# Presentation: 211085

## LEAD HAZARD TRAINING

## REFERENCES

- 29 CFR 1910.1025

- Lead

- CFR

- 1

- 2

- INST

- CNB

## POLICY

-    Prevent lead intoxication                                                                                                                                                                                                    and related injuries
-    during the use, handling,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             removal, and melting
-    of materials
-    containing lead.

## WHAT IS LEAD? 

-  Lead is metallic lead, all inorganic lead compounds, and organic lead soaps.
-  Some of the properties of lead that make it a useful structural material are:
- Low melting point
- Very abundant
- High molecular weight
- High density
- Very malleable (easy to shape)

## Methods For Lead To Enter The Body

-  Inhalation (breathing)
-  Ingestion (by mouth)
-  Lead is usually not absorbed through the skin
-  Once lead enters the body, it enters your bloodstream
- and is circulated throughout your body.  This lead then
- becomes stored in various organs of the body.  If you
- continue to be exposed to lead, you will begin to store
- more than your body can get rid of and you will begin
- to suffer the symptoms of lead poisoning.

## Common Uses For Lead

- Batteries                      Ballast
- Weights                        Radiation shielding
- Roof flashings               Paint filler
- Pipe joints                     Acoustic insulation
- Ammunition                   Solder
- Rubber anti-oxidant        Cable shielding

## Operations That Can Cause Lead Exposure

- Lead and babbitt melting and casting
- Ballast handling
- Grinding, sanding material that contains lead
- Soldering with torches
- Lead-acid battery reclaiming
- Machining lead
- Working on gasoline engines that have used leaded
-   gasoline
- Contaminated personal clothing
- Removal of lead-based paints (most common)

## HEALTH HAZARDS

- Lead interferes with the formation of the hemoglobin in blood and
- will cause anemia.
- Lead causes cellular
- kidney damage which
- leads to kidney failure.
- It can cause reduced sperm count
- and decreased fertility.

- HEMOGLOBIN

- ANEMIA              DECREASE
-                                 FERTILITY

- KIDNEY DAMAGE

## Health Hazards cont'd

- Lead can damage the nervous system, the blood forming organs, kidneys, and reproductive system.
- Chronic exposure initially
- damages the blood forming
- and reproductive organs, and
- eventually cause peripheral nerve
- and central nervous system damage.
- Lead can pass from mother
- to infant through the
- placenta.

- NERVOUS
- SYSTEM

-    BLOOD
-     FORMING
-      ORGANS

-   CENTRAL
-     NERVOUS
-      SYSTEM

- REPRODUCTIVE
-  ORGANS

## Exceeding Exposure Limits

- If Action Level is exceeded, it is necessary to begin air
- monitoring, employee training, and medical
- surveillance.
- Any employee known to have been
- exposed to airborne concentrations
- exceeding PEL, shall be notified in
- writing of the exposure asap,
- but not later than 5 days after
- the finding.

- NLT
-      5
-       DAYS

## Reproductive System Effects

- Exposure to lead can have serious effects on the
- reproductive function of both males and females.
- In males there can be a decrease in sexual drive, impotence,
- decreased ability to produce healthy sperm, and sterility.
- Women may experience menstrual disturbances
- including Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation), Menorrhagia (abnormally profuse blood
- flow), and Amenorrhea
- (abnormal absence or
- suppression of menstrual
- discharge.)

## Reproductive System Effects (cont'd)

*R**eproductive **S**ystem **E**ffects **(cont'd)*

- There is a higher frequency of sterility, premature
- births, spontaneous miscarriages, and stillbirths.
- Lead can alter the structure of sperm cells raising
- the risk of birth defects.
- Infants with mothers who had lead poisoning have a higher mortality rate during the first year and suffer from lower birth rates, slower growth, and nervous system disorders.

## Permissible Exposure Limits

- The permissible exposure limit (PEL) for
- an 8 hour time weighted average
- (TWA) exposure to airborne lead is 50 micrograms per cubic meter (******g/m****3****) **
**of **air.
- If an employee is exposed for more than
- 8 hours in a work day, the PEL shall
- be determined by the following formula:
- PEL =_____________400_________________
-           Number of work hours per day

## Action Level

- The action level (AL) for an 8 hour TWA exposure
- to airborne lead is 30 ******g/m****3**** **of air (without regard to respirator use).
- Biological monitoring and medical surveillance shall
- be initiated when an employee's exposure exceeds
- the action level for more than 30 days per year.

- ACTION

- LEVEL

## Permissible Exposure Limit

*Permissible Exposure Limit*

**Where any employee is exposed to lead above**
**the PEL, but for 30 days or less per year, the**
**employer shall implement engineering controls**
**to reduce exposures to 200 ********g****/****m****3****, but thereafter may implement any combination of engineering, work practice, and respiratory controls to reduce and maintain employee exposure to lead to or below 50 ********g/m****3****. **

## T R A I N I N G

- All personnel who work in areas where the potential exists for lead exposure _>_ the AL shall receive:
-  Initial training upon assignment
-  Annual training thereafter

## T r a i n i n g   cont'd

- The minimum lead hazard training will
- consist of:
- The specific nature of the operations where
-  lead is possible.
- The purpose, proper selection, fit testing,
-  use, and limitations of respirators.
- Contents of facilities' compliance plan.

## General Workplace Control Practices

- Use reduced lead paint coatings
- Only low lead content paint shall be used in the interior of residential structures or on other surfaces which may pose an ingestion hazard.

## GENERAL WORKPLACE CONTROL PRACTICES cont'd

- When feasible, the heating of lead and
- leaded materials shall be minimized
- through the use of controlled heating or
- the removal of lead-containing surface
- coatings prior to heating.
- Procedures shall be established to
- maintain work surfaces as free of lead
- dust as practical.  Lead dust shall be
- cleaned with HEPA filtered vacuum cleaners.

## T R A I N I N G cont'd

- The adverse health effects of lead with particular attention
- to the reproductive effects upon both males and females.
- The purpose and description of the medical surveillance
- program, including the use of chelating agents.
- The engineering controls and work practices to be applied
- and used in the employee's job, including personal protective
- equipment and personal hygiene measures.
- All affected employees shall receive a copy
- of 29 CFR 1910.1025 "Lead Standard"

## General Workplace Control Practicescont'd

- Wet sweeping and brushing may be used only when
- vacuuming has been tried and found not to
- be effective.
- Lead-containing scrap, waste, debris, etc.
- shall be collected, sealed, and labeled
- in leakproof containers.
- Hot work on lead and abrasive lead removal
- operations shall, to the extent possible, be
- isolated from other operations.

## VENTILATION

- To the extent feasible, fixed local exhaust ventilation
- connected to HEPA filters or other collection systems,
- approved by the cognizant industrial hygienist, shall be
- provided at the point of airborne particulate generation.
- Capture velocities shall be high enough to draw in the
- particulates, and the duct transport velocities shall be high
- enough to prevent accumulation of particulates in the duct.
- Clean out points must be provided for periodic maintenance.

## VENTILATION  cont'd

- The ventilation systems shall be
- tested every 3 months and with 5
- days of any change which may result
- in a change of employee exposure.
- Test records shall be retained for
- 50 years.
- The recirculation of HEPA filtered
- air is not recommended.

## Personal Protective Equipment

*Personal Protective Equipment*

- Personnel involved in work where the concentration of lead exceeds
- the PEL or the possibility of eye or skin irritation exists, shall remove the clothing worn to and from work and don protective clothing.

## Personal Protective Equipment cont'd

- Full body, one piece coveralls supplied and laundered
- by the employer or a contractor shall be used.  Clothing
- shall be waterproof when wet lead is handled.
- One piece, disposable coverall made of Tyvek or
- equivalent may also be used.
- Durable gloves and head coverings shall be used.
- Hoods shall extend beyond the collar of the coverall.

*P**ersonal **P**rotective **E**quipment** cont'd*

## Personal ProtectiveEquipment cont'd

*Personal Protective**Equipment** cont'd*

- Slip resistant shoe covers or lightweight rubber boots shall be provided.  Disposable shoe covers may also be used.
- Face shield, vented goggles, or other appropriate protective equipment shall be provided and used whenever the possibility of eye irritation exists.
- Clean protective clothing shall be provided at lease weekly, or daily when the 8 hr TWA concentration exceeds 200 micrograms.

## Respiratory Protection

- Personnel identified as working in lead hazard
- areas shall be participants in the command's
- respiratory management program.
- Personnel engaged in:
- -  Unventilated hot operations, where
-     temperatures are not controlled.
- -  Melting operations without thermostatis controls.
- -  Unventilated indoor or outdoor spray painting
-     operations.
- shall wear positive-pressure supplied-air respirators.
- Full face shields are required if lead aerosols cause eye or skin irritation.

## Limits of Respirator Usage

- Engineering control measures shall be employed to
- control and contain airborne lead particulates to the
- lowest feasible level.
- Respirators alone shall not be used to achieve compliance
- with PELs except in the following cases:
-  - During the time period necessary to implement engineering
-     control measures.
- - In work situations in which the control methods prescribed
-   are not technically feasible, or are not sufficient to reduce
-   the airborne concentrations to or below the PEL.
- - Whenever an employee requests a respirator.

## Respirator Fit Testing

- Qualitative fit tests shall be required
- for all respirator users at time of initial
- fitting and at least every _6 months_
- thereafter.

## Warning Signs

*Warning Signs*

-  Signs shall be provided and displayed at each
- location where airborne lead may exceed the PEL.

-  The warning sign may contain a listing of required
- protective equipment.

- DANGER

- Lead Work Area
- Poison
- No Smoking, Eating, or Drinking

## Caution Labels

*Caution Labels*

-  Affixed to containers of contaminated clothing, equipment, raw materials, waste,
- debris, or other products containing lead.

- CAUTION

- Clothing contaminated with lead
- Do not remove dust by blowing or shaking
- Dispose of lead contaminated wash water in
- accordance with applicable local, state,
- of federal regulations.

## Changing Facilities(shall be provided if level exceeds PEL)

- Change rooms shall be provided as close as practical
- to the lead work area.
- There will be protective clothing removal procedures
- posted.
- Removal of lead particles from clothing by blowing
- or shaking is prohibited.
- Shower facilities shall be located between the "dirty"
- and "clean" change rooms.

- CHANGE
-   ROOMS

## Changing Facilities cont'd

- Do not leave wearing any clothing that was
- worn during the work shift.
- Lead contaminated clothing will be laundered
- by informed and capable contractors or Navy
- facilities.

-   Laundry Facility
-       HOURS - 6 AM - 6 PM
-  In by 7, out by 5
- We do Contaminated Clothing

## LUNCHROOMS

- Lunchrooms shall be provided for employees who work in areas where the airborne lead exposure is above the PEL.
- These lunchrooms shall have a positive
- pressure, filtered air supply and be readily accessible.
- Protective clothing and equipment shall be
- removed prior to entering the lunchroom.

- COKE

## LUNCHROOMS cont'd

- In lead work areas, the following shall be prohibited:
-  Eating
-  Drinking
-  Chewing or smoking tobacco
-  Applying makeup
-  Storage of food or tobacco
- All lead workers shall wash their hands and face
- prior to eating, drinking, smoking, or applying
- cosmetics.

## Medical Surveillance Program

- The program consists of 3 basic elements:
-   - Pre-placement medical evaluation.
- 	All personnel shall receive a pre-placement evaluation prior to
- 	assignment to a position involving potential exposure to lead that
- 	equals or exceeds the AL.
-   -  Semi-annual blood lead monitoring unless air monitoring
-      indicates exposures above the action level for more than
-      30 days per year.
- 	Blood analysis by a center for disease control approved lab.
-    -  Follow-up medical evaluations and blood lead analysis
-      based on the results of blood lead analysis and
-      physician's opinion.

## Workplace Monitoring Plan

*Workplace Monitoring Plan*

- An Industrial Hygienist shall evaluate all workplaces at least
- annually, or more frequently if necessary, where lead is
- used and shall reevaluate the operation within 5 working
- days of any work process or control change.
- The employee or designated employee representative shall
- be given the opportunity to observe sampling or monitoring.
- The employer shall collect full shift (7 continuous hours)
- personal samples including at least one sample for each shift,
- for each job classification, in each work area.
- Initial determination is made if the employee is exposed to
- lead at or above the action level.