# Presentation: 354155

## The HYSPLIT Model Transport and Dispersion System

- Roland Draxler, Barbara Stunder, and Glenn Rolph
- NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL)
- Silver Spring, MD

## Why dispersion modeling?

- Radiological – Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) Washington per WMO _Documentation on RSMC Support for Environmental Emergency Response_ (WMO-TD/No. 778)
- Volcanic ash
- NOAA-FAA MOU on Volcanic Hazards Alert
- Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (Washington and Anchorage) per ICAO* _International Standards and Recommended Practices; Annex 3 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation_
- Homeland Security – support WFOs
- *ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization

## System Description

***	******Current Version***
- Scripts and executables for each application (radiological, volcanic ash, homeland security)
- Data and options hardwired

***  ******New Version***
- Single executable
- Options controlled by unified pre- and post-processing scripts
- Software self-contained for easy installation at backup facilities

## Meteorology

|  | Current Version | New Version |
| --- | --- | --- |
| radiological |  GFS on-demand (3 h)
   -- 100 km subgrid |  GFS pre-processed
       -- one-degree global
       -- 3 hourly
 Eta pre-processed
       -- 12km (CONUS)
       -- 3 hourly
 NMM on-demand
       -- 4 km (hourly) |
| volcanic ash |  GFS pre-processed (6 h)
   -- 191 km N/S hemispheric
   -- comparable tropical |  |
| hls |  Eta pre-processed (3 h)
   --12 km (CONUS)
 NMM-4 km on-demand (1 h) |  |

## Current version - input menu summaries

- INFORMATION YOU HAVE ENTERED
-  1) ORG DESCRIPTION  :       SDM
-  2) DESCRIPTION      :
-       1 (TEST - NO ALERT)
-  3) REGION           :
-        8 (N HEMIS - SUBGRID      AVN)
-  4) MAP CENTER LAT   :      50.
-  5) MAP CENTER LON   :      -110.
-  6) MAP RADIUS (DEG) :      30
-  7) VOLCANO NAME     :
-                                      MT_ST_HELENS
-  8) VOLCANO LAT      :      46.20
-  9) VOLCANO LON      :      122.18
- 10) VOLCANO HEIGHT   :   8363
- 11) ERUPTION HOUR    :     12
- 12) ERUPTION DAY     :       19
- 13) ERUPTION MONTH   :    07
- 14) ERUPTION YEAR    :      2004
- 15) ERUPTION DURATION:   01
- 16) ASH COLUMN TOP   :      32,000
- ARE THE VALUES CORRECT (Y/N):

- VAFTAD

- PLEASE VERIFY/EDIT THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION
-  1)  SIMULATION TYPE            :
-      Test of the RSMC Response System
-  2)  METEOROLOGICAL FIELDS      :  AVN
-  3)  SITE IDENTIFICATION NAME   :
-      CALVERT_CLIFFS-1
-  4)  SITE LATITUDE (- is SOUTH) :  38.43
-  5)  SITE LONGITUDE (- is WEST) :  -76.44
-  6)  (RELEASE TIME) YEAR           :  2004
-  7)  (RELEASE TIME) MONTH       :  07
-  8)  (RELEASE TIME) DAY             :  19
-  9)  (RELEASE TIME) HOUR           :  18
- 10)  View/Edit Advanced Parameters
- ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES:

- radiological

- VERIFY/EDIT ADVANCED PARAMETER SETTINGS
-  1)  RUN DURATION               :  72
-  2)  RELEASE DURATION      :  6
-  3)  EMMISION RATE              :  0.1667
-  4)  BASE OF RELEASE           :  10
-  5)  TOP OF RELEASE              :  500
-  6)  POLLUTANT SPECIES       :  C137
-  7)  (SAMPLING START) YEAR     :  2004
-  8)  (SAMPLING START) MONTH  :  07
-  9)  (SAMPLING START) DAY        :  19
- ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES:

- PLEASE VERIFY/EDIT THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION
-  1)  ORG DESCRIPTION                        :  sdm
-  2)  RUN DESCRIPTION              :
-       Test run of the on-demand HYSPLIT Model
-  3)  METEOROLOGICAL FIELDS        :  ETA
-  4)  SOURCE IDENTIFICATION NAME   :  TEST
-  5)  SOURCE LATITUDE (- is SOUTH)     :  40.0
-  6)  SOURCE LONGITUDE (- is WEST)    :  -90.0
-  7)  (RELEASE TIME) YEAR                      :  2004
-  8)  (RELEASE TIME) MONTH                  :  07
-  9)  (RELEASE TIME) DAY                        :  19
- 10)  (RELEASE TIME) HOUR                    :  19
- 11)  RELEASE DURATION (HOURS)       :  1
- 12)  TOP OF RELEASE (METERS)            :  50
- 13)  System Priority                                       :  LOW
- 14)  View/Edit Advanced Parameters
- ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES:

- hls

- VERIFY/EDIT ADVANCED PARAMETER SETTINGS
-  1)  RUN DURATION (HOURS)            :  48
-  2)  EMISSION RATE (MASS/HOUR)   :  1.0000
-        do not change emission rate unless it is known
-  3)  BASE OF RELEASE (METERS) :     10
-  4)  (SAMPLING START) YEAR         :  2004
-  5)  (SAMPLING START) MONTH     :  07
-  6)  (SAMPLING START) DAY           :  19
-  7)  TOP OF CONCENTRATION OUTPUT
- LAYER (METERS) :  500
- ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES:

- METEOROLOGICAL FIELDS
- ----------------------------------------
- 1 ETA  (12 km)
- 2 High Resolution Window (4 km)
- ----------------------------------------
- ENTER MODEL DESCRIPTION NUMBER:

*Current version* - input menu summaries
-       (note variability)

## New version - “review menu” summaries

- radiological

- hls

*New version* - “review menu” summaries
- 	(note similarity)

- THIS IS THE REVIEW MENU... VERIFY/EDIT
- THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION
-  1)  RUN DESCRIPTION
- :  volcanic ash - test
-  2)  METEOROLOGICAL DATA     :  GFS
-  3)  VOLCANO NAME      :  ST._HELENS
-  4)  VOLCANO LATITUDE
-   (SOUTH IS NEGATIVE)  :  46.20
-  5)  VOLCANO LONGITUDE
- (WEST IS NEGATIVE)  :  -122.18
-      SUMMIT HEIGHT
- (enter 15 for advanced parameters)
-  6)  (RELEASE TIME) YEAR     :  2004
-  7)  (RELEASE TIME) MONTH  :  07
-  8)  (RELEASE TIME) DAY        :  19
-  9)  (RELEASE TIME) HOUR      :  12
- 10)  (RELEASE TIME) MINUTE :  00
- 11)  ERUPTION DURATION (hours) :  1.0
- ASH COLUMN TOP (feet)    :  32000
- 13)  ASH COLUMN TOP ESTIMATED label (0=no 1=yes) :  0
- 14)  N/A
- 15)  View/Edit Advanced Parameters
- ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y)
- TO ACCEPT VALUES:

- THIS IS THE REVIEW MENU... VERIFY/EDIT THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION
-  1)  RUN DESCRIPTION
-         :  Test of the RSMC Response System
-  2)  METEOROLOGICAL DATA                :  GFS
-  3)  SITE NAME               :  CALVERT_CLIFFS-1
-  4)  SITE LATITUDE
- (SOUTH IS NEGATIVE)  :  38.43
-  5)  SITE LONGITUDE
- (WEST IS NEGATIVE)  :  -76.44
- 6)  (RELEASE TIME) YEAR                :  2004
-  7)  (RELEASE TIME) MONTH            :  07
-  8)  (RELEASE TIME) DAY                 :  19
-  9)  (RELEASE TIME) HOUR               :  18
- 10)  (RELEASE TIME) MINUTE          :  00
- 11)  RELEASE DURATION (hours)     :  6.0
- 12)  TOP OF RELEASE (meters, minimum 10):  500
- 13)  RESULTS BASED ON DEFAULT INITIAL VALUES label (0=no 1=yes) :  1
- 14)  N/A
- 15)  View/Edit Advanced Parameters
- ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES:

- THIS IS THE REVIEW MENU... VERIFY/EDIT THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION
-  1)  RUN DESCRIPTION
-      :  Test run of the on-demand HYSPLIT Model
-  2)  METEOROLOGICAL DATA                :  ETA
-  3)  SITE NAME                          :  TEST
-  4)  SITE LATITUDE
- (SOUTH IS NEGATIVE)  :  40.
-  5)  SITE LONGITUDE
- (WEST IS NEGATIVE)  :  -90.
-  6)  (RELEASE TIME) YEAR                :  2004
-  7)  (RELEASE TIME) MONTH             :  07
-  8)  (RELEASE TIME) DAY                   :  19
-  9)  (RELEASE TIME) HOUR                 :  18
- 10)  (RELEASE TIME) MINUTE            :  00
- 11)  RELEASE DURATION (hours)       :  1.0
- 12)  TOP OF RELEASE (meters, minimum 10):  50
- 13)  N/A
- 14)  N/A
- 15)  View/Edit Advanced Parameters
- ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES:

## New Version – User Input via setup_hysplit script

-   run type (radiological, volcanic ash, hls)
-   event location, release/eruption height and duration
-   meteorology
-   labeling information (test, etc.)
-   then given chance to edit inputs and defaulted date/time of incident in the “Review Menu”
-   “Advanced Parameters Menu” is last option listed in the Review Menu
-   contains less typically changed values
-    output grid specs (center lat,lon, span, grid spacing, etc.)
-    source specs (emission rate, particle/gas, deposition constants, half-life, etc.)
-    model specs (puff/particle/combination, number of particles, etc.)
-   not all features are available in all run types, but could easily be added
-   SDMs and NWS/Alaska Aviation Weather Unit MIC have been trained in the setup script.

*New Version –**** ***User Input via setup_hysplit script

- THIS IS THE REVIEW MENU... VERIFY/EDIT THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION
-  1)  RUN DESCRIPTION  		        :  Test of the RSMC Response System
-  2)  METEOROLOGICAL DATA        	        :  ETA
-  3)  SITE NAME                                            :  CALVERT_CLIFFS-1
-  4)  SITE LATITUDE (SOUTH IS NEGATIVE)  :  38.43
-  5)  SITE LONGITUDE (WEST IS NEGATIVE) :  -76.44
-  6)  (RELEASE TIME) YEAR                       :  2004
-  7)  (RELEASE TIME) MONTH                   :  07
-  8)  (RELEASE TIME) DAY                         :  19
-  9)  (RELEASE TIME) HOUR                       :  18
- 10)  (RELEASE TIME) MINUTE                  :  00
- 11)  RELEASE DURATION (hours)             :  6.0
- 12)  TOP OF RELEASE (meters, minimum 10):  500
- 13)  RESULTS BASED ON DEFAULT INITIAL VALUES label (0=no 1=yes) :  1
- 14)  N/A
- 15)  View/Edit Advanced Parameters
- ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES:

*New version* - “Review Menu” radiological example

## New version - “Advanced Parameters Menu” radiological example

*New version* - “Advanced Parameters Menu” radiological example

- THIS IS THE ADVANCED PARAMETERS MENU... VERIFY/EDIT THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION.
-  1) RUN DURATION (hours)     :  72
-  2) EMISSION RATE (per hour) :  0.1667
-  3) BASE OF RELEASE (meters) :  10
-  4) CONCENTRATION GRID #1
-  5) N/A
-  6) POLLUTANT                :  C137
-  7) SETUP.CFG parameters
-  8) N/A
-  9) N/A
-  10) N/A
-  11) 2nd METEOROLOGY (use after ETA):  undefined
-  12) N/A
-  13) RUN SEQUENCE NUMBER     :  01
-  14) Override label CALVERT_CLIFFS-1 to TEST (0=no 1=yes)  :  0
- ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES:

## New version - Advanced Parameters submenus radiological

-  1)    (SAMPLING START) YEAR       :  2004
-  2)    (SAMPLING START) MONTH   :  07
-  3)    (SAMPLING START) DAY         :  19
-  4)    TOP OF CONCENTRATION OUTPUT LAYER (m)       : 500
-  5)    CENTER OF CONCENTRATION GRID LATITUDE       : 38.43
-  6)    CENTER OF CONCENTRATION GRID LONGITUDE   : -76.44
-  7)    CONC GRID SPACING (decimal degrees) DLAT  : 0.3
-  8)    CONC GRID SPACING (decimal degrees) DLON : 0.3
-  9)    CONC GRID SPAN (degrees) SPLAT    :  90.
-  10)   CONC GRID SPAN (degrees) SPLON  :  180.
-  11)   OUTPUT AVERAGING TIME (hours)    :  24
-  12)   N/A
- ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES:

*New version* - Advanced Parameters submenus radiological

## New version - Advanced Parameters submenus radiological (cont)

-  1)   POLLUTANT ID                      :  C137
-  2)   SET ALL DEFAULT DEPOSITION VALUES
-  3)   DRY DEPOSITION VELOCITY (m/s)   :  .001
-  4)   WET DEPOSITION IN-CLOUD (L/L)   :  3.2E+5
-  5)   WET DEPOSITION BELOW-CLOUD (/s) :  5.0E-5
-  6)   RADIOACTIVE HALF-LIFE (days)    :  10960.
- ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES:

*New version* - Advanced Parameters submenus radiological (cont)

## New version - Advanced Parameters submenus radiological (cont)

-  1) INITD  (initial distribution)     :  4
-  2) KHMAX  (maximum part duration, h) :  9999
-  3) NUMPAR (number of part to release):  500
-  4) ISOT   (turbulence)               :  0
-  5) NDUMP  (write PARDUMP)            :  0
-  6) KMSL   (starting height reference):  0
-  7) reset defaults
- ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES:

*New version* - Advanced Parameters submenus radiological (cont)

## New Version – Output post-processing

-   dependent on requirement/customer
-   postscript, GIF, G3, GIS shapefile, GRIB for NAWIPS

## Radiological Application

***Current Version***
- HYSPLIT 4.2,  Nov 1999
- 100-km GFS on demand
- Limited input in setup script

***New Version***
- HYSPLIT 4.7,  Dec 2003
- 1-deg GFS pre-processed
- and/or ETA-12, NMM-4
- More options in “advanced” menu
- Improved model physics ...
- Gaussian random numbers
- Non-homogeneous turbulence correction (stays well mixed)
- Option to use of ETA TKE fields
- Turbulent velocities for 3D dispersion
- Latitude-longitude input data grids
- Dynamic array allocation
- Multi-processor simulations

## Radiological Example(shows sensitivity of dispersion to deformation field)

- Current Version (AVN)

- New Version (ETA)

## Volcanic Ash Application

***Current Version***
- VAFTAD code last revised 1999
- 190-km GFS hemispheric grids
- Fixed 1-h integration time step
- Fixed particle size and mass distributions
- Choice of fixed eruption durations from 1 to 24 hours
- Pre-configured map domains
- Internal pressure coordinate system
- Model rerun for ash reductions

***New Version***
- HYSPLIT 4.7,  Dec 2003
- 1-deg global GFS pre-processed
- and/or ETA-12
- Variable integration time step (usually ~12 min)
- Particle initialization set in model control file
- Eruption durations from smallest model time step to run duration permitted
- Automatic map optimization and scaling
- Internal terrain following coordinate system
- Ash reduction done automatically

## Volcanic Ash Example – Soufrierre Hills, Montserrat 						      Dec 1997

- Current Version (VAFTAD)

- New Version (HYSPLIT)

-  composite layer shown
-  archived meteorology

*Valid 12 UTC Dec 26*

*Valid 18 UTC Dec 26*

## Volcanic Ash Example (cont.)

- New Version (HYSPLIT,                archived meteorology)

*Valid 15 UTC Dec. 26*

- VAAC analysis

## Homeland Security Applications

***Current Version***
- HYSPLIT version 4.x
- Fine scale output every 3h (+3h to +12h)
- Coarse output every 6h (+18h to +48h)

***New Version***
- HYSPLIT 4.7,  Dec 2003
- Fine scale output every 1h (+1h to +4h)
- Coarse output every 3h (+7h to +22h)

## Homeland Security Example

- Current Version

- New Version

## Future Upgrades Currently Being Tested

- Extend existing CONUS Eta to +84 hours
- Additional meteorological data grids
- Eta over Alaska/North Pacific
- CONUS Eta grid with hourly fields
- Higher resolution GFS (0.5 deg)
- Convert from pressure NMM to native sigma coordinates
- Output grids
- Hourly volcanic ash output for NAWIPS
- Host RSMC web page at NCEP
- Model Physics
- Automatic particle-puff transformations
- Short-range dispersion algorithms
- Partitioning TKE between horizontal and vertical
- Ensemble dispersion forecasts based on NCEP short-range and global ensembles

## Potential New Applications

- Forest fire smoke transport and dispersion
- Simple ozone chemistry (3-equation steady state or 7-equation differential solution)
- PM10 air concentrations from dust storms
- 2-D transport on water surfaces
- Internal offset trajectory based ensemble
- Satellite “assimilation”