# Presentation: 681158

## NACO WORKSHOP -- Day 4

**CHAPTER 23**
** ****GEOGRAPHIC NAMES**

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMES

- In dealing with geographic names, conflict is absolute not file specific
- This means that:
- Reference sources*** must*** be checked to determine if there exists another jurisdiction with
- same name in the same country or state, province, or territory.

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMESGeographic are names used

-  1) as qualifiers to corporate names to distinguish identical or similar bodies,
-  2) as entry element for references in certain cases, and
-  3) as the names of governments (*see* 24.3E)

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMES

- LCRI 23.1
- Establish military installations as local place names
- As of August 1996—
- Establish airports as local geographic entities according to the general provisions of Chapter 24

##  GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 23.2.  GENERAL RULES

**23.2A.  English form**.
-  *Finite* list in LCRI 23.2 of English language forms used for jurisdictions primarily below the national level.
-  Otherwise, prefer the form in the vernacular.

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMES

- Be aware of the special meaning of "town" in certain U.S. states
- Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin.

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMES

- LCRI 23.2 *Sources of Information  *
- 1)  *U.S. place names*
*The p*referred source of information for U.S. place names (U.S. possessions and territories) is GNIS

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMES

- GNIS -- domestic names dept. of United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
- GNIS is available on the WWW  at
- http://www-nmd.usgs.gov/www/gnis/

##  GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 

- If the WWW not available, the *Rand McNally Commercial Atlas and Marketing Guide* may be used
- Note that the atlas list counties only by the significant portion of the name "County” or "Parish" in Louisiana is added in all cases

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMES

**Example:**
*atlas:  ***MONTGOMERY**; G-11; ©579,053..........—681,600
*heading*:  151  **Montgomery County (Md.)**

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMES LCRI 23.2 

- 2)  For place names outside the U.S. and its possessions/territories the preferred source of information is GEOnet Names Server (GNS)
- Available on the WWW
- http://164.214.2.53/gns/html/

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMES

- If access to the WWW is not available, a recently published gazetteer may be used, including the published BGN gazetteers
**Exceptions**
-  1)  *Canadian place names*
- Use the name as established by the National Library of Canada (NLC)
- DCM Z1 “yellow pages” Appendix.

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMES Exceptions

- 2)  *British place names*.
- Base names in Great Britain, on a recent edition of *Bartholomew’s Gazetteer of Places in Great Britain*

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMES

- Note that for English-language place names, "Saint" and "Mount" as spelled out in geographic names regardless of usage.
- This is done to create a consistent treatment with practices in the subject authority file.
**Except for British and Canadian geographic names**

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMES

- 151  $a **Saint Thomas (Minn.)**
- (*GNIS*:  Saint Thomas; *Rand-McNally*:  St. Thomas)
**but **151  $a **St. Thomas (England)**
-        151  $a **St. Thomas (Ont.)**

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 23.3.  CHANGES OF NAME

- Link the immediately **earlier** name (w, position 1=a)
- and the immediately **later** name (w, position 1=b) with
- 551 ***see also*** references.

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 23.3.  CHANGES OF NAME

**Note that:**
- The record for the earlier name may require a SUBJECT USAGE note.
- Notify your NACO liaison when establishing the later name of an existing geographic name.

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 23.4.  ADDITIONS

- Always add the name of the country or state, province,
- or constituent part to geographic names below country or state, province, or constituent part level.
- Paris (France)
- Paris (Tex.)

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 23.4F.  Further additions

- Note the difference in order between adding more than one geographic name as a qualifier and
- Adding a geographic name and a type of jurisdiction (24.6) as a qualifier
- 151  $a **Chelsea (London, England)**
- 151  $a **Chelsea (Me. : Town)**

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 23.4F2. City sections

- As of August 1996  all city sections, including city districts and neighborhoods, are established in the name authority file.
- References are made through the city constructed as a jurisdiction

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 23.4F2. City sections

- 151    $a Rive gauche (Paris, France)
- 410 1 $a Paris (France). $b Rive gauche
- 151    $a Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)
- 410 1  $a Washington (D.C.). $b Georgetown

## GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 23.4F2. City sections

- Some city sections exist in the subject authority file.
- Notify your NACO liaison when establishing a city section in the name authority file that also exists in the subject authority file.