# Presentation: 506411

## Cyberinfrastructure:Revolutionizing Science & Engineering

- Priscilla P. Nelson
- Senior Advisor, Directorate for Engineering (ENG)
- National Science Foundation
- _p__[nelson@nsf.gov](mailto:Pnelson@nsf.gov)_
- 703-292-7013

**Notes:**
Cyberinfrastructure:Revolutionizing Science & Engineering
Peter A. Freeman
NSF Assistant Director for Computer and Information Science and Engineering (CISE)

CENIC 2003

May 9, 2003

## Overview

- Examples of the CI revolution
- What ***is*** cyberinfrastructure?
- Building cyberinfrastructure
- Discussion

**Notes:**
Overview
Examples of the revolution
What is cyberinfrastructure?
Building cyberinfrastructure
Discussion

## The Challenge of Genomic Sequencing

- CDC, CDC/Dr. Erskine Palmer

*Homo* *sapiens*(humans)

*Haemophilus influenzae*

*The Challenge of Genomic Sequencing*

- One of the great scientific revolutions in the 20th century and only beginning.
- Completing the Human Genome Project could have taken decades to accomplish without the power of today’s computers and a suite of sophisticated software.
- The Age of Biotechnology lies before us - enabled by cyberinfrastructure.

**Notes:**
The Challenge of Genomic Sequencing

From the tiny genome of the first bacterium sequenced, Haemophilus influenzae, with 1.8 million base pairs, to the 3.12 billion that comprise the human genome was a leap of enormous magnitude. Researchers from Celera Genomics, who helped sequence the human genome, estimate that assembly of the 3.12 billion base pairs of DNA required 500 million trillion sequence comparisons.

## National Virtual Observatory (NVO)

**	****Composite image of the supernova remnant E0102-72, created from three separate data sources: radio (red), x-ray (blue), and optical (green). **

**Credits: x-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO, optical: NASA/HST, radio: CSIRO/ATNF/ATCA.**

- The goal: To put the “universe on the grid.”
- unite astronomical databases of many observatories
- access latest computer technologies and data storage and analysis
- NVO will make possible significant interactions between large datasets and large-scale theoretical simulations of astrophysical systems.
- NVO will maximize the potential for new scientific insights from data by making them available in a federated accessible form to researchers, amateur astronomers, and students.
- NVO will change astronomy as we know it.

**Notes:**
National Virtual Observatory (NVO)
	Composite image of the supernova remnant E0102-72, created from three separate data sources: radio (red), x-ray (blue), and optical (green). 

Images such as these, taken with different types of telescopes, give astronomers a much more complete picture of supernova explosions, can map how the elements necessary for life are dispersed, and measure the energy of the matter as it expands into the galaxy. 

The radio image was made using the Australia Telescope Compact Array. The radio waves are  due to extremely high energy electrons spiraling around magnetic field lines in the gas and trace the outward moving shock wave. The Chandra X-ray image, shown in blue, shows gas that has been heated to millions of degrees Celsius by the rebounding, or reverse shock wave.  The X-ray data show that this gas is rich in oxygen and neon. These elements were created by nuclear reactions inside the star and hurled into space by the supernova. The Hubble Space Telescope optical image shows dense clumps of oxygen gas that have "cooled" to about 30,000 degree Celsius. 

## George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES)

- Researchers from anywhere will be able to operate equipment and observe experiments anywhere on the net.
- Researchers have recently conducted first test of web-interface technology.
- Shake table vibrated a model bridge with 100 sensors attached that streamed video and data to engineers
- Connection to distributed sensor systems (including ANSS and Earthscope)
- This is a new model for scientific research that will radically change earthquake engineering.

**Notes:**
Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES)
Researchers from across the US will be able to operate equipment and observe experiments anywhere on the net.
Will study how building design, advanced materials, and other measures can minimize damage and loss of life.
Researchers have just conducted first test of web-interface technology.
Shake table vibrated a model bridge with 100 sensors attached that streamed video and data to engineers
Engineers then analyzed the bridge’s performance
Potential for connection to sensor systems
This is a new model for scientific research that will radically change earthquake engineering.

## Explore the underlying geologic structures of north America.
Generate basic scientific understanding of the evolution of the north American continent.
Combined with new satellite and GPS systems, EarthScope will provide a dynamic picture of forces and processes that shape the earth, including those that control earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
EarthScope will enhance the fundamental understanding necessary for improved experimentation, simulation and prediction through NEES.

- Explore the underlying geologic structures of north America.
- Generate basic scientific understanding of the evolution of the north American continent.
- Combined with new satellite and GPS systems, EarthScope will provide a dynamic picture of forces and processes that shape the earth, including those that control earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
- EarthScope will enhance the fundamental understanding necessary for improved experimentation, simulation and prediction through NEES.

**Notes:**
EarthScope
EarthScope will explore the underlying geologic structures of North America.
Will generate basic scientific understanding of the structure and evolution of the North American continent and the physical processes controlling earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Combined with new satellite and GPS systems, the EarthScope array will:
Provide a dynamic picture of forces that continue to shape Earth
Work well with NEES by providing new understanding of the planet’s underlying dynamic processes

## and CLEANER

***What is ******CLEANER******?***
**Collaborative Large-scale Engineering Analysis Network for Environmental Research **
-    * 	A cybernetwork of environmental field facilities embedded in an *e*ngineering *a*nalysis *n*etwork to facilitate and coordinate research and synthesis across and among problem-driven Regional Environmental Systems** **
-    *	Created to devise engineering implementation options to prevent and mitigate adverse impacts for informed environmental resource management, and improve the practice of decision support for environmental management.

***What is NEON? *****The National Ecological Observatory Network****** ***A continent-wide research tool consisting of geographically distributed regional observatories, networked via state-of-the-art communications* A virtual lab operated to obtain a predictive understanding of the environment * Collectively, a network of networked environmental research facilities and instruments

**and ****CLEANER**

**Notes:**
Shown:  Map of the US with nodes of the National Ecological Observatory Network spread throughout the country.

## The Atkins Report

**Daniel E. Atkins, Chair**University of Michigan

- Vision:
- to provide an integrated system of hardware and software resources and services that
- enables scientists and engineers to explore important research and education opportunities *that otherwise would not be possible.*

**Notes:**
The Atkins Report
Daniel E. Atkins, ChairUniversity of Michigan 
Kelvin K. Droegemeier University of Oklahoma 
Stuart I. FeldmanIBM 
Hector Garcia-MolinaStanford University 
Michael L. KleinUniversity of Pennsylvania 
David G. MesserschmittUniversity of California at Berkeley 
Paul MessinaCalifornia Institute of Technology 
Jeremiah P. OstrikerPrinceton University 
Margaret H. WrightNew York University 

Pictured:  Cover of the report entitled “Revolutionizing Science and Engineering Through Cyberinfrastructure”

## What IS Cyberinfrastructure (CI)?

***Not*** just supercomputers
- What does CI include?
- Cyberresources
- Computational engines, grid computing
- Mass storage, digital libraries/data bases
- communications, networking
- Cyberservices
- Cybertools (including data mining, visualization...)
- Domain tools
- Sensors and distributed sensor systems
- Community models
- All *integrated* to permit the effective and efficient building of domain applications.

**Notes:**
Cyberinfrastructureconsists of ...
Computational engines
Mass storage
Networking
Digital libraries/data bases
Sensors/effectors
Software
Services
All integrated to permit the effective and efficient building of applications

## Integrated Cyberinfrastructure...Meeting the Needs of a Community of Communities

*Integrated Cyberinfrastructure...**Meeting the Needs of a Community of Communities*

**Grid Services ****& Middleware**

**Development****Tools & Libraries**

**Applications – **
**Cybercommunities**

**Education & Training**

**Discovery & Innovation**

**Domain Specific Cybertools**

**Notes:**
Integrated Cyberinfrastructure...meeting the needs of a community of communities
Graphic:
Integrated Cyberinfrastructure stack.  From the bottom, A hardware block made up of distributed resources (computation, communication, storage, etc.).  Next Grid Services and Middleware and then Development Tools & Libraries are separate blocks, each designated as Shared Cybertools (software).  Next Domain Specific Cybertools and finally Applications.  Discovery and Innovation, Education and Training span the entire stack.
Continue to build and connect distributed resources: computers, data centers, sensor networks, etc.
Continue to develop the cybertools that are needed to develop applications and to create a robust Grid capability.

## Shared Cybertools(Middleware Tools and Services) 

- Basic services
- 	Security, scheduling, data services, database services, user services, application management services, autonomy and monitoring services, information services, composition service, messaging service
- Application services
- 	People collaboration, resource collaboration, decision-making services,knowledge discovery services, workflow services, universal access

**Notes:**
Shared Cybertools(Middleware Tools and Services) 
Basic Services
	Security, Scheduling, Data Services, Database Services, User Services, Application Management Services, Autonomy and Monitoring Services, Information Services, Composition Service, Messaging Service
Application Level Services
	People Collaboration, Resource Collaboration, Decision-Making Services,Knowledge Discovery Services, Workflow Services, Universal Access

Integrate and Extend the products of the Digital Revolution.  Operational cyberinfrastructure refers to the hardware layer.  Shared Cybertools under PACI were referred to as Enabling Technologies, and Domain-Specific Cybertools under PACI were referred to as Application Technologies.
Redistribute application development to peer reviewed activities within domain specific directorates.

## Cyberinfrastructure: Commitments and Planning

- Maintain excellence and growth by investments in computer science and engineering fundamental research
- Integrate, build on, and extend current and past efforts
- Provision of *and* access to range of computing resources, *including* high-end
- Shared cybertools and services
- Domain-specific cybertools
- Create new resources – e.G., Extensible Terascale facilities (ETF)
- A scalable, distributed, heterogeneous computational grid
- Analyses at unprecedented scale
- Merge multiple data resources seamlessly
- Capability to grow by incorporating resources
- Software and hardware development; Provide a variety of services
- Collaborative environments
- Expanded education, outreach and training

**Notes:**
Cyberinfrastructure Commitments

Enhanced NSF-wide support for domain-specific cybertools (aka application thrusts)
Increased support for shared cybertools and services (aka technology thrusts) 
ETF Resource Partners 
includes all current ETF partners and new partners to be added through terascale extensions competition
5-year management and operations support planned
“management” broadly defined (see below)
Expanded education, outreach and training

ETF resource partners include the original 5 sites: SDSC, CACR, NCSA, ANL and PSC plus any additional sites that are connected as a result of the Terascale Extensions Program.

## Cyberinfrastructure Planning: Steps/Timeline

- Broad, formal and informal consultations with community - continuous
- Internal NSF planning underway since January, CI working group (CIWG) established April 2003
- Workshop to seek community inputs on management framework for CI held in DC in mid-may 2003
- NSF FY05 and beyond budget planning for CI - underway
- ETF management and operation approach to be developed by end of this summer
- Broad NSF CI roadmap, v1 - early 2004 (product of the CIWG)

**Notes:**
Cyberinfrastructure Planning: Steps/Timeline
Broad, informal consultations with community - continuous
Internal NSF planning underway since January
Workshop to seek community inputs on management structures - mid-May
NSF FY05 and beyond budget planning for CI - underway
FY04 Cooperative Agreements for Alliance and NPACI -under current development
ETF Management and Operation Approach to be developed by end of this summer
Broad NSF CI Roadmap, v1 - early 2004

## Cyberinfrastructure Planning: Strategies

- Maintain technological leadership in computation, information, communications resources
- Balance upgrades and new resources
- Develop funding frameworks that permit significant growth in funding
- Understand and plan for costs of management and operations
- Create funding modes, opportunities and partnerships that will grow cybercommunities

**Notes:**
Cyberinfrastructure Planning: Strategies

Exploit the opportunities open to us to revolutionize S&E 
Maintain technological leadership in computation, information, communications resources 
Balance upgrades and new resources
Develop structures to permit significant growth in funding
Aggressively seek expanded CI funding

## CI and ENG:  Questions

- What exciting research and educational challenges can only be addressed with CI? What will spark the demand for CI?
- What are the major issues that must be addressed for CI development (e.g., databases, security, privacy)?
- What unique demands will the engineering community place on CI developments (e.g., legacy data, endusers, industry)?

## CI and ENG:  Questions

- How will the CI private industry interact with the NSF investments?
- What challenges exist on campuses to create and value participation in cybercommunities?
- How can we best address concern for big, community science vs. Small science?