BEE-spoke-data/govdocs1-by-extension huggingface dataset:
# Presentation: 858759

## Enhanced Tropospheric Ozone and the Arabian Anti-Cyclone (or the “Middle east ozone maximum?”)

- John Worden1, Jane Liu2, Dylan Jones2, Kevin Bowman1, Helen Worden3, Ming Luo1, and JPL/TES team1
- 1 JPL / Caltech
- 2 U. of Toronto
- 3 NCAR

## Background on Middle East Ozone Maximum

- The GEOS-CHEM model predicts that ozone amounts in the upper troposphere during the summer are highest over the middle east relative to the rest of the globe.
- Enhanced o_x0013_zone due to summer time Arabian anti-cyclone which gathers ozone and ozone pre-cursors. Subsidence of Ozone also plays a role

- H. Worden et al. In Preperation

- Enhanced Ozone Over Middle East Significant Green House Gas

- Li et al., 2001

## Monthly Mean O3 in GEOS-CHEM at ~350 hPa, ~8 km 

**May 2005**

**June 2005**

**July 2005**

**Aug 2005**

**Sept 2005**

**Oct 2005**

- The ozone maximum is confined to a narrow altitude layer in the upper troposphere, where TES is most sensitive
- Ozone accumulation is seasonal, peaking during June-August

## What do satellite observations show?

- SAGE II UV/visible solar occultation ozone at 7km (July 1985-1994)

- TES Ozone 460 hPa July 2006

- High ozone over NE Africa and Mediterranean and some enhanced ozone over middle east

- Also high ozone over Central Asia and E. China

- Kar et al., 2002

## And is persistent year to year

- As with GEOS-CHEM..... TES Observations show this feature is seasonal with a peak in July

- June

- July 2006

- August

- July 2007

## Random Error < 5 PPB

- Upper Tropospheric Ozone in NE Africa and S.W. Russia is about 95 - 110 PPB as compared to 65-85 PPB at other longitudes

- TES observations sensitive to these regions 0.5 < DOFS < 0.7 in Upper Troposphere

- Observed ozone spatial variations  are statistically significant

## Ozone spatial variations not due too a priori bias

- Ozone spatial variations _not_ due too *a priori* bias

- TES Estimate

- TES estimate w/ fixed constraint vector

- Ozone variations have low bias error in regions of interest

- bias differences larger at higher latitudes where sensitivity is low

## Conclusions

- TES observes summertime enhanced upper tropospheric ozone over NE Africa, the Mediterranean, and Central Asia.
- TES ozone observations are consistent with SAGE data and the observed spatial variability is statistically significant
- Spatial distribution of TES observed ozone is different from the GEOS-CHEM model in that ozone does not peak over the Middle East
- However, ...the seasonality of the distribution and lack of ozone pre-cursors under regions of enhanced ozone suggests the Arabian anti-cyclone is driving the observed ozone spatial distribution (more on this from Dylan!)
# Presentation: 078923

## Views of the Sun

**Title**

**Title**

**This EIT image was obtained in the Fe IX/X 171A  emission line, formed in the solar transition region at a temperature of 1.3 million K.**

**This image, from the SOHO Extreme UV Imaging Telescope (EIT),  was obtained in the Fe XII emission line at 195A, formed in the solar corona at a temperature of 1.6 million K.**

**This EIT image was obtained in the Fe XV 284A  emission line, formed in the solar atmosphere, at a temperature of 2 million K.**

**This EIT image was obtained in He II 304A, formed in the solar chromosphere  in the 60,000 - 80,000 K  temperature range.**
# Presentation: 666921

## PHOBOS22.4 & 62.4 GeV Cu+Cu

- Peter SteinbergBrookhaven National Laboratory
- March 16, 2005

## PHOBOS Cu+Cu 200 GeV

## The Week in Chipmunk 2

- 62.4 GeV

- 22.4 GeV

## Progress in 62.4 & 22.4 GeV

- Goal: 250M

- Expect: ~100M

## Progress in 62.4 & 22.4 GeV

## Problem with Bunch Mask

- Yesterday afternoon, we were getting ~120 Hz of collision trigger
- Only recording ~70 Hz to tape
- Everything appeared to be timed in properly
- Don Barton applied 5ns corrections for going to 22 GeV (vs. <1 ns for 62.4 relative to 200 GeV)
- Problem traced down to using an older bunch mask file (no change since Saturday)
- Server rebooted today around 9:45am

## Up until Reboot

- Bunch Number

## After Reboot

- Bunch Number

## Trigger Rates

## Updated Expectations for 22.4 GeV

- Might expect initial rates of 500-600Hz
- O(10000)/(2*10) (beta* and gamma)
- We only accept ~25% of this: 125-150 Hz
- This is approximately what we saw, accounting for the missing factor of ~2
- _If_ we get 120 Hz and we get
- 6+24+8 = ~38 hours run (6pm 3/22 - 8am 3/24)
- Then 38 hours x 50% uptime = 8.2M events
- Adequate for our needs

## ZDC Rates - not sure what is going on...

## Special Requests for 62.4 GeV

- Polarity flips
- 0: Thurs 3/17 9am
- A: Thurs 3/17 1pm
- PHOBOS magnet induced unexpected “field-off” run
- Only got ~200k physics events
- Not enough for physics groups

## Expectations for 62.4 GeV

- 12 Days, 50% uptime
- 450 Hz average trigger rate
- This gives about 250M events
- Pushes out to ~5 GeV in pT - to match PRL

- Phys. Rev. Lett.  94, 082304 (2005)
# Presentation: 702291

## A Consumer Voice

- Peter Lurie, MD, MPH
- Public Citizen’s Health Research Group
- Presented at
- Vaccine Safety Evaluation:
- Post-marketing Surveillance Conference
- National Institutes of Health
- April 11, 2007

## Outline

- Black triangle for new products
- Phase IV commitments
- Individual conflict of interest
- Bureaucratic conflict of interest
- The balance between FDA and CDC
- Risk communication
- The ideal vaccine safety surveillance system

## Kaplan-Meier Estimate of New Drug Survival Without a New Black Box Warning or Withdrawal

- Source: JAMA 2002;287:2215-20

## HPV Vaccine: An Over-Aggressive Marketing Campaign

- “The only cervical cancer vaccine”(www.gardasil.com)
- Suggestions of campaign finance irregularities in Texas
- Use of front groups

## Status of 373 BLA Phase IV Commitments

- Source: 72 Fed Reg 5069-70, February 7, 2007

## Forcing Completion of Phase IV Commitments

- Civil monetary penalty authority
- Ability to impose studies and study designs

## Conflicts of Interest on FDA Drug Advisory Committees, 2001-2004

- 73% of meetings had at least one conflict
- 28% of members had at least one conflict
- 1% recusal rate
- March 2006: FDA announces new draft guidance on conflict of interest
- Recusal of members with total conflicts >$50K
- Members with conflicts <$50K cannot vote

- Source: JAMA 2006;295:1921-8

## Bureaucratic Conflict of Interest

- Removal of vaccine safety functions from National Immunization Program
- Location of FDA safety functions
- Prescription Drug User Fee Act

## The Balance of Vaccine Safety Functions Between CDC and FDA

- FDA is the regulatory agency
- Greater commitment to transparency
- Greater commitment to data sharing
- More accountable
- Better knowledge of quality control issues
- Does have experience with large data sets
- CDC is not similarly involved in safety issues for other medical products
- Rarely does outbreak investigations for drugs
- Is not assured access to lot sizes

## Concerns about HPV Vaccine Voiced to Public Citizen

- Lack of long-term safety data
- Studies conducted by for-profit companies
- Cervical cancer is rare
- Cervical cancer is on the decline
- Pap smears prevent cervical cancer
- Patients won’t get their Pap smears
- Lack of public input
- Parents should have the right to opt out
- An “experiment” on people of color or the poor
- Inappropriate marketing/lobbying by sponsor

## Pitfalls in Risk Communication

- Too certain (“perfectly safe”)
- Assumption that patients can’t weigh risks and benefits
- Better use of graphics
- Ignoring known undercounting in VAERS
- Undue fears that vaccination efforts will be undermined

## Successful Communication of Possible Vaccine Risks

- Risk for BSE in vaccine constituents
- Menactra – Guillain Barre Syndrome
- RotaTeq – intussusception

- Q: What would the ideal vaccine safety surveillance system look like?

- Q: What would the ideal vaccine safety surveillance system look like?A: Denmark

- Q: Why do we not have such a system?A: Lack of a national health insurance system
# Presentation: 681176

##           PNRA CANOPO Project  ENEA-UP-SZN (IT)- I.A.A. (AR) – SHN (AR) –LOCEAN (FR)

-           PNRA CANOPO Project  ENEA-UP-SZN (IT)- I.A.A. (AR) – SHN (AR) –LOCEAN (FR)
-  R.H.A.I.   C.A.V. 2004-2007

- Volfango Rupolo-ENEA

## XCTD+XBT casts  2004-2007

*2004*
*2005*
*2006*
*2007*

- 103+158+151+142=554 XBT (T)
-                   24  + 11 = 35  XCTD (T+S)

- Belgrano II

- 800-1300 m deep
- 10-30 miles resolution

- The gray arrow
- Is the schematic
- Path of the WDW

## Research topics 

- Baroclinic Transport at_ Drake_ Passage (UP)
- _Correlation_ between biology/CO2 and vertical thermal structure in the Weddell
- Sea (IAA-LOCEAN-SHN_)_
- Mixed Layer variability (SZN-LOCEAN-UP)
- _WDW __monitoring_,  fine thermo(haline) structure  near fronts,
- _thermal staircases _and diffusive convection in the Weddell Sea (ENEA-SHN-SZN)
- _Meridional __eddy__ __heat__ __flux__ _from drifter data through ACC (ENEA)
*Some of these issues will be / are addressed with the help of 1D and 3D high Resolution*
* **Models (LES)*
# Presentation: 440654

## Managing Generational Transitions

- Taking the Workplace from Homogenous to Harmonious

## Generational Groupings

- Traditionalist
- Born before 1946
- About 50 million

- Baby Boomers
- Born 1946 – 1964
- 85 million

- Generation X
- Born 1965 – 1979
- 46 million

- Millennials (Gen Y)
- Born 1980 – 1999
- 73 million

- Cuspers
- Born two years before or after the beginning of a generation period

## Traditionalist

- Loyal
- Dedicated
- Hard-working
- Wise
- By-the-Book
- Depression Era
- WWII

## Baby Boomers

- Committed
- Reliable
- Experienced
- Work-a-holics
- World-changers
- Civil Rights/Women’s Rights Movement
- Vietnam War
- Woodstock

## Generation X

- Independent
- Creative
- Confident
- Flexible
- Disloyal
- Recession
- Latch-key Kids
- Cable/Videos

## Millennials (Gen Y)

- Tech-savvy
- Quick learners
- Creative
- Team Players
- Dependent
- Impatient
- Computers/Video Games/Internet
- Multi-cultural Society
- September 11th
# Presentation: 766014

## Emissions Collection andMonitoring Plan SystemTechnical Architecture 

- Stakeholder Meeting
- May 2, 2005
- David Ward, PQA

## Requirements

- Replace the use of the mainframe
- Provide a Client Tool that interacts with the CAMD database
- Maintain a Client Tool database for local data storage and processing
- Synchronize data between the Client Tool and the CAMD database
- Leverage existing re-engineered data structures and processes

## Technical Architecture

## Technical Architecture

- Visual Studio .NET (Client Tool, Business Logic, and Server-Side Processes)
- MS SQL Express 2005 or MS SQL Server (Client Tool database)
- Oracle (CAMD database)
- ColdFusion MX (Web services on CAMD Web Server)

## Client Tool Configurations

- Single Workstation
- Workstation(s) and Database Server with MS SQL Express 2005 or MS SQL Server

## Client Tool Configurations

## Minimum System Requirements

- Single Workstation with Client Tool and MS SQL Express 2005 Database
- 300 MHz processor
- Windows 2000/XP Pro
- 512 MB RAM
- 7 GB free disk space

## Minimum System Requirements

- MS SQL Database Server for Multiple Workstations
- 733 MHz processor
- Windows 2000/Server 2003
- 1 GB RAM
- 8 GB free disk space

## Client Tool Security

- Local Client Tool database security maintained through single user
- Client Tool provides access through basic user name and password security

## Access to CAMD Database

- Users registered with the CAMD Business System will have access to their data
- CAMD Business System users will be able to designate agents to perform specific tasks

## Technical Concerns

- Processing Performance
- Data Retrieval Performance
- Version Control
- Data Synchronization
- Record Locking
# Presentation: 454441

## Progress on Non-O157 STEC

STEC - Addressing the Challenges, 
Moving Forward With Solutions
April 9, 2008
Washington, D.C.

Daniel Engeljohn
Deputy Assistant Administrator 
Office of Policy and Program Development
FSIS, USDA

**Progress on Non-O157 STEC**
**STEC - Addressing the Challenges, **
**Moving Forward With Solutions**
- April 9, 2008
- Washington, D.C.
**Daniel Engeljohn**
**Deputy Assistant Administrator **
- Office of Policy and Program Development
- FSIS, USDA

## Policy Development

**Ensuring that the **_**laboratory**_** methodology issues are resolved**
**Assessing the **_**magnitude**_** of the problem**
**Determining **_**circumstances**_** in which non-O157 STECs would be an adulterant**
**Informing stakeholders about the FSIS **_**determination**_** that selected non-O157 STECs are adulterants**
_**Implementing**_** the policy**

## Laboratory Methodology Issues

**Validation**
**Ensure that laboratory methodology is reliably capable of identifying the presence of both O157 and selected non-O157 STECs of interest**
**Procedures for both ready-to-eat and not-ready-to-eat beef only, at this time**

## Assessing Magnitude

**Issue public notification to stakeholders to announce a start date for dual analysis of **_**all**_** raw beef verification samples for both O157 and selected non-O157 STECs**
**Recommend usual test-and-hold by establishments**
**Confirmed **_**positive**_** O157 STEC samples will be screened for selected non-O157 STECs **
**Production lots not held from commerce positive for O157 STEC will either be recalled or seized/detained  **
**Screen **_**negative**_** O157 STEC samples will be screened for selected non-O157 STECs**
**At this time, production lots not held from commerce will **_**not**_** be recalled, seized, or detained**
**Assess data over a limited timeframe sufficient to ascertain the general likelihood of presence of selected non-O157 STECs**

## Circumstances for Adulteration

**Based on the evidence that we develop from our testing, as well as other available evidence, we will decide whether to declare selected non-O157 STECs to be adulterants **
**Define the applicable products from the slaughter/dressing and further processing operations**

## Informing Stakeholders of the Determination

**If we decide to declare selected non-O157 STECs as adulterants, issue a Federal Register Notice, in the form of an interpretive rule, that establishes the basis for this determination**

## Implementing the Selected Non-O157 STECs Policy

**If we establish selected non-O157 STECs as adulterants, establish an effective date for which the policy will initiate**
**Ensure that the date is sufficient to address seamless implementation for both domestic and imported product**
**Issue compliance guidelines to the regulated industry **
**Issue policy implementation instructions to FSIS inspection program personnel**
**Conduct training of FSIS inspection program personnel**
**Conduct outreach to the regulated industry**
**Implement the policy on a specific date**

## Questions?

**Notes:**
Relationships between recalls and suppliers using the STEPS database

## Slide 9
# Presentation: 721825

## Does the bright SR-IR beam cause any biological effects?

-  Does a cell remain viable and metabolically active immediately after exposure? **Alcian Blue assay **to monitor short-term viability.
-  Does the SR-IR beam affect the duration of exposed cells to reach their cell-cycle phase of DNA synthesis? **Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay** for cell-cycle progression.

-  Can an exposed cell maintain its ability to survive for a long time and to reproduce?**Colony-forming assay**.

**Holman et al.,***** J. Biomedical Optics*****, 7(3) 417-424 (2002).**

-  Does SR-IR beam have immediate effects on the cellular metabolic activity? **Tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay**

## Test for any SR-beam sample heating:  DPPC

**DPPC = **dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, a phospholipid bilayer 	with a gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition at Tm.

- Set the sample temperature at 317K.
- Measured with synchrotron source every minute for 30 minutes, watching for changes in the CH2 stretch mode.
******T = 0.5 ******** 0.19 °C**

## Synchrotron IR is truly 

- Synchrotron IR is truly
- non-destructive

- Published in Applied Spectroscopy, **55**(2), February 2001, and featured on the cover.
- And J. Biomedical Optics, **7**(3) 417-424 (2002).
# Presentation: 170606

## Assessing methane emissions using SCIAMACHY-ENVISAT observations 

- J.F. Meirink1, C. Frankenberg2, A.P.H. Goede1, H. Eskes1,
- M. van Weele1, U. Platt2 and T. Wagner2

- 1Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands
- 2Institue of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

## Motivation / Challenge

- Satellites offer great potential for improving emission estimates of CH4 (and other gases)
- Spatial coverage
- Representativity (volume instead of point measurement)

- But: high precision needed to resolve small variations in CH4 column

## SCIAMACHY on ENVISAT

**CO****2**

**CH****4**

## Normalizing CH4 columns

- Frankenberg et al., JGR, submitted

- Standard deviation over Sahara

## Aug-Nov 2003

- C. Frankenberg, J.F. Meirink, M. van Weele, U. Platt, T. Wagner, Science, 2005

## Aug-Nov 2003

- C. Frankenberg, J.F. Meirink, M. van Weele, U. Platt, T. Wagner, Science, 2005

## 2003/2004 mean CH4 concentration

- Frankenberg et al., JGR, submitted

- ppb

## Timeseries in tropics

- Frankenberg et al., JGR, submitted

## Comparison FTIR cruise with model

- FTIR data: Thorsten Warneke, Univ. Bremen

## Zoom over Asia

## Inverse modelling

- Optimization of monthly-mean surface fluxes *and* initial concentrations
- Sensitivity experiments with synthetic SCIAMACHY data in Meirink et al., ACPD, 2005
- Model: TM4
- 3x2 degrees x 25 vertical layers
**Preliminary **results real data for September 2004

## Observation errormean-error estimate based on fit residuals

- Observation errormean-error estimate based on fit residuals

## Observation - first guess

## Emissions: analysis – first guess

## Observation - analysis

## Summary

- Precise retrievals of atmospheric methane from SCIAMACHY
- Measurements broadly as expected, but surprises: high concentrations in tropics, Aug-Nov
- Inverse modelling based on 4D-Var
- Preliminary application to SCIA data
- More validation needed (difficult!)
# Presentation: 515718

## Short Range Systematic Errors in the NCEP GFS

***Short Range Systematic Errors in the NCEP GFS***

***G. White, J. Alpert, K. Campana, P. Caplan. J. Derber, G. Gayno, Y. Hou, M. Iredell, H. Juang, R. Kistler, D. Kleist, S. Lord, S. Lu, J. Meng, K. Mitchell, S. Moorthi, H. Pan, S. Saha, J. Sela, R. Treadon, F. Yang, H. Wei, X. Wu, M. Young,  Y. Zhu***

**Global Climate and Weather Modeling Branch, Environmental Modeling Center, National Centers for Environmental Prediction, DOC/NOAA/NWS  **_[Glenn.White@noaa.gov](mailto:Glenn.White@noaa.gov)_

***I’m responsible for this presentation;***
***The others are responsible for the GFS***

**GFS Global Forecast System**
***64 sigma layers***
***T382 to 180 hours, T190 to 384 hours 4 times a day ***
***Guidance for NWS aviation, hurricane, medium and extended range forecasts (12 hours-9 months)***
***Atmospheric model used in NWS Climate Forecast System for monthly, seasonal forecasts***
**GDAS Global Data Assimilation System***** ***
***SSI Spectral Statistical Interpolation 3DVAR— initial and boundary conditions for other systems***

- _[http://wwwt.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/gmb/noor/oct98op/text.html](http://wwwt.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/gmb/noor/oct98op/text.html)_**  **
**--monthly, seasonal systematic errors in GFS 9/1998 on**
**--monthly comparison of GFSwith other NWP centers 9/2003 on**

- Major implementation May 31, 2005
- --higher resolution 50 km to 35 km
- --improved analysis
- --new sea-ice, land-surface models
***--enhanced orographic height by 10% of mountain variance in calculation of mountain blocking dissipative forces***
***--reducing both background diffusion in free atmosphere and turbulent diffusion length from 150 to 30 m in stable cases***
***Last two tested (and tuned) in 1-day experiments on winter cases 2004-2005 (emphasized period in Feb. 2005 where our skill dropped off relative to ECMWF) and found to work together to improve forecasts***

***Examining day 1 errors indicated areas of concern in gfs. ***
***Reducing day 1 errors improved medium-range forecasts.***
***Non-linear processes less time to act in shorter-range forecasts; source of error may be clearer.***

***GFS analysis doesn’t agree with other centers’***
***GFS forecast model doesn’t agree with GFS analysis***
***GFS 1 day forecasts try to remove analysis differences from other centers***
***New GSI analysis appears to agree more with other analyses***

***Hope to implement this spring GSI (grid point statistical interpolation), hybrid sigma pressure vertical coordinate***
***Grid space definition of background error***
***Improved balanced equations***

***Transplant experiments***
***--EC analyses and forecasts ***
***--GFS analyses and forecasts ***
***--ECGFS:  EC analyses to GFS model***
***--GFSEC:  GFS analyses to EC model***
*** ******--Are differences due to analysis or model?***
***GFS minus ECGFS effect of GFS assimilation***
***ECGFS minus EC effect of GFS model***

**--Examination of short-range errors can help identify specific problems; need to determine whether assimilation or model to blame**
**--Reducing day 1 errors ***MAY*** reduce medium range errors**
# Presentation: 422006

## of Semiconductor Nanocrystals 

**conductor nanocrystals (NCs) are inspired by thermoelectric and **
**spintronic applications. Recently, we successfully synthesized mono-**
**disperse NCs of PbSe, PbTe, Bi****2****Te****3**** and In****2****O****3**** with shape- and size-**
**control by employing a high-temperature organic solution approach, **
**demonstrating the feasibility of this synthetic strategy. (1)  Investi-**
**gations of In****2****O****3**** NCs (****JACS****, **_***127***_**, 5276, 2005, top-left) imply that each **
**NC is a single crystal with high-crystallinity, and the size of NCs is **
**tunable. (2) A mechanism study of PbTe nanocrystalline evolution **
**(****JACS****, **_***126***_**, 11798, 2004, top-right) indicates that the shape of PbTe **
**NCs can be developed from spherical to cubic structure when certain **
**experimental parameters are well controlled. (3) A novel method for **
**the large-scale, shape-controlled synthesis of 1D corrugated Mn-**
**doped PbSe nanoarrays without using any capping polymer or ionic **
**surfactant was developed (****JACS****, **_***126***_**, 14816, 2004, bottom-left). (4) **
**A unique**** ****synthesis of discrete, single-crystal, defect-free and hexa-**
**gonal Bi****2****Te****3**** nanoplatelets was achieved, and a two-step epitaxial **
**growth of the cylindrical strings of Bi****2****Te****3**** nanoplatelets on the Te **
**rod surface by packing them along c-axis in a top-bottom-top-**
**bottom sequence was proposed as well (****JACS****, **_***127***_**, 10112, 2005, **
**bottom-right). (5) To extend this synthesis approach to III-V semiconductor system, we are progressively synthesizing Mn-**
**doped InP and GaP NCs with size- and shape-control. **

**Synthesis, Characterization and Evolution Mechanism Study **
**of Semiconductor Nanocrystals**
**Jiye Fang, University of New Orleans,**** ****DMR-****0449580**

## of Semiconductor Nanocrystals 

**Synthesis, Characterization and Evolution Mechanism Study **
**of Semiconductor Nanocrystals**
**Jiye Fang, University of New Orleans,**** ****DMR-****0449580**
# Presentation: 187825

## Materials Science & Technology Division

**Corrosion Science & Technology**

- B. A. PINT

**Superconductive & Energy Efficient Materials**

- D. K. CHRISTEN

**Alloying Behavior & Design**

- E. P. GEORGE

**X-Ray Scattering & Microscopy**

- G. E. ICE

**Polymer Matrix Composites**

- R. E. NORRIS, JR.

**Surface Processing & Mechanics**

- T.M. BESMANN

- Steven J. Zinkle**Division Director**

- Division Director’s Office

- J. F. McKinney
**Secretary**

- K. P. Simonson**Administrative Assistant**

**Diffraction & Thermophysical Properties**

- C. R. HUBBARD

**Materials Joining**

- Z. FENG

- H. M. CHRISTEN

- L. A. BOATNER

**Correlated Electron Materials**

- D. G. MANDRUS

**Ceramic Science & Technology**

- H. T. LIN

- C. K. NARULA

**Nuclear Fuel Materials**

- R. C. MARTIN

**FINANCE OFFICE**

**DIVISION SUPPORT**

**Synthesis & Properties of Novel Materials**

**Thin Films &**
**Nanostructures**

**Physical Chemistry of Materials**

**Carbon Materials Technology**

- T. D. BURCHELL

**Electron  Microscopy**

- S. J. PENNYCOOK

**Materials Theory**

- G. M. STOCKS

**Low-Dimensional Materials Physics**

- J. F. WENDELKEN

**Microscopy**

- K. L. MORE.

- E. K. OHRINER
- (INTERIM)

**Mechanical Properties & Mechanics**

- E. LARA-CURZIO

**Nuclear Materials Science & Technology**

- R. K. NANSTAD

**Research Support**

- F. K. EDWARDS, JR.

**Materials Processing**
# Presentation: 940320

## NTSB/SAE Vehicle Recorder Topical Technical (TOPTEC) Symposium
Panel:  Perspectives on Rail Event Recorder Maintenance Programs & Practices
FRA’s RSAC Progress on 21st Century Event Recorders
Ron R. Newman
Staff Director, Motive Power & Equipment Division
June 5, 2003
Alexandria, VA

- Panel:  Perspectives on Rail Event Recorder Maintenance Programs & Practices
- FRA’s RSAC Progress on 21st Century Event Recorders
- Ron R. Newman
- Staff Director, Motive Power & Equipment Division
- June 5, 2003
- Alexandria, VA

## 21st Century

- 21st Century

- Event Recorders

## Existing Event Recorder Regulation

- Final Rule
- Federal Register Vol. 58, No. 129, July 8, 1993
- Compliance Date
- May 5, 1995
- Final Rule- Response to Petitions for Reconsideration
- Federal Register Vol. 60, No. 102, May 26, 1995

## Event Recorder Data

- Monitor And Record data over the most recent 48 hours of operation
- Train Speed
- Direction of Motion
- Time
- Distance
- Throttle Position
- Brake Application and Operation
- Including automatic (train) brake, independent brake, and, if so equipped dynamic brake applications and operations
- Cab Signal Aspect(s) (where so equipped)

## NTSB Recommendations to FRA

- The Board has a number of recommendations to both FRA and the Railroad Industry that apply to event recorders

## OEM Supplied Event Recorders

- The event recorder system provided by a builder, on their latest model road locomotive, is specified by the railroad customer

## Railroad Safety Advisory Committee (RSAC)

- RSAC was tasked to develop a standard for the next generation of event recorders
- Potential Memory Module Testing Criteria
- High Temperature Fire
- Low Temperature
- Impact Shock
- Static Crush
- Fluid Immersion
- Hydro Static Pressure

## High Temperature Fire

## High Temperature Fire Test

## Low Temperature Fire

## Impact Shock

## Data Acquisition

**Modern Railroad equipment records data from many sources useful for accident investigation, such as:**
- Locomotives
- New Locomotives record engine performance and operating parameters
- Radio
- Dispatch center-to-train radio communication recordings
- Right-of-way equipment
- Signal controllers
- Highway-rail grade crossings controllers
- Dragging equipment detectors
- Hot box detectors

## Crashworthy event recorders monitor critical locomotive operating parameters
Compliance date was May 5, 1995
Next generation event recorder specification is being developed by RSAC working group
FRA is pursing closure of the Event Recorder RSAC As Soon As Possible...even by year-end 2003

- Compliance date was May 5, 1995
- Next generation event recorder specification is being developed by RSAC working group
- FRA is pursing closure of the Event Recorder RSAC _As Soon As Possible_...even by year-end 2003

- Summary

## 21st Century

- 21st Century

- Event Recorders
# Presentation: 016088

## GFESuite Plans	

- Mark Mathewson

## Short-Term Plans (through April 03)

- Text Generation – Local Formatters
- Phrase Builder
- Discrete Data Types in GFE
- OCONUS Work
- ISC Enhancements for Snow/QPF/PoP

- GFESuite Plans

- January 14, 2003

## Discrete – Data Type

- Similar to Wx, but configurable
- Plan to use for Headlines in GFE Formatters
- Overlap
- Non-Overlap

- GFESuite Plans

- January 14, 2003

## Mid-Term Plans (through IOC)

- PX boxes for servers
- Smart Tool libraries
- Text Generation how-to documents
- User Interface Enhancements
- From Nov 2002 RPP workshop
- Beginnings of Gridded DFC

- GFESuite Plans

- January 14, 2003

## Long-Term (after IOC)

*Budget-dependent*
- Improve smart tool / smart init frameworks
- Aviation – 3d
- Other Improvements???
- Climate grids...

- GFESuite Plans

- January 14, 2003

## RPP Style of Development

- Switching to focus groups, rather than broad coverage
- S/W will be available to all
- Focus Groups – 2 at a time at most
- Text Formatting
- ISC Tools/Capabilities
- Smart Tools/Smart Init
- Gridded DFC

- GFESuite Plans

- January 14, 2003
# Presentation: 410959

## Brazil – Mexico Market Update Breakfast

**Brazil – Mexico Market Update Breakfast**
**September 12, 2006**

## Introduction---------------------------

- Brad Lawton, President
- Star Cutter Company
- And
- 1st. Vice Chairman - AMT

## Business Outlook, Opportunities and Resources for Doing Business in Brazil---------------------------

- Mario Winterstein
- Business Development Director
- AMT

## Slide 4

## Brazilian Market Update

## Slide 6

## Slide 7

## Slide 8

## Automotive Production Forecast 2006-2011

**Automotive Production Forecast 2006-2011**

- In Units

**Fonte: Grupo de Forecast Sindipeças (revisão abril de 2006).**

## Sales - Auto Parts Manufacturers 

**Sales - Auto Parts Manufacturers **

**Observação: Faturamento em valores nominais divididos pelo dólar médio.**

**(US$ billion)**

**preliminary**

**forecast**

## Investment - Auto Parts Manufacturers 

**(US$ billion)**

**Investment - Auto Parts Manufacturers **

**preliminary**

**forecast**

## Aircraft Industry

**Aircraft**** ****Industry**

- EMBRAER

## Brazil is not a Market for Everyone

- Cons
-  Needs a Firm Commitment
-  Requires Intense Follow-up
-  (Bureaucracy)
- Pros
-  Easy to Build Relationships
-  Partnership with Representatives
- (Let your rep do the work)

## But you cannot afford to ignore it.

-  Large consumption of Manufacturing 	Technology Equipment
-  Most of your major customers in the US and 	elsewhere have plants in Brazil
-  A place where you can still keep your market 	share

## FEIMAFE SHOWParque Anhembi – São PauloMay 21 – 27, 2007

- An effective marketing tool

## Slide 16

## Business Outlook, Opportunities and Resources for Doing Business in Mexico---------------------------

- Carlos Mortera
- General Manager
- AMT Mexico Office & Technology Center

## A Member’s Perspective of the Mexican Market---------------------------

- Russ Lauer
- Vice President
- Acro Automation

## Extending Credit to Your Customers in Mexico---------------------------

- John Keevan-Lynch
- President
- Provident Traders, Inc.

## Q & A

**Q & A**
# Presentation: 074241

## RCGP England: ‘influenza and influenza-like illness’

**RCGP England: ‘influenza and ****influenza-like illness’**

- <50 baseline

- Consultation rate

##      No of Deaths

-      No of Deaths

- Consultation/100,000

## RCGP/PHLS Samples & PCR +ve by Week of Sample Date (2000/2001)

**RCGP/PHLS Samples & PCR +ve ****by Week of Sample Date (2000/2001)**

- No of samples & isolates

- RCGP index per 100,000

## RCGP Age Distribution of PCR %  Positive, 2000-2001

- % PCR Positive

## Community & Hospital Isolates, by Week of Sample Date    2000-2001

- No of isolates

- RCGP Index per 100,000

## Influenza Types by Week of Sample Date, 2000/2001

- No of isolates

## Age Distribution of Isolates, 2000/2001

- No. of flu isolates

## REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF INFLUENZA ISOLATES, 2000/2001

**Cumulative Total from Week 40/2000 (2nd October 2000) to Week 3/2001 (21st January 2001).**

**	****A(H1N1)****	****B****	****Total Positive**
- 	95	24	119

- 	**North****	****Central****	****South****	****Scotland****	****Wales**
- Community Samples	190	155	211	5	52
- Community Isolates	13	9	15	0	1
- % Positive	6.8%	5.8%	7.1%	0	1.9%
- Hospital Isolates	13	15	27	21	5
- All Isolates	26	24	42	21	6

## CROSS REACTIVITY OF ENGLAND H1N1 STRAINS

**January  2001****	**Haemagglutination Inhibition
- 	Post infection ferret sera
**	****< = <40**

- * vaccinated

## PHYLOGENETIC TREE -        INFLUENZA AH1N1 VIRUSES

- 0

- 5.5

- 2

- 4

- A/PERTH/15/95

- A/ENG/37/96

***A******/BAYERN/7/95 ***

- A/ENG/135/00

- A/ENG/704/97

- A/ENG/575/98

***A/ENG/192/00 ***

- A/ENG/266/95

- A/TEXAS/36/91

***A/NEWCALEDONIA/20/99**********

***A/ENG/190/00 ***

- A/HK/52/95

- A/BEIJING/262/95

- A/ENG/644/99

- A/TW/1/86

**(% distance between sequences    * denotes current vaccine strain)**

## CROSS REACTIVITY OF ENGLAND B EPIDEMIC STRAINS

**January 2001**	Haemagglutination Inhibition
- 	8AD virus
- 	<=<20

- * vaccinated

## PHYLOGENETIC TREE -        INFLUENZA B VIRUSES

- 0

- 5.6

- 2

- 4

***B/ENG/224/00**** *

- B/SCOTLAND/24/99

***B/ENG/197/00***

- B/ENG/671/98

- B/ENG/889/99

- B/ENG/615/98

***B/SICHUAN/379/99***

- B/SCOTLAND/18/97

***B/YAMANASHI/166/98**********

- B/ENG/239/97

- B/ENG/362/96

- B/ENG/296/96

***B/BEIJING/184/93***

- B/QIN/102/91

- B/PANAMA/45/90

- B/HARBIN/7/94

- B/ENG/115/95

- B/HK/46/94

- B/VIC/2/87

**(% distance between sequences    * denotes current vaccine strain)**

## CONCLUSIONS

- Low level of influenza activity 2000/2001
- Predominantly AH1N1 strains circulating
- Majority of strains are A/NewCaledonia/20/99-like
- Small number are A/Bayern/7/95-like
- Onset of influenza B circulation
- Influenza B strains are B/Yamanashi/166/98-like
- Closely-related antigenically and genetically to B/Sichuan/379/99
# Presentation: 116037

## Simulations of Cosmic Structure Formation on the Harvard-CfABeowulf Clusters 

-               Naoki Yoshida
-               Lars Hernquist (PI)
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

## Cosmological N –body simulations

- Cosmological *N *–body simulations

- Galaxies

- Galaxy clusters

- Large-scale voids, filaments etc.

## Nightmare of “large N”

-  Galaxies : *N* ~ 10 - 10  particles

-  Galaxy clusters : *N* ~ 10 - 10

-  Large-scale structure formation
-    _*N*__ ~ 1,000,000,000__ _

- 5

- 6

- 6

- 7

- When simulating:

## The Hubble Volume Simulations

- Standard LCDM model
- 1,000,000,000 CDM particles
- Simulation box 3Gpc on a side
- 1 million rich galaxy clusters
- 512 cpu on Garching T3E
- 1998/8  - 1999/1
- 32 GB per snapshot

- The Virgo Consortium

- 3000 Mpc/h

## Parallel architectures

-  Cray T3E
-  SGI Origin 2000
-  Fujitsu VPP
-  Linux clusters

- 100 – 1000 cpus
- More than 100GB RAM
- (distributed memory)
- ~ 1 TB output data

- *

-  At least 7 words per particle/mass element,
-  plus typically 5-10 more words per gas particle/element.

## CfA Beowulf clusters

- H2

- 264 AMD Athlon  (132 nodes with 1GB RAM per node)

- 128 pentium III  (64 nodes with 0.5/1 GB RAM per node)

- Linux clusters dedicated to astrophysical problems.
- Primarily for *N* -body/hydro - simulations.

- Parallel N-body solver GADGET (Springel, Yoshida, White)
- written in C/MPI.

## Tree algorithm

- N particles on a hierarchically
- decomposed rectangular grid

- “Tree” data structure

## Tree algorithm on parallel computers

- Local force computations --> sum up

## Performance and code optimization

- (55 %)
- (25 %)
- (  1 %)
- (10 %)

- Accessing a contiguous block of RAM,
- rather than hopping.
- A factor of ~2.5 better performance expected.

- Optimal cache usage

- _650 MHz Pentium III  vs 1.4GHz Athlon _

- Total
- Gravity
- SPH
- Timestep
- Communication

- 1.5
- 1.9
- 1.0
- 4.3
- 1.65

- speed up

- 1 million particles *N* –body/Hydro simulation
- on 8 processors

## Future plan

-  Large (*N* > 10  ) simulations

-  Machine specific optimization

-  Algorithm
-  Technical issues

-  Performance tests on various architectures

- 8
# Presentation: 712854

## 500 hPa heights slightly better in pry in Northern Hemisphere (.01 anomaly correlation day 5), slightly worse in Southern Hemisphere (.006 anomaly correlation day 5)

*** ***
***rms vector wind error in pry at 200 and 850 hPa in tropics reduced ***
***GSI hybrid precipitation over continental US less positive bias, more skill ***
***compared to radiosondes, GSI hybrid temperatures warmer, temperature forecasts improved in lower troposphere in Southern Hemisphere and tropics, improved in upper troposphere tropics ***
***forecast heights fit radiosondes significantly better ***
***bias of 200 hPa winds over East Asia substantially reduced in GSI hybrid***
*** ******GSI hybrid analysed moisture closer to radiosondes***

## 500 hpa height anomaly correlations

|  | op | pry |
| --- | --- | --- |
| NH day 5 | .800 | .811 |
| Day 8 | .474 | .485 |
| SH day 5 | .801 | .794 |
| Day 8 | .534 | .528 |

***500 hpa height anomaly correlations***
***July 1-Nov. 5, 2005***

|  | op | pry |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 200 day 1 | 4.56 | 4.40 |
| Day 3 | 8.01 | 7.61 |
| 850 day 1 | 2.41 | 1.98 |
| Day 3 | 3.77 | 3.37 |

***Tropical rms vector wind error***

## Slide 3

## Slide 4

## Slide 5

## Slide 6

## Slide 7

## Slide 8

## Precipitation skill CONUS

|  | op | pry |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 12-36 hr bias | 1.29 | 1.17 |
| Equitable threat score | .377 | .396 |
| 36-60 hr bias | 1.24 | 1.15 |
| ETS | .343 | .357 |
| 60-84 hr bias | 1.19 | 1.15 |
| ETS | .308 | .319 |

***Precipitation skill CONUS***

## Slide 10

## Slide 11

## Slide 12

## Slide 13

## Slide 14

## Slide 15

## Slide 16

## Slide 17

## Slide 18

## Slide 19

## Slide 20

## Slide 21

## Slide 22

## Slide 23

## Slide 24

## Slide 25

## Slide 26

## Slide 27

## Slide 28

## Slide 29

## Slide 30

## Slide 31

## Slide 32
# Presentation: 168178

## Misfueling Panel Discussion

- Clean Diesel Fuel Implementation Workshop
*US EPA Office of Transportation and Air Quality*
*November 20, 2002*

## What is Misfueling?

- Misfueling is the use of 500 ppm sulfur diesel fuel in 2007 and later model year heavy-duty diesel engines/vehicles
- However, 15 ppm sulfur diesel fuel may be used in pre-2007 model year engines/vehicles
- In fact, 15 ppm sulfur fuel provides immediate benefits for existing trucks (reduced wear in rings/liners/exhaust systems, less frequent oil changes) and their PM emissions
- Misfueling can be accidental or intentional

## Misfueling Concerns and Rulemaking Provisions

- Use of high sulfur diesel fuel in engines that require 15 ppm diesel fuel
- could irreversibly damage emission control equipment
- may impact engine operability, durability, and fuel economy
- eliminates the environmental benefits of the new emission standards
- We designed the highway diesel fuel program to minimize this potential
- 80/20 credit program should cause prices for 15 ppm and 500 ppm fuel to be similar
- 15 ppm fuel will be the dominant fuel in the market beginning in 2006
- 500 ppm fuel will have limited availability (geographically and temporally)
- Rule contains labeling requirements for diesel fuel pumps and vehicles to help prevent accidental misfueling
- Owners and operators of trucks will not risk voiding the warranty

## Future Commitments and Potential Solutions

- The program does not eliminate all potential for misfueling
- In the final rule, we committed to working with industry to evaluate whether additional measures to prevent misfueling are appropriate
- If a consensus is reached that additional measures are needed, we will explore with industry simple, cost-effective approaches to further mitigate misfueling potential
- Some of the possible technical solutions that have been put forward include:
- Color-coded nozzles
- Unique size/shape/length nozzles and matching filler pipes
- Electronic pump/vehicle interface

## Panel Discussion Purpose

- Discuss the need for additional measures to minimize the potential for accidental or intentional misfueling
- Evaluate the viability of potential solutions
- Determine if any consensus exists among the affected stakeholders
- Identify action items / next steps
# Presentation: 641395

## Spaceward Bound: Mojave

- Update
- December 7, 2006

## Teacher Recruiting

- 30 -35 total
- Pools
- NES, NEAT
- Las Vegas, Reno
- San Bernardino County
- Pre-Service: UNR, UNLV, SJSU
- Informal: Las Vegas, Barstow
- Applications due 12/15
- Selection by Jan. 1

## Scientist Recruiting

- Chris, Penny, Jim N., Henry, Jacek, Lauren, Alfonso, Armando, Rafael, Jim
- SJSU Professors
- USGS
- NPS

## Science Research Projects

- Microbiology (Henry, et al)
- Caves (Penny, et al)
- Geology (USGS, NPS)
- Springs
- Viking comparison (rovers)
- Remote sensing (?)
- Space suits (?)

## Expedition Structure

- Chris - supreme commander and lead of scientist team
- Need logistics czar to help with day-to-day issues and problems; guest handling; press
- Liza - sub-supreme commander and lead of education team
- Education staff (Deb, Rebecca)
- Alumni Faculty
- Teachers
- Brian - lead of webcast & communications team
- Guests (NASA biggees, partner biggees, press, ...)

## Logistics

- Get into LA or Vegas before noon on Sunday, March 25; we will arrange transport to Zzyzx
- Science will finish by noon on Friday, March 30.  We will finish by 3:00; we will arrange transport back to airports
- Like Chile, work with Planner’s travel agent, make reservations after Jan. 1
- Will try to put you and teachers from your area on same flights

## Daily Schedule Rough CutSun.

- 3:00 Everyone has arrived at Zzyzx
- 3:00 - 5:00 settling in; mingling; “drinks on the patio”
- 5:00 - 6:30 dinner and introductions
- 6:30 - 7:30 science review
- 7:30 - 8:00 teacher meeting
- 8:00 - 9:00 base camp group meetings

## Daily Schedule Rough CutMon. - Thur.

- 7:00 - 8:00 breakfast - meeting time for Alumni Faculty with Education Staff
- 8:00 - 8:30 morning briefing
- 9:00 - 5:00 field work (pack lunch)
- 5:00 - 6:00 downtime
- 6:00 - 7:00 dinner
- 7:00 - 9:00 evening sessions
- 9:00 - 10:00 base camp time; journaling

## Daily Schedule Rough CutFri.

- 7:00 - 8:00 breakfast - meeting time for Alumni Faculty with Education Staff
- 8:00 - 8:30 morning briefing
- 8:30 - 11:30 final science sessions (in field/lab/...)
- 11:30 - 1:00 pack up and eat lunch
- 1:00 - 3:00 all teacher meeting (base camp presentations and general)
- 3:00 head home

## Alumni Faculty Roles

- Lead a group of 5-7; base camp groups
- Teachers matrix from base camp groups into science projects
- Bring science experiences back to base camp groups
- Home group focus question:
- You are teaching the people that will explore the Moon and perhaps Mars, just as you are exploring the Mojave.
- What do you need to teach them?
- How do you teach them?

## Teacher Learning Content

- Processes of exploration in the field
- Logistics and transportation
- Energy and life support
- Human factors
- Exploration and EVA activities
- Science content and processes
- Mojave science
- Concepts and theories of Moon/Mars analog research
# Presentation: 161417

## WIC Foods for Non-Breastfeeding Mom and Baby

**WIC Foods for Non-Breastfeeding Mom and Baby**

**    **** ****New &**
** ****Improved!**

- The new WIC foods help you and your baby meet today’s nutrition needs as recommended
- by your health care provider.  You can continue to enjoy milk, cereal, eggs, juice, peanut butter
- or beans plus fruits and vegetables.  Your formula feeding baby can continue to receive infant
- formula in amounts that meet nutrition needs.  **At six months of age **your baby can receive
- infant food fruits, vegetables, and cereal.

- Your New WIC Foods:

| GRAINS | FRUITS  and VEGETABLES | DAIRY | PROTEIN |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| For Mom: |  For Mom: |  For Mom: | For Mom: |
| 36 ounces iron-fortified cereal | $8 cash value voucher for fruits & veggies 
  | 16 quarts of milk | 1 pound dried beans or peas  |
|   | 96 fluid ounces of vitamin C-rich juice | More allowed substitutions | Or 4 15-ounce cans beans or peas |
| For Baby: | For Baby: | For Baby: | Or 18 ounces of peanut butter |
| 24 ounces iron-fortified infant cereal | 128 ounces baby food fruits & veggies | Infant formula in amounts to meet your baby’s individual needs |   |
|   |   |  |   |

**Eat WIC foods to keep you strong while you love and take care of your growing baby!**

|       Are lower in fat and higher in 
       fiber |       Improve the variety 
      of foods available  |
| --- | --- |
|       Help you maintain your 
      strength to care for your baby |        Are consistent with Dietary
       Guidelines, MyPyramid and 
       infant feeding recommendations! |

**  ****What You Will Receive:**
# Presentation: 703382

## DIVERSITYTODAY’S GLOBAL REALITY

**INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION**

**ITA’S DIVERSITY Year-To-Date**

## ITA Overall HQ & Domestic Population

**ITA Overall HQ & Domestic Population**
**                ****Diversity Profile – February 2006 **

-               ITA Population:  _1439 _
-           (Includes 294 TP&USFCS employees serviced by NOAA ASCs)

## Feb 2006

**Diversity Profile by Program Unit**
**             ****2006 Year-to-Date **

## ITA’s RNO by Gender – February 2006

- ITA HQ & Domestic Population:  _1439_
-           (Includes 295 TP&USFCS employees serviced by NOAA ASCs)

## ITA HQ & Domestic Upper Grade Levels – February 2006

**ITA HQ & Domestic Upper Grade Levels – February 2006**

-                                  Total # GS-13 & Above:  _837_    (57.6 % of HQ & Domestic ITA Population)

- _Minority Group_:              _Total ITA Population_:      _#s  in Grades GS-13 and Above_:          _Percentage in upper grades_:
- Black                                               252                                           74                                                  29.3%
- White:                                             1057                                          695                                                65.7%
- Asian:		         82                                            40                                                  48.7%
- Hispanic:                                          60                                            30                                                  50%
- AmInd                                              01                                              0                                                     --

## ITA Veterans2006 Year-to-Date 

**ITA Disabled Employees****2006 Year-to-Date**

## ITA Diversity Comparison 

|  ITA YTD | 4.2% |
| --- | --- |
|  DOC | 3.5% |
|  CLF  | 12.6% |

|  ITA YTD | 53.6% |
| --- | --- |
|  DOC | 45.6% |
|  CLF  | 45.6% |

|  ITA YTD | 0.1% |
| --- | --- |
|  DOC | 0.6% |
|  CLF  | 0.6% |

|  ITA YTD | 5.5% |
| --- | --- |
|  DOC | 8.0% |
|  CLF  | 4.1% |

|  ITA YTD | 17.3% |
| --- | --- |
|  DOC | 16.9% |
|  CLF  | 10.1% |

|  ITA YTD | 7.0% |
| --- | --- |
|  DOC | 12.5% |
|  CLF  | 9.4% |

|  ITA YTD | 3.7% |
| --- | --- |
|  DOC | 3.6% |
|  Federal Rep.  | 7.0% |

**Hispanic**

**Women**

**Am Indian**

**Asian**

**Black**

**Veteran**

**Employees Disabled**

- _Source:_**  **
-     ITAOHRM
-   OPM 2006 Report to Congress  (FY2005)
-  OPM 2004 Report to Congress (Sep 2003 data)
-  OPM Annual Report on Employment of Veterans in Federal Government FY2004

- Red shading indicates under representation in a specific
- minority group.

- CLF:  Civilian Labor Force
# Presentation: 657812

## Flame Spread Across Thin Solids in Microgravity

**Flame spreads preferentially upstream, opposite that in 1g.**
- Paper centrally ignited in _very low_ speed opposed-air flows - 1 and 2 cm/s.

_**Flame Spread Across Thin Solids in Microgravity**_

**Quiescence weakens flammability, soot production and flame spread.  **
**Radiative loss (surface and flame) critically affects these behaviors.**
- Paper burning in 50%O2, 1.5 atm.

**Flow sustains flame to lower O2 concentration, flame spreads faster, and soot content increases.**
- Paper in _air_ flow of 5 and 10 cm/s.

**Partial gravity increases flamma-bility and flame spread rate.**
- Paper burning in lunar g.

**Solid Inflammability Boundary At Low-speed (SIBAL)**