BEE-spoke-data/govdocs1-by-extension huggingface dataset:
# Presentation: 305676

## Ferromagnets can be used to both generate and detect magnetic fields. We have discovered a new class of intermetallic magnets in which ferromagnetism can be switched off by application of a modest external field.  This phenomenon could be useful for spintronic applications, or as the basis for magnetic field sensors. However, new materials must be found in which this phenomenon occurs at useful temperatures.  To guide us in this search, we use a variety of measurements, including neutron scattering, to determine whether the layered structure of these materials, or their low density of electrons are responsible for the unusual sensitivity of these materials to magnetic fields. 

- Ferromagnets can be used to both generate and detect magnetic fields. We have discovered a new class of intermetallic magnets in which ferromagnetism can be switched off by application of a modest external field.  This phenomenon could be useful for spintronic applications, or as the basis for magnetic field sensors. However, new materials must be found in which this phenomenon occurs at useful temperatures.  To guide us in this search, we use a variety of measurements, including neutron scattering, to determine whether the layered structure of these materials, or their low density of electrons are responsible for the unusual sensitivity of these materials to magnetic fields.

- Arrangement of atoms in  hexagonal CeRhBi
- (ZrNiAl-type).  Ce(black), Rh (green) and Bi  purple).

- Sharp anomaly in heat capacity (left) marks onset of ferromagnetic
-  order,  suppressed to zero temperature in an external field of 2 Tesla
- (right).

## Societal Impact:

**Education:**
- Two undergraduate students (William Gannon and Tony Smith) contributed to this program.  Tony Smith is currently a graduate student in Applied Physics at the University of Michigan and William Gannon is performing scientific lobbying work in Washington DC, prior to graduate work in Physics in 2006. This work forms the basis of Marcus Bennett’s thesis, which should be awarded in the upcoming year.

**Societal ****Impact:**
- Our work seeks to explicate the factors which determine the temperatures  at which materials become ferromagnetic, generating magnetic fields which can be used for applications as diverse as magnetic data storage and recovery, electrical motors, and advanced sensors, including novel magnetic stains and probes for medical use.  This understanding is used to guide the rational synthesis of new materials, with enhanced properties, especially at the onset of ferromagnetism.  A number of national facilities, such as neutron scattering centers and the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory are used in this work. One of our primary contributions is the education of new scientific users with the skills to use these facilities, and to prepare novel materials to support the experiments of other researchers.

- William Gannon
- UM Physics 2005

- Tony Smith
- UM Physics 2005

- Marcus Bennett
- UM Physics PhD 2006
# Presentation: 821164

## Planetary Data System Management Council MeetingWashington, DC, November 29-30, 2006

**2006 PDS Statistics**

|  | SBN
Select | ATM
Request | GEO
Access | RINGS | IN
Hits | EN
Hits | PPI
Request | NAIF
Access |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jan | 69009 | 285315 | 5926 | 13041 | 211822 | 3531835 | 4042  | 13320 |
| Feb | 90791 | 869454 | 42381 | 14668 | 123934 | 3681429 | 11389  | 18798 |
| Mar | 108240 | 394722 | 44708 | 19284 | 654933 | 3965065 | 5101  | 16709 |
| Apr | 93124 | 304942 | 7193 | 14381 | 534625 | 4009115 | 3119  | 5147 |
| May | 69822 | 224235 | 1154 | 17284 | 349584 | 4202052 | 9183  | 8391 |
| Jun | 51456 | 172755 | 24740 | 12212 | 284579 | 4381671 | 4136  | 14246 |
| Jul | 28119 | 269239 | 5193 | 73246 | 1140712 | 4774972 | 4195  | 12284 |
| Aug | 70549 | 284692 | 59951 | 13092 | 563783 | 5089085 | 3441  | 11331 |
| Sep | 123543 | 335605 | 43447 | 16521 | 308109 | 5201925 | 5346  | 15976 |
| Oct | 74085 | 340452 | 23947 | 13466 | 784888 | 5446205 | 4026  | 19099 |

## Planetary Data System Management Council MeetingWashington, DC, November 29-30, 2006

**2006 PDS Statistics – DPS Fall Meeting Oct 8-13, 2006**

|  | SBN
Select | ATM
Request | GEO
Access | RINGS | IN
Hits | EN
Hits | PPI
Request | NAIF
Access |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9/4-9/10 |  |  |  | 3234 |  |  |  |  |
| 9/11-9/17 |  |  |  | 6437 |  |  |  |  |
| 9/18-9/24 |  |  |  | 2928 |  |  |  |  |
| 9/25-10/01 |  |  |  | 3157 |  |  |  |  |
| 10/2-10/8 |  |  |  | 4626 |  |  |  |  |
| 10/9-10/15 |  |  |  | 2406 |  |  |  |  |
| 10/16-10/22 |  |  |  | 2909 |  |  |  |  |
| 10/23-10/29 |  |  |  | 2051 |  |  |  |  |

## Planetary Data System Management Council MeetingWashington, DC, November 29-30, 2006

-              **PDS Statistics**
**DPS Meeting Followup**
**Still  in progress**
# Presentation: 245954

## M/V Crown PrincessHeeling Accident

- Accident Overview
- Board Meeting, January 10, 2008

## Presentation Outline

- Ship and accident location
- Accident summary
- Animation video
- Safety issues
- Staff
- Parties

## M/V Crown Princess

**Length**:   947 ft
**Breadth**: 118 ft
**Speed**:   21.5 kt
**Built**:     Italy, 2006
**Flag**:       Bermuda

**Propulsion**: diesel electric, twin screw
**Tonnage**:  113,561
**Passengers**: 3285
**Crew**:            1260

- Princess Cruises

## Accident Location

## Accident Summary

- 10-day round trip from New York to Caribbean
- 1430 - Captain takes conn,  pilot away
- 1501 - Autopilot engaged
- 1503 - Heading fluctuations, rudder limit alarms
- 1507 – 1513 - Autopilot adjustments

## Accident Summary

- 10-day round trip from New York to Caribbean
- 1430 - Captain takes conn,  pilot away
- 1501 - Autopilot engaged
- 1503 - Heading fluctuations, rudder limit alarms
- 1507 – 1513 - Autopilot adjustments

## Accident Summary (cont’d)

- 1513 - 60 degree port turn starts
- 1518 - Captain turns over conn to second officer
- 1522 - Port turn completed, heading fluctuations resume
- 1522 - Captain & staff captain leave bridge
- 1524 - Second officer notices high turn rate, shifts to manual steering

## Accident Summary (cont’d)

- 1525 - Senior officers return to bridge
- 1525 - Maximum heel angle
- 1527 - Ship back to even keel
- 1836 - Ship alongside pier

## Animation - Preview

## Exclusions

- Propulsion and steering
- Wind and sea conditions
- Crew fatigue
- Illegal drugs or alcohol impairment

## Safety Issues

- Actions of second officer
- Actions of captain and staff captain
- Training in use of integrated navigation systems
- Reporting of heeling incidents
- Emergency response

## Staff Contributing

- Tom Roth-Roffy
- Liam LaRue
- Brian Curtis
- Barry Strauch
- Charlotte Cox
- Mariette Burer

- Dennis Crider
- Doug Brazy
- Dennis Grossi
- Jim Cash
- Kristin Poland
- John O’Callaghan
- Alice Park
- Christy Spangler
- Mitch Garber
- Tom Jacky

## Parties to Investigation

- U.S. Coast Guard
- Princess Cruises
- SAM Electronics
- Flag state representative
- Bermuda Maritime Administration

## Staff Presentations

- Engineering factors
- INS, shallow water effects, heel angle estimate, VDR
- Vessel dynamics
- Sideslip, rudder lag
- Human factors
- Crew actions, INS training
- Monitoring of heeling accidents
- Survival factors
- Injuries and emergency response
- Passenger accountability

## Slide 15
# Presentation: 344021

##  Dynamics and Transport of the ACC in Drake Passage

-  Dynamics and Transport of the ACC in Drake Passage
-              T. Chereskin, K. Donohue, R. Watts

- Quantify ACC transport and
- dynamics for 4 years.
- Use a  transport line to determine horizontal and vertical structure of the time-varying transport.
- Use a local dynamics  array to describe the mesoscale eddy field.
- Use a local dynamics array to determine the mean vorticity balance and buoyancy flux in order to quantify the vertical transfer of momentum in the ACC.

## 4-year deployment

- Data telemetered  during annual cruises
- Complements DRAKE, SR1b,XBT/ADCP

## Transport Line

- 45-65 km resolution
- Determine unaliased seasonal and annual transport
- Determine the lateral and vertical partitioning.
- Recommend minimal array design for the future.

## Local Dynamics Array

- Map circulation with mesoscale resolution.
- Estimate along-stream momentum balance.
- Quantify mean vorticity advection.
- Quantify eddy-mean exchange of momentum and energy
- Diagnose case-studies of major events. Do major events or many small events account for most of the eddy fluxes.

## CPIES:

- current and pressure recording inverted echo sounder

- Measures bottom current.
-              (50 m off bottom)
- Emits 12kHz sound pulses.
- Measures round trip travel times of  acoustic pulses to sea surface and back.
- Measures bottom pressure.

## A CPIES array yields daily maps of upper and deep streamfunction.

**A CPIES array yields daily maps of upper and deep streamfunction.**
- Look-up tables interpret acoustic travel times as geopotential height (0 referenced to 5000 dbar).
- 2-D arrays of CPIES estimate horizontal gradients of geopotential to calculate geostrophic velocities.
- Velocity profiles are referenced by measured near-bottom currents.
- Bottom pressures are leveled using time-mean near-bottom currents.
# Presentation: 677926

## P19: Probabilistic Hurricane Forecasts for Risk Management

- Thomas Nehrkorn and Ross N. Hoffman
- _[tnehrkor](mailto:tnehrkor@aer.com)__[@](mailto:tnehrkor@aer.com)__[aer](mailto:tnehrkor@aer.com)__[.com](mailto:tnehrkor@aer.com)_**    **_[rhoffman](mailto:rhoffman@aer.com)__[@](mailto:rhoffman@aer.com)__[aer](mailto:rhoffman@aer.com)__[.com](mailto:rhoffman@aer.com)_
-  Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., 131 Hartwell Ave, Lexington Massachusetts 02421-3126
- _[www.](http://www.aer.com/)__[aer](http://www.aer.com/)__[.com](http://www.aer.com/)_

- Large economic effects of US land-falling hurricanes require risk management through a variety of approaches:
- Defensive strategies
- Insurance
- Weather Derivatives
- Optimizing risk management requires timely, quantitative forecast information that
- Includes uncertainty information
- Is tailored to the specific exposure

***BACKGROUND***

***ILLUSTRATION***

- For demonstration of the technical approach, consider:
- coarse-resolution (1.5 deg) gridded fields from 51-member ECMWF ensemble
- Known deficiencies:
- underpredicted strength
- unresolved scale

***APPROACH***

- Define metrics tailored to the client
- As an example, we compute two indices proposed by Kantha (2006):
- Hurricane Intensity Index (HII):
- Hurricane Hazard Index (HHI):
- Combine deterministic and probabilistic forecasts from all available sources
- Need to correct for known biases
- Need to account for different error magnitudes of different forecasts
- Need to calibrate resulting ensemble

***Katrina 12Z 29 Aug Analysis***

## P19: Probabilistic Hurricane Forecasts for Risk Management

- Thomas Nehrkorn and Ross N. Hoffman
- _[tnehrkor](mailto:tnehrkor@aer.com)__[@](mailto:tnehrkor@aer.com)__[aer](mailto:tnehrkor@aer.com)__[.com](mailto:tnehrkor@aer.com)_**    **_[rhoffman](mailto:rhoffman@aer.com)__[@](mailto:rhoffman@aer.com)__[aer](mailto:rhoffman@aer.com)__[.com](mailto:rhoffman@aer.com)_
-  Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., 131 Hartwell Ave, Lexington Massachusetts 02421-3126
- _[www.](http://www.aer.com/)__[aer](http://www.aer.com/)__[.com](http://www.aer.com/)_

***Histograms of Derived Indices***

***Control 2-day Forecast***

***Ensemble 980 hPa Spaghetti***

***Hurricane Intensity Index (HII)***

***Hurricane Hazard Index (HHI)***

- References:
- L. Kantha, 2006: Time to Replace the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale?
- 	 *EOS*, **87**, No. 1, doi 10.1029/2006EO010003.
- Richard D. Knabb, Jamie R. Rhome, and Daniel P. Brown, 2006: Tropical
- 	Cyclone Report Hurricane Katrina 23-30 August 2005,
- 	_http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL122005_Katrina.pdf_

***Raw****** and ******Scaled ******Ensemble Histograms of Vmax***
# Presentation: 706813

## ChlamydiaSexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2004

- Division of STD Prevention

## Chlamydia — Rates: United States, 1984–2004

- Note: As of January 2000, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had regulations requiring the reporting of chlamydia cases.

## Chlamydia — Rates by state: United States and outlying areas, 2004

- Note: The total rate of chlamydia for the United States and outlying areas (Guam, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands) was 316.7 per 100,000 population.

## Chlamydia — Rates by county: United States, 2004

## Chlamydia — Rates by region: United States, 1984–2004

## Chlamydia — Rates by sex: United States, 1984–2004

## Chlamydia — Age- and sex-specific rates: United States, 2004

## Chlamydia — Positivity among 15- to 24-year-old women tested in family planning clinics by state: United States and outlying areas, 2004

- Note: Includes states and outlying areas that reported chlamydia positivity data on at least 500 women aged 15-24 years screened during 2004.
- SOURCE: Regional Infertility Prevention Projects; Office of Population Affairs; Local and State STD Control Programs; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

## Chlamydia — Trends in positivity among 15- to 24-year-old women tested in family planning clinics by HHS region, 1988–2004

- Note: Annual positivity adjusted for changes in laboratory test method and associated increases in test sensitivity.
- SOURCE: Regional Infertility Prevention Projects; Office of Population Affairs; Local and State STD Control Programs; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
# Presentation: 065660

## AO AO
WE’RE SAD TO SEE YOU GO
WE’VE GAINED YOUR TRUST
BUT NOW YOU MUST
GO HOME GO HOME

- WE’RE SAD TO SEE YOU GO
- WE’VE GAINED YOUR TRUST
- BUT NOW YOU MUST
- GO HOME GO HOME

## WE DID OUR BEST
TO SELF ACCESS
WE’VE LEARNED OUR SHAPES
AND CLEANED OUR PLATES
YUM YUM YUM YUM

- TO SELF ACCESS
- WE’VE LEARNED OUR SHAPES
- AND CLEANED OUR PLATES
- YUM YUM YUM YUM

## THE GEORGIA QUEEN 
WENT UP THE STREAM
HUNG OUT WITH ELVIS
WHILE HE SHOOK HIS PELVIS
UN HUH UH HUH

- WENT UP THE STREAM
- HUNG OUT WITH ELVIS
- WHILE HE SHOOK HIS PELVIS
- UN HUH UH HUH

## LAST VERSE
SAME AS THE FIRST

- SAME AS THE FIRST

## AO AO
WE’RE SAD TO SEE YOU GO
WE’VE GAINED YOUR TRUST
BUT NOW YOU MUST
GO HOME GO HOME

- WE’RE SAD TO SEE YOU GO
- WE’VE GAINED YOUR TRUST
- BUT NOW YOU MUST
- GO HOME GO HOME
# Presentation: 158483

## D0 Weekly Summary: May 4th to May 11th 

- Delivered Luminosity and operating efficiency
- Delivered 7.3pb-1
- Recorded 6.3pb-1 (86%)
- Mostly smooth data taking except Friday, May 9th
- Silicon low voltage supplies trips
- Total number of events collected
- 12 mln
- Beam halo
- Mainly close to be within specs
- Problems are resolved with MCR on case by case basis
- Beam position
- Within 1mm from the detector center and stable

**Day of the week **

- Dmitri Denisov

## D0 Data Collection

- Typical data collection is smooth with interventions required only a few times per day
- Typical weekly inefficiency is ~13%-14%
- ~4% front-end busy
- ~4% begin/end runs, begin/end stores, etc.
- ~5-6% are sub-systems failures during data taking
- Friday May 9th
- Warm and humid
- Error with selection of the collision hall humidity caused humidity increase
- Increase in humidity caused silicon smoke alarms to set false alarms and trip LV
- Humidity settings adjusted after first trip, but it took ~ 6 hours to “dry” the hall
- ~72% efficiency for the day

- Dmitri Denisov

## D0 Summary

- Stably collecting physics data with full detector in readout
- 86% weekly data taking efficiency
- Stably above 85% during month of May
- Clearly see improvements in Tevatron luminosity lately
- 2 of the 4 best Run II days in terms of delivered luminosity are last week
- 5 of the 5 best Run II stores in terms of delivered luminosity are from May 2003
- Plan for this week
- Physics data taking during stack and store operations
- No access requests

- Dmitri Denisov
# Presentation: 184407

## WELCOME!Production Services BranchJohn Stadelman

- WELCOME!Production Services BranchJohn Stadelman

## Production Summary

- Forest Service
- Scan to Media Totals
- 876
- $8680
- Print only Totals
- 18,623
- $79,362

- NRCS
- Scan to Media Totals
- 1940
- $24,722
- Print only Totals
- 822
- $12,661

## Production Services Branch (PSB)

- Structure
- Photography Section
- Scanning Section
- Technical Support

## Photography SectionEmployees

## Photo Equipment

- Exposing
- LogE - contacts
- DeVere - enlargements
- Durst Epsilon 30 - digital
- Durst Theta 76 - digital

- Processing
- Kreonite - B&W print
- Kodak Versamat - film
- Colex – color print/film
- Fininshing
- Laminater

## Photo Services

- Traditional
- Digital
- Finishing

## Traditional Services B & W Products 

- Film
- Transparencies
- Duplication
- Inter-negative

- Contacts
- 10” X 10”
- 20” X 24”(Photo Index)
- Enlargements
- 12” X 12”
- 17” X 17”
- 24” X 24”
- 38” X 38”

## Traditional Services Color Products 

- Film
- Transparencies

- Contacts
- 10” X 10”
- Enlargements
- 20” X 20”
- 20” X 24”
- 24” X 24”
- 38” X 38”

## Digital Services

- Color or B & W rendered
- Print sizes
- 10” X 10”
- 20” X 20”
- 20” X 24”
- 30” X 30”
- 30” X 40”

## Digital Services

- Custom Digital Requests
- Your AOI Your Specifications
- Template
- Attribute Layers
- Order from APFO web site

## Scanning SectionEmployees

## Scanning Equipment

- Leica
- DSW 500 (2)

- Werhli
- RM6 (3)

## Scanning Services

- Film to electronic file  (TIFF)
- 8 – 1600 μ
- Internal support
- digital printing
- geospatial use
- External requests

## Scanning Services

- EROS project
- 29,000 NHAP & NAPP images
- Utah project
- Salt Lake County ’58-’77
- More to follow...

## Technical SupportEmployees

## Technical Support

- Services
- Maintenance, repair and modification
- Mechanical, electrical, plumbing, etc...

## QUESTIONS?
# Presentation: 248192

## Discussion of PHENIX input to RHIC Spin Document Requested by TK

- PHENIX Spin Working Group
- (Presented by Dave Kawall)
- January 7th, 2005

## Proposed Plots for RHIC Spin Document

- Double Spin Asymmetry Measurements: A_LL
- Pi0, direct photon, charged hadrons
- Integrated Luminosities and beam pol. : from Wolfram
- Transverse Spin Asymmetry Measurements: A_N,A_T,A_TT
- Pi0, charged pion production
-  Integrated luminosity : approx. 1/8 of total IL

- 200 GeV

- 500 GeV

- Double & Single Spin Asymmetries: A_LL, A_L,A_N/A_T
- Delta G/G: Pi0, direct photon, charged hadrons, c & b        		   physics with vertex detector
- Delta Q/Q, Delta Qbar/Qbar

- Should convert asymmetries into Delta G/G

## Luminosity Assumptions

- 2006 - 2008 ( 200 GeV, 70% pol)
- 10 weeks/yr : Transverse Spin  :  10   inv. pb
- 10 weeks/yr : Longitudinal Spin:  70   inv. pb
-  5 weeks/yr  : Transverse Spin  :   2.5 inv. pb
-  5 weeks/yr  : Longitudinal Spin: 17.5 inv. pb
- 2009 - 2012 ( 500 GeV, 70% pol)
- 10 weeks/yr : Transverse Spin  :   27 inv. pb
- 10 weeks/yr : Longitudinal Spin: 187 inv. pb
-  5 weeks/yr  : Transverse Spin  :    7  inv. pb
-  5 weeks/yr  : Longitudinal Spin:  47  inv. pb

- (Started from Wolfram’s L_max projections x 70% x 0.35 PHENIX eff.)

## Double Spin Asymmetries 

- 200 GeV, 5 wk/yr

- 200 GeV, 10 wk/yr

- (thanks to Yoshi Fukao)

## Double Spin Asymmetries 

- 200 GeV, 5 wk/yr

- 200 GeV, 10 wk/yr

- (thanks to Christine Aidala)

## Double Spin Asymmetries 

- 500 GeV, 5 wk/yr

- 500 GeV, 10 wk/yr

- (thanks to Christine Aidala)

## Single Spin Asymmetries 

- 500 GeV, 5 wk/yr

- 500 GeV, 10 wk/yr

- (thanks to Naohito)

## PHENIX Detector Plans

- Before 2010 is baseline, anything later is ``new”
- Additional equipment for vital spin physics at PHENIX
- Additions to muon trigger : funded by non-DOE funds
- Silicon is already in the plan based on HI interests
- If Constant Effort (CE)
- Si Barrel through DOE + RIKEN funds (HI Baseline)
- Muon trigger through non-DOE funds (Spin Baseline)
- If CE + 5%
- Si Barrel through DOE + RIKEN funds
- Muon trigger (NSF + Japanese funds)
- Restore 10 weeks/year of spin running
- If CE + 10%
- Si barrel through DOE + RIKEN funds
- Muon trigger (NSF + Japanese funds)
- Restore 10 weeks/year of spin running
- Fund nosecone such that ONE side is ready before first W physics run
# Presentation: 700151

- WATER COOLERS

- ENERGY STAR®** **SALES ASSOCIATE TRAINING

## WHAT IS ENERGY STAR?

- www.energystar.gov

- WHAT IS ENERGY STAR?

**ENERGY STAR is a government-backed program to help **
**consumers identify energy **
**efficient products.     **
**ENERGY STAR qualified products**
-     Save energy
-     Reduce pollution
-     Save money

## WHAT ARE ENERGY STAR QUALIFIED WATER COOLERS?

- ENERGY STAR qualified water coolers deliver hot and cold water using less energy due to:
-   Improved chilling mechanisms
-   More Insulation
- Water coolers consume energy even when not in use. ENERGY STAR qualified water coolers use less “standby energy” than conventional models.

## SAVING ENERGYEQUALS SAVING MONEY

- SAVING ENERGYEQUALS SAVING MONEY

- ENERGY STAR qualified products use less energy and cost less to operate resulting in:

- ENERGY STAR qualified hot and cold water coolers can save up to $50 per year in energy bills.
- The energy saved by an ENERGY STAR qualified water cooler is enough to power a
- full-sized new refrigerator.

## WHY SAVEENERG?

**WHY SAVE****ENERG?**

- SAVING ENERGY HELPSPROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT

**Help Protect the Environment**
- By using less energy,
- ENERGY STAR qualified water coolers help reduce air pollution.

## WHY BUY ENERGY STAR?

**Save money without sacrifice**
-   ENERGY STAR qualified water coolers
-    have improved chilling mechanisms and
-    insulation that delivers hot and cold water
-    using less energy and thus cost less to
-    operate
-   Save up to $50 on your utility bills

## WHICH BRANDS AREENERGY STAR QUALIFIED? 

**Trusted brands like these...**
-   Crystal Mountain
-   Addico
- [Customize as appropriate] * *

## SNAPSHOT

**ENERGY STAR is:**
- A government-backed program *(www.energystar.gov)* dedicated to helping individuals protect the environment through superior energy efficiency. Look for the ENERGY STAR symbol on qualified water coolers.
**Saving energy reduces the burning of fossil fuels, which leads to less air pollution. This ultimately reduces greenhouse gas emissions that cause global climate change.**** **
**ENERGY STAR qualified hot and cold water coolers: **
-   Cost the same as standard units, but because of improved chilling
-    mechanisms and more insulation, they use less energy
-   Can save up to $50 per year in energy bills

## Benefits:

**www.energystar.gov**

- A user-friendly and easily navigable micro-site containing training tools for Partners.
- Users can navigate throughout three main categories to find training resources relevant
- to them: **products**, **campaigns**, **utilities/EEPS (energy efficiency program sponsors)**.
**Benefits:**
**EASY**: access to all relevant ENERGY STAR training materials and resources on your own with relative ease
**ACCURATE**: The most current training materials to share with your sales associates for increasing the sale of ENERGY STAR qualified products and services
**RELEVANT**: A location for collaboration and idea exchange with other Partners
# Presentation: 678275

## Audit Requirements

- Fifth Annual NIH SBIR/STTR Conference

## Audit?  Who said anything about having an audit?

- The Department of Health & Human Services did!
- HHS specifies requirements for audits of for-profit organizations in
-    45 CFR 74.26(d)*

- * http://www.hhs.gov/progorg/grantsnet/adminis/cfr45-docs/p74-subc.html#74.26

## Let’s have that in plain English.

- A for-profit organization is required to
- have a non-Federal audit **if:**
- it expended a total of $300,000 or more under one or more HHS awards
-  _**AND**_
- at least one of the awards is an HHS _grant_

## I thought the $300,000 expended threshold was related to OMB Circular A-133 and isn’t that for non-profits and universities?

- Yes and Yes...However,  45 CFR 74.26(d) essentially incorporates the _thresholds_ and _deadlines_ of OMB Circular A-133.

## So, I must have an A-133 audit if I expend $300,000 or more in HHS  funds and I have at least one grant award.

- Not exactly....

## Good news !You have a choice.

- 45 CFR 74.26(d) provides for-profit organizations with two options regarding the type of audit that will satisfy the audit requirements.

## 1 - A financial related audit as defined in, and in accordance with, the Government auditing Standards (a.k.a. the “Yellow Book”)*

- 2 - An audit that meets the requirements of OMB Circular A-133**

*****  http://www.gao.gov/govaud/ybk01.htm
****** http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/circulars/a133/a133.html

**OR**

## Is there a due date? 

- Yes, 45 CFR 74.26(d) essentially incorporates the deadlines of OMB Circular A-133 - Audits shall be completed and submitted within:
- 30 days after receipt of the auditor’s   report
- 			***or***
- 9 months after the end of the organization’s fiscal year

**Whichever is earlier**

## OMB Circular A-133 requires a Data Collection Form (DCF).  If I choose to have an A-133 audit, should the DCF be completed and submitted with the audit? 

- Regardless of the type of audit chosen, commercial organizations are _not_ required to fill out and submit a Data Collection Form.

## Okay, the auditors have done their work and the audit is complete.  Now what?

## Good question!

- The filing requirements differ for commercial organizations. Audit reports should be submitted to:
**National External Audit Review Center**
**HHS Office of Audit Services**
**323 West 8th Street**
**Lucas Place, Room 514**
**Kansas City, MO 64105**

## I didn’t expend more than $300,000 in HHS funds this fiscal year so I’m off the “hook”, right?

- While it is true you are not required to have an audit for that particular fiscal year, keep in mind that your grant-related records must be available to NIH or other designated officials for review or audit.

- Great,

## Where can I get more information?

- There are frequently asked questions (FAQs) related to non-federal audit requirements for commercial (for-profit) organizations on the following web site:
- _[http://ocm.od.nih.gov/dfas/faqforprofitaudits.](http://ocm.od.nih.gov/dfas/faqforprofitaudits.htm)__[htm](http://ocm.od.nih.gov/dfas/faqforprofitaudits.htm)_
# Presentation: 773623

## Good forecasts out to day 6 for GFS

- 	 	       day 6.5 for ECMWF
- Useful forecasts to day 8 for GFS
- 	                 day 9 for ECMWF
- GFS 1.5 days better than CDAS

- Good forecasts out to day 5 for GFS
-                                     day 6 for ECMWF
- Useful forecasts day 6.5 for GFS
-                            day 7.5 for ECMWF
- GFS 1.5  day better than CDAS

## Mar1-Apr 12, 2007

| 500 height | op | prx |
| --- | --- | --- |
| NH day 5 | .871 | .872 |
| Day 8 | .620 | .639 |
| SH day 5 | .791 | .803 |
| Day 8 | .385 | .374 |
| RMSE hgt |  |  |
| NH day 5 | 56.1 | 55.4 |
| SH day 5 | 62.5 | 60.9 |
| RMSE wind  | tropics |  |
| 850 | 3.99 | 3.66 |
| 500 | 4.61 | 4.22 |
| 250 | 7.04 | 7.15 |

***Mar1-Apr 12, 2007***
***Fang-Lin Yang***
***Extratropics prx slightly ***
***Better (?)***
***Gains in tropics at 850***
***And 500 hPA***
***Loss in tropics at 200***
***Bias reduced***

## Slide 3

## Slide 4

## PRX -.023

***PRX -.023***
***From 3rd to 4th***

***PRX +.044***

## Slide 6

## Precipitation

|  | ETS |  | Bias |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | op | prx | op | prx |
| 0-24 | .354 | .358 | 1.58 | 1.60 |
| 24-48 | .324 | .330 | 1.64 | 1.61 |
| 48-72 | .297 | .293 | 1.65 | 1.55 |
| 12-36 | .336 | .353 | 1.62 | 1.59 |
| 36-60 | .307 | .324 | 1.66 | 1.62 |
| 60-84 | .272 | .283 | 1.67 | 1.58 |

***Precipitation***
***Continental US***
***>.02 mm/24hr***
***PRX better***
***3/18-4/10/07***

## Slide 8

## Tropsopshere: 

***PRX winds fit radiosondes better***
***    ******east Asia forecast wind bias at 200 greatly reduced***
***PRX extratropical temperatures fit radiosondes better***
***PRX forecast heights fit radiosondes better***
***PRX analyzed moisture fit radiosondes better***
***Stratosphere:***
***PRX temperatures fit radiosondes better***
***PRX forecast heights fit radiosondes better***
***ACARS and aircraft winds***
***PRX forecast winds fit observations better 300-150 hPa***
***PRX analysed winds further from observations***

## Slide 10

## Slide 11

## Slide 12

## Slide 13

## Slide 14

## Slide 15

## Slide 16

## Slide 17

## Slide 18

## Slide 19

## Slide 20

## Slide 21

## Slide 22

## Slide 23

## Slide 24

## Slide 25

## Slide 26
# Presentation: 077675

## 39 Pollutants Included inRICE Emissions Database

- 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
- 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
- 1,3-Butadiene
- 1,3-Dichloropropene
- 1,4-Dichlorobenzene(p)
- 1,4-Dioxane
- Acetaldehyde
- Acrolein
- Benzene
- Berylium
- Cadmium
- Carbon Tetrachloride
- Chlorobenzene
- Chloroform
- Chromium
- Ethylbenzene
- Ethyl Chloride(Chloroethane)
- Ethylene Dibromide
- Ethylene Dichloride(1,2-Dichloroethane)
- Ethylidene Dichloride(1,1-Dichloroethane)

- Formaldehyde
- Hexane
- Lead
- Manganese
- Mercury
- Methyl Chloroform(1,1,1-Trichloroethane)
- Methylene Chloride
- Naphthalene
- Nickel
- POMs (PAHs)
- Propylene Dichloride(1,2-Dichloropropane)
- Selenium
- Styrene
- Tetrachloroethylene(Perchloroethylene)
- Toluene
- Trichloroethylene
- Vinyl Chloride
- Vinylidene Chloride
- Xylene

## Pollutants Included in Tests

## 31 Pollutants Detected

- _1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane_
- 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
- _1,3-Butadiene_
- 1,3-Dichloropropene
- _1,4-Dichlorobenzene(p)_
- 1,4-Dioxane
- _Acetaldehyde_
- _Acrolein_
- _Benzene_
- _Berylium_
- _Cadmium_
- _Carbon Tetrachloride_
- _Chlorobenzene_
- _Chloroform_
- _Chromium_
- _Ethylbenzene_
- _Ethyl Chloride__(Chloroethane)_
- Ethylene Dibromide
- Ethylene Dichloride(1,2-Dichloroethane)
- Ethylidene Dichloride(1,1-Dichloroethane)

- _Formaldehyde_
- _Hexane_
- _Lead_
- _Manganese_
- _Mercury_
- _Methyl Chloroform__(1,1,1-Trichloroethane)_
- _Methylene Chloride_
- _Naphthalene_
- _Nickel_
- _POMs (PAHs)_
- Propylene Dichloride(1,2-Dichloropropane)
- _Selenium_
- _Styrene_
- _Tetrachloroethylene__(Perchloroethylene)_
- _Toluene_
- _Trichloroethylene_
- _Vinyl Chloride_
- Vinylidene Chloride
- _Xylene_

## Pollutants Reported as “Detects”

## Comparison of Lists:Natural Gas

- CARB List for Natural Gas also includes Propylene.However, Propylene is not a HAP listed under 112(b).

## Comparison of Lists:Diesel Fuel

- The T&M List also includes Propionaldehyde.The CARB List was developed for all combustion devices that useliquid petroleum-based fuels -- not specifically internal combustionengines using diesel fuel.  The list includes the following additionalHAPs:  Chrome VI, Arsenic, Chlorobenzene, Dioxins, Furans,Hydrogen Chloride, and Phosphorus.  The List also includesCopper, Propylene and Zinc which are not listed as HAPs under Section 112(b).

## Proposed Pollutants for Emissions Tests Under ICCR
# Presentation: 130115

##  Challenges In Urban Meteorology Forum

** ****Challenges In Urban ****Meteorology Forum**

**Dr. Jan F. Dutton**

## Is Existing Data Adequate?

**Is Existing Data Adequate?**

## Urban Observation Requirements 

**Requirements are application dependent**Dispersion modeling	Real-time to near real-time acquisition and delivery	Derived wind statistics	Potentially variable time averaging statistics	Surface and boundary layer data Climate Analysis	Delayed delivery acceptable  	Primary observation	Consistent variable calculations	Primarily surface data

## Priority...

**Homeland Security and Emergency Management (EM)**
**Support of NWS Mission**
**Public Health and Safety**
**Business and Community planning/management**

## What is the WeatherBug Network?

## A National Asset

**7,000+ Systems – Growing at ~1,000 Per Year**

## A Local Asset

## FSL MADIS QC Results

## Warm Rooftops - Urban Myth?

**Warm Rooftops - Urban Myth?**

****** ****WeatherBug temperatures actually exhibits a slight **_**cool bias**_** during daytime hours**

****** ****Warm bias at night during clear skies and radiational cooling **

## WeatherBug Network...

****** ****Commercial grade instrumentation – not home weather stations**
****** ****High level of standardization **
****** ****Internet based communications******** Real time, up-to-the-second communications******** Remote calibration******** Error checking and diagnostics**
****** ****Sophisticated network operations plan with dedicated staffing**
****** ****Lucent alliance for installation, field operations and maintenance**
****** ****High quality data with established QA/QC history for many applications**

## Future Plans

- Enhancement of Communications Infrastructure-- Adding Ethernet enabled data logger enhance data availability and 	WeatherBug control
- Coordinated Installation/Maintenance-- Lucent Technologies is national installer/maintainer of stations.  	Continued support of program and wider use.
- “Person-on-the-ground” Maintenance-- Trial in Maryland proving that active maitenance activities by WeatherBug 	greatly enhances the value of network

## Priority...

**Homeland Security and Emergency Management (EM)**
**Support of NWS Mission**
**Public Health and Safety**
**Business and Community planning/management**

## Call to Action

***This Community Needs to Respond to the Immediate Needs of the Nation***

## Slide 14

## QC Timeline
# Presentation: 420633

## Leadership Similarities

- USAF
- Influencing
- Directing
- Obedience, confidence, respect, cooperation
- Achieving
- Common objectives

- USA
- Influencing
- Direction
- Purpose
- Motivation
- Operating
- Mission
- Improving

- LL14.1.1 - Leaderhip Similarities

## Leadership Styles

- Autocratic
- Democratic
- Laissez-faire

- LL14.1.2 - Leadership Styles

## Personality Traits

- Integrity of character
- Sense of Responsibility
- Professional competence
- Enthusiasm

- Emotional stability
- Empathy
- Tact
- Self-confidence

- LL14.1.3 - Personality Traits

## Principles

- Know Your People
- Keep Your People Informed
- Set the Example

- Be Loyal to All
- Avoid Developing a Clique
- Be Morally Courageous

- LL14.1.4 - Principles
# Presentation: 259497

## Tornado Drill

- Your National Weather Service in Corpus Christi and the Texas Department of Emergency Management will conduct a Tornado Drill on Wednesday, March 7, 2007 at 10:00 AM CST.  The purpose of the drill is to give you an opportunity to test watch and warning procedures and to practice the actions necessary for survival. Advanced planning could save lives during a real tornado emergency!

- Go to a small interior room such as a closet or bathroom on the lowest level. An interior hallway is also suitable. If available, get under something sturdy and protect yourself from flying debris.

**  ****Schools, nursing homes, hospitals, factories, and shopping centers:**

**  ****Homes or small buildings:**

- 	Go to a pre-designated shelter area. Basements are the best, but interior hallways on the lowest floor usually offer protection.  Close all doors to the hallway for greater protection.

**  ****Mobile homes or vehicles:**

- Leave them and go to a strong building. If there is no shelter nearby, get into the nearest ditch or depression and lie flat with your hands shielding your head.

**Your Personal Warning System**

**All Hazards NOAA Weather Radio**

- Available at all major electronics stores

**TORNADO SURVIVAL – KNOWING THE RULES**

**Tornado Watch** – issued when conditions are favorable for tornado development in the next couple hours. Review safety rules and stay informed.  Weather conditions may change rapidly!

**Tornado Warning** – issued when a tornado is imminent or occurring now.  If a tornado warning is issued for your county, seek safe shelter immediately!

**www.srh.noaa.gov/crp**

**Tornado Drill**

**MARCH 7, 2007 – YOUR TIME TO PRACTICE**
# Presentation: 450290

## Analog-to-Digital Converters – BOKTask 04-024

** **

| Cost   |   |   |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Schedule |   |   |
| Technical |   |   |
| Programmatic |   |   |

**Total ROM Cost (non-CS) = $ 45K**

**Description: **
**This task will focus on analog-to-digital converter (A/D) parts survey. The survey would involve the following: (1) Discussions with users at various NASA centers to determine their immediate and future needs as far as the resolution (number of bits), speed, operational voltage, power dissipation, etc. Information on type of mission (instrument vs spacecraft), mission length, radiation and temperature requirements will be gathered as well. (2) Discussion with manufacturers of A/D parts including COTS PEMs A/Ds. This would entail getting status of current products and their future plans. (3) Matching of NASA needs with parts availability. Any gaps between the two will be identified. Also, where possible, recommendations will be made on how to make the parts useable (close the gap), such as by conducting further tests, etc. (4) Publish report and TRO. **

**Benefits:**
**The NASA A/D task would provide a useful snapshot of the types of **
**A/D parts that would be needed to satisfy various applications across **
**the whole agency.**
**The vendor survey would shed light on the parts that can be used on **
**flight as is. It would also provide an assessment of the amount of effort **
**that would be required to evaluate other available parts for their flight **
**worthiness. **
**This task will steer NASA to use common approaches wherever**
** ****possible.**

**Schedule/Costs:**

**Risks:**

- Red, Yellow, or Green

**Lead Center/PI: ****JPL / S. Agarwal**
**Co-Is: ****All other NASA Centers**
**Center Funding Split: ****JPL: $45K**

**Non-NASA Organizations/Procurements:**
**Travel**
**US Army, USAF/ICBM, USAF/SMC, NAVSEA **

**CS FTEs = None **

**Major Deliverables:**
**1)  BOK Report**** **

- Tactical  # 8 , Slide # 21
# Presentation: 211963

## Digital Simulation Computer

-  Computer architecture based on the analog model of computation 	instead of the classical von Neumann model
-  Successfully constructed hardware prototype digital simulation 		computer which met all design goals
-  Developed new product named “Starlight” which outperforms all 	other computers (including supercomputers and the latest RISC 		processors) on a wide range of Continuous System Simulation 		Applications
** **
**                             ****COMMERCIALIZATION**
-  Five systems have been sold including over $2M in sales to 		Japan

***EAI SIMULATION ASSOCIATES, INC.******WEST LONG BRANCH, NJ***

**S****mall**
**B****usiness**
**I****nnovation **
**R****esearch**

**     ****GOVERNMENT/SCIENCE APPLICATIONS**
-  Starlight has been used in a variety of applications 			including aerospace, automotive, electric power and 			chemical reactors

- 1988 Phase 2; SS-128; 6/21/96

- Goddard Space Flight Center

**Digital Simulation Computer**
# Presentation: 680556

## For Integration

- 147 ‘ usable rack space

- CNN

- Escape hatch

- Camera bay

- Strawa
- Arnot
- Rissman

- Covert
- Hegg

- DAQ

- SSFR

- Schmid

- Pielewski

- Right Wing:
-       PCASP
-       FSSP
-       CAPS

- Left Wing:
-      MOUDI
-      APS

- Radome
-   Temp
-   Dew Point
-   C-MIGETS
-   Pito tube

- PVM-100 LWC

- Double bay rack

- Single Rack

## TO configuration

- APS

- PCASP

- CAPS

- FSSP

- MOUDI

- Aerosol Inlet

- CABIN (aft to forward)

- Sunphotometer
# Presentation: 713834

## Ice-Related Products:   Status/Issues

- Sea Ice Characterization (Ice Concentration IP; Ice Age EDR)
- Ice concentration: underestimates fraction where new/young ice present.  Ice extent OK.
- Distinction between first-year and multiyear ice has been dropped (now provides ice free, new/young, all other ice categories).
- Ice age retrieval:
- interdependencies between concentration and age (confusion between new/young ice vs. low conc. ice)
- reliance on energy balance modeling and modeled reflectances = complicated and highly dependent on external data and climatologies

## Ice-Related Products:   Status/Issues

- Albedo vs. snow depth:

## Ice-Related Products:   Status/Issues

- Ice concentration:  confusion between ice concentration and ice age (new/young ice)

## Ice-Related Products:   Status/Issues

- Ice concentration:  confusion between ice concentration and ice age (new/young ice)

- But, while errors can be large locally, may not exceed spec. on average due to limited coverage of new/young ice.

## Ice-Related Products:   Status/Issues

- Other Issues:
-  Verify how exclusion conditions are being applied
-  “ice vs. water temperature difference < 1.5 deg. C” would exclude nearly all ice retrievals in summer
-  “snowfall > 10cm” based on unavailable/poor data
-  Ice Concentration IP needs to be archived (for cal/val at least; preferably permanent archive)
-  Clarify how Ice Conc. IP and/or Snow/Ice Gridded IP are used in other algorithms (SST, ice albedo)
-  Inland ice product (future)

## Ice-Related Products:   Status/Issues

- Sea Ice Albedo EDR
-  regression approach
-  applied to pixels with ice concentration = was 100%, now 99%
-  assumptions built into forward modeling of BRDF (e.g., soot content, snow properties, etc.)
-  clarify under what VCM cloud conditions the product will be retrieved
-  spec. relaxed to 0.3....

- Ice Surface Temperature EDR
-  dependence on ice concentration
# Presentation: 605967

## Acquisition of a versatile scanning electron microscope for multi-user research and teaching in the Electron Microscopy Center at North Dakota State University

- Thomas P. Freeman, North Dakota State University, Fargo.  DMR 0619098

**Intellectual Merit**
- Housed in NDSU’s Microscopy Center, a service facility for the campus and beyond, this instru-mentation supports secondary and backscatter imaging and micro-analysis for research, research training, classroom education, and outreach programs, strengthening ongoing research projects and stimulating new endeavors in nano-technology, biomaterials, and poly-meric materials/coatings, as well as biological fields.  This microscope permits investigation of a wide range of samples that could not be studied easily with previous instruments.
- This versatile microscope will in-crease the number of students and researchers using our facility, pro-viding new and exciting research and educational opportunities in existing courses and stimulating curriculum expansion in nano-science, engineering, and other disciplines.

*Through NSF support, North Dakota State University acquired a low-vacuum scanning electron microscope (JEOL JSM-6490LV) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer, tensile stage, and remote imaging and control.*

**Microspheres for drug delivery**

**Tissue scaffolding**

**Solder joint composition**

## Acquisition of a versatile scanning electron microscope for multi-user research and teaching in the Electron Microscopy Center at North Dakota State University

- Thomas P. Freeman, North Dakota State University, Fargo.  DMR 0619098

*Through NSF support, North Dakota State University acquired a low-vacuum scanning electron microscope (JEOL JSM-6490LV) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer, tensile stage, and remote imaging and control.*

**Broader Impacts**
- The new JEOL JSM-6490LV system supports existing collaborative research and stimulates new cooperative pro-grams.  It strengthens our collaboration with a consortium of regional colleges initiating a nanotechnology technician training program.
- The capability for remote operation, via WebSEM, from on- or off-campus class-rooms or offices (essentially anyplace with Internet availability) provides a unique opportunity for easy access to a state-of-the-art microscope.** **
- This instrumentation facilitates remote microscopy access to North Dakota tribal colleges and high schools through the NATURE program *(Nurturing American Tribal Undergraduate Research and Education)*, as well as other regional colleges and universities, and sustains and extends our outreach to K-12 students and teachers across the region.

**North Dakota Tribal Colleges**

**Scale from butterfly wing**

**NATURE program participant**
** ****2007**

**Take Your Child to Work day, 2007**
# Presentation: 491017

## A Novel Approachto Catalytic Combustion

**ACCOMPLISHMENTS**
-   Demonstrated Ultra-low NOx, CO, and Unburned Hydrocarbons 	(UHC) emissions for High Speed Civil Transport applications
-   NOx emissions were demonstrated at steady-state to be 1/3 to 	1/5  of regulatory targets
**COMMERCIALIZATION**
-   Multimillion dollar long term catalytic combustor development 	and supply agreement between Westinghouse Power 	Generation and Precision Combustion, Inc.
-   Precision Combustion Inc.’s catalytic combustor for Equivalent 	Zero Emission Vehicles was demonstrated in an automotive 	application engine test program with Capstone Turbine 	Corporation
-   Non-government Phase III sales and investment of more than 	$4.4M for ultra-low NOx emissions catalytic combustors  	for ground based gas turbines
-   Employment increased from 5 to 32 employees

**INNOVATION**

***Precision Combustion, Inc.***
***New Haven, CT***

**S****mall**
**B****usiness**
**I****nnovation **
**R****esearch**

**GOVERNMENT/SCIENCE APPLICATIONS**
-  	Technology enabled further catalytic combustor 				advances by Precision Combustion, Inc. for DARPA, 		NASA, US Army, US Air Force, US Navy, and DOE
-   Ultra-low NOx aircraft and ground power catalytic 			combustion fired gas turbines
-   Ignition and combustion stability enhancement for 			aerospace engines

- 1990 Phase II, NAS3-26614, 3/97, rev. 5/03
- NASA Contact – Chi Ming Lee
- Company Contact – Anthony Anderson

- Glenn Research Center
- Aeropropulsion
- 3-103

**A Novel Approach****to Catalytic Combustion**

***Catalytic Combustion Flame***

- Advanced catalytic combustor for aeropropulsion
- and ground based engines
# Presentation: 300810

## Phases of the Moon

- Ramon Lopez

## Phases of the Moon - Discuss

- In your group discuss the origin of the phases of the Moon
- What questions do you have about phases of the Moon?

## Phases of the Moon - Explore

- Use the ball and lightsource to create a model of the Earth-Sun-Moon system
- From the perspective of the Earth observe the changes in the shape of the Moon as it goes around the Earth
- From the perspective of the Sun observe the changes in the shape of the Moon as it goes around the Earth

## Phases of the Moon - Reflect

- In your group discuss your observations of the Moon from the perspective of the Earth and the Sun.
- How do these observations compare with your initial ideas about the origin of the phases of the Moon?
- Did you answer the questions you had about phases of the Moon?

## Phases of the moon - Apply

- Draw a two dimensional drawing showing the orbit of the Moon around the Earth.
- Indicate on this drawing the phases of the Moon.

## Phases of the moon - ApplyDraw the relative positions of Earth and Moon

## Phases of the moon - Rubric

- level 0 - student does not participate
- level 1 - student drawing is incorrect and essentially identical to preassessment
- level 2 - student incorrectly labels the phases, but shows growth from preassessment
**level 3 - student correctly draws phases**
- level 4 - student draws correct picture with correct scale, or includes XZ and XY planes

## How was this lesson standards-based?What aspects of this adult activity do you want to include in your teacher professional development?

## Phases of the Moon - Context

- This kind of activity is not a stand-alone
- Questions will be raised about eclipses
- Misconceptions exist about the scale of the solar system
- When dealing with astronomy one should aim at building a coherent conceptual framework that is more expert-like than novice-like