# Presentation: 125591

## Results and Perspective at CDF and D0

**The Tevatron and Main Injector**
**CDF and D0 Detectors**
**Physics**
**QCD**
**Flavor Physics, Bottom and Top**
**Electroweak**
**Beyond the standard model**
**The Higgs**
**Conclusions**

_**H. E. Montgomery,**__**Cargese, ‘99**_

## Acknowledgements

**Franco Bedeschi**
**Al Goshaw**
**Cecilia Gerber**
**Steve Holmes**
**Greg Landsberg**
**John Marriner**
**Shekhar Mishra**
**Maria Roco**
**Greg Snow**
**Monica Techio**
**Andre Turcot**
**Harry Weerts**
**John Womersley**

## Livingston Plot

**Increased Luminosity -->**
**Increased Constituent CM Energy**
**1800 --> 2000 GeV --> 40% for Top X sec**

## Protons or Antiprotons? - The Physics

**Quark - antiquark processes**
- Dominant when subprocess cms energy is large fraction of total “high x, valence partons”
- top production at Tevatron\
**Gluon-Gluon Interactions**
- Dominant when subprocess cms energy is small fraction of total “low x, sea partons”
- top production at LHC
- low mass Higgs production at LHC

## Protons or Antiprotons? - The Machine

**History of complex!**
- What machines have you already?
**Pbarp, single magnetic ring**
- SppbarS at CERN
- Tevatron at FNAL
**BUT need pbar production and cooling, a limitation**
**pp two magnetic rings, but helped by 2 in 1 design**
- (SSC)
- Large Hadron Collider

## Slide 6

## Main Injector Performance

**Mixed Mode delivers ****5.0 10****12**** ****to pbar target and ****2.5 10****13**** ****to experimental target every ****1.87**** or ****2.87**** seconds.**

## Proton Economics

**Collider/NuMI Mode delivers ****5.0 10****12**** ****to pbar target and ****2.5 10****13**** ****to experimental target every ****1.87**** ****secs****.**
**<5% impact on pbar production**
**Collider/Slow Spill Mode delivers ****5.0 10****12**** ****to pbar target and ****2.5 10****13**** ****to experimental target every ****2.87 secs****.**
**15-20 % impact on pbar production**
**stores will be longer, RECYCLER helps.**
**Slip Stacking(x2), **
**Booster Aperture(x~1.5) => **
**            ****5-10 10****13****  protons ultimately.**

## Luminosity

**Beam Sizes**

**Beam Shape Form factor **
**at Intersection**

**Total **
**Antiprotons**

**Protons in **
**Bunch**

**Frequency**

## Antiprotons

**Production**
- 120 Gev Protons impact on target
- 8 GeV antiprotons produced, large angles
- focussed using Lithium Lens
**Accumulation**
- antiprotons injected into large aperture accelerators
-  Debuncher
- Accumulator
- Recycler
**Cooling**
-  multiple stochastic cooling systems
- different bandwidth systems react to different characteristics of the beam
**Acceleration**
- Main Injector 8 to 150 GeV
- Tevatron 150 GeV - 1000 GeV

## Antiprotons

**Recycling**
- during store luminosity reduces
- main effect is dilution of bunches (as compared to pbar attrition due to collisions)
- at end of store, half of antiprotons remain
- Reuse them!
- Deccelerate to 120 GeV
- extract from Tevatron into Main Injector
- decelerate to 8 GeV
- extract into Recycler Ring
**Recycler Ring**
- Permanent Magnet Storage Ring
- Magnetic field controlled by mechanical construction of magnets
- Reliable, less dependent on power glitches!
- Also used for cooling antiprotons after production and Accumulator

## Tevatron Collider Parameters

## Interactions per Crossing: Tevatron Collider 

## Tevatron Luminosity Evolution

## Main Injector Status

** **Civil Construction Complete
-   Installation Complete except
-   Commissioning
- Beam Accelerated to 150 GeV                         ( Injection Energy to Tevatron)
- Beam Accelerated to 120 GeV
- 95% Efficiency
- 2.5 sec cycle time
- 1.0 1013 protons per cycle
**MI operating near design params.**
**MI now operating for physics!**

## Main Injector

** **1 1013 protons/cycle

** ****2.5 sec cycle time**

## CDF

## CDF Key Features

- Muon Detector
- Scintillator Calorimeter, extended to higher eta
- Large Tracking volume
- Solenoid, 1.4 T
- Central Outer Tracker, open cell drift chamber, with stereo
- Intermediate Silicon Layers
- Silicon vertex tracker

## The CDFII Detector

- RETAINED FROM CDFI
- Solenoidal magnet
- Central and wall calorimeters
- Central and extension muon detectors

- NEW FOR CDFII
- Tracking system
- Silicon vertex detector (SVXII)
- Intermediate silicon layers (ISL)
- Central outer tracker (COT)
- Scintillating tile end plug calorimeter
- Intermediate muon detectors
- Front-end electronics (132 ns)
- Trigger system (pipelined)
- DAQ system (L1, L2, L3)

## CDF Tracking 	

## CDF COT

## CDF Tracking

## CDF Silicon

## CDF Trigger

## Beyond the Baseline proposal for CDF II: Layer  00

**Additional layer of low mass single-sided silicon detector @ r = 1.6 cm mounted around the beam-pipe**
_**FEATURES**_
**hit resolution: ****8********m****.**
**impact parameter resolution**** (                 )**
**              ****SVXI****         SVX II          ****SVX II + L00**
** **a** ****(********m)****         ****13****              10**** ****               **** ****7**
** **b** ****(********m*GeV)****    ****34****           38 ********76          ****22 ******** 27**** **
**adds only 2.5%  to existing number of SVXII channels.**
**will be radiation hard beyond 2 fb****-1****.**

## Beyond the Baseline proposal for CDF II: TOF

**Scintillator based time-of-flight detector to be placed between COT and the solenoid at r = 138 cm.**
**Exploit advanced R&D program.**
_**FEATURES**_
**single bar average timing resolution 100 ps.**
******/K separation at 2******** level for P****t**** < 1.6 GeV/c.**
**need very stable (<25 ps) clock to measure t****0****.**
** **

**200**** ps**

**1.6 GeV**

- K/

- p/

**Time difference as** **a function of**** ****p****t**

**dE/dx in COT **
**~ 1-1.5******** separation**
**for p****T**** > 2GeV**

## The D0 Detector

_***Calorimeter***_
**Uranium-liquid Argon**
**60,000 channels**

_***Muon System***_
**1.9T mag. Fe**
**Prop. drift tubes**
**40,000 channels**

## D0 Detector

_**D0 Detector**_

**New for Run II****       **
**      **
**Solenoidal magnet**
**Tracking, Fibers, Silicon**
**Forward Muons**
**Preshowers**
**FE Elect., DAQ**

##   D0 Tracking

**Solenoid **

**Central Preshower **

**Silicon **

**Fiber tracker **

**Forward Preshower **

**Level 0 **

-  ** **_**D0 Tracking**_

## D0 Fiber Tracker

_**D0 Fiber Tracker**_

- Barrels
- 8 carbon fiber barrels
- 20<r<50cm
- full coverage to= 1.7
- Scint Fibers
- m , multiclad
- 2.6m active length
- 10m clear waveguide to photodetector
- rad hard  (100 krad)                (10yr @ 20cm @1032)
- Fiber Ribbons
- 8 axial doublets
- 8 stereo doublets        (2o pitch)
- Readout
- 77,000 channels
- VLPC readout
- run at low temp (9 K)
- fast pickoff for trigger
- SVXII readout

**end view**

**side view**

## D0 Fiber Tracker

**Visible Light Photon Counter (VLPC)**
**Avalanche  Photo Diode**
**well matched to light from fiber (******** = 525 nm)**
**quantum efficiency ******
**fast response, high rate capability**
**Si:As (band gap = 0.05 eV)**
**high gain (********, low gain dispersion**
**operate at **
**  ****8<T<10 K**
**  ****6<V****bias****<7.5 V**

## D0 Silicon Detector Layout

*disk/barrel module*

*F disk*

*ladders*

*H disks*

## D0 Silicon Microstrip Tracker

_**D0 Silicon Microstrip Tracker**_

##  D0 Tracker Performance

**Combined Fiber, Silicon gives mass resolutions 30- 100 MeV for eg J/Psi, B mesons**

## DØ Calorimeter

- _DØ Calorimeter_

## D0 Muon Central Trigger Detectors

**A-******** counter design and prototyping complete **
**Grooved 1/2” scintillator with WLS fiber into a 1**** PMT**
**Good performance: ****50 p.e.’s, 1.5 ns resol.**
**Production to start June, ‘97**

## 50k mini-drift tubes (MDT), 3 layers 
1 < || < 2; 1x1 cm tubes
(4,3,3) decks in (A,B,C) layers
Prototyp MDT module built (48 8-cell tubes)
Test beam meas.  with MDT’s underway
Production start July ‘97
Design/layout/fabrication of prototype front-end electronics in progress

**1 < |********| < 2; 1x1 cm tubes**
**(4,3,3) decks in (A,B,C) layers**
**Prototyp MDT module built (48 8-cell tubes)**
**Test beam meas.  with MDT’s underway**
**Production start July ‘97**
**Design/layout/fabrication of prototype front-end electronics in progress**

_**D0 Muon  Forward Tracking Detector**_

**MDT module in test beam**

## Muon Forward Trigger Detector

- 1 < || < 2
- A,B,C-layers

_**Muon Forward Trigger Detector**_

- 4608 scint counters in 3 layers
**4000 MELZ PMT’s and 400 bases/shields in hand (90% received & tested)**
**Test beam measurements underway**
**Pixel production start July, ‘97**
**Design/layout/fabrication of prototype counter front-end electronics in progress**

- Segmentation:
-  = 0.1 4.5o

##  DØ in Run II

** ****DØ in Run II**

** ****Diffractive results based on rapidity gaps so far **
**Run II starts in year 2000 with major detector upgrades**
**Run II = 20 ******** 100 pb****-1**** = 2 fb****-1**
**Forward proton detector project**
**18 Roman pots**
** ****4 quadrupole spectrometer stations -- 4 directions**
** ****2 dipole spectrometer stations -- one direction**
**Quadrupole spectrometer**
**Few percent acceptance in the region of********< 0.05**
**Double Pomeron scattering -- tag outgoing p and p**
** ****Dipole spectrometer**
**Full acceptance for p with |t| < 3 GeV****2**** and 0.05 < ********< 0.1**
**Double Pomeron scattering (tag outgoing p; gap or **
**    ****p tag on other side), Diffractive jet and W production,**
**    ****Pomeron structure**

## B Production Features

_**B Production Features**_

******B**

******B**

****

## BTeV Experiment