# Presentation: 372551

## Solar Orbiter ProjectKey Decision Point-A

**Presentation to the Science Mission Directorate Program Management Council**
**June 11, 2008**

## Agenda

**Introduction**
**Science Background & Traceability**
- NASA Solar Sentinels, Far Side Sentinels
- ESA Solar Orbiter
**Merged Joint Science Objectives in JSTDT Report:  Heliophysics Explorers (HELEX)**
- Letter of Agreement for pre-formulation
- 3 Inner Heliospheric Explorers and 1 Solar Orbiter
- Concurrent NASA & ESA AOs for Solar Orbiter
**Management Structure & KDP-A Requirements**
- NASA Management Structure
- NASA and ESA manage separate projects with ICDs
**Several ESA management documents in place**
- NASA leads the creation of the launch vehicle ICD
**Technical challenges:**
- ESA dual launch capability/EELV adapter/mass allocations
- Schedule for instrument delivery
- Number of International Agreements
**Request for approval to advance beyond KDP-A**

## Solar Orbiter History

**The International Living with a Star (ILWS) working group was formed in 2001 to promote interagency cooperation/collaboration in Heliophysics) missions**
**ESA Solar Orbiter Science Requirements Document was released in March 2005.**
**NASA LWS/Solar Sentinels Science and Technology Definition Team Report was released in August 2006**
**Early in 2007, ESA and NASA combined  Solar Sentinels and Solar Orbiter into a single joint collaboration because of the synergy of the two missions**
- A joint STDT (JSTDT) was formed and charged with prioritizing the science goals for the joint collaboration.
- The JSTDT renamed the merged missions as the HELiophysical EXplorers (HELEX) missions.
- The JSDT released its final report on October 5, 2007
**ESA released its Solar Orbiter AO on October 18, 2007**
**NASA released FOSO as an addendum to the SMEX AO on October 22, 2007**

## Solar Orbiter Programmatics

**ESA's Science Programme Committee approved Solar Orbiter in October 2000, and formulation in 2007 with 2015 notional launch**
- Take images of the Sun both in the visible and non-visible wavelengths with equipment similar to the SOHO
- Coverage of the Sun would be out-of-the- ecliptic, similar to Ulysses
**First near Sun observations from low to high latitudes**
*In situ* measurements and high-resolution imaging close to the Sun will advance science of sources of coronal mass ejections (CME)
**Follow-on to SoHo, Ulysses, and Cluster**
- Locate spacecraft above one particular point on the Sun for a relatively long period, thus enabling a more detailed look than ever before
- Closest approach:  45 solar radii due to heat limits on solar panels
- Venus gravity assists could increase its inclination from equatorial to more polar (> 30 degrees)

## Agenda

**Introduction**
**Science Background & Traceability**
- NASA Solar Sentinels, Far Side Sentinels
- ESA Solar Orbiter
**Merged Joint Science Objectives in JSTDT Report:  Heliophysics Explorers (HELEX)**
- Letter of Agreement for pre-formulation
- 3 Inner Heliospheric Explorers and 1 Solar Orbiter
- Concurrent NASA & ESA AOs for Solar Orbiter
**Management Structure & KDP-A Requirements**
- NASA Management Structure
- NASA and ESA manage separate projects with ICDs
**Several ESA management documents in place**
- NASA leads the creation of the launch vehicle ICD
**Technical challenges:**
- ESA dual launch capability/EELV adapter/mass allocations
- Schedule for instrument delivery
- Number of International Agreements
**Request for approval to advance beyond KDP-A**

## Notional NASA/LWS Space Weather Research Network

**Notional NASA/LWS Space Weather Research Network**

**Far Side Sentinel (2006 STDT Report); carried magnetograph**

**Solar Dynamics Observatory**

**Radiation Belt Storm Probes**

**Ionosphere-Thermosphere Storm Probes**

**Inner Heliospheric Sentinels (2006 STDT Report)**

**Near Earth Sentinel (2006 STDT Report)**

## Revised ILWS Space Weather Research Network

**Revised ILWS Space Weather Research Network**

**Solar Orbiter (2007 JSTDT Report)**

**Solar Dynamics Observatory**

**Radiation Belt Storm Probes**

**Ionosphere-Thermosphere Storm Probes**

**Inner Heliospheric Sentinels (2007 JSTDT Report)**

## Science Importance of Solar Orbiter

**Energetic particles may arise from multiple locations in a complex solar eruption. **
**  ****Each location will have different properties**
**  ****These properties mix together (or average-out) as distance from the eruption increases**
**Simultaneous *****in-situ***** observations of magnetic field lines connecting back to flare sites and to shock fronts driven by CMEs are required to determine the relative importance of the associated acceleration processes**
**  ****Also need concurrent remote imaging of flares, wide field-of-view coronagraphy of CMEs**
**   ****and spectroscopic identification of the CME-driven shocks **

## Solar Orbiter Mission Summary

**Mission Profile**
- Launch on Atlas V (Delta IV and Soyuz-Fregat 2-1B as back-ups) in mid-2015
- 3.4 years to reach its Sun-centered orbit, approaching as close as 48 solar radii, or 0.22 AU in 150-day orbit
**Gravity assists at the Moon, Earth and multiple times at Venus to increase inclination**
- Retention of Soyuz option will be addressed in “technical challenges”
**Spacecraft**
- Single element, 3-axis stabilised, 2 adjustable solar arrays
- Orientation:  Sun-pointing (heat shield)
- TM band:  X/Ka
- Data volume per orbit:  380-430 Gbit
**Nominal prime mission duration: ****7-years**
**Operations:**
- Mission:  European Space Operations Centre (ESOC), Darmstadt, Germany, using ESA’s New Norcia (Australia) ground-station
- Science:  European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Madrid, Spain

## Heliospheric Explorers (HELEX) JSTDT Report:Notional Timeline for 2015 Solar Orbiter & 2017 Inner Heliospheric Sentinels (3 S/C) Launches 

## Agenda

**Introduction**
**Science Background & Traceability**
- NASA Solar Sentinels, Far Side Sentinels
- ESA Solar Orbiter
**Merged Joint Science Objectives in JSTDT Report:  Heliophysics Explorers (HELEX)**
- Letter of Agreement for pre-formulation
- 3 Inner Heliospheric Explorers and 1 Solar Orbiter
- Concurrent NASA & ESA AOs for Solar Orbiter
**Management Structure & KDP-A Requirements**
- NASA Management Structure
- NASA and ESA manage separate projects with ICDs
**Several ESA management documents in place**
- NASA leads the creation of the launch vehicle ICD
**Technical challenges:**
- ESA dual launch capability/EELV adapter/mass allocations
- Schedule for instrument delivery
- Number of International Agreements
**Request for approval to advance beyond KDP-A**

## Solar Orbiter:  Science Goal & Objectives 

**Goal:  Explore the near-Sun environment to improve the understanding of:**
- How the Sun determines the environment of the inner solar system
- How the Sun generates the heliosphere
- How fundamental plasma physical processes operate near the Sun
**Science objectives:****	**
- What are the origins of the solar wind streams and heliospheric magnetic field?
- What are the sources, acceleration mechanisms, and transport processes of solar energetic particles?
- How do coronal mass ejections evolve in the inner heliosphere?
**To answer these questions, it is essential to:**
**	****Make *****in***** *****situ***** measurements of the solar wind plasma, fields, waves, and energetic particles**
**     ****Make imaging/spectroscopic observations close enough to the Sun that they are relatively unprocessed**

## Prioritized In Situ Measurements for Solar Orbiter

**Key:  R = Required measurement; S = Supporting Measurement; “blank” = No contribution**

## Prioritized Remote Sensing Measurements for Solar Orbiter

**Key:  R = Required measurement; S = Supporting Measurement; “blank” = No contribution**

## Applicability of Solar Orbiter to the Heliophysics Research Objectives & theHeliophysics and NASA Strategic Goals as Defined in theScience Plan for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate 2007-2016

## Draft Solar Orbiter NASA/ESA Framework:

**NASA Instruments**

**ESA/ ESTEC**

**European Instruments**

**NASA EELV**

**NASA HQ**

**Solar Orbiter Spacecraft**

** ****MOU**
** ****ESA Interface**
** ****(NASA AO) Payload Acquisition**

**ESA**

** ****Project Management**
** ****Project Science **
** ****NASA/ESA Liaison**
** ****NASA P/L Procurement**
** ****EELV Procurement**

** ****NASA/ESA Liaison**
** ****Project Management**
** ****Project Science **
** ****Mission Design**
** ****Mission Integration**
** ****P/L Integration**
** ****Mission Operations**

** ****Range Safety**
** ****Payload Processing**
** ****S/C / Launch Vehicle  I/F**
** ****Launch Services Procurement **
** ****Mission Integration **
** ****Launch Operations **

** ****MOU**
** ****NASA Interface**
** ****(ESA AO) ESA Payload Acquisition**

**Draft Solar Orbiter NASA/ESA Framework:**

**KSC LSP**

**Programmatic Interface**
**Hardware Interface**

**Documented in Study-Phase LOA with ESA**

## Notional Solar Orbiter Instrument Schedule

- DRAFT

## Process for NASA-ESA Cooperation on Concurrent Solar Orbiter AO

**Science Merits**
**Feasibility**
**Tech Evaluations**
**/**
**Steering Committee**
**/**
**Categories I,II, III, IV**
**Selection**

**Payload Complements **
**Accommodation Studies**
**(also with industry)**

**DELTA **
**Technical Assessments **

**AO -out September / October 2007**
**ESA AO Cleared by NASA**

**SMEX AO**

**US Proposals**

**Concurrent Announcement**

**ESA Observers**

**ESA Observers**

**NASA Reviews**

- Preliminary assessment of individual instruments and science performances

**Final Selection**

**Proposals in**
**Mid Jan 2008**

**Internal Technical **
**assessments**

**PI interviews and **
**2nd JSC  Meeting **
**May 2008**

**1st Meet**
**Joint Science Committee (JSC)**

**ESA / NASA**
** ****Consultation**

**3rd Meeting JSC**

**ESA NASA Consultation**

**NASA CAT PROC.**

**Process for NASA-ESA Cooperation on Concurrent Solar Orbiter AO**

## FOSO Solicitation for Proposals

**Proposals for science investigations for high priority science as defined in the HELEX JSTDT report were solicited (Heliospheric imager and science that ESA cannot provide)**
- Order of precedence for the science, requirements, and instruments (highest to lowest):
**FOSO: NPR 7120.5D, NPR 7123.1, RBSP MAR**
**HELEX JSTDT Report**
**Solar Orbiter documentation from the European Space Agency**
- Solar Orbiter Science Management Plan
- Solar Orbiter Experiment Interface Document (EID)-A
**IRD for instruments**
- Solar Orbiter Experiment Interface Document (EID)-B
**Instrumenters’ responses to EID-A**
- Solar Orbiter Payload Definition Document (PDD)
**Description of reference payload & reference spacecraft design**
**Investigations are in two categories:**
- _Instrument_ investigations:  NASA funds an investigation that has a NASA-funded Principal Investigator (PI) leading the development of the instrument suite;
**Example:  A wide angle coronagraph/ heliospheric imager**
- _Sensor_ investigations: NASA funds an investigation that has a NASA-funded PI providing a sensor for an ESA-led instrument suite

## Comparison of SMEX and FOSO Opportunities

## SMEX Focused Opportunity for Solar Orbiter2007 Proposal Evaluation Process

**AO**
**Released**

**Preproposal**
**Briefing**
**@HQ**

**Receipt of**
**Notices of**
**Intent**

**TMC**
**Evaluation**
**Kick Off**

**Receipt of **
**Proposals**

**Compliance**
**Check of**
**Proposals**

**Space Science**
**Steering Committee**
**@ HQ**

**Selection by**
**SMD AA @ HQ**

**10/22/07**

**11/6/07**

**Debriefings to**
**Proposers**

**TMC**
**Evaluation**

**Science Merit**
**& Technical Merit**
**Evaluation**

**TMC Eval**
**Team Meeting **

**Science Eval**
**Team Meeting**

**Categorization**
**Committee**
**@ HQ**** **

**Coordination with **
**ESA Solar Orbiter**

** **

** **

**Summer 2008**

**Program Scientist**
**Briefing Package**

**11/6/07**

## Agenda

**Introduction**
**Science Background & Traceability**
- NASA Solar Sentinels, Far Side Sentinels
- ESA Solar Orbiter
**Merged Joint Science Objectives in JSTDT Report:  Heliophysics Explorers (HELEX)**
- Letter of Agreement for pre-formulation
- 3 Inner Heliospheric Explorers and 1 Solar Orbiter
- Concurrent NASA & ESA AOs for Solar Orbiter
**Management Structure & KDP-A Requirements**
- NASA Management Structure
- NASA and ESA manage separate projects with ICDs
**Several ESA management documents in place**
- NASA leads the creation of the launch vehicle ICD
**Technical challenges:**
- ESA dual launch capability/EELV adapter/mass allocations
- Schedule for instrument delivery
- Number of International Agreements
**Request for approval to advance beyond KDP-A   **

## Notional NASA Solar Orbiter Project (Code 46X):Civil Service and Contractors

- Mission System Eng.
- Code 590

**Notional NASA Solar Orbiter Project (Code 46X):****Civil Service and Contractors**

**Haydee Maldonado**
- Project Manager
**TBD**
- LV/ ITAR Interface Manager
**TBD**
- Financial Manager
**TBD**
- Project Secretary

_**Resources/Project Control**_
-     Project Support
-     Configuration Management
-     Schedules
-     IT

**Chris StCyr**
- Project Scientist
- Code 670

**Julie Janus**
- Contracting Officer
- Code 210

**Requirements**
**Risk Management**
**Software Systems/ IVV**
**Interfaces**
**AETD Support Code 500**

**TBD**
- Instrument Manager
- Code 46X

*** Code 303 is funded from CMO (not project)  **

## Draft Solar Orbiter NASA/ESA Framework

**NASA Instruments**

**ESA/ ESTEC**

**European Instruments**

**NASA EELV**

**NASA HQ**

**Solar Orbiter Spacecraft**

** ****MOU**
** ****ESA Interface**
** ****(NASA AO) Payload Acquisition**

**ESA**

** ****Project Management**
** ****Project Science **
** ****NASA/ESA Liaison**
** ****NASA P/L Procurement**
** ****EELV Procurement**

** ****NASA/ESA Liaison**
** ****Project Management**
** ****Project Science **
** ****Mission Design**
** ****Mission Integration**
** ****P/L Integration**
** ****Mission Operations**

** ****Range Safety**
** ****Payload Processing**
** ****S/C / Launch Vehicle  I/F**
** ****Launch Services Procurement **
** ****Mission Integration **
** ****Launch Operations **

** ****MOU**
** ****NASA Interface**
** ****(ESA AO) ESA Payload Acquisition**

**Draft Solar Orbiter NASA/ESA Framework**

**KSC LSP**

**Programmatic Interface**
**Hardware Interface**

## Pre-Phase A Requirements from NPR 7120.5D &Solar Orbiter Method for Meeting Requirement:4.3.1 Purpose

## Pre-Phase A Requirements from NPR 7120.5D &Solar Orbiter Method for Meeting Requirement:4.3.2  Requirements

## Pre-Phase A Requirements from NPR 7120.5D &Solar Orbiter Method for Meeting Requirement:  4.3.3 Perform Project Planning, Costing, &Scheduling Activities 

## Pre-Phase A Requirements from NPR 7120.5D &Solar Orbiter Method for Meeting Requirement:  4.3.3 Perform Project Planning, Costing, &Scheduling Activities (Continued)

## Pre-Phase A Requirements from NPR 7120.5D &Solar Orbiter Method for Meeting Requirement:4.3.4  Conduct KDP-A Readiness Activities

## Agenda

**Introduction**
**Science Background & Traceability**
- NASA Solar Sentinels, Far Side Sentinels
- ESA Solar Orbiter
**Merged Joint Science Objectives in JSTDT Report:  Heliophysics Explorers (HELEX)**
- Letter of Agreement for pre-formulation
- 3 Inner Heliospheric Explorers and 1 Solar Orbiter
- Concurrent NASA & ESA AOs for Solar Orbiter
**Management Structure & KDP-A Requirements**
- NASA Management Structure
- NASA and ESA manage separate projects with ICDs
**Several ESA management documents in place**
- NASA leads the creation of the launch vehicle ICD
**Technical challenges:**
- ESA dual launch capability/EELV adapter/mass allocations
- Schedule for instrument delivery
- Number of International Agreements
**Request for approval to advance beyond KDP-A**

## Technical Challenge: ESA Dual Launch Capability/EELV Adapter/Mass Allocations 

**Statement:  ESA must maintain compatibility with the Soyuz Fregat launch vehicle as a back up**
**Problem:**
- There is no flight-qualified payload adapter between the Soyuz and the EELV, so ESA will need to design and qualify an adapter
**The Center of Mass of the payload will be raised when the adapter is used**
**The launch loads are significantly worse for the Soyuz compared to the EELV, so structure must be sturdier to accommodate the Soyuz**
**Mass reserves are lower than NASA requires at this point in the project, and mass usually grows instead of decreases as formulation and development occur**
**If the structure only needs to accommodate EELV launch loads, then excess structure mass could be either held in reserve or allocated to the science**
**Potential Solution:  **
- This problem will be discussed during the Joint Steering Committee with ESA on June 10
**Mention has been made of deleting the Soyuz backup after the MOA with ESA is signed **

## Technical Challenge:Schedule for Instrument and Sensor Delivery

**Statement:  The notional schedule for instrument delivery is Sept. 2013, 1.75 years before launch; sensors are to be delivered 1 year before complete instruments**
**Problem:  The short schedule for instrument formulation and development introduces risks due to streamlining tests to meet delivery dates**
- It appears that ESA is holding an extra year of reserve, because the schedule shows shipment of the Solar Orbiter Observatory to KSC one year prior to launch
**Potential Solution:  Refine KSC schedule during Phase A and release some recovered reserve to the instruments so instruments can identify and fix problems early in development**
- Delaying problem identification and resolution until I&T tends to be more complicated (due to more components) and take longer to fix

## Technical Challenge: Number of International Agreements

**Statement:  ESA member states are developing the instruments, and ESA is developing the spacecraft bus**
**Problem:  The number of agreements with the US can become large and time consuming if agreements are required between both ESA and the member states**
**Potential Solution:  Discuss the number of agreements needed with ESA during the Joint Steering Committee meeting on June 10.**

## Agenda

**Introduction**
**Science Background & Traceability**
- NASA Solar Sentinels, Far Side Sentinels
- ESA Solar Orbiter
**Merged Joint Science Objectives in JSTDT Report:  Heliophysics Explorers (HELEX)**
- Letter of Agreement for pre-formulation
- 3 Inner Heliospheric Explorers and 1 Solar Orbiter
- Concurrent NASA & ESA AOs for Solar Orbiter
**Management Structure & KDP-A Requirements**
- NASA Management Structure
- NASA and ESA manage separate projects with ICDs
**Several ESA management documents in place**
- NASA leads the creation of the launch vehicle ICD
**Technical challenges:**
- ESA dual launch capability/EELV adapter/mass allocations
- Schedule for instrument delivery
- Number of International Agreements
**Request for approval to advance beyond KDP-A**

## Request

**Solar Orbiter requests approval to advance to Phase A pending announcement of selections from the FOSO AO**