# Presentation: 798699

## 
10/13/06

*10/13/06*

- SIM Status

- Michael Shao
- 	Science, technology
- Michael Devirian
- 	Programmatic Summary

## Outline

- Science
- Exo-Planets
- Astrophysics
- Technology
- Completed all 8 technology milestones July 2005
- Completed first 3 engineering milestones
- Building flight qualifiable components and subsystems
- Programmatic Summary

## “You understand something truly only when you can measure it precisely.” Lord Kelvin 

- Measure precise distances -- the basis to physics of stars and physics of the Universe
- Determine the mass makeup of our Galaxy and the Local Group
- Detect earth mass planets in the habitable zone of nearby Sun-like stars
- Obtain insight into the formation & diversity of other planetary systems though orbit measurements
*Confucius says “One excellent measurement is better than many mediocre measurements.”*

## SIM: An Optical Michelson Interferometer

- Global astrometry (5yr mission)
- 4 μas position (inertial)
_**2.5 μas/yr**_ proper motion
_**4 μas**_ parallax
- Narrow angle astrometry, _**1 μas **_

## Extra-solar Planets

- Is our solar system rare or common?
- How are planets formed? (bottom up or top down)
- Are there earth-like planets around nearby stars?
- What sorts of planets exist around stars different from our Sun?

## Extrasolar Planet Phase Space

- Current harvest of ~200 planets (RV): empirical constraints to planetary system formation.

- ~200 Known exoplanets

## Extrasolar Planet Phase Space

- Current harvest of ~200 planets (RV): empirical constraints to planetary system formation.

- Distribution of Planets from Ida , Lin , 2005ApJ, 626,1045

## Extrasolar Planet Phase Space

- Current harvest of ~200 planets (RV): empirical constraints to planetary system formation.
*Jupiter & Neptune appear to be the tip of the “planetary iceberg”*

- Distribution of Planet from Ida , Lin , 2005ApJ, 626,1045

## Extrasolar Planet Phase Space

- Current harvest of ~200 planets (RV): empirical constraints to planetary system formation.
*Jupiter & Neptune appear to be the tip of the “planetary iceberg”*

- SIM: uniquely probes
-  1~10 Mearth  (0.4~6.0AU)
- (for nearby stars)
- Orbital parameters and mass for
- RV planets

- Distribution of Planet from Ida , Lin , 2005ApJ, 626,1045

- RV 1m/s

- SIM 1uas

## Deep Search of 120 nearby stars

- For the nearest solar-type stars hundred stars
- SIM has the capacity to detect earth mass planets
- in the Habitable zone

## SIM has a Galactic Reach

- 	Distances
-                   1%             10%
- SIM            2.5     kpc   25 kpc
- GAIA          0.4     kpc     4 kpc
- Hipparcos  0.010 kpc   0.1 kpc

- SIM (15 mag)

## Cosmology

- Cosmology is limited by precision (and accuracy) of Hubble’s constant
- Current accuracy of ~7% can be improved to 1~2%
- SIM can undertake a thorough calibration of Galactic Cepheids
- SIM can measure the distances to M31 and M33 (rotational parallax)
- SIM can provide an independent determination of the age of the globular clusters

## Precise distances to “standard” candles

- The best current value for H0 is ~ 74 with errors:
-  ± 2 (random)
-  ± 7 (systematic)
- Better accuracy would be useful for many things.
- For cosmology, a more precise value for H0 would help:
- determine the equation of state (=p/) for the dark energy
- refine estimates of the total density tot of the Universe.
- SIM can reduce the error on H0 to less than ~ 2%:
- This would help to reduce the errors in   and tot by a factor ~ 10.

- Credit: R. Olling

- Accuracy of
- Hubble Const

**Notes:**
An error level of 1 - 2% on H0 is optimal for determining the EOS of the Dark Energy and the total energy density of the Universe. Errors of order 1% on w and 0.1% on Omega(tot) are achievable with PLANCK-like CMB data. If we do not also assume a flat Universe, then a 2% error on H0 will be required. This can be done with SIM observations of 43 stars in M31, 200 stars in M33, or 2000 stars in the LMC using the technique of rotational parallaxes.
This plot is for a cosmology that does not assume a flat universe. Each curve is for a different error on H0... 10%, 4%, 2%, and 1%.
Straight parallaxes to the nearby galaxies are not possible even with SIM These models assume improved SIM parallax distances to Galactic distance calibrators and the use of the “rotational parallax” technique in order to obtain distances to the nearby galaxies.

## Distribution of (dark) Matter in the Galaxy

- Tidal tails from dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way provide an ideal probe of the dark matter in the halo.
- SIM provides accurate proper motions (and parallax) of the faint stars in the tidal tails. (to 20 mag)
- SIM will also measure the motion of stars in the disk, and determine the distribution of matter in the disk.

## Matter Distribution of the Local Group

**Simulated 1 Gyr trajectories of our neighbours**

## Fundamental Astronomy & Fundamental Physics

- SIM is uniquely suited to probe the true mass spectrum of our Galaxy
- Microlensing+SIM = mass spectrum
- SIM has the ability to determine masses of neutron stars and black holes
- Stellar black holes .. Lab for strong gravity and lab for jet formation
- Neutron stars ... Lab for dense matter (e.g. Vela X-1 and equation of state)

## All SIM Technology Gates Completed!

- NASA HQ and SIM project laid out 8 Technology Gates in 2001
- 4 Gates prior to Phase B start, and 4 more Gates prior to Phase C/D start

**Goal-level performance has already been demonstrated in the SIM Testbeds!**

- All 8 Technology Gates are complete.
- Based upon the performance achieved and the recommendations of both the NP EIRB and the SIMTAC, the SIM Program Executive declared Tech Gate 8 closed on 7/28/05.
- Final check review in October 2005 by Komar/Hartley, of GSFC ESTO, chartered by Associate Administrator, SMD.  Verbal report positive; awaiting written report.

- Completed July 2005

- STB-3

- Component Technology

- Subsystem/System Testbeds

- Modeling/Testbed
- Integration

-   1

- 8

- 2-7

- MAM

- KITE

- TOM-3 + Int’d Modeling

- Completed June 2004

- Completed
- August 2001

- Subsystem-level Testbeds

- System-level Testbed

- Modeling/Testbed Integration

## 1 uas Astrometry, Lab Demonstration

- 1 uas total error
-   0.7 uas to Science interf
-   0.7 to guide & Met truss
- 0.7uas to science interf
-   0.5 uas to photon noise
-   _**0.5uas instrumental err**_
- Meet 25pm in 8 chops
- Each dot is an 8 chop
- average

- MAM test:  4 ref stars, 1 target star,  (T, R1, T, R2, T, R3, T, R4 .... Repeat)
- ~20 runs conducted over ~1 week.

## Instrumental Systematic Error

- Instrumental errors in the SIM testbed (chopped) does integrate down as sqrt(T)
- At least down to 1~2 picometer after 105 sec

- MAM testbed March 2006

- Terrestrial Planet search
- Single epoch precision 1as

- Terrestrial Planet search
- 5yr mission precision 0.14as

- Systematic error floor
- ~ 100 nanoarcsec

## Technology and Engineering Milestones

- Technology milestones were created to demonstrate hardware that had never been built (in the lab or on orbit)
- End to end test of phasing a distributed aperture (that can be adopted for the flight hardware)
- Single digit Picometer metrology (component technology)
- 1 uas astrometry (sys
- End to end test at the uas level for the flight hardware
- Engineering milestones are to build and test hardware that can be flown
- Survives Launch and space environment (25G’s vib, thermal-vac test)
- Maintains alignment or can be aligned on orbit.
- Maintains benign environment after launch ( milli-K thermal stab, micro-g vibration environment etc.)
- Meets picometer/uas requirements in space
- Flight hardware designed and tested with participation of Q/A but without the full flight paperwork trail (to reduce cost).

## Building and Testing Key Subsystems for Flight

- External
- Metrology
- Launcher
- 1st of ~15

- Internal Metrology
- Launcher

- Metrology
- Source

- Double Corner
- Cube

## M. Devirian

10/13/06

*10/13/06*

- SIM Programmatic Summary

## SIM Is Unique and Critical Element of NASA’s Planet Finding Missions

** ****Transits to identify Jupiter's ******** Earths around 100,000 *****distant***
***  *****Suns (<1,000 l. yr.) to determine incidence of Earths**

**JWST **
**  ****Image Jupiter's within 5 pc**
**  ****Image disks and distant hot young Jupiter's**
**  ****Follow–up Kepler  “Jupiter's” with spectroscopy**

**TPF-C/I **
** ****Characterize temperature, size,  composition  of other Earths**
**  ****Look for signatures of Life**

**SIM **
** ****Search 250 *****neighboring*****  stars for Earths (<50 l. yr.)**
** ****Architecture of systems**
** ****Masses and orbits **

- SIM Is Unique and Critical Element of NASA’s Planet Finding Missions

**Keck (2006)**
**  ****Dust disks at 10 zodi to 0.01" for nearby stars**
**LBTI (2008) **
**  ****Dust disks at 3 zodi to 0.5" – 25" for nearby stars**

- Distant Planets

- Find Nearby Earths & Life

**Notes:**
The foundations of the planet finding exploration have been laid by ground observatories.  Keck and LBTI will extend that, applying interferometric techniques to study the formation of dust disks with unprecedented precision. 
Kepler and JWST will be able to observe planets and disks around distant stars.
SIM, TPF-Coronagraph and TPF-Interferometer will provide the in-depth study of planets around nearby stars in order to determine whether a planet is habitable, or even shows signs of life itself.

## The SIM Team Is In Place and Ready

- Spacecraft
- Instrument Precision Structure Subsystem
- Assembly, Test, & Launch Ops
- S/C Operations

- Project Management
- System Engineering
- Integrated Modeling
- Instrument System
- Mission Operations System
- Mission Assurance
- Risk Management
- Instrument Operations

- Michelson Science Center

- Science Data Analysis and Archiving
- Science Operations
- Science Planning
- Science Community Interface
- Science Outreach

- _SIM Science Team_
- UC Berkeley		NASA JPL
- Ohio State University		Raytheon ITSS
- USNO			Dartmouth College
- Georgia State University		University of Virginia
- Washington State University	Caltech
- St. Ambrose University		UC San Diego
- STSI

- Mission
- Lead

- KSC

- ELV Launch Services

## SIM’s Progress Has Been Remarkable

- SIM has successfully completed its ten (10) year technology program in 2005, completing eight technology milestones.
- SIM developed a risk reduction and mitigation plan for key technical (technology development complete to TRL 6+) components.
- Nine engineering milestones to be completed over a three year period leading up to the Project’s CDR. These milestones are critical to reducing SIM’s programmatic and technical risks.
- Three of the nine milestones were completed this past year.
- The next two milestones are planned for FY’07.
- SIM moving forward with the preliminary design of its major systems.
- The Project held a Requirements Maturity Review this past year.
- The Instrument System also held a Requirements Maturity Review.
- The Instrument System held a Baseline Design Review this past summer.
- NGST, our spacecraft provider, will hold the S/C Requirements Review later this year.

## All SIM Technology Gates Completed!

- NASA HQ and SIM project laid out 8 Technology Gates in 2001
- 4 Gates prior to Phase B start, and 4 more Gates prior to Phase C/D start

**Goal-level performance has already been demonstrated in the SIM Testbeds!**

- All 8 Technology Gates are complete.
- Based upon the performance achieved and the recommendations of both the NP EIRB and the SIMTAC, the SIM Program Executive declared Tech Gate 8 closed on 7/28/05.
- Final check review in October 2005 by Komar/Hartley, of GSFC ESTO, chartered by Associate Administrator, SMD.  Verbal report positive; awaiting written report.

- Completed July 2005

- STB-3

- Component Technology

- Subsystem/System Testbeds

- Modeling/Testbed
- Integration

-   1

- 8

- 2-7

- MAM

- KITE

- TOM-3 + Int’d Modeling

- Completed June 2004

- Completed
- August 2001

- Subsystem-level Testbeds

- System-level Testbed

- Modeling/Testbed Integration

## Navigator Program Funding Delays

- Budget Update: New planning numbers in August ’06 changed the vector
- Ground Observatories (Keck, LBTI) continue implementation; SIM & TPFs delayed
- Program focus for coming year
- Prepare for Decadal Survey (technology development, mission concepts, risk reduction)
- Keep science community engaged

## SIM Funding Reductions

- SIM’s budget allocations from HQ continue to be insufficient to move SIM forward into its Implementation (Phase C/D).
- SIM’s ability to retain key technical personnel and complete Phase B has been greatly compromised due to the FY’07 budget allocation being ~ 75% less than the FY’06 allocation.
- SIM will lose in excess of 75% of its personnel in the next year.
- Retention of key personnel will be almost impossible as these high achievers will be the first sought out by competing projects.

## SIM Summary

- SIM is currently poised to complete its preliminary design and proceed into implementation in the next 24 months if provided the necessary funding of (~$320M) over FY’07 and FY’08.
- SIM could then complete its 4 year development leading to a LRD in 2012.