# Presentation: 466527

## Geographic Products

**Notes:**
Census 2000 holds a lot of promise for data users, many of whom need Census data for their Geographic Information Systems.  There will be significant changes with this Census in how we deliver products and in the nature of those products.  A major change in how we deliver the products is the new application on the Bureau’s Web site called the American FactFinder (AFF).  Currently in the test phases it will expand to be the major delivery mechanism for the Census 2000 data.  Many of the geographic products will also be delivered via the AFF.  We’ve described the plans for this system in previous GIS-T conferences.  Our focus today is on the geographic products and concepts.  
Geography is indeed the integrating factor for all of the Census products. It’s the framework on which the data rests.  So while the statistics are the primary product of a census — geography puts boundaries around them.

## Census 2000 Data ProductsMajor Changes

**Wider Product Availability than 1990**

**Internet Access-*****American Fact Finder***

** ****Data and geographic products**

**Notes:**
Consider what the arrival of the Internet and the Bureau’s development of the American Fact Finder will mean for the user of Census data and geographic products.

After the 1990 Census the first time that you were interested in tract data for a certain area you would have had to order the appropriate STF CD-ROM or printed report.  To really use the data you needed a tract map which you also ordered from us.  The time that passed between your decision to look at this data and when you actually had the data and maps in your hands was likely to be several weeks unless you had a library close by.

Now, gathering and analyzing your data is as simple as logging onto your computer.  You can log on to the Census web site and the American Fact Finder.  There you will will be able to get the tract data for your area of interest AND you will be able to look at a map showing the tract boundaries that coincide with the data.  

## Geographic Products: Tools to Support User Needs

**2000Redistricting**** TIGER/Line**

** ****Maps to Use with Statistical   ****	****Reports**

** ****Digital Products for Special ****	****Needs**

**Notes:**
There are three types of Geographic products available that can be downloaded or viewed from the Census Bureaus web site.  

1. PDF maps which are county based and can be viewed using adobe acrobat.  
    Voting District, State Legislative District maps
     2000 Census tract maps
     2000 block maps

2. TIGER/Line files, the new 2000 Redistricting TIGER/Line file is available for 
 download off of the Census Bureaus web site, and the 2001 TIGER/line file will be available this year.  I’ll talk a little bit about the differences between the 1999,2000, and 2001 TIGER enhancements

3.  Various digital products such as 
1.thematic maps, showing population growth, disbursement, etc
2. Cartographic Boundary file archive- download cartographic files in 

## Geographic Products:Maps

**Purpose**
**Accompany Statistical Data**
**Locate Census Geography**
**Display Statistical results**

*  ***Characteristics**
** ****Wide Use of Color**
** ****Available in Electronic formats**
** ****Available as paper copies**

**Notes:**
Many data users consider maps to be the backbone of data analysis. Without a map of the area, they cannot relate the data to the reality on the ground.

From the 1990 census, we were not able to provide our census block maps to a wide audience because there were over 69,000 map sheets with each sheet measuring approximately 3 by 4 feet. Consequently these maps were available only as “plot-on-demand” paper products. Even at this scale, these maps were difficult to use in areas having complex geographic boundaries because our plotters could only plot  in black-and-white.

For Census 2000 maps will be made available in color in two types of products: 

- Electronic Map Files that can be used by customers to produce hard copies on their own equipment.

- Plotted Maps on demand from the Census Bureau.

## Geographic Products:Map Image Files

**Media: DVD (Digital Versatile ****	****	****Disc) CD-ROM**

** ****Formats: Adobe PDF and ****	****         ****	****HP-GL/2**

**Notes:**
Having the map images in electronic format allows for their distribution in a variety of new ways	
        Internet (the Census Bureau’s primary means of product for 2000)	
        CD-ROM or DVD

      For page size maps, we will distribute the images as Postscript and Adobe PDF files 
     The PDF images are viewed using the free Adobe Reader software available for most computer platforms. Even for large images one can pan and zoom to  view the image as well as print the map from the PDF.   For large format maps, we plan  HPGL  format which will allow full scale output to HPGL plotters and printers.  Those with large format plotters that are PostScript enabled can plot the maps directly from the PDF version.  The plotter hardware requirements are posted on the Census TIGER web page under the Dress Rehearsal information link.

## Geographic Products:Maps

**Hard-copy (paper):**
**Print on demand paper**
**Made from PDF or HP-GL\2**
- See Census TIGER Web site Dress Rehearsal Products page for HP-GL plotter specifications
**By Census Bureau**
**By Census partners **
**By commercial sources**
**Selected Printed Reports**

**Notes:**
Because the maps now will be available in commonly used electronic formats, we expect other locations to be able to produce paper versions of our maps for users who lack the equipment to print their maps

 You will be able to order hard copy maps from a variety of sources:
 The Census Bureau
We expect our partners especially the State Data Centers to be a source (State Data Centers are organizations in each State that agree to be repositories of Census products)

## Geographic Products:Maps  

**PDF**** File Capabilities**

** ****Thumbnail views of Maps**

** ****Zoom and Pan**

** ****Searchable Text (Census Tract,**
**Place Name & Block Number.)**

** ****Print Selected Areas on Map**

**Notes:**
What are the advantages of using maps in PDF Format?
The Census block and tract map collection will have literally thousands of census block maps contained in PDF files organized by county. Adobe’s ability to present thumbnail views of maps will help people access the appropriate map sheet quickly.

Using the Adobe ZOOM and PAN features, users will have greater ability to review maps without having to handle a large number of large format map sheets.

Using the Acrobat search tools, users can rapidly go to the appropriate map based upon matches with either place name and  census tract or block number (but not street names - curved and interrupted  text placement often needed to follow road features doesn’t allow it).

Acrobat makes it easier for users to print the maps or copy the image into another file.

## Geographic Products:Maps For Redistricting:

**Voting district outline maps**
**With State Legislative Districts**

**County-based in Color **
**Shows block numbers**
**Shows VTDs (voting districts)**

**  ****Census tract outline maps**

**Notes:**
The Constitutional basis for taking the Census each 10 years is to apportion the representatives to Congress between and within the States.  This activity is commonly know as redistricting.  Census products, population data, maps, and TIGER/Line files are critically important tools for those involved in this process.
For the Redistricting Community:
We will produce map types comparable to what we provided to the states after the 1990 census. State redistricting officials have told us that the following map types will meet their requirements.
County‐based maps that show all of the census 2000 block identifiers and bounding features, as well as all other governmental and statistical area boundaries  including the American Indian areas, state, county, minor civil division, CCD, census tracts, and voting districts (VTDs).
Where the states provide us with the boundaries for their voting districts, we will produce voting district outline maps ‐‐ again county based.
At the request of the states, we also will include the current state legislative districts on this map series 
We also will produce census tract outline maps ‐‐ comparable to the product that we produced for 1990‐but with improved design using color to differentiate the various map features.

## Geographic Products:Maps

**Other**** Large Format Reference Maps**

**Block Level Maps**
**packaged by governmental entities, i.e counties, American Indian Reservations, incorporated places, minor civil divisions**

** ****Census Tract Outline Map**
**Same as version for redistricting**** **

**Notes:**
Block Maps
We plan to release another package of large format reference maps based on governmental units intended for users of the 100% and sample data.
- These include county based block maps, the same as those in the redistricting package, but without voting districts. 

-Block maps will also be available by other governmental units such as American Indian Indian Reservations, incorporated places and minor civil divisions.  

Tract Maps
The tract maps prepared for the redistricting program will also be available, without any changes.

**Notes:**
Here you will find links to the different types of map products available.
County block maps - block maps show the greatest detail and most complete set of geographic information. These large scale maps depict the smallest geographic entities for which the Census Bureau presents data - the census block - by displaying the features that form block boundaries and the numbers that identify them. The intent of this map series is to produce a map for each county, on the smallest possible number of map sheets, at the maximum practical scale. The maps show the boundaries, names and codes for Native areas/Hawaiian home lands, county sub-divisions, places, voting districts, census tracts, block groups, and census blocks. 
Census Tract Outline Maps
For each county or statistically equivalent entity, these county-based maps show the boundaries and numbers of the census
     tracts, and name the features underlying the boundaries. They also show the boundaries, names, and codes for American Indian areas/Alaska Native areas/Hawaiian home lands, counties, county sub-divisions and places. 

VTD maps
For each county or statistically equivalent entity, these county-based maps show the boundaries and codes for Voting Districts and/or State Legislative Districts as delineated by the participating states. Maps also show the boundaries and names of American Indian areas/Alaska Native areas/Hawaiian home lands, counties,county sub-divisions, and places. The maps will be available only for those states and counties that participated in the

## Slide 13

**Notes:**
Scroll down until you see the link to the P.L VTD/SLD state folders
and click on it to view the state folders

## Slide 14

**Notes:**
Scroll down until you see Hawaii and click on on this button to open up the county folders

**Notes:**
Choose your county and click to access the voting district maps which cover the county of Honolulu

## Index of VTD map sheets

## Example of a VTD Index Map

**Notes:**
You need to open up the index map to locate which corresponding map sheet you would need to perform your task.  As you can see, the county of Honolulu is broken into 9 map sheets.  The CDP’s and city boundaries appear on the index sheet to assist in locating your sheet of interest.

We are going to look at the voting district which encompasses the University of Hawaii.  

( To find which VTD Uof H resides in,  go into the address search > advanced                                               geography section, gives you place, tract,block group block, vtd, congressional district)
(To find data tables, click on DATA SETS, PL94-171 DATA- DETAILED TABLES and select voting district tables, can also select place, tract, block, block group, HHL)

Now lets go look at the map sheet that our VTD resides in.  Hit the browsers back button

## Adobe Acrobat zoom function

## Using the find tool

**Notes:**
You can use the find tool on the index sheet to find a city, HHL or Census Designated Place.  

On the actual maps, such as the VTD map,  you can find any object type listed on the map, such as VTD name ETCCCCCC

Now, click on your browsers back button to the VTD map sheets 

## Selecting a map sheet to view

**Notes:**
The University of Hawaii is going to be on Map sheet 8.  Open

## VTD map

**Notes:**
Here is our VTD map of the area we want to look at.

## Browsing VTD names

## Locating/Printing the VTD

**Notes:**
When deciding to print, you will print only what shows on your screen.  This allows you to break up the image into multiple pieces at the scale you desire.

## Sample County Block Map

## Sample County Block Map

**Notes:**
Within VTD 2302, there are 2 Census Tracts, 27.01 and 29.

## Using the AFF address search

## Using address search

## TIGER Data Base

**T**opologically
**I**ntegrated
**G**eographic
**E**ncoding and
**R**eferencing

**Notes:**
All of the geographic products you have seen today come from our TIGER data base originally developed for the 1990 census.

  We have continued to correct and update the streets and the geographic boundaries in TIGER since 1990 in support of all Census Bureau programs and was used in the Decennial Census.

## Role of TIGER 

- Assignment of location codes to addresses for data collection
- Geographic structure for tabulation and publication
- Cartographic products to support field operations, participant programs, collection and publication

**Notes:**
TIGER assigns location codes (place, tract,block) to addresses for data collection activities.

TIGER is also the geographic structure used for the tabulation and publication of data

Extracts of TIGER data can be used to create map products to support field activites, provide maps for participant programsand maps for public use. 

## TIGER Contains:

- streets
- water features
- railroads
- political boundaries
- statistical boundaries
- addresses
- zip codes
- landmarks

**Notes:**
TIGER contains the following data layers and attribute information, such as place and street names 

## Geographic Products TIGER/Line Files

**TIGER/Line is an abstract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the TIGER data base**
**ASCII text format, not in the form of map images**

**  ****County based**

**    ****Need  to have GIS or other mapping software**
**    ****User has to translate or convert the files into a        format used by their specific software**

**Notes:**
TIGER/line files are abstracts  of Selected Geographic information from the TIGER database and are available  to the public.

The Census Bureau is provides  the TIGER/Line files in ASCII text format only and the data does not include display or mapping capability.

To create maps with the TIGER/Line files, one would typically use a Geographic Information System (GIS) package or other mapping software. 

Users are responsible for converting or translating the files into a format used by their specific software package.   The TIGER download page has list of vendors who provide software and or support to converted files.

## Geographic Products TIGER/Line Files

** ****Redistricting Census 2000 TIGER/Line File -**** ****Available Now *****ONLINE***
**First View of 2000 Block Boundaries**
** ****Record Layout**

**   ****Census 2000 TIGER/Line File -**** 3rd quarter 2001**
** ****ZCTAs**
**Address range enhancements**
**Feature updates**

**Notes:**
The Census 2000 TIGER/Line files are the first product that provides the census 2000 block numbers.  This is essential information for GIS applications that expect to use Census 2000 data for small area analysis functions.

Contaians feature and address range updates from Census canvassing operations.  Street and address range updates from LUCA, udpate operations performed locally at the LARCC, using source files and USPS address information.

These are availible online and can be downloaded

The Census 2000 Tiger/line files will be availible in the 3rd quarter of 2001 and will contain
additional address range enhancements and feature updates from the Decennial Census and will also contain ZCTA’s , which are representations of the Postal Service Zip codes.

TIIGER/line files can also be purchased through the Census Website (click on TIGER link)

## Accessing TIGER/Line Files

## TIGER Home Page

**Notes:**

Scroll down to find FAQ sheet on TIGER

## TIGER Download Page

**Notes:**
Here at the TIGER download page is where you can find the following information, 

State and county FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard ) codes you need to know the numeric codes for the state and county you wish to download.

The metadata and technical documenatation for the TIGER/line files is also linked from this page.

Also, I mentioned a TIGER vendor link for private companys that support the TIGER/line files.

## TIGER Download Page Cont...

**Notes:**
At this point, select the state you are interested in

## TIGER Download Page Cont...

**Notes:**
Click on the county which you want to download.  This will prompt you to save the file onto your computer.  

Once the file is downloaded onto your computer, you will need to unzip 
the file using  the compression utility, PKZIP by PK Ware (www.pkware.com).

Once extracted, you will have 17 files each file containing 1 or more layers of data.

From here, you will need software that will convert the ASCII based file into 
graphic format (Topology)  (GISTOOLS, TGR2SHP, www.gistools.com)
Once Topology is created, you will need a GIS to view the converted files.  For a list of GIS vendors, 

## Geographic Products:Boundary Files

**Generalized from TIGER data**

** ****1990 Boundary Files available NOW from Cartographic Boundary Files** **link on TIGER Internet page**

*  ***For use by customer’s mapping software            ****	****for most levels of reporting geography**

**Notes:**
With the explosive growth in desktop mapping applications and the more powerful desktop GIS applications, we are making geographic boundary files for use in these applications in popular formats such as ESRI shape files and Arc Info extract files.  

These files are generalized representations from the TIGER files

Currently, all  1990 Census boundaries are available on our internet site

Also included on this site are the following 2000 boundary files:
Region, division,state, county, Census Tract, Block Group, HHL/AIANA, Place, voting districts, state legislative districts

## Cartographic Boundary Files

**Notes:**
From the TIGER page of www.census.gov, you can also access the cartographic boundary file set.

## Downloading Cartographic Boundary Files

## Cartographic Boundary Files Cont...

**Notes:**
After selecting the vintage of the boundaries, click on GO

## Downloading Cartographic Boundary Files

**Notes:**
At this point, you will see tract boundary files to the right of the screen.  First you will need to decide which specific Format you will need, there are 3 formats
available.  

## Cartographic boundary file in a GIS

**Notes:**
After saving the boundary file, it now can be opened in a GIS system.  Here I am using ARCVIEW software.

In a GIS system, you can now tag items, create titles, etc

## Geographic Products:Small Format Maps  

**State/County Subdivision Map**
**State/County Outline Map**
**State/County Metropolitan Area Outline Map**
**Urbanized Area Outline Map**
**Congressional District Atlas**
**Congressional District Wall Map**
**ZCTA Outline Maps**

## Geographic Products:Maps

**Statistical**** or Thematic Maps**

**Display geographic distribution of selected data**

**Traditional and new topics**
**“****Night Time” Map, Population density, etc.**
**PDF as well as some published paper copies**

## Example of State/County Metropolitan Area Map

**Notes:**
Here is an example of a  small format map -- the State/County Metropolitan Area Outline map.

This page shows the 1999 Metropolitan Area map showing Minnesota

## Boundary File Example

** ****106th Congressional Districts**

**Notes:**
Here is an example of a plot of just the boundaries of Congressional districts.

**Notes:**
One of our most popular thematic maps  in the past shows the population density of the U.S. by county.

We would appreciate your suggestions on the content of these maps which ones you believe would have wide appeal, in addition to our traditional race and ethnic thematic maps.  

Users will have access to these maps through the Internet as a predefined geographic product.  Some of these maps also may be available on CD‐ROM or printed by the Government Printing Office as part of other products.

In addition to the traditional maps that we prepare the Bureau’s Internet site will provide the user with the ability to produce custom thematic maps and data sets

## Geographic Products:

**Relationships (1:1, 1:n, n:1)**
**Summary listing of changes between 1990 and 2000 by tract/block**
**Not Equivalency Files (use TIGER/Line)**

**Census Tracts:  1990 - 2000**
**Similar to 1990 product**

**Relationship Files ****Available Fall 2001**

**Notes:**
In addition to the TIGER/Line files, we are planning to produce several other electronic products.  The first is two sets of relationship (formerly called comparability) files.  These files help users who are comparing 1990 and 2000 Census data for small areas (Census tracts and blocks) since these boundaries can change from one census to the next.
For each 1990 census tract or block, a relationship file provides a summary listing of which tracts or blocks cover all or some of the same area in 2000.  

The very detailed equivalency information showing which block or tract a given piece of land  belonged to in 1990 and 2000 can be derived from the information in the TIGER/Line files.

##  Geographic Products:

**Census Blocks 1990 - 2000:**
**1990 Tabulation to 2000 Collection**
**1990 Tabulation to 2000 Tabulation**
**2000 Collection to 2000 Tabulation**

**Relationship Files**

**Notes:**
This slide shows the types of relationship files that will be available for Census blocks.

The 2000 collection blocks are the blocks used in the Census collection phase by our Field staff. The 2000 tabulation blocks are the blocks used in the final tabulations.

## QuestionsAbout Geographic Products?

**Census Geo HQ:****  **
**geography@geo.census.gov**
**URL:****  www.census.gov**
**LARCC :**
**http://www.census.gov/rolax/www/**
**linda.kane.akers@census.gov**

**Notes:**
This concludes the presentation.

Please feel free to share any comments regarding our product proposals  by sending us an e-mail.

We invite you to tour the Geography Division TIGER page which provides more details and samples of the products discussed today.  This page can be accessed from a link from the Census Home page shown at the URL on the screen.