# Presentation: 749495

## CSREES Animal Protection Portfolio:  The Last 5 Years & Recent Program Review Gary Sherman, National Program Leader	     (Veterinary Science)Peter Johnson, National Program Leader 	 	(Animal Health)

## CSREES

**CSREES**
** ****Animal Health & Veterinary Medicine **
**National Program Leaders**

**CSREES**
** ****Animal Health & Veterinary Medicine **
**National Program Leaders**

## What is CSREES’ role in Animal Health ?
What does the portfolio look like ? 
What has it accomplished ? 

**What is CSREES’ role in Animal Health ?**
**What does the portfolio look like ? **
**What has it accomplished ?**

- What’s to come...

## CSREES Animal Systems Vision

-    A **vibrant**, globally competitive, technologically advanced, and consumer driven American **animal agriculture industry** that is based on and supported by high quality, innovative, and relevant **research, extension and educational programs** provided by USDA through **partnerships** with universities and the private sector, as well as the in-house research programs of the Department.

**Notes:**
Follow up with Dan on this slide to avoid contradiction.

## CSREES’ 5 Unique Roles

**Support** **college/university/diagnostic laboratory** **infrastructure** & provide land-grant institutions & veterinary colleges/departments of veterinary science small-scale animal protection research funds *(Formula Funds; cooperative agreements)*
**Solicit basic & applied research, education, and extension proposals** from all U.S. institution types, including Federal laboratories and private industry and **support the best science and training** through competitive peer review and larger awards *(Competitive Funds)*

**Notes:**
Integration refers to inclusion of at least 2 elements of the land-grant mission in a single program or project
NRI formerly limited to research, integrated projects now permitted in some areas
Section 406 grants specifically for integrated projects

## CSREES’ 5 Unique Roles

**Stimulate interstate cooperation for targeted animal diseases** **and well-being **through multistate committees & multimillion dollar Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP) competitive awards *(Formula Funds and Competitive Funds)*
**Focus funds on targeted diseases and national programs of state and regional importance** *(Special Grants and Critical Issues Funds)*
- Serve as the **federal link to the veterinary extension and education infrastructure** to disseminate timely and pertinent animal health information *(Formula Funds)*

**Notes:**
Integration refers to inclusion of at least 2 elements of the land-grant mission in a single program or project
NRI formerly limited to research, integrated projects now permitted in some areas
Section 406 grants specifically for integrated projects

## What is CSREES’ role in Animal Health ?
What does the portfolio look like ? 
What has it accomplished ? 

- What is CSREES’ role in Animal Health ?
**What does the portfolio look like ? **
- What has it accomplished ?

- What’s to come...

## Animal Protection Research Funding (CSREES) $M 

## Investment (1999-2003) 

**75% invested in infectious & non-infectious diseases:**
- _Emerging, re-emerging, high impact diseases such as:_ *TB, Brucellosis, FMD, Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex, Mastitis, BVD, Johne’s, E. coli, BT, Influenza, END, Marek’s Disease, Avian leukosis, PEMS, PRRS, PMWS, Salmonella, Mycoplasma, WNV, Rhodococcus equi, Laminitis, TSE’s , etc.*

## Investment (1999-2003)

**10 % on internal & external parasites**_Such as:_ *Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, Nematodes- Haemonchus, Ticks, Biting Flies, Lice...*
**5% on naturally occurring toxins** *(e.g., mycotoxins),* **poisonous plants, toxic chemicals**
**10% Animal Well-being/ behavior**

## Animal Health Scope

- Poultry
- Beef & Dairy Cattle
- Swine
- Sheep
- Goats

- Farmed aquatic species,
- Horses
- Wildlife (impacting livestock)

- _Diverse Commodities_:

**Notes:**
Previous strategic plans referred to “strategies” for achieving goals but not to problem areas
All research projects entered into CRIS are classified according to RPAs and other criteria.  CRIS manual provides instruction on classification decision-making, making RPAs mutually exclusive.  A given project may be classified into one or more RPAs.
PA’s are not cast in stone.

## Animal Health Scope

_**Science Balance:**_
- Bacteriology, virology, immunology, parasitology, epidemiology, economics, toxicology, behavior, ethics, education, physiology, pathology, mycology, pharmacology, nutrition, biochemistry, statistics, engineering...
_**Basic**_** **(molecular & cellular biology/genomics) & _**applied**_ (field studies/ educational & outreach programs)
_**Individual**_** & **_**multi-disciplinary**_ approaches
_**Single**_** & **_**multi-institutional/states**_

**Notes:**
Previous strategic plans referred to “strategies” for achieving goals but not to problem areas
All research projects entered into CRIS are classified according to RPAs and other criteria.  CRIS manual provides instruction on classification decision-making, making RPAs mutually exclusive.  A given project may be classified into one or more RPAs.
PA’s are not cast in stone.

## CSREES Partners

**All institutions of higher education with animal programs**
**Commodity & industry groups**
**Other Federal, State, and Local agencies**
**Professional organizations**
**Consumer organizations**

**Notes:**
50 “1862” state land-grant universities, 7 territorial & D.C. colleges & universities, 20 “1890” historically black colleges & universities, 33 “1994” Native American colleges & universities, 17 Alaskan- and Hawaiian-native serving institutions, 240+ Hispanic-serving institutions
Also 130+ agriculture colleges, 27 veterinary colleges, 42 family & consumer science colleges
Also 59 research or experiment stations and 65 McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Research institutions
Also 57 Cooperative Extension Services

## Strong Partnership with ARS

**Frequent email / Calls / Meetings (MD/DC)**** **
**Participation in each other’s workshops:**
- A*RS Vet Immunology Workshop (2003) **** Critical lack of veterinary reagents **** ARS/CSREES/AAVI **** CSREES uses competitive programs to request “Vet Immunological Reagent” consortia proposal **** ARS/APHIS/CSREES/AAVI **** Now a recommendation to support a proposal.*
**Joint ARS/CSREES workshops:**
*2001 - ARS & CSREES reported back**how working together for animal Ag*
*This workshop! (2005)** *

**Notes:**
FAIR  Food Animal integrated research

## Pathogen Detection and Diagnostics
Animal Immunology 
Microbial Genomics 
Mechanism of Disease 
Genetic Resistance to Disease 
Epidemiology of Disease 
Strategies to Control Infectious and Non-Infectious Disease 

**Animal Immunology **
**Microbial Genomics **
**Mechanism of Disease **
**Genetic Resistance to Disease **
**Epidemiology of Disease **
**Strategies to Control Infectious and Non-Infectious Disease **

-  Alignment with ARS priorities

## Tuberculosis
Brucellosis
Bluetongue
TSEs (CWD, Scrapie, BSE)
Johne's Disease
Spring Viremia of Carp
Infectious Salmon Anemia
Equine Piroplasmosis
Newcastle Disease Virus

- Brucellosis
- Bluetongue
- TSEs (CWD, Scrapie, BSE)
- Johne's Disease
- Spring Viremia of Carp
- Infectious Salmon Anemia
- Equine Piroplasmosis
- Newcastle Disease Virus

-  Alignment with APHIS priorities

**CSREES projects in APHIS’ 2005 research priorities:**

- Classical Swine Fever
- PRRS
- PMWS
- Swine Influenza
- Salmonellosis
- Avian Influenza
- Avian Pneumovirus
- Antimicrobials
- Pseudorabies
- FMD
- Ticks

## Alignment with APHIS priorities

**APHIS Animal Identification Plan**
**CSREES part of National Animal Identification Development Team (State-Federal-Industry)**
**Participate in developing RFA’s for Cooperative Service Agreements ($11.6M FY 2004; APHIS $)**
**Executive Summary and national brochure development**

## Other CSREES Federal Alliances

**Agriculture Multi-Agency Coordinating (AgMAC) Committee for END**
**Inter-Departmental Committee to Develop National CWD Management Plan**
**Federal Inter-Agency Working Group on Prion Science**
**White House Committee on Science, National Science and Technology Council**
**11 participating federal agencies**

## National Animal & Plant Diagnostic Laboratory Networks

## NAHLN

- Mission:
- Provides accessible, timely, accurate, and consistent animal disease laboratory services nationwide
- Provides laboratory data to meet epidemiological and disease reporting needs
- Maintains the capacity and capability to provide laboratory services in support of early diagnosis and response to foreign animal disease outbreaks or other adverse animal health events (including bioterrorism events).
- Focuses on diseases of livestock (including exotic, zoonotic, and emerging diseases), but includes diseases of all animals

## NAHLN Operational Objectives

**Standardized, rapid diagnostic techniques**
**Secure communication, alert, reporting system**
**Trained personnel, modern equipment**
**Quality standards, proficiency testing**
**Adequate facility biosafety/biosecurity levels**
**Surge capacity**
**Scenario testing**

## Founding Laboratories 2002-2003

**Founding Laboratories 2002-2003**

**DECEMBER 2004**

**MARCH 2005**

**SEPTEMBER 2005**

## Slide 23

**Notes:**
Center for Epi in animal health (CEAH)

## 12 Multi-state research projects 
Control of emerging & re-emerging poultry respiratory diseases in the US
Evolving pathogens, targeted sequences, & strategies for control of bovine respiratory diseases
Enteric diseases of swine & cattle: prevention, control & food safety
Porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome (PRRS): Mechanisms of disease & methods for the detection, protection, & elimination of PRRS virus

**Control of emerging & re-emerging poultry respiratory diseases in the US**
**Evolving pathogens, targeted sequences, & strategies for control of bovine respiratory diseases**
**Enteric diseases of swine & cattle: prevention, control & food safety**
**Porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome (PRRS): Mechanisms of disease & methods for the detection, protection, & elimination of ****PRRS virus**

-  Targeted Coordination

## 12 Multi-state research projects 
5. Genetic basis for resistance & immunity to avian diseases 
Mastitis resistance to enhance dairy food safety
Genetic & functional genomic approaches to improve production & quality of pork
Management systems to improve the economic & environmental sustainability   of dairy enterprises

**5.** **Genetic** basis for **resistance** & immunity to **avian diseases**
**Mastitis** resistance to enhance dairy food safety
**Genetic & functional genomic approaches** to improve production & quality of **pork**
**Management systems** to improve the economic & environmental sustainability   **of dairy enterprises**

- Targeted Coordination

## 12 Multi-state research projects

Integrated methods of parasite control for improved livestock production 
Water Quality issues in poultryproduction & processing 
Mycotoxins in cereal grains
Animal health advisory committee 

**Integrated methods of parasite control for improved livestock production **
**Water Quality issues in poultry****production & processing **
**Mycotoxins in cereal grains**
**Animal health advisory committee**

-  Targeted Coordination

## What is CSREES’ role in Animal Health ?
What does the portfolio look like ? 
What has it accomplished ? 

- What is CSREES’ role in Animal Health ?
- What does the portfolio look like ?
**What has it accomplished ?**

- What’s to come...

## Impacts on Multiple Levels

_**Research funding:**_** **fills key knowledge gaps *(pathogen biology, host-pathogen interactions, immunology, non-infectious disease etiology and control, epidemiology and ecology)*
_**Products:**_
- peer reviewed publications
- patents, licenses
- vaccines, diagnostics, treatments
- policy development
- open the way for the piloting of new management strategies.

## Impacts on Multiple Levels

_**Education programs:**_ support the training of the next generation's animal health workforce.
_**Products:**_
**New curricula & materials**
-     (including instruction delivery systems that                 address diverse student learning abilities)
**Training**
**  **(undergraduates, graduates & postdoctoral fellows  through Fellowships & Scholarships)
**Experiential learning opportunities for veterinary students**
-    (gain exposure to laboratory settings & high
-    need areas such as food animal practice)

## Impacts on Multiple Levels

_**Extension programs:**_ rapid & wide-spread dissemination of research results & other high impact information to implement new management strategies or respond to crisis
_**Products:**_
- Referred publications, lay articles
- Websites
- training courses
- presentations at conferences and meetings
- identification of research gaps
- emergency outreach response

## National Animal Health Laboratory Network

Training diagnostic personnel to improve service capabilities

Expanding standardized rapid/sensitive testing capabilities

Improving the nation’s Bio-Safety Level (BSL)-3 capability

Assuring quality standards and proficiency testing

Improving communications to share data

12 pilot laboratories and 32 other laboratories funded by APHIS, provide surveillance testing in 37 states for:

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Exotic Newcastle Disease
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
Chronic Wasting Disease

- Training diagnostic personnel to improve service capabilities
- Expanding standardized rapid/sensitive testing capabilities
- Improving the nation’s Bio-Safety Level (BSL)-3 capability
- Assuring quality standards and proficiency testing
- Improving communications to share data
- 12 pilot laboratories and 32 other laboratories funded by APHIS, provide surveillance testing in 37 states for:
- Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
- Exotic Newcastle Disease
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
- Chronic Wasting Disease

- Impacts

## Impact

***NEW product to detect EARLY lameness in cattle, incl. limb (Lameness Detection Technology patent: UMD & UDE) undergoing field testing on commercial dairy farms in WI and PA by Bou-Matic, LLC***

## Impact

***NEW vaccine developed for Staphylococcal mastitis using detoxified toxin ***
***(UID, WSU, Seoul NU)***

- US patent; LG Life Sci. Ltd. Licensed (2004)
- Antigen expressed in edible vaccines (patent pending)
- NIH collaborators using technology for  conjugate
-  vaccines for human meningitis

## CSU & PIADC: Foot & Mouth Disease in North American Wildlife: Susceptibility, transmission, carrier/shedder potential & mitigation strategies

**Notes:**
Describe a highlight from your program- explain how the project supports one or more of the Strategic Goals. Use “quad chart” format
Do you have any photos from the project this highlight is drawn from?

## Impact

***NEW diagnostic for swine influenza A viruses (UWI)***
*	*“Use of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay and cell culture methods for detection of swine influenza A viruses” (AJVR: Vol. 66, No. 1, 2005, 119-124)

## Impact

- Equine intestinal repair research showed inhibition of prostaglandin production (by drugs such as flunixin meglumine) impairs repair
- Veterinarians advised use non-steroidal anti-Inflammatory drugs cautiously in horses with intestinal injury until safer alternative
- Practical Horseman, Equus, The Horse

***NEW management recommendation ***
***(NCSU)***

## Impact

**Impact**

***	***BT research at UC-Davis
- 	Helped justify 3rd International Bluetongue Symposium (2003)
- 	Symposium conclusions basis for proposed revisions to current OIE Sanitary 	Code

***REVISED OIE Sanitary Code for Bluetongue (1998/99)***

## Impact

- Using genomics to study Marek’s Disease
- MDV latency associated transcripts (LATs) identified
- Herpes virus of turkeys LATS identified and compared to LATs of MDV
- MDV mutant with defective LAT promoter isolated and found to be NONoncogenic

***EXCITING MDV mutant with potential as new generation vaccine (UDE)***

## 
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center)
Anaplasma marginale (Washington State University & ARS)
Bordetella avium (Drew University/ Sanger Center, UK)
Dichelobacter nodosus (University of Arizona)
Edwardsiella ictaluri (Mississippi State University)
Hemophilus somnus (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)
Lawsonia intracellularis (University of Minnesota)
Mannheimia haemolytica (Baylor College of Medicine)
Moraxella bovis (Baylor College of Medicine)
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (University of Minnesota & ARS)
Neospora caninum- Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) only (University of Washington)
Pasteurella multocida- non-toxigenic swine isolate (University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center)
Pasteurella multocida- turkey strain (University of Minnesota & Minnesota Turkey Growers Association)
Renibacterium salmoninarum (Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA)
Salmonella dublin; Salmonella choleraesuis; Salmonella pullorum (University of Illinois)
Staphylococcus aureus- dairy mastitis strain (University of Minnesota & NIH)

- Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center)
- Anaplasma marginale (Washington State University & ARS)
- Bordetella avium (Drew University/ Sanger Center, UK)
- Dichelobacter nodosus (University of Arizona)
- Edwardsiella ictaluri (Mississippi State University)
- Hemophilus somnus (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)
- Lawsonia intracellularis (University of Minnesota)
- Mannheimia haemolytica (Baylor College of Medicine)
- Moraxella bovis (Baylor College of Medicine)
- Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (University of Minnesota & ARS)
- Neospora caninum- Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) only (University of Washington)
- Pasteurella multocida- non-toxigenic swine isolate (University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center)
- Pasteurella multocida- turkey strain (University of Minnesota & Minnesota Turkey Growers Association)
- Renibacterium salmoninarum (Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA)
- Salmonella dublin; Salmonella choleraesuis; Salmonella pullorum (University of Illinois)
- Staphylococcus aureus- dairy mastitis strain (University of Minnesota & NIH)

- Impact

** ****Microbial Genome Sequencing:              18 pathogens ( $6.7M)**

## SIGNIFICANT Training of graduate & postdoctoral students (including new industry recruits)  
Competitive programs supported     236+ students in animal health     (1999-2003)

Experiential learning programs for veterinary students in research labs, food animal medicine (Cornell, KSU/SDSU, UMN...)

- Competitive programs supported     236+ students in animal health     (1999-2003)
- Experiential learning programs for veterinary students in research labs, food animal medicine (Cornell, KSU/SDSU, UMN...)

- Impact

## NEW Curriculum

- Impact

- Internet based Problem List Generator for diagnostic problem solving skills for pathology students (_[www.fdi.vt.edu/plg](http://www.fdi.vt.edu/plg)_) (VPISU...ISU,UWI,UC-Davis...)
- Exotic & Emerging Diseases of Animals: An Internet Course for Veterinary Students (ISU;UC-Davis:UGA)

## Impact

**Impact**

- Bioterrorism Awareness Education Zoonotic Disease Training for Veterinarians (ISU) (2002 & 2003)
- Training for all extension veterinariansand all 50 state associations
- EDEN (Ext. Disaster Ed. Network) established in 1995 (www.eden.lsu.edu)
- Access to all 3150 US counties, connected to veterinary extension

## Bovine Respiratory Disease Multi-State Research Committee
Presented entire 2 1⁄2 day symposium to Academy of Veterinary Consultants

Applied Bovine Reproductive Strategies Multi-State Extension Committee
2 sessions; 260 producers; technology impact on more than 3.5M US beef cattle
Part of 2005 NCBA Cattlemen’s College
Also incorporated biosecurity & animal ID

- Presented entire 2 1⁄2 day symposium to Academy of Veterinary Consultants
- Applied Bovine Reproductive Strategies Multi-State Extension Committee
- 2 sessions; 260 producers; technology impact on more than 3.5M US beef cattle
- Part of 2005 NCBA Cattlemen’s College
- Also incorporated biosecurity & animal ID

**Impacts**

## NEW DIRECTIONS

- Why your input at this workshop is very important...

## Tighter Focus of Agency Resources

- Focusing competitive funds into fewer animal health priority areas
- Input requested from >60 organizations*(professional associations, scientific colleges, trade & commodity, federal, state partners)* & Re-evaluated annually
- Some areas/diseases EXCLUDED

## NRI Animal Protection Program

- 3 diseases/commodity (swine; poultry; aquaculture; equine)
- 4 diseases for ruminants
- FADs
- Livestock-wildlife interface
- Immunology (non-disease specific)

## Animal Biosecurity Program

- $ 4M annual budget from CSREES-NRI
- Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP) for specific problem or issue
- Multi-institutional / Multi-disciplinary
- Research, education, extension
- International

## 
 Community Products:
“Roadmaps” including gap analysis
Standardized protocols 
   (e.g., diagnostics, vaccine trials, genetic resistance studies)
Sample Repositories & databases
Genomics/proteomics tools & services (e.g., mutants; arrays; clone sets; immunological typing; bioinformatics)
Extension & communication programs (e.g., training tools, demonstrations, conferences, CE, publications,  websites)  

** **_**Community Products**_:
- “Roadmaps” including gap analysis
- Standardized protocols
-    (e.g., diagnostics, vaccine trials, genetic resistance studies)
- Sample Repositories & databases
- Genomics/proteomics tools & services (e.g., mutants; arrays; clone sets; immunological typing; bioinformatics)
- Extension & communication programs (e.g., training tools, demonstrations, conferences, CE, publications,  websites)

*Coordinated Agricultural Projects*

## Coordinated Agricultural Projects

_**Leverage, Coordinate & Partner project resources**__ _with other initiatives in Academia, Industry, Federal & State Agencies, & Other Countries
_**Fill critical knowledge gaps**_ (pathogen biology; host/pathogen interactions; epidemiology; effective communication strategies), including exploration of some high-risk approaches
_**Pilot new disease control strategies & tools**_ (vaccines; diagnostics & detection systems; preventatives; producer outreach programs)

## 3 Animal Biosecurity Coordinated Agricultural Projects

_**Johne’s Disease**_*$4.4M/ 2004-2006**(*_[www.jdip.org](http://www.jdip.org/)_*)*
_**PRRS Virus**_*$4.4M/ 2004-2006**(now: www.porkboard.org/prrs)**(soon: *_[www.prrs.org](http://www.prrs.org/)_*)*
_**Avian Influenza**_ *$5M/ 2005-2007*
-    (www.agnr.umd.edu/aicap)

## Avian Influenza 

- 18 funded states
- Academia, industry, federal & state partners
- 8 non-funded institutional collaborators

## 
Molecular basis for emergence of influenza A in chickens & turkeys (adaptation from wild aquatics; co-infections)

a) Virus evolution/ surveillance
Live Bird Markets (CA,MN,NY)
4 major flyways - migratory & non-migratory birds
      b) Education/ biosecurity programs

Diagnostics & vaccines

- Molecular basis for emergence of influenza A in chickens & turkeys (adaptation from wild aquatics; co-infections)
- a) Virus evolution/ surveillance
- Live Bird Markets (CA,MN,NY)
- 4 major flyways - migratory & non-migratory birds
-       b) Education/ biosecurity programs
- Diagnostics & vaccines

- AI Objectives

## AI Coordination

** ****DHS “National Center for Animal & ****  Zoonotic Disease Defense”**
** ****Executive Committee****    ***UMD; OH St. Univ.; USDA-ARS; UC-Davis; Auburn Univ.; *
*    **HHS-CDC*
** ****External Stakeholder Advisory Board****    ***USDA-APHIS; US Poultry & Egg Export Council; United**    Egg Producers; National Turkey Federation; National **    Chicken Council; American Association Avian **    Pathologists; Pilgrims Pride Corp.; UPenn; UMN; UT St. U.*
* ***Scientific Advisory Board****    ***USDA-ARS; NIH-NIAID; Perdue Farms;*** ***Erasmus**    University- Netherlands; US Poultry & Egg Association*

## THANK YOU!

- Everything is OK at the end.
- If it’s not OK, it’s not the end.
-                       -Anonymous