# Presentation: 943987

## 4th Annual FAA International Aviation Safety Forum

- Global “Green” Skies:
- The Environmental Challenge
- November 30, 2007

## Panelists

- Steve Alterman, Cargo Airline Association
- 	(Moderator)
- Billy M. Glover, Boeing
- Renee Martin-Nagle, Airbus Americas
- John Meenan, Air Transport Association
- Dr. Robert Porteous, AirServices Australia
- Robert Shuter, Transport Canada
- Jessica Steinhilber, ACI-NA

## What Are the Environmental Challenges?

- Local Issues
- 		Noise
- 		Local Air Quality (Emissions)
- 		Water Quality
- Global Issues
- 		Climate Change/Global Warming
- Interdependencies Among Issues – Arriving at the Right Balance

## Forums

- Local Communities
- State Governments
- National Governments
- Regional Alliances
- International Organizations (ICAO)

## Noise

- Historical Perspective
- 		Over 90% decrease in population 	exposed to 65 dB noise (US) since 	1975
- 		Decrease in spite of over doubling in 	enplanements over the same period
- 		BUT. . .

## Noise

- This downward trend has leveled off and it is likely that those affected by aircraft noise will increase slightly in the coming years as operations grow to meet demand

## Local Air Quality (Emissions)

- Local air quality pollutants (NOx, SOx, CO, HC, PM) have declined significantly since 1980
- NOx has been the most challenging pollutant to constrain
- With respect to NOx, transportation accounts for more than 55% of emissions, but aviation accounts for only approximately 0.4%

## Water Quality

- An emerging issue for the airport community
- Aircraft de-icing the major source of potential water pollution

## Climate Change/Global Warming

- Aviation’s contribution to the total Greenhouse Gas Emissions is less than 3%, BUT . . .
- This contribution is expected to increase over the next few decades
- As a *political *matter, climate change is a major force in the debate over the future of aviation.

## Climate Change/Global Warming

- The European rhetoric:
- 		Flying kills. We all know it, and we all do it. And we won’t stop doing it 	until the Government reverses its policy and starts closing the 	runways.  *London Guardian, February 28, 2006*
- 		We should tax aviation so heavily...that within 10 years there should 	be virtually no domestic flights.  *Conservative MP Tim Yeo, Jan. 2007*
*	**	*Every time someone dies as a result of the floods in Bangladesh, an 	airline executive should be dragged out of his office and 	drowned.  *George Monibot, Guardian Newspaper, December 2006**	*

## Climate Change/Global Warming

- In the United States
- 		Addressing global warming is a major element of the 	 	agenda of the current Congress.
- 		S. 2191, a bill to address climate change across the broad 	spectrum of U.S. industry, is quickly moving through the United 	States senate.
- 		If enacted, this legislation will significantly increase the price of 	fuel to aviation interests.

## Climate Change/Global Warming

- On the other hand. . .
- 		When communism didn’t work out, environmentalism became the 	anti-capitalist vehicle of choice. . . .
- 		Environmental pressure groups have no use for limiting 	governmental powers or expanding individual liberties.  	Instead, environmental claims are without fail invoked to 	advance the statist agenda.
- 		Green lunacy has so run amok that respectable political figures. 	. .say that modern energy use poses a “greater threat than 	terrorism”.
- 		*Horner, The Politically Incorrect Guide to Global Warming and **	**Environmentalism.*

## What Does All This Mean?

- There are strongly held beliefs on all sides of this issue, but, as a practical matter. . .
- 		Environmental issues promise to be a 	major inhibition on aviation growth.
- 		The issues must be seriously addressed by 	the entire aviation community at both the 	local and international levels.

## Attacking the Issues

- Reducing Fuel Burn
- 		Short Term – Operational Opportunities
- 		Mid Term – Infrastructure Improvements
- 		Long Term – New Technologies
- 			Aircraft Technologies
- 			Alternative Fuels
- Limiting Aviation Operations
- 		Market Based Options

## Market Based Options

- Fuel Taxes
- Emissions Trading Schemes
- Carbon Taxes or Charges
- Offsets