# Presentation: 075161

## Proton Plan 

- Eric Prebys, FNAL Accelerator Division

## Charge

- Develop a plan for a reasonable set of improvements and operational initiatives to  maximize proton delivery to NuMI and the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) over the next ten years or so.
- Estimate the budget and timeline for these improvements.
- Estimate proton delivery to both beam lines if the Plan proceeds on schedule.
- Note:  this plan precedes the Proton Driver replacement of the existing Proton Source (Linac+Booster).

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Management Re-organization

- Project support team:
- Resource-Loaded Schedule (MS Project) – Domann
- Accounting - Cobra interface to Lab’s system - Nestander
- Project management support – Sims
- Web and documentation support - Wehmann

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Staged Approach to Neutrino Program

- Stage 0 (now):
- Goal: deliver 2.5E13 protons per 2 second MI cycle to NuMI (~2E20 p/yr), limited by MI RF system.
- Deliver 1-2E20 protons per year to Booster Neutrino Beam (currently MiniBooNE)
- Stage 1 (~2008):
- A combination of Main Injector RF improvements and operational loading initiatives will increase the NuMI intensity to 4-5E13 protons to NuMI per 2.2 second cycle (~3E20 p/yr).
- This will increase by ~20% as protons currently used for pbar production become available.
- It is hoped we can continue to operate BNB at the 2E20 p/yr level during this period.
- Stage 2 (post-collider):
- In this phase, we will consider using the Recycler as a preloader to the Main Injector and possibly reducing the Main Injector cycle time.
- The exact scope and potential of these improvements are under study.
- Stage 3 (proton driver)
- Main Injector RF must accommodate 1.5E14 protons every 1.5 seconds
- NuMI beamline and target must also be compatible with these intensities.

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Limits to Proton Intensity

- Total proton rate from Proton Source (Linac+Booster):
- Booster batch size
- ~5E12 protons/batch
- Booster repetition rate
- 15 Hz instantaneous
- Currently 7.5Hz average (injection bump+RF)
- Beam loss
- Damage and/or activation of Booster components
- Above ground radiation
- Total protons accelerated in Main Injector:
- Maximum main injector load
- Six “slots” for booster batches (3E13)
- Up to ~11 with slip stacking (5.5E13)
- RF stability limitations (currently ~4E13)
- Cycle time:
- 1.4s + loading time (1/15s per booster batch)

- Our biggest worry!

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Plan Strategy

**See full document: **BEAMS-DOC-1441
**Increasing the proton delivery from the Booster to NuMI and MiniBooNE**
- Increase maximum average Booster repetition rate.
- Increase acceptance by improving orbit control and beam quality.
**Increasing the beam intensity in the Main Injector for NuMI**
- Main Injector multi-batch operation.
- Slip stacking in Main Injector (requires RF upgrade).
**Improving operational reliability and radiation limitations**
- Linac quad supplies
- Booster and Linac Instrumentation
- Booster RF Upgrade
- Alleviate 7835 Problem

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Current Budget Guidance

- After the cancellation of BTeV, we have the following budget guidance (M&S+SWF):
- Most Likely Scenario
- Main Injector RF project and Booster Corrector System get delayed by one year, relative to the original plan.
- Booster RF Solid State PA upgrade deferred indefinitely.

|   | FY05 | FY06 | FY07 | FY08 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Present Guidance | 7327 | 7845 | 6915 | 6116 | 28203 |

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Existing Plan (not fully rescoped)

- New

**Existing Plan (not fully rescoped)**

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Resource-Loaded ScheduleCost and Schedule Reporting

- Building resource loaded schedule:
- For several L3 projects the work is already ongoing (TD building Orbump, large aperture quads...)
- Budget codes established and capturing costs
- Scope under development for some L3 projects (eg. MI RF proto phase then production)
- Developing milestones, strategy and decision points
- Will include estimates with large contingency as place-holders
- Will use the same cost and schedule reporting tools as the Run II Upgrades
- Reporting via monthly PMG
- Change control similar to Run II Upgrades

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Status of Major Work

- Linac (1)
- (1.1) 7835 Task force
- Placed order for 12 extra spare tubes (two year supply) over the next two years
- Studying lifetime issues (filament current, etc)
- Formulating replacement plan
- (1.3) LEL quad power supplies
- Working on prototype, based on HEL supplies
- Booster (2)
- (2.2) ORBUMP System
- Magnets:
- First magnet built and tested, proceeding with the rest
- Power Supply
- Procuring and assembling
- (2.3) Corrector System
- Conceptual design complete
- Working on detailed design
- Working on PS specs
- (2.4) 30 Hz
- Work Proceeding on Prototype

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Status of Major Work (cont’d)

- (3) Main Injector (except RF)
- (note that the BLM/BPM upgrades are under the Run II)
- (3.1) Large Aperture Quads
- In fabrication.  Will be ready for 05 shutdown
- (3.2) Loss mitigation/collimator system
- Working group formed
- Identifying collimator candidates for MI-8
- Starting ring collimator system design based on Booster
- (3.3) Multi-batch operation
- Demonstrated maximum of 2.5E13 load to NuMI
- Demonstrated mixed mode (2+5) operation w/ 5 batches of 2E12 to NuMI

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Review: Main Injector Loading

- The Main Injector has six usable “slots”, into which Booster batches may be placed.
- More batches may be loaded, using “slip stacking”, in which an initial batch in the Main Injector is accelerated such that a subsequent batch will be at a slightly different energy. The two will then drift together and can be captured as a single batch (with at least twice the longitudinal emittance).

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Main Injector Loading

- Initial NuMI operation (“2+5”):
- Two batches will be slip stacked for antiproton production.
- Five more batches will be loaded for NuMI
- All will be accelerated together.
- Ultimate NuMI operation (“2+9”):
- Five batches will be loaded into the Main Injector, leaving one empty slot.
- Six more batches will be loaded and slipped with the first to make two for antiproton production and 9 for NuMI.
- This is beyond the capacity of the current RF system.

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Main Injector RF 

- Our present system:
- Number of cavities: 18
- Total Power Available: 175 kW/cavity (single PA)
- Total Power dissipated: 58.6 kW/cavity
- Power available for acceleration: 116.4 kW/cavity
- Maximum acceleration rate: 200 GeV/s
- In the absence of beam loading compensation, an RF system is stable until the energy expended in accelerating the beam is *equal* to the energy dissipated in the cavity.
- Feed forward loops can increase this stability threshold
- For our system
- Maximum guaranteed stable intensity: 3.3E13 protons
- With feed-forward: 4E13 likely
- Power limited intensity: 6.5E13 protons

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Options

- By adding an additional (175/2 – 58.6 =) 28.9 kW passive load to each cavity, we could ensure 87.5 kW of power for stable acceleration
- ~$2M
- 4.9E13 protons/load limit
- Each cavity has an additional port for a second PA, potentially giving 350 kW of total power.
- ~$12M
- 9.8E13 protons/load in the most conservative case (175 kW power dissipation)
- Possibly higher with feedback loops

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Main Injector RF in FY05 (3.4)

- Build prototype cavity from existing spare
- Passive load:
- Existing port?
- Cut new port?
- Second PA
- Carry out a series of studies in the Main Injector
- Determine effectiveness of feed-forward loops
- Determine optimal passive load and predict intensity limit for one- and two- PA scenarios
- Refine cost estimate for passive load and PA upgrades.
- Use this information to determine longer range plan.

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Proton Projections

- Phases of Operation
- Phase I (now)
- Booster lattice distortions ameliorated
- Booster limited to 7.5Hz total repetition rate
- Main Injector limited to 4E13 protons (2+5 operation)
- Phase II
- After 2005 shutdown
- Injection bump (ORBUMP) replaced
- Drift tube cooling in Booster RF cooling finished
- Booster capable of 8-9Hz operation
- MI still limited to 2+5 operation
- Phase III
- After 2007 shutdown
- MI RF upgrade complete
- 2+9 operation to NuMI

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Predicted Peak Proton Intensity Limits

**Predicted Peak Proton Intensity Limits**

- Demonstrated

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Main Injector Loading

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## “Design” PoT

|  | Booster
Batch Size | Main Injector Load | CycleTime | MI Intensity | Booster Rate* | Total Proton Rate |  | Annual Rate at  end of Phase |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | (AP + NuMI) | (sec) | (protons) | (Hz) | (p/hr) |  | NuMI | BNB |
| Actual Operation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| July, 04 | 5.0E+12 | 1+0 | 2.0 | 0.5E+13 | 5.1 | 0.8E+17 | 0 |  | 3.3E+20 |
| Proton Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Phase I | 5.10E+12 | 2+12+5 | 2.0 | 3.6E+13 | 6.3 | 1.0E+17 | 2.0E+20 |  | 1.5E+20 |
| Phase II | 5.3E+12 | 2+5 | 2.0 | 3.7E+13 | 7.5 | 1.2E+17 | 2.2E+20 |  | 2.8E+20 |
| Phase III | 5.50E+12  | 2+9 | 2.2 | 6.0E+13 | 8.3 | 1.5E+17 | 3.4E+20 |  | 2.2E+20 |
| Beyond Scope of Present Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 11 Hz | 5.50E+12 | 2+9 | 2.2 | 6.1E+13 | 11.0 | 2.0E+17 | 3.4E+20 |  | 5.0E+20 |

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Projections (~“delayed” scenario in document)

- BNB only runs during shot setup

- This turn-on is slower than in document

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Proton Projections for FY05

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005

## Summary

- The Proton Plan:  accelerator improvements to maximize protons to NuMI and the 8 GeV line.
- The implementation of the Plan will provide
- ~7E16 p/hr to NuMI (~3E20 p/yr)
- Up to ~4E16 p/hr (1-2E20 p/yr) for the 8 GeV line.
- We are investigating concepts for further improvements in the post collider era, possibly involving the recycler.
- A Resource-loaded schedule and cost and schedule tracking system are in development

- DOE Review of Tevatron Operations at FNAL

- March 29 - 31, 2005