress, and pressure)

## Model Setup for Tidal Hydrodynamics w/o Inflow

- 90 days simulation.
- Time steps = 5 s.
- Open boundary forcing (K1, O1, M2, S2, N2, K2, and Q1).
- Bottom friction coefficient Cb = 0.0025.
- Pseudo-Operational Model
- No inflow from tributaries.
- No meteorological input.

## Slide 13

## 2005 Atlantic Storm Tracks

## Model Setup for Tidal Hydrodynamics w/ Inflows

- 122 days simulation (June 1 to September 30, 2005).
- Time steps = 5 s.
- Open boundary forcing (K1, O1, M2, S2, N2, K2, and Q1).
- Bottom friction coefficient Cb = 0.0025.
- Pseudo-Operational Model
- Inflow from tributaries using USGS gage data.
- No meteorological input.

## WWTD, MAYPORT NAVAL STA.

**WWTD, MAYPORT NAVAL STA.**

**I-295 BRIDGE, WEST END**

**BUFFALO BLUFF**

- ADCIRC Inflow Locations

- Calibration Location

- USGS gage Locations

## 1

**1**

**Mayport**

**8720211 WWTD, MAYPORT NAVAL STA., SJR , FL**

## 2

**2**

**8720357 I-295 BRIDGE, WEST END, SJR , FL**

**Inflow**

## 3

**3**

**Buffalo Bluff**

**8720767 BUFFALO BLUFF, SJR , FL**

**Inflow **
**(no data)**

## Residual vs. Precipitation and Winds

## Residual vs. Precipitation and Winds

## Model Setup for Hurricane Floyd Storm Surge

- 4.75 days simulation (September 12 to 16, 1999).
- Time steps = 5 s.
- Open boundary forcing (K1, O1, M2, S2, N2, K2, and Q1).
- Bottom friction coefficient BF_0.001 and BF_0.0025
- Pseudo-Operational Model
- Inflow from tributaries using USGS gage data.
- Meteorological input (wind stress and pressure)

## Hurricane Floyd

**(NOAA, 1999)**

## Slide 24

## Slide 25

## Slide 26

## Conclusions

- Successful Hydrodynamic Model for the St. Johns River
- Tradeoffs:
- Large Domain vs. Inlet-Based Pseudo-Operational Domain
- Hurricane Floyd Simulation Results
- For the SJR, meteorological forcings are more important than inflows

## Future Works

- Employ output from a wind-driven short wave model with a long wave model and produce a uni-directional coupling of the two models
- Fully couple the short wave model with the long wave model
- Explore the effect this modeling approach

## The Image of the Coupling Domain 

**20 m**

**Ocean Circulation Model Domain**

## Short Wave Model(s) 

- The third generation wave models (e.g., WAM, SWAN, WAVEWATCH-III, and STWAVE models).
- Integrates the basic transport equation describing the evolution of a two-dimensional ocean wave spectrum without additional assumption.
- Source functions (i.e., wind input, nonlinear wave-wave interaction, and white-capping dissipation, etc.,).
- Applied to ocean wave forecasting all over the world.
- Global model > 20 m (Global WAM, WAVEWATCH-III)
- Local model < 20 m (Local WAM, SWAN, STWAVE)

## Manuscripts & Publications 

**Dietsche, D., S.C. Hagen, and P. Bacopoulos, “Storm Surge Simulations for Hurricane Hugo (1989): On the Significance of Inundation Areas,” *****Journal of Waterways, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering*****, In Revision. **
**S.C. Hagen, A. Zundel and S. Kojima, “Automatic, Unstructured Mesh Generation for Tidal Calculations in a Large Domain,” *****International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics*****, In Review. **
**Salisbury, M.B. and S.C. Hagen, “The Effect of Tidal Inlets on Open Coast Storm Surge Hydrographs,” *****Coastal Engineering*****, In Review. **
**Funakoshi, Y. and S.C. Hagen, “A Tide and Storm Surge Model for the St. Johns River,” *****Ocean Engineering*****, In Review.**
**M. Salisbury and S.C. Hagen, “The Effect of Tidal Inlets on Storm Surge Hydrographs,” *****Proceedings, WAVES 2005*****, Madrid, Spain, CD-ROM, July 3-7, 2005. **
**Y. Funakoshi and S.C. Hagen, “Towards an Integrable Short and Long Wave Model for Tidal Hydrodynamics,” *****Proceedings, WAVES 2005*****, Madrid, Spain, CD-ROM, July 3-7, 2005.**

## Acknowledgements

**Yuji Funakoshi, Ph.D. Candidate**
**D. Michael Parrish, Ph.D. Qualified**
**Peter Bacopoulos, Masters Student**
**David Coggin, Masters Student**
**Mike Salisbury, Masters Student**
**Naeko Takahashi, ESL Student**

**Acknowledgements**