# Presentation: 482185

## Remote sensing and modeling of cloud contents and precipitation efficiency 

**Chung-Hsiung Sui**
**Institute of Hydrological Sciences **
**National Central University**
**Xiaofan Li**
**Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation and**
**NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Research and Applications**

**	****	****       ****On-going collaborations**
**Ming-Dah Chou (National Taiwan Univ.)**
**Ming-Jen Yang (IHS, NCU)**
**Radar and regional modeling groups, IAP, NCU**
**Chang-Hoi Ho (Seoul National Univ.)**

## Link of cloud contents to microphysicsthrough satellite measurements and cloud models

**	****	****	****	****QPE****	****	****Climate feedback processes******** **_**A 2D version of the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model**_** ****   TOGA COARE experiments******** **_**3D non-hydrostatic regional models**_**, MM5 and WRF****   Typhoon simulations  **

| Cloud  ratio
IWP
 LWP  | Rate ratio
([PDEP]+[PSDEP]+[PGDEP])
 [PCND]  | CMPE
Ps
 ([PDEP]+[PSDEP]+[PGDEP]+[PCND])  |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Satellite measured and simulated cloud contents

**global oceanic tropics on March 2003 **
**Microwave Surface and Precipitation****               NCEP/Global Forecast System (GFS)**** **
** ****Products System (MSPPS)**

**MSPPS****	****	****	****	****          C**
**  **

## Cloud and rate ratios

_**A 2D version of the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model**_** ****is forced by the vertical velocity derived from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE).**

| Cloud  ratio
IWP
 LWP  | Rate ratio
([PDEP]+[PSDEP]+[PGDEP])
 [PCND]  |
| --- | --- |

## Slide 6

## C

**cloud  **
**ratio**
**=0.4**

**C**

**S**

**M**

**cloud  **
**ratio**
**= 1**

**rate  **
**ratio**
**= 1**

**cloud  **
**ratio**
**approaches**
** ****0**

**rate  **
**ratio**
**approaches**
** ****0**

**cloud ratio >1**

**rate ratio >1**

**rate  **
**ratio**
**= 0.1**

**C**

**S**

**M**

|   | Cloud  ratio
IWP
 LWP  | Rate ratio
([PDEP]+[PSDEP]+[PGDEP])
 [PCND]  | CMPE
Ps
 ([PDEP]+[PSDEP]+[PGDEP]+[PCND])  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Stratiform | 2.10 | 2.10 | 0.48 |
| Convective | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.72 |
| Mixed | 0.60 | 0.30 | 1.01 |

**Cloud microphysical budgets in stratiform and convective regimes**

- Stratiform (cloud ratio >1 or rate ratio>1)

- Convective (cloud ratio<0.4 or rate ratio<0.1)

## Cloud ratio and microphysics

## rain rates < 0.3 mm h-1            rain rates > 0.3 mm h-1

- melting of graupel and accretion of cloud water by precipitation ice
- vapor deposition and
- condensation
- Rainfall
- and
- evaporation of rain
-       Unit is h-1.

- rain rates < 0.3 mm h-1            rain rates > 0.3 mm h-1

## Column averaged water budgets

- =

- +

- +

- =

- –

*SI**qv* = [*P**CND*]+ [*P**DEP*]+ [*P**SDEP*]+ [*P**GDEP*]

*SO**qv* = [*P**REVP*]+ [*P**MLTG*]+ [*P**MLTS*]

- ,

*CMPE =*

*LSPE =*

- +

- 

- =

- =  1

- –

- +

- –

**Precipitation efficiency**

## Short-term averaged budgets(hourly)

**What ****processes**** determine CMPE ?*****CONV******c****** ***** , vertical velocity, wind shear**

## Long-term averaged budgets(longer than daily)

**What ****factors**** determine *****CMPE***** ?****Temperature, humidity (land vs ocean surface),****CCN concentration, etc....**

## processes

**processes**

## Slide 15

**Simulated Track**

**Simulated Intensity**

##  (a) surface rainrate (mm h-1)	  	     (b) LSPE 

** ****(a) surface rainrate (****mm h****-1****)****	****  ****	****     (b) *****LSPE***** **

##  (c) CMPE		        (d) [SOqv]/[SIqv] 

** ****(c) *****CMPE*****	****	****        (d) [*****SO******qv*****]/[*****SI******qv*****]**

##  (e) positive [CONVc]/[SIqv]        (f) negative [CONVc]/[SIqv] 

** ****(e) positive [*****CONV******c*****]/[*****SI******qv*****]        (f) negative [*****CONV******c*****]/[*****SI******qv*****] **

## 118 km2

**59 km****2**

**30 km****2**

**96 km**

**48 km**

**24 km**

## 48 km

- 24 km

- 96 km

- 59 km2

- 30 km2

- 118 km2

- 48 km

- 24 km

- 96 km

- 59 km2

- 30 km2

- 118 km2

## FactorsIdealized experiments

## Summary

** ****Cloud ratio is statistically related to rate ratio******** Time rate of change of rate ratio is derived as a function of three groups of microphysics processes **** ****Precipitation efficiency (short-term average)******** *****E******s***** + [*****CONV******qv*****] ~ *****SI******qv***** regardless of the average area  ****   ******** *****LSPE *****~ *****CMPE*****.  ******** Function of (*****CONV******C *****, *****P******S*****)  (other processes ?) ****Precipitation efficiency (long-term average)******** Function of *****T******s****** ***** (other factors ?)**

##  Statistic analysis (like probability distributions) of LWP, IWP, CR, CR tendency, and Ps  in different large-scale disturbances and environments using satellite data.

******  ****Evaluation of simulated *****LWP*****, *****IWP*****, *****CR*****, *****CR***** tendency, *****Ps***** , and precipitation efficiency in different models using explicit cloud micro-physics schemes against satellite derived quantities.**
******  ****Investigations of responses of water vapor and clouds (*****LWP*****, *****IWP*****,***** CR*****, and *****CR***** tendency) to climate forcing anomalies.**

**Further research – TRMM/GPM application **

## FDDA 

**FDDA**** **

**NESTED DOMAIN**** (30 km)**

**OBS(NRA1****)**

**MOTHER**** DOMAIN**** (90 km)**

## Next steps

- 1. Further refinements: better spectral constraints (Aref),
-     reduce model physical and computational errors
- 2. Finer resolution in the cyclogenesis region

## Slide 28

## Improve the prognostic cloud microphysics scheme in the atmosphere regional model to predict the formation and transport of hydrometeors. 

**Combine radar and satellite measurements with the cloud (microphysics) model for cloud and rainfall estimate in severe weather**

## Remote sensing and modeling of cloud contents and precipitation efficiency

**Effect on weather and climate**
**Cloud microphysics and cloud dynamics**
**Mesoscale and large-scale circulation**
**Parameterization and prediction**
**Quantitative rainfall estimate**
****** ****rain gauges (bucket, optical, acoustic): spatial resolution**
****  **radar: Z-R relations (microphysics), localized**
****  **satellite (IR, microwave): space and time sampling, micro-physics, cloud optical properties, radiative transfer**
**** **validation**