# Presentation: 545573

## Nanotechnology update

**M.C. Roco**** **
- Senior Advisor for Nanotechnology,  NSF
- Chair,  Subcommittee on Nanoscience, Engineering and Technology (NSET),                                               National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
-    **Major changes in the first 3 years of NNI (2001-2003)**
**   ****NSF activities.  The role of Engineering**
**   ****The national and international context**
**   ****Planning for the next five years**

- F. Frankel - copyright

**ENG AdCom, October 9, 2003**

##            NNI implementation plan published in July 2000   Major changes in the first 3 years of NNI (Part 1)

_**Research**_**:**** ****NSF supports over 1600 active awards in about 300 academic organizations in all 50 states**
_**Education**_:  **7000 students and teachers trained in 2003, and all engineering colleges have introduces courses related to NSE**
_**Significant infrastructure**_**: ****in over 60 universities (user capabilities), and 3 networks (NCN,NNIN, ON) have been established**

-  M.C. Roco, 10/09/03

## NNI implementation plan published in July 2000Major changes in the first 3 years of NNI (Part 2)

_**Industry:**_** ****about the same level of investment as NNI in medium and long-term research; from “if” to “how” and “who is the leader”**
_**Innovation and Venture funding**_**:****                                                                     ****US has over 6000 patents in 2002 with USPTO                            (over 75% of the total)**
_**Estimation on revenues from nanotechnology:**_                                 **Reaching $1trillion in 2015 worldwide, and the estimations moving closer because of accelerated development; growth >25% per year**
_**States and regional alliances**_**:**** ****“meltdown” in 2002 - over 20 states committed funding since 2002**

- M.C. Roco, 10/09/03

## NNI implementation plan published in July 2000Major changes in the first 3 years of NNI  (Part 3)

_**Professional societies**_**:**** Divisions, workshops, education, support                                                                                             ACS, APS, MRS, ASME, AIChE, IEEE, other major societies**
_**Government investment**_:  **Worldwide investment has increased 7 times in 6 years reaching $3B in 2003 (of which US $0.77B and NSF $0.22B)**
_**Societal implications from the beginning**_**:  ****Workshop on Societal Implications of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in 9/2000**
_**Other broader implications**_: **In Federal Government (NNI), Legislative (NNP) and Judiciary branches**

- M.C. Roco, 10/09/03

## Congressional five-year authorization bills on nanotechnology (NNI/NNP, 2004-2008)

*Bill passed in the House:*
*	**	***H.R.766:  “Nanotechnology R&D Act of 2003**” 	              	Add: nanotechnology fellowships, societal implications
*Bill passed by the Senate’s Committee on CSS: *
*	**	*189 “**21****st**** Century Nanotechnology R&D Act”****	****                                  ****	****5-year “National Nanotechnology Program”                  ****	**Add: centers on R&D, education and manufacturing
_**NSE**_**:  Authorized budgets for NSF**
**	****-  FY 2004   -   $350 million**
**	****-  FY 2005   -   $385 million**
**	****-  FY 2006   -  $424 million**

- MC. Roco, NSF, 10/09/03

**NNI implementation plan published in July 2000****Major changes in the first 3 years of NNI  ****(Part 4)**

## Intel’s projected revenues 2003 from silicon nanotech products: > $20 Billion 

- Intel’s projected revenues 2003 from silicon nanotech products: > $20 Billion

**100nm**

**Transistor for **
**90nm-node**
**Source: Intel**

**Influenza virus**
**Source: CDC**

*Example of today’s technology: 50 nm transistor dimension** *

**Gate dielectric thickness = ****1.2 nm**

## Semiconductors Extrapolated to 2015 ($B)

- Note: $300B nanotech revenue sooner than predicted (in 2010 instead of 2015)

##   Broad societal implications (examples of societal implications;                                      worldwide estimations made in 2000, NSF)

_**Knowledge base**_: better comprehension of nature, life
_**New technologies and products**_**: ~ ****$1 trillion/year**** by 2015                  (**With input from industry US, Japan, Europe 1997-2000, access to leading experts)
**    ****	****	**Materials beyond chemistry: $340B/y        Electronics:  over $300B/y                                                                      	Pharmaceuticals:  $180 B/y                        Chemicals (catalysts):  $100B/y 	Aerospace about $70B/y                             Tools  ~ $22 B/y
**	****Est. in 2000 (NSF) : about $40B for catalysts, GMR, materials, etc.; + 25%/yr                                             Est. in 2002 (DB) : about $116B for materials, pharmaceuticals and chemicals****   **
-     _**Would require worldwide ~ 2 million nanotech workers**_
_**Improved healthcare**_: extend life-span, its quality, physical capabilities
_**Sustainability**_: agriculture, food, water, energy, materials, environment; ex: lighting energy reduction ~ 10% or **$100B/y**

- M.C. Roco, 10/09/03

## Cancer results from accumulation of multiple genetic changes in a cells.  Nanotechnology will allow earlier detection and prevention (Year 0) 

- _Year 0_              Year X                 Year Y            Year Z

- _Detection _
- _and _
- _Diagnosis_

- Malignant
- Tumors With
- Metastases

- _Prevention_

- Detection
- and
- Diagnosis

- Prevention

**Where We Are**

**Where We Want To Be**

- Challenge: To Eliminate Suffering
- and Death Due to Cancer – 2015
-      **“****A Vision Not a Dream!”  by using nanotechnology**
***     ******Andrew Von Eschenbach, National Cancer Institute***

## Environmental issues related to nanotechnology include:        

- Figure ....

***Zimmer et al., 2002***

**Environmental issues related to nanotechnology include**:
-     **-   Sustainable development, life-cycle of products, measurement and mitigation, clean-up techniques, global effects**
**     ****-  Combustion, welding, water/air filtration, cell behavior, toxicity****    **

- NSF programs since 2000,
- about $30M in FY 2002

## Iron nanoparticles could help cleanse the environment

**Nanoscale metal particles:  remediation in groundwater, cost-effective approach applicable to thousands of contaminated sites,  **W. Zhang, Lehigh U. (NSF program)

- M.C. Roco, 10/09/03

## NSF environmental centers and interdisciplinary groups with research and education at the nanoscale

| Center  | Institution |
| --- | --- |
| Fundamental Studies of Nanoparticles Formation in Air Pollution | Worcester Polytechnic Institute |
| Center for Advanced Materials for Water Purification | University of Illinois at Urbana |
| Center for Environmentally Responsible Solvents and Processes | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| Nanoscience in Biological and Environmental Engineering (Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center – NSEC) (estimated 50% in environment) | Rice University |
| Environmental Molecular Science Institute | University of Notre Dame |
| NIRT: Investigating Nano-carbon Particles in the Atmosphere: Formation and Transformation  | University of Utah  |
| NIRT:  Nanoscale Processes in the Environment - Atmospheric Nanoparticles  | Harvard University  |
| NIRT: Nanoscale Sensing Device for Measuring the Supply of Iron to Phytoplankton in Marine Systems  | University of Maine  |

## Organizations that have prepared and contribute to the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)

**Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)**
**National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)**

***White House***

- Departments
- DOC/NIST,  DOD,  DOE,  DOJ,
- DOS,  DOT,  DOTreas,  DHS, USDA

**IWGN **(October 1998-August 2000)
**NSET **(August 2000 - continuing)

- Independent Agencies
- EPA,  FDA, NASA,  NIH,  NRC,  NSF, USG

- Federal Government R&D funding  	      NNI  (~$700M in 02)
- Industry (private sectors)	    	   ~ NNI funding
- State and local (universities, foundations)  ~ 1/2  NNI funding

- Estimation:

- M.C. Roco, NSF,  5/29/03

- Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

- Presidential Council of Advisors in
- Science and Technology (PCAST)

## NSF - a pioneer among Federal agencies                            and at the international level                                                       in Nanoscale Science and Engineering (NSE)

**	****     **_FY 2003:_     ~  **1/3 of Federal**  and  **1/10 of World Investment**
**Seven themes**:   Biotechnology,    Nanostructures ‘by design’ and novel phenomena,   Device and system architecture, Environmental Processes,    Multiscale modeling,   Nanoscale manufacturing; Societal implications and Improving human performance
**Establishing the infrastructure**:  over 1,600 active projects;                         20 large centers, 2 user facilities (NNIN, NCN),  multidisciplinary teams
**Training and education** over 7,000 students and teachers

- M.C. Roco, 10/09/03

**Notes:**
NSF has been a pioneer among federal agencies and at the international level in fostering the development of nanoscale science and engineering.  In FY 2003, the NSF investment of $202 million will develop and strengthen research and education in nanobiotechnology, new structures and phenomena,  system architecture, environment, modeling and societal implications.  A special attention will be given to the creation of the nanoscale science and engineering infrastructure and workforce needed to exploit the outstanding opportunities presented by the new technology.

## NSE:  Role of Engineering

**Engineering has a leading role in NSE**** because:**
**	****  ****	****-  nanotechnology deals with systems at nanoscale**
**       ****	****-  integrative, interdisciplinary**
**	****   ****	****-  transforming tool**
**Collaboration with NSF Directorates: ****MPS, CISE, BIO, GEO, SBE, HER**
**	****	****-  16 departments and agencies (DOE,DOD, NASA, NIH, NIST, EPA, etc.)**
**Changing engineering disciplines**

- M.C. Roco, NSF, 5/29/03

## Nanoscale Science and Engineering program (NSF 02-148, FY 2003) 

**FY 2003 budget**                                                                                             	**$221M, of which $71M for solicitation and $150M for core**
**Outcomes of the solicitation**  						_**171 awards**_, $71M + $19M other/future commitments; total $90M
**	****	****-   Interdisciplinary Research Teams **(4 proposals/university)** ****	****	****	****62 awards (~$74M)**
**	****	****-   Nanoscale Science and Engineering Centers **(1 proposal/univ)**                                   ****	****	****2 new centers on nanomanufacturing** (~$5.4M/yr) for 5 yr
**	****	****-   Nanoscale Exploratory Research **(4 proposals/ university)** ****	****	****	****84 awards (~$7.7M)**
- 		-  **Nanotechnology Undergraduate Education **(1 proposal/ univ.)
- 			**33 awards (~$3.3M)**
**    ****	****	**_**Success rate (awarded funds / requested funds)**_**:****	****	****	****	****7.5**% from FY 2002 NSE funding + 2% other commitments
**	****	****	**(less than NSF success rate even with limited proposals)

- M.C. Roco, NSF, 10/9/03

## FY 2002 NSE active awards: Geographical distribution 

- M.C. Roco, 10/09/03

## Sampling of Current Regional, State, & Local Initiatives in Nanotechnology

**California  NanoSystem Institute (CNSI)**

**Northern CA Nano Initiative**

**Connecticut Nanotechnology Initiative**

**Atomworks**

**Girvan Institute**

**Nanotechnology Center at Ga Tech**

**Massachusetts Nanotechnology Initiative**

**Enterprise Florida**

**Nanoscience Center**

**NanoScience Institute of the West; CA, OR, WA**

**Oklahoma Nano-technology Initiative**

**Nanotech Center**

**Consortium: UNM & Nat. Labs**

**Colorado Nano-Technology Initiative (CNTI)**

**Center for Accelerating Applications at the Nanoscale**

**Arizona Biodesign Institute (AzBio)**

**USC NanoCenter**

**Nanotech Inst Ben Franklin Tech Partnership; **
**PA, NJ, DE, MD**

**Michigan Small Tech Association**

**NanoBusiness Alliance**

**Albany Nanotech**

**New Jersey Nanotechnology Consortium**

**Texas Nano-technology Initiative**

**Inst for Nanotechnology In Virginia (INanoVA**

## Nanoscale Science and Engineering support at NSF in FY 2004 

**The budget allocation expected between                                          $249M (NSF Request) and $350M (Congress bills)**
** **_**Program solicitations**_**  (about $91M,  about 1/3)****                            **
**         ****Nanoscale Science and Engineering - $79M, NSF 03-043                               **
**         ****Nanoscale Science and Engineering Education - $12M, NSF 03-044**
_**Support in the core program**_** (about 2/3)                      with focus on single investigator & other core**** **
-     **Various research and education programs in all directorates                              Interdisciplinary fellowships; STC, MRSEC and ERC centers   Instrumentation (REG, MRI);  Collaboration industry (GOALI, PFI)           Network for Computational Nanotechnology ($2.8M/yr)                                   National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network ($14M/yr)****	****         Nanoscale Informal Science and Education (NSF 03-511)**
**SBIR/STTR** (additional ~ $10M)

- M.Roco, NSF, 9/29/03

## Nanotechnology Undergraduate Education (NUE)

**New component of the 2003 NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering (NSF 02-148) program is focused on**:
-    Introductory undergraduate courses presented through the development of text, software, laboratory and demonstration experiments, and web-based resources;
-    Development and dissemination of new teaching modules for nanoscale science and engineering that can be used in existing undergraduate courses, particularly during first and second year studies.
**33 awards in FY 2003 (www.nsf.gov/nano)**
**Reviewed by the NSF workshop on September 11-12, 2002 at NSF (www.nanofab.psu.edu/education/nsf-nue-program.htm)**

- M.C. Roco, 10/09/03

## NSEE to produce systemic changes in nanoscale science and engineering education. $12M in FY 2004. Components:
Centers for Learning and Teaching (NCLT):   Create educational leadership for nanotechnology education (doctoral programs representing collaborations of researchers in nanoscale science and engineering, education, and cognitive and behavioral sciences)
Informal Science Education (NISE):   Foster public awareness and understanding of nanoscale science and engineering through development of media projects (film, radio, television) and exhibits.
Instructional Materials Development (NIMD):   Support development of prototype instructional materials that promote student learning and interest in nanoscale science, engineering, and technology concepts for grades 7-12.
Nanotechnology Undergraduate Education (NUE):   Introduce nanoscale science and technology through a variety of interdisciplinary approaches into undergraduate education, particularly in the first two collegiate years. 

**Centers for Learning and Teaching (NCLT):**   Create educational leadership for nanotechnology education (doctoral programs representing collaborations of researchers in nanoscale science and engineering, education, and cognitive and behavioral sciences)
**Informal Science Education (NISE):**   Foster public awareness and understanding of nanoscale science and engineering through development of media projects (film, radio, television) and exhibits.
**Instructional Materials Development (NIMD):**   Support development of prototype instructional materials that promote student learning and interest in nanoscale science, engineering, and technology concepts for grades 7-12.
**Nanotechnology Undergraduate Education (NUE):**   Introduce nanoscale science and technology through a variety of interdisciplinary approaches into undergraduate education, particularly in the first two collegiate years.

**Nanoscale Science and Engineering Education program (NSF 03-044, new in FY 2004)**** **

- M.C. Roco, 10/09/03

## NSET: Support Transition of Fundamental Discoveries into Innovative Technology 

**-  Grand challenges for technology base                                      ****	**Ex.: 	nanomanufacturing – new NSF program  $22M in FY 2002, 	             	2 centers on nanomanufacturing established in FY 2003
**-  Infrastructure for instrumentation, tools, laboratories ****             ****	**Ex.:** ****	**ERC 2003 measurements; DMR instrumentation, NNIN
**-  Prepare the workforce at all levels****	****                                          **	Ex: 	Technological, Community college and UE in PA (_PFI_ award)
**-  Various mechanisms for interaction with industry**
**	****	**Ex.:  Fund collaborations with industrial partners (_GOALI_, centers);  	Provide the NNI results to industry;   Provide user facilities;  Assistance 	for instrumentation, standards, manufacturing;  Direct technology 	transfer and funding industrial projects:  SBIR/STTR all agencies
-       _PFI_ (Partnership For Innovation)    and                                                                   	_GOALI_ (Grant Opportunities for Academic Liaison with Industry)

- M.C. Roco, 10/09/03

## National Nanotechnology Initiative

**Defining the vision and implementation plan**
**National Nanotechnology Initiative**

**Reports**

- Planning with feedback after each:  5 years, 1 year, 1 month;  	and various levels: national/NSET, agency, program
- In preparation: Topical reports; new _2004:10 year vision_

- 1999:
- 10-year
- vision

- MC. Roco, 10/09/03

- Worldwide
- benchmark

- Brochure for
- public

- Societal
- implications

- Government
- plan

##     Planning for the future:                                   expanding the frontiers of nanotechnology

***Workshops for receiving input from the community (examples):***
- _Nanostructured materials "by design"_  -  Workshops on 10/02, 06/03
- _Catalysts that function at the nanoscale_  -  06/03
- _Nanoelectronics, optoelectronics and magnetics_  -  11/02, 2/03
- _CBRE protection and detection_  -  05/02
- _Advanced healthcare, therapeutics, diagnostics_  -  06/00
- _Nano-biology and medicine_ -  10/03
- _Environmental improvement_  -  06/02, 08/02, 07/03, 09/03
- _Efficient energy conversion and storage_ -  10/02, 02/03
- _Microcraft space exploration and industrialization_  -  Spring 04
- _Manufacturing processes_  -  01/02, 05/02;  _Instrumentation _– 01/04
- _Agriculture and food systems_ - 11/02;  _Converging Technologies_ – 09/03
- _Societal implications (II)_  - 12/03;   _Education (NSEE)_ – 09/03
***“***_***Nanotechnology Research Directions (II)”***_***  -  Spring 2004***
**	****Revisit the NNI long-term vision formulated in January 1999**

- M.C. Roco, 10/09/03

## Revolutionary technologies, products and services

**  ****Growing area, from discovery to technological innovation**
**  ****Materials, including bulk, coating, dispersed systems **
**  ****Chemicals, including catalysts**
**  ****Pharmaceuticals**
**  ****Electronics**** **
**  ****Emerging areas in 2003 (support in FY 2004)**
**  ****Nanomedicine**
**  ****Energy conversion and storage**
**  ****Agriculture and food systems**
**  ****Molecular architectures**
**  ****Realistic multiphenomena/multiscale simulations**
**  ****Environmental implications**
**  ****Converging technologies from the nanoscale**

- MC. Roco, 10/09/03