# Presentation: 633253

## Paint and Bead Specifications, Fencing Specification, Non-Destructive Testing, and PASER

- 2006 March FAA Southwest Region Partnership Conference
- Jeff Rapol, Airport Engineering Division, AAS-100
- jeffrey.rapol@faa.gov

## Presentation Objectives

- Provide information on newly issued guidance for marking, fencing, and evaluation of pavements
- Guidance available on the Airports internet web site.

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## FAA Guidance

- _AC 150/5340-1_ Standards For Airport Markings
- _AC 150/5370-10 _Standards For Specifying Construction of Airports
- Item P-620
- Overview of Air Force Engineering Technical Letter Guidance—Perhaps the best available guidance on removal of paint and rubber

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Standards For Airport Markings

- In 8/99, the marking AC requires obliteration of markings no longer needed.

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Standards For Airport Markings

- In 12/00, the marking AC clearly requires obliteration of markings no longer needed.

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Item P-620 Marking Specifications

- Requires reflective glass beads in markings.

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## 
High IOR Bead
Type III, “High Index Bead” made from high density glass. 

Low IOR bead
Type I, “Low Index Bead” made from reclaimed scrap glass. 
Type IV, “Low Index Bead” made from glass with fewer air bubbles. 

- High IOR Bead
- Type III, “High Index Bead” made from high density glass.
- Low IOR bead
- Type I, “Low Index Bead” made from reclaimed scrap glass.
- Type IV, “Low Index Bead” made from glass with fewer air bubbles.

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Material Types

- Waterborne Paint
- Meet TT-P-1952D
- Solvent-Based Paint (Local Environmental Rules apply)
- Methacrylate
- Epoxy

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## (Item P-620) Paint Glass Bead Issues

- 620 2.3  REFLECTIVE MEDIA. ...  Glass beads shall be treated with all compatible coupling agents recommended by the the manufacturers of the paint and reflective media to ensure adhesion and embedment
- NOTE TO ENGINEER--The Engineer should consult with the paint and bead manufacturer on the use of adhesion, flow promoting, and/or flotation additives

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Item P-620 Reflective Media

- The Engineer inserts all that will be used in the project.  When more than one bead type is specified, the plans should indicate the bead type for each marking.
- TT‐B‐1325C, Type I, gradation A smallest bead
- TT‐B‐1325C, Type III larger bead
- TYPE IV largest bead-more paint per square foot

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Item P-620 Reflective Media

**Item P-620 Reflective Media**

## Wet Film Thickness    (Dry Film = Wet film  %Solids)

- 36 mils

- #20

- 18 mils

- 13.9 mils
- or 15 mils

- #20

- #30

- #40

- #50

- #100

- Epoxy Paints, 100

- % solids

- Waterborne or Solvent based, 60

- % solids

- #20

- Methacrylate Paints, 100

- % solids

- Wet Film Thickness    (Dry Film = Wet film  %Solids)

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Hand-Held Retroreflectometer

- These devices can spot check the condition of selected retroreflective pavement markings.
- Not Required in specification—FAA researchers use to evaluate marking materials.

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Item P-620 Marking Specifications

- WEATHER LIMITATIONS.  The painting shall be performed only when the surface is dry and when the surface temperature is at least 45 degrees F (7 degrees C) and rising and the pavement surface temperature is at least 5 degrees F (2.7 degrees C) above the dew point.  [Painting operations shall be discontinued when the surface temperature exceeds [     ] degrees F ([     ] degrees C.]

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Item P-620 Marking Specifications

- PREPARATION OF SURFACE.  Dry and free material that would reduce the bond between the paint and the pavement.  Cleaned by sweeping and blowing or by other methods as required to remove all dirt, laitance, and loose materials.  Sandblasting or high-pressure water used to remove curing materials.
- The Engineer should specify any additional surface preparation required and should specify the type of surface preparation to be used when existing markings interfere with or would cause adhesion problems with new markings.

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## (Item P-620) Paint Glass Bead Issues

- 620-3.6  PROTECTION AND CLEANUP.  ...  The Contractor shall remove from the site all debris, waste, loose or unadhered reflective media, and by-products generated by the surface preparation and application operations to the satisfaction of the Engineer.  The Contractor shall dispose of these wastes in strict compliance with all applicable state, local, and Federal environmental statutes and regulations,

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Air Force Guidance—Best Available

- Engineering Technical Letter (ETL) 97-17: Guide Specification – Paint and Rubber Removal from Roadway and Airfield Pavements
- Point Of Contact. Mr. Michael D. Ates, HQ AFCESA/CESC, DSN 523-6351, commercial (850) 283-6351, Internet atesm@afcesa.af.mil.

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Air Force Guidance—Best Available

- _Description of Work_. Required to remove 85 percent of the paint buildup from 100 percent of the painted area within a designated area of (runway, taxiway, apron, (and) roadway) pavement. The removal is to be completed without damage to the pavement surface, joints, and joint and crack seals, or any other property. The term "paint" used herein may include obsolete paint markings and/or loose and poorly bonded paint

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Air Force Guidance—Best Available

- _Pavement Damage Survey_. The Engineer and the Contractor shall jointly inspect the work area before work commences. Any existing damage to the pavement systems shall be documented at that time. The Contractor shall repair damage incurred during the contracted operations.

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Air Force Guidance—Best Available

- _Test Strip Demonstration_. The Contractor shall test all equipment and demonstrate on the designated pavement work areas the proposed method to be used to remove paint.

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Fencing Specifications

- F- specifications in AC 150/5370-10.
- Wildlife Deterrent Option added.

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Added at bottom of Fence

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## Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## AC 150/5370-11A
Use of Nondestructive Testing Devices in the Evaluation of Airport Pavements (12-29-04)

**Use of Nondestructive Testing Devices in the Evaluation of Airport Pavements (12-29-04)**

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## FWD Sensors

**d2**

**d3**

**d4**

**d5**

**d6**

**d7**

**Pavement**

**Subgrade**

**P**

**Load Cell**

**Displacement Sensors**

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Deflection Basin

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## ASTM Deflection-Measuring Equipment Standards

| ASTM | 		NDT Equipment Type |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Static | Vibratory | Impulse |
| D4695-96, “Standard Guide for General Pavement Deflection Measurements” | ● | ● | ● |
| D4602-93 (2002), “Standard Guide for Nondestructive Testing of Pavements Using Cyclic-Loading Dynamic Deflection Equipment” |  | ● |  |
| D4694-96, “Standard Test Method for Deflections with A Falling-Weight-Type Impulse Load Device” |  |  | ● |

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Data Analysis

- Qualitative – patterns of variability in support conditions
- Quantitative – design input
- Other –
- PCC Voids Analysis
- PCC Joint Load Transfer

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## Stiffness Modulus

**Describes Overall System Behavior**
-                               **I(D)SM = L / do**
**I(D)SM = Impulse or Dynamic Stiffness Modulus**
**L****	****= Applied Load**
**do =****	**** Maximum Deflection **

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Typical ISM Profile

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Backcalculation

- Compute Layer Properties
- Layered Elastic Backcalculation
- Closed Form Solutions
- Backcalculation method should be consistent with structural model
- Layered Elastic: LEDFAA (Flexible & Rigid)
- Closed Form: Conventional Rigid
- Correlation E to CBR: Conventional Flexible

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Layered Elastic Backcalculation

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Commonly Used Layered Elastic Backcalculation Programs

| Program
Name | Developed
By | Calculation
Subroutine | Rigid
Layer
Analysis | Layer
Interface
Analysis |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| BAKFAA | FAA | LEAF | Yes | Variable |  |  |
| BISDEF | U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES | BISAR
Proprietary | Yes | Variable |  |  |
| CHEVDEF | U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - WES | CHEVRON | Yes | Fixed
(Rough) |  |  |
| ELSDEF | Texas
A&M Univ.; U.S.Army C.O.E.WES | ELSYM5 | Yes | Fixed
(Rough) |  |  |
| MODULUS | Texas Trans
Institute | WESLEA | Yes
Variable | Fixed? |  |  |
| WESDEF | U.S. Army C.O.E. WES | WESLEA | Yes | Variable |  |  |
| MICHBAK | Michigan
State | CHEVRON | Yes | Fixed |  |  |

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## BAKFAA Program

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## Locations Within PCC Slab

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## PCC Load Transfer Plot

**LTE = d*****u*****/d*****l***

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Advisory Circular 150/5320-17   Airfield Pavement Surface Evaluation and Rating Manuals

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## WHY PASER MANUALS

- 1998 – GAO/RCED 98-226 Report *Keeping Nation’s Runways in Good Conditions Could Require Substantially Higher Spending*
- Discussed maintenance needs and called for action by the FAA
- FAA responded to GAO
- Congress responded in AIR-21

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## PASER

- PASER chosen as most appropriate “primitive” rating method originally evaluated by the Federal Highway Administration
- Developed by the College of Engineering – Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison
- Simplified visual rating system adapted for airfield pavements by Dr. Donald Walker

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## PAvement Surface Evaluation and Rating “PASER”

- Two manuals
- Flexible pavement
-  Rigid pavement

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## PASER Rating System (Flexible)

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## PAvement Surface Evaluation and Rating “PASER”

- Two manuals
- Flexible pavement
-  Rigid pavement

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## PASER Rating System (Rigid)

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Each PASER Manual is anAppendix to AC 150/5320-17

- Discusses common pavement distresses.
- Provides multiple examples for each rating.
- Includes a 2-page summary of practical advice on evaluating airfield pavements.
- Contains a simplified form to document rating.
- Comments for drainage, maintenance, and rehabilitation.
- Is accompanied by an instructional video.

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**

## Thank YouQuestions / Discussion

- Jeff Rapol, Airport Engineering Division, AAS-100
- 202-267-7474
- jeffrey.rapol@faa.gov

**Southwest Region Partnership Conference March 2006**