# Presentation: 381179

## 2003 IECC Update“An Administrative Summary of What’s New”

**2003 IECC Update****“An Administrative Summary of What’s New”**

***Setting the Standard for Building Safety******TM***

***Darren Meyers, PE, CEM***
***Manager, Contracts & Consulting***
***DOE National Energy Codes Workshop***
***June 23******rd******, 2003***

## ICC Mission 

- 	To promulgate a comprehensive and compatible regulatory system for the built environment through consistent performance-based regulations that are effective, efficient and meet government, industry and public buildings.

***  The ICC, a 50,000-member association dedicated to building safety, develops the codes used to construct residential and commercial buildings, including homes and schools. Through its founders, the ICC has more than 190 years of collective experience developing building safety codes that save lives. The majority of U.S. cities, counties and states that adopt codes choose building and fire safety codes developed by the ICC.**

## December 1994 – January 2003

**December 1994 – January 2003**

## Key Issues Affecting Residential

- Separate Chapter for Climate Maps
- Sunroom Additions
- Correction Factors for Steel Roofs and Floors
- Duct Insulation Simplified
- Listed & Labeled Tapes & Mastics
- Add Moisture Control/Recessed Lighting to Ch 6

## Residential Construction

- Detached One- and
- Two-family Dwellings
- (Formerly Type A-1)

**Notes:**
A while back, Chicago tweakedthe definition for BASEMENT in an effort to accommodate all the four-story twonhomes and brownstone conversions built around the city.

## Sunrooms vs. Small Additions

- SUNROOM - A one-story addition to an existing dwelling w/ glazing area >40% in exterior walls/roof.
- Additions <500 ft2 use Table 502.2.5 if:
****40% glazing in walls and roof; and
- Conditioned sunrooms use modified Table 502.2.5 if:
**>**40% glazing in exterior walls and roof; and
- “Thermally isolated”; and
- Served by separate system OR controlled as separate zone

**Notes:**
Approval of CC EC28-00 and EC 30-00 will result in sunroom additions being subject to a “modified” prescriptive path for additions and window replacements, Table 502.2.5.

Where sunroom additions are thermally isolated, and are located > 2,000 HDD, the installed fenestration (windows, doors, roof windows) must have a U-factor no greater than 0.50.

Note that sunroom additions to single-family homes constructed to the IRC will likely exceed the 15% glazing threshold therein.  Such additions would thereby be subject to the envelope compliance methods of the IECC.

## (Sunrooms) vs. Small Additions

**TABLE 502.2.5**
**PRESCRIPTIVE ENVELOPE COMPONENT CRITERIA**
**ADDITIONS TO AND WINDOW REPLACEMENT FOR EXISTING ONE- AND TWO-FAMILY**

| HDD | Fenestration
U-factor e | Ceiling 
R-valuea,e | Wall 
R-valuee | Floor 
R-value | Basement R-valueb | Slab R-value and depthc | Crawl space
R-valued |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0-1,999 | 0.75 | R-26
(R-19) | R-13 | R-11 | R-5 | R-0 | R-5 |
| 2,000-3,999 | 0.50 | R-30
(R-19) | R-13 | R-19 | R-8 | R-5, 2 ft. | R-10 |
| 4,000-5,999 | 0.40
(0.50) | R-38
(R-19) | R-18
(R-13) | R-21 | R-10 | R-9, 2 ft. | R-19 |
| 6,000-8,499 | 0.35
(0.50) | R-49
(R-24) | R-21
(R-13) | R-21 | R-11 | R-13, 4 ft. | R-20 |
| 8,500-12,999 | 0.35
(0.50) | R-49
(R-24) | R-21
(R-13) | R-21  | R-19 | R-18, 4 ft. | R-20 |

|  | MAXIMUM | MINIMUM |
| --- | --- | --- |

**§502.2.5, T502.2.5**

**Notes:**
For small room additions (500 s.f. or less), the table provides a simplified, alternative path to compliance rather than a more rigorous analysis of the building envelope. Note also that Section 502.2.5 has the effect of limiting the installed glazing area to no more than 40% of the gross wall and roof area, effectively prohibiting the typical sunroom or Florida room addition as we know it.

## Duct Insulation Simplified

**IECC TABLE 503.3.3.3****MINIMUM DUCT INSULATION ****(OLD)**

**IRC ****§****N1103.3 DUCT INSULATION**
**R-5, Inside of building but outside conditioned space**
**R-8, Outside of building**

|  | Insulation R-Value (h ft2 °F) |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Ducts in unconditioned attics or outside building |  | Ducts in unconditioned basements, crawls, garages & other unconditioned spaces |  |
| HDD | Supply | Return | Supply | Return |
| < 1,500 | 8  (3.3– 5) | 4  (3.3– 5) | 4  (5) | 0  (5) |
| 1,500 – 3,500 | 8  (5 – 8) | 4  (5 – 8) | 6  (5) | 2  (5) |
| 3,501 - 7,500 | 8  (8) | 4  (5) | 8  (5) | 2  (5) |
| > 7,500 | 11 (8) | 6  (5) | 11 (5) | 2  (5) |

**Notes:**
The duct insulation requirements currently in the IECC are from ASHRAE 90.1-1989 for commercial and are not appropriate for residential buildings.  R-5 is not a commonly manufactured duct insulation level, particularly for flex duct.  The proposed insulation levels are based on research “Impact of Residential Duct Insulation on HVAC Energy Use and Life-Cycle Costs to Consumers.”  The distinction between supply and return ducts is appropriate since supply ducts have higher temperature differences and smaller and shorter runs when compared to return ducts.

Most notably, the requirements for supply ducts located in unconditioned spaces (I.e., attics, crawls, garages, etc.) and outside of the building in climates >7,500 HDD have been increased from R-5 to R-11 and R-8 to R-11, respectively. For climates between 3,500 and 7,500 HDD, the insulation requirements remain relatively unchanged for ducts located outside of the building.  However, for supply ducts located in unconditioned spaces, the insulation level has increased from R-5 to R-8.

Also note that bringing the ducts inside the building:
Oftentimes eliminates the need to insulate.
Avoids conditioning non-living spaces.
Can reduce length of duct runs.
Build 2x6 INTERIOR walls for duct shafts.
Stack-framing allows ducts to pass through.
Best practice would be to avoid using stud-joist-spaces all together (leaky).

## Key Issues Affecting Commercial

- Additional Infiltration Controls
- Equipment Efficiency Updates
- Economizers required at 65,000 Btu/h
- Additions to Hydronic System Controls
- Heat Recovery for Service Water Heating
- Light Reduction and Override Controls
- Revised Lighting Power Densities
- 90.1-2001 as Equivalent Path for Commercial

**Notes:**
Changes EC37-00 through EC47-00 and those approved during the 2001 and 2002 cycles have implications to such topics as weather seals on loading docks, vestibule requirements to control the stack effect, improvements to equipment performance, economizer revisions, lighting controls and additions to the lighting power density requirements.  Primarily this platform of approved changes was intended to facilitate technical consistency between the Commercial provisions in the IECC and the newly referenced ASHRAE 90.1-2001.

## Commercial Construction

**Groups A, B, E, F, H, I, M, High-Rise R, S**
- Offices, Retail, Grocery and wholesale stores, Restaurants
- Assembly, Church, Theater &
- 	Conference
- Industrial work buildings
- Institutional, Hospital or Jail
- Schools and Churches
- Theaters
- Hotels and Motels

**§101.3.2, §202 COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS**

**Notes:**
Alphanumeric descriptors are used throughout the family of International Codes to define occupancy classifications or groups. While most of these descriptors may be unfamiliarto you now, the Department of Buildings continues to utilize the ICC  Codes as the platform for revising the Chicago Building Code, and as such, it is likely you will be seeing these shortly.

INST NOTE: Describe occupancy Groups (I.e., ‘A’ forAssembly, ‘B’ for Business...).

## Vestibules

**Vestibule (air lock) required for:**
- Building entrance doors to spaces _>_ 3,000 Ft2
- Must have self-closing devices
**Exceptions**
- Doors from mechanical, guest room or dwelling unit
- Revolving doors
- Doors primarily for vehicular movement, material handling and adjacent personnel doors

**§802.3.5**

**Notes:**
The CEC requires the installation of a vestibule for all doors with few exceptions. This in an effort to minimize the uncontrolled infiltration of air previously unconditioned (heating season) through lower floors due to stack pressure. The interaction between mechanical systems and the building envelope is affected by this credible leakage and must be considered during design.  During seasonal variations (winter-heating to summer-cooling), the airflow at some locations changes from inflow to outflow but to a lesser extent in summer (ie., the uncontrolled exfiltration of air previously conditioned (cooling season)).

## Other Infiltration Controls

**Other Infiltration Controls**

**Dampers integral to building envelope**
- Motorized dampers required
- Stair vents, elevator shaft vents
- Combustion air ducts
- Exceptions
- Smoke/Fire dampers
- Gravimetric dampers  3 stories
**Loading dock weather seals**
**Recessed lighting**
**101/IS2/NAFS & NFRC 400**

**§802.3.3, §802.3.4**

- Photo courtesy of Fairborn Inc.

**Notes:**
Maximum leakage rate of 3 cfm/ft2k at  1 in. w.g. Dampers to be closed during normal building operation. However, most fire and smoke detection systems required in the National Models (BNBC, SBC, UBC, ICC) are required to be at lease 1/3 open during normal building operation.

Loading dock and cargo door weather seals are required where such doors are installed in the building envelope. 

Two new standards for determining air leakage of fenestration products, 101/IS2/NAFS and NFRC 400, were added to provide guidance for air leakage testing.  The modifications move curtainwalls to a new section with storefront glazing and commercial entrance doors.

## Hydronic System Controls

- Multiple-packaged boiler sequencing required
- Heating boilers >500 kBtu/h shall be
- Multi-staged; or
- Modulating burner-type
- Three-Pipe systems prohibited
- Two-Pipe systems shall incorporate measures to minimize impact of changeover
- Hydronic (water-loop) heat pump system optimization

**Notes:**
For multiple-packaged boilers, sequencing improves operational efficiency, useful life, and minimizes blow down time.
So-called three-pipe systems cause heated water and cooled water to be mixed with each other, increasing both heating and cooling energy use.  These systems are prohibited.
Two-pipe changeover systems use a common distribution system to alternately supply heated or chilled water to fan-coils and air handlers.  Energy is mainly conserved during normal operation.  However,  energy is wasted when the systems change over from one mode to the other since this requires heating the mass of water in the system.

## Energy Recovery for SHW

- Condenser recovery to preheat SHW where:
- Facility operates 24 hrs/day
- At least 600,000 Btu/h is rejected
- 400 tons of electric chiller capacity
- 250-300 tons of gas-fired chiller capacity
- SHW load exceeds 1 MBh
- System must recover lesser of:
- At least 60% of peak heat rejected; or
- Preheating of peak SHW draw to 85°F
- Exceptions

- Courtesy Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, Inc., http://tristate.apogee.net

**Notes:**
The IECC now requires heat recovery from the condenser side of water-cooled systems for preheating service hot water in large 24-hour facilities (eg, 1000-bed hospital or prison, 75+room hotel, commercial kitchens). Heat recovery is most effective where the water heating loads are large and well distributed throughout the day.

Double-bundle condenser or 2-condenser heat recovery can significantly reduce space, domestic water, and/or process water heating costs. Waste heat, normally rejected to the cooling tower, is captured and reused. The example shown here heats water to between 95°F and 120°F to satisfy concurrent cooling and heating loads. The term "double bundle" or split-head condenser refers to one enclosed shell housing two tube bundles separated on the water side.

When the heating load is present, heat is recovered by reducing the amount of heat rejected to the cooling tower. This is done by modulating water flow through (and around) the cooling tower. 
As the water temperature returning from the heating load falls, the tower bypass valve diverts and increasing amount of water directly back to the condenser, transferring heat to the heat recovery condenser bundle and maximizing energy recovery. Hot water up to about 130°F can be produced in certain designs. However, the economics of doing this depends on the relative value of power used and heating energy saved. In addition, this evaluation requires a careful consideration of electric and fuel rate structures. 

The system preheat of 85°F was selected to permit single-stage chillers with heat exchangers on the leaving condenser line to meet the requirement. 

Exceptions include Cogeneration, Condensate Subcooling and Solar Panels.

## Additional Lighting Controls

**Light Reduction Controls for all spaces**
- 50% reduction in a “reasonably uniform” pattern
**Exceptions:**
- Area having one luminaire
- Area controlled by occupant sensing device
- Lobbies, corridors, storage or restrooms
- Guest rooms and dwelling units
- Spaces using less than 0.6 W/ft2

**§805.2.1.1**

**Notes:**
Bi-Level switching has been shown to be an effectivestrategy for reducing building lighting loads, particularly for spaces having mulitple uses (ie., classroom: taking a test, viewing a film or conducting an experiment) and those spaces subject to highly variant occupancy schedules. 

In order for such a requirement to be cost effective let’s look at a hypothetical example:  A 400 s.f. conference room is illuminated at 1.3 W/s.f. in accordance with Table 805.2.2. The cost of a bi-level switch is approximately $15.95. The cost associated with wiring the switch is approximately $3.51. Total with overhead and labor, probably around $29.19.  In order for this installation to be cost effective, the conference space would have to be operated at 50% load for no more than 79 hours annually (8760 hh per year) to pay for itself (assumes IL,Commonwealth Edison at 4.08 cents/kWh).

The 250 sq. ft. threshold was founded on psychosocial principles that the occupants of larger spaces tend to presume less “ownership” of (or “squatters rights” to) the lighting controls (ie., consider a large open office plan). That is, the bi-level requirement tends to make implementation of usable space- or daylight-controllers more common-place. This provides the occupant of a single or double office with the opportunity for individual control, even if the lighting for “common-spaces” used as a whole (ie., spaces >250 sq. ft.) is shut off.

## Automatic Lighting Shutoff

**Automatic Lighting Shutoff**

**For Buildings >5,000 ft.****2 in area**
**Equipped with automatic controls**
- Scheduled basis (‘Front End’ EMS)
- For areas <25,000 ft.2, but
- Not more than one floor
- Unscheduled basis
- An occupant sensing device
**Occupant Override Required**
**Equipped with holiday scheduling function**

**§805.2.2.2**

**Notes:**
Turning lights off is one of the most cost-effective ways to reduce energy consumption.  For buildings > 5,000 s.f. in GROSS area, this section affords two methods to meet this requirement: 1) The use of an occupant sensing device (usually best for switched loads greater than 250W), or 2) The use of automatic lighting shutoff controls.

Automatic lighting shutoff controls differ from occupant sensing devices in that they turn lights off based on a pre-programmed schedule and take the form of a “front end” building automation and control (BAC) system. These schedules typically allow for a warning of an impending “lights-out” as well as an occupant override to accommodate off-hours use of the building.

INSTR NOTE:  May want to use this time to talk a bit about various technologies for occupant/motion sensing. All types may be ceiling, wall or wallbox mounted.
PASSIVE INFRARED (PIR) sensors use a dual element sensing devise so that when one lement senses infrared energy before theother, the sensor assumes occupancyand is turned to the occupied state. PIR devices are strictly “line-of-site” devices and cannot see around corners or over partitions (application: smaller spaces such as offices, conference rooms, lunchrooms).
ULTRASONIC SENSORS (US) use a quartz crystal oscillator to generate an inaudible signal. The ultrasonic signalis broadcast into a space, bounces off surfaces and returns to the sensor’s receiver. Changes in the signal’s return time indicate occupancy. More expensive, but offer greater coverage and have the ability to “see” behind partitions (application: bathrooms, office spaces w/ partitions, large open areas).
MICROWAVE SENSORS are similar to ultrasonic in that a signal is generated and moving objects will cause a shift in the frequency of the return signal. Primarily limited to security and alarm industry.
DUAL TECHNOLOGY (DT) sensors typically utilize both a passive infrared and ultrasonic technology. They offer the combined strengths of both technologies w/o the wweaknesses of each. (application: classrooms or spaces difficult to cover with a single technology).
((Excerpted from “The Basicsof Efficient Lighting”, Jan. 2000, U.S. Dept. of Energy and Lithonia Lighting.))

## Revised Lighting Power Densities

- Adds twelve new Entire Building power densities
- Automotive, Convention Center, Court House, Dormitory
- Hotel Function, Motel, Multi-Family, Parking Garage,
- Penitentiary, Police/Fire, Post Office, Transportation
- Most power densities (W/ft2) have decreased
- Average increase (+8 to 12%), Storage and Theaters
- Average decrease (-15 to 19%), All others
- Analysis incorporates:
- Measured fluorescent light loss factors
- Space type characteristics
- IESNA Lighting Handbook, 9th Ed.
- Approved by IESNA Technical Committee

**Notes:**
Additional building types allow more users to use Chapter 8 methods for determining lighting power budget rather than considering the use of Chapter 7 (ASHRAE 90.1-2001).  A few values are increased.  However, most values show decreases due to increased technology efficiencies, the application of new IESNA lighting level recommendations, and measured data on light loss factors.

124 Individual space models used on a set of 246 generic building types (increased fro 95).
Lamp efficacies and associated lumen depreciation factors reviewed against current, commonly available technologies.
Generic luminaire performance characteristics based on actual tested characteristics of over 240 specific luminaire products

The adoption of these new values have made the lighting power requirements in the IECC the most up to date energy efficient lighting design criteria that meets lighting needs and provides cost effective energy efficiency for commonly designed space types as well as whole buildings.

## 46 States Have AdoptedICC International Codes

- Coordinated family of
-   International Codes

**Notes:**
Eight more states adopt building safety code, 46 states now use the I-Codes.
Indiana has a new state building code. So does Minnesota, West Virginia, New Jersey, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington and Wyoming. Those eight states adopted new building safety codes created by the International Code Council.
Nationwide, 46 states have adopted one or more of the International Codes at the state or jurisdictional level. The District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Federal agencies also are enforcing one or more of the International Codes.

## OK

- MOt

- WY*

- WV*

- ND

- MS*

- HI*****

- AZt*

- AL*

- TX

- MD

- DE

- VT

- NH

- MA

- CT

- RI

- NJ

- WA

- OR

- CA

- NV*

- UT

- AKt

- CO*

- MT

- ID

- SD

- NEt

- KS

- AR

- LA

- IA

- MN

- WI

- MI

- IL*

- IN

- OH

- KY

- TN

- GA

- FL

- SC

- NC

- VA

- PA

- NY

- ME

- NM

*****Code implementation depends upon voluntary adoption by local jurisdictions.
**t**90.1 Mandatory for state owned residential buildings three stories or less in height.

**Residential Code**

- Statewide code both mandatory and voluntary

- 2000 IECC or IRC or equivalent state code adoption or in adoption process

- 1995 MEC or equivalent state code

- 1995 MEC or equivalent state code (partial adoption)

- 1993 MEC or equivalent state code

- 1992 MEC or equivalent state code

- No code or code not EPAct compliant

- 1998 IECC

**Building Codes Assistance Project – www.bcap-energy.org**
**Residential map 9-26-02.ppt**

- 2003 IECC

## Commercial Energy Codes Status

**DE**

- CA

- AK

- OR

- WA

- AZt*****

- UT

- WY

- MT

- SD

- NEt

- COt*****

- NM

- TX

- OK

- KS

- IA

- MN

- WI

- ILt

- MOt

- AR

- LA

- MS

- GA

- FL

- SC

- NC

- VA

- KY

- IN

- MI

- OH

- PA

- NY

**VT****t**

**NH**

- ME

- MA

**CT**

**MD**

- NVt

**NJ**

- ID

- ND*

- TN*

- WV*

**March/April 2003**

- ALt

**RI**

- HI*

**Commercial Code**

- * Code implementation depends upon voluntary adoption by local jurisdictions.
**t **Mandatory for State Owned Buildings

- (15)

- (1)

- (10)

- (19)

- ASHRAE 90.1-1989

- State developed code does not meet 90.1-1989

- Weaker/None

- ASHRAE 90.1-1999 or equivalent state code adoption or in adoption process.

- (2)

- 2003 IECC or ASHRAE 90.1-2001 by way of IECC Chapter 7

- (2)

- 2000 IECC

- (1)

- ASHRAE 90.1-2001

## Why Should We Bother to Change Codes and Standards?

- They can positively or negatively affect
- Manpower and marketing requirements
- Costs, profit and loss
- Competition and international trade
- Realization of the benefits of the technology
- Industry participation in the ICC* Code Development Process* is essential for complete and comprehensive coverage.
- Education and outreach to the building code, design and construction communities to facilitate adoptions

## Summary2003/04 Code Development

- Deadline for Proposals
- March 24, 2003
- Proposals Available
- July 3, 2003
- Code Hearings
- September 5-14, 2003
- Opryland Hotel, Nashville
- Report of Hearings
- November 14, 2003

- Public Comment Deadline
- April 1, 2004
- Final Action Hearings
- May, 2004 (Location, TBD)
- 2004 Supplement Issued
- August, 2004
- 2004-05 Proposals Deadline
- August 20, 2004