# Presentation: 636812

## Slide 1

## SGI Contributions to Supercomputing by 2010

**Steve Reinhardt**
**Director of Engineering**
**spr@sgi.com**

**Notes:**
Car story:    on way back from WV, almost getting left at rest stop

fishing with Grandmother R and Eliz, cows licking the car

## Supercomputing Aspects of SGI

**Visualization**

**HPC**

**Scalable servers and superclusters**
** ****SGI****®**** Origin****®**** family**
** ****SGI****®**** AltixTM 3000 family**
**SGI****®**** NUMAflex****TM**

**Supercomputing Aspects of SGI**

**Deliver data wherever the users are**
**CXFS/WAN demo at SC’02**
**Each server reads directly, at channel speeds**
**Biggest installed configuration .5PB**

**“****VAN”  **
**Deliver images wherever the users are**
**Enable collaboration**

**NOTE:  No****“enterprise”****references**

**Notes:**
Going back up a level, either the Origin family or SN-IPF (or both together) fit extremely well in the overall value proposition, to analyze, visualize, and share critical data.

The CXFS filesystem enables sharing of information across the entire environment, improving collaboration and workflow.

## SGI in HPC

**Memory is unifying theme  **
**globally addressable up to O(PB)**
**incorporating varied processing types**
**latency (-> 500ns for 10KP) **
**bandwidth (local stride-1 B:F -> 2.0+****                     local gather/scatter B:F .5-1.0****	****	****   remote bisection BW B:F -> .3) **
**Sustained performance**
**differentiated scaling (latency & bandwidth)**
**better memory interface**
**new synchronization substrate**
**Raise the level of programming abstraction**
**UPC/CAF (near-term)**
**parallel Matlab (radical)**

**SGI in HPC**

**Notes:**
Pmatlab:  we’ve been successful in allowing a tiny cadre of extremely bright an ddedicated people to run kiloprocessor programs.  This is not sufficient.  Compoutational scientsits are exiting parallel computing because there is no parallel Matlab.  This must be fixed.

## SGI in HPC

**SGI in HPC**

**SGI Origin® family**
**MIPS processors, Irix OS**
**exploit low power consumption, ISA control**** **
**SGI AltixTM family**
**IPF processors, Linux OS**
**exploit SGI interconnect, with industry-standard ISA and rapid OS maturation**

**Notes:**
Going back up a level, either the Origin family or SN-IPF (or both together) fit extremely well in the overall value proposition, to analyze, visualize, and share critical data.

The CXFS filesystem enables sharing of information across the entire environment, improving collaboration and workflow.

## Balancing High Innovation and Profitability

**low****   Differentiation   ****high**

**low****     Profitability     ****high**

**Notes:**
Cars:  Toyota/Kia,  Porsche;  ‘90s Jaguars

## System / Component Differentiation

**System Cost**

**System Value**

**OS**

**Interconnect**

**Memory**

**Processor**

## Ideal Differentiation

**System Cost**

**System Value**

**OS**

**Interconnect**

**Memory**

**Processor**

## SGI Origin series

**System Cost**

**System Value**

**OS**

**Interconnect**

**Memory**

**Processor**

## Quadrics cluster

**System Cost**

**System Value**

**OS**

**Interconnect**

**Memory**

**Processor**

## IBM SP3 system

**System Cost**

**System Value**

**OS**

**Interconnect**

**Memory**

**Processor**

## SGI Altix system

**System Cost**

**System Value**

**OS**

**Interconnect**

**Memory**

**Processor**

## STREAM  Triad Results 

**World-record result for a μP-based system; fourth overall**
**.8 B:F (6.4GB/s shared by 2x4GF processors)**
**Single kernel;  NUMA placement support in Linux**

**STREAM  Triad Results **

**Notes:**
World-record STREAM result for a microprocessor-based system; fourth overall
2x better performance than IBM eServer p690
3.2x better price/performance than IBM eServer p690
The emerging bottleneck in high-performance computing is the system’s ability to efficiently access information; SGI’s architecture delivers

## Interconnect Scaling

**MPI bandwidth versus distance (MB/s)**

**Coming****soon**

**Notes:**
Coming soon:  NRL has ordered 128P system, being delivered as we speak.

## Altix 3000 Throughput Performance

**Throughput of **
**4 jobs, each **
**8P, crash application**
***System:***
***Altix 3000, 32P, 64GB, XVM, TP900***

**Individual jobs in the throughput mix are between 0.4% and  1.8 % slower than the standalone case**

## Summary: SGI for HPC

**Long-term directions**
- Memory:  globally addressable, high BW, low latency
- Strong delivered performance
- differentiated scaling (latency & bandwidth)
- better memory interface
- new synchronization substrate
- Raise the level of programming abstraction
- UPC/CAF (near-term);  parallel Matlab (radical)
**Near-term deliverables**
- Altix 3000 system
- distinguished performance
- rapidly maturing Open Source software base

## Slide 17