# Presentation: 402682

## Academia’s Position on Noise Reduction

**Academia’s Position on Noise Reduction**

- Krish K. Ahuja
- Regents Researcher and Professor of Aerospace Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- GTRI/AERO
- Atlanta, Georgia
- Krishan.ahuja@gtri.gatech.edu

- 4th  NASAECOA Workshop
- Colorado Springs
- 12-13 August 1999

## About this talk

**About this talk**

- This Talk is one man’s perspective based upon discussion with other University researchers active in  Aircraft Noise Research
- Data presented here obtained from
- NASA
- FAA
- Industry
- University Colleagues

## My Assignment

**My Assignment**

- Provide an Academia perspective of:
- Activities relevant to reducing noise
- NASA Needs
- Planned Future Activities

## NASA Funded Activities Relevant to Noise Reduction

**NASA Funded Activities Relevant to Noise Reduction**

- All Noise Research Activity has the ultimate goal of Reducing Noise
- NASA has funded at least 50 Umiversity Projects during the last 5 years
- Various Noise Reduction Topics Researched by Universities
- • Active Noise Control	• Airframe/JetNoise
- • Acoustic Liners		• Fan Noise
- • Airframe Noise		• Interior Noise
- • Jet Noise			• CAA
- • Community impact		• Instrumentation

## Number  of Projects Funded by NASA during last five years in Aircraft Noise

**Number  of Projects Funded by NASA during last five years in Aircraft Noise**

## Industry-Funded Activities Relevant to Noise Reduction

**Industry-Funded Activities Relevant to Noise Reduction**

- Industry Support has been dismal!!
- According to the survey, at least one major Aerospace Corporation has not funded a university with its IRAD funds for last 12 years
- Noise Reduction Topics Researched by Universities with limited Industry funds
- • Active Noise Control	 		• Community impact
- • Acoustic Liners
- • Turbomachinery/Fan Noise		• CAA

## Projects Awarded to Universities During Last Five Years (Aircraft Noise)

**Projects Awarded to Universities During Last Five Years ****(Aircraft Noise)**

## FAA-Funded Activities Relevant to Noise Reduction

**FAA-Funded Activities Relevant to Noise Reduction**

- FAA Support for Academia also dismal!!
- “* **The FAA has apparanely not recently provided such funding. Our R & D budget is very small, and we rely on NASA to maintain U. S. leadership in aeronautical sciences. The available FAA funds are primarily used to improve the certification process and to develop models for simulating fleet-wide performance. This  type of work is generally not academic type.*” - Howard Wasoky, FAA
- Some funds received by Georgia Tech from FAA in the area of Helicopter Noise under Helistar Program carried out during the Olympics, 1996

## NASA NEEDS (What opportunities exist that current programs may not be addressing or addressing adequately? )

**NASA NEEDS (*****What opportunities exist that current programs may not be addressing or addressing adequately?****** *****)**

- Liner technology is still an empirical art
- Need to add more science
- CAA can do to Aeroacoustics what CFD did to Aerodynamics
- Universities have picked up momentum in this topic; NASA needs to continue supporting this
- “Community impact” area is least funded and is most important and has least university participation
- Need increased university funding in this area and incentives for students to be trained

## New Concepts of Noise Reduction will Need Help of Academia

**New Concepts of Noise Reduction will Need Help of Academia**

- Academia  well-suited for long term research
- Unconventional airframes
- Unconventional engines
- Distributed exhaust
- Ultra-high bypass propulsion
- Ultra-high temperature core
- Source noise reduction
- Adaptable designs

## Suggestion: Solicit Proposals from Academia on Way-out Concepts of Noise Reduction

**Suggestion: Solicit Proposals from Academia on Way-out Concepts of Noise Reduction**

-  Modeled after recently formed NIAC (NASA Institute of Advanced Concepts)
- Criteria to be used:
- Ultra-high payoff/high risk
- Must be a visionary concept
- Will require sustained funding in two/three phases to succeed
- Industry will reject the idea on first sight
- Electrical engines, beamed powered engines, plasma jets, disposable ejectors, disposable acoustic liners will fall in this category

## Community Organizations against Aircraft Noise

**Community Organizations against Aircraft Noise**

- Citizens Fed-Up with Aviation Noise/CFAN
- Alliance for a New Moffet Field (Sunnyvale, California, U.S.A.)
- Anti-Military Noise Headquarters (Tacoma, Wash.)
- Citizens for Abatement of Aircraft Noise Washington National Airport and Dulles International Airport (Washington D.C. & State of Maryland, U.S.A.)
- Citizens Against Airport Pollution (CAAP) (San Jose, California, U.S.A.)
- Citizens Concerned About Jet Noise (CCAJN) (Virginia Beach, Virginia, U.S.A.)
- No More Noise: A Coalition Opposing Expansion of Air Cargo Traffic at Oakland International Airport (Oakland, California, U.S.A.)
- Olmsted Falls Airport Committee (OFAC) (Olmstead Falls, Ohio)
- Sane Aviation for Everyone (S.A.F.E.) JFK, LaGuardia, & Newark Airports in New York City, N.Y. and Newark New Jersey, U.S.A.)

## Academia and Concerned National Organizations

**Academia and Concerned National Organizations**

-  Academia not Plugged into Concerned National Organizations
- National Organization to Insure a Sound-Controlled Environment (N.O.I.S.E.) also not known to  Aircraft Noise Experts in Academia

## Academia and Concerned National Organizations

**Academia and Concerned National Organizations**

- Academia not Plugged into Concerned National Organizations
- National Organization to Insure a Sound-Controlled Environment (N.O.I.S.E.) also not known to  Many Aircraft Noise Experts in Academia

## Role Played by Academia in Advancing the State of the Art of Aircraft Noise Sciences

**Role Played by Academia in Advancing the State of the Art of Aircraft Noise Sciences**

- Academia:
- Lighthill, Ffowcs Williams, Crighton, Lilley, Tam
- 	Doak, Ahuja, George, Morris, Michalke
- Government
- Hubbard, Farassat, Seiner, Powell
- Industry
- Hansen, (Sofrin?)

- Winners of AIAA Aeroacoustics Awards for Archival Contribution
- to the Understanding of Aicraft Noise

## NASA and Industry need to get Academia more involved in Decision Making Process 

**NASA and Industry need to get Academia more involved in Decision Making Process **

- Academia

- Peer Reviews

- Red Teams

- Sounding Boards

- Revolutionary Concepts

- Experimental Validation

- Theoretical/Computational
- Development

## Aircraft Noise  Effects on Captive Desert Mule Deer(http://sound.media.mit.edu/~dpwe/AUDITORY/asamtgs/asa93ott/4pAB/4pAB3.html)

**Aircraft Noise  Effects on Captive Desert Mule Deer**_**(http://sound.media.mit.edu/~dpwe/AUDITORY/asamtgs/asa93ott/4pAB/4pAB3.html)**_

-  ASA 125th Meeting Ottawa 1993 May
- 4pAB3. **Effects of simulated aircraft noise on heart rate and behavior of desert ungulates.**** **
- Paul R. Krausman , School of Renewable Natural Resources, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Mark C. Wallace , Mara E. Weisenberger , Donald W. DeYoung , O. E. Maughan
- Univ. Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- The effects of simulated low-altitude jet aircraft noise on the behavior and physiology of 6 captive desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) and 5 mountain sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) were evaluated. Heart rate and behavior in relation to ambient temperature, number of simulated overflights/day, and noise levels [range =92--112 decibels (dB)] that the animals were exposed to were measured. Heart rates during simulated overflights (n=112/treatments/season) were compared to data collected prior to and following treatment periods. Differences between heart rates for animals, noise levels, and number of overflights between seasons were documented. All animals became habituated to sounds of low-altitude aircraft. Although heart rates increased during overflights they returned to resting rates in (less than or equal to)2 min.

## Summary

**Summary**

- Both Industry and Government needs to make a better use of the acdemia talents
- Most Well-known aeroacousticians may retire soon
- Need to educate younger generation before it is too late
- Need to invest
- Near term
- Long term
- Very long term