# Presentation: 206668

## Super Neutrino Beam (Proton Driver)

**Super Neutrino Beam (Proton Driver)**
**at Brookhaven National Laboratory**

## Physics Importance of Neutrino Oscillations 

**Physics Importance of Neutrino Oscillations**** **

## Physics Goals of the

**Physics Goals of the**
**Very Long Baseline Neutrino Program**** **

## BNL Homestake  Super Neutrino Beam

**BNL ********Homestake  Super Neutrino Beam**

**2540 km**

**Homestake**

**BNL**

## Advantages of a Very Long Baseline

**Advantages of a Very Long Baseline**

-  neutrino oscillations result from
-    the factor sin**2**(****m**32****2** L / 4E)
-    modulating the **** flux for each
-    flavor (here ******** disappearance)
-  the oscillation period is directly
-    proportional to distance and
-    inversely proportional to energy
-  with a *very long baseline *actual
-    oscillations are seen in the
-    data as a function of energy
-  the multiple-node structure of the
-    very long baseline allows the
-    ****m**32****2** to be precisely measured
-    by a *wavelength* rather than an
-    amplitude (reducing systematic
-    errors)

## Baseline Length and Neutrino Energy

**Baseline Length and Neutrino Energy**

-  for a fixed phase angle, e.g. ****/2,
-    the ratio of distance to energy is
-    fixed (see sloped lines in Figure)
-  the useful neutrino energy range
-    in a beam derived from a proton
-    production source is restricted:
-      below ~1 GeV by *Fermi mom.*
-      in the target nucleus
-      above ~8 GeV by *inelastic *******
*     **interactions* background
-  these conditions prescribe a
-    needed baseline of greater than
-    *2000 km* from source to detector
-  by serendipity, the distance from
-    BNL to the Homestake Mine
-    in Lead, SD is 2540 km

## VLB Application to Measurement of m322

**VLB Application to Measurement of ********m****32****2**

-  the multiple node method of the
-    VLB measurement is illustrated
-    by comparing the BNL 5-year
-    measurement precision with
-    the present Kamiokande results
-    and the projected MINOS 3-year
-    measurement precision; all
-    projected data include both
-    statistical and systematic errors
-  there is no other plan, worldwide,
-    to employ the VLB method (a
-    combination of target power and
-    geographical circumstances
-    limit other potential competitors)
-  other planned experiments are
-    can’t achieve the VLB precision

## e Appearance Measurements

******e**** Appearance Measurements**

-  a direct measurement of the
-    appearance of ********** ******** ********e** is important;
-    the VLB method competes well with
-    any proposed super beam concept
-  for values > 0.01, a measurement
-    of sin**2**2******13** can be made (the
-    current experimental limit is 0.12)
-  for most of the possible range of
-    sin**2**2******13**, a good measurement of
-    ******13** and the CP-violation parameter
-    ******CP** can be made by the VLB
-    experimental method

## e Appearance Measurements (Cont.)

******e**** Appearance Measurements (Cont.)**

-  even if sin**2**2******13** = 0, the current
-    best-fit value of ****m**21****2 **= 7.3x10**-5**
-    induces a ******e** appearance signal
-  the size of the ******e** appearance signal
-    above background depends on the
-    value of ****m**21****2**; the figure left
-    indicates the range of possible
-    measured values for the ******e**
-    yields above background for various
-    assumptions of the final value of
-    ****m**21****2**

## Mass -ordering and CP-violation Parameter CP

**Mass -ordering and CP-violation Parameter ********CP**

-  the CP-violation parameter ******CP** can
-    be measured in the VLB exp. And
-    is relatively insensitive to the value
-    of sin**2**2******13**
-  the mass-ordering of the neutrinos
-    is determined in the VLB exp;
-    ******1** < ******2** < ******3** is the natural order
-    but ******1** < ******3** < ******2** is still possible
-    experimentally; VLB determines
-    this, using the effects of matter on
-    the higher-energy neutrinos

## AGS Target Power Upgrade to 1 MW

**AGS Target Power Upgrade to 1 MW**

-  the *AGS Upgrade* to provide a source for the 1.0 MW Super Neutrino Beam
-    will cost $265M FY03 (TEC) dollars

## AGS 1 MW Upgrade and SC Linac Parameters

**AGS 1 MW Upgrade and SC Linac Parameters**

**Proton Driver Parameters**
**Item****	****Value**
- Total beam power	1 MW
- Protons per bunch	0.410**13**
- Beam energy	28 GeV
- Injection turns	230
- Average beam current	38 mA
- Repetition rate	2.5 Hz
- Cycle time	400 ms
- Pulse length	0.72 ms
- Number of protons per fill	9.6 10**13**
- Chopping rate	0.75
- Number of bunches per fill	24
- Linac average/peak current	20/30 mA

**Superconducting Linac Parameters**
**    ****Linac Section****	****  LE****	****  ME****	****  HE**
- Av Beam Pwr, kW	7.14	14.0	14.0
- Av Beam Curr, mA	35.7	35.7	35.7
- K.E. Gain, MeV	200	400	400
- Frequency, MHz	805	1610	1610
- Total Length, m	37.82	41.40	38.32
- Accel Grad, MeV/m	10.8	23.5	23.4
- norm rms ****, **** mm-mr	2.0	2.0	2.0

## 1 MW Target for AGS Super Neutrino Beam

**1 MW Target for AGS Super Neutrino Beam**

-  1.0 MW He gas-cooled, Carbon-Carbon target for the Super Neutrino Beam

## Super Neutrino Beam Geographical Layout

**Super Neutrino Beam Geographical Layout**

-  BNL can provide a *1 MW capable*
*   **Super Neutrino Beam* for $104M
-    FY03 (TEC) dollars
-  the neutrino beam can aim at any
-    site in the western U.S.;  the
-    Homestake Mine is shown here
-  there will be no environmental
-    issues if the beam is produced
-    atop the hill illustrated here and
-    the beam dumped well above
-    the local water table
-  construction of the Super Neutrino
-    Beam is essentially de-coupled
-    from AGS and RHIC operations

## 3-D Neutrino Super Beam Perspective

**3-D Neutrino Super Beam Perspective**

## Conclusions

**Conclusions**