# Presentation: 216759

## CRITICAL THINKING

- The Discipline
- 	The Skill
- 		The Art

## Assumptions 

- Purpose -Teach critical thinking process as it applies to   completing WIC nutritional counseling
- Assumes audience knows:
- Basic nutrition and risk factors
- Rules and requirements of WIC programs
- Data collection and processing techniques used to determine eligibility and provide participants with WIC benefits
- The method used enables the learner to understand critical thinking.
- Examples are not meant to display the ultimate counseling strategies or techniques used in assessment.

## Instructional Objective 1

- Upon completion of the critical thinking module the counselors will be able to:
- 	Define critical thinking in their own words
- 	Identify how critical thinking allows for 	   		  consideration of multiple factors when       problem-solving
- 	Describe the thought process used in the        critical thinking model

## Definitions 

- A disciplined process of organizing and synthesizing information to evaluate and to prioritize the information appropriately
- Critical thinking system must be applied to an *end*, a *goal*, a *reason* for designing a response

## Exercise One

- How we use critical thinking in our lives and work

## Purpose of Critical Thinking

- Our purpose of studying critical thinking is to apply critical thinking to design a superior nutritional intervention for WIC participants

## Process of Critical Thinking

**Integrating** **Facts**

**Autonomous ****Thinking**

**Observations**

**Informed ****Opinions**

**Active Listening**

**Questioning**

- Process of Critical Thinking

**Reach**
**Informed**
**Unbiased**
**Conclusions**

## Critical Thinking Pathway

**Identifies and extracts pertinent **
**information and data from all sources**

**Discard**
**irrelevant**** information**

**Know when to seek **
**additional**** information**
**and seek it**

**Make decisions about **
**participant risks**

**Develop counseling**
**intervention plan**

**Distinguish accurate**
**relevant**** information**

##  Critical Thinking Mind Map

-  Critical Thinking Mind Map

- • Written material
- • Interview answers
- • Participant history
- • Vital statistics
- • Mannerisms
- • Observation

-  **Information  **
**from **
**Participant**

- • Nutrition and Medical
-    knowledge
- • Life Skills
- • Interaction ability
- • Critical thinking
- • Education and training

- • Nutrition
- • Assumptions
- • Behavior
- • How WIC operates
- • What system requires
-    for participation

**Personal **
**Knowledge**

**WIC **
**Knowledge**

## Purpose: Reaffirming WIC Goal 

- Critical thinking requires a goal or purpose
- This will be to discuss the goal of the  WIC program.
- Once we reaffirm the purpose of WIC we will address the pattern of thought which applies to WIC counseling and assessment interventions.

## Exercise II

- Refer to Exercise II

## Instructional Objective 2

- After completing the critical thinking module, a WIC counselor should be able to:
-   •  Identify and apply critical thinking steps       to organize and synthesize information       received.
-   •   Evaluate what was received and       develop and prioritize a nutritional      intervention plan.

## Critical Thinking - Applied to a Nutritional Counseling Situation

- 1.	What is the purpose of meeting with this participant?
- 2.	What data or information do I need?   _Evaluate what you know about the participant_   Past history   Paper work submitted about participant   Data gained from observation
*The difference between what you know and what you need to know is called a “knowledge gap.”*
- 3.	How am I going to get the needed information?Create questions to gain the information needed.
- 4.	Ask the questions you have developed**.**

## Critical Thinking System – (cont’d)

- 5.	Using the responses to the questions, organize what you have learned...What conclusions or inferences can you make?
- 6.	Consider again your  main purpose. Do you have the knowledge to answer that? If not, probe deeper.
- 7.	Ask additional questions to clarify and get more detail.
- 8.	Evaluate the information collected and known. Use the information and identify appropriate conclusions.

##  Critical Thinking Mind Map

-  Critical Thinking Mind Map

- • Written material
- • Interview answers
- • Participant history
- • Vital statistics
- • Mannerisms
- • Observation

-  **Information  **
**from **
**Participant**

- • Nutrition and Medical
-    knowledge
- • Life Skills
- • Interaction ability
- • Critical thinking
- • Education and training

- • Nutrition
- • Assumptions
- • Behavior
- • How WIC operates
- • What system requires
-    for participation

**Personal **
**Knowledge**

**WIC **
**Knowledge**

## Exercise 3

**Video Scenario: **
- Instructions will be given in Exercise 3 of what to observe in the video.

## Summary: Critical Thinking Competencies

- Use of critical thinking systems, processes, pathways and mind maps will allow you to:
- •  Collect all relevant information before drawing    conclusions and deciding upon the best course   of action
- •  Ask additional questions to clarify information    or gather more details
- •  Recognize factors that contribute to the   identified nutrition problems
- •  Recognize and discard superfluous information

## Summary: Critical Thinking Competencies (cont’d)

- •  Consider the participant's point of view about    nutrition, health priorities, needs, and concerns
- •  Identify relationships between behaviors/   practices and nutritional risks
- •  Check accuracy of inconsistent or unusual   measurements and referral data according to    your state agency policy
- •  Identify factors that influence the accuracy of    measurements taken and document them.    Take appropriate action with the measurements    according to policy

## Summary: Critical Thinking Competencies (cont’d)

- •  Draw conclusions about nutritional status    supported by objective data, observations,    experience, and reasoning
- •  Prioritizes nutrition problems to be addressed

- Source: VENA  A Guide to the Art and Science of WIC Nutrition Assessment, p.124