# Presentation: 608576

## Making the LHC Happen--The Fitness Function of the LHC in Pseudo-Evolutionary Terms

**Joe Dehmer**
**Division of Physics, NSF**
**April APS Meeting**
**14 April 2007**

## Discovery Science at the Energy Frontier

**Stunning Science**
**Higgs boson (origin of mass)**
**Supersymmetry (new class of particles)**
**Extra spatial dimensions**
**Dark matter (and dark energy)**
**Surpass “energy reach” of Tevatron by 7x (to 14 TeV)**
**International partnership**
**U.S. investment about 10% (of $6B)**
**U.S. participation about 20% (of 3000+)**
**Top Priority of EPP 2010 Report (NRC, May 2006) is  to “Fully exploit opportunities afforded by...LHC”**

## Computational Challenge across Continents

**Computational Challenge across Continents**

## Large Hadron Collider at CERN

**34 Agencies fund**** ****ATLAS**
**31 Agencies fund**** ****CMS**
**Billion-dollar detectors**

**TOTEM**

**LHCb**

**ALICE**

**27 km Tunnel in Switzerland & France**

**CMS**

**ATLAS**

**Large Hadron Collider at CERN**

## CMS

**CMS**

**ATLAS**

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## LHC GRID Computing Tier Structure

**New York Times**** ****:** **“To users [at Universities], thousands of computers and millions of gigabytes of data will look like one single computing engine of unprecedented power.”**

-    **University **

**University Regional Tier 2 Center**

**LHC GRID Computing Tier Structure**

**PCs**

## BROADER IMPACTS

**QUARKNET****	****(high school teachers and students)**
**U Michigan REU at CERN (undergrads, high percentage of underrepresented groups)**
**Significant role for Hampton U. (gateway for HBCUs), and Florida International University (gateway for S. America)**
**GRID, Tier 2 centers at universities**
**Push limits of technology, industry **
**International Collaboration**

## U.S. LHC:  DOE/NSF Partnership

**U.S. contributions to construction: $531M**
**$450M (DOE) + $81M (NSF awards to university PIs)**
**Three components**
**Accelerator:  $200M (DOE)**
**ATLAS and CMS: $250M (DOE) + $81M (NSF)**
**NSF construction funding complete**
**Components built, being assembled and on schedule for first collisions in 2007**

## Analyzing Complex Systems

_**Adam Smith, 1776**_
**Land, labor, and capital**
_**Solow (exogenous), Romer (endogenous) etc, 1970-90**_
**Similar set of bounded resource factors**
**The role of **_**knowledge**_** (the unbounded resource)**
_**Complexity Economics, 2006**_
**Physical technology, social “technology,” e.g., banking system, stock market, federal reserve, free press, laws/regulations, & **_**business models**_
_**Fitness function of large science projects**_
**Knowledge capital (standing on the shoulders, traffic jam, fished out, etc.)...discovery potential continues to grow!**
**Physical technology**
_**Social technology**_**, e.g., peer review, science policy, democracy/politics, agencies, collaborations, WBS, international competition/cooperation, cultures, ethics (quiz...then, what is GRID)**

## Fitness Factors for LHC

**Targets major, transformational discoveries**
**Clear science goal and wide acceptance**
**Pushing frontier of multiple technologies**
**Stable budget, scope, good cost minimization**
**Organizing large international collaborations**

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## Fitness Factors for LHC

**Targets major, transformational discoveries**
**Clear science goal and wide acceptance**
**Pushing frontier of multiple technologies**
**Stable budget, scope, good cost minimization**
**Organizing large international collaborations**
**Forming effective interagency/international project management system**

## DOE

**DOE**

**NSF**

- Communication and Coordination

- Program direction and Reporting

## Fitness Factors for LHC

**Targets major, transformational discoveries**
**Clear science goal and wide acceptance**
**Pushing frontier of multiple technologies**
**Stable budget, scope, good cost minimization**
**Organizing large international collaborations**
**Forming effective interagency/international project management system**
**Excellent alignment with governments, robust funding model, strong, committed host lab, insensitive to changes in government officials**

## Important Fitness Indicators for Large Projects

**Dynamite science goals, vetted/prioritized by community**
**Proven technology (1)**
**Stable scope (2)**
**Stable funding (3)**
**“****Alignment” at each level of government within agency(ies) and between branches, with science policy priorities (ACI, benefit to public), with relevant agency processes**
**Stable partnerships among appropriate entities, with international scope above some cost threshold**
**Strong managing partner**
**Socialization with broader scientific community**
**Adequate understanding and tacit support by public**
**Generally favorable budget climate and some luck**

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