# Presentation: 102168

## Heavy Quarkoniacc, bb

- Tomasz Skwarnicki
- Syracuse University

## Long and Short-lived Quarkonia

- SSS

- S

- 

- 

- Other
- states

**b**

**b**

**b**

**b**

- 

- 

- 

- 

**e******

**e******

- 

**e******

**e******

- Soft g

- Hard g

- Long distance
-  interactions

- Short distance
-  interactions

- Strong interactions

- Weak interactions

**W**

- New
- Physics ?

**        ****Strong interactions impact many measurements**
**    ****Need to understand**
**                    ****them.**
**New physics can**
**be strongly coupled.**

- Old Physics but
- still not completely
- understood

- Laboratory of strong interactions

- Factory of weakly decaying heavy flavors

- 3S
- ~ 24 keV

- 4S
- ~ 24 000 keV

- Strong int. physics

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Onia

| 
FORCES |  |  | 

System | 

         Ground triplet state  13S1 |  |  | 

   (v/c)2
 | Number of states below dissociation energy |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| binding | decay |  |  | Name | (MeV) | Mass (GeV) |  | n3S1 | all |
| POSITRONIUM |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| EM | EM |  | ee | Ortho- | 5 1015 | 0.001 | ~0.0
 | 2 | 8 |
| QUARKONIUM |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 
S
T
R
O
N
G | S
T
R
O
N
G |  | uu,dd |  | 150.00  | 0.8 | ~1.0 | 0 | 0 |
|  |  |  | ss |  | 4.40   | 1.0 | ~0.8 | “1” | “2” |
|  |  | 
E
M | cc |  | 0.09 | 3.1 | ~0.25 | 2  | 8  |
|  |  |  | bb |  | 0.05 | 9.5 | ~0.08 | 3  | 30 |
|  | weak |  | tt |  | (3000.0)  | (360.) | <0.01 | 0 | 0 |

- Consequences of **large m****Q**:
-   velocities of constituents are small                                                v
-   strong coupling constant in annihilation and production is small  s
- This opens avenues for **effective theories** of strong interactions:
-  purely phenomenological potential models
-  more recently NRQCD and much improved QCD on Lattice

- Expansion
- parameters

- Toponium
- is not a lab
- for QCD

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Predicted States

-        S=   0     1      0       1      0      1
-        L=      0              1              2

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Hadro-production

- Annihilation of n3S1-- (,) to  (ee) makes it possible for experimentalists to fish heavy quarkonia states out. This is how they were (co)discovered!
- Access to 13P2,1++ () by adding a photon
- So far not a player in spectroscopy (except for the discovery) or decay studies
- Physics in **production mechanism**
- Used also as **a probe** for a structure of the target (e.g. gluon content)

- (1S)

- (2S)

- (3S)

- M()   GeV

- J(1S)

- (2S)

- (1S)

- (2,3S)

- J(1S)

- Phenix

- 800 GeV p Cu(fixed)

- 200 GeV d Au

- E866

- CDF

- 1.8 TeV p p

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Hadro-production

- NRQCD (leading order)

- Beneke,Kramer PRD 55, 5269 (1997), CDF data

- Old news: color-octet contributions are important
-                  potential problem with polarization data

- NRQCD

- Polarization

- Cross-section

- Braaten, Kniehl, Lee PRD 62, 094005 (2000)

- CDF Run-II data:   http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/new/bottom/030327.blessed-jpsixsec/xsec_html/

- new:

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Photo- and Electro-production

- Large range of kinematical regimes and differential cross sections to inspect at HERA

- Difficult to reconcile all data with consistent theoretical approach (charm not heavy enough ?)

- J(1S)

- (2S)

- Large number of contributed papers by H1 and ZEUS!

- For a more complete review see e.g. Arnd Meyer at QWG Workshop CERN Nov.02
- http://alephwww.physik.uni-siegen.de/~quarkonium/WS-nov02/WStalks/meyer.pdf

- ZEUS

- H1

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Clean production environments

-       Most of what we know about quarkonia states and their decays comes from experiments at clean production environments, which are reversals of simple decay modes

- g

- n3S1 ,(n3D1)

**Q**

- 

**e******

**e******

**Q**

- 

**e******

**e******

**Q**

**Q**

- 

- 

- n1S0 ,n3P0,2

**Q**

**e******

**e******

**e******

**e******

- 

- 

- (       )

- g

- (       )

- g

- g

**Q**

**p**

**p**

- Large production rates
- Can study even small BR
- Small backgrounds - inclusive and exclusive decay modes
- Works only for vector states.
- Dedicated runs needed (one state at a time).
- Get them for free at ee machines
- Production rates are small
- Backgrounds - exclusive decay modes with large BR only
- So far only charmonium states
- All states can be formed
- Rates can be high
- Large backgrounds can be defeated by constrained kinematics exclusive decays only.
- Works for charmonium states only
- Dedicated runs needed (one state at a time)

- JPC=0****
- 0****2****

- JPC=1****

- ...n1P1 ...

- any JPC

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## pp Annihilation Results

- E835 experiment at FNAL (1996-97, 2000)
- non-magnetic detector ( and e detector)
- Extremely precise determinations of  c(13P2,1,0) masses and widths

- Example

- PL B533, 237 (2002)

- Submitted to PRL

- They are also analyzing 1M (2S) decays

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Singlet States at pp Annihilation 

- Recent measurement of c(11S0) mass by E835 PL B566, 45 (2003)
- Non-observation of c(21S0) by E760 and E835 PRD62, 052002 (2000)
- Saga of hc(11P1)
- Inconclusive evidence from R704 at ISR (1984)
- Better evidence claimed by E760 (1989-91) in pp→ hc →JJ→ee.                                Mass close to the center-of-gravity  of the triplet P-states (as expected if there are no long range spin-spin interactions)
- More statistics taken by E835 (also a better detector):
- Rumors of “disappearance” recently in print               CERN Cour.43N3:17-18,2003 and other preprints (non-E835 authors)
- Official statement from the collaboration:
- Looking at all available channels
- Not ready to report any results yet

- c

- Ecm (MeV)

- E760

- E835

- hc?

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Mass of c(1S) 

- Five new measurements

- 2979.9±1.0 MeV

*CL=0.5%  scale factor=1.5*
*Consistency problem*

- BES-II    58M J/
- Phys.Lett. B555, 174 (2003)

- weight

- c

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Width of c(1S) 

- Four new measurements

*e*+ *e*–   *e*+ *e*– ***c*

*e*+ *e*–   *J*/** **

- BaBar 88 fb-1   *Preliminary*

- 25.0±3.3 MeV

- PDG: 16.1±3.1 MeV

- tot(***c*) = (33.3 ± 2.5 ± 0.8) MeV

- 29.1±2.5 MeV  *CL=15%*
- Excluding R704 and C.BALL

*CL=0.05%  scale factor=1.8*
*Serious consistency problem!*

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Rediscovery of c(21S0) 

- B-meson gateway to charmonium states

**b**

**c**

**c**

- W

- s

-  All states can be formed
-  Backgrounds can be suppressed by B meson mass constraint. Additional constraint at e+e : EB=Ebeam.
-  Get them for free when doing B physics
-  Rates can be very low
-  Exclusive final states

- B

- K(*)

- 3654 ± 6 ± 8 MeV

- B→ K(KsK+)

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Double charm production at Belle

- Much debated theoretical puzzle!

- 3630 ± 8 MeV
- 1.9 different

- Belle 102 fb-1
- Updated this year

*Preliminary*

- ~10 times larger than expected

- ~ 1 pb

- ~ 0.06 pb

- ~ 0.06 pb

*2002 *
*results*

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Confirmation of c(21S0) in -collisions

- c(2S)

- c(2S)

- c(2S)

- c(1S)

- 3637.7±4.4 MeV

*CL=14%  scale factor=1.3*
*New measurements of mass are*
*consistent*

- tot(c(2S)) = (19±10) MeV

- ee→ JX

- B→ K(KsK+)

- (2S) →X

- → KsK+

- → KsK+

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Predictions for hyperfine splitting ratio

- For 20 years theorists were exposed to the experimental value of M2S=M((2S))-M(c(2S)) which was wrong by a factor of 2
- Predictions for M2S/M1S

- New exp.
- value

- Old exp.
- value

- pNRQCD
- S.Recksiegel,Y.Sumino
- hep-ph/0305178

- M2S/M1S

- Lattice QCD
- M.Okamoto et al
- (CP-PACS)
- PRD65, 094508(2002)

- Modern potential
- model
- TA Lahde,
- NP,A714,183(2003)

- S. N. Jena PL B123,
- 445 (1983).

- H. Ito, Prog. of Theor.
- Phys. 84, 94 (1990)

- Number of potential
- models/0.05

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## First CLEO-c Results

- C.Ball’82 signal directly ruled out

- Number of resonance decays (106)

- (3S)

- (2S)

- (1S)

- (2S)

- CLEO-c is the first experiment since the Crystal Ball which is able to look at** inclusive **photons from (2S)

| Detector | Calorimeter
crystals | E resolution at E=100 MeV |
| --- | --- | --- |
| CLEO-III or c | CsI(Tl) |   4.5 MeV |
| CUSB-II | BGO |   4.2 MeV |
| Crystal Ball | NaI(Tl) |   4.8 MeV |
| BES-II | Not crystalic | 70    MeV |

- C.Ball 82

- CLEO-c 2003
- 90% CL U.L. limit on
- BR((2S) →c(2S))

- c(2S)?

- c(1P2)

- c(1P1)

- c(1P0)

- 2.7 pb-1
- 1.5M (2S)

*Preliminary*

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## E1 and M1 transitions from (2S)

- Good agreement on branching ratios
- Hindered M1 transition confirmed!
- E1 photons will fix absolute energy scale for b(1PJ,2PJ) mass measurements

- (2S) →c(1S)
- 8.2 significant

- BR((2S) →c(1S)) in %

- BR((2S) →c(1PJ))  in %

- E in MeV

- Bkg.
- subtracted

- c(1S)

*Preliminary*

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Photon Spectroscopy in CLEO

- 1

- 2

- 3

- 4

- 5

*6*

- 1

- 2

- 3

- 5,4

*6*

- 2

- 1

- 3

*6*
- 5,4

- 8

- 7

- 9

*6*
- 5,4

- 7

- 8

- 9

- 10

- 11

*12*

*12*
- 11,10

- 13,14,*15*

*15*
- 14,13

- 16,17
- 18

- 16,17
- 18

- J=2
- 1
- 0

- J=2
- 1
- 0

- E  M(n3PJ)
- BR * tot  E1

- (2S)

- (2S)

- (3S)

-  g g g

-  g g g

- M1: no hindered transitions detected in  decays ( no observations of b(1S,2S) )
- E1:
- rare (33S1)  b(13PJ) transitions observed with good statistics
- Suppressed  b(2,13P0)  (23S1, 13S1) also observed
- precision measurements in progress

- E1

- M1

- A

- B

- C

- A

- B

- C

- A

*e**+**e****-***
************************

*e**+**e****-***
************************

- g    g

- g    g

- g    g

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## E1,M1 rates vs predictions

- Only recent calculations of M1 rates consistent with all the data
- Relativistic corrections needed (triangles) to describe E1 rates in charmonium. Corrections small in bottomonium.
- Small matrix element 33S1  13PJ difficult to predict (cancellations)

- bb

- 13S1  11S0

- 23S1  11S0

- 23S1  11S0

- 33S1  21S0

- 33S1  11S0

- 23S1  13PJ

- 23S1  13PJ

- 33S1  23PJ

- 33S1  13PJ

- allowed range

- bb

- M1 matrix elements

- E1 matrix elements (GeV-1)

- Lahde 03

- Ebert  03

- McClary 83

- Grotch 84

- 33S1  13PJ

- 33S1  23PJ

*S.Godfrey*

- time

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## b1P→ 1Sobserved by CLEO

- First observed hadronic transistion in heavy quarkonia, which is not between triplet-S states. First new transition in about 20 years.
- E1*E1*E1 type. No spin dependence (Voloshin) – consistent with the data
- No theoretical predictions for the rate of this transition

- b(23P0)

- 

- 

*e**+**e****-******,***************************

- M() GeV

- E MeV

- 

- BRb1P2→ 1S= (1.1±0.3±0.1)%   BRb1P1→ 1S= (1.6±0.3±0.2)%

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## New state observed by Belle

- B± → K±(J/ )

- → ee*or*  

- | M() MJ/ | <20 MeV

- hadronic event
- R2 < 0.4
- | cosB | < 0.8

- M=

- 
- Mb.c.

*Preliminary*

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Signal is clearly from B decays

- Fit beam-constrained mass (Mb.c.) in bins of the mass of the produced system (MJ/+ M)

- B

- B

- Belle
- B± → K±(J/ )

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Properties of the state

- 34.4±6.5 events,   statistical significance 8.6
- Mass: 3871.8±0.7±0.4 MeV
- Observed width consistent with the detector resolution.
- Natural width < 3.5 MeV at 90% C.L.

**...**

- (2S)

- New State

- Number of B± → K±(J/ )
-  events / 5 MeV

*Control sample*
*for mass scale and*
*resolution*

- Belle
- B± → K±(J/ )

*Preliminary*

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Possible interpretations

- The mass of the state is right at the D0D*0 threshold!
- This suggests a loosely bound D0D*0  molecule, right below the dissociation energy
- “Molecular Charmonium” discussed in literature since 1975:
- Triggered by complicated structure of (ee→hadrons) observed at SPEAR
- M. Bander, G.L. Shaw, P. Thomas, PRL 36, 695 (1976)
- M.B. Voloshin, L.B. Okun JETP Lett. 23, (1976), Pisma Zh.Eksp.Teor.Fiz.23, 369 (1976)
- A.De Rujula, H.Georgi, S.L.Glashow, PRL 38 (1977)
- Interactions described by pion-exchange give attractive force for DD*, BB*
- N.A. Tornqvist, PRL 67, 556 (1991), Z.Phys. C61, 525(1994)
- A.V. Manohar, M.B. Wise,Nucl.Phys. B339, 17(1993)

| Quantity | MeV | MX Mthreshold  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| MX | 3871.8±0.7±0.4 |  |
| MD0 MD*0 | 3871.5±0.7 | +0.3±1.1  |
| MD+ MD*+  | 3879.5±0.7 | 7.7±1.1  |

- D0D*0
- molecule

- Diquark
- Model
*(Qq) are *
*colored*

- Loose binding

*A different idea*
*from that time:*

- e.g.
- C.Rosenzweig
- PRL 36,697 (76)

- Decays to (QQ)+(light mesons) via quark
- rearrangement which suppresses the width.

- Q

- Q

- q

- Stronger binding

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Possible interpretations

-  A (13D2) state:
- Because D-states have negative parity, spin-2 states cannot  decay to DD
- They are narrow as long as below the DD* threshold
-  2(11D2) preferentially decays to hc(11P1). Decays to  J/ would be of magnetic type and are suppressed.
- Some models predict large widths for (13D2) →  J/
- All models predict even larger widths for (13D2) → c (13P2,1)  Should easily see              (13D2) →  J/
- Discovery of the signal is very recent. Belle is working on this channel but is not ready to present any results.

- 2(11D2)

- (13D2)

- (13D3)

- (13D1)

- 

- J

****

****

****

****

- 

- 

- 7%

- 65%

- 14%

- 32%

- 20%

- Based on:
- E.J.Eichten, K.Lane
- C.Quigg
- PRL 89,162002(2002)

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## CLEO has observed (13D2) 

- Preliminary results presented at ICHEP’02
- Update: more data and better background suppression

- 

- 

- 

- 

- M((13D2))= 10161.1±0.6±1.6 MeV

**B(********(3S)** →**********(1D) **→** ************ ********(1S) **→** ************************) **
**.                                   =(2.6±0.5±0.5) 10****-5**

*Recoil mass*

- BR3S→ 1DJ x BR1DJ→ 1S2.3 10-4

- Godfrey&Rosner PRD64,097501(2001)
-              3.8                10-5

- Scaling to cc using M(2S)-M(1S):
- M((13D2))~3831 MeV
- Scaling to cc using M(1P)-M(1S):
- M((13D2))~3780 MeV
- vs
-           MX = 3872 MeV

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## 3S→ (1S), (1S) → 

- CLEO
- data

- 1D2

- 2S

- BR3S→ 2S x BR2S→ 1S
- =(0.95 ±0.05)10-2    (statistical error only)

- Ratio to PDG based value:  1.20±0.18

**No signal is observed. **At 90% C.L.:

- BR3S→ 1D2 x BR1D2→ 1S
- 1.1 10-4

- BR3S→ 1DJ x BR1DJ→ 1S
- 2.7 10-4
- for M(1DJ) in 10140-10180

|  | CLEO 90% CL | Kuang-Yan | Moxhay | Ko |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1D2 | <1.1 | 9.2 | 0.049 | 0.39 |
| 1DJ | <2.7 | 17.7 | 0.094 | 0.75 |

- 

- With Rosner’s production rates

- Voloshin et al
- approach
- 

- ?

- Search for(13D2) → 1S

- Control signal

- The1D2 results confirm that
- photon transitions are the
- dominant decays of D-state
- heavy quarkonia below the
- open flavor threshold

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Potential Models Mass Predictions

- What do potential models say about mass of (13D2), (13D2) ?
- Plot predictions for 13D2 states, and for the observed states above flavor threshold, (3770), (4S) ,vs. “quality of a model”      (RMS of M= Mtheory-Mdata for states below the flavor threshold)

- (Mcc)  MeV

- (Mbb)  MeV

- M(1D2) or M(4S1) [MeV]

- M(1D1) or M(1D2) [MeV]

- (3770)

- X(3872)

- measured mass

- All models expect for Fulcher, PRD44,2079(91), predict (13D2) mass to be ~70 MeV lower than the measured X(3872) mass. At the same time good quality models reproduce (13D2) mass very well.
- Coupled channel effects would push the Fulcher’s predictions down >30 MeV.
- None of the models can accommodate (3770) and X(3872) in the same 13DJ triplet! Can coupled channel effects and (13D1)(23S1) mixing change this?

- ~30 MeV
- correction
- needed
- to the (4S)
-  mass

- cc

- bb

- 6 cog masses in the test

- 3 cog masses in the test

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Relation of (13D2) →  J/ to → J/

- (2S)

- J

- (3770)

- 

- 

- Mixing
-  (?)

- These are E1*E1 transitions. No spin dependence. Width for (13D2) →  J/
- should differ from 13D2→ J/ mostly by the phase space factor.

- Observed states.

- Mixing induced → J1Sis
- predicted to be small    BR~0.04%     [Kuang,Yan]

- Yan, Kuang *et al* predict:    * *BR ~ 0.1-0.5%
- In Voloshin et al approach the rate would be at least a factor of 10 smaller

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## → J/ at BES II

- Data sample: 8.0±0.5 pb-1 (20% scan), (5.7±1.3)104 decays
- Efficiency: 17.1%
- Claim 9 events including 2.2±0.4 background events

- → J

- ee→ 2S
- 2S→ J

- → J

- 4C fit (E=Ecm,P=0)

- ee→ 2S
- 2S→ J
- MC

- data

- E()  GeV

- E()  GeV

- M()  GeV

- 
- events

- BR3770→J(1S))
- =(0.59±0.26±0.16) %

- LARGE!

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## → J/ at CLEO-c

- ee→ 2S
- 2S→ J

- 3770→ J

- 2S

- 1300.0 pb-1

- 2S

- 2.7 pb-1

- 5.2 pb-1

- k3770

- ?

- = 37%

- calibration modes

- 2S→ 1S

- 2S→ J

- 21,300 events

- 21,000 events

- 232 events

-  events
- After cuts on M() to make
-  it near M(J) or M(2S)

- Ecm -Mass recoiling 

- = 37%

- = 26%

- Data sample: 5.2±0.2 pb-1, (4.5±0.4)104 decays
- Efficiency: 37.1%
- < 4.75 events at 90% C.L.

- B=1.5T

- 1.0T

- 1.0T

- BR3770→J(1S))
- <0.26%             at 90% C.L.

- More data coming:
- BES-II   is analyzing additional 12 pb-1
- CLEO-c  is scheduled to take 50 pb-1 this fall
-                eventually 2 fb-1 (to study D-decays)

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Dipion mass distribution in Belle’s data

- Peaking at high values of M() for  (2S) → J/2S)  can be explained in the multipole expansion model
- For (1D) → J/2S) the mutipole model predicts less pronounced peaking.

- (2S)

- X(3872)

- Scaled sidebands

- T.M.Yan PRD22,1652(1980)

- Belle
- B± → K±(J/ )

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Data for the new X(3872) state is very strongly peaked at high M() values. Even stronger peaking than for 2S → 1S  transitions.
Fit of the shape predicted for (1D) → J/2S) by Yan gives low confidence level – 0.5%
Either multipole expansion model fails here or X(3872) is not a (13D2) state 

- Fit of the shape predicted for (1D) → J/2S) by Yan gives low confidence level – 0.5%
- Either multipole expansion model fails here or X(3872) is not a (13D2) state

- Scaled sidebands

- Dipion mass distribution

- X(3872)

***Belle data.**** *
*Rebinned and sideband subtracted by TS.*
*(not corrected for efficiency)*

- X(3872)

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## J/and (2S) decays at BES

- J/and (2S) decays at BES

- J/pp

**M(pp)-2m****p **(GeV)

**0**

**0.1**

**0.2**

**0.3**

- phase space

- acceptance

- Gateway to light hadron spectroscopy
- “” puzzle
- BES-II has the largest samples (58M J/, 14M (2S))
- Recent results:
- Confirm resonant structure              at the pp threshold
- Observe c(1PJ) →Branching ratios larger than expected.
- Improved measurements of J/and (2S) → KS0KL0 rates

**M=1859 ****             MeV**
****** ****< 30 MeV/c****2**** (90% CL)**

** ****+3    +5**
******10  ********25**

- c(1PJ) →

**>** 12% =

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## (1S)(2S)and(3S)decays at CLEO

- Can Upsilon decays shed some light at the “” puzzle in charmonium?
- CLEO-III has the largest samples (21M (1S)9M (2S)5M (3S))
- Preliminary results on two-body decays:
- Observe signals for (1S)→ f2’(1525) and K1(1400)K, BR ~ 10-5
- Set limits for the others
- Tightest limit: BR((1S)→ )< 4 10-6 .More than (MJ//M(1S))6 suppression relative to the charmonium.

- Etot/ECM

- MC

- (4S)
- scaled

- data

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Other BaBar results

- Also:
- B± → K±c→ K± pp 
- Mass, width and ee of (4S)

- Comparable rates

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki

## Summary and Outlook

- Heavy quarkonium physics has been experimentally revitalized:
- Large data samples collected for quarkonia in eeannihilation by BES-II (cc) and CLEO-III (bb). Also E835 pp (cc). Still being analyzed.
- CLEO-c program has started (first ’ and ’’ results from 1 wiggler runs)
- B-gateway to charmonium now wide open with ~300M B decays at Belle and BaBar
- Similar progress in theory (NRQCD, Lattice QCD)
- Longer range outlook:
- Charmonium results from BES-II, CLEO-c/CESR-c (L~ 1-5 1032 cm-2 s-1) and later from BES-III/BEPC-II (approved in Feb.03! L~1033 cm-2 s-1. 2007-)
- Belle and BaBar will continue to produce charmonium results from even more B-meson decays
- Charmonium physics from B mesons produced at hadronic machines? (Run II, BTeV and LHCb)
- Charmonium at dedicated pp machine? PANDA project at GSI: (675 M€, >2008-)
- More Upsilon runs at CESR??? Upsilon runs at SLAC and KEK???
- X(3872) discovered by Belle is a good looking candidate for DD* molecule:
- Charmonium played crucial role in establishing qq model for mesons. It may be now telling us that we need to go beyond it to describe all hadronic bound state phenomena. Only a **heavy **quarkonium system can provide a convincing proof for existence of both forms.

- Lepton-Photon 2003      Heavy Quarkonia      Tomasz Skwarnicki