# Presentation: 381180

## ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004

**ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA ****Standard 90.1-2004**

*Jerry W. White PE*
*J & E Consulting Group, LLC*
*Chairman, ASHRAE SSPC 90.1*

***Overview of***
***	******1. – 2004 vs. 2001 edition***
***	******2. -  Compliance***
***	******3. - Requirements***
***	******4. - Code Acceptance***
***	******	******	***

## ASHRAE / IESNA Standard 90.1 
Historical Perspective 
90 –1975 (way back-first standard)
90A-1980 (past)
90.1–1989 (past)
90.1–1999 (past)
90.1 – 2001 (present)
90.1 – 2004 (later this year)
90.1 – 2007 (future)

**Historical Perspective **
- 90 –1975 (way back-first standard)
- 90A-1980 (past)
- 90.1–1989 (past)
- 90.1–1999 (past)
- 90.1 – 2001 (present)
- 90.1 – 2004 (later this year)
- 90.1 – 2007 (future)

**Background**

**Notes:**
Sometimes the best way to understand a present situation is to view its history. To that end, we’ll spend a little time looking at past and present versions of Standard 90.1.
The standard is held jointly by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.... (ASHRAE) and The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA).
It was first published in 1975, partially in response to the oil embargo. However, ASHRAE and IESNA also felt that the national impact of energy conservation was important enough to keep the standard active. 
In 1989, the second major (and currently enforced) version of the standard was published. We’ll touch on it briefly in just a moment.
Most of our time together will focus on the revision to 90.1-89. Officially, it’s designated as 90.1-1989R (revision). We’ll discuss its status, the topics identified as “mandatory” by the committee, and their potential impact outside the ASHRAE community.

##   U.S. Energy Policy Act -1992

**Established HVAC equipment efficiencies in 90.1 as the minimum levels for new manufacturing standards **
**Required state codes to meet or exceed requirements of 90.1–1999**
**Required government to evaluate revisions to Standard 90.1,****and may obligate states to          update their codes to that level**

**Notes:**
the Energy Policy Act of 1992 indicates that states must have codes at least as stringent as 90.1–1989. It also says that when the standard is updated, the Department of Energy must evaluate those revisions. If the department agrees with them, it can require states to update their energy codes.

Clearly, the potential impact here in the United States is far-reaching.

## 1. FROM 1989 TO 2004

**1989**

**2001**

**2004**

**1989 – Not code language.  Contains both requirements and design guidance.**
**1999 – Complete rewrite.  Code language, ready for adoption as energy code by AHJ.**
**2001 – Revision of 1999 edition.  Incorporates 34 addenda published since 1999 edition issued.**
**2004 – Revision of 2001 edition.  Incorporates 32 addenda published since 2001 edition issued**

**1999**

## What is Code Language?

- Standards language (permissive, non-enforceable):
*“**Designers *_*should consider*_* the use of renewable energy.”*

- Code language (mandatory, enforceable):
*“**Designs *_*shall incorporate*_* the use of renewable energy sources.”*

## Highlights of Standard 90.1-2004 compared to 90.1-2001

- 2004 edition = 2001 + 32 addenda
- Complete reformatting
- Revisions/additions noted by “revision bar”; deletions by an arrow.
- Envelope section contains new climate zone map and tables
- LPD tables for lighting updated with reduced watts/sq. ft.
- Loopholes closed
- New standards and test procedures referenced.

## Re-Formatting 90.1-2004 - Conventions

- Text should not be repeated within the document
- Each Chapter should be as “self contained” as possible
- Where there is no text for a particular section, the numbered heading will be retained followed by: (Reserved)

- The following Chapter structure is utilized:
- #.1 General
- #.2 Compliance Paths
- #.3 Simplified Building  Option
- #.4 Mandatory Provisions
- #.5 Prescriptive Option
- #.6 Alternate Option
- #.7 Submittals
- #.8 Product Information.

## Envelope
HVAC
Service water heating
Power
Lighting
Other Equipment

**HVAC**
**Service water heating**
**Power**
**Lighting**
**Other Equipment**

** ****Standard 90.1 2004 Covers ...**

**Notes:**
We’ll go through each of these sections in detail.

## 2. COMPLIANCE

**Notes:**
Mandatory provisions must be met regardless of which compliance method is followed.

## 3.  OVERVIEW OF REQUIREMENTS

## Purpose - Section 1

**...****provide minimum requirements for the energy-efficient design of buildings except low-rise residential buildings**

## New buildings and systems
New portions of buildingsand systems (additions)
New systems and equipmentin existing buildings (alterations)
Excludes low-riseresidential - (Standard 90.2)

**New portions of buildings****and systems (additions)**
**New systems and equipment****in existing buildings (alterations)**
***Excludes***** low-rise****residential - (Standard 90.2)**

**Scope**** - ****Section 2**

**Notes:**
The revision to Standard 90.1 expands its scope to include additions and alterations to existing buildings. This modification changed many people’s perception of the standard. 
It should be noted here that the standard does NOT apply to single-family houses, multi-family of three stories or less (low-rise residential buildings), or to manufactured housing.
Standard 90.2 applies to one- and two -family residential and low-rise residential buildings
Also exempt are buildings that do not use either electricity or fossil fuel and energy used for industrial or manufacturing processes
The scope also states that the standard contains criteria for determining compliance with the requirements of the standard

##   Definitions - Section 3

**Definitions**
**Abbreviations**
** ****Acronyms**

**Notes:**
Source of definitions: various building codes, the ASHRAE Terminology Handbook, ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1989, the IESNA Handbook, etc.......  Where appropriate, the SSPC used these sources, and as necessary, modified these definitions or defined terms not found in these sources.

## Admin. & Enforcement - Section 4

**Compliance requirements**
- new buildings and systems
- existing buildings and systems
*additions*
*alterations **(comply if you change it)*
**Compliance documentation**
- drawings, manuals
- labeling - envelope, mechanical

**Notes:**
Section 4 contains provisions related to the administration and enforcement of compliance with the Standard. 

## Section 4 – New for 2004

- Addenda “a”:
**Removes Section 4.4.7 Titled *****Transformers***
- Addenda “af”:
**Revisions to requirements for alterations.**
**Increases stringency.**
**Eliminates possible loopholes**

**Notes:**
When transformer requirements were deleated from section 8  the requirement for labeling transformer with their energy-efficiency level became meaningless or confusing

## General Layout Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10

**Mandatory requirements**
**Prescriptive requirements**
**Performance methodology**

**Notes:**
This is the standard presently in use. It gives minimum requirements, design criteria and guidance.

## Building Envelope – Section 5

- New for 2004:
**New Climate zone map - Old 26 zones vs. new 8 zones **
**Information easier to read and use.**

## Building Envelope – Section 5

## BUILDING ENVELOPE CHANGES

**	****   ****Table 3-2  Heated Space Criteria**
**	****	****Heating Output**		**Climate zone**
- 		Btu/hft2
-  		     5				1 and 2
- 		    10				3
- 		    15				4 and 5
- 		    20				6 and 7
- 		    25				8

## BUILDING ENVELOPE CHANGES (cont)

- Tables 5.3.1.1A and 5.3.1.1B
**Changed to indicate Climate Zone vs. HDD**
- Tables B-2, B-5, B-10, B-9, B-13, B-17, B-19, B-22, B-24 Building Envelope requirements
**Renumbered to match climate zones**
**All other tables eliminated **
- Table 6.1.3 Eliminate Required Economizer
**Changed to indicate Climate Zone vs. CDD**
- Tables 6.2.3.3.4 Maximum Damper Leakage
**Revised table and changed from HDD/CDD to climate zones**

## BUILDING ENVELOPE CHANGES (cont)

- Table 6.2.4.2A Minimum Duct Insulation
**Changed to indicate Climate Zone and omitted Criteria Table column and the HDD & CDD column**
- Table 6.3.1 Minimum System size for Economizer
**Totally new table and simplified**
- Tables 6.3.1.1.3A & 6.3.1.1.3B High Limit shutoff controls for economizers
**Changed to indicate Climate Zone**
- Tables 6.2.3.3.4 Maximum Damper Leakage
**Revised table and changed from HDD/CDD to climate zones**

## Section 6 – HVAC

- Courtesy of the Trane Company

## Section 6 –Compliance Paths

## Section 6.1 Simplified – New for 2004

- Addition of a detailed explanation of control means to clarify the intent of the supplemental heater control requirements
- Exempt NAECA- regulated equipment

**Section 6.1 Simplified – New for 2004**

## Section 6.2 Mandatory – New for 2004

- Addenda “b”:
**Revisions to Mechanical equipment efficiency requirements for cooling towers**
- Addenda “c”:
**Allows pressure-sensitive tape for duct sealing if it meets UL-181A or 181B by independent certified testing lab.**

**Notes:**
“b” unfair advantage to products that have a certification program and those that do not.  New language requires cooling towers to meet the same requirements as air-cooled euipment

## Section 6.2 – New for 2004 (cont.)

- Addendum “d”:
**Adds minimum efficiency standards for single-package vertical units**
- Addenda “i”:
**Revises the Standard for three-phase AC units and heat pumps less the 65,000Btu/h.  SEER of 12 and an additional 7.4 HSPF for the heat pumps.  This addendum does not take effect until January 23, 2006 when the DOE Final Rule is effective.**

-    Addenda “k”:
**  ****	****Removes the use of standard pneumatic controllers ****	****for either zone thermostatic or supply loop control**

**Notes:**
“d” Until recently SPVU were classified as residential products and were covered under NAECA however on Oct 2000 DOE concluded that SPVU were commercial products and were covered under EPASCT

## Section 6.2 – New for 2004 (cont.)

- Addenda “r”:
**Revision to duct insulation tables to clarify that insulation requirements for return ducts apply to all return ducts whether for cooling only or heating only or a combined heat/cool system**
- Addenda “x”:
**Broadens the Requirement for off-hour controls Sec. 6.2.3.2 for HVAC systems (65 Mbh to15 Mbh) and adds Sec. 6.2.3.3.5 motors larger than 3⁄4 hp to have automatic shutoff controls**
- Addenda “z”:
**Clarifies the exception to Section 6.2.1 – changes to show that applications requiring secondary coolants are excluded from the standard**

## Section 6.3 Prescriptive – New for 2004

- Addenda “o”:
**Revision to clearly indicated that the exception only applies to heat recovery systems.**
- Addenda “s”:
**Exception “i” to 6.3.6.1 is modified to apply to any systems requiring dehumidification that employ series energy recovery technology.**
- Addenda “u”:
**Adds dew-point and dry-bulb temperature as a shutoff control type for Air Economizers to Table 6.3.1.1.3A and 6.3.1.1.3B**

## Section 6.3 – New for 2004

- Addenda “y”:
**Changes the limitation on VAV fan motor requirements (30 hp to 15 hp)**
- Addenda “ab”:
**Changed wording to be inline with NFPA 96 and the International Mechanical Code on kitchen hoods**

## Section 7 – Service Water Heating

- Courtesy of the Trane Company

## Section 7.2 – New for 2004

- Addenda “m”
**Adds Performance Requirements for Heat Pump Pool Heaters**

## Section 9 - Lighting 

## Section 9 - Lighting

**9.1 General Application**
**9.2  Mandatory Provisions**
**9.3 Prescriptive Path **
- Interior Lighting Power Allowance
*Building Area Method*
*Space by Space Method*
- Exterior Lighting Power Allowance

## 9.2 – Mandatory Requirements

- New for 2004:
- Addenda “j”:
**Eliminates possible confusion in understanding the application of control provisions**
- Addenda “t”:
**Adds exceptions for automatic lighting shutoff devices.  9.2.1.1c. Spaces where shutoff would endanger safety or security of the room occupants.**
- Addenda “ae”:
**Adds required locations of automatic lighting control devices**

## 9.2 – New for 2004 (cont)

- Addenda “ai”:
**Modifies the wattage of exits lights to “shall not exceed 5 watts per face”**
- Addenda “q”:
**The exterior lighting portion is extensively revised**

## 9.2 Mandatory Provisions

**Automatic Lighting control devices**
*Control device shall turn the lighting off within 30 minutes of all occupants leaving the space*
- Classrooms ( not including shop classrooms, laboratories and preschool through 12th grade
- Conference/meeting rooms
- Employee lunch and break rooms
*All other spaces control device shall be manually by occupant or sensing an occupant*

## Section 9.3 – Prescriptive Requirements

- SUMMARY:
- Interior lighting power allowance – two compliance options:
**Building area method**
**Space-by-space method**
- Exterior lighting power allowance

## Section 9.3 – New for 2004

- Addenda “g” & “ag”:
**Revises the LPDs for both the Building Area Method and Space-by-Space Method **

## Lighting Power Densities - 9.3.1.1

- Building space models were developed to calculate power densities limits using:
**Current product performance data**
**Updated efficacy and loss factors**
**New building construction data**
**IES-recommended light levels**
**Professional lighting design consensus**

## 9.3.1.1 Building Area Method Lighting Power Densities

- 2) Replace Table 9.3.1.2 with the following new table to incorporate revised space-by-space LPD values and provide a table format that includes the same space categories as the previous table but in a clearer, easier to use format.  These revised LPD values reflect current light source efficiency data, recent research work on light loss factors and latest IESNA light level recommendations.

- 2) Replace Table 9.3.1.2 with the following new table to incorporate revised space-by-space LPD values and provide a table format that includes the same space categories as the previous table but in a clearer, easier to use format.  These revised LPD values reflect current light source efficiency data, recent research work on light loss factors and latest IESNA light level recommendations.

**Building Area Type****a**

**Lighting Power Density (W/ft****2****)**

## Space-by-Space Method – 9.3.1.2

- Identify different building types in your project
- Divide gross lighted area of the building into each of the space types
- Calculate lighting power allowance for each space type
- Sum all the allowances
- Advantages
**More flexible**
**Applicable to all building types**

- Prescriptive

## Space-by-Space Method 2001– Max. Lighting Power Densities – 9.3.1.2 

**Space-by-Space Method 2001– Max. Lighting Power Densities – 9.3.1.2 **

## Space-by-Space Method 2004

**Common Space Types**

**Space-by-Space Method 2004**

## Slide 44

## Exterior Lighting

-  THE
-  GREAT
-  OUTDOORS

## 9.2 Mandatory Provisions – Exterior Controls

- Automatic Exterior Lighting Control Shutoff when sufficient daylight is available or when lighting is not required during nighttime hours
* **Astronomical time switch for non dusk-to-dawn operation*
* **Astronomical time switch or photo sensor for dusk-to-dawn operation*

## 9.3.2  Exterior Building Lighting Power

- Total exterior lighting power allowance equals the sum of the lighting power densities in Table 9.3.2 and an additional 5%.
- Trade-offs are allowed only among applications listed in Table 9.3.2 titled “Tradable Surfaces”.
- Exceptions to 9.3.2 added or modified
- “b” is now “I” (monuments and historic landmarks)
- Advertising or directional signage
- Lighting integral to equipment or instrumentation install by manufacture
- Theatrical purposes
- Athletic playing areas
- Theme/amusement parks

## 9.3.2  Exterior Building Lighting Power - 2001

**EXISTING TABLE 9.3.2**
**	****Lighting Power Limits for Building Exteriors**

**TABLE 9.3.2**
**	****Lighting Power Densities for Building Exteriors **

## Section 11 – ECB Method (Energy Cost Budget)

**Section 11 – ECB Method ****(Energy Cost Budget)**

**The Ultimate 90.1 Trade-off Approach**

## Section 11 – New for 2004

- Addenda “e”:
**Added or revised 7 definitions**
**Developed a new Informative Appendix “G” (Performance Rating Method)**
- Addenda “p”:
**Adds a requirement that building energy simulation programs be tested using Standard 140 and that the test results be made available**
- Addenda “al”:
**Updates the references in Appendix “E”.**

**Notes:**
“e” To meet the needs of the Users of 90.1 and as a benchmark for LEED rating system developed this appendix for use in above-standard ratings.  The rating method generates a performance benchmark that, while generally equivalent in stringency with 90.1, is more stable because it is based on programmatic requirements of the project rather than on its design

## Section 11 – New for 2004 (cont.)

- Addenda “ac”:
**Number of unrelated changes that are intended to add clarity and specificity.**
***Exceptions to 11.3.6 Add: exception (d) manually operated shading devices shall not be modeled.  Permanent devices shall be modeled.***
***Section 11.3.9 “Other systems” replaced with “Miscellaneous loads”***
***Table 11.4.3A ( Note 7) Completely rewritten to include requirements for modeling water-source heat pumps***
***Additional  minor requirements in Section 11.4.3 k(1) and Section 11.4.5***

## Section 12 – New for 2004 (cont.)

- Addenda “aa”:
**Deletes references that are no longer referred to in the Standard, add new references and corrects and updates existing references**

## Appendix D – New for 2004

- Addenda “ah”:
**Adds weather data for the District of Columbia and US Territories to Table D-1**
**Adds weather data for the Philippines to Table D-3**

## Slide 55

## 4. CODE COMPLIANCE

**IECC Chapter 7 requires buildings to comply with 90.1-2001 **Part of the ICC series of codes that replace the UBC, BOCA & SBC
**NFPA 5000 requires compliance with 90.1 - 2001**

## How to Get the Standard

**Standard 90.1-2004 will be available 4****th**** Quarter this year**
**Visit the ASHRAE Bookstore at http://xp10.ashrae.org/bookstore/section.html or call ****1-800-5 ASHRAE or 404-636-8400**

##   QUESTIONS?