# Presentation: 947576

## No.American Tropospheric Ozone Profiles from IONS (INTEX Ozonesonde Network Study, 2004, 2006): Aura Applications & Statistics for Pollution Studies 

**Anne Thompson, PSU; **_**[amt16@psu.edu](mailto:amt16@psu.edu)**_
**<http://croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/intexb/ions06.html>**
**<http://croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/intex/ions.html>**

## IONS Principals

- _Anne M Thompson (PSU), PI_
- _Jacquie Witte (SSAI, NASA/GSFC), Archiver & Webmaster_
- S K Miller, J E Yorks, K M Dougherty (PSU), Analysis
- _Co-Is:_ S J Oltmans (NOAA/ESRL/GMD), O R Cooper (CU-CIRES & NOAA/ESRL/CSD), E Joseph (Howard Univ), J T Merrill (URI), G A Morris (Valparaiso Univ), M J Newchurch (UAH), M Dubey (DOE/LANL), F J Schmidlin (NASA/WFF), D W Tarasick (EC-MSC, Downsview), G Forbes (EC-MSC-Sable Island), B Rappenglueck & B Lefer (Univ Houston), D Baumgardner (UNAM), R B Chatfield (NASA/Ames), T Leblanc (TMF/JPL)
- _Comparison Data: _R B Pierce (NOAA/CIMSS), M R Schoeberl (NASA/GSFC), J A Logan (Harvard)

## North American Tropospheric Ozone Profiles from IONS (INTEX Ozonesonde Network Study, 2004, 2006):  Aura Applications and Statistics for Pollution Comparisons

- Anne M Thompson (Penn State), J C Witte (SSAI at NASA/GSFC), S K Miller, J E Yorks, K M Dougherty (Penn State), S J Oltmans (NOAA/ESRL/GMD), O R Cooper (CU-CIRES & NOAA/ESRL/CSD), E Joseph (Howard Univ), J T Merrill (URI), G A Morris (Valparaiso Univ), M J Newchurch (Univ AL-Huntsville), M Dubey (DOE/LANL), F J Schmidlin (NASA/WFF), D W Tarasick (EC-MSC, Downsview), G Forbes (EC-MSC-Sable Island), B Rappenglueck & BLefer (Univ Houston), D Baumgardner (UNAM), R B Chatfield (NASA/Ames), R B Pierce (NOAA/CIMSS), M R Schoeberl (NASA/GSFC)
- The recent deployment of strategically designed and launch-coordinated ozonesonde networks during Aura has transformed our capabilities for:  [a]  validation and intercomparison of satellite ozone products; [b] evaluation of models and assimilation mapping of global ozone; [c] sampling the UT/LS (upper troposphere-lower stratosphere) with consistent temporal and vertical resolution; [d] determination of dynamical and chemical processes affecting ozone throughout the troposphere.  One example is the SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes) tropical network _[<http://](http://code916.gsfc.nasa.gov/Data_services/Shadoz.)__[croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/shadoz](http://code916.gsfc.nasa.gov/Data_services/Shadoz.)_>, operating since 1998 [Thompson et al., 2003].  The campaign-based IONS (INTEX [Intercontinental Transport Experiment] Ozonesonde Network Study) networks over North America in July-August 2004 and March-August 2006, _[<http://](file:///../../../abs/y07-ABS/%3Chttp:/croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/%20intexb/ions06.html%3E)__[croc.gsfc.nasa.gov](file:///../../../abs/y07-ABS/%3Chttp:/croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/%20intexb/ions06.html%3E)__[/ intexb/ions06.html>](file:///../../../abs/y07-ABS/%3Chttp:/croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/%20intexb/ions06.html%3E)__,_ targeted Aura validation.   An overview of IONS-06 tropospheric ozone as applied to satellite, assimilation and models will be given.  Selected discoveries from the 2004 and 2006 IONS soundings are described.  IONS-04 provided ~300 O3 profiles from eleven North American sites and the *R/V R H Brown* in the Gulf of Maine.  With July-August 2004 dominated by low-pressure conditions over northeastern North America (NENA), UT ozone consisted of approximately 25% stratospheric O3 [Thompson et al., 2007a,b] interleaved with O3 from aged or relatively fresh pollution and lightning [Cooper et al., 2006; Morris et al., 2006].  IONS-06 covered boreal spring and summer, with a greater range (the eleven 2004 sites plus a dozen in California, New Mexico, Mexico City, Barbados and southwestern Canada).  Tropospheric pollution statistics and contrasts in UT/LS O3 between 2004 and 2006 guide retrievals for various Aura retrievals.  Both IONS periods displayed a persistent UT ozone maximum [Cooper et al., 2007] over the summertime south-central US.  March 2006 IONS sondes over Mexico manifested persistent UT/LS gravity wave influence and more sporadic pollution.

## Presentation Road Map

-  **Strategic Ozonesonde Networks in Integrated Observations**
-  **IONS-2004 ****– **High variability; both pollution & natural O3 sources
-     in troposphere.  INTEX *JGR *Special Issues Vol **111 & 112**
** ****IONS-2006**
-    >   Three-phase campaign, > 600 North American soundings
-    >    Pollution, natural O3 sources dominant again
-    >    Aura Validation Papers (*JGR *Special Issue, in press)
** ****On-going Analyses with IONS Profiles**
- 	☛  Hui Poster – IONS-NATIVE-OMI comparisons
- 	☛  Yorks Poster – IONS/Beltsville (MD) pollution statistics
** ****Future?  Modify, optimize retrievals to account for variability**

**Notes:**
Thanks to ARD for the opportunity to describe the two IONS campaigns in support of Aura validation.   The concept of a strategically ozonesonde network, very germane to what we are trying to do with Aura and aircraft/ground-based campaigns in the troposphere, is presented briefly and examples from IONS -04 and 06 are given.  The principal finding of IONS relevant to Aura is a surprisingly high degree of free tropospheric variability, especially between 500 hPa and the tropopause.  This is what I will focus on, noting that IONS profiles have already been used in many Aura validation and assimilation studies.  I commend to you two Posters by my students one of which looks at mixing of pollution down to the BL.  Looking beyond today, we would like to contribute to the process of modifying or optimizing retrievals to account for the variability *and* support new mssions and instrument development. 

## High vertical resolution (~100 m), consistent sonde location guide other sampling, data-assimilation, satellite sampling & algorithms
IONS supports aircraft missions, Aura’s 4 O3 sensors

**High vertical resolution (~100 m), consistent sonde location guide other sampling, data-assimilation, satellite sampling & algorithms**
**IONS supports aircraft missions, Aura’s 4 O****3 ****sensors**

## Define IONS-04 Network Requirements

** ****Can O****3 ****pollution be followed **_**during ICARTT?**_
** ****What are O****3 ****transport patterns across NA & to Europe?            **
** ****How much Asian O****3**** reaches NA?  How much O****3 ****is**
**      ****from STE, advected pollution, lightning? **
**4.   Can O****3 ****pollution be measured from satellite, predicted?  **

**Define IONS-04 Network Requirements**

**Notes:**
For those of you not fAMILAR with IONS – or WHO just ingest the data from the AVDC – HERE IS A QUICK INTRO TO HOW THE NETWORK WAS DESIGNED TO SUPPORT 4-6 AIRCRAFT IN INTEX-NA (THE DC-8 PRIMO IN THE LOGO) AND AURA, THAT LAUNCHED DURING IONS BUT FOR WHICH THE INSTRUMENTS TURNED ON ONLY THAT LAST COUPLE DAYS OF THE EXPT.  ALTHO THE ARROWS INDICATE THE INTEX/IONS REFRENCE TO ASIAN ADVECTION, THE MAIN GOAL OF THE SUMMERTIME EXPT WAS NA EXPORT TOWARD EUROPE WHERE SEVERAL A/C WERE POISED FOR LAGRANGIAN SAMPLING.  THIS DEFINED THE CONCENTRATION OF SITES IN EASTERN NA, MANY OF THEM ADDING TO THE LONG-TIME WALLOPS DATA BY NOAA AND EC.

## DC8 DIAL Ozone (E. Browell, LaRC)

- Huntsville, AL

-  – Huntsvillle Sonde

- ~300 profiles
- collected in 6
- weeks.
- Data at Ames
- & AVDC. Also
- WOUDC
- Image from
- M Avery

- 
- Pierce
- Et al,
- JGR, 2007

**Notes:**
Here is a good EXAMPLE OF A/C SOUNDING-MODEL SYNERGISM DURING A PERIOD OF INTENSE POLLUTION FROM ALASKAN AND CANADIAN FIRES.  THAT IS SEEN IN ED BROWELL’S LIDAR DURING THE 22 JULY 04 FLIGHT.  As THE SOUNDING SHOWS (PRIOR DAY OVER HSV) THERE IS LOTS OF STRAT INFLUENCE AS WELL AND THE RAQMS TOMS ASSIMILATION MANAGES TO SUCCESSFULLY REPRODUCE THE TWO FEATURES HARDEST TO CAPTURE IN A MODEL – THE TROPOPAUSE LOCATION AND MIXED LAYER HEIGHT AND CONCENTRATION.

## Single site variability – Strong ST influence: Narragansett, other NE No American (NENA) sites below t’pause (Thompson et al, 2007b)
Single day variability (2 Aug),  NENA Sites, ExTL layer, high ST O3 mixed with pollution, lightning/convection 

_**Single day variability (2 Aug)**_**,  NENA Sites, ExTL layer, high ST O****3**** mixed with pollution, lightning/convection **

** ****Ozone Variability in Curtains – IONS-04**

**Notes:**
NOW TO THE VARIABILITY I ADVERTIZED – ON THE RIGHT, ONE OF THESE DAILY SNAPSHOTS ALONG THE EXPORT ARROW.  WALLOPS IS CLEAN WITH A PRETTY CLEAR TROPOPAUSE ON 2 AUG, BUT STRATOS INFLUENCE LAYERS WITH POLLUTION AND POSS CONVEC-LIGHTNING IMPACTS.

For a single SITE, NARRAGANSET, WITH DAILY SOUNDINGS OVER 5-6 WEEKS, THE LAYERING IN THE UT IS A PERSISTENT FEATURE AND THIS IS HOW ALL THE NENA SITES – WFF-BV-RHB-YARMOUTH-SABLE APPEAR

## IONS-04 Contributions – O3 Budgets & Processes

**Northeastern No America ozone budgets from laminae analysis **(Thompson et al, 2007a,b):
**25% from Stratosphere**
**15% RCL – Regional convection, lightning**
**10% - Boundary layer – local pollution**
**50% - Advected fresh and aged pollution**
**Pollution from Alaskan, Canadian fires **(Pfister et al, 2005; Morris et al, 2006)
**UT ozone maximum – mostly lightning over south**
**     ****central US, FLEXPART analysis **(Cooper et al, 2006)
**Comparisons of IONS to “smart balloon,” **(Mao et al, 2006)** & models **(Chai et al, 2007; Pierce et al, 2007; Tarasick et al, 2007)

**Notes:**
YOU CAN READ OUR PROCESS ANALYSIS RESULTS IN THE ICARTT/INTEX SPECIAL ISSUE ALONG WITH THESE PAPERS MOST OF WHICH USE IONS DATA

##        IONS-06 for INTEX-B/    Milagro/Aura & TEXAQS-2006   

**March 2006 – Milagro**
**   ****Is there a Mexico-to-Houston**
**Ozone connection?**
**April-May 2006 – INTEX-B**
**   ****Is there an Asia-to-North**
**America Ozone connection?**
**August 2006 – TEXAQS-**
**   ****GOMACCS**
**   ****What is upwind-downwind**
**   ****of Houston Ozone?**
**700 profiles collected Mar-Sept 06**
**<http://croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/intexb>**

**Notes:**
TURNING TO IONS-06 WE WERE SO SUCCESSFUL IN 04 THAT WE EXPANDED THE NETWORK IN TERMS OF STATIONS AND ENDED UP SUPPORTING THE SUMMERTIME NOAA TEXAQS AS WELL AS INTEX-B AND MILAGRO.
**  THE SOUTH CENTRAL TO EAST COAST OUTFLOW OPERATED MOST DENSELY IN THE SUMMER WHEREAS THE WESTERN NA “WHAT IS IMPORTED?”  LAUNCHES WERE CONCENTRATED DURING THE SPRING. 

THE 700 SOUNDINGS ARE AN ASTOUNDING COLLECTION OF DATA AND THE SAMPLE PROFILE SHOWN HERE IS ONE MY PSU TEAM LAUNCHED FOR TES DURING THE NIGHTTIME OVERPASS ON 11 MARCH.

## Spring-Summer IONS-06Seasonal Contrasts, UT/LS Variability

**Spring-Summer IONS-06****Seasonal Contrasts, UT/LS Variability**

**Notes:**
HERE IS SHOWN THE COMPLEXITY OF THE UT/LS **IN BOTH SEASONS – AND OVER MEXICO CITY, A SUBTROPICAL LOCATION**.  BL  POLLUTION VARIABILITY IS PRONOUNCED HERE. 
THE LOWER PANELS ARE SEASONAL CONTRASTS AT SITES BTN 40 AND 50 DEGS (LEFT) AND MEX CITY/HOUSTON/HSV (RIGHT).   THE CHALLENGE FOR RETRIEVALS FROM OMI AND TES, FOR INSTANCE IS OBVIOUS.  CONSIDERABLE DYNAMICS IS AT WORK – NOTE THE BREADTH OF THE 1-SIGMA VARIATION ABOVE 400 HpA. 

 Skipping ahead to IONS-06 in August and Sept, the mixing ratio curtain over Mexico City shows a higher tropopause – more air flow from the tropics during the “monsoon” season there.  

## Satellite Comparisons, IONS-06 & TESDiverge in UT, BL (R Nassar, J Logan, JGR, in press)

**Satellite Comparisons, IONS-06 & TES****Diverge in UT, BL (R Nassar, J Logan, *****JGR, *****in press)**

**Most No Am sites**
**from IONS; Most SH**
**Sites from SHADOZ**

**Notes:**
THESE MIDLAT COMPARISONS WITH TES (COURTESY OF RAY AND JENNIFER) ARE LARGELY IONS-06 BASED. Note THE LARGEST DISAGREEMENTS ARE IN THE UT/LS & BL – 3RD PANEL *SUMMER* W/ INDIVIUDAL PROFILES IN GRAY, MEANS DIFFS IN BLACK, REVEAL THIS.  RHS SCALE BELOW 300 HpA.  THE RESULT IS A TES HIGH BIAS...

## Summary 

-  **IONS-2004 ****– **High variability regionally, temporally
-    --  Laminae – a consistent approach to tropospheric O3 budgets
-    --  Northeast US/Maritimes show complex UT/LS: interleaved STE,     lightning, pollution influences, ie “***extra-tropical tropopause layer****”*
** ****IONS-2006**
-    >    All sites display mixed ozone sources in UT/LS, with a south
-          central summer “UT ozone maximum” similar to 2004
-    >    In progress:  2004-2006 NENA comparisons; 2006 seasonal
- 	budgets - pollution, natural O3 sources
-    >    In press: IONS-06 & Validation of TES, OMI/MLS, MLS, HRDLS
** ****Stay tuned for other IONS-06 Results **
- 	☛  Model & Assimilation comparisons
- 	☛  Visit Hui, Yorks Posters

## Acknowledgments, References 

**Acknowledgments, References**

-  **Aura Validation & SHADOZ (M. J. Kurylo); IONS/INTEX-A  (B. G. Doddridge(IONS-04), IONS-06/INTEX-B (J. H. Crawford) **
-  _**NEW SHADOZ CD!  AGU & EGU 10**__**th**__** SHADOZ Anniversary Sessions!**_
**  **_**Recent References on IONS Sondes & Sonde Precision**_
**H G J Smit et al, Assessment of the performance of ECC-ozonesondes under quasi-flight conditions in the environmental simulation chamber: Results from the Juelich Ozonesonde Intercomparion Experiment chamber (JOSIE), *****J. Geophys. Res*****., 112, doi: 10.1029/2006JD007308, in press, 2007. **
**A M Thompson et al., IONS (INTEX Ozonesonde Network Study, 2004).  1. Summertime UT/LS (Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere) ozone over northeastern North America, *****J. Geophys. Res*****., 112, D12S12, doi: 10.1029/2006JD007441, 2007a.**
** ****A M Thompson et al., IONS (INTEX Ozonesonde Network Study, 2004): 2.  Tropospheric ozone budgets and variability over Northeastern North America, *****J. Geophys. Res*****., 112, D12S13, doi: 10.1029/2006JD007670, 2007b.**
**A M Thompson, J C Witte, H G J Smit, S J Oltmans, B J Johnson, V W J H Kirchhoff, F J Schmidlin, Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) 1998-2004 tropical ozone climatology.  3. Instrumentation, Station Variability, Evaluation with Simulated Flight Profiles, *****J. Geophys. Res.*****, 112, D03304, doi: 10.1029/2005JD007042, 2007c.**

**Notes:**
FINALLY – A CHANCE TO THANK OUR MAIN SPONSORS AND THE DOZENS OF CO-IS AND OPERATORS IN OUR NETWORKS.

## ARC-IONS – 2008 Proposed for ARCTAS

## Major IONS Issue – Sources of UT Ozone.In Progress – IONS-WAVES (2007) at Beltsville.  Compare to “FLEXPART Budget”

**Major IONS Issue – Sources of UT Ozone.****In Progress – IONS-WAVES (2007) at Beltsville.  Compare to “FLEXPART Budget”**

- Above – ST influence above 8-9 km (300 hPa).  Lightning too?
- Right – Cooper et al (in press): [a] All median O3, 10-11 km, Aug 06;  [b] pv <1, stratospheric influence removed; [c] trop O3 less ST O3 from MPI model = lightning UT O3 influence

## TTOR Comparisons – Schoeberl et al, in press

**TTOR Comparisons – Schoeberl et al, in press**