# Presentation: 071713

## Introduction to PubMed

- Your Name
- Your contact information can go here

## Objectives

- Understand the purpose and content of PubMed
- Be able to perform a basic search in PubMed
- Be familiar with PubMed’s special features: “Related Articles”, “Journal Links to Full Text”, MyNCBI and others

## The National Library of Medicine (NLM)

- Part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- The world’s largest biomedical library; it produces:
- PubMed  = Index to world’s biomedical literature
- MedlinePlus = Patient education & 	consumer health information
- ClinicalTrials.gov = Database of clinical trials
- TOXNET = Databases on toxicology, hazardous substances, environmental health, etc.
- And much more

## MEDLINE

- The world’s largest biomedical database
- Over 5,000 journals indexed, with worldwide coverage
- Covers all aspects of biosciences and healthcare
- Database of 16+ million journal citations, 1950 to the present
- 90% are in English ; 79% have abstracts
- The primary component of PubMed

## So What Is PubMed?

- PubMed is a tool to search:
- MEDLINE (1950 to present)
- In-process & publisher-supplied citations (some before they are published in hard copy)
- Citations from some older materials not yet upgraded with MEDLINE indexing, some out-of-scope articles from MEDLINE journals, and some life sciences journals that submit full text to PubMedCentral
- Produced by NCBI
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, part of NLM
- Accessible worldwide on the Web at no charge

## What Is MeSH?

- MeSH – Medical Subject Headings
- Controlled vocabulary terms
- Hierarchical structure from broad to specific
- PubMed translates common terms to MeSH terms
- Breast cancer = Breast neoplasms
- Middle ear infections = Otitis Media
- Heart attack = Myocardial Infarction

**Notes:**
Brain edema = 
Otitis media = ear infection or ear ache
Myocardial infarction = heart attack

##   		Let’s Talk

- ...and let’s do a PubMed literature search using:
- Limits
- Related articles
- Display features
- Print and Save features
- Clinical Queries
- My NCBI

## Accessing PubMed

- Directly at: _[http://pubmed.gov](http://pubmed.gov/)_
- Or, National Library of Medicine’s homepage: _[http://www.nlm.nih.gov](http://www.nlm.nih.gov/)_

## PubMed Screen Layout

- Feature Tabs

- Query Box *aka* Search Box

- Blue
- Sidebar

## Searching PubMed

- Let’s use this search:
- 	***What’s the evidence for the use of beta blockers to prevent atrial fibrillation after bypass surgery***

## Enter Your Search in Query Box

## Results Screen

## The Details Tab

- Details Tab
- tells you how
- PubMed has
- translated your search

## Automatic Term Mapping

- PubMed automatically checks what you enter against its indexes in this order:
- MeSH
- Journal Title
- Author
- If no matches, PubMed breaks your search terms apart and searches each piece against these indexes
- Any term that cannot be matched is searched in ALL FIELDS

## Automatic Term Mapping

- arthritis aspirin gastric mucosa
- 		is automatically translated into:
- ("aspirin"[MeSH Terms] OR aspirin[Text Word]) AND ("arthritis"[MeSH Terms] OR arthritis[Text Word]) AND ("gastric mucosa"[MeSH Terms] OR gastric mucosa[Text Word])

##  When to Limit?

- There are many reasons for refining a search strategy. You may want to:
- Exclude foreign language titles
- Look for articles published within a certain timeframe
- Retrieve articles that focus on specific populations
- Look only at clinical research studies

## The Limits Tab

## Other Ways To Limit Your Search

- Add additional terms to query box
- Use Boolean Connectors
- AND, OR, NOTstress **AND** depressiondepression **OR** sadness **OR** unhappy depression **NOT** manic

## Boolean Searching	

- Use AND, OR, NOT and parentheses:
*(**moose OR elk OR deer OR camel) *
*AND automobile accidents*
- Use History Tab to assist in Boolean searching

## Clinical Queries

## Slide 21

## Related Articles

**Related Articles** – a pre-formulated search strategy to match other PubMed citations that are closely related to the selected citation

## Working with Results

- The **Display** bar is used with the following pull-down menus:
**Summary **lets you select other formats, such as Abstract, Brief or Citation format
**Show** and **Sort** **By** offer additional display options
**Send to** lets you **print**, **save**,** e-mail**, **order documents **or the** Clipboard **(a temporary holding bin)

## The Clipboard Tab

- Lets you keep track of “the good ones” while you are still searching
- How to:
- #1: Check the citations to keep
- #2: Use the **Send** pull-down menu to select Clipboard
- #3: Repeat with other strategies
- #4: Click on Clipboard to view your collection
- Will keep up to 500 records for 8 hours!
- More about how to save citations longer when we talk about MyNCBI

## Are the Actual Articles Online?

- If and only if:
- The publisher chooses to make it freely available on its website.
- The publisher has “deposited” content in PubMed Central
- You or your library has purchased access to full text online

**Notes:**
Link Out is designed to provide users with links from PubMed to a wide variety of online resources, including full-text publications, biological databases, consumer health information, and more.

Link Out – connects to other resources, e.g. publishers, organizations. Describe how the librarians can work with their local hospital librarian OR an NN/LM member to get full text articles. 

## What Are Those Icons?

## Important Icons

-            Free full-text from publisher’s site
- Registration may be required
-             Free full-text from PubMed Central
- Publisher icons that don’t indicate FREE = $$ or subscription

## Another Way to Get the Article	

- NLM’s Loansome Doc Ordering System
- A service that allows users to obtain the full-text copies from a medical library
- For more information ask your librarian or go to: _[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/loansomedoc/loansome_home.html](http://www.nlm.nih.gov/loansomedoc/loansome_home.html)_

## Links to LinkOut

**LinkOut** – connects you to other related resources, e.g., publishers, NLM resources and other organizations

## This PubMed feature allows you to:

Save search strategies and set-up automatic email updates
Save bibliographies 
Select filters that customize and sort your search results
and more...

- Save search strategies and set-up automatic email updates
- Save bibliographies
- Select filters that customize and sort your search results
*and more...*

## 		 Saved Searches

**My NCBI** box lets you **Sign in** or for first time users, **Register**. After a search is run, click on the **Save Search** link to save the search strategy.

## 		 Saved Searches

- _	__	__ __Saved Searches_

- After you sign in, the** Save Search **box displays.
- 1)** Enter a name for your search **(something meaningful),
- 2) click** Yes** or **No **for automatic e-mail updates and
- 3) click** OK **after you have made your selections.

## Additional Resources

- The National Library of Medicine
- _[www.nlm.nih.gov](http://www.nlm.nih.gov/)_
- 1-888-FINDNLM (1-888-346-3656)
- custserv@nlm.nih.gov
- Your wonderful librarian!