# Presentation: 030740

## Nuclear Physics Program

**RHIC/AGS Users Meeting**
**June 2006**

**Dennis Kovar**
**Associate Director of the Office of Science**
**for Nuclear Physics**

## U.S Nuclear Physics Program Provides World Leadership Capabilities Today

**DOE SC NP has lead Federal responsibility for nuclear physics research**
- Provides over 90% of Federal support
- Primary Builder/Operator of Facilities:  National User & University Facilities
- Primary supporter of research community (60% of university researchers)
- Works closely with NSF to develop a coordinated US program
**Today U.S. NP program is a leader or among the leader and is defining the field**
- World leaders in two major subfields (hot, dense nuclear matter/quark structure of matter)
- Among the leaders in other subfields (nuclear structure/astrophysics & neutrino science)
- Has identified the opportunities to address the forefront questions
**Scientific opportunities for nuclear physics today are compelling**
- Fundamental questions are still not answered
- Advances in accelerator/detector/computing technologies have put the answers within reach
- These discoveries and advancements will have significant impact on other scientific fields
**Foreign investments made and planned challenge this U.S. leadership in the future**
- Heavy ion LHC (CERN)/FAIR (Germany)  RHIC  (heavy ions)	Hot, dense nuclear matter
- FAIR (Germany)/J-PARC (Japan)		 CEBAF/RHIC (protons)     	Quark Structure of Matter
- FAIR (Germany)/RIKEN (Japan)		 ATLAS/HRIBF/(MSU)       	Nuclear Structure/Astrophysics
- 	ISAC (Canada)/SPIRAL II (France)

## DOE SC NP Program supports Research ( 85 universities and 6 National Laboratories)Facility operations (4 User Facilities and  8 Centers)

**LBNL**

**WASH**

**LANL**

**ORNL**

**ANL**

**TAMU**

**TUNL**

**TJNAF**

**BNL**

**YALE**

**MIT**

**UNIVERSITIES**

**DOE SC NP Program supports ****Research ( 85 universities and 6 National Laboratories)****Facility operations (4 User Facilities and  8 Centers)**

- User Facilities

- Facilities/Centers

**LLNL**

## NP Program Facilities/Centers/Program

**NP Program Facilities/Centers/Program**

_**National User Facilities**_
- Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC/BNL)			HE heavy ions, polarized protons
- Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF/TJNAF) 	Polarized electron beams
- Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF/ORNL)		LE unstable and stable heavy ions
- Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator Facility (ATLAS/ANL)		LE stable and unstable heavy ions
_**Centers of Excellence**_
- Triangle University Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL/Duke)		LE light ions, neutrons, photons
- Texas A&M Cyclotron Laboratory (TAMU)			LE/ME light and heavy ions
- Yale University Tandem Laboratory (Yale)			LE light and heavy ions
- LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron (LBNL/UCB)			LE/ME light and heavy ions
- Center for Experimental Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics (U. Wash)           R&D and project infrastructure
- MIT Research and Engineering Center (MIT)			R&D and project infrastructure
- Institute for Nuclear Theory (U. Wash)			DOE Nuclear Theory Center
- National Nuclear Data Center (BNL)				Coordinates U.S. ND program
_**Experiments**_
- Non-NP Facilities: NSLS/BNL, HERA/DESY			photons, electrons
- 		          LANSCE/LANL, Tevatron/FNAL		cold neutrons, accelerator neutrinos
- Non-accelerator:    SNO, KamLAND,				solar and reactor neutrinos
_**University/National Laboratory Research Program**_
- Researchers (permanent & temporary/postdocs)			~ 1200 Ph.D.s
- Students						~ 450 graduates & ~200 undergraduates
- 							~ 80 PhD Degrees/year

## NP National User Facilities

**CEBAF Jefferson Laboratory**

**RHIC Brookhaven National Laboratory**

**NP National User Facilities**
**serve an international community **

**HRIBF**

**	****	****       ****Number of Users****	**
_**Facility**_*** *****	****	**_**  U.S.   **_**   **_**Non-U.S.**_**	**_**Total**_
**RHIC ****	****	****~ 600****	****~ 500****	****~1100**
**CEBAF****	****	****~ 800****	****~ 400****	****~1200**
**ATLAS****	****	****~ 200****	****~ 180****	****~  380**
**HRIBF****	****	**_**~ 150**_**	**_**~   80**_**	**_**~  230**_
**	****                ****~ 1750        ~1160****	****~2910**

## Budget Context and Outlook

- For FY 2006 the Nuclear Physics program experienced a -9.0% reduction (Office of Science had a -4.4% reduction) compared to FY 2005.
- Impact of FY 2006 funding on the DOE SC Nuclear Physics program has been significant.
- Significant reduction in running time at facilities (without a significant contribution from the private sector there would have been no running at RHIC)
- Reduction in support for researchers and graduate/undergraduate students.
- NSAC guidance was sought and obtained on scientific opportunities, options and priorities for an optimum U.S. nuclear physics program under constrained budgets.
- The FY 2007 Congressional Budget Request provides a significant increase for Nuclear Physics.
- In the context of the Administration’s plan to double the funding in ten years for the physical sciences (DOE SC, NSF and NIST), there is the opportunity for Nuclear Physics to implement a world-class program.

**Budget ****Context and Outlook**

## FY 2006 Appropriations

**Budget Request:****	****$370.4M (-8.4% : $34M less than FY 2005)**
**Outyear Guidance:****	****Flat or reduced funding**
-   Program was not sustainable at these funding levels
-   Required a significant restructuring and descoping
-   NSAC provided guidance for strongest U.S. program with projected funding
**Appropriations (after rescission):****	****$367.0M (-9.0%:  $37M less than FY 2005)**
-   What has happened/is happening in FY 2006?
-   Research operating overall reduced by ~ 5%
- University grants mitigated by carryover/budget period changes
- Laboratory groups mitigated by redirection of funds
-   Facility Operation overall reduced by ~ 14%
- All facilities run less (RHIC unable to run without $13M contribution)
- All facilities have reductions in forces (but less than anticipated)
-   Continued investments for future
- GRETINA, FNPB, STAR TOF and RHIC AIP EBIS
- R&D for proposed CEBAF 12 GeV Upgrade, RHIC II and exotic beam capabilities

## FY 2006 Nuclear Physics Appropriations

- 			          (millions of dollars)
- 			 _ __FY04_	_  FY05_          _ FY06_
- University Research		    56.2	    58.0	     55.4    	(-4.5%)
- Laboratory Research		    63.7	    66.4	     63.7	(-4.1%)
- SciDAC and LQCD		      2.5	      2.5	       2.0	(-20%)
- Research Cap. Equip.		  _    7.5_	  _    5.8_	   _    8.5_
-    <Research>		  129.9	  132.7	   129.6	(-2.3%)
- RHIC			  120.5	  130.6	   115.5	(-11.6%)
- CEBAF			    74.8	    75.1	     65.2	(-13.2%)
- LE Facilities		    23.6	    24.9	     22.7	(-8.8%)
- MIT/Bates		 	  _  12.5_	  _    9.4_	    _   2.5_
-    <Operations>		  231.4	  240.0	   205.9	(-14.2%)
- 12 GeV Upgrade R&D 		      0.7	      2.3	        4.5
- RIA/Exotic Beam R&D	  _    5.9_	   _   6.4_	        _4.0_
-    <Facilities Initiatives>	      6.6	      8.7	        8.5	(-2.3%)
- RHIC EBIS (AIP)		   _    -   _	    _    -  _	     _   2.0_
-    <Construction>		      0.0	      0.0	        2.0
-    <Stewardship>		  _  21.7_    	    _ 22.0_	     _  21.0_	(-4.5%)
- Nuclear Physics Base		  389.6	   403.4	     367.0	(-9.0 %)
-     <Katrina Supplement>	  _    -    _	   _    1.4_	     _    -   _
- Nuclear Physics Total	   	  389.6	   404.8	     367.0

## FY 2007 Congressional Budget Request

**FY 2007 Congressional Budget Request**

**  ****SC Budget Request is +$505M (+14.4%) above FY 2006 Appropriations**
**  ****NP Budget Request is  + $87M (+23.7%) above FY 2006 Appropriations**** **

## President’s American Competitiveness Initiative

**President’s American Competitiveness Initiative**

- “We must continue to lead the world in human talent and creativity.  Our greatest advantage in the world has always been our educated, hardworking, ambitious people -- and we're going to keep that edge.  Tonight I announce an American Competitiveness Initiative, to encourage innovation throughout our economy, and to give our nation's children a firm grounding in math and science.”

- “First, I propose to double the federal commitment to the most critical basic research programs in the physical sciences over the next 10 years.  This funding will support the work of America's most creative minds as they explore promising areas such as nanotechnology, supercomputing, and alternative energy sources.”

## Goals of the Program

**For U.S. to be a **_**among world leaders in nuclear physics**_** and **_**achieve significant outcomes**_**:**
- Identify the most compelling scientific opportunities using the scientific community
- Design and build the facilities and tools that will address these opportunities
- Support the research community and operate the facilities/tools to deliver significant outcomes
**This leads to specific priorities for the U.S. NP program at this time:**
- Operate and proceed with upgrades of RHIC and CEBAF to achieve their scientific goals
- Implement a plan to remain among the leaders in nuclear structure/astrophysics studies
- Implement capabilities to address high priority, high-impact scientific opportunities

## Funding in the SC 10-yearexercise supports these goals

- Operate and proceed with upgrades of RHIC and CEBAF
- Operate the facilities and support the research community
- Proceed with CEBAF and RHIC upgrades
- Participate in the heavy ion program at LHC/CERN
- Implement a plan to remain among the leaders in nuclear structure/astrophysics
- Operate the facilities and support the research community
- Allow U.S. researchers to do forefront science
-          (ATLAS and HRIBF accelerator/detector upgrades)
- (Complete GRETINA detector)
-          (Experimental equipment at facilities with forefront exotic beam capabilities)
- Start construction of a U.S. exotic beam facility at end of this 5-year period
- Implement the capabilities to address high priority scientific opportunities
- Fundamental neutron properties (tests of Standard Model) at the FNPB at SNS
- Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay experiment (mass/character of neutrino)
- Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD) with lattice gauge calculations
- Next-generation nuclear physics research capabilities with accelerator R&D
- Nuclear data measurements and code development for next generation nuclear reactors

## Nucleon-Degrees of Freedom 
               (Nuclear Structure/Astrophysics) 	             
What binds protons and neutrons into stable & unstable nuclei
What is the origin of simple patterns in complex nuclei? 
When/how did the elements from iron to uranium originate? 
What causes stars to explode? 

Quark-Degrees of Freedom 
            (Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD)	)
What is the nature of the quark-gluon matter of the early universe and what transitions led to protons and neutrons? 
Where is the glue that binds quarks into strongly interacting particles, and what are its properties?
What is the internal structure of the proton? 
What does QCD predict for the properties of nuclear matter? 

Fundamental Symmetries/Neutrinos 
                  (Test of “Standard Model”)	
What are the masses of neutrinos and how have they shaped the evolution of the universe? 

Why is there more matter than antimatter? 

**Nucleon-Degrees of Freedom **
_**               **__**(Nuclear Structure/Astrophysics) **__**	**__             _
- What binds protons and neutrons into stable & unstable nuclei
- What is the origin of simple patterns in complex nuclei?
- When/how did the elements from iron to uranium originate?
- What causes stars to explode?
**Quark-Degrees of Freedom **
_**            **__**(Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD)**__**	**__**)**_
- What is the nature of the quark-gluon matter of the early universe and what transitions led to protons and neutrons?
- Where is the glue that binds quarks into strongly interacting particles, and what are its properties?
- What is the internal structure of the proton?
- What does QCD predict for the properties of nuclear matter?
**Fundamental Symmetries/Neutrinos **
_**                  **__**(Test of “Standard Model”)**__**	**_
- What are the masses of neutrinos and how have they shaped the evolution of the universe?
- Why is there more matter than antimatter?

_**     **__**Major Tools Today **__**	**_	_     __**Major Future Tool**__**	**_
- ATLAS, HRIBF (NCLS/MSU)	Exotic Beam Accelerator
- University accelerators		Exotic Beam Investments
- Gammasphere			GRETINA
- SciDAC			SciDAC
- RHIC (STAR/PHENIX)		RHIC II (Detector Upgrades)
- 			HI LHC
- SciDAC			LQCD & SciDAC
- CEBAF 			12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade
- _Neutrinos_
- SNO, KamLAND, MiniBooNE	Double Beta Decay
- _Neutron Properties_
- LANSCE expts		SNS expts (nEDM)

## DOE SC NP Program in FY 2007

- 12 GeV Upgrade Project PED
- RHIC EBIS Construction

- Users Facilities Operate at near
- Optimum levels

- Instrumentation projects are
- continued and started

- University and Laboratory
- research efforts are restored

- Accelerator R&D supported

- FY 2007 Budget Request supports a strong productive program that develops needed research capabilities
- Facility Operations continue to take lion’s share of budget (~55% )
- Important investment for RHIC, CEBAF and high priority scientific opportunities
- Research efforts are restored & accelerator R&D (RHIC II and exotic beam facility) supported

## FY 2007 Budget Request

- 		 Request
- _Subprograms_	 _FY 2007_
- Medium Energy (ME)	    129.8	      Quark Structure of Matter
- Heavy Ions (HI)    	    205.0 	      Hot, Dense Nuclear Matter
- Low Energy (LE)	      83.9	      Nuclear Structure/Astrophysics/Symmetries
- Nuclear Theory (TH)	     _ 35.3_	      All NP areas plus Nuclear Data
- 		    454.0

- Two of the Scientific Thrusts Dominate the Budget

- Facility Operations Dominate Budget

## Planning Processes

-   DOE/NSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC): [new _Long Range Plan]_
-   Other bodies (National Academy of Sciences, APS, etc.): [_RIA Scientific Assessment]_
-   Laboratory Facility Program Advisory Committees (PACs), etc.
**Strategic Plan and Priorities developed within the Office of Science**
-   5-year plans and priorities for new research capabilities
**Administration Priorities and Interagency Planning **
-   Annual OMB/OSTP Research Priorities/President’s Management Agenda
-   American Competitive Initiative
-   OSTP Interagency Working Groups: [_Physics of the Universe &High Energy Density Physics]_
**International Coordination**
-    Extensive collaboration occurs through various international agreements
-    1999 MegaScience Nuclear Physics Working Group Report
-    On-going Global Science Working Group on Nuclear Physics  [_Report 2008_]

**Planning Processes**

##                Charges to NSAC

**The time is appropriate to begin a new long range planning exercise. **
- The 2002 LRP is serving the nuclear physics community well, but five years since develop
- The President has set a budgetary framework for the physical sciences into the next decade.
- A charge will be presented in the summer 2006 for a report by October 2007.
**A joint NSAC/HEPAP subcommittee (NuSAG) was formed to provide an assessment of opportunities identified by the recent APS study of neutrinos.**
- NuSAG reports to the DOE/NSF thru NSAC and HEPAP, and is constituted for two years.
- NuSAG has prepared two reports:
-  On neutrinoless double beta decay (September 2005).
-  On reactor- and accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments (March 2006).
- DOE and NSF are requesting NuSAG to address an additional charge element, the APS Study’s recommendation for a next-generation neutrino beam and detector configuration.
**The DOE will request that NSAC appoint a Committee of Visitors to examine the management and execution of the DOE nuclear physics program by the Office of Nuclear Physics.**
- Charge will be presented in the summer 2006; for COV review before end of 2006.

## Nuclear Physics Office Activities

**FY 2006 NP Outstanding Junior Investigators (OJI):**
- Prof. Sean Fleming 		University of Arizona
- Prof. Joseph Formaggio 	MIT
- Prof. Michael Zingale 	State University of New York/Stony Brook
**Nuclear Physics Brochure**
- What is nuclear physics  and why do it?
**Workshop on NP and Computational R&D relevant to The Advanced Fuel Cycle**
- August 10-11, 2006 : Bethesda, MD
**Office of Nuclear Physics (NP)**
- Division Director positions have been filled
- Gene Henry 		-   Physics Research Division
- Jehanne Simon-Gillo	-   Facility and Project Management Division
- Program Manager for Advanced Technologies and R&D - Manouchehr Farkhondeh (Feb. 2006)
- Two new vacancies:
- Program Manager for Low Energy Nuclear Physics (to be advertised soon)
- Program Manager for Nuclear Physics Instrumentation (advertised now)
- Three new detailees: David Lee (LANL):  Wlodek Guryn (BNL):  Fred Bertrand (ORNL)
**Please contact our office if interested in Detailee/IPA position**

## Workshop on Nuclear Physics 

**Workshop on Nuclear Physics **
**and related Computational Science R&D**
** ****for Reactor Advanced Fuel Cycles**

- Purpose: 		Detail the need for R&D in nuclear physics and related computational
- 		science required to support the President’s initiative for research on 			advanced fuel cycles.
- Workshop to address: 	R&D need from reactor specialist viewpoint
- 		Measurements, facilities, instrumentation
- 		Nuclear Data and co-variances
- 		Nuclear theory and computational needs
- Date/Location:	August 10-11, 2006.  Hyatt Hotel, Bethesda, MD
- Co-chairs:  		Lee Schroeder (LBNL), Rusty Lusk (ANL)
- 		 _[lsschroeder@lbl.gov](mailto:lsschroeder@lbl.gov)_;  _lusk@mcs.anl.gov_
- FY 2007 Budget:  	$2.4 M in Nuclear Physics to provide R&D for AFC
- 		Proposal solicitation in fall, 2006
- 		(ONP contact: Gene Henry _[Gene.Henry@science.doe.gov](mailto:Gene.Henry@science.doe.gov)_)

## Office of Nuclear Physics

*** **    **Detailee/IPA**** **

**Dennis Kovar, ****Director**
**Cathy Slaughter, ****Administrative Specialist**

**Office of Nuclear Physics**

_**Nuclear Theory &**_
_** **__**Nuclear Data**_
**Sidney A. Coon **

_**Director’s Office Staff**_
***Detailee/ IPA (vacant)**
**Cathy Hanlin, ****Program Analyst**
** ****Brenda May, ****Program Support Specialist**

_**Physics Research Division**__**      **_
**Eugene Henry, ****Director**
**Christine Izzo,**** ****Program Support Assistant**

_**Facilities & Project Management Division**_
**Jehanne Simon-Gillo, ****Director **
** ****Cassie Dukes, ****Program Support Specialist **

_**Medium Energy Nuclear Physics**_
**Brad Tippens**

_**Low Energy Nuclear Physics**_
**  ****Physicist (vacant)**
***  Fred Bertrand (Detailee)**** **

_**Heavy Ion Nuclear Physics**_
**Gulshan Rai**

_**Advance Technology Research and Development **_
** ****Manouchehr Farkhondeh**

_**Laboratory Operations**_
**  ****James Hawkins**

_**Nuclear Physics Instrumentation**_
** **** ****Physicist (vacant)**
***David Lee (Detailee)**

_**Facility Management**_
*** Wlodek Guryn (Detailee)**

**Office of Nuclear Physics**

- Program Manager
- Positions

## Backup

## DOE NP Program in FY 2007

**FY 2007 Budget Request for NP ($454M) allows for effective utilization of the**
**program’s scientific facilities and makes important investments for the future**
- University and Laboratory research efforts are restored to approximately FY 2005 levels.
- Restoration of support for PhD researchers and students
- Support for SciDAC is increased
- Enhanced efforts in nuclear data/measurements relevant to nuclear power
- National User Facilities (RHIC, CEBAF, ATLAS and HRIBF) operate at near optimum levels.
- Important instrumentation projects are continued and started:
- Detector (STAR and PHENIX) and accelerator (EBIS) upgrades at RHIC
- Heavy-ion detector upgrade at LHC/CERN
- GRETINA
- FNPB and EDM experiment at SNS
- Lattice Gauge QCD (LQCD) Initiative (with HEP)
- The 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade Project has obtained CD-1 approval.
-  Project Engineering and Design (PED) is supported in FY 2007
- R&D that address next generation capabilities is supported:
- Superconducting radio-frequency developments at TJNAF
- Electron cooling at RHIC to reach higher beam luminosities
- No RIA R&D, but R&D at FY 2006 level to develop exotic beam capabilities

## FY 2007 Nuclear Physics Budget Request(millions of dollars)

- 			 	                  Request
- 			 _ __FY05_	_  FY06_         _ FY07_       _vs FY06_     _vs FY05_
- Research Operating		  134.3	  125.1	   146.5    	*+17.1%**	**+ 9.1%*
- Research Cap. Equip.		  _    6.2_	 _     8.5_	   _  14.5_	*+70.6%**	**+134%*
-    <Research>		  140.5	  133.6	   161.0	*+20.5%**	**+14.6%*
- RHIC			  130.6	  115.5	   143.3	*+24.1%**	**+  9.7%*
- CEBAF			    75.1	    65.2	     77.5	*+19.9%**	**+  3.3%*
- HRIBF			    11.7	    10.9	     13.7	*+23.7%**	**+15.6%*
- ATLAS			    10.2	      8.8	     12.4	*+40.3%**	**+22.4%*
- 88-Inch Cyclotron		      3.0	      3.0	       3.1	*+ 4.5%**	**+  4.5%*
- MIT/Bates		 	   _   9.4_	  _    2.5_	   _    2.0_
-    <Facility Operations>	  240.0	  205.9	   252.1	*+22.7%**	**+ 5.0%*
- 12 GeV Upgrade R&D/PED	     2.3	      4.5	        9.5
- EBIS (RHIC)		  _      - _	   _   2.0_	     _   7.5_
-    <Construction>		     2.3	      6.5	      17.0	*+165%**	**+313%*
- Other (GPP/SBIR/etc)		   _ 22.0_	    _ 21.0_	     _  24.0_
-    <Stewardship>		    22.0    	     21.0	       24.0	*+14.3%**	**+9.1%*
- Nuclear Physics Total		  404.8	   367.0	     454.1	*+23.7%**	**+12.2%*
- 						   *	**       *

## FY 2007 Budget RequestResearch

- 			 	                  Request
- 			 _ __FY05_	_  FY06_         _ FY07_       _vs FY06_     _vs FY05_
- _Research_
- Universities		    58.0	    55.4	     63.1    	*+13.9%**	**+ 8.8%*
- Laboratories		    67.5	    63.7	     74.0	*+16.2%**	**+ 9.6%*
-   SciDAC & LQCD		      2.5	      2.0	       3.0
-   Exotic Beam R&D		      6.4	      4.0	       4.0
-   Enhanced R&D for NE	  _     -   _	 _       -  _	   _    2.4_
- Operating Subtotal 	  134.3	  125.1	   146.5	*+17.1%**	**+9.1%*
- _Research Capital Equipment_
- GRETINA			      2.5	      3.0	       3.9
- FNPB			      1.2	      1.9	       1.5
- STAR TOF			        -	      2.4	       2.4
- PHENIX VTX		        -	        -	       2.0
- HI LHC			        -	        -	       1.0
- nEDM			        -	        -	       1.3
- University CE		      1.5	      0.8	       0.9
- Laboratory CE	 	   _   1.1_	  _    0.4_	   _    1.5_
- Capital Equip Subtotal	      6.2	      8.5	     14.5	*+70.6%**	**+134%*
- Research Subtotal	  140.5	   133.6	    161.0	*+20.0%**	**+14.6%*
- 						   *	**       *