# Presentation: 549178

## AVS Repair, Alteration and Fabrication Team (RAFT) Results

## How did this start?

Owners/operators need and want less costly parts and components that are safe, compliant and that are accepted as such in today’s competitive global environment.

- Owners/operators need and want less costly parts and components that are safe, compliant *and* that are accepted as such in today’s competitive global environment.

## The Key Issues

Concerns raised by TC/PC holders and component OEMs about repairs, alterations, fabrications, and replacement part designs:
Not adequately engineered and evaluated for compliance
Being performed on more safety critical parts and complex systems increasing the threat to safety, 
Are being misrepresented as TC/PC holder parts, and 
Create an un-even commercial playing field because FAA does not hold all applicants to the same standards

Unfounded Safety Recommendations and SUPs reports from FAA inspectors and private individuals.

- Concerns raised by TC/PC holders and component OEMs about repairs, alterations, fabrications, and replacement part designs:
- Not adequately engineered and evaluated for compliance
- Being performed on more safety critical parts and complex systems increasing the threat to safety,
- Are being misrepresented as TC/PC holder parts, and
- Create an un-even commercial playing field because FAA does not hold all applicants to the same standards
- Unfounded Safety Recommendations and SUPs reports from FAA inspectors and private individuals.

## Secondary Drivers
Commercial competition between TC/PC holders and the independent after market parts suppliers and maintenance providers
TC/PC holders diversifying into leasing and maintenance 
Owners/operators are contracting maintenance which will continue to increase globally
Liability concern of TC/PC holders and owner/operators about aftermarket parts and repairs which affects:
Insurance implications
Resale value aircraft and parts
Exportability of aircraft and parts

- Commercial competition between TC/PC holders and the independent after market parts suppliers and maintenance providers
- TC/PC holders diversifying into leasing and maintenance
- Owners/operators are contracting maintenance which will continue to increase globally
- Liability concern of TC/PC holders and owner/operators about aftermarket parts and repairs which affects:
- Insurance implications
- Resale value aircraft and parts
- Exportability of aircraft and parts

## How is FAA responding?

- Chartered an AVS team* to review all regulations and policy related to repair, alteration, and fabrication during maintenance
- Identify any gaps and recommend possible solutions:
- Training
- Policy changes
- Rule changes
- * Flight Standards and Aircraft Certification

## What Will the Team’s Report Contain?

- Research Documentation
- Drivers and Issues
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- Proposed Plan to close gaps identified by the study to ensure:
- A joint AVS & Industry strategy
- Consistency of definitions, interpretations and application of requirements
- Identify which rules or policy need revision

## FAA’s Repair, Alteration and Fabrication Study Team Schedule:

Current Status: 
Draft report presented to FAA management late 2007
Presented results to Industry in late 2007 and early 2008
Report to FAA Management and a Proposed Action Plan completed April 2008

**Industry input**

**When did **
**we start?**

**February 07**

**1****ST**** Qtr. 08**

**Study complete**

**End  07**

**Develop policy...**

***FAA’s Repair, Alteration and Fabrication Study Team Schedule:***
***Current Status:***** **
- Draft report presented to FAA management late 2007
- Presented results to Industry in late 2007 and early 2008
- Report to FAA Management and a Proposed Action Plan completed April 2008

## Who is responsible for the airworthiness of the product?

Standard Certificate of Airworthiness (C of A) is issued under 14 CFR 21.183
Aircraft must conform to type design (TC)
Must be in condition for safe operation
Standard C of A remains in effect as long as the aircraft is maintained and altered in accordance with Parts 43 and 91 (21.181)
This means that the operator is responsible for the validity of C of A and for the continued compliance with the appropriate airworthiness standards

- Standard Certificate of Airworthiness (C of A) is issued under 14 CFR 21.183
- Aircraft must conform to type design (TC)
- Must be in condition for safe operation
- Standard C of A remains in effect as long as the aircraft is maintained and altered in accordance with Parts 43 and 91 (21.181)
**This means that the operator is responsible for the validity of C of A and for the continued compliance with the appropriate airworthiness standards**

## Where can owner/operators get 
parts and components?

Purchase parts, approved per CFR Part 21, Subpart K, from: 
TC/PC Holder
STC/PMA Holder
PMA Holder (replacement parts)
TSOA Holder
Repair or alter existing parts and components under CFR Part 43.13 using approved or accepted data

***parts and components?***
- Purchase parts, approved per CFR Part 21, Subpart K, from:
- TC/PC Holder
- STC/PMA Holder
- PMA Holder (replacement parts)
- TSOA Holder
- Repair or alter existing parts and components under CFR Part 43.13 using approved or accepted data

## 	Fabrication of parts using FAA approved or accepted data during the conduct of maintenance is permitted by today’s rules:
14 CFR 43.13(b): “...will do work in such a manner and use materials of such a quality,...” such that condition after maintenance/alteration will be equal to  the product’s original or properly altered condition
14 CFR 21.305(d): Any other manner approved by the Administrator 
Fabricate their own (owner/produced parts)
Fabricate during maintenance (repair or alteration)
Guidance for fabrication is provided in AC 43-18

- 14 CFR 43.13(b): “...will do work in such a manner and use materials of such a quality,...” such that condition after maintenance/alteration will be equal to  the product’s original or properly altered condition
- 14 CFR 21.305(d): Any other manner approved by the Administrator
- Fabricate their own (owner/produced parts)
- Fabricate during maintenance (repair or alteration)
- Guidance for fabrication is provided in AC 43-18

***Fabrication of Parts and Sub-parts***

## 	Extensive repairs are allowed by current rules and policy:
FAA’s concern is with safety and compliance 
Not with percent of part repaired (sliver repairs)
Not with economics of a repair

Maintenance providers should not do extensive repairs with the intent of circumventing PMA requirements or 14 CFR 21.303  

- FAA’s concern is with safety and compliance
- Not with percent of part repaired (sliver repairs)
- Not with economics of a repair
- Maintenance providers should not do extensive repairs with the intent of circumventing PMA requirements or 14 CFR 21.303**  **

***Repairs***

## When developing design data for major repairs, major alterations and PMAs the FAA engineers and designees should evaluate whether or not they are a Major or Minor Type Design Change under CFRs 21.113 and 21.93

Guidance for this is not as explicit as it should be

Currently Designees are not permitted to make that determination (8110.37)

- Guidance for this is not as explicit as it should be
- Currently Designees are not permitted to make that determination (8110.37)

***Effect on the Product’s Type Design***

## Repair or Alteration Process

**Proposed  Repair**
**or Alteration**

**Amend TC or **

**Obtain STC **

**per Order **

**8110**

**.**

**4**

**Approved Data **

**not required **

**–**

**use acceptable **

**data**

**Major / Minor**

** **

**Part  43**

**Perform**
**Repair or Alteration**
** ****per Approved Data**

**MINOR**

**MINOR**

**Return to **

**Service per **

**Part **

**43**

**Effect on **

**Product Design**

**21.113**

**Obtain **

**Approved Data **

**(**

**DER**

**, **

**337 **

**block **

**3**

**, **

**etc**

**.)**

**MAJOR**

**MAJOR**

## Part Marking

- Production Part Marking is covered adequately in CFRs 21 and 45.
- Re-marking parts that have a major alteration performed will be addressed in the next change to CFRs 21 and 45.
- Part Marking for fabrication during maintenance is contained in AC 43-18.
- Part Marking of extensive major repairs and alterations is not covered and is under review by FAA.
- Part Marking of owner produced parts is not covered and is under review by FAA.

## Review DER authorization categories and limitations and make appropriate changes to better delegate DERs in these areas

We will also look at our DER training, DER seminars, etc. to ensure that our DERs are continually updated with our policies

Develop better guidance to help with major/minor design change decisions and issue policy that will ensure standard application

- We will also look at our DER training, DER seminars, etc. to ensure that our DERs are continually updated with our policies
- Develop better guidance to help with major/minor design change decisions and issue policy that will ensure standard application

***Actions that FAA is considering:***

## Clarify policy on “critical parts” consistent with the definition developed under the pending U.S.-EU bilateral agreement as  those parts identified by the TC holder during the safety assessments required for type certification and validation
Clarify how critical parts lists and management plans are documented, transmitted, and used. 
Look at existing guidance such as AC 120-77 and revise to make applicable to repair stations
Develop new guidance for repairs with templates and other information that will ensure consideration of appropriate airworthiness standards

- Clarify how critical parts lists and management plans are documented, transmitted, and used.
- Look at existing guidance such as AC 120-77 and revise to make applicable to repair stations
- Develop new guidance for repairs with templates and other information that will ensure consideration of appropriate airworthiness standards

***Actions that FAA is considering:***

**Notes:**
FAA and EASA have been working on a common understanding of critical parts based upon the output of the TC holders Safety Assessments that are required to be conducted for type certification and validation.
The FAA has not disagreed with the importance of repaired and PMAed parts brought to our attention by the TC/PC holders.  While there is a difference of opinion between FAA and some TC/PC holders over the various strict definitions of “critical” as used within some current FAA documents versus Industry definitions, the basic premise of the need to pay attention to adequately designing and showing compliance for any part is not in dispute.
There are a variety of definitions used by FAA in different orders and regulations so when using the term “critical” you need to be clear about the context of its use.  We apply the term “critical” to parts, systems and processes; and in a variety of context’s were the consequences of a failure could be hazardous.
For example;  In CFR Part 45 for part marking, a “Critical Part” is simply any part subject to an “Airworthiness Limitation.”  The part is not “critical” because it has an Airworthiness Limitation, rather because the failure of the part could be hazardous, it is deemed to be critical and therefore the FAA Administrator has placed an AWL on it. 
Part criticality is also used for the FAA’s Risk-Based-Resource Targeting Certificate Management process, regulatory (CFR) prioritization, Risk analyses, and to require closer coordination with the FAA Directorates for repair and PMA approvals.
Our PMA Order uses critical as a part that: “may cause a significant degradation of the airworthiness of a product during all phases of operation.” 
In the FAA’s Flight Safety Critical Aircraft Parts AC 20-142 (for military parts); a critical part is one whose failure, malfunction or absence could cause a catastrophic failure resulting in loss or serious damage to the aircraft or an uncommanded engine shutdown resulting in an unsafe condition.
If the FAA is going to use the definition of “critical” to control classification of repairs and alterations or to require different approval procedure for repairs and alterations of such parts, then we need to get clearer agreement on the definition.  That includes establishing expectations for how those parts would be identified and managed in service.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AC 120-77 “Repair and Alteration Data” was initially developed to help transport aircraft operators (CFR 121, 129, 135) develop changes to major repairs such as in the Structural Repair Manuals (SRMs) and other manufacturers service documents.  Use of that AC has expanded and it will also need to be reevaluated in light of changes resulting from other RAF Team recommendations. 

FAA is developing templates for repair and PMA compliance on engine components.  FAA will also look into the need for a similar effort on critical aircraft parts.

## Leverage Industry owner/operators and maintenance providers to gather best practices of how they determine Major/Minor repair and alteration classification under CFR 43.  

Implement through the AVS SMS initiative. 

- Implement through the AVS SMS initiative.

***Actions that FAA is considering:***

## Clarify guidance to emphasize that all repairs, alterations, and fabrications have an Instructions for Continued Airworthiness (ICA) assessments consistent with FAA Order 8110.54 ICA, and 
Clarify how ICA are to be documented and transmitted including those for repair, alteration and PMA.
	(Note: AC 43-18 recommends an ICA assessment for fabrication of parts)

- Clarify how ICA are to be documented and transmitted including those for repair, alteration and PMA.
*	**(Note: AC 43-18 recommends an ICA assessment for fabrication of parts)*

***Actions that FAA is considering:***

## Conclusion

- FAA, TC/PC holders and their Suppliers, and Aftermarket Providers need to:
- Objectively investigate service events where repaired, altered and PMA parts may be involved to ensure safety
- Accurately represent all the facts
- Share data on repair and alteration service history and best practices
- Reporting Service Difficulties appropriately

## Continue to implement Continued Operational Safety (COS) programs within the PMA community and repair stations.  

Leverage the AVS Safety Management Program to develop and disseminate guidance on COS management as part of certificate and approval holders’ SMS requirements.

- Leverage the AVS Safety Management Program to develop and disseminate guidance on COS management as part of certificate and approval holders’ SMS requirements.

***Conclusion***

## Thank You !

**Questions?**