# Presentation: 227596

## How Can I Help Them if  I Can’t “See” Them?

## Mediated Interventions For Physical Activity: Use of Print Media

**Mediated Interventions For Physical Activity: Use of Print Media**

- Melissa Napolitano, Ph.D.
- Bess Marcus, Ph.D.
- Brown University Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine

## What Are Mediated Interventions?

**What Are Mediated Interventions?**

##  Definition of Mediated Interventions

** ****Definition of Mediated Interventions**

- Interventions that are delivered indirectly either through print materials, telecommunication, mass media, information technology (e.g., Internet)

## Why Use Mediated Interventions?

**Why Use Mediated Interventions?**

- Dishman and Buckworth (1996) found larger effect sizes for those interventions that employed mediated interventions (e.g., print mailings, telecommunications) when compared with those that were strictly face-to-face

## Approaches to Health Communication (Kreuter et al. 1999)

-  *generic*

-  *personalized*
*generic*

* **targeted*

-  *tailored*

-  *interpersonal*

- Not assess 						 Assess
- based							based
- LEVEL OF ASSESSMENT

- highly
- indiv
- not
- indiv

- CONTENT OF
- COMMUNICATION

- Kreuter, M.W., Strecher, V.J., & Glassman, B. (1999). One size does not fit all: the case for tailoring print materials. _Annals of  Behavioral Medicine_, _21_, 276-283.

## Targeted vs. Tailored Approaches

**Targeted vs. Tailored Approaches**

- Targeted
- Messages aimed at subgroups of    individuals (e.g., ethnicity, gender,  stage)

- Tailored
- Messages “custom-fit” to individual along specified dimensions

## Tailor the Intervention

**Tailor the Intervention**

**Physical**
**Psychological**
**Social**
**Environmental**
**Demographic**

## The following slides are based on data from:Marcus, BH., Bock, BC., Pinto, BM.,  Forsyth, L., Roberts, M. & Traficante, R.  (1998). Efficacy of individualized, motivationally tailored physical activity intervention.  Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 20, 174-180.

## Computer Expert System Reports

**Computer Expert System Reports**

**Motivational feedback**
**Comparative feedback**** **
- (on self-efficacy, decisional balance, processes compared to active individuals)
**Progress feedback**
- targeted deficiencies

## Sections of an Expert System Report

**Sections of an Expert ****System Report**

**How ready are you?**
**Consider the pros**
**Your confidence**
**Get support**
**Reward yourself**
**Make a commitment**
**Think about yourself as an active person**
**Notice your influence on others**

## CONSIDER THE PROS

**CONSIDER THE PROS**
- “Since we last heard from you, you have been learning quite a lot about the benefits of regular physical activity.  Your knowledge and attitudes compare very well with others who have succeeded in becoming and staying regularly active.”

## Design

**Design**

**Comparison of individually tailored, motivation-matched print materials and standard print materials**
**Deliver treatment at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months**
**Participants never come in personal contact with staff**

## Comparison of Exercise Minutes Per Week by Treatment Condition

- * _Note_: significant group differences at p < .01

## Summary of Results

**Summary of Results**

**Individualized, motivationally-matched materials outperform standard materials in enhancing physical activity adoption**
**  ****- especially among Precontemplators and Contemplators**