# Presentation: 771273

## West Nile Virus Surveillance and Public Health Response 

- Florida 2001

## The Plan

- Building on existing system for arboviral control

## Florida Interagency Partnerships/Acknowledgements

- Department of Health
- Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
- Florida Conservation and Wildlife Commission
- Department of Environmental Protection

- Florida Mosquito Control Association
- University of Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory
- Florida A&M Public Health Entomology Resource and Education Center
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

## Florida Ecology Supports Arbovirus

- Warm Climate
- Regular Rainfall
- Vectors Identified
- Suitable Hosts for Amplification
- Historical Data

**Notes:**
Average yearly Temp:  80F  (source:Florida Bureau of Tourism)
Average rain:  60 inches per year
Florida is part of the major Atlantic flyway for migrating birds, 1⁄2 of Florida’s 14 million residents engage in some type of bird watching.

## Surveillance for West Nile Virus

- Animal surveillance
- Dead birds
- Sentinel chickens
- Horses
*Other vertebrates (minor)*
*Mosquito surveillance*
- Human surveillance

## Slide 6

## Slide 7

## Dead Crow Reports and WN Positive Tests, by week, Florida, 2001

**Dead Crow Reports and WN Positive Tests, by week, Florida, 2001**

**Notes:**
Dead crow reporting correlated well but the numbers of reported birds was low compared to NY etc

## WN Virus Activity, Selected Florida Counties, 2001

**WN Virus Activity, Selected Florida Counties, 2001**

## Bird-based Surveillance

- Avian mortality surveillance
- 1) dead bird sightings
- 2) virus testing
- Sensitive early detection system
- Almost all of the positive birds were found singly
- WEBBOARD

## Dead Bird Surveillance Results 2001	

- 16,838 reports received
- All 67 counties
- 23,000+ individual birds
- >60 species
- 2,595 Crows
- 2,282 Jays

## Avian Mortality Surveillance

- Positive birds provided the first confirmation of viral activity in 54 of 67 counties
- Dead bird reports correlated with human population
- Dead crow reports correlated better with WN
- Weekly dead crows/sq. mile predicted risk  in NY; did not seem to in Florida.

## Slide 13

## Slide 14

## WN virus positive birds by identified species

**N tested =7,773**
**N pos.    =1,127**
**Rate pos= 14%**

## Bird-based Surveillance

- Live bird surveillance
- Captive birds
- Chickens preceded other cases in 3 counties
-  Free-ranging birds
- Used in selected counties to help determine extent of  virus transmission – *thank you CDC*

## Slide 17

## Number of Sentinel Chicken Seroconversions to SLE virus, July-December, 1997-2001, Florida 

## Mosquito Surveillance

**27 mosquito pools  w/ WN virus**
***Culex***
***quinquefasciatus***
***nigripalpus***
***salinarius***
***Culiseta***
***melanura***
***Ochlerotatus***
***taeniorhynchus***
***atlanticus***
***Anopheles***
***crucians***
***atropos***
***Deinocerites***
***cancer***

## Equine Surveillance

- 469 cases
- 40 counties
- 56% of cases from Marion, Jefferson, Clay, Alachua, Leon and Duval Counties
- Sensitive surveillance method

## Confirmed West Nile Virus Equine Cases,Florida, 2001

- Confirmed West Nile Virus Equine Cases,Florida, 2001

## Jefferson, Leon,Madison, Taylor,Suwannee

- WEST NILE VIRUS

**Jefferson****Leon****Madison****Taylor****Suwannee****      ****1**

**June**

**July**

**Aug**

**Sept**

**Oct**

**Nov**

**31**

**58**

**31**

**Dec**

**4**

**19**

## Duval, Clay, Nassau,St. Johns

- WEST NILE VIRUS

**Jefferson****Leon****Madison****Taylor****Suwannee****      1**

**June**

**July**

**Aug**

**Sept**

**Oct**

**Nov**

**Duval ****Clay****Nassau****St. Johns**

**31**

**5**

**58**

**61**

**4**

**2**

**Dec**

**1**

**17**

**9**

**31**

**19**

## WEST NILE VIRUS

**Jefferson****Leon****Madison****Taylor****Suwannee****      ****1**

**June**

**July**

**Aug**

**Sept**

**Oct**

**Nov**

**Duval ****Clay****Nassau****St. Johns**

**31**

**5**

**58**

**17**

**19**

**61**

**4**

**9**

**31**

**2**

**Dec**

**1**

**Gadsden,****Jackson,****Walton,****Washington, ****Okaloosa,****Wakulla   **

## WEST NILE VIRUS

**Jefferson****Leon****Madison****Taylor****Suwannee****      1**

**June**

**July**

**Aug**

**Sept**

**Oct**

**Nov**

**Duval ****Clay****Nassau****St. Johns**

**Alachua****Levy****Marion****Putnam**

**31**

**5**

**58**

**17**

**19**

**61**

**43**

**4**

**9**

**69**

**31**

**2**

**25**

**Dec**

**1**

**4**

**18**

**Gadsden,****Jackson,****Walton,****Washington, ****Okaloosa,****Wakulla   **

**7**

**2**

## WEST NILE VIRUS

**Jefferson****Leon****Madison****Taylor****Suwannee****      ****1**

**June**

**July**

**Aug**

**Sept**

**Oct**

**Nov**

**Duval ****Clay****Nassau****St. Johns**

**Alachua****Levy****Marion****Putnam**

**31**

**5**

**58**

**17**

**19**

**61**

**43**

**4**

**9**

**69**

**31**

**2**

**25**

**Dec**

**1**

**4**

**18**

**Gadsden,****Jackson,****Walton,****Washington, ****Okaloosa,****Wakulla   **

**7**

**2**

**Lake****Sumter****Citrus****Pasco****Polk**

**144**

**    ****95**

**        ****33**

**145**

**19**

## Human Surveillance

- Younger than expected (range 19-73, mean 53.5)
- Serosurveillance study in Madison County (population <20,000)
- Geographically northern and extreme southern part of the state

## Human West Nile Encephalitis by week of onset, Florida, 2001

**Human West Nile Encephalitis by week of onset, Florida, 2001**

**Notes:**
From Madison, Jefferson, Monroe, Duval, Putnam, Palm Beach, Sarasota, Washington, Leon and Marion Counties

## Did virus detection by sentinel surveillance precede human cases?

- Yes (Jefferson, Clay, Leon, Putnam, Washington, Marion and Palm Beach (7))
- No (Madison, Monroe (5))

## Slide 30

## The Response

- Massive media campaign
- Internal communication
- Conference calls
- Electronic mailings
- External communication
- Press releases
- Hotline
- Web information
- Enhanced mosquito control

## Medical Alert Issued

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**Medical Alert Issued**
**October 31, 2001 (53 counties)**

## Medical Alert Lifted

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**Medical Alert Lifted**
**December 31, 2001**

## 2001 A hypothesis-generating season

- 2001 A hypothesis-generating season