# Presentation: 575874

## Peter Bond
 Acting Associate Director 
for High Energy and Nuclear Physics
RHIC/AGS/NSRL User Meeting 
June 8, 2006

** ****Acting Associate Director **
**for High Energy and Nuclear Physics**
**RHIC/AGS/NSRL User Meeting **
**June 8, 2006**

**Future Directions of ****BNL Nuclear and High Energy Physics **

## Background

- You have heard and will hear a lot of science talks this week so I will not repeat these talks here – rather I will focus on proposed future directions and projects that have come out of scientific results and discussions.
- 		User input has been and will be key

**Nuclear Physics**

## Priorities, Vision, Outlook

- 	The #1 priority for Nuclear Physics at BNL, present and future,
- 				is ***RHIC***
- RHIC has been and is running spectacularly both for HI and for polarized p (thanks to DOE and Renaissance Technologies)

## Near term

***Exploit the scientific opportunities at RHIC***
- Enormous gains in knowledge will continue to be made (in A+A and Spin) with near term upgrades and incremental improvements
- Luminosity, polarization, DAQ, particle ID,  coverage
- Optimized operations
- Running time vs. investment (for efficiency and the future)
- Research support
- Experimental – Research & ops support, detector R&D
- Theory support – including thermodynamics on the lattice

## RHIC Upgrade Science

| 

QCD at High T   and   | Is there a QCD Phase Transition to QGP; what are its properties?
Thermalization: How do we evolve from a low-entropy initial state to a maximal entropy state on short time scales? 
Deconfinement: Do the degrees of freedom in the initial state have deconfined color charges?
Chiral Symmetry: Is chiral symmetry restored at high T and r?
 |
| --- | --- |
| 
QCD at High E, Low x | What is the nature of gluonic matter in strongly interacting particles? 
Is this gluonic matter a CGC and is it the source of QGP? 
Is the low-x structure of nucleons in nuclei different from that of free nucleons?
 |
| 
QCD & Hadron Structure  | How do gluons contribute to the proton spin? 
What are the u, d, s quark & antiquark polarizations in the proton?      
What orbital angular momentum is carried by the partons in a proton? 
What role does transverse spin play in QCD?
 |

## Mid term plan

- RHIC II
- EBIS to increase the range of ion species available and improve operations efficiency
- e-cooling to be constructed to increase the HI luminosity by a factor of 10
- Detector upgrades to take advantage of these capabilities
- Science case for RHIC II has been made in working group white papers led by user community
- Plan small BNL participation in LHC ATLAS HI program

## Mid-Term Strategy: 2006 - 2011

- Phased implementation of key upgrades for PHENIX  and STAR detectors
- including help from non-DOE funding and collaborative resources results in
** **
**	****Two large detectors well equipped for RHIC II physics**
- Study the new form of matter with resolving power afforded by hard probes

- Annual data runs during this period will exploit these upgrades for critical advances in the Heavy Ion and Spin physics programs—
** **At the same time continued improvements in machine performance proceed

**RHIC II luminosity upgrade *****(electron-cooling of ion beams)***** proceeds along technically-driven schedule**

## Longer Term

***	******	******Evolve RHIC into “QCD Laboratory”***
- Address the compelling questions in QCD revealed by the discoveries at RHIC
- Involve the RHI, Spin and DIS communities and in articulating the future science of RHIC and eRHIC
- R&D/investments  the tools and techniques needed to address the scientific questions

## What is QCDLab ?

- e-cooling is implemented, detectors are upgraded
- A 10GeV electron injector is added to RHIC
- Computing power (e.g. BlueGene–L) is added to allow more powerful theory calculations
- The result –                                                 all possible
- a phenomenal facility for study of QCD

## QCD Laboratory

- A. Drees, A. Deshpande

## RHIC  RHIC II/eRHIC (QCDLab)

**RHIC II**
- An additional order of magnitude in average luminosity (beyond near term incremental increases)
- Detector enhancements
**eRHIC**
- Electron ring or linac
- New detector

- Critical technologies (principally electron cooling) enable both RHIC II and eRHIC Higher integrated luminosity through longer luminosity lifetime

## RHIC Science Outlook

**RHIC Science Outlook**

- The QCD LAB

**  ****QCD at high temperature and density:  ****QGP ... sQGP**
**  ****QCD at high energy and low x:  ****Physics of strong color fields**
**  ****QCD and the structure of hadrons:  ****What is the origin of nucleon spin?**

- Mid-term upgrades

## What are the hurdles to be overcome ?

- The technical and science hurdles are the “easy” ones
- Last year with the significant cut in NP funding any large facility appeared unlikely. The FY07 Presidential budget changed that outlook, but a number of challenges remain
- Issues
- Making the HI science case once LHC begins
- Need to collaborate with TJLAB on science case for QCDLab
- TJLAB (12 GeV), RIA, other DOE offices for funding
- Cost

## Making QCDLab real

- First steps are meetings like the workshop July 17-22 at BNL – experts make a convincing science case to themselves
- Must then make the case to the General NP community for the 2007 Long Range Plan *	*
*	**	**	**	**And*
*Keep in mind the arguments for other audiences*
- DOE, OMB, and Congress
- These audiences may require less detail, but need compelling reasons and each audience is vital to success

## NP Summary

- RHIC’s success has made BNL a world center for
- Heavy Ion Physics
- Spin Physics
- Nuclear Theory (high T, high , high E, low x)
- Accelerator science
- A clear (non-trivial!) path leading to a QCD Lab
- New detector capabilities, higher luminosity and polarization
- 	This path has ***discovery potential*** every step of the way!

## High Energy Physics

## The state of HEP

- RSVP cancelled in August, 2005
- Major planning exercise and redirection of program
- Reorganized experimental groups post-RSVP – most as user groups
**Collider physics**
- ATLAS, D0
- ILC Detector R&D (with Instrumentation Div.)
**Fixed target (neutrino) & non-accelerator based physics**
- Neutrinos: MINOS, reactor ******13, very long baseline
- Cosmology, astrophysics: LSST
**Strong theory & accelerator groups**
- High Energy Theory
- Advanced Accelerator R&D (key to Muon Collaboration)
- Accelerator Test Facility (HEP, BES)
- Superconducting Magnet Division (NP, HEP, WFO)

##  Collider Physics - ATLAS

- Construction at LHC is completing and BNL’s leading role in this has been a big success
- Cathode Strip Chambers shipped to CERN
- U.S. is playing a vital role under David Lissauer’s leadership
-  M&O: Pre-operation testing of detector components

## ATLAS 

- Development of Analysis Support Center at BNL
- Progress in computing software and hardware
- Tier 1 Computing Center is building up
- BNL computer professionals making important contributions to the ATLAS software
- Initiation of PanDa (Production and Distributed Analysis)
- Physics Analysis
- BNL’s Analysis Support Center is up and running
- Many tutorials, meetings and visitors in the last year
- Helps US ATLAS community to use ATLAS software
- Analysis “jamboree” taking place this week (30 universities)

## ATLAS

- Future Plans
- D0 effort has been decreasing and effort will gradually transition to ATLAS - planned for end of 2008
- Analysis Support Center will continue to expand as budget permits
- Emphasis on Tier 1 and core software
- R&D on ATLAS upgrade
- Work with Instrumentation Division on tracking devices which can withstand a factor of 10 greater luminosity

## Collider Physics - ILC R&D

- New ILC R&D detector effort
- Part of US ILC detector effort
- Work on far forward ( < 140 mrad) calorimetry
- Luminosity normalization from forward Bhabba pairs
- Instantaneous luminosity from beamsstrahlung gammas
- BNL role in Experiment Conceptual Design
- Have joined massive Si detector concept study
- Simulation and integration studies
- Physics Dept effort coordinated with BNL Instrumentation Division
- Superconducting Magnet Division effort
- Direct wind superconducting magnets for compact final focus

## Neutrino Efforts - MINOS

- MINOS – measure  Δm223 and sin22Θ 23
- First result
- Δm223 = 3.05 x 10-3  eV2
- sin22Θ 23 = 0.88
- BNL leads search for e appearance in far detector
- Should finish circa 2010 (?)

## Neutrino Effort – Daya Bay Reactor Experiment 

- BNL has joined Daya Bay Experiment CD-0, seeking CD-1
- Precision measurement of sin2213 - the last unknown neutrino mixing angle

- 3 yrs running

## Daya Bay Experiment to Measure 13

- BNL might provide Muon Tracker, simulations, project management
- BNL Chemistry department  will provide Gd loaded liquid scintillator
- Intend to begin experiment in 2010
- Visit to Daya Bay (June 9-10)
- Focus on formal collaboration issues
- Developing BNL role
- BNL has large representation on task forces which will finalize design

## Very Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment

- Neutrinos from FNAL to DUSEL
- Mass hierarcy, possible CP violation phase
- Could use upgraded beam from Fermilab with ~1 MW
- AGS could do it also, but....
- Construction of large detector 2010-2017?
***National Effort***
- Workshop with FNAL March 6-7, 2006
- Start of BNL/FNAL physics study of very long baseline experiments
- What are physics trade-offs of various detector/beam options?

## Other Issues

- g-2 awaits P5 decision
- If g-2 goes forward, BNL physicists will play important roles
- Small LSST effort formed
- 1 core FTE + 1 FTE funded by lab
- Work on camera sensors for LSST with Instrumentation
- Requires strategic hire of experimental astrophysicist and build up of engineering effort for success

## HEP Summary

- Reorganization of experimental program into three major efforts (theory in all) following RSVP cancellation
- Collider physics: ATLAS/D0/ILC
- Neutrinos: MINOS/Reactor/VLBO
- Accelerator R&D
- We are moving aggressively to implement plans
- FY07 budget allows continuation of effort at current level, but not (highly desired!) expansion of ATLAS physics effort

## Conclusion

- In both NP and HEP the future for BNL is focused on national priorities.
- The exciting science for NP is concentrated around RHIC and that for HEP at other unique facilities.
- The next decade will be an exciting one for both and we all need to work to make it real