# Presentation: 343154

## Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health 

-  Exposure assessment/uniqueness of cohort
-  Definition of exposure groups
-  Administration of developmental assessment tools
-  Statistical modeling/ assessment of potential confounders
-  Thirty-six month outcomes

- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health

## Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health Cohort

- Number: 725 mother/newborn pairs
- Race/Ethnicity: African American and Dominican
- Residence: Northern Manhattan and South Bronx
- Exclusion: Smokers, Illicit Drug, HIV, Hypertension, Diabetes

## Biologic Samples 

- umbilical cord blood
- maternal blood
- meconium
- urine

- Biomarker analyses conducted by Dr. Dana Barr, CDC
- Medical record data: gestational age, gender, birth weight, length, head circumference, maternal height, pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain, medications

## Slide 4

## Indoor air samples collected between the 32nd week of pregnancy and delivery (ng/m3) N= 337 samples from 102 homes (2001-04) (Whyatt et al., EHP, 2007)

**Chlorpyrifos**

**Diazinon**

**Indoor air samples collected between the 32****nd**** week of pregnancy and delivery (ng/m****3****) N= 337 samples from 102 homes (2001-04) (Whyatt et al., EHP, 2007)**

**Percent of variance explained by between home variability (mixed effects models) **
- Chlorpyrifos	92%		p<0.001
- Diazinon		94% 		p<0.001
- Propoxur		88%		p<0.001

**Propoxur**

- Whyatt et al. EHP, 2007

## Correlation between chlorpyrifos in two-week integrated indoor samples and 48-hour maternal personal air samples

- Personal air sampling over 48-hours during 32nd week gestation

**32****nd****-34****th****	****	****34****th****-36****th**** ****	****	****36****th****-38****th****	****	****38****th****-40****th**
**r=0.86*****	****	****r=0.82*****	****	****r=0.85*****	****	****r=0.87***

**r=0.85***
***p<0.001, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient**

**Correlation between chlorpyrifos in two-week integrated indoor samples and 48-hour maternal personal air samples**

- Whyatt et al., EHP 2007

## Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health 

-  Exposure assessment/uniqueness of cohort
-  Classification of exposure
-  Administration of developmental assessment tools
-  Statistical modeling/ assessment of potential confounders
-  Thirty-six month outcomes

- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health

## Birth weight and length by chlorpyrifos umbilical cord levels (N=314)

- * p < 0.05						      Whyatt et al, EHP, 2004

**Birth weight and length by chlorpyrifos umbilical cord levels (N=314)**

- Group 1=below LOD; group 2=lowest 3rd > LOD; group 3=middle 3rd  > LOD; group 4=highest 3rd >  LOD.

- Graph of
- birth weight

- 150.1 gm difference (lowest vs highest, p=0.03)

**Notes:**
The first finding suggests that in utero exposure to chlorpyrifos results in impaired fetal growth. We found a significant inverse association between birth weight and length and levels on CPF in umbilical cord plasma. Among all infants born in to the cohort by 2002, birth weight decreased 42.6 grams and birth length decreased 0.24 centimeters. 
We split the cohort by January 2001 representing the US EPA ban on residential use of CPF, we observed that the ban was very effective at reducing exposure and resultant health effects 

## Change in birth weight/length for each log unit increase in chlorpyrifos umbilical cord levels (mean and 95% CI)

- * p < 0.01

** **N       Birth weight (gm)	                  Birth length (cm)
- 247      B= -65.0 (-109.6 to –20.5)*	     B= -0.37 (-0.65 to -0.09)*
- 181      B= 75.7 (-25.7 to 177.1)	     B= 0.258 (-0.79 to 1.32)

- Born prior to
- EPA regulations

- Born after
- EPA regulations

**Notes:**
Updated (n = 484). Robin, I think it is better to avoid referring to the EPA regs as a ban. I have gotten comments about this in presentations before that they were restrictions, but not bans. 

 The first finding suggests that in utero exposure to chlorpyrifos results in impaired fetal growth. We found a significant inverse association between birth weight and length and levels on CPF in umbilical cord plasma. Among all infants born in to the cohort by 2002, birth weight decreased 42.6 grams and birth length decreased 0.24 centimeters. 
We split the cohort by January 2001 representing the US EPA ban on residential use of CPF, we observed that the ban was very effective at reducing exposure and resultant health effects 

## Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health 

-  Exposure assessment/uniqueness of cohort
-  Definition of exposure groups
-  Administration of developmental assessment tools
-  Statistical modeling/ assessment of potential confounders
-  Thirty-six month outcomes

- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health

## Bayley	 Scales of  											 	  X 		    X  				 X 																  							  

- Bayley	 Scales of  											 	  X 		    X  				 X
- Infant Intelligence
- Home Scale																																 X
- Childhood Behavior																				 					 X
- Checklist
- Wechsler Pre-School &																																		 X
- Primary Scale of Intelligence R
- Wechsler Intelligence																																																		X
- Scale for Children 4

## Bayley Scales of Infant Intelligence   

**Bayley Scales of Infant Intelligence   **

## Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health 

-  Exposure assessment/uniqueness of cohort
-  Definition of exposure groups
-  Administration of developmental assessment tools
-  Statistical modeling/ assessment of potential confounders
-  Thirty-six month outcomes

- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health

## 				 Rauh et al., Pediatrics,  Dec., 2006 	

- Odds of mental and motor delay at age 36 months among infants with high versus low umbilical cord blood chlorpyrifos levels (n=228)

**	****	****	**Odds Ratio		95% CI
- Mental Delay		2.37			1.08, 5.19
- Motor Delay		4.52			1.61, 12.70
- Logistic regression controlling for race, gender, gestational age, maternal education, maternal IQ, ETS, and home environment (Home Scale), exact age at assessment
- 				 Rauh et al., Pediatrics,  Dec., 2006

## Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health 

-  Exposure assessment/uniqueness of cohort
-  Definition of exposure groups
-  Administration of developmental assessment tools
-  Statistical modeling/ assessment of potential confounders
-  Thirty-six month outcomes

- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health

## Slide 16