# Presentation: 224020

## High Energy Colliders

- Vladimir Shiltsev
- Fermilab Steering Group

## Frontier Colliders on the Table

- ILC
- I am not gonna talk about it
- CLIC
- I am not gonna talk about it
- DLHC
- 4 slides
- Muon Collider
- 1 slide;  S.Geer talked about it last Monday
- VLHC
- many slides
- Synopsis table at the end
- no conclusions offered

- 4/30/07

##  LHC/LHC L-Upgrade Schedule

-  LHC/LHC *L-*Upgrade Schedule

*Preliminary planning studies,**  **J-P** **Koutchouk*

- “mini”
- upgrade
- to (1-3)e34

- full
- upgrade
- to (3-10)e34

- 4/30/07

## SC Dipoles for Accelerators

- 7TeV LHC
- B=8.33T

- 7TeV LHC
- B=8.33T

- 8mm aperture

- 4/30/07

## DLHC= 2 x LHC=17T Dipoles

- 17 T will require new conductor, Nb3Sn
- Long way to the accelerator quality magnets:
- 10+ years of research and development
- R&D has not started yet (LBL at the very beginning)
- ...then, several (5-7 yrs) of construction and installation...

- 4/30/07

## LHC, LHC+,DHLC possible map

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**2007**

**2012**

**2017**

**2022**

**2027**

- LHC Operation
- 7TeV (0.3-1)e34

- mini IR upgrade
- construction

- full LHC L-upgr
- construction

-       17 T Magnet R&D

- DLHC magnet construction

- Nb3Sn R&D
- LARP/CERN

- FNAL
- builds IR magnets
- IRUP/100M$

- Operation
- (1-3)e34

- LHC Operation
- 7TeV (3-10)e34

- 14TeV
- Operation

- 4/30/07

## Muon Complex Vision

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**2007**

**2012**

**2017**

**2022**

**2027**

- ν-fact. precons-
- truction R&D

- NF
- ZDR

- Neutrino factory
- construction

-  ν-program, m2e,
- other operation

- 1.5-3 TeV μCollider construction

- 6D MANX
- experiment

- cool m2e μ’s
- x100 6D emm
- ~50M$

- VS, SG, AT

- MERIT

- MICE
- Experiment

- 6-8 GeV SC RF e/p
- linac construction

- 25 GeV ν-factory
- operation

- Mu2e experiment
- construction

- Muon Cooling
- area/demonstration

- 10% transv
- emm. cooling

- 30% 6D emm.
- cooling,~15M$

- 1.5-3 TeV μColl.
- Design/preconstr

- ν-factory

- μ-collider

- e/p linac

-  m2e operation

- μμ**Higgs factory **
**~300 GeV c.o.m **
**L=1e29-1e30**
**- to be explored**

- 4/30/07

## www.vlhc.org

- Design Study for a Staged Very Large Hadron Collider

**FNAL-TM-2149**
**(2001)**** **

**www.vlhc.org**

- 4/30/07

## The Staged VLHC Concept

- Take advantage of space and excellent IL geology
**Build a **_**BIG**_** tunnel (will be >50% cost of Stage I)**
**Fill it with cheap and robust magnets=40 TeV collider.**
**Later, upgrade to a 200 TeV collider in the same tunnel.**
- There are _no serious technical obstacles_ to the Stage-1 VLHC at 40 TeV and 1034 luminosity.
- FNAL injector chain : MI + Tevatron
- low operating cost (20 MW frige power, like Tevatron)
- cost savings can be gained through underground construction
- Stage 2 VLHC is, technically, completely feasible
- vigorous R&D will reduce magnet cost

- 4/30/07

## VLHC: Long Tunnel 

- VLHC: Long Tunnel

**Lake**
**Michigan**** **

**Chicago**** **

**73km**

**90-150 m deep**

**Illinois Galena-Plattville dolomite layer is excellent geology for TBMs**

- 4/30/07

## VLHC Tunnel Cross Section

- A lot of experience from Chicago Deep Tunnel project (~90 mi of deep tunnels) and TARP project
- Summarized by CMA firm in cost and schedule estimate
- 12’ dia tunnel 233km + shafts+EDIA, no cont =2B$ (9k$/m)
- 16’/12’=1.25 in cost
- ~60 wks construction (4m/hr 16 TBMs)
- R&D proposed to redu-ce the cost (roboTBM)

- 4/30/07

## VLHC Parameters

**Fermilab-TM-2149** **(2001) **

- 4/30/07

## What’s done  by 2005

- Tunnel cost and schedule exercise by CMA firm
- Transmission line design
- 100kA power supply and HTS leads built, QPS
- 104kA transmission line test in MP6
- Superferric magnets designed & optimized
- 14 m of SF magnets built and tested
- Good accelerator quality B-field measured at inj energy up to 1.96T
- Collider Phase I designed (ZDR)
- Many AP issues addressed (e.g.instabilities)
- Thorough bottoms-up cost estimate

- 4/30/07

## Transmission Line Magnet

- warm iron and vacuum system
- superferric:  2T bend field
- 100kA Transmission Line
- alternating gradient (no quads)
- 65m Length

-  30cm support tube/vacuum jacket

- cryo pipes

- 100kA return bus

- vacuum chamber

- SC transmission line

- 4/30/07

## Stage-1 Magnets

- 4/30/07

## 100kA PS at MP6

- 4/30/07

## VLHC- I: Cost Drivers

**Underground construction** cost is the average of the costs of three orientations, and includes the cost of a AE/CM firm at 17.5% of construction costs.
**Used 2001 prices** and c.a.2001 technology. No improvements in cost from R&D are assumed.
**No detectors** (2 halls included), no EDI, no indirects, no escalation, no contingency
**Comparison:** VLHC-I construction cost is comparable to the SSC Collider Ring, which was (escalated to 2001) $3.79B

- 4/30/07

## Stage-2: 10T+ Magnets

- There are several magnet options for Stage 2. Presently Nb3Sn is the most promising superconducting material, e.g. LHC IR Upgrade magnets are being developed by US LARP

**Stage-2 Dipole  Single-layer common coil**

**Stage-2 Dipole  Warm-iron Cosine ******

- 4/30/07

## VHLC roadmap

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**2007**

**2012**

**2017**

**2022**

**2027**

- 6-8 GeV SC RF e/p
- Linac construction

- 40 TeV VLHC
- Construction

-    VLHC – I
- Operation

-    VLHC-II Magnet R&D

- 200TeV VLHC-II
- construction ~2037

- Nb3Sn R&D
- LARP/CERN

- GWF, PL, VS, et al

- VLHC-I Design &
- preconstruction R&D

-  DLHC 17 T
- Magnet R&D - ?

- Phase I

- Phase II

- LHC

- 4/30/07

## Possibilities Considered

- 200GeV/beam VLLC (Very Large Lepton Collider) with L=8e33 in the 233 km tunnel feasible:
- Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 5, 031001 (2002)
- m.b. even with polarization
- 15 km circumference ring fitting FNAL site as:
- 5TeV proton injector to VLHC
- L=5e33 46 GeV/beam  Z/W factory
- 8 GeV H- linac as the 1st  machine in the VLHC injector chain:
- x3-5 smaller emittance than Booster (0.5 pi mm mrad rms norm)
- allows proportional reduction of total current in beam-beam limited VLHC = easier instabilities, energy deposition, losses, collimation

- 4/30/07

## VLHC Attractive Features

- VLHC is:
- “low technology”
-  easy integration
-  easy industrialization and mass production
- Based on three ~”loss-free” mechanisms:
- Superconducting current flow
- DC magnetization of iron
- Recirculation of protons in guiding B-field
- VLHC is the only machine under discussion which does not throw away entire beam energy each pulse:
- Very low AC wall power VLHC-1 0.5MW/TeV
- R&D far advanced compared to other colliders

- 4/30/07

## Future Colliders: Synopsis

|  | DLHC | ILC | CLIC | μCollider | VLHC-I | VLHC-II |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C.O.M, energy | 28TeV | 0.5TeV | 3TeV | 1-4TeV | 40TeV | 200TeV |
|      wrt 
predecessor | 2xLHC | 2.5xLEP | 15xLEP | 20xLEP | 3xLHC | 14xLHC |
| dependence on LHC results | Yes | yes | no | no | no | no |
| R&D req’d | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes |
| Predecessors | LHC | none | none | none | TeV, HERA, RHIC, LHC | LHC, 
VLHC-I |
| US site | none | FNAL | none | FNAL | FNAL | FNAL |
| Foreign site | CERN | Japan | CERN | UK? | none | none |

- 4/30/07

## Back up slides

- 4/30/07

## VLHC-I R&D

- 4/30/07

## VLHC-II R&D 

- 4/30/07

## “Roadmap” Comments

- If I am to summarize Steering Group discussions so far:
- there is interest in having healthy physics program all the time
- in the nearest years it means supporting neutrino experiments  and m.b. launching new ones (Kaons and muons)
- 1-2% ILC e- linac demonstration is very desirable
-  part of that linac can be used for H-/proton acceleration
- A plan of co-operation of 5GeV e- and ~8GeV H- needed ASAP
-  besides ILC R&D, the linac can/should be used for  physics program (neutrino, muons, kaons?)
- seems that at the end of the Linac construction (2017?) we might be at the branching point:
- “high tech” (ILC, Muon Coll) vs “low tech” (VLHC)
- to be in position to decide “intelligently” we need R&D program:
- ILC (NML & beyond), MuonColl(6D MANX & beyond), VLHC(tunnel)

- 4/30/07