# Presentation: 477023

## Best Practices When Communicating with Air Traffic Control

**Best Practices When Communicating with Air Traffic Control**

**Section 7**

## A.....Alfa		B..... Bravo	          C..... Charlie

**A.....Alfa****	****	****B..... Bravo****	****          C..... Charlie**
**D.....Delta****	****	****E..... Echo ****	****	****F..... Foxtrot**
**G.....Golf****	****	****H..... Hotel****	****	****I.....  India**
**J..... Juliett****	****	****K..... Kilo****	**** ****	****L..... Lima**
**M.....Mike****	****	****N..... November****	****O.....Oscar**
**P..... Papa****	****	****Q..... Quebec****	****R..... Romeo**
**S..... Sierra****	****	****T..... Tango****	****	****U..... Uniform**
**V..... Victor****	****	****W.....Whiskey****	****X..... Xray**
**Y..... Yankee****	****Z..... Zulu**

## Air Traffic Control Tower Light Gun Signals

**Aircraft on Ground**

**Vehicle and Personnel Movement**

**Cleared for Takeoff**
**Cleared for Taxi**
**STOP**
**Taxi Clear of Runway**
**Return to Starting Point on Airport**
**Exercise Extreme Caution**

**Cleared to Cross,**
**Proceed or Go**
**Not Applicable**
**STOP**
**Clear the Taxiway/Runway**
**Return to Starting Point**
**on the Airport**
**Exercise Extreme Caution**

## Taxi Scenarios

**Taxi Scenarios**

**Crossing Runways during Taxi **
**Taxi into Position and Hold (TIPH)**
**Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO)**
**Using a Runway as a Taxiway**
**Intersection Takeoffs**

## Crossing Runways During Taxi

**A clearance to “taxi to” the takeoff runway is NOT a clearance to cross the ASSIGNED takeoff runway, or to taxi on the ASSIGNED takeoff runway at any point, but it is a clearance to cross OTHER runways that intersect the taxi route to the assigned takeoff runway.**

**Crossing Runways During Taxi**

## Crossing Runways During Taxi

**Crossing Runways During Taxi**

**Use the Airport Diagram**
**Know where you are **
**Know where you’re going**

## Crossing Runways During Taxi

**Aircraft is issued taxi instructions that authorize the crossing of all runways that intersect the taxi route.  “Runway 14, taxi via Echo and Juliet, hold short Runway 14”.**

**Answer:  NO. The taxiing aircraft is expected to hold short at the intersection of Taxiway E and Runway 14.  Further ATC clearance is required to cross Runway 14 enroute to the approach end.**

**Can the taxiing aircraft proceed to the approach end of  Runway 14 without having to hold anywhere?**

**Crossing Runways During Taxi**

##  Taxi into Position and Hold 

**A/C 1**

**A/C 2**

**Aircraft #1 is instructed to taxi into position and hold Runway 35R and to “expect an immediate departure” while aircraft #2 has been issued landing clearance to same runway.  ATC has informed each pilot as to the other’s location.**

**As the pilot of either aircraft, what should you expect to hear?**

**Answer:  Aircraft #1 will be told about traffic on final and should expect takeoff clearance soon after reaching position and hold.  Aircraft #2 will be told about the traffic in position and should expect clearance to land on short final.  If already cleared to land and A/C #1 has not departed, A/C #2 should question the tower.   If no response, execute a go around and advise ATC.  Never land over another aircraft in position on the runway.**

** ****Taxi into Position and Hold **

##  Land and Hold Short Operations

**Aircraft #1 is told “Runway 30, cleared to land, hold short of Runway 36, traffic, C172 departing Runway 36”.  Aircraft #2 is holding in position Runway 36 and receives the following clearance “Traffic, C172 landing Runway 30, will hold short of intersection, Runway 36, cleared for takeoff.”**

**A/C 1**

**A/C 2**

**What should each aircraft and ATC listen for?**

**Answer:  ATC and A/C 2 should hear A/C 1 acknowledge (read back) the land and hold short instructions.  A/C 1 should understand that A/C 2 has been given takeoff clearance and will be crossing in front from left to right. A/C 1 should not proceed beyond the TIPH hold marking until advised by ATC.  The critical communication loop involves a complete understanding between ATC, A/C 1 and A/C 2.**

** ****Land and Hold Short Operations**

## Using a Runway As a Taxiway

**Using a Runway As a Taxiway**

**Actively listen for  traffic**
**Expedite your taxi time on the runway**

## Performing Intersection Takeoffs

**Performing Intersection Takeoffs**

**Visually check for landing or departing aircraft before moving onto the runway.**

## Listen before transmitting.

**Listen before transmitting.**
**Think before transmitting.**
**Monitor ATIS before transmitting.**

**When Communicating with Air Traffic Control**

## Ensure you understand all ATC instructions

**Ensure you understand all ATC instructions**
**Do not hesitate to ask for progressive taxi instructions if unfamiliar with airport or confused**

## Maintain a “sterile cockpit” during taxi, takeoff and landing 

**Maintain a “sterile cockpit” during taxi, takeoff and landing **

**Never stop on a runway after landing to ask for directions.  Clear the runway first, then ask ground control for directions**

## An ambiguous clearance

**An ambiguous clearance**
**An unintelligible transmission**
**A clearance that doesn’t “fit”**
**Someone else acknowledging your clearance**

**Always Question**

## Readback All Hold Short Instructions

**Readback All Hold Short Instructions**

## Cockpit workload increases

**Cockpit workload increases**
**Distractions tend to increase**
**Fatigue level increases**
**Attention to communications decrease.**

**During Night Operations**

##  Scan Outside the Cockpit –

** ****Scan Outside the Cockpit –**
** ****Especially When on Taxiways and Runways**

## Certain environmental conditions, such as snow, fog, or heavy rain may prevent visual confirmation by ATC of an aircraft’s position on the airport and adherence to taxi instructions.

**Certain environmental conditions, such as snow, fog, or heavy rain may prevent visual confirmation by ATC of an aircraft’s position on the airport and adherence to taxi instructions.**

**Inform ATC immediately if you become disoriented**

**End of Section 7**