# Presentation: 932286

## EO-1 Mission ContinuityFY05 and Beyond

***Bryant Cramer ******	******Dan Mandl***
***Stu Frye ******	******	******Stephen Ungar***
***David Jacintho ******	******Joe Young***
***	******4 October 2004***

## Overview

***EO-1 Status***
***Capabilities of EO-1 for backfilling Landsat-7***
***Summary***

## EO-1 Status

***Enough funding on-hand to operate through January 2005***
***3 month de-orbit to follow end of funding***
***All systems nominal – 11 kg fuel remaining (September 2004)***
***EO-1 has enough fuel to follow Landsat-7 in formation through September 2005 and remain within de-orbiting guidelines***
***NASA Orbital Debris Guidelines require < 25 year re-entry***
***Approx. 2 Kg used per Inclination Burn (delta-I) every October to stay on WRS grid***
***Possible to continue formation flying within the morning constellation through September 2008 if granted orbital debris waiver***
***Re-entry maximum 28 years if de-orbit maneuvers begin at the start of FY09 – WAIVER OF 3 YEARS NEEDED***

## EO-1 Sensor Web

** **

*EO-1 Sensor Web*

**Rapid deflation is eruption precursor: alert generated**

- Triggers

- Onboard & Ground Tools

- Users

**Ground:**
**MOPSS:  Mission Operations Planning and Scheduling System(GSFC)**
**SGM: Science Goal monitor(GSFC)**
**ASPEN: Planning & scheduling (JPL)**
**EPOS:  Cloud screening (Draper)**

**Volcano Tilt meters, Kilauea, Mauna Loa**
**USGS Hawaii volcano observatory**

**MODIS (Terra and Aqua) used to detect hot spots for fires, volcanoes.  Also, used for flood detection**
**MODVOLC**
**RapidFire**
**Dartmouth Flood Observatory**

**GOES used for cloud screening near real-time**

**EO-1 responds to triggers and has onboard triggers for snow, water, ice, land, thermal and clouds**

**On-board:**
**ASE: Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (JPL)**
**Livingstone (Ames) – Onboard diagnostic tool**

**Fire rehabilitation**

**Volcano eruption detection & assessment**

**Communication infrastructure:**
**Cellular based architecture for spacecraft using phased array antennas (GSFC,GRC,Ga Tech, Univ. of Colorado)**

*Fuel map*

*flood*

*Ice breakup*

## Applying Horizontal Sensor Data Fusion for Southern California Wildfire Monitoring

*Applying Horizontal Sensor Data Fusion for Southern California Wildfire Monitoring*

_***Assets used:***_
*** ******EO-1***
*** ******SPOT***
*** ******Aqua & Terra (MODIS)***
*** ******Terra (ASTER)***
*** ******Landsat 5***
*** ******MASTER***
*** ******Aircraft (ER-2) based MODIS & ASTER***
*** ******AirDas***
*** ******Airborne Infrared Disaster Assessment System***

## EO-1 Prospects for FY05

***Competing desires for EO-1***
***Hyperspectral community related to homeland security***
***Testbed activities***
***Fill in for Landsat (option explored in following slides)***
***Commercial sales revenue show continuing downward trend***
***Slack support for hyperspectral research and applications work***
***No long term commitment to fly EO-1***
***NRO funding (if any) will probably be tied to science and product development work, not image acquisitions***
*** ******Implies no direct funding for continued operations***
***NOAA funding available for image acquisitions, but no image requests are being made by NOAA scientists due to slack support for hyperspectral research and applications work***
***No NGA support for operations funding anticipated***
***Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (ASE) and volcano sensor web activities to be wrapped up by February with no new follow-on activities anticipated***

## Lifetime Data Analysis Summary

***Single failure has been ALI solar calibration aperture door***
*** ******Infant mortalities are all behind us – looking now at long term wear-out/ radiation dosage effects***
***All life-limiting components have been analyzed by GSFC engineering and spacecraft manufacturer***
***No indicators of degradation have been observed***
***Based on Solar Array trend data, operations should remain power positive through 2008 before PSE parameter changes and/or operations scenarios would be affected***
***Radiation tolerance limits for components reached after September 2008***

*Lifetime Data Analysis Summary*

***We anticipate that fuel limitations will end the mission in Sept 2008***

## Options to Backfill for Landsat-7

***One option is to maximize ALI imaging to support L-7 data needs (e.g., smaller swath size data orders)***
***ALI swath-width 37Km...ETM+ swath width 185Km***
***Reduce Hyperion/AC imaging to enable the maximum ALI acquisitions ***
***Reduce or eliminate testbed activities***
***Two techniques are available ***
***Yaw steering in nadir non-pointing mode ***
*   **Captures one-fifth of L-7 path (long-duration images)*
*   **15 WRS rows can be recorded (WARP 48 Gbits capacity)*
*   **Downlink at polar stations on successive orbits*
***Pointing to fill in selected targets (current mode)***
*   **Constrained to 2-3 rows due to band-to-band alignment issue*
*   **Can acquire 25-30 pointing scenes per day (185Km length) *

## Options (continued)

***In nadir yaw steering mode***
***Periodically shift satellite nadir track to cover L-7 swath in 5 passes***
*  **Can do table loads to point at different nadir track for period of time*
*  **Includes splitting coverage so that nadir track could overlap edge of adjacent path to the flight path*
*  **It would take 80 days to capture most of the continental U.S. (16 cycle days x 5 ALI swaths per path)*
*  **Useable data will be reduced by clouds and available downlink bandwidth*
***Combinations of operating modes possible***
***Yaw steering mode for a few orbits***
***Pointing mode for the rest of the day***
***One strategy is to select tasking requests to match highly requested paid customer orders to the degree possible (see blue squares on next slide next slide)***

## Supporting Landsat-7

***Users ordering data through EDC have concentrated on the continental U.S. and a limited number of selected sites elsewhere***
***A substantial number of L-7 users don’t use the full 185Km swath width***
***ALI has only a 37Km swath width ***
***Using ALI to systematically replicate the full swath width of L-7 is probably not an efficient use of EO-1***
***We seek to define an ALI acquisition strategy that efficiently uses EO-1 to satisfy the largest number of EDC L-7 users by restricting collects to the Continental U.S. and selected targets overseas of special interest to the EDC user community***

## Charts show count of L-7 paid orders from the EDC archive for L-7 full swath WRS data for last two years (courtesy USGS)

**Charts show count of L-7 paid orders from the EDC archive for L-7 full swath WRS data for last two years (courtesy USGS)**
**(Note: does not include data orders directly downlinked to internationals)**

**ALI can gather most of blue squares every 80 days, but cannot fulfill all requirements for global coverage refresh rate defined in Landsat Long Term Plan**

**EO-1 cannot**
**perform**
**International**
**Ground Station**
**Direct broadcasts**

## ALI Coverage of CONUS

- 80 Day Repeat Cycle

## Landsat Supplemental Upgrades

***Flight and ground software upgrades to enable Landsat supplemental support***
***Handling large ALI files on-board (GSFC 3-4 months)***
***Switching between nadir yaw steering and pointing modes (USGS TBS months)***
***Flight Dynamics orbit data products (GSFC 3-4 months)***
***Ortho-rectified ALI level-1 processing code (USGS TBS months)***
***Upgrade to user friendly interface (USGS TBS months)***
***Cost shown in budget spreadsheet beginning in FY05 (back up slide)-Timing for when/if to implement upgrades needs discussion***
***Not all of the USGS cost impacts are in the spreadsheet***
***Increased service requirements to be negotiated with Ground Network management***
***USGS agreement will need revision***

## Financial Status

***GSFC Operations = $3.8M per year plus USGS $285K augmentation***
***Revenue for GSFC Operations currently supplied by NRO, NGA, NOAA, ST-6, and Volcano Sensor Web demo (to be completed by Feb 05)***
***New costs of $805K incurred during FY04 for full cost coverage***
*   **$626K full-cost coverage received from HQ Aug 04 (Code Y-258 funds)*
***Funding on-hand sufficient to continue through January 2005***
***Additional $1.06M needed for de-orbit being held by NMP - De-orbit duration 3 months including preparation time – burns accomplished in last 5 weeks***
***USGS/EDC costs = $1.2M per year***
***NASA contributed $0 in FY02, $110K in FY03 and $240K in FY04 ***
***EDC FY04 shortfall ($305K) due to lowered scene price (lost $120K since January 2004 price reduction for imagery from $500 to $250 per scene) and increased bulk customer servicing costs***
***USGS projects that FY05 costs will be $1.6 million***
***USGS is requesting an additional $720K/year if Landsat backfill option requires additional processing as described herein***

## Summary

***EO-1 is fully functional after 4 years on-orbit***
***Hydrazine will be depleted at the end of September 2008***
***With a 3-year Waiver against the 25-year re-entry requirement the mission can be extended to the end of September 2008***
***Life-Limiting components should work through September 2008***
***EO-1 can usefully backfill Landsat-7 through September 2008:***
***Provide missing data***
***Image specific targets***
***Undertake full coverage of U.S. on an 80-day cycle***
***The total cost to do this is about $6M/year minus whatever revenue comes from outside sources***

## Summary

***Supporting Landsat-7 is likely a fulltime job and may well compromise continued exploitation of unique EO-1 capabilities as well as future EO-1 revenue potential***
***Intensively supporting Landsat-7 may be in the best interest of maintaining Landsat Data Continuity***
***We need to decide by December 2004***

## Back up

## Short-term Budget Spreadsheet(Depletion of Existing Funding - $K)

## EO-1 Operations Cost Projection ($K)

*Notes:  (1)  Costs do not reflect de-orbit costs of 1060K at end of mission*
*            **(2)  Assumes that GN and SN continue to provide passes at no cost to project as in first 4 years of **	**  Ops*
*           **(3)   FY01 was a partial year since launch occurred Nov 2000*
*           **(4)   For this exercise, we did not make assumptions for total $’s income from bulk customers*
*           **(5)  FY 05 is funded to about January 2005, therefore to complete FY 05 only requires approximately*
*                  **$2738K*

## Slide 21

## Slide 22

## EO-1 Instrument Overviews

***** 35/55 cm******-1****** constant resolution***

*EO-1 Instrument Overviews*

**Landsat 7**

**EO-1**

**Parameters**

**ETM+**

**ALI**

**HYPERION**

**AC**

**Spectral Range**

- 0.4 - 2.4 μm

*****

- 0.4 - 2.4 μm

- 0.4 - 2.5 μm

- 0.9 - 1.6 μm

**Spatial Resolution**

- 30 m

- 30 m

- 30 m

- 250 m

**Swath Width**

- 185 Km

- 37 Km

- 7.7 Km

- 185 Km

**Spectral Resolution**

- Variable

- Variable

- 10 nm

- 3 - 9 nm

******

**Spectral Coverage**

- Discrete

- Discrete

- Continuous

- Continuous

**Pan Band Resolution**

- 15 m

- 10 m

- N/A

- N/A

**Number of Bands**

- 7

- 10

- 220

- 256

**EO-1**

## Comparing ALI to Landsat 5 and Landsat 7

| Band | TM Wavelength(nm) | ETM+ Wavelength(nm) | ALI Wavelength(nm) | Ground SampleDistance (m) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pan | - | 520-900 | 480-690 | ETM+ 15 *ALI 10 |
| MS-1’ | - | - | 433-453 | 30 |
| MS-1 | 450-520 | 450-520 | 450-515 | 30 |
| MS-2 | 520-600 | 530-610 | 525-605 | 30 |
| MS-3 | 630-690 | 630-690 | 630-690 | 30 |
| MS-4 | 760-900 | 780-900 | 775-805 | 30 |
| MS-4’ | - | - | 845-890 | 30 |
| MS-5’ | - | - | 1200-1300 | 30 |
| MS-5 | 1550-1750 | 1550-1750 | 1550-1750 | 30 |
| MS-7 | 2080-2350 | 2090-2350 | 2080-2350 | 30 |
| MS-6 | 10400-12500 | 10400-12500 | - | TM 120ETM+ 60 |

*** ***ETM+ Pan band GSD is 15m but IFOV is 18m*

## Differences between ALI/ETM+

***Band-to-band spatial alignment procedures (yaw steering compensations) may be made compatible with the Landsat product by resampling, but work needs to be done to develop algorithms***
***Center wavelength (spectral) differences need work too***
***The NIR band split on ALI (band 4 and 4’) can be re-combined by post processing***
***Spectral responses of other bands on ALI differ from those of ETM+***
***Level-0 ALI data may need to be degraded to match ETM+***
***ALI data has better S/N and higher order quantization (12-bit radiometric resolution versus 8-bit ETM+)***

## EO-1 and Landsat 7Descending Orbit Ground Tracks

**N**

***Landsat 7***
***ETM+     ***

***Landsat 7***
***ETM+***

*(185 KM)*

*(37 KM)*

*(7.7 KM)*

## EO-1 Off-Nadir and Landsat 7Descending Orbit Ground Tracks

**N**

***Landsat 7***
***ETM+     ***

*EO-1 Off-Nadir and Landsat 7**Descending Orbit Ground Tracks*

## ALI Data Product Work To-Date

***Stitched together Level 1G developed by EDC uses EO-1 GPS telemetry to calculate lat/lon metadata***
***Used by wildfire Burn Area Emergency Rehab map teams***
***Additional work on co-registration with ortho-rectified Landsat product on-going***
***Experimented with ALI to fill-in L-7 fringe data (abandoned) ***
***EO-1 is taking islands and coastlines for L-7 supplemental***
***78 different sites/128 images captured***
***ALI Image Assessment System development cross-support***