# Presentation: 532339

## FAA Satellite Navigation Program Update

- Dan Salvano
- Director of Navigation Services

**Notes:**
ICAO, (the International Civil Aviation Organization), has committed to transition to satellite navigation.
ICAO’s program for Satellite Navigation is called GNSS which stands for Global Navigation Satellite System.
A critical component of GNSS is the development of Space Based Augmentation Systems also called SBAS.
Today I am going to talk about the FAA’s implementation of SBAS which is the Wide Area Augmentation System.

## WAAS Commissioned! 

**For IFR Aviation Use – July 10, 2003**** **

## WAAS CapabilitiesFor Aviation

## WAAS Capabilities

- FAA Makes WAAS Available For Non IFR Aviation Use In August 2000
- Signal Available At Surface For All Users
- Initial Operating Capability (IOC)
- FAA Commissions System For IFR Use On July 10, 2003
- 100% Coverage CONUS & Alaska From 100,000 Ft. To Surface
- Horizontal Accuracy 1.5M
- Vertical Accuracy 3M
- Better Than 99.99% Availability Of System
- 95% Availability In CONUS Of Precision Approach
- 350’ Minimum
- WAAS Specific Approaches (LPV) Published
- Sep 2003 - 250’ Minimums

## Development Activities

- Incremental Improvement Underway
- System Enhancements:
- More Efficient Monitor Algorithms
- 13 Additional WRSs To Improve Availability And Coverage
- 4 Alaska
- 5 Mexico
- 4 Canada
- Provide Two GEO Satellites In View To All Users
- Enhancing The Terrestrial Communications
- Enhanced O&M Efficiency
- Equipment Upgrade Using COTS When Feasible

## GEO Acquisition

- Goal
- Replace INMARSAT III’s
- Eliminate Single Point of Failure of GEO Coverage
- Provide At Least Two GEO’s In View To Each User For Better Availability
- FAA Awarded Contract to Lockheed Martin For New Leased Satellite Communications Links
- Awarded March 4, 2003
- Lockheed Martin Awarded Contract to Telesat for Anik F1r
- Lockheed Martin Awarded Contract to PanAmSat
- Lease Includes Replacement Of Satellite And Ground Segments

## Current GEO ServiceInmarsat III

- Main Problem Is Single Coverage Over the Majority of CONUS

## New GEOs

- Provides Dual Coverage Over CONUS and Alaska

**Telesat**
**107****W**

**PanAmSat**
**133****W**

## WAAS Schedule

- IOC (Initial Operating Capability)
- Incremental Improvements
- Ground System Development Ends
- System Improvements Will Be Brought Online Incrementally
- End State Performance Will Result In Greater Availability Of Precision Approach (LPV - 250 Foot Minimums)
- 99% CONUS
- 95% In Most of Alaska
- Dual GEO Coverage Over All CONUS and Alaska
- GPS Modernization
- L5 Frequency (Block IIF & GPS III)
- WAAS 200’ Minimums
- Better Interference Mitigation

- 2003
- 2003 - 2008

- 2007
- 2013

## LAAS

## LAASProgram Description

- Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) Provides a Differential GPS Augmentation Navigation Capability Within the Terminal Area
- Capabilities May Include:
- Precision Approach to CAT III Minimums
- Complex Procedures
- Guided Missed Approaches
- Departure Procedures
- Surface Movement Navigation

## LAAS Program Background

- GIP
- Government Industry Partnership (GIP) to Develop Non-Federal CAT-I System Under FAA Type Acceptance Process (Honeywell, Raytheon, Thales)
- GIP Partners Had Difficulty Funding Effort to Meet Integrity Requirements
- CAT-I
- FAA Full-Scale Development and Production of Fed CAT-I Systems
- CAT I Contract Awarded to Honeywell April 2003
- CAT-II/III
- CAT-II/III R&D to Mitigate Technical Design Risk
- Development and Production

**Notes:**

Phase I:  The Government Industry Partnership was intended produced an Off the Shelf  “non-Federal” CAT I system under FAA type acceptance process. Several engineering prototype GIP systems are operating in the National Air Space (NAS) for data collection.

(Note: Further GIP activities are on hold pending CAT I contract award)

Phase II: Leverages off phase I and provides for full scale development and installation of “federal” CAT I systems which include additional requirements for federal systems such as maintainability, reliability, logistics and training.  

Phase III: R&D for advancing technology and concepts for CAT II/III design challenges.  The intent is to award individual study contracts before decision for development.

## LAAS Status

- LAAS FY2005 Budget Request Reduced to Zero
- LAAS Directed To Be Research and Development Program
- CAT I Contract Becomes Focused Only On Integrity and Safety
- Complete Integrity Design Report and FHA
- CAT II/III Research and Development
- GNSS/Inertial, EVS, RADALT Integration Study Initiation
- Dual Frequency LGF Design Analysis Initiation
- Ionospheric Threat Model/Monitoring Algorithms
- Dual Frequency (2RF) Multipath Limiting Antenna (MLA)
- FAA Still Supports LAAS Technology

## User Needs

- Seamless Worldwide Navigation & Landing
- Terminal Area (Domestic and International)
- 2 Instrument Approach Procedures Types
- Required Navigation Performance (RNP) to 200’ DH
- XLS ( ILS, GLS, MLS) in Near Zero Ceiling/Visibility Weather
- Simplified Aircrew Procedures and Reduced Training Requirements
- Reduced Operating Costs
- Reduced Separation Standards During Low Visibility Conditions
- Capacity & Efficiency Improvements

## FAA Services

- Performance Based Area Navigation (RNP)
- Primarily Enabled By GNSS Technology
- Inertial Aiding For Reduced Vulnerability to RFI
- Use of Other Navigation Services When Necessary
- Precision Approach and Landing
- Instrument Landing System (ILS)
- Legacy Systems Used for Backup and Redundancy
- Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS)
- Category I, II & III
- Future Technology
- Modernized Global Positioning System (GPS)
- Use of Galileo
- Enhanced Avionics

## LAAS Benefits Analysis

- FAA ROM Assessment Indicates Costs Exceed Benefits
- Impact of Back Up Navigation Requirement Due To RFI
- FAA working with IBM Global Services to complete a “LAAS Benefit Assessment”
- Estimated Completion – October 2004
- Establish Navigation Capabilities Baseline
- Establish LAAS Incremental Benefits
- Provide Information for FAA and Industry LAAS Decision Makers
- Efficiency Benefits (Airline & Airport)
- Safety Benefits
- Benefits of LAAS as an Enabling Technology