# Presentation: 188856

## U.S. Department of Energy

**Notes:**
Introduce yourself and give a brief background of who you are and why you are qualified to teach the course.

Questions:  What is the audience’s involvement in the building process?
How many have worked with the IECC/MEC in the past?
How many have used or have reviewed the MECcheck compliance materials?

Use this time for general housekeeping announcements.

## Code Copyright

- Please be aware that all actual code text and graphics from the International Energy Conservation Code are copyrighted by the International Code Council

## Class Structure

- Overview of IECC
- Introduction to MEC*check*
- Basic Requirements
- Insulation and Window Requirements
- Prescriptive Packages
- Software
- Trade-Off Worksheet
- Plan Review
- Field Inspection

**Notes:**
Overview of IECC
Brief overview of the IECC and compliance approaches in the IECC
Introduction to MECcheck
Introduce the MECcheck compliance tool and scope of IECC
Basic Requirements
Energy conservation requirements that apply for all buildings
Prescriptive Packages
Thermal envelope (insulation/window) requirements based on climate zones and packages
Trade-Off Worksheet
Pencil and calculator approach for thermal envelope compliance
Software Approach
Computerized version of insulation/glazing compliance
Plan Review
Focuses on the plancheck process to ensure IECC compliance
Field Inspection
Focuses on what to field inspect for compliance with the IECC

## What is the IECC?

**Notes:**
Residential buildings will be energy efficient and more comfortable to the occupant if built to the IECC
Builders/developers can advertise that they are constructing energy-efficient homes
Resale value may be increased
Homeowners will benefit through lower utility bills and comfortable surroundings
Energy is saved resulting in a reduction in air pollution due to lower fossil fuel usage

## Structure of the IECC

- _Chapter 2_ - Definitions
- _Chapter 3_ - Design Conditions
- _Chapter 4_ - “Systems Analysis”
- _Chapter 5_ - “Component Performance”
- _Chapter 6_ - “Prescriptive Requirements”
- _Chapter 7 _- Building Design for all Commercial Buildings
- _Chapter 8_ - Design by Acceptable Practice
- _Chapter 9_ - Referenced Standards

**Notes:**
This training session only focuses on the residential provisions of the IECC (Chapters 1 through 6).  The commercial provisions are covered in Chapters 7 and 8.  The 2000 IECC references ASHRAE/IES 90.1-1989 for commercial occupancies and high-rise residential.
Chapter 1 - Administration and Enforcement
	Describes the type of construction that must comply with the IECC
Chapter 2 - Definitions
	Defines the terms used in the IECC
Chapter 3 - Design Conditions
	Defines parameters for heating and cooling load calculations
Chapter 4, 5 and 6 - Thermal envelope compliance and other requirements 
	Chapter 4:  Systems Analysis Approach - Determine compliance using a projection of energy use
	Chapter 5:  Component Performance Approaches - Use nomograms to determine the requirements for the building envelope
	Chapter 6:  Simplified Prescriptive Approach - Use Chapter 5 techniques and additional tables to determine insulation R-value requirements
Chapter 7 – Direct reference to ASHRAE/IES 90.1-1989
Chapter 8 – Design by Acceptable Practice
Chapter 9 – References

## Heat Loss Across Building Envelope

- ConditionedSpace

- GreatOutdoors

- Heat Loss Across Building Envelope

**Notes:**
IECC attempts to reduce heat loss across the building envelope.  The illustration can be used to define building envelope.

## Chapter 4 - Systems Analysis

- Hourly annual energy use simulation to demonstrate that the proposed building uses equal or less energy compared to a “standard” building
- Usually done through complex software analysis

**Notes:**
Energy compliance using Chapter 4
Energy use of the Proposed Design building must be less than or equal to the energy use of the Standard Design building (building just meeting the IECC)

Use an energy estimation tool to determine the energy use of the proposed building
Use an energy estimation tool to determine the energy use of the building to meet the minimum IECC requirements

## Chapter 4 - Systems Analysis

- Energy for renewable (non-depletable) sources does not count
- Includes credit for renewable energy

**Notes:**
Non-depletable energy sources include energy derived from wind, waves, lake or pond thermal differences, internal heat of the earth
How to account for non-depletable energy sources
The energy from non-depletable energy sources can be deducted from the overall energy use of the proposed house by using the Chapter 4 - Systems Analysis approach.

## Chapter 5: Component Performance

**COMPONENT**
**BASIS**

**ACCEPTABLE**
**PRACTICE**

**PRESCRIPTIVE**
**SPECIFICATION**

**TOTAL**
**BUILDING**
**ENVELOPE**

**COMPLIANCE**

**PROPOSED BUILDING**

**Notes:**
INDIVIDUAL COMPONENT BASIS:  Each component (assembly) of the building envelope shall meet the required U-factors.  Glazing is included in the overall assembly calculation.  Nomograms are used to determine the required U-factor based upon Heating Degree Days (HDD). 
TOTAL BUILDING ENVELOPE:  The building envelope design is permitted to deviate from U-factors and R-values determined in the “Individual Component Basis” section provided the total thermal transmittance (UA) is the same or less.
ACCEPTABLE PRACTICE:  Identical to “Individual Component Basis” method, but using “typical” assembly U-factors and R-values represented in Appendix Tables.
PRESCRIPTIVE SPECIFICATION:  Prescriptive envelope requirements based upon glazing percent of gross wall area
	Type A-1: 8,12,15,18, 20 and 25% glazing
	Type A-2: 20, 25 and 30% glazing

## Thermal Envelope

- Sets U-value or R-value requirements based upon:
- Heating degree days
- Building component (ceilings, walls, floors, windows, doors, ducts and slab)
- Sets minimum efficiency requirements for other features that use energy

**Notes:**
Insulation requirements for the components are based on heating degree days and the type of component for both Chapter 5 and 6.
These two values are used in a nomogram shown on the next viewgraph to demonstrate Chapter 5 compliance.

## Slide 11

**Notes:**
Example of nomogram used for compliance by performance on an individual component basis.

Work example for walls:  Select a heating degree day value and a single family residential building (A1) or multi-family building (A2).  Show how to determine the Uo for the wall for Chapter 5 compliance.

Disadvantages:
Need to translate the Uo value into an insulation R-value, window U-value and glass-to-wall percentage.
Hard to enforce - HDD varies with climate and location, nomograms are difficult to read and interpret.

The nomogram is not included in the MECcheck compliance tool and is included in the training to show the form of the IECC.  MECcheck implements the same requirements in a different form.

## Slide 12

**Notes:**
Restricted by glazing percentage.

## Chapter 6: Simplified Prescriptive

- Residential Buildings, Type A-1
- Glazing must be less than 15% of gross wall area
- Must meet requirements of Chapters 4 and 5
- Residential Buildings, Type A-2
- Glazing must be less than 25% of gross wall area
- Must meet requirements of Chapters 4 and 5
- Climates > 13,000 HDD must use envelope requirements of Chapters 4 and 5

**Notes:**
Residential Building:  Type A-1:  Detached one- and two- family dwellings.
Residential Building:  Type A-2:  A building containing multiple (i.e., three or more) dwelling units.

The minimum required R-value or maximum required U-value for each element of the thermal envelope shall meet Table 602.1.  If any one (1) element does not meet the minimum specified, then you automatically must use Chapter 4 or 5 to demonstrate compliance.

## Slide 14

## MECcheckTM Manual

- Self-contained
- IECC “yellow book” not needed
- References interpreted

**Notes:**
MECcheck is a tool to be used for compliance with the IECC but is not required for use by the provisions of the IECC.
Methodologies in the “Yellow Book” are hard to use and must be interpreted
MECcheck compliance materials
Applicable provisions and section numbers contained within the MECcheck Manual.
IECC references included within the IECC are interpreted 
Other tools are available for use in compliance with the IECC
Designed for use by builders / designers and enforcement agencies

## Overview
Basic requirements
Insulation and glazing requirements	
Prescriptive packages, or
Trade-off worksheet, or
Software
Plan check
Field inspection

- Basic requirements
- Insulation and glazing requirements
- Prescriptive packages, or
- Trade-off worksheet, or
- Software
- Plan check
- Field inspection

- MEC*check*TM Manual Outline

**Notes:**
Manual is now offered as pdf files on CheckMate CD.  The software user’s manual is online in the software as the help files.
Overview - Who must comply with the IECC?
Basic Requirements - Covers energy conservation provisions that apply to all residences.
Usually straight forward with no calculations required.

Insulation and Window requirements  - Envelope compliance.   Select one:
	Prescriptive Packages, or
	Trade-Off Worksheet, or
	Software
Plan check - What do you need to check to effectively plancheck MECcheck compliance materials?
Field Inspection - What should you look for and when should the energy feature be inspected to ensure that the building complies with the IECC?

## Compliance Path

**Who Must Comply?**

**Prescriptive**
**Packages**

**MEC*****check***
**Software**

**Construct Building**

**Plan Review**

**Basic Requirements**

**Insulation & Window**
**Requirements**

**Trade-Off**
**Worksheet**

**Notes:**
This flowchart shows the steps in the compliance path.

## What Types of Buildings Must Comply?

**One- and two-family**

**Multifamily, 3 stories or less**

**Notes:**
Because this training only applies to the residential portion of the IECC only two types of buildings must comply with the provisions of the code.
One and two family residential
Multi-family - 3 stories or less in height; Multi-family is defined as three or more dwelling units.

Question:  What is a duplex considered?
Answer:  1 and 2 family residential

Question:  What is a three-story house considered?
Answer:  1 and 2 family residential

## Areas of the Buildingthat Must Comply

- New construction
- Heated and cooled space
- Temperatures within the space are 50oF or higher (heating) 85oF or lower (cooling) during normal operation
- Heated and/or cooled air (positive supply)
- Uninsulated surfaces located within space

**Notes:**
New Construction
New buildings
Additions to existing buildings
Conditioned Space
Only conditioned spaces must comply with the IECC
Temperatures within the space are 50o F or higher during normal operation
Must be continually maintained
Heated and/or cooled air (positive supply)
Heated or cooled surfaces e.g. radiant heating
Uninsulated surfaces located within space
Uninsulated ducts may “accidentally” condition the space

## Conditioned Space – Case 1

- SUNPORCH

- FINISHED
- ATTIC

- LIVING SPACE

- BASEMENT

- F

- WH

- GARAGE

**Notes:**
Show participants where the building envelope, furnace and unconditioned spaces are.

Shaded border designates building envelope
Sunporch is unconditioned 
Floor of Finished Attic is uninsulated
Basement walls are uninsulated

## Conditioned Space - Case 2

- SUNPORCH

- FINISHED
- ATTIC

- LIVING SPACE

- BASEMENT

- F

- WH

- GARAGE

**Notes:**
Sunporch is unconditioned
Floor of finished attic is uninsulated
Basement walls are insulated
Furnace duct is uninsulated

## Conditioned Space - Case 3

- SUNPORCH

- FINISHED
- ATTIC

- LIVING SPACE

- BASEMENT

- F

- WH

- GARAGE

**Notes:**
Sunporch is unconditioned
Floor of finished attic is uninsulated
Basement walls are insulated

## Conditioned Space - Case 4

**Notes:**
Sunporch is conditioned

## Conditioned Space Problem

- 1st Case
- Furnace in basement/floor over basement insulated/ducts insulated
- 2nd Case
- No insulation in floor over basement/ducts uninsulated
- 3rd Case
- Furnace in garage - common wall insulated/ducts insulated
- 4th Case
- Furnace in garage - common wall between living and sunporch uninsulated/ceiling and walls of sunporch insulated

**Notes:**
Use cross-section through building on pages 2-6 to 2-7 to answer questions for each Case.  Point out areas that are uninsulated.

Answers:
1st Case - Finished attic and living space are conditioned.  Basement, garage and sunspace are not conditioned.

2nd Case - Finished attic, living space and basement are conditioned.  Heat will be transferred through the floor and uninsulated ducts into the basement.

3rd Case - Finished attic, living space, and basement are conditioned

4th Case - Finished attic, living space, basement and sunporch are conditioned.

## No heating or cooling
Historical
Low peak energy for all purposes
< 3.4 Btu/hr/ft2 of floor area
< 1.0 W/ft2 of floor area

- Historical
- Low peak energy _for all purposes_
- < 3.4 Btu/hr/ft2 of floor area
- < 1.0 W/ft2 of floor area

- Buildings Exempt from the IECC

**Notes:**
No heating or cooling
No heating or cooling systems using depletable sources
Historical
Designated historically significant by governing bodies
Included in the National Register of Historic Places
Will usually apply to additions to historical buildings
Peak design rate of energy usage for all purposes is low
All purposes include energy for heating equipment, cooling equipment and water heating.
This low peak design rate is very rare for a typical house.

## Other Conditions

- Additions
- Mixed Occupancy
- Major occupancy > 90% of floor area of any floor 					                in building.

- Addition

- Existing

- Residential

- Residential

- Retail

**Notes:**
Addition
Addition must comply on its own, OR
The whole building can be made to comply
Energy-using equipment that is covered under the Basic Requirements provisions must meet the applicable requirements.  These include heating and cooling equipment and water- heating systems.
Mixed Occupancy
Major occupancy > 90% of floor area of any floor in the building 
Interpret occupancy floor area as conditioned area
Minor occupancy can comply with the provisions of the major occupancy (e.g. the retail space could comply with the residential code if the retail space were less than 10%).  
Where there is no “major” occupancy, each occupancy must comply with the applicable code.

## Problem:

- Addition

- Existing

- What must comply with the IECC if the addition includes:
-   New ducts from
- 	existing system
-    Wood stove
-    Windows
-    Walls, ceiling, floor

**Notes:**
Answer:
The new ducts must comply because they are covered under Basic Requirements.
The wood stove is not covered under Basic Requirements and is exempt from the provisions of the IECC.
The new windows and building envelope must comply with the thermal envelope provisions.

## Precedence

**Health,**
**Safety**
**and**
**Environment**

**1****st**

**2****nd**

**Notes:**
Safety, health and environmental codes and situations always take precedence over energy codes.

## Compliance Path

**Who Must Comply?**

**Prescriptive**
**Packages**

**MEC*****check***
**Software**

**Construct Building**

**Plan Review**

**Basic Requirements**

**Insulation & Window**
**Requirements**

**Trade-Off**
**Worksheet**

**Notes:**
After determining if the building must comply with the IECC, compliance with the Basic Requirements is the next step in the process.

## Air Leakage

**Vapor Retarders**
**Materials and Equipment                 **
**     ****Information**
**Heating and Cooling **
**     ****Equipment Efficiencies**
**Duct Insulation**
**Duct Construction**
**Temperature Controls**
**HVAC Piping Insulation**
**Swimming Pools**
**Circulating Service Hot **
**     ****Water Systems**
**Electrical**

**Notes:**
The Basic Requirements cover the following provisions:
Air Leakage
Vapor Retarders
Materials and Equipment Information
Heating and Cooling Equipment Efficiencies
Duct Insulation
Duct Construction
Temperature Controls
HVAC Piping Insulation
Swimming Pools
Circulating Service Hot Water Systems
Electrical
To ensure that the requirements are installed in the building, they should be included in the building plan notes and/or specifications.
The requirements only need to be complied with if they are applicable to the proposed building.
e.g.  duct insulation is not required if an electric baseboard system is installed with no ducts.

## Air Leakage

***Vapor Retarders***
***Materials and Equipment                 ***
***     ******Information***
- Heating and Cooling
-      Equipment Efficiencies
- Duct Insulation
- Duct Construction
- Temperature Controls
- HVAC Piping Insulation
- Swimming Pools
- Circulating Service Hot
-      Water Systems
- Electrical

**Notes:**
The following provisions are the first areas to be discussed.  These requirements typically apply to the building envelope
Air Leakage
Vapor Retarders
Materials and Equipment Information

Question:  Who knows what the building envelope is?
Use this question to lead into the next slide.

## Envelope

- 40°

- 30°

- 55°

- 72°

**Notes:**
The Building envelope separates the conditioned space from the unconditioned space.
e.g. an exterior wall or ceiling

## Basic Requirements

**Infiltration Controls**
- Seal all joints, penetrations and other such openings in the building envelope

**Notes:**
Infiltration is unwanted air leakage into or out of the building.
A draft is an example of infiltration
Can be a major source of heat loss and gain increasing the energy use in the building.
All cracks and penetrations in the building envelope should be caulked, gasketed, weatherstripped or otherwise sealed.
Recessed light fixtures must also be sealed.

Use the diagram to demonstrate areas that should be sealed.

## Infiltration Points

**Attic**
**Hatch**

**Plumbing**

**Ceiling**

**Lights**

**Wiring**

**Floor**

**Foundation**

**Floor**

**Windows**

**Chimney**

**Exterior**
**Doors**

**Typical Sources of Air Leakage in the Home**

**Penetrations**

**Notes:**
Use this diagram to illustrate points of heat loss or gain due to infiltration through the building shell.  Arrows point to parts of the building envelope where infiltration can occur.  

Infiltration will occur wherever there is a hole or penetration in the building envelope. 

## Infiltration Controls

**Notes:**
Upper Left:  Expanding foam used to seal around a vinyl window.  Caution:  some window manufacturers will void their warranty if expanding foam is used due to the potential for the frame to deflect as the foam expands.  Low or minimal expansion foam products are available. 
Upper Right:  Caulking used to seal the sole plate.
Lower Left:  Caulking used to seal water supply line penetrations and sole plate.
Lower Right:  Expanding foam used to seal a drain/waste/vent (DWV) penetration. 

## Infiltration Controls

**Notes:**
Right:  Expanding foam used to seal an electrical penetration at the top plate.
Left:  Expanding foam used to seal the bathtub drain opening.

## Infiltration Controls

**Before**

**After**

**Notes:**
Left:  “Rough-in” for a recessed downlight fixture.
Right:  The finished installation after drywall.  Note the caulking that seals the fixture to the drywall.

## Vapor Pressure

- HighVaporPressure

- LowVaporPressure

- 20oF

-  cooking
-  showers
-  other

- 70oF

**Notes:**
This slide shows how vapor travels from high pressure to low pressure.  The moisture laden air is literally “pushed” through penetrations in the building envelope.  Moisture could damage insulation and even framing members.  This is why a continuous vapor barrier is necessary.  

## Basic Requirements

- Vapor retarders
- Install on “warm-in-winter side” of insulation
- Use in unvented framed walls, floors, and ceilings
- Must have Perm rating of < 1.0 per ASTM E96-80
- Exceptions

**Notes:**
“Warm-in-Winter Side” of  insulation is typically between the insulation and the conditioned, or heated space
Unventilated framed walls, floors and ceilings are areas that have no vents or provisions to be ventilated
Vapor retarders protect the insulation and prevent moisture from damaging the building material
There are many products that will meet the requirement.  
Many insulations are manufactured with an attached vapor barrier.  
Some blown-in insulations will also meet the requirement.

Exceptions:  hot and humid climates

The MECcheck software includes an Inspection Checklist that lists all of the Basic Requirements for the proposed building in that specific climate zone
Use the diagram to demonstrate the typical placement of the vapor retarder in a wall section.

## Vapor Retarders

**Notes:**
Wall with vapor barrier (polyethylene sheeting over unfaced batts)  installed.

## Basic Requirements

- Materials identification
- Show sufficient detail on plans or specifications to indicate conformance with the requirements of the code
- EXAMPLES - call out:
- envelope insulation levels
- duct insulation levels
- high efficiency heating equipment

**Notes:**
The applicable provisions from the Basic Requirements must be put on the plans or specifications to ensure that they are installed in the field.
Field inspectors will use the plans and specifications as a reference for inspection.
Insulation levels can be called out in construction details or on cross-sections of the building.
An Energy Label is included with the User’s Manual that can be used to satisfy the materials identification requirement.  The Energy Label is only a tool and is not a requirement by the IECC. 

Question:  What methods do builders typically use to identify levels of insulation and other IECC provisions on the building plans?

## Other Requirements

- Manufactured window and door infiltration rates
- Site-built window and door infiltration control
- Locations with HDD < 3500
- Combined SHGC must be < 0.4
- Recessed lighting fixtures

**Notes:**
Manufactured doors and windows must meet infiltration requirements.
These will be difficult to enforce in the field.
If not sure, ask for manufacturer’s specifications before purchasing or during field inspection.
Site-built windows and doors infiltration control
Caulk, gasket or weatherstrip to seal and reduce infiltration.

SHGC – combined SHGC = weighted average of all glazed fenestration products (including the effects of any permanent exterior solar shading devices) shall not exceed 0.4.

Recessed lighting fixtures
	- type IC rated, with no penetrations between the inside of the recessed fixture and ceiling cavity (sealed and caulked)
	- type IC or non-IC rated, installed inside a sealed box of 1⁄2” gypsum wallboard or other assembly manufactured for this purpose with a 3” clearance from insulation
	- type IC rated, in accordance with ASTM E 283 to be an “air-tight” enclosure.

## Air Leakage

- Vapor Retarders
- Materials and Equipment
-      information
***Heating and Cooling ***
***     ******Equipment Efficiencies***
***Duct Insulation***
***Duct Construction***
***Temperature Controls***
***HVAC Piping Insulation***
- Swimming Pools
- Circulating Service Hot
-      Water Systems
- Electrical

**Notes:**
The next set of requirements typically apply to HVAC systems. 

Heating and Cooling Equipment Efficiencies
Duct Insulation
Duct Construction
Temperature Controls
HVAC Piping Insulation

As with the requirements that typically apply to the building envelope, these should be put on the plan notes or specifications to ensure that the provisions are installed in the building.

## HVAC Systems

**Cooling Systems**

- FURNACE

- A/C UNIT

- Ductwork

- Heating
- and Cooling
- Efficiency

- Temperature &
- Humidity Controls

- Duct Installation
- and Insulation

- Pipe Insulation

**Notes:**
An HVAC system consists of a 
heating and/or cooling source, 
a distribution system (e.g. ductwork or hot/chilled water piping) and 
temperature controls.

## HVAC Systems

- Heating and cooling efficiency terminology
- (AFUE) - Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency
- (HSPF) - Heating Seasonal Performance Factor
- (SEER) - Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio

- (MPG) - Miles Per Gallon

**Notes:**
Heating and cooling systems have terminology that describe levels of efficiency much like automobiles use MPG to measure the efficiency of a vehicle.
These terms are the typical terms that measure efficiency for heating and cooling systems.
Heating - AFUE
Heat pump heating - HSPF
Cooling - SEER
The quantity of heating or cooling energy produced by the unit over the quantity of energy used to produce the heating or cooling.
These terms will come into use if high efficiency heating trade-offs are used for compliance.

## HVAC Efficiency Requirements

- Pre-empted by the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA)
- Applies to heating and cooling and water heating systems

**Notes:**
The National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA) supersedes the minimum efficiency requirements addressed in the IECC.  
The manufacturer must comply with NAECA and the equipment purchased by the builder should automatically comply with the provisions.
The NAECA requirements are discussed because of the number of provisions in the IECC that are focused on equipment efficiency.

## Residential Heating and Cooling Equipment Efficiency

## Duct Insulation Requirements

**Notes:**
Duct insulation
Required on all ducts in unconditioned spaces including outside the building
Not required on ducts located in conditioned spaces
Insulation R-value based on Climate Zone number
Duct location

Exceptions
Exhaust air ducts do not need insulation

## HVAC Duct Insulation

**Notes:**
Picture of flexible duct.  Note the R-8 insulation indicated.

## Other Requirements

- Duct installation/sealing
- Low-pressure supply and return ducts sealed using mastic with fibrous backing tape
- Mechanical Code of local jurisdiction

**Notes:**
Duct installation/sealing
Typically, the local mechanical code of the jurisdiction will be the same as or more stringent than the referenced requirements in the IECC. 
The mechanical code of the local jurisdiction should be applied to the project providing that the jurisdiction has adopted a recent, 1989 and newer, Model Mechanical Code.

Question:  Are there jurisdictions within the state that do not have a mechanical code?

Which mechanical code do they follow?

## Duct Systems - Air Sealing

**Notes:**
Upper Left:  Sheetmetal articulated joint sealed with mastic.
Upper Right:  Duct joint sealed with high quality “foil” tape.
Bottom:  Sheetmetal “boot” sealing on the inside with duct mastic.

## HVAC Systems

- One thermostat per system
- Adjustable
- Temperature ranges

**Heating **
**Only**
**55 ° - 75 °**

**Heating & Cooling**
**55 ° - 85 °**

**Cooling Only**
**70 ° - 85 °**

**Notes:**
Temperature Controls
One control per HVAC system
Thermostat
Must meet the temperature set point minimums as shown in the diagram
Must be able to reduce temperatures during periods of non-use by either manually adjusting the temperature upward or downward or shutting the system off entirely.

## HVAC Systems

- Additional requirements for Heat Pump Thermostats
- Capable of preventing supplementary heating when the heating load can be met by the heat pump alone
- Two-stage thermostats where the back-up heat is controlled by the second stage meets this requirement

## HVAC Systems

- Humidity Control
-    Humidistat:

- Removing Moisture

- Adding Moisture

**Notes:**
Humidistats are required for all systems that add moisture to the conditioned space or remove moisture from the conditioned space.

## HVAC Piping Insulation

- HVAC Piping in Unconditioned Space
- Fluid Temperature >105oF and <55oF

**Notes:**
HVAC piping located in unconditioned space and conveying fluids >120oF and <55oF must be insulated.
Typically, this will apply to refrigerant piping and water piping for hydronic heating systems.
Show how to use the table.

## HVAC Piping Insulation

**Notes:**
Example of refrigerant line running through attic

## Air Leakage

- Vapor Retarders
- Materials and Equipment
-      information
- Heating and Cooling
-      Equipment Efficiencies
- Duct Insulation
- Duct Construction
- Temperature Controls
- HVAC Piping Insulation
***Swimming Pools***
***Circulating Service Hot ***
***     ******Water Systems***
- Electrical

**Notes:**
The next two provisions can be classified under water heating systems.  They include
Swimming Pools
Circulating Service Hot Water Systems

These two provisions focus on reducing distribution system losses
Hot water piping is considered a “distribution system”.

## Water Heating Systems

- Swimming pools
- Heated only
- On/Off switch on heater
- pool covers
- exceptions
- All
- Time clocks for circulation pumps

**Notes:**
Swimming pools
On/off switch on heater - must be accessible
Pool covers - must have unless 20% of the pool is heated by non-depletable sources
Time clocks - Allows pump to be run at off-peak electric demand and can be set to run for the minimum time necessary to keep the water clean and sanitary.

## Benefits of a Swimming Pool Cover

- Outdoor pools
- eliminate evaporative losses from pool
- cover can save up to 50% on energy consumption
- Indoor pools
- eliminate evaporative losses
- reduce or eliminate the need for humidity control

## Water Heating Systems

- Water heating efficiency
- Energy Factor (EF)
- Meet requirements of Table 504.2
- Exception

**Notes:**
Water heating efficiency
Like heating and cooling system efficiencies, water heaters also have efficiency requirements
Energy Factor (EF) :
A rating similar to the MPG rating for cars
Factors in energy efficiency and standby loss
The Energy Factor is superseded by NAECA.  

## Water Heater Efficiency

## Water Heating Systems

- Circulating hot water piping
- Pump operation
- Pipe insulation
- Exception - where piping heat loss without insulation does not increase annual energy requirements of building

**Notes:**
Pump Operation
An on-off switch is required to turn the pump off when a circulating hot water system is not in operation.
Pipe insulation

The pipe insulation requirement only applies to pipes located in unconditioned spaces for circulation systems

## Circulation System Piping

- Insulation is essential in reducing the waste of energy in distribution
- One-inch of insulation on DHW pipes could result in a 50% reduction in the distribution heat loss

## Conservation of Hot Water

- Showers
- Showerheads max. flow rate of 2.5 gpm at a pressure of 80 psi

**Notes:**
Not currently directly addressed in MECcheck, but this is a requirement in the 2000 IECC.

## Air Leakage

- Vapor Retarders
- Materials and Equipment
-      information
- Heating and Cooling
-      Equipment Efficiencies
- Duct Insulation
- Duct Construction
- Temperature Controls
- HVAC Piping Insulation
- Swimming Pools
- Circulating Service Hot
-      Water Systems
***Electrical***

**Notes:**
There is only one Basic Requirement for electrical systems and it applies to multifamily
Like all other Basic Requirements, the electrical requirement must appear on the building plans and specifications to ensure that it is installed in the field.

## Electrical Systems

- Electrical metering
- Multifamily:
- separate meters required on each unit

**Notes:**
Separate meters are required for each unit in a multi-family building.
Many builders are already installing individual meters on each multifamily unit.

## EfficientThermalEnvelope(Meets IECC)

- EfficientThermalEnvelope(Meets IECC)

- ReducedInfiltration

- ReducedDuct HeatLoss

- Reductionin HeatingSystem Sizing

- ReducedDuctSizing

- Ability to RunDucts inConditionedSpace

- FurtherReduction inSystem Sizing

- Lower First Cost
- Lower Operating Cost

**Notes:**
An efficient thermal building envelope that meets the requirements of the IECC has reduced infiltration and reduced heat loss in the ducts.  This may mean that the size of the heating system can be reduced as well as the size of the ducts.  If the ducts are smaller, they can be placed in conditioned space which may mean the system can be even smaller which would ultimately result in a lower first cost and lower operating costs.

## Compliance Path

**Who Must Comply?**

**Trade-Off****Worksheet**

**Prescriptive ****Packages**

**MEC*****check***
**Software**

**Construct Building**

**Plan Review**

**Basic Requirements**

**Insulation & Window**
**Requirements**

**Notes:**
Insulation and window requirements are the next step in our discussion of the MECcheck compliance process. 
There are three methods of envelope compliance available to the user
Prescriptive Packages
Trade-Off Worksheet
MECcheck Software
Only one of these processes needs to be selected for each home.  Many users will probably stick with one process for all compliance work.
The class will start with the easiest of the available approaches - the Prescriptive Package Approach

## Prescriptive Package Approach

- Straight forward pre-calculated compliance approach
- Climate zone dependent
- R & U-Value requirements specified

**Notes:**
Straight forward pre-calculated compliance approach
Very few calculations required to comply
Follow list of compliance options for insulation levels, glazing U-values, and percent glass to wall area.
Climate Zone dependent
States are divided up into Climate Zones with county boundaries.
Compliance packages have been developed for each Climate Zone.
Comply with any one of the packages in the Climate Zone for compliance with the IECC.
No mixing of option requirements
Once an option (a line) is selected all the requirements must be met.  No “jumping” is allowed between requirements in the packages.

## Prescriptive Package Approach

**Notes:**
Once the user locates the climate zone on the State map, compliance can be documented using the Prescriptive Package Worksheet.

## Higher R-value = Better Insulated
R-value applies to:
All walls
Raised floors
Roofs

- R-value applies to:
- All walls
- Raised floors
- Roofs

- R-Values

- R-30

- R-19

- R-11

**Notes:**
R-values are used to rate insulation and is a measurement of a material’s resistance to heat flow.
The higher the R-value, the better the insulation.

## U-Values

- Lower U-value = Better Insulated
- U-value applies to:
- Windows
- Skylights
- Doors

- Single Pane

- Double Pane

- U = 1.05

- U = 0.55

**Notes:**
U-values are used to rate windows, doors, and skylights.
U-value = 1R-value
The lower the U-value the better the efficiency.

## SHGC

**Notes:**
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)
The glazing’s effectiveness in rejecting solar heat gain.
Part of a system for rating window performance used by the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC)
Gradually replacing shading coefficient (SC) in product literature and design standards convert SC to SHGC by multiplying the SC value by 0.87

## Basement Walls

**Notes:**
To be considered a basement wall, the average gross wall area (including openings) must be at least 50% below grade.
Each wall must be considered separately.

## Prescriptive Packages - Find The State

## Prescriptive Packages - Find The County

**Notes:**
The higher the zone number, generally the more severe the climate and higher the requirements.

## Prescriptive Packages - Find The Zone

## Prescriptive Packages - Find The Package

**Notes:**
Glazing area percentage drives which package may be selected.

## Rules of the Game

- Insulation R-values - count for insulation only
- Door U-values < 0.35
- Exception - one door
- Window U-value - exclude 1% “allowed area”
- 	from requirement
- Climate Zones 1-7 shall have an area-weighted average SHGC of < 0.4
- Basement windows count in “window area”/basement walls don’t count in exterior wall area
- Ceiling insulation R-value - R-30 for R-38/R-38 for R-49 for raised or oversize truss construction
- Floors over “outside air” must meet ceiling insulation requirements
- Heating Efficiency - “High” = 90% AFUE, 7.8 HSPF
- Cooling Efficiency - “High” = 12.0 SEER

**Notes:**
Rules of the Game – for the Prescriptive Package approach only!
These are “rules” common throughout all of the Climate Zones.  Check in the footnotes for each Climate Zone for specific requirements.

Insulation R-values count only for the insulation materials including any insulative sheathing.
There are no adjustments for framing, siding, or air films as these elements have already been accounted for in the package formulation.

## Prescriptive Packages - Glazing Area and U-Value

- 	Glazing
- 	  Area	Glazing
-  Package	Percent1	U-Value2
-      3	  15%	  0.55

- Prescriptive Packages - Glazing Area and U-Value

**Notes:**
The next several slides follow Package 3 and illustrate the requirements for each component as referenced in the slide title.

## Glazing Default U-Values

## Prescriptive Packages - Ceiling InsulationR-value

- 	Minimum	Ceiling
- Package	R-Value3
-      3	  R-38

- Prescriptive Packages - Ceiling InsulationR-value

## Advanced Framing

**Notes:**
Ceiling/Roof Framing
The way you frame the ceiling and roof affects the energy performance of the home. Certain advanced framing techniques can be used to make the roof more thermally efficient:
Use oversized or raised heel trusses to reduce compression of the insulation at the eaves.
Use higher density insulation in vaulted ceilings to achieve a higher R-value of insulation.

## Raised Heel Trusses

**Notes:**
Example of a raised heel truss.

## Advanced Framing

**Notes:**
An alternate method to achieve advanced framing.  This is a picture of high density rigid board insulation that extends over the top plate.  Check with your local building official to see if this method is allowed in your area. 

## Prescriptive Packages - Wall InsulationR-value

- 	Minimum
- 	   Wall
- Package	R-Value4
-      3	  R-19

- Prescriptive Packages - Wall InsulationR-value

## Wall Insulation

**Notes:**
Example of blown-in insulation

## Wall Insulation

**Notes:**
Example of unfaced batt insulation

## Wall Insulation

**Notes:**
Example of insulated knee wall.

## Wall Insulation - BAD

**Notes:**
Example of bad insulation installation - insulation should not be compressed in any situation, but here it is stuffed behind a wire.

## Prescriptive Packages – Floor R-value

- 	Minimum
- 	  Floor
- Package	R-Value5
-      3	  R-21

## Prescriptive Packages - Basement WallR-value

- 	Minimum	Basement
- 	    Wall
- Package	R-Value6
-      3	  R-10

- Prescriptive Packages - Basement WallR-value

## Prescriptive Packages - Slab Perimeter R-value

- -Not required in Zone 1
- -24” Zone 2 to Zone 12
- -48” Zone 13 to Zone 17

- 	Minimum	   Slab
- 	Perimeter
- Package	R-Value7
-      3	     -

## Slab Edge Insulation

## Prescriptive Packages - Crawl SpaceWall R-value

- 12” minimum below finished exterior grade level

- 	 Minimum	   Crawl
- 	Space Wall
- Package	 R-Value8
-      3	     R-22

- Prescriptive Packages - Crawl SpaceWall R-value

## Prescriptive Packages - HVAC Systems

- “High” Cooling
- _>_12.0 SEER

- _Heating Efficiency_
- “High” Heating
- _>_90.0 AFUE
- _>_7.8 HSPF

- FURNACE

- A/C UNIT

## Prescriptive Packages - Compare the Packages

- 			          		Basement	   Slab	    Crawl	Heating/Cooling
- 	 Glazing 	 Ceiling 	    Wall	  Floor	    Wall	Perimeter	 Space Wall	   Equipment
-   Package	 U-Value2	 R-Value3	 R-Value4 	R-Value5	 R-Value6	 R-Value7   	     R-Value8 	     Efficiency9
-                    3	  0.55	  R-38	  R-19	  R-21	    R-10	    -	       R-22	Normal
-         17	  0.65	  R-26	  R-13	  R-13	    R-6	    R-0	       R-10	High Heat/Cool

- Prescriptive Packages - Compare the Packages

## MECcheck Package Generator

- Allows you to generate your own code-compliant insulation and window packages based on building location, window-to-wall ratio, and YOUR choice of insulation levels
- Select a package you desire and print or save (in PDF) a Compliance Report and Inspection Checklist

## Slide 99

## Problem:

**Determine compliance**
**for the following single**
**family residence**

**Notes:**
If time allows, use the following floor plan and specifications and have the participants complete the compliance documentation

## Prescriptive Package Approach

## Prescriptive Package ApproachExample House Specifications

## Compliance Path

**Who Must Comply?**

**Prescriptive**
**Packages**

**MEC*****check***
**Software**

**Construct Building**

**Plan Review**

**Basic Requirements**

**Insulation & Window**
**Requirements**

**Trade-Off**
**Worksheet**

**Notes:**
The Trade-Off Worksheet is a “pencil and calculator” method of complying with the IECC.
It allows trade-offs between different features in the building.  Unlike the other two methods, this does not include credit for installing a high efficiency furnace or air conditioner.

## Trade-Off Worksheet

- Overview
- Allows for trade-offs between all thermal envelope components
- Allows for multiple ceiling, wall, floor and window types
- Compliance when Proposed House UA _<_ Required House UA

**Notes:**
Allows trade-offs among all thermal envelope components
For example, higher ceiling insulation R-values can be traded off for more glazing in the building or higher wall insulation can be traded off for lower cathedral ceiling insulation.
Allows for multiple components types
For example, a building can have multiple ceiling or wall types like a wall section with exterior sheathing and one next to the garage without sheathing.
Compliance is achieved when the proposed house UA is less than or equal to the required house UA.
The UA is the U-value for a component multiplied by the net area of the component.

## Compliance Path

**Who Must Comply?**

**Prescriptive**
**Packages**

**MEC*****check***
**Software**

**Construct Building**

**Plan Review**

**Basic Requirements**

**Insulation & Window**
**Requirements**

**Trade-Off**
**Worksheet**

## MECcheckTM Software

- Software evaluates specific designs quickly
- Allows trade-offs
- Building envelope components
- Heating and cooling efficiencies

**Notes:**
Software evaluates specific designs
Allows the user to play “what if” with the design of the building
The effects that various design options will have on IECC compliance can be evaluated.
Allows trade-offs
Building envelope components
All the trade-off options incorporated in the Trade-Off approach are available under the Software Approach
Heating Efficiencies
High efficiency heating systems can also be traded off for lower insulation levels.

## Computer Requirements

- 80486 processor
- 6 MB extended RAM
- 2MB free hard disk space
- VGA or Super VGA monitor
- Microsoft-compatible mouse (recommended)
- Windows®  95, 98, 2000 or NT

## Software Steps

- Choose your building location and whether it is a single-family or multifamily building
- Select the code year from the Options menu
- Create a building description
- Enter building component information
- Add a high-efficiency equipment trade-off (if applicable)
- Save your building description and create a report

## Compliance Path

**Who Must Comply?**

**Prescriptive**
**Packages**

**MEC*****check***
**Software**

**Construct Building**

**Plan Review**

**Basic Requirements**

**Insulation & Window**
**Requirements**

**Trade-Off**
**Worksheet**

**Notes:**
The final step before construction can start is the Plan Review process.  
Each jurisdiction may have a different process for performing the plan check process and which personnel plan check which items.  For example, a large jurisdiction may have a structural plan reviewer, a mechanical plan reviewer, and an electrical plan reviewer.
The plan reviewer will need to develop a process that works for the jurisdiction and the plan reviewer.

## Plan Check

- Verify plans comply with basic requirements
- Verify plans comply with insulation and window requirements
- Initiate Field Inspection Checklist

**Notes:**
It is important that the MECcheck documentation be consistent with the information on the plans.
Verify that the plans comply with Basic Requirements.
Use a “note block” or other method for ensuring that the information is on the plans or specifications.
Verify that the plans comply with the MECcheck documentation and that the insulation levels, window U-values, and window areas shown on the plans meet or exceed those shown on the documentation.
One of three compliance methods can be used to show compliance for windows and insulation
 A field inspection checklist is included which should be used by the plan reviewer to record the requirements such as wall and floor insulation.  
The form can then be attached to the plans for use by the field inspector.

## Field Inspection

- Foundation inspection
- Framing inspection
- Insulation inspection
- Final inspection

**Notes:**
These are the typical inspections required to verify energy code requirements.
Energy features can be inspected during normal building code inspections.
It is important to inspect for the energy features when they are visible.  For example, verify wall insulation as soon as it is installed and not after the sheetrock has covered it up.
The inspections listed are those where all of the energy features can be inspected.  Each jurisdiction may have different inspections or variations of the inspections listed on this page.
The checklist should be completed by the plan reviewer and taken into the field to use as a guide for field inspection.  The checklist is broken into the typical inspections.