# Presentation: 706371

## Regional Science WorkshopAnimal Feeding Operations Risk ManagementNational Perspective

- College Park, Maryland
- December 8, 2004
- Al Havinga, EPA Office of Compliance

## Implementation of CAFO Rule

- 18,500 CAFOs need permits
-  States currently revising regulations
-  CAFOs must be permitted & in compliance by April 2006
- NMP’s developed by end of 2006

## CAFO Policy Advances

- NRCS Conservation Practices
*	**Waste Utilization (633)*
*Waste Storage Facility (313)*
*Nutrient Management (590)*
*1974 CAFO Regulation*
*Unified National Strategy – 1999 *
- AFOs adopt NMPs by 2009

## CAFO Policy Advances

- 2003 CAFO Regulation required:
*NPDES permits for all CAFOs *
*No production area discharges (except for 25 yr/100 yr events)*
*Nutrient management plans by 2006*
*Technical standards address “form, source, amount, timing and methods of land application ... while minimizing N & P  movement to surface waters”*
*Permits minimize LA discharges primarily through BMP’s *
*State technical standards address LA when: *
*     **- soil saturated  *
*     **- rainfall forecast*
*	**- soil frozen or snow covered*

## CAFO Policy & Technical  Advances

- Producer’s Compliance Guide
- Permit Writer’s Guide and Sample General Permit
- Managing Manure Nutrients at CAFOs
*Winter Spreading Technical Guidance*
*Example National Nutrient Technical Standard*
-  Phosphorus Index

- PCS/ICIS changes
- Permit writer and inspector technical training & checklists
- OTIS (Online Tracking and Information System)

## Planned Activities & Tool Development 

- CAFO permit-writer and inspector training
- Compliance assistance checklists
*CAFO inspector/permit writer checklists*
*CAFO inspector flags**	**-*
- Performance measures
- Defining compliance
- Define significant non-
- compliance for wet-weather
- facilities (includes CAFOs)

## CAFO Compliance and Enforcement Strategy

- During 2005-07 focus on:
*CAFOs in priority watersheds *
*     **- compliance assistance     *
*     **- incentives*
*     **- inspections*
*     **- enforcement*
*Assist state capacity*
- Agency priority until:
*95% of CAFOs permitted*
*80% of CAFOs comply*
*95% of CAFOs inspected*

## Implementation Needs

- Where are CAFOs?  Medium AFOs”?
- Soil testing – standardization across states/regions
- Manure testing – standardization across states/regions
- Screening tools to help inspectors easily determine
*adequate storage *
*sufficient land application areas*
*nutrient balance *
- Targeting tools – where to deliver compliance assistance & permit/inspect CAFOs (priority watersheds)

## Implementation Needs 

- GIS tools:   Assist with evaluating land application of permitted facilities (100’ and 35’ setbacks)
- Measurement of environmental progress
*Linkage of regulatory/voluntary programs to water quality improvement *
- Record keeping tools/software

## Emerging Research Needs

- Preferential flows: drainage tiles and environmental risk from land application?
- Small facilities (Medium/Small AFOs)
*What are AFO environmental risks?*
*What are effective non-regulatory responses?*

## Emerging Research Needs

- Risk from field storage piles (poultry)
- Future TMDLs & nutrient water quality criteria will require teasing out the pollution reduction portion from CAFOs