# Presentation: 374562

## Clean Cities Overview

- Draft Presentation
- 9/1/06

## US Energy Consumption

- Source:_  Annual Energy Outlook 2006_, Energy Information Administration.

## US Energy by Sector

- Source:_  Annual Energy Outlook 2006_, Energy Information Administration.

## US Oil Consumption

- Source:_Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 24_, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Transportation Analysis, http://cta.ornl.gov/data and _Annual Energy Outlook 2005_, Energy Information Administration.

## Origins and History

- Created by DOE to address requirements in Energy Policy Act of 1992
- Technical, financial, and information assistance to communities with alt fuel deployment plans and to regulated fleets

- _Clean Cities Mission_
- To advance the national, economic and energy security of the US by supporting local decisions to use domestically produced non-petroleum fuels in vehicles

## Clean Cities Coalitions

- Public-private partnerships at local, regional, or state level to speed implementation of advanced vehicles and alternative fuels
- 87 active coalitions

## Clean Cities Technologies

- Alternative fuels (as defined by EPAct)
- E85, CNG, biodiesel, propane, hydrogen, electricity
- Alternative fuel blends
- E10, B5, H-CNG
- Energy efficiency
- Hybrids, idle reduction, fuel economy

## Fuel Blends

- Low level blends of alternative fuel with  conventional fuel
- E10, B2, B5, H/CNG, for example

**Fuel Economy**

- Techniques that reduce fuel consumption
- Selecting the right vehicle for the job
- Advanced technology – low rolling resistance tires, HEVs, proper maintenance, tire inflation, carpooling

## Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)

- Hybrids use two sources of energy – electricity (batteries) and conventional or alt fuel powered ICE

- Idle Reduction

- Techniques include on-board APUs, shorepower, truck stop electrification, truss-mounted off-board heating/cooling units

## Alternative Fuels

**Ethanol**
- Alcohol-based fuel produced from starch crops or cellulosic biomass  such as trees and grasses
- High octane, often used to enhance octane properties of gasoline
- As an alternative fuel, most commonly used in a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline (E85).
- Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) and are offered by several vehicle manufacturers. See the _[ethanol vehicles](http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/afv/eth_vehicles.html)__ page for more information on FFVs. _
**CNG**
- Widespread distribution infrastructure
- Clean burning in natural gas vehicles
- Most common in medium- and heavy-duty markets
- Stored onboard a vehicle as compressed natural gas (CNG) or as liquefied natural gas (LNG) Propane:

## Alternative Fuels

**Biodiesel**
- Manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant greases
- Biodiesel is safe, biodegradable, and reduces serious air pollutants such as particulates, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and air toxics
- Blends of 20% biodiesel with 80% petroleum diesel (B20) can generally be used in unmodified diesel engines
- Can be used in its pure form (B100), but it may require certain engine modifications
- Potential issues with operation in cold weather
**Propane (LPG)**
- Produces fewer vehicle tailpipe emissions than gasoline
- Produced as a by-product of natural gas processing and crude oil refining
- Widespread infrastructure of pipelines, processing facilities, and storage

## Alternative Fuels

**Electricity**
- Used to power battery electric vehicles
- Electric vehicle batteries have a limited storage capacity
- Batteries are replenished by plugging the vehicle into an electrical source, through engine operation on gasoline, or regenerative braking
**Hydrogen**
- Emerging fuel for use in fuel cells engines for transportation
- Can be produced from a variety of processes that range from utilizing coal feedstock to biomass or renewables
- Demonstration projects ongoing in select areas across the US

## Clean Cities Unique Assets

- _Coordinators_
- Local champion and point of contact
- Strong local relationships and understanding of player and issues.
- _Coalitions_
- Members are committed to the mission
- Build bridges in the local community to mutually address barriers_ _
- _Technical Information and Resources_
- AFDC recognized nationally and abroad as reliable sources of unbiased information
- 4.8 million page hits (FY2005)
- Over 76,000 documents being downloaded
- _Local Strategy to Advance a National Goal_
- Local involvement works effectively in communities
- National leadership adds legitimacy to local activities and assists with information transfer among coalitions.

## Clean Cities Organization

**US DOE****EERE**

**NREL Technical Support**

**Coordinators**

|  |
| --- |

**Coalitions**

**Local Industry**

**Nat’l Industry**

## Clean Cities Coordinators

- Coordinators come from a wide variety of
- organizations & backgrounds...leading to
- variety in projects and activities

- Highway signs and
- dealer outreach in MN

- Teaching school
- children in UT

- Workshops in IN

## Clean Cities Coordinators

- Research and
- Analysis in KY

| Fuel Type  | Current Average |
| --- | --- |
|  | Fuel Price |
| Compressed Natural Gas Retail | $ 1.87 per GGE |
| Natural Gas (uncompressed) Wholesale | $ 0.77 per therm |
| Propane | $ 2.01 per gallon |
| Ethanol | $ 2.78 per gallon |
| Biodiesel  (B20)  | $ 2.79 per gallon |
| E Diesel (7.7% ethanol by vol.) | $ 1.20 per gallon(bulk deliveries) |

- Local alt fuel price
- reports in CA

- Across all coalitions in 2005:
- Received over $70M in project grants
- Leveraged over $20M in partner funds

## How a Coordinator is Funded

- Stakeholder Dues	10%
- DOE Grants		28%
- Other Grants		22%
- Volunteer Time	6%
- Salary			34%

## Clean Cities Stakeholders

- Coalitions are made up of local stakeholders in Clean Cities
- Nearly 4,000 local stakeholder members
- Private Stakeholders:  51%

## Clean Cities Technical Support

- Alternative Fuels Data Center
- Website with technical info on technologies
- Resource for coordinators and the public
- Program and technology analysis
- Program metrics
- Analysis of emerging technologies and issues
- Tiger Teams
- Technical experts to solve implementation problems
- Technical Response Service
- Knowledgeable resources for questions

## Clean Cities Financial Support

## Clean Cities Financial Support

## 2005 Petroleum DisplacementClean Cities Coalitions

-    _**Technology**_**           **_**Million GGEs**_**	****  **_**% of Total**_
- 	Alt. Fuel Vehicles	       165		       65.7%
- 	Fuel Economy	         65 		       25.9%
- 	Idle Reduction     	         10		         4.0%
- 	Low-Level Blends           8		         3.2%
- 	Hybrid Vehicles 		3		         1.2%
- 	**Total****	****	****        251****	****	****        100%**
-      *Non-Vehicle Total           86**	**	**        34.3%**	**	*

**Notes:**
Total is higher even though fewer coalitions reported – need to stress to coalitions that we need them to complete the report! 

Vehicles down from 173 Million gges last year  (73%) - Accounting for almost 2/3 of the total displacement, Vehicles continue to be the major component of the portfolio

Fuel Economy up from 41 Million gges last year (17%)
Idle Reduction up from 12 Million gges last  year (5%)
Blends same as last year 8 Million gges, but percentage of total lower – last year was 4%

 However, the impact of CC fuel economy outreach efforts are quite significant, contributing 26% of the total displacement up from 17% last year. The estimate includes the effect on new and used car purchases as well as driver behavior (driving and maintenance).
Technology           Million gges		% of Total
AFV		173	       73
Fuel Economy	     41		      17
IR		     	   	 12		        5
	Blends		     	  8			        4
	HEV	    	       	  2			        1
	Total		    	237			       100

     Non-AFV Total          64			        27

## Clean Cities Resources

- http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/

## Important Links

- DOE Office of FreedomCar and Vehicle Technologies
- _www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels_
- DOE EERE Information Center
- 1-877-EERE-INF (1-877-337-3463)
- _[www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/informationcenter.html](http://www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/informationcenter.html)_
- Stakeholder and Related Links
- _[www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/links.html](http://www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/links.html)_