# Presentation: 862358

## VHE -ray detectors in the Sierra Negra site

- Alberto Carramiñana
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica
- Future Gamma-ray Observatories
- Santa Fe, NM  12-May-2006

## Slide 2

## Slide 3

## Slide 4

## Sierra Negra &

- Citlaltepetl

- Cofre de Perote

- La Malinche

- Popo & Izta

- Elección sitio, 1997

- Nevado de Toluca

## Sierra 

**Sierra **
**Negra**

**Córdoba**

**Orizaba**

**Ciudad de México**

**Puebla**** **

- 100 km

## -ray astronomy with GTM/LMT: the synergy with GLAST

- _The history of (obscured) galaxy formation in the Universe:_   mm path to the EBL
- _3 mm VLBI_?                                  Imaging the Galactic center back hole
- _Gamma-ray bursts:_                               afterglows & host galaxies
- _Blazars: _                                      multiwavelength + IR background + formation of AGNs
- _Nearby galaxies:_                                     CO mapping  GLAST emission models

- _SEQUOIA_
- Array of 32 heterodyne receivers tunable between 80 and 115 GHz

- _AzTEC_      Bolometer camera
- (144)  continuum mapping at 1mm.

- _SPEED_
- Array of 4 frequency selective bolometers
-   simultaneous observations at 2.1,   1.4, 1.1 and 0.85mm.

- + redshifts receiver: has seen its first light

## Typical rms sensitivity   3 mJy.Hz1/2 

- Typical rms sensitivity   3 mJy.Hz1/2

## Consorcio Sierra Negra

- Sierra Negra:
- from 4.6 km (15,000 feet) altitude
- 19° latitude N
- 4.5 hrs drive from Mexico City;  2+ hr from Puebla.
- Consorcio SN = All experiments at Sierra Negra site
- GTM: the 50m millimeter telescope	        (INAOE & UMass)
- RT5: solar and ISM 5m radio telescope      (INAOE, IGeoUNAM, IAUNAM)
- Solar neutron monitor: in operation!            (IGeoUNAM)
- Antineutrones: in construction 	         (IFUNAM)
- Rayos cósmicos: operative; in expansion    (FCFM - BUAP)
- Seismological study of Citlaltepetl                (FI - BUAP)
*MiniHawc?*

## HE Solar neutron event at Sierra Negra

- Espectro de neutrones
- solares para el evento
- del 7 septiembre 2005

- I  E-3.9
- para E>100 MeV

## Interest for MiniHAWC in Mexican institutions

- _INAOE_
- Alberto Carramiñana (gamma astronomy - LMT synergy)
- Eduardo Mendoza (Sun, ISM)
- _UNAM: Inst. Astronomía_
- Magdalena González (GRBs)
- Dany Page (NS - th)
- William Lee (GRBs - th)
- Hector Hernández (opt. mw)
- _UNAM: Inst. Física:_
- Arturo Menchaca (CR - exp)
- Rubén Alfaro       (CR - exp)
- Andres Sandoval (CR - exp)
- Ernesto Belmont (CR - exp)

- _UNAM: I. Ciencias Nucleares:_
- Lukas Nelllen (AGN - Auger)
- G. Medina-Tanco (HECR)
- _UNAM: I. Geofísica:_
- José Valdés Galicia (Sun)
- Alejandro Lara (Sun)
- _Universidad de Puebla:_
- Humberto Salazar  (CR)
- Oscar Martínez   (CR astro)
- Cesar Álvarez  (CR astro)
- L. Díaz, Arturo Fernández
- _Universidad Michoacan:_
- Luis Villaseñor (CR - Auger)
- _CINVESTAV:_
- Arnulfo Zepeda (CR - Auger)
- _Universidad de Guanajuato:_
- David Delepine, Moreno, Napsuciale, Reyes, Ureña (particles)
- Andernach, Coziol, Migenes (astronomy dept)

## Citlaltepetl y Sierra Negra, marzo 2003

## 1 km

**1 km**

## MiniHawc: feasability

- Identified location at 4050m
- National Park authorities contacted and supportive (Consorcio SN promotes the National Park Management Plan).
- First quotation and study for bringing up water (at 10 l/s  4 months)
- Quotations for studies                              for demelting and digging                        the pond – in process

## Further possibilities

- A 4@4 in Sierra Negra (spot at 4.3km)
- San Pedro Mártir: very dark site in the Baja California;         at 2.8 km with the OAN facilities

- A deep search for dark, high duty cycle and extended sites above 2.5 - 3 km?     infrastructure development