# Presentation: 099257

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## Miniature Biofuel Cells

- Chen, T.; Barton, S.; Binyamin, G.; Gao, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Kim, H.-H.; Heller, A. *J. Am. Chem. Soc. ***2001**, *123*, 8630-8631.

## Microbial Fuel Cells

- Bond, D. R.; Holmes, D. E.; Tender, L. M.; Lovley, D. R. *Science* **2002**, *295*, 483-485.
- Reimers, C. E.; Tender, L. M.; Fertig, S.; Wang, W. *Environ. Sci. Technol.* **2001**,*35*, 192-195.
- http://math.usc.edu/~grosen/mudfuelcell/
- Park, D. H.; Zeikus, J. G. *Appl. Environ. Microbiol.* **2000**, *66*, 1292-1297.

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## Slide 6

## Cellulase

- 	(1) Improve catalytic activity
- 	(2) Eliminate feedback inhibition

- Cellulose Synthase
- 	Temperature-sensitive *rsw1 rsw2 *alleles produce
- 	noncrystalline, soluble cellulose in *Arabidopsis*.
- Lane, D. R.; Wiedemieier, A.; Peng, L.; Hofte, H.; Vernhettes, S.; Desprez, T.; Hocart, C. H.; Birch, R. J.;
- Baskin, T. I.; Burn, J. E.; Arioli, T.; Betzner, A. S.; Williamson, R. E. *Plant Physiol. ***2001**, *126*, 278-288.
- Arioli, T.; Peng, L.; Betzner, A. s.; Burn, J.; Wittke, W.; Herth, W. Camilleri, C.; Hofte, H.; Plazinski, J.;
- Birch, R.; Cook, A.; Glover, J.; Redmond, J.; Williamson, R. E. *Science* **1998**, *279*, 717-720.

## Approximately 80% of the backbone xylose residues are substituted by side chains.

- Ferulic acid is attached to arabinose side chains.
- Dimerization of the ferulic acids contributes to the cross-linking.
- Saulnier, L.; Thibault, J.-F. *J. Sci. Food Agric.* **1999**, *79*, 396-402.
- Zaldivar, J.; Ingram, L. O. *Biotechnol. Bioeng. ***1999**,* 66*, 203-210.

## Slide 9

## Ingram, L. O.; Conway, T.; Flavio, A. U.S. Patent 5 000 000, 1991.

- Ingram, L. O.; Conway, T.; Flavio, A. U.S. Patent 5 000 000, **1991**.
- Zhang, M.; Eddy, C.; Deanda, K.; Finkelstein, F.; Picataggio, S. *Science* **1995**, *267*, 240-243.
- Walfridsson, M.; Hallborn, J.; Penttila, M.; Keranen, S.; Hahn-Hagerdahl, B. *Appl. Environ. Microbiol.*
- 	**1995**, 4184-4190.
- Ho, N.W.Y.; Chen, Z.; Brainard, A. P. *Appl. Environ. Microbiol.* **1998**, *64*, 1852-1859.

## Bio Hydrogen

- Benemann, J. *Nature Biotechnol.* **1996**, *14*, 1101-1103.

- Light Reactions

## Bio Hydrogen

- Dark Reaction

- Van Ginkel, S.; Sung, S.; Lay, J.-J. *Environ. Sci. Technol.* **2001**, *35,* 4726-4730.
- Woodward, J.; Orr, M.; Cordray, K.; Greenbaum *Nature* **2000**, *405*, 1014-1015.
- Adams, M. W. W.; Stiefel, E. I. *Science* **1998**, *282*, 1842-1843.

## Bio Diesel

- Murray, S. Wall Str. J. **2002** (May 9), *CCXXIX *(91), A4.

## CH4

- CH4

- Ferry, J. *FEMS Microbiol. Rev. ***1999**, *23*, 13-38.

## Reactions:

- Reduction

- Huber, C.; Skopan, H.; Feicht, R.; White, H.; Simon, H. *Arch. Microbiol. ***1995**, *164*, 110.
- Simon, S.; White, H.; Lebertz, H.; Thanos, I. *Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.* **1987**, *26*, 785.
- White, H.; Strobl, G.; Feicht, R.; Simon, H. *Eur. J. Biochem.* **1989**, *184*, 89.
- White, H.; Feicht, R.; Huber, C.; Lottspeich, F.; Simon, H. *Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler* **1991**, *372*, 999.
- Johnson, M. K.; Rees, D.C.; Adams, M.W.W. *Chem. Rev.* **1996**, *96*, 2817.
- Kletzin, A.; Adams, M. W. W. *FEMS Microbiol. Rev*. **1996**, *18*, 5.
- Adams, M. W. W.; Kletzin, A. *Adv. Prot. Chem.* **1996**, *48*, 101.
- Fraisse, L.; Simon, H. *Arch. Microbiol.* **1988**, *150*, 381.
- Huber, C.; Caldeira, J.; Jongejan, J. A.; Simon, H. *Arch. Microbiol.* **1994**, *162*, 303.
- van den Ban, E. C. D.; Willemen, H. M.; Wassink, H.; Laane, C.; Haaker, H*. Enz. Microb. Technol*. **1999**, *25*, 251.

## Reactions:

- Oxidation

- Merkx, M.; Kopp, D. A.; Sazinsky, M. H.; Blazyk, J. L.; Muller, J.; Lippard, S. J.
- 	*Ang. Chem. Int. Ed. ***2001**, *40*, 2782-2807.

## Slide 17

## CO2 Fixation

- CO2 Fixation

- ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylas/oxygenase

- Can Rubisco be improved?
- 	Stemmer, W. P.;  Subramanian, V.; Selifonov, S. WO 00/2808, **2000**.

## CO2 Fixation

- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

- pyruvate carboxylase

- Peters-Wendisch, P. G.; Schiel, B.; Wendisch, V. F.; Katsoulidis, E.; Mockel, B.; Sahm, H.; Eikmanns, B. J.
- 	*J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. ***2001**, *3*, 295-300.
- Vemuri, G. N.;  Eiteman, M. A.; Altman, E. *Appl.* *Environ. Microbiol.* **2002**, *68*, 1715-1727.

## CO2 Immobilization

- CO2 Immobilization

- PLA

- Gruber, P. R. In *Carbon Management: Implications for R&D in the Chemical Sciences and Technology*;
- 	National Academy Press: Washington, 2001, Chap 11, p 166-184.
- Kharas, G. B.; Sanchez-Riera, F.; Severson, D. K. in *Plastics from Microbes*; Mobley, D. P., Ed.; Hanser:
- 	New York, 1994, Chap 4, p 93137.

## CO2 Immobilization

- CO2 Immobilization

- BioNylon 6

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## Slide 23

## Skraly, F. A.; Lytle, B. L.; Cameron, D. C. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1998, 64, 98-105.

- Skraly, F. A.; Lytle, B. L.; Cameron, D. C. *Appl. Environ. Microbiol. ***1998**, *64*, 98-105.
- Niu, W.; Draths, K. M.; Frost, J. W. *Biotechnol. Prog. ***2002**, *18*, 201-211.
- Gibson, J. M.; Thomas, P. S.; Thomas, J. D.; Barker, J. L.; Chandran, S. S.; Harrup, M. K.;
- 	Draths, K. M.; Frost, J. W. *Ang. Chemie Int. Ed. ***2001**, *40, *1945-1948.
- Amaratunga, M.; Lobos, J. H.; Johnson, B.  F.; Williams, E. D. U. S. Patent 6 030 819, **2000**.

## Slide 25

## Yield and Titer

## Yield and Titer

- Patnaik, R.; Liao, J. C. *Appl. Environ. Microbiol.* **1994**, *60*, 3903-3908
- Snoep, J. L.; Arfman, N.; Yomano, L. P.; Fliege, R. K.; Conway, T.;
- 	Ingram, L. O. *J. Bacteriol.* 1**994**, *176*, 2133.

## Yield and Titer

- Product Toxicity

- Product Export

- “A New Type of Transporter with a New Type of Cellular Function:  L-Lysine Export from *Corynebacterium glutamicum*” 	Vrljic, M.; Sahm, H.; Eggeling, L. *Molecular Microbiol*. **1996**, *22*, 815.
- “Unbalance of L-Lysine Flux in *Corynebacterium glutamicum* and Its Use for the Isolation of Excretion Defective Mutants” 	Vrljic, M.; Kronemeyer, W.; Sahm, H.; Eggeling, L. *J. Bacteriol*. **1995**, *177*, 4021.

- mechanism-based

- osmotolerance

## Catalytic Lifetime

- Kolter, R. *J. Bacteriol.* **1999**, *181*, 697-699.
- Schellhorn, H. E.; Audia, J. P.; Wei, L. I. C.; Chang, L. *J. Bacteriol*. **1998**, *180*, 6283-6291.
- Rowe, D. C. D.; Summers, D. K. *Appl. Environ. Microbiol*. **1999**, *65*, 2710-2715.
- Yamada, M.; Talukder, A. A.; Nitta, T. *J. Bacteriol*. **1999**, *181*, 1838-1846.

## Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis

- Tao, H.; Gonzalez, R.; Martinez, A.; Rodriguez, M.; Ingram, L. O.; Preston, J. F.; Shanmugam, K. T.
- 	*J. Bacteriol.* **2001**, *183*, 2979-2988.
- Gonzalez, R.; Tao, H.; Shanmugam, K. T.; York, S. W.; Ingram, L. O. *Biotechnol. Prog. ***2002**, *18*, 6-20.

## Expression

- Promoters

- inducers

- host range

- mRNA stability

- “all or none”

- Transcription/Translation

- codon usage

- folding

- proteolysis

- Smolke, C. D.; Khlebnikov, A.; Keasling, J. D. *Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.* **2001**, *57*, 689-696.
- Jahng, D.; Wood, T. K. *Appl. Environ. Microbiol. ***1994**, *60*, 2473-2482.

## Gene Shuffling

- Stemmer, W. P. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.* **1994**, *91*, 10747-10751
- Zhao, H.; Giver, L.; Shao, Z.; Affholter, J. A.; Arnold, F. H. *Nature Biotechnol. ***1998**, *16*, 258-261.

## Family Shuffling

- Crameri, A.; Raillard, S.-A.; Bermudez, E.; Stemmer, W. P. C. *Nature* **1998**, *391*, 288-291.

## Genome Shuffling

- Zhang, Y.-X.; Perry, K.; Vinci, V. A.; Powell, K.; Stemmer, W. P. C.; del Cardayre, S. B.
-             *Nature* **2002**, *415*, 644-646.

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