# Presentation: 686934

## Pollutants Identified for Emissions Testing Under ICCR

*presented to:*
- ICCR Coordinating Committee
- Long Beach, California
*presented by:*
- Sam Clowney, Tennessee Gas Pipeline, on behalf of
- the Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine (RICE) Work Group
- July 23, 1997

## Goals for Presentation

- Provide the Coordinating Committee background on the need for RICE emissions testing
- Inform the Coordinating Committee about proposed contents of the RICE test plan
- Present pollutants proposed for emissions testing
- Obtain Coordinating Committee consensus on proposed lists of pollutants for emissions testing

## Background on Need forRICE Emissions Testing (1 of 4)

- EPA extracted RICE emissions tests from STIRSto develop RICE emissions database for ICCR
- Limited HAP emissions data reported
- Tests primarily conducted for California Air Resources Board
- 28 test reports, 104 tests, and approx. 80 engines tested
- Only one report each for landfill gas and propane included
- Little data about control devices (NOx, VOC, CO) that may affect HAP emissions in RICE database
- Few tests before-and-after controls for natural gas
- No tests before-and-after controls for other fuels

## Background on Need forRICE Emissions Testing (2 of 4)

- Reported formaldehyde levels may be too low in some cases due to test methods used
- GRI research shows that high levels of NO2 in some RICE exhaust interferes with DNPH-based methods
- T&M Work Group guidance on this issue indicates tests may underestimate formaldehyde emissions from engines due to NO2 levels
- RICE Work Group developed Information Collection Request (ICR) to gather more data
- Who and What Subgroups

- Background on Need forRICE Emissions Testing (2 of 4)

## Background on Need forRICE Emissions Testing (3 of 4)

- Goal:  to further review databases and identify data gaps
- Emissions Subgroup’s review of emissions tests reveals that key information about engineering and operating parameters lacking from test reports
- Manufacturer and model
- Cycle (2- or 4-stroke)
- Air to Fuel Ratio (rich- or lean-burn)
- Horsepower and speed (rated and as tested)
- Subgroup concludes that operating data cannot explain wide variation in emissions levels reported

- Background on Need forRICE Emissions Testing (3 of 4)

## Background on Need forRICE Emissions Testing (4 of 4)

- Although final decisions on use of data in the ICCR Emissions Database have not yet been made, there are emissions data gaps
- Consensus that more emissions test data is needed:
- emissions from engines across entire operating range
- emissions before and after controls, to determine efficiency of controls for HAPs
- Emissions Subgroup established to develop RICE test plan that will address data gaps

## Overview of RICE Test Plan

- 5 Key Components of RICE Test Plan
- Pollutants to be measured
- Test methods that will be used to quantify HAPs and criteria pollutants (working with T&M Work Group)
- Protocol to document RICE engineering and operating parameters during emissions testing
- Categories of RICE, fuels, and control devices to be tested
- Methodology to prioritize emissions testing if limited testing funds are available
- Today’s presentation is on pollutants to be measured

## Schedule for RICE Test Plan

- Identify test methods	July 24 WG mtg
- Complete generic protocol	July 24 WG mtg
- Begin work on list of RICE and	July 24 WG mtgcontrols to be tested
- Begin work on methodology to	July 24 WG mtgprioritize testing
- Complete list of RICE and controls	August 1997
- Complete prioritization methodology	August 1997
- Complete test plan	September 1997

## Pollutants

- Process to identify pollutants for testing
- Pollutants to be measured for natural gas, diesel, digester gas, landfill gas, and propane
- Proposal for Coordinating Committee Consensus

*Note:  Pollutant lists are only for the purposes of future emissions testing under ICCR.**Pollutants for possible regulation under ICCR are yet to be addressed by the RICE Work Group.*

## Process (1 of 4)

**Use emissions data reported in the RICE emissions database for ICCR as a starting point**
- Pollutant list already focused -- 39 HAPs included in database out of 188 HAPs listed in Section 112(b) of CAA
- High confidence that other HAPs, not included in test reports, are not reasonably anticipated for RICE
- Most reports from California program -- air agencies assisting sources in identification of pollutants
- Testing & Monitoring Work Group reviewed entire list of 188 HAPs and suggested which pollutants may be emitted from RICE -- lists match closely
- Note: dioxin not included in test reports -- Work Group reviewing whether dioxin can be reasonably anticipated

*Note:  Pollutant lists are only for the purposes of emissions testing under ICCR.**Pollutants for possible regulation under ICCR are yet to be addressed by the RICE Work Group.*

## Insert Slide #1 from POLST2.PPT

- 39 Pollutants Included in RICE Emissions Database

## Process (2 of 4)

**Identify pollutants appropriate for each fuel:****  **
- Some pollutants reported for all, or most fuels
- Other pollutants reported only for certain fuels
- Different fuel compositions result in different emissions
- For example, presence of metals or chlorine

- diesel fuel
- digester gas
- landfill gas

- natural gas
- propane

*Note:  Pollutant lists are only for the purposes of emissions testing under ICCR.**Pollutants for possible regulation under ICCR are yet to be addressed by the RICE Work Group.*

## Insert Slide #2 from POLST2.PPT

- Pollutants Included in Tests (Table)

## Process (3 of 4)

**Use results of emissions tests to further focus ****the list of HAPs for each fuel**
- Include all pollutants that are reported above the detection limits -- even if only above once
- Eliminate pollutants that were tested for, but never detected (all reported as ND in the database)

*Note:  Pollutant lists are only for the purposes of emissions testing under ICCR.**Pollutants for possible regulation under ICCR are yet to be addressed by the RICE Work Group.*

## Insert Slide #3 from POLST2.PPT

- 31 Pollutants Detected
- Insert Slide #4 from POLST2.PPT
- Pollutants Reported as “Detects” (Table)

## Process (4 of 4)

**Compare pollutant lists developed by RICE Work Group with other pollutant lists**
- For natural gas and diesel fuel:
- California Air Resources Board developed a list of HAPs likely to be emitted from combustion sources
- Testing & Monitoring Work Group reviewed the list of 188 HAPs and provided lists of HAPs likely to be emitted from RICE using natural gas and diesel
- For digester gas, landfill gas, and propane:
- Testing & Monitoring preparing a list

*Note:  Pollutant lists are only for the purposes of emissions testing under ICCR.**Pollutants for possible regulation under ICCR are yet to be addressed by the RICE Work Group.*

## Insert Slide #5 from POLST2.PPT

- Comparison of Lists:  Natural Gas (Table)
- Insert Slide #6 from POLST2.PPT
- Comparison of Lists:  Diesel Fuel (Table)

## Proposal for Consensus (1)

- The following 7 pollutants should be included in test plans for all IC engines, regardless of fuel:
- BTEX
- Benzene
- Toluene
- Ethylbenzene
- Xylene(s)
- Aldehydes
- Formaldehyde
- Acetaldehyde
- Acrolein

*Note:  Pollutant lists are only for the purposes of emissions testing under ICCR.**Pollutants for possible regulation under ICCR are yet to be addressed by the RICE Work Group.*

## Proposal for Consensus (2)

- Diesel Fuel
- 1,3-butadiene
- Hexane
- Naphthalene
- POMs (PAHs)
- Metals:
- Lead
- Chromium
- Mercury
- Cadmium
- Nickel
- Manganese
- Beryllium
- Selenium

- Natural Gas
- 1,3-butadiene
- Methylene Chloride
- 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
- Chlorobenzene
- Chloroethane
- Naphthalene
- POMs (PAHs)

- Include additional pollutants for specific fuels:

*Note:  Pollutant lists are only for the purposes of emissions testing under ICCR.**Pollutants for possible regulation under ICCR are yet to be addressed by the RICE Work Group.*

## Proposal for Consensus (3)

- Digester Gas
- Methylene Chloride
- Styrene
- Vinyl Chloride
- Dichlorobenzene
- Propane
- Naphthalene

- Landfill Gas
- Carbon Tetrachloride
- Chloroform
- Vinyl Chloride
- 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
- Perchloroethylene
- Trichloroethylene

- Include additional pollutants for specific fuels:

*Note:  Pollutant lists are only for the purposes of emissions testing under ICCR.**Pollutants for possible regulation under ICCR are yet to be addressed by the RICE Work Group.*

## Insert Slide #7 from POLST2.PPT

- Proposed Pollutants for Emissions Tests Under ICCR