# Presentation: 515081

## Astrobiology Field Laboratory - 2013 Biosignature Detection

**Earliest Possible “Pathway Compatible” Launch: November, 2013**

- JPL Advanced MISSION STUDIES

- Roger Diehl
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institution of Technology
- March 10, 2004

## Astrobiology Field Laboratory - 2013 Science

**Astrobiology Field Laboratory - ****2013**** ****Science**

**Science Objectives [MEPAG #]**
- Determine the chemical and mineralogical composition of the Martian surface and near surface material [3,10,,11,18,20,22,24,45,46,47,58,61,74,79,94,119,124,144]
- Determine the nature, abundance, chirality, oxidation state, and isotopic properties of carbon compounds (organic and inorganic) [5,13,36,45,121]
- Determine the molecular configuration and isotopic composition of elements other than C relevant to life (H, N, O, P, S) in rocks, soils, and the atmosphere [4,10,11,45,48,119,144]
- Determine the abundance and oxidation state of Fe, Mn and other redox sensitive metals [10,45]
- Determine the Martian surface oxidation chemistry, oxidation profile with depth, and characterize surface heterogeneity [13,15,120,121,177]
- Identify biosignatures [3,4,5,10,11,13]

**Science Feed Forward**
- Identify biosignatures and environmental parameters conducive to life for later life detection/sample return missions [4,10,11,15,94,177]
- Identify sediments and areas of interest for possible later deep drill missions [3,4,18,22,24,46,47,58,61,79]

- Astrobiology Field Laboratory 29Aug03.ppt

## Astrobiology Field Laboratory - 2013 MEPAG Links

**Astrobiology Field Laboratory - ****2013**** ****MEPAG Links**

- Highlighted Areas are Addressed by AFL

- Astrobiology Field Laboratory 29Aug03.ppt

## Astrobiology Field Laboratory - 2013 Candidate Instruments

- Vis/Near-IR imaging spectrometer
- LIBS: Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
- Long Focal Length Imager
- Ground penetrating radar
- Neutron/Gamma Ray Spectrometer (with pulsed neutron generator)
- Micro-Raman spectrometer
- Color hand lens/Microscope  (CHAMP)
- Fe-NMR

**Astrobiology Field Laboratory - ****2013**** ****Candidate Instruments**

- _Analytical Field Laboratory_
- Confocal Microscope with nested Raman
- XRD/XRF
- Mars Oxidant and Radical Detector (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance)
- Organic Analysis Suite
- 2D GC/MS and TOF-MS
- IMS/CIT-MS (Ion Mobility Spectrometer/Cylindrical Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer)
- Biologic Assays (Lab on a chip)
- FTIR/VCD (Fourier Transform IR Spectrometer/Vibrational Circular Dichroism)

- Astrobiology Field Laboratory 29Aug03.ppt

## Astrobiology Field Laboratory - 2013 Mission

**Astrobiology Field Laboratory - ****2013**** ****Mission**

**Scenario**
- “Go-to Mission” to a previously designated site
- Reference landing site:  Melas Chasma, 8.8°S and 77.7°W (MER), -3.5 km
- 800-1000 day landed mission
- 25 km linear traverse capability
- Repeatable 4 (rock corer) and 25 (drill) day cycles
- 2.5 m drilling depth (3-5 holes)
- 100 samples for the organic analysis/biosignature detection suite (pyrolysis and liquid phase organic extraction systems)
**Trajectory**
- Type II
- C3 of 12.4 km2/s2
- Flight time 10 months
- Arrival V 3.3 km/s
**Mission Duration**: 43 months

**LV**: Atlas V (521)
- 3594 kg at this C3
- LV margin  13%1 (463 kg)
- Launch Date: November, 2013 (20 day launch period)
**Arrival Dates**
- September, 2014
**Geometry**
- Direct Entry
- 2013 Landing latitude capabilities: 30°N to 80°S
- MSL EDL system
- Delivery accuracy: 10x10 km ellipse

- 1 LV Margin:  % of Injected Mass - JPL Design Principles Margin

- Astrobiology Field Laboratory 29Aug03.ppt

## Astrobiology Field Laboratory - 2013 Spacecraft

**Astrobiology Field Laboratory - ****2013**** ****Spacecraft**

**Performance Attributes**
- 0.25 km/sol (4 hours driving)
- Power: 220 W (RPS)
- 0.3 m  drill depth per sol
- Daily uplink volume: 3.5 - 14 Gbits
- Planetary protection IVB for rover and EDL, IVA for cruise stage.

**Flight System Elements**
- Astrobiology Field Laboratory
- 1134 kg
- MSL Atmospheric Entry and Descent System
- 1551 kg
- MSL Earth-to-Mars Cruise Stage
- 446 kg1
- Total
- 3131 kg
**Margins Summary**
- 30/43 %2 mass contingency
- 30/43 %2 power contingency
- 13 %3 (463 kg) mass margin

- 1 Includes Bioshield
- 2 Payload and payload infrastructure only
- 3 JPL Design Principles Margin

- Astrobiology Field Laboratory 29Aug03.ppt

## Astrobiology Field Laboratory - 2013 Rover

- Astrobiology Field Laboratory 29Aug03.ppt

## Astrobiology Field Laboratory - 2013 Mass Table

- Astrobiology Field Laboratory 29Aug03.ppt

## Astrobiology Field Laboratory - 2013 Technology/Infrastructure

**Astrobiology Field Laboratory - ****2013**** ****Technology/Infrastructure**

**Critical Technology Needs**
- 2.5 m drill with multiple sample acquisition and transfer mechanism
- Analytical Instrumentation
-  Sample Transportation and Processing
- MSL Rover Technology
- MSL SkyCrane
- MSL Hazard Avoidance and precision landing accuracy
- DoE RTG’s
- Autonomy (Nav and Science)
- Planetary Protection and Cleaning Approaches
**Infrastructure Needs**
- 2009 Mars Telecom Orbiter

- 2009 **Technology cutoffs**
**Candidate Technology Demos for Future Missions**
- Autonomy
- Drill
- Sample Handling and Processing
- Analytical Laboratory
- Longer surface mission operation concepts
**Infrastructure feed forward**
- N/A

- Astrobiology Field Laboratory 29Aug03.ppt