# Presentation: 436652

## Engineering Standards, Design, and Plans

## Pertinent NRCS Standards

- Pipeline (516)
- Tank/Trough (614)
- Heavy Use Area Protection (561)

## Practice Standard 516Pipeline

- Gravity system
- < 15 psi pressure
- <1500 ft. length
- 1 inch pipe diameter

## Practice Standard 516Pipeline

- Pressure system
- >15 psi pressure
- 150 psi pipe strength for buried pipelines
- 100 psi pipe strength for above ground pipelines
- working pressures shall not exceed 70% of rated pressure for pipes
- year-around pipelines shall be buried a minimum of 6 feet

## Pipeline Recommendations

- Use 160 PSI minimum HDPE PIPE meeting PE 3408 ASTM 2239.
- Use 1-inch diameter pipe minimum.
- Provide slack in laying pipe to allow for thermal expansion/contraction of pipe. (Approximately 3 %)

## HUAP Definition

- Protecting heavily used areas by establishing vegetative cover, by surfacing, with suitable materials, or by installing needed structures.

## HUAP Purpose

- To stabilize urban, recreation, or facility areas frequently and intensely used by people, animals, or vehicles.

## Heavy Use Area Protection (HUAP)

- Stationary tanks
- Lanes
- “This standard does not include Critical area Planting, Recreation Area Improvement, or Waste Management System.”

## Pipeline Hydraulics

- Remember  1 psi = 2.31 feet of head

## PRESSURE INCREASES BY ELEVATION, NOT VOLUME

**PRESSURE INCREASES BY ELEVATION, NOT VOLUME**

## REPEAT, 2.31 FEET HEIGHT CREATES 1 PSI PRESSURE

## SMOOTH PIPE -

_**SMOOTH PIPE**_** -**
**Pipe has a wall roughness that varies by material and age.   Compare it to sliding your feet across the sidewalk versus a newly waxed vinyl floor.  That is the material difference.**
**Now compare sliding across a newly waxed vinyl floor and one the kids have spilled on for years without cleaning. That is the age difference.  Minerals tend to build up.**

## ROUGH PIPE -  Even new pipe has pits and irregularities.  The coarser the material, the more pits it will have, but even glass is not perfectly smooth.

_**ROUGH PIPE**_** -  Even new pipe has pits and irregularities.  The coarser the material, the more pits it will have, but even glass is not perfectly smooth.**
**Minerals build up faster on copper, steel, or concrete than on plastic.**
**The rougher the pipe, the higher the friction.  The higher the friction, the lower the flow (less pressure at a flow rate).**

## Slide 14

## Example

## Qdesign

## Flow rate (Qdesign)

## Pressure Tank Volume Check

- Let the Area Engineering Staff determine pressure tank adequacy
- Or professional well driller or/and plumber

## PRESSURE SYSTEMS

**PRESSURE SYSTEMS**

**PUMP OFF**

**PUMP ON**

## STATIC LINES

**STATIC LINES**

## EX.  20/40 PRESSURE SWITCH

**EX.  20/40 PRESSURE SWITCH**

## HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE (HGL)

**HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE (****HGL****)**
**and HEAD LOSS (****h****L****)**

## GPM		FEET	PSI

**3****	****	****0.7****	****	****0.29**
**4****	****	****1.2****	****	****0.50**
**5****	****	****1.8****	****	****0.75**
**6****	****	****2.5****	****	****1.05**

**Table****  Friction loss per 100 feet of 1 inch PE pipe**

## Ex.   L=1200 ft  1 inch PE    @ 5 GPM   20/40 psi 

**Ex.   L=1200 ft  1 inch PE    @ 5 GPM   20/40 psi **

**100.0**

**146.2**

**192.4**

**= 1200 ft**

**= 1200/100 x 1.8 = 21.6 ft**

**= 12 x 1.8 = 21.6 ft**

**(170.8)**

**(124.6)**

## Maximum and Minimum Pressure

**Maximum and Minimum Pressure**

- Pmax = Elwell + (PPUMPOFF * 2.31) - Ellowpt

- Pmin = Elwell + (PPUMPON * 2.31) - (fL * 2.31 * Lhighpt/100) - Elhighpt

## Ex. Maximum Pressure

**Ex. Maximum Pressure**
**5 GPM   1 inch HDPE  20/40 PSI**

**192.4**

**146.2**

**100.0**

**70.0**

**120.0**

**110.0**

- Pmax = Elwell + (PPUMPOFF * 2.31) - Ellowpt
- Pmax = 100 + (40 * 2.31) - 70 = 122.4 ft = 53.0 psi

## Ex. Min. Pres.  5 GPM  1 inch HDPE  20/40 PSI, high pt at 800 ft

**Ex. Min. Pres.  ****5 GPM  1 inch HDPE  20/40 PSI, high pt at 800 ft**

**192.4**

**146.2**

**100.0**

**70.0**

**105.0**

**110.0**

- Pmin = Elwell + (PPUMPON * 2.31) - (fL * 2.31 * Lhighpt/100) - Elhighpt
- Pmin = 100 + (20 *2.31) - (0.75 * 2.31 * 800/100) - 105 = 27.3 ft = 11.8 psi

## SUMMARY OF EQUATIONS

**MAX STATIC LINE = P****PUMPOFF**** x 2.31 + El****well****  ****(ft)**
**MIN STATIC LINE  =  P****PUMPON**** x 2.31 + El****well****  ****(ft)**
**H****L**** = L/100 x  chart value @ specific gpm  ****(feet)**
**P****max**** =  El****well**** + (P****PUMPOFF**** * 2.31) - El****lowpt** **(ft)**
**P****min**** = El****well**** + (P****PUMPON**** * 2.31) - (f****L**** * 2.31 * L****highpt****/100) - El****highpt ****(ft)**

## Pmax

- What is maximum pipe pressure in the line (Pmax)?
- In order to determine Pipe Strength (PS), you need to know the Pmax.

## Pmin

- What is the minimum pipe pressure in the line (Pmin)?
- Is it greater than 25 feet or 10 psi?
- If not, try increasing the pipe diameter or increase the pressure tank switch setting.

## Pipe Strength (PS)

**NOTE**:  For above ground installation, additional safety may need to be added when HDPE is installed.  SEFSO is using 1.4.

## Getting Started

- Grazing plan (includes a watering plan)
- Job investigation
- Topographic map (if pressure system)
- Survey (if gravity system)

## Information

- Determine the watering needs (gal)
- Determine the design period (hr)
- Pressure switch settings (psi)
- Friction loss coefficient (psi/100 ft)
- Elevation at source (ft)

- Pipe length (ft)
- Low point on the pipeline (ft)
- High point on the pipeline (ft)
- Length of pipeline at the high point elevation on the pipeline (ft)

## Design Steps

- Calculate designed flow rate (gpm)
- Calculate maximum static line
- Calculate minimum static line
- Calculate head losses due to friction (ft)
- Calculate high pressure in the pipeline (ft)
- Calculate low pressure in the pipeline (ft)
- Calculate pipe strength (psi)

## Example Plan

- Plan layout
- Topographic map
- Profile of pipeline
- Cooperator Approval statement
- Gopher State One statement
- Design notes
- 48 hour NRCS notice

## Example Problems

**Joe Farmer, Nowhere County**
**Mary Grazer, Anywhere County**

## Joe FarmerJob Investigation Sheet

## Slide 38

## Slide 39

## Slide 40

## Slide 41

## Joe Farmer Example

## Slide 43

## Slide 44

## Slide 45

## Joe Farmer Solution

## Mary GrazerJob Investigation Sheet

## Slide 48

## Slide 49

## Slide 50

## Slide 51

## Mary Grazer Example

## Slide 53

## Slide 54

## Slide 55

## Slide 56

## Slide 57

## Slide 58

## Mary Grazer Solution

## Excel Spreadsheet

## A special thank you to Terry Carlson (ND) and Jim Dusek (MN) for their help and notes on the presentation.