# Presentation: 391197

## Neutrino Scattering Physics at Superbeams and Neutrino Factories

**Shunzo Kumano,   Saga University**
**kumanos@cc.saga-u.ac.jp, **** ****http://hs.phys.saga-u.ac.jp**
**5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories & Superbeams **
**Columbia University, New York, June 5-11, 2003**
******Introduction **
******High-energy spin physics**
******Nuclear structure functions**
******Low/medium-energy scattering ****(long baseline)**** **
**June 5,  2003**** **

## Related talks in WG2

**Monday, June 9**
-  **Strangeness**
-       **W. Albrecio**    Neutrino-nucleon scattering and strange form factors
-        **R. Tayloe**       Measuring the Strange Spin of the Nucleon with Neutrinos
-        **Y. Miyachi**     Neutrino Scattering on the Nucleon and Parton Distribution Functions
**Deep Inelastic Scattering**
-        **U. Yang**               Unified approach for modelling neutrino and electron scattering cross section
-                                       from very high Q2 to Q2=0
-        **F. Sergiampietri**   Near liquid argon detector for near future
-        **B. Bernstein**         NuTeV Structure Functions: Preliminary Results and Future Work
**sin****2********W**: Recent Results and Future Measurements
-        **I. Younus**    First Results from SLAC E-158; Measuring Parity Violation in Moller Scattering
-        **P. Reimer**    DIS-Parity: Measuring sin2W with Parity Violating Deep Inelastic Scattering
-        **J. Yu**            Precision Measurement of sin2W  at a Neutrino Factory
**Tuesday, June 10**
**Neutrino Cross-Sections** (with WG1)
-        **G. Zeller**             How well do we understand neutrino cross-sections?
-        **C. Walter**            Low energy neutrino-nucleus cross-sections
-        **K. McFarland**    Cross-section measurements at MINerVA/FINeSE/JHF

- Refs. **C. Albright et al.**, hep-ex/0008064,
-          **M. L. Mangano et al.**, hep-ph/0105155,
-          **Y. Kuno et al.**, NuFact-J studies, version 1.0.

## Why nucleonic & nuclear structure at  factory?

**Basic interest ****to understand hadron structure,**
**     ****determination of fundamental constants**
******perturbative & non-perturbative QCD**
**********fundamental constants: ********s ****, sin****2********W**
**(2)**** ****Practical purpose: to describe hadron cross sections**
**       ****precisely.  ****For hadron reactions with Q****2****>1 GeV****2 ****, **
**        ****accurate ****PDFs**** (parton distribution  functions) are needed.**** **
**   ****For example, **
**********heavy-ion reactions:**** ****quark-gluon plasma signature **
**********exotic events at large Q****2****:**** **
**                     ****physics of “beyond current framework”**
**********neutrino oscillation: **** ****nuclear effects in ********+ ****16****O **

## Neutrino deep inelastic scattering (CC)

## Neutrino-quark scattering (CC)

- valence-quark distributions

## Neutrino deep inelastic scattering (NC)

**Neutrino-quark scattering (NC)**

## Sum rules in N reactions

**“****unpolarized” Bjorken**

**Gross-Llewellyn Smith**

******  ****determination of ********s                   ********  higher-twist effects **

**Adler**

**WG3 talks at NuFact02****  ****(****Weiss, Kataev, Bodek, Cvetic)**
-     _[http://www.hep.ph.ic.ac.uk/NuFact02/Scientific-programme/files/wg3.html](http://www.hep.ph.ic.ac.uk/NuFact02/Scientific-programme/files/wg3.html)_
-      or hep-ph/0211052

## Recent unpolarized distributions

-     see **http://durpdg.dur.ac.uk/hepdata/pdf.html**

**CTEQ6**, JHEP 0207 (2002) 012;  **GRV98**, Eur. Phys. J. C5 (1998) 461;
**MRST02**, hep-ph/0211080

## High-energy spin physics

**in ******** scattering**

## Polarized PDF analysis

**        ****of e/******** scattering data**

- J. Blümlein & H. Böttcher
- Nucl. Phys. B636 (2002) 225.

## Polarized neutrino-proton scattering (CC)

**new structure functions  g****3****, g****4****, g****5**

**be careful about ****“****various” definitions of g****3****, g****4****, g****5 ****! **

**0  at Q****2****>>M****2**

**Polarized ****neutrino-proton scattering (CC)**

## g1, g4, g5 in parton model  (CC) 

**determination of valence polarization**

## Possibilities at  factory 

- S. Forte, M. L. Mangano, G. Ridolfi
- Nucl. Phys. B602 (2001) 585.

## Quark spin content

****** ****factory**

******s: talks by Albrecio,**
**          ****Tayloe, Miyachi**

## Nuclear structure functions

**in ******** scattering**

## Nuclear modification

**Nuclear modification of F****2****A ****/**** ****F****2****D ****is**
**well known in ****electron/muon scattering.**
** **

## NuMI

- J. G. Morfin at NuFact02/NuInt02

** ****test of shadowing models **
**   ****F****3**** ****(valence) shadowing**
**   ****vs.**** F****2**** (sea) shadowing**
** ****accurate determination of**
**   ****nuclear PDFs **

**F****3**

**F****2**

**Fe/D ratios**

**S. A. Kulagin**

## Nuclear PDFs

- Eskola, Kolhinen, Ruuskanen, Salgado
-       Nucl. Phys. B535 (1998) 351;
-       Eur. Phys. J. C9 (1999) 61.

- Hirai, SK, Miyama
- PRD, 64 (2001) 034003;
- research in progress.

- 0.5

- 0.6

- 0.7

- 0.8

- 0.9

- 1

- 1.1

- 1.2

- 0.001

- 0.01

- 0.1

- 1

*x*

**valence**

- Q

- 2

- = 1 GeV

- 2

**gluon**

**sea**

- preliminary

******  ****factory, NuMI**

**Ca/D**

## “HERMES effect” (nuclear effect on R=L/T)

**“****HERMES effect” **(nuclear effect on R=L/T)
-  HERMES, Ackerstaff el al., PL B 475 (2000) 386;
-                    Erratum, hep-ex/0210067; hep-ex/0210068.

- Miller, Brodsky, Karliner,
-   PL B 481, 245 (2000).

**Q****2**** (GeV****2****)**

**R****A ****/R****D**

## Nuclear effects on R=L/T by CCFR/NuTeV

- Yang et al., PRL 87 (2001) 251802.

- CCFR

- HERMES

- SLAC

**No significant deviation is measured**
**from the nucleon case   (                  ).**

**No large nuclear modification**
**of R is observed in ********+Fe**** ****!**
**(note: CCF/NuTeV target is Fe)**

**note**

## Nuclear effects on R=L/T at medium & large x 

- M. Ericson and SK, Phys. Rev. C67 (2003) 022201

- Modification of R does exist at large x
- (1) transverse nucleon motion
-    T-L admixture (F1N & FLN)
- (2) binding and Fermi-motion effects
-       in the spectral function

## NuTeV sin2W anomaly NuTeV, PRL 88 (2002) 091802

- Others: sin2W = 1  mW2/mZ2 = 0.2227  0.0004
- NuTeV: sin2W = 0.2277  0.0013 (stat)  0.0009 (syst)
**Studies on nuclear effects in iron**
-     **McFarland et. al.**, NP B112 (2002) 226.
-          nuclear modification of structure functions,  deviation from isoscalar nucleus
-     **Miller & Thomas**, hep-ex/0204007: shadowing effects (VMD)
-     **Zeller et. al.**, hep-ex/0207052: VMD issues: Paschos-Wolfenstein, NC/CC ratio
-     **Kovalenko, Schmidt, Yang**, PL B546 (2002) 68: modifications of nuclear PDFs
-     **SK**, PRD 66 (2002) 111301: difference between nuclear modifications of uv and dv
**    ****Kulagin**, PRD 67 (2003) 091301: neutron excess correction

**talks on sin****2********W**** by Younus, Reimer, Yu**

## sin2W anomaly from a nuclear physicist’s point of view

**Paschos-Wolfenstein relation**

## Expand in v, n, s, c << 1

**Expand in ********v****, ********n****, ********s****, ********c**** << 1**

- SK (2002): **rather small**
**                   **but not so obvious

**taken into account in the NuTeV analysis**

**small effect which increases the deviation**
- Zeller et al., PRD 65 (2002) 111103

- Kulagin (2003): **deviation becomes small**

- sin2W = 0.2277  0.2251
-                                 (other data:  0.2227)
- (This may need confirmation by including NuTeV kinematical effects.)

## Low/medium-energy  scattering

**(Current long baseline neutrino reactions)**

**Nuclear effects are becoming important!**

**The details are found in**
**NuInt01, ****http://neutrino.kek.jp/nuint01/**
**(2)  NuInt02, ****http://nuint.ps.uci.edu/**

## Attempt to describe DIS & resonance region

**GRV94**

**Bodek-Yang**
-  NP B 112 (2002) 70

**Empirical formula**

## Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few-GeV Region

**M. Sakuda at NuInt02**

**Nuclear corrections in ****16****O are important**** ****!**

**exclusion effect**

**Binding, Fermi motion, ****Pauli exclusion,**** NN correlation, PDF modification, ...**

- -nucleus cross sections are not well known at E=0.5-20 GeV. (20% accuracy)
- For accurate oscillation measurements, a few % accuracy is needed.

- 

- 

- n
- p

- P
- p

**8%**

- d/dQ2

**talks by Zeller, Walter, McFarland**

**exclusion effect**

## Example of nuclear effects: NN correlation

- Benhar, Gallagher, Nakamura
- at NuInt02

**Spectral function****= nucleon momentum distribution in a nucleus**

## Another example: nuclear PDF corrections

**Another example: nuclear PDF corrections**

**Ref. Paschos & Yu,****  PRD 65 (2002) 033002.****Nuclear PDF effects on****     ****(********+Fe)****CC ****,   (********+Fe)****NC**

**no nuclear correction **

**with nuclear PDF**
**corrections**

## Summary on  scattering physics

******pQCD, non-pQCD (PDFs), sum rules**
******fundamental constants: ********s ****, sin****2********W**
******nuclear structure functions**
******quark spin content ********, ********new**** ****spin structure functions**
******low energy: nuclear effects, form factors, resonances**
**These studies have influence on**
******QCD (****hadron models****)**
******heavy-ion physics**** **
******finding ****new physics**** beyond**
******the current theoretical framework**
******neutrino**** properties ****(long baseline physics)**