# Presentation: 828362

## Congestion Management at LaGuardia Airport

- DDETFP Research Showcase
- Michael Reyes
- January 11, 2005

## Outline

- Background of LGA
- Congestion Management Game
- Discussion of 2 rounds of Game – Congestion Pricing

- Source: terraserver.microsoft.com

## LaGuardia Airport Background

- Opened in 1939
- Since 1968, restricted by High Density Rule (HDR) to 1200 flights per day
- April 2000 – AIR 21 eased these restrictions – saw demand of up to 1450 flights/day
- December 2000 – FAA limited to 1350/day
- Slot Lottery now used for new entrants

- Source: terraserver.microsoft.com

## LaGuardia Airport

- 2 Intersecting Runways
- 680 Acres
- Capacity between 1250 and 1350 operations per day
- 23.8 million annual passengers (MAP)

- Source: terraserver.microsoft.com

## LGA Demand Management

- Adding Capacity may be unrealistic
- FAA & DOT working on a long term plan to manage large demand at LaGuardia (and others)
- Options Considered:
- Administrative (Modify HDR)
- Congestion Pricing
- Auctioning Slots

## Congestion Management Game – Nov. 3-5, 2004

- Game simulated some of the options
- Representatives from:
- Major Airlines
- Govt. Agencies
- NEXTOR Universities, including MIT
- NEXTOR = National Center of Excellence for Aviation Operations Research
**Non-Disclosure Agreement**

## 3 Major Airline Teams

- American
- Delta
- US Airways – no representatives attended

- www.aa.com

- www.usair.com

- www.delta.com

## 3 Additional Airline Teams

- Spirit Airlines
- Other carriers
- Unscheduled operators

- www.spiritair.com

- money.usatoday.com

## 2 Government Teams

- FAA & US DOT
- Port Authority (owns LGA)

- www.faa.gov

- www.panynj.gov

- www.dot.gov

## Congestion Pricing, Round 1...

## Congestion Pricing, Round 1 Fee Schedule

| Scheduled Time of Departure or Arrival | Round One Fee per Operation |
| --- | --- |
| 23:30-00:29 | $275 |
| 00:30-01:29 | $275 |
| 01:30-02:29 | $275 |
| 02:30-03:29 | $275 |
| 03:30-04:29 | $275 |
| 04:30-05:29 | $275 |
| 05:30-06:29 | $275 |
| 06:30-07:29 | $600 |
| 07:30-08:29 | $800 |
| 08:30-09:29 | $800 |
| 09:30-10:29 | $800 |
| 10:30-11:29 | $600 |

| Scheduled Time of Departure or Arrival | Round One Fee per Operation |
| --- | --- |
| 11:30-12:29 | $600 |
| 12:30-13:29 | $800 |
| 13:30-14:29 | $800 |
| 14:30-15:29 | $600 |
| 15:30-16:29 | $600 |
| 16:30-17:29 | $800 |
| 17:30-18:29 | $800 |
| 18:30-19:29 | $800 |
| 19:30-20:29 | $800 |
| 20:30-21:29 | $600 |
| 21:30-22:29 | $600 |
| 22:30-23:29 | $275 |

## Congestion Pricing, Round 1 Gaming Summary

|  | Total Baseline Ops. | # Cut | # Added | Net Change | % Change | New Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| American | 284 | 18 | 20 | Added 2 | 0.70% | 286 |
| Delta | 254 | 71 | 5 | Cut 66 ops | -25.98% | 188 |
| US Air | 424 | 88 | 12 | Cut 76 ops | -17.92% | 348 |
| Spirit | 44 | 12 | 12 | No Change | 0.00% | 44 |
| Other | 386 | 20 | 2 | Cut 18 ops | -4.66% | 368 |
| Unscheduled | 36 | 7 | 29 | Added 22 ops | 61.11% | 58 |
| Total | 1428 | 216 | 80 | Cut 136 ops | -9.52% | 1292 |

## On to Congestion Pricing, Round 2...

## Congestion Pricing, Round 2 Fee Schedule

| Scheduled
Time | Round Two
Fee per
Operation | Change
From 
Round 1 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 23:30-00:29 | $275 | - |
| 00:30-01:29 | $275 | - |
| 01:30-02:29 | $275 | - |
| 02:30-03:29 | $275 | - |
| 03:30-04:29 | $275 | - |
| 04:30-05:29 | $275 | - |
| 05:30-06:29 | $275 | - |
| 06:30-07:29 | $600 | - |
| 07:30-08:29 | $800 | - |
| 08:30-09:29 | $1000 | $200 |
| 09:30-10:29 | $1000 | $200 |
| 10:30-11:29 | $1000 | $400 |

| Scheduled Time | Round Two Fee per Operation | Change From Round 1 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 11:30-12:29 | $1000 | $400 |
| 12:30-13:29 | $800 | - |
| 13:30-14:29 | $1000 | $200 |
| 14:30-15:29 | $1000 | $400 |
| 15:30-16:29 | $1200 | $600 |
| 16:30-17:29 | $1200 | $400 |
| 17:30-18:29 | $1200 | $400 |
| 18:30-19:29 | $800 | - |
| 19:30-20:29 | $800 | - |
| 20:30-21:29 | $600 | - |
| 21:30-22:29 | $600 | - |
| 22:30-23:29 | $275 | - |

## Congestion Pricing, Round 2 Gaming Summary

|  | Total Baseline Ops. | Round 1 Total | # Cut | # Added | Net Change | % Change | New Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| American | 284 | 286 | 20 | 0 | Cut 20 ops | -6.99% | 266 |
| Delta | 254 | 188 | 0 | 0 | No Change | 0.00% | 188 |
| US Air | 424 | 348 | 0 | 0 | No Change | 0.00% | 348 |
| Spirit | 44 | 44 | 10 | 8 | Cut 2 ops | -4.55% | 42 |
| Other | 386 | 368 | 3 | 7 | Added 4 Ops | 1.09% | 372 |
| Unscheduled | 36 | 58 | 12 | 12 | No Change | 0.00% | 58 |
| Total | 1428 | 1292 | 45 | 27 | Cut 18 Ops | -1.39% | 1274 |

## Summary of Congestion Management Gaming Moves

|  | Baseline | Laissez 
Faire | Admin.,
Round 1 | Admin.,
 Round 2 | Cong.
Pricing,
 Round 1 | Cong.
Pricing, 
Round 2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cancellation
$ | $583,803 | $444,688 | $307,967 | $337,668 | $404,382 | $342,329 |
| Delay $ | $739,855 | $787,340 | $589,837 | $461,246 | $575,135 | $557,354 |
| Total to
Passengers | $1,323,658 | $1,232,028 | $897,804 | $798,914 | $979,517 | $899,683 |
| Airport Fees | $360,241 | $357,021 | $341,000 | $332,200 | $866,513 | $891,688 |
| Operations | 1428 | 1386 | 1240 | 1208 | 1292 | 1274 |

## Conclusions on Gaming

- Gaming – an interesting tool, presents likely effects of actions
- Problems?
- US Airways, for example
- Overall – interesting, but not perfect

## Proposed Research

- Congestion Mitigation at Airports
- Congestion Pricing: application to airports, as in game
- Auctioning of Slots: to be gamed in February, University of Maryland