# Presentation: 169134

## Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration

**DOE Briefing Meeting**
**Alan Bross**

## NFMCC Mission

**Extensive experimental program to verify the theoretical and simulation predictions **

***To study and develop the theoretical tools, the software ***
***simulation tools, and to carry out R&D on the hardware ***
***that is unique to the design of Neutrino Factories and ***
***Muon Colliders ***

***Question: Why has the collaboration been so driven and focused in the face***
***of the very difficult fiscal constraints on our activities***

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## Evolution of a Physics Program

**Intense K physics**
**Intense Low-energy muon physics**
**Neutrino Factory**
**Higgs Factory**
**Energy Frontier**
**5 TeV**

**circa 1997-1999**

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## The Muon Collider Motivation – Elevator Spiel

**PRSTAB – May 3, 2002**

**Energy Frontier Physics**
***with***** SMALL Footprint**

**More recent concepts**
**extend ********s******** to 8 TeV**
**(*****on FNAL site)***

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## Muon Collider – Physics Motivation

**Reach Multi-TeV Lepton-Lepton Collisions **
**at High Luminosity**

**Muon Colliders would have **
**special role for precision measurements.**
**Small ********E beam spread –**
**Precise energy scans**

**Small Footprint -**
**Could Fit on Existing Laboratory Site**

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## Muon Collider at the Energy Frontier

**Comparisons with Energy Frontier e****+****e****- ****Collider**
**For many processes - Similar cross sections**
**Advantage in s-channel scalar production ****(m****m****/m****e****)****2**
**Beam Polarization useful**
**Muon Decay backgrounds and Detector implications**

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## S-channel Coupling to Higgs

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## Higgs 

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## Resolving degenerate Higgs in MSSM

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## Muon Collider-NF – SynergyNaturally Staged Physics Program

**Muon Collider-NF – Synergy*****Naturally Staged Physics Program***

**Neutrino Factory**

**Muon Collider**

**ISS Preliminary Design**

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## Physics Synergy – Neutrino Questions(Not likely answered with an Energy Frontier Machine)

**What is the ****origin of neutrino mass****?**
**Did neutrinos play a role in ****our existence****?**
**Did neutrinos play a role in ****forming galaxies****?**
**Did neutrinos play a role in ****birth of the universe****?**
**Are neutrinos telling us something about ****unification of matter and/or forces****?**
**Will neutrinos give us ****more surprises****?**
**Big questions ******** tough questions to answer**

***Is a Neutrino Factory needed in order to answer these questions?***

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## Neutrino Factory- ISS

- (3m312=0.0022 eV2

***Best possible reach in ****************** for all performance indicators =Neutrino factory***

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## Future Plans for NFMCC

-                   DOE Briefing
-              Germantown, Md
-                March 1, 2007

## Commonality for a Neutrino Factory and a Muon Collider

**Proton Driver**
**primary beam on production ****target**
**Target, Capture, and Decay**
**create ********’s; decay into ********’s**
**Phase Rotation**
**reduce ********E of bunch**
**Cooling**
**reduce emittance of the muons**
**Acceleration**
**Accelerate the Muons**
**Storage Ring**
**store for ~1000 turns**

**Multi-MW Proton Beam**
**The MERIT Experiment**
**(MERcury Intense Target)**
**    ****The MICE Experiment**
**(Muon Ionization Cooling Exp.)**
**    ****EMMA (Electron Model for**
**                   ****Muon Accleration)**
**NFMCC and MCTF priority**

## Key Differences for the two Facilities

-             **Neutrino Factory                      Muon Collider**

**Cooling**
**reduce transverse emittance**
**ε****┴**** ~ 25 mm**
**Acceleration**
**Accelerate to 20-40 GeV**
**Storage Ring**
**No intersecting beams**

**Bunch Merging**
**Cooling**
**reduce 6D emittance**
**ε****┴****  ~****  3-25 ****μ****m**
**ε****L****  ~****  70 mm**
**Acceleration**
**Accelerate to 1-2 TeV**
**Storage Ring**
**Intersecting beams**

## Why Study these two Facilities?

**                                ****EPP2010**
**“****The United States should remain globally competitive in elementary particle physics by playing a leading role in the worldwide effort to aggressively study Terascale physics.”**
-            **The Muon Collider program contributes to this goal**
**Action Item 5. “The committee recommends that the properties of neutrinos be determined through a well-coordinated, staged program of experiments developed with international planning and cooperation.”**
**           ****The International Design Study contributes to this Action Item**

## The International Design Study

**Goal:  Unified cost-optimized solution for a **
**           ****Neutrino Factory by 2010.**
**           ****Engineered design by **_**2012**_**.**
**The International Design Study (IDS) will build on the successful conclusion of the International Scoping Study (ISS) in which an international study team developed a unified set of parameters for a future Neutrino Factory.**
**The year 2012 is significant in that Europe’s LHC debt will be retired by that year.**

## Key R&D Issues toward a Muon Collider

**High Power Targetry – The MERIT experiment**
**Initial Cooling – The MICE experiment (4D Cooling)**
**201 MHz RF – The FNAL MuCool Program**
**Investigate Gas-Filled RF cavities *****(Muons Inc.)***
**Investigate RF cavities in presence of high magnetic fields**
**Obtain high accelerating gradients (~15MV/m)**
**6D Cooling**
**RFOFO  “Guggenheim”**
**Helical Channel Cooling *****(Muons Inc. + MCTF)***
**Parametric Resonance Ionization Cooling *****(Muons Inc.)***
**Bunch Recombination**
**Acceleration– A cost driver**
**FFAGs – The EMMA experiment in the UK**
**Multi-turn RLAs – a **_**BIG**_** cost reducer**
**Theoretical Studies**
**Analytic Calculations**
**Lattice Designs**
**Numeric Simulations**

## Muon Technical Advisory Committee (MUTAC)

**Report of 2006 MUTAC to the Muon Collaboration  Oversight Group (MCOG—Bond, Holmes, Siegrist)**
**“****The committee recommends that the funding agencies make every effort to **_**provide $1M**_** to fund the coupling coil as soon as possible. In addition the agencies should work to provide at least a $400k/yr increase in annual funding to the NFMCC. Both last year’s committee and this believe that **_**funding levels substantially above the FY06 levels could be used effectively to advance the goals of NFMCC.**__**”**_

## The Marx AARD Panel Report

- “We support the MICE project as a critical feasibility demonstration for muon storage rings and colliders. _**A reasonable pace of progress on other necessary muon-related R&D tasks is not sustainable at the current level of funding**_. Without increased support, essential intellectual resources will disappear”.
- “... _**a reasonable scale would be to restore the funding to the level of four or five years ago which is about twice the current funding level of 3.6 M$**_ from DOE”.

## A Road Map toward realizing a Muon Collider 

**Consensus from the recent (Feb12-15 2007) Low Emittance MC Workshop**
**       **_**With adequate R&D a Muon Collider is achievable**_
-  **We (the NFMCC) recommend:**
-  **Restoring the NFMCC collaboration funding to it’s FY00 levels ($8M/yr)**
** ****Funding the FNAL Muon Collider Task Force Initiative (($2.8M/yr******** $5M/yr)**
**With such a program, in 5 years we can accomplish:**
-   **Establish the enabling technology in a 3 years program**
**  ****Deliver a Muon Collider Feasibility Study after the following 2 years**
**  ****Characterize a fully consistent MC scenario**
**  ****Deliver an engineered initial cost estimate**
**  ****Be prepared for developing a CDR**

## Muon Collider R&D Program:Status and Issues

**Michael S. Zisman**
**NFMCC**** Project Manager**
**C****enter for ****B****eam ****P****hysics**
**Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory**
**DOE Briefing Meeting–Germantown**
**March 1, 2007**

## Technical Challenges

**Two main challenges for a muon-based facility (Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider)**
**muons have short lifetime (2.2 ********s at rest)**
**puts premium on rapid beam manipulations**
**high-gradient NCRF (in magnetic field) for cooling**
**ionization cooling technique (presently undemonstrated)**
**fast acceleration system**
**muons are created as tertiary beam (p ******** ******** ******** ********)**
**low production rate**
**requires target that can handle multi-MW beam**
**large muon beam transverse phase space and energy spread**
**requires ionization cooling (only scheme fast enough)**
**requires high acceptance acceleration system and decay ring**
**Cooling requirements for Muon Collider more stringent than for Neutrino Factory**

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## Muon Collider R&D Program (1)

**Goal**
**to demonstrate feasibility of developing a design for a Muon Collider of E****c.m.**** ≥ 1.5 TeV and luminosity ≥ 10****34**** cm****-2**** s****-1**
**Ongoing R&D**
**theoretical studies****, both analytic and simulation, on how to incorporate the new ideas into a coherent design for a collider**
**development and testing of ****high-power production targets**** capable of handling 1-4 MW of proton beam power (****MERIT****)**
**demonstration of ****transverse cooling**** of muons with LH****2**** and other materials (****MICE****)**
**design of ****intense proton driver**** capable of producing short bunches (1-3 ns)**
**development of efficient and cost-effective ****systems for rapid acceleration**** of muons**

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## Muon Collider R&D Program (2)

**New R&D elements**
**experimental study of gas-filled RF cavities with beam**
**development and testing of conductor materials for HTS high-field superconducting magnets**
**fabrication and testing of model helical cooling channel magnet for 6D cooling**
**feasibility study of complete Muon Collider scenario**
**demonstration of helical cooling channel (****MANX****; possible ****MICE**** follow-on)**
**demonstration of “Guggenheim” 6D cooling channel (possible ****MICE**** follow-on)**
**Aim in next 5-6 years is to reach the stage to assess**
**feasibility**** of 1.5 TeV collider**
**preliminary cost estimate and timeline**** for this facility**

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## Muon Collider R&D Time Line

**Time scale (assuming adequate funding support)**
**complete initial studies within about 3 years**
**“****feasibility study” of complete Muon Collider facility will take about 2 more years**
**demonstration experiments will take about 3-4 years (running in parallel with feasibility study)**

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## Muon Collider Incremental Cost

**To carry out an aggressive Muon Collider R&D program will require ****incremental funding**** beyond the present ****NFMCC**** annual budget of $3.6M**
**below is a ****first-cut estimate**** of what additional funds might be needed**
**caveat: costs of the experimental demonstrations cannot be fixed until the details are better defined, which may take several years**
**required funding is at the level of 2% of HEP funds**
**a modest investment for a potentially big payoff**
**restores NFMCC funding to level recommended by Marx subpanel**

|  | FY08 | FY09 | FY10 | FY11 | FY12 | FY13 | FY14 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| NFMCC base | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 |
| NFMCC new | 2 | 2 | 2.5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| MCTF | 2.8 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Total | 8.4 | 10.6 | 11.1 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 |

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## Additional NFMCC Support (1)

**Three categories where additional support is needed immediately:**
**completing our ****hardware commitments**** to international experiments**
**providing ****common funds**** for the ****MICE**** experiment**
**restoring the health of our ****simulations and theory effort**
**Hardware commitments [$4.4M remaining]**
**NFMCC**** commitments for ****MICE**** and MuCool are large and beyond our ability to complete in a timely way**
**spectrometer solenoids (2 ea., ordered) [TEC $1.5M]**
**RFCC modules (2 ea.) [TEC $3.7M]**
**each comprises 4 201-MHz RF cavities [$1.15M] + 1 CC [$0.7M]**
**Cherenkov-1 detector [TEC $0.1M]**
**Coupling Coil for MuCool [TEC $0.9M; $0.3M in hand]**

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## Additional NFMCC Support (2)

**MICE**** hardware commitments ****will be honored**** at present budget levels, but 1–2 years late**
**any substantial need for contingency would cause further delays**
**we continue to try to mitigate this by working to find partners**
**exploring partnership with ICST-Harbin to help with coupling coil fabrication for ****MICE**
**and possibly for MuCool as well**
**exploring ways to partner with UK groups on cavity fabrication**
**We propose to finish the ****MICE**** hardware in two years**
**and then move aggressively to collider design and hardware development**
**requires an ****increment of $2.5M**** (over two years)**

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## Need for Additional Support (3)

**Effort needs [$750K/yr]**
**MICE**** common fund contribution [£3K/yr per Ph.D.; TEC ≈$250K/yr] **
**additional post-docs [$250K/yr]**
**restore BNL group to full strength [$250K/yr]**
**Manpower has eroded away after years of flat budgets**
**need effort for ****IDS****, ****MICE**** analysis, ****EMMA**** design, and ****MCTF**** work**
**we continue to try to get NSF support also**
**for post-docs (University Consortium proposal; in limbo for 2 years)**
**for MuCool (applying for MRI grant again this year)**
**In out-years, ****NFMCC**** will carry out Muon Collider R&D and design effort in conjunction with ****MCTF**
**feasibility study, with engineering**
**hardware development and testing (Guggenheim components; HCC components)**

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## Closing Comments

**Despite limited funding, ****NFMCC**** continues to make ****excellent progress**** on carrying out its R&D program**
**201 MHz test cavity completed and tested to 16 MV/m**
**MICE**** spectrometer solenoids ordered**
**completed ****ISS****; write-up in progress**
**developing follow-on plans for IDS**
**MERIT**** preparations nearly completed**
**15 T magnet and Hg-jet target system operational**
**Our work provides potential choices for HEP community**
**muon-based accelerators/colliders offer advantages over other approaches**
**they also provide an intense source for low-energy muon physics**
**We have plans to aggressively pursue Muon Collider R&D in collaboration with Fermilab ****MCTF**** program**

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007

## Road Map to a Muon Collider

- Consensus from recent (Feb. 12-16, 2007) Low Emittance MC Workshop
- with adequate R&D a Muon Collider is achievable
- NFMCC recommends:
- restoring NFMCC funding to its FY00 level ($8M/yr)
- funding FNAL MCTF initiative ($2.8M/yr $5M/yr)
**With such a program, in 5 years we can accomplish a lot**
- establish the enabling technology in the first 3 years
- deliver a Muon Collider feasibility study in the following 2 years
- characterize a fully consistent MC scenario
- deliver an engineered initial cost estimate
- be ready to develop a CDR thereafter

- Alan Bross NFMCC DOE Briefing Jan 2007