# Presentation: 393099

## Motivational Parent Management Training (MPMT):

**An Efficacy Trial for Offenders Living in the Community**** **

**Lew Bank, PI**
**Oregon Social Learning Center**
**Gary Weeber, Co-I**
**Oregon Social Learning Center**

**Suzi Gonzalez, Co-I**
**Director**
**Lincoln County Department of Community Corrections**
**Carl Reddick**
**Lincoln County Community Corrections****Parole and Probation**

- The authors gratefully acknowledge the support provided by Grant No.  R01 DA18977 from the Prevention Research Branch, NIDA, and by Grant No. R01 MH46690  from the Prevention Research Branch, NIMH, NIH, US. PHS.

## HFP-Newport

## HFP-Newport...

## HFP-Newport...

## Agency Collaboration

_***One Office Building:  Shared Office Space***_
- _OSLC_:  Research
- _Lincoln County Community Corrections_:
- 	Adult Parole and Probation Supervision
- 	Electronic Home Detention Program
- 	Weekly Group Intake of New Offenders

_**Lincoln County Work Crew**_**:  **
- Offenders/Public Service Program
_**Safe Visitation and Exchange Program**_**:  **
- Grant Program for Monitored Visitation and Exchange of Children
_**Crossroads**_
- Domestic Violence Intervention Program
_**Aggression and Control Class**_
- Program for reducing offender violence

## Effects of Parent Motivation, Substance Use, and Parenting Skills

- Parent Motivation and Cognition

- Child Adjustment Outcomes

- Parent Adjustment Outcomes

- Parent Encouragement
- & Involvement

- Parent Supervision

- Parent
- Limit Setting

## Recruitment I 

**(LCCC or CW Supervised)**
**N = 180 participants & Families**

**Boys**

**N = 20**

**N = 20**

**Younger**
**   ****(5-10)**

**Girls**

-  **Older**
** ****(11-15)**

**N = 20**

**N = 20**

**Infant/Toddler**
**   ****(0-4)**

## Cohorts 1 - 3 

**Baseline Assessment**

- N = 44 Adult Dyads: 	Primary Adult (PA) Offender & Other Adult (OA)
- N = 44 Older Children (OC): 	Mean Age = 6.2, 	Boys = 55%
- N = 14 Younger Siblings (YC): 	Mean Age = 5.0,  	Boys = 64 %
- Definitions: Primary Adult, Other Adult, Older/Only Child, Younger Child
- High Rates of Self-Reported:
- Alcohol and Drug Use
- Criminal Activity
- Elevated Parent and Teacher Child Adjustment Scores (CBCLs and TRFs)

## Participant Characteristics

** ****Age, Gender, & Physical Custody**

## Adult Dyad

**Primary Adult (PA) & Other Adult (OA)**
**Relationships & Gender**

**NOTE: Three cases of "other" are PA's ex-partner; two are the bio-mom of a study child.**

## Children

**Age and Gender**

## Family Structure: Relationships

**NOTE: **Of all 11 cases where an the OA’s relationship was "Other" to the Older Child, 8 were "partner" to the PA and 3 were "friends."

## Family Structure: Living Arrangements

## Household Characteristics

## Adult Marital Status

## Adult Race & Ethnicity

## Adult Level of Education

## Primary Adult Employment

## Primary Adult’s Income

## Adult	Alcohol & Drug Use

**Testing Results (OOS) & Context**

## Adult History of Tobacco, Alcohol & Drug Use

**Self Report**

## Adult Criminal History

**Self Report**

## Adult Criminal History

**Number of Jail/Prison Sentences by Gender**

## Adult Criminal History

**Age at First Incarceration**

## Adult Criminal History

**Last Arrest**

## Adult Self Report

**Recent Criminal Activity**

## Adult Program Involvement

## Child Behavior Checklist Scores

**Parent & Teacher Report**

## Child Behavior Checklist Scores

**Parent Report – Youths Age 11+**

## Youth Substance Use

**Youth (Age 11+) Self Report**

**NOTE: **These eight youths had a mean age of 13.1; six of them were male; seven of them were living with the PA, and one was in foster care.

## Project Basics

- Target population is families with one or more parents on adult parole or probation
- 1 or 2 eligible children
- Random assignment into a Community As Usual or HFP group
- HFP group receives experimental curriculum:
- Cognitive Behavioralism/Motivational
- PMT
- Weekly home visitation
- Measurement at baseline, intervention termination and 12 months later

## Hypotheses

- Motivation and attention levels will be predictive of degrees of engagement
- MPMT/HFP participation will result in reduced risk for substance abuse and recidivism
- More gains in parenting skills will be evident in the MPMT/HFP group
- Children in the MPMT/HPF families will demonstrate better behavior in school, with peers and reduced alcohol/drug risk
- Parents adjustment will be impacted by the improvement in their children’s behavior

## Evolution—Concepts & Actions

- Shift intervention focus to criminal justice family unit
- Build an intervention curriculum with a focus on motivating participation—cognitive behavioralism
- Combine increased motivation with skill development with parenting skills—Parent Management Training

## Evolution....

- Enhance intervention through home visitation, providing
- Support for critical family service needs
- Hands-on application of curriculum through home assignments
- Oversight of the family regarding child safety issues
- Strengthen deliver through agency collaboration—connecting the critical pieces...
- 	Oregon Social Learning Center
- 	Lincoln County Community Corrections
- 	Lincoln County Children’s Advocacy Center
- 	State Department of Human Services/Child Welfare

## Slide 36

## ACTION

- I’m making some changes and things seem to be working
- My people are starting to notice things are getting better

- It’s been hard work but  I don’t want to go back. I’ve changed who I  hang out  with. It’s worth hanging on to these changes

- MAINTENANCE

- RELAPSE

- CONTEMPLATION

- OK. So maybe there is a problem. It’s going to be tough to change. If I do change, then everything will be different.

- DETERMINATION

- I can’t keep going on like this. I’ve got to make some changes. It’s time; I’ll give it a try.

- PRE-CONTEMPLATION

- What you see is what you get. I don’t have a problem. I’m only doing this because they’re making me.

- PERMANENT EXIT

## Needs Window

**Needs Window**

**Belief Window**

**Rules**

**Behavior**

**Results**

## Principles

**To Love **
**&**
** ****Be Loved**

**Variety**

**To Feel Important**

**To Live**

- If...Then

- Action

- Results

**Belief Window:**
**A set of principles that we have accepted as true facts & believe will satisfy our needs**

**Rules: **
**Govern our behavior in an IF-THEN relationship**

## Hypotheses

- Successful participation in MPMT—as compared with the “as usual” control—will result in reduced risk for alcohol and drug use, reduced levels of PO sanctions,  improved trajectories of  PO ratings, and reductions in parent recidivism
- Gains in parenting skills will occur in MPMT as compared with the community as usual control condition
- Increments in parenting skills will produce better behavioral, peer, school, and internalizing outcomes for children and adolescents, and reduced alcohol and drug risk for adolescents

- Greater motivation and less serious A+D involvement will be predictive of better engagement and completion rates for community offenders in both the MPMT and community as usual groups

## Recruitment II

_***Courts ***__******__*** LCCC***_

**Volunteer to participate**

***2-4 weeks***

***2-4 weeks***

***Baseline***

***Termination***

***MPMT***

**Monthly inflow of **
**clients to LCCC:  ****	****33**
**Annual: ****	****	****396**
**Continuing: ****	****200+**

**1 cohort = 18 participant families/4 month period**

**Random assignment to 2 groups by matched pair method**

***12 weeks***

## Anticipated Sample Characteristics

- 60

- 50

- 40

- 30

- 20

- 10

- 5

- 0

**4**

**4**

**46**

**11**

**43**

**5**

**8**

**12**

**12**

**17**

**7%**

**7%**

**85%**

**20%**

**80%**

**9%**

**15%**

**22%**

**22%**

**31%**

**No history of substance use**

**No current substance use, but prior record**

**Documented current substance use**

**Women**

**Men**

**Live alone**

**Live w/spouse**

**Live w/partner**

**Live w/relative**

**Live w/roommate**

**Number of Community Corrections Clients**

**Anticipated Sample Characteristics**

**February/March intake**
**N = 54**

## Key Constructs

***(Taken at BL, TM, & 12 mo. FU)***

***LCCC Supervision Client***

- Demos
- Externalizing
- Internalizing
- Peer Relations
- Deviant Peers
- Academic Performance
- Alcohol & Drug Use risk
-    (ages 11-16 only)

_***Child/Adolescent***_

_***Method***_

- Interview
- Lab task
- Questionnaires
- Significant other ratings
- Staff ratings

## Preliminary Findings

- 47/50 show improved GAF
- 33/50 show improved financial stability (or maintained stability)
- 38/50 show improved housing stability (or maintained stability)
- 46/50 show improved baseline allegations of child abuse
-   9/50 show allegations of child abuse **following** **MPMT completion**
- 46/50 children in these families show improvement in functioning
-               (or maintained positive functioning) Note: some families have multiple children
- 21/50 families had at least one parent with a new arrest following MPMT termination
- 33/50 families showed improvement in custody status for their children
-               (7/17 not showing improvement were in 12/04 termination cohort;
-                improvements in custody status are anticipated for some of these children)
- 37/50 families maintained positive contact between parents and children