# Presentation: 358205

**The Ohio State University**
**Program for **
**International and Homeland Security**

- Todd Stewart, Ph.D.
- Director, Program for International and Homeland Security
- The Ohio State University
- Telephone:  (614) 688-3276	e-mail:  stewart.598@osu.edu

**Emergency Management & Homeland Security/Defense**
**Higher Education Conference**

**FEMA**

- June 2006

## Our Motto:  Education for Citizenship

**Greetings from The Ohio State University !**

- Ohio State President
- Karen Holbrook

**Our Motto:****  Education for Citizenship**

## Discussion Points

**The Ohio State University**
- Program Description
- Program Initiatives

## Ohio State’s Mission

**Education**
**& Training**

**Research &**
**Development**

**Outreach &**
**Engagement**

**Notes:**

The Ohio State University, like most public research universities, has three general missions
 Research &Development:  Creating new knowledge
 Education and Training:  Communicating knowledge
 Service:  Outreach and engagement ... working with government agencies (at all levels) and non-government organizations in the private sector and in the community

 These three missions are not independent – they reinforce one another and together are synergistic

## The Ohio State University

- One of the nation’s largest, most comprehensive single-campus universities
- Ohio’s “flagship” university and land-grant university
- 58,000+ students
- 5,000+ faculty
- 18 colleges – all located in Columbus, Ohio
- Programs
- 174 undergraduate programs
- 111 master’s degree programs
- 93 doctorate programs
- 12,000+ courses

**Notes:**

 When I got to Ohio State in April 2002 (2.5 years ago), I really didn’t know much about the university – except for their intense dislike for the University of Michigan.

 The message is here is that we are big – the largest university in the country.  We have a lot of capability to “bring to the fight.”

 All of academic units are co-located in Columbus.  Consequently, we are very well positioned to do inter-disciplinary and cross-disciplinary research, education and service.

## The Ohio State University

- Long history of education and research related to national security:
- ROTC detachments for all three services
- Research, education and other support to (e.g.):
- All three military services
- Defense agencies
- Department of Homeland Security
- Department of Justice
- Department of State
- Central Intelligence Agency

## Long History of Focusing on Homeland Defense

## Discussion Points

- The Ohio State University
**Program Description**
- Program Initiatives

## Background

## Academic Plan – October 2000

**Initiative #3:**  “Maintain ongoing multidisciplinary initiatives where appropriate and **develop new initiatives that draw on University-wide strengths to attack major problems of the next quarter century**.  Create multidisciplinary centers that can attract additional faculty in key areas, helping reduce student-faculty ratios in high-demand fields.”

## National Security

**	****“... ****a major problem of the next quarter century” ...**

**9 / 11 / 01**

## National Security

- The United States faces traditional and emerging new threats to its national security
- At home
- Around the world
- Emerging threats include the proliferation of:
- Extremist states and trans-national groups using terrorism
- Weapons of Mass Destruction/Effects
- These threats are:
- Real
- Significant
- Probably enduring

## Academe’s Role in Homeland Security

- Academe is a target
- Academe is commonly a base of operations and source of logistics for the bad guys
- Academe is a source of solutions and capabilities
- Research and Technology Development
- Education and Training
- Students preparing for careers
- Professionals working in government agencies and non-government organizations
- Citizens in the community
- Service and Support
- Community
- Others

## The National Homeland-Security Team

**Individual**
**Citizens**

## The National Homeland-Security Team

- Federal
- Government

- Local
- Government

**Individual**
**Citizens**

- State
- Government

**Executive**

**Congress**

**Judicial**

- Allied
- Foreign
- Governments

## The National Homeland-Security Team

- Federal
- Government

- Business
- and
- Industry

- Local
- Government

**Academe**

- Other Non-
- Government
- Groups

**Individual**
**Citizens**

- State
- Government

**Executive**

**Congress**

**Judicial**

- Allied
- Foreign
- Governments

## Program Description

## Program for International and Homeland Security

- Established in April 2002 by Ohio State’s President and Board of Trustees
- University-wide administrative program
**Goal:**  Help improve the security of the United States, while preserving and protecting our values, freedoms and liberties, international relationships, and economic strength and competitiveness

## Program for International and Homeland Security

**Purpose/Mission:**
- Assist those individuals, government agencies,  and private-sector organizations responsible for, or interested in, various aspects of national security, by promoting and supporting related:
- Research and development
- Education and training
- Service – outreach and engagement

## Objectives:
Increase our understanding of national security issues, especially extremism, the use of terrorism, and the proliferation of technologies and weapons of mass destruction
Promote the development of better-informed (federal and state) public policy, strategies and plans, regarding national security issues 

- Increase our understanding of national security issues, especially extremism, the use of terrorism, and the proliferation of technologies and weapons of mass destruction
- Promote the development of better-informed (federal and state) public policy, strategies and plans, regarding national security issues

- Program for International and Homeland Security

## Program for International and Homeland Security

**Objectives:**
- Develop new technologies and transition those technologies into effective, practical and affordable solutions to (current and future) international and homeland security problems
- Prepare people to better understand and deal more effectively with the international and homeland security challenges we face today, and will likely face in the future

## Program for International and Homeland Security

**Vision:**
- The Ohio State University is recognized nationally and internationally as a major “center of excellence” for multidisciplinary research, education and training, and the development of practical, affordable solutions to problems affecting our national security at home and abroad

## Program for International and Homeland Security

**Strategy:**
- Capitalize on the university’s strengths, e.g.:
- Size and comprehensiveness
- Capability to deliver multidisciplinary programs
- Nationally-ranked programs, e.g.:
- World-class scholars and researchers
- National leader in industry-funded research
- Proximity to state government
- Long history of supporting national-security research and education

## Program for International and Homeland Security

**Strategy:**
- Establish a university-wide (multi-functional, multi-disciplinary) administrative program
- Do _not_ establish a separate center/institute or academic program for national (or homeland)  security within (and limited to) a particular college, school or department
- Incorporate national- (homeland-) security topics, courses and programs in as many different academic disciplines as possible ... “touch” as many faculty and students as possible
***Consider the ***_***entire***_*** ***_***university***_*** as the “center”***

## Program for International and Homeland Security

**Education**
**& Training**

**Research &**
**Development**

**Outreach &**
**Engagement**

**Strategy ... a Balanced Approach**

## Program for International and Homeland Security

**Strategy:**
- Encourage Ohio State academic units, teams and individual scholars/researchers to work on international and homeland security problems, especially multidisciplinary programs, activities and initiatives
- Leverage Ohio State resources, through strategic partnerships and alliances, e.g., with:
- Other universities
- Federal, state and local government agencies
- Battelle Memorial Institute
- Other public- and private-sector organizations

## Program for International and Homeland Security

**Strategy:**
- Most importantly, make the program relevant and responsive to the current and future homeland-security requirements of:
- Ohio’s state and local government departments and agencies
- Federal government departments and agencies
- Non-government organizations, e.g.,
- Owners of critical infrastructure
- Suppliers to the homeland-security market

## Program for International and Homeland Security

**Strategy:**  Align the program with (e.g.):
- National- and homeland-security statutes (e.g.)
- Homeland Security Act of 2002
- Patriot Act
- Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004
- National- and homeland-security strategy documents (e.g.)
- National Security Strategy of the USA
- National Strategy for Homeland Security
- National Intelligence Strategy of the USA
- Strategy for Homeland Defense and Civil Support
- Presidential Directives
- National Security (NSPDs)
- Homeland Security (HSPDs)
- National Infrastructure Protection Plan
- National Response Plan
- National Incident Management System
- Other related planning documents

## National Security Model – U.S. Interests

**U.S. Interests**
-   Domestic
-      -  People
-      -  Infrastructure
-      -  Economy
-      -  Society
-  International

## National Security Model - Threats 

- National Security Model - Threats

**Natural**
**Disasters**

**Accidental**
**Disasters**

**Intentional**
**Attacks**

## National Security Model 

- National Security Model

**U.S. Interests**
-   Domestic
-      -  People
-      -  Infrastructure
-      -  Economy
-      -  Society
-  International

**Natural**
**Disasters**

**Accidental**
**Disasters**

**Intentional**
**Attacks**

## National Security Model 

**Attacks**

- National Security Model

**U.S. Interests**
-   Domestic
-      -  People
-      -  Infrastructure
-      -  Economy
-      -  Society
-  International

**Natural**
**Disasters**

**Accidental**
**Disasters**

**Identify the**
**Threat**

**Deterrence &**
**Prevention**

**Preparation &**
**Protection**

**Emergency**
**Response**

**Recovery &**
**Reconstitution**

**Attribution &**
**Response**

## Risk-Cost Management Model

- VULNERABILITY
- OF THE TARGET

- THREAT TO
- THE TARGET

- CONSEQUENCES
- OF THE ATTACK

**+**

**+**

**+**

- RISK TO
- THE TARGET

## Risk-Cost Management Model

_**CONSTRAINTS**_
-  Technological
-  Informational
-  Resource
-  Legal
-  Political
-  Social

- IDENTIFY
- THREATS

- PREVENT
- THREATS

- DEFEND &
- PROTECT
- TARGET

- RESPONSE

- RECOVERY

- VULNERABILITY
- OF THE TARGET

- THREAT TO
- THE TARGET

- CONSEQUENCES
- OF THE ATTACK

- Risk-Reduction Actions

**+**

**+**

**+**

**-**

**-**

**-**

**-**

**-**

- RISK TO
- THE TARGET

## Risk-Cost Management Model

_**CONSTRAINTS**_
-  Technological
-  Informational
-  Resource
-  Legal
-  Political
-  Social

- IDENTIFY
- THREATS

- PREVENT
- THREATS

- DEFEND &
- PROTECT
- TARGET

- RESPONSE

- RECOVERY

- VULNERABILITY
- OF THE TARGET

- THREAT TO
- THE TARGET

- CONSEQUENCES
- OF THE ATTACK

- Risk-Reduction Actions

- COSTS TO
- REDUCE
- THE RISKS

**+**

**+**

**+**

**-**

**-**

**-**

**-**

**-**

**+**

**+**

**+**

**+**

**+**

- RISK TO
- THE TARGET

## Program for International and Homeland Security

**Sr. VP**
**Research**

**Provost**

**VP**
**Outreach**

**Program**
**Director**

**Requiring**
**& Funding**
**Agencies**

**External**
**Partners**

**OSU**
**Colleges**
**& Centers**

** ****Other Universities**
** ****Battele**
** ****Others**

** ****Program Coordinators**

** ****Fed Government**
** ****State & Local Government**
** ****Contractors**
** ****Foundations**

**Advisors**
** ****Board**
** ****Faculty**

**Other**
**Stakeholders**

** ****Alumni**
** ****Civic Groups**

**Education & Training**

**Research & Development**

**Outreach & Service**

## Program for International and Homeland Security

- Agro-terrorism & Food Security
- Bio-terrorism/Defense
- Border Security & Immigration
- Business and Contracting
- Critical Infrastructure Protection
- Cyber-terrorism/Security
- Domestic Counter-terrorism
- Economic & Financial Issues
- Education and Training
- Emergency Preparedness and Response
- Government & Political Issues
- Homeland Defense
- Homeland Security – General
- Information Sharing, Comm, Security & Systems

- Intelligence and Warning
- International Issues
- Legal & Justice Issues
- Media and Communications
- Medical Care Delivery
- Public Health
- Risk Management & Insurance
- Science and Technology
- Sensors, Detection & ID
- Social and Cultural issues
- Terrorism & Terrorists
- Transportation Security
- University Issues & Security
- Weapons of Mass Destruction

**Focus Groups:**  To facilitate interdisciplinary research and study in this area, a number of focus groups have been established.  These groups currently include:

## Discussion Points

- The Ohio State University
- Program Description
**Program Initiatives**

## Education and Training

## Education and Training

- Colleges with blocks of instruction, courses, or academic programs related to national/homeland security:
- College of Arts and Sciences
- College of Biological Sciences
- College of Business
- College of Engineering
- College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
- College of Humanities
- College of Law
- College of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- College of Medicine and Public Health
- College of Pharmacy
- College of Social and Behavioral Sciences
- School of Public Policy and Management
- College of Veterinary Medicine

## Education and Training

- Centers and institutes involved with national- and  homeland-security education and training, e.g:
- Center for Information Assurance
- Cognitive Systems Engineering Laboratory
- Center for Law, Policy and Social Science
- Graduate Program for Environmental Sciences
- Ohio Center for Education in Bioterrorism Preparedness
- Ohio Center for Public Health Preparedness
- Mershon Center for the Study of International Security
- The John Glenn Institute for Public Service & Public Policy
- Ohio State Extension (offices in all 88 Ohio counties)

## Education and Training

- A few new educational initiatives:
- Undergraduate International Studies Program – “Security and Intelligence” specialization
- Center for Public Health Preparedness (CDC grant)
- An interdisciplinary on-line certificate in “Homeland Security and Public Health Protection” (Winter 2006)
- Center of Excellence for Information Assurance Education (NSA-DHS)
- Bio-defense curriculum development for the health professions (HRSA grant)
- Optional Homeland Security seminars for all 6,000+ freshmen

## Education and Training

- A few examples of new courses dealing with national security:
- International Security and the Causes of War
- U.S. Security Policy During and After the Cold War
- Terror and Terrorism
- Development and Control of Weapons of Mass Destruction
- Bioterrorism:  An Overview
- Introduction to Intelligence
- Code Making & Code Breaking
- Modern Intelligence History
- Psychology of Personal Security
- Food Security and Globalization
- Information Security
- Information Analysis and Comprehension
- Transportation Security
- National Security and the Strategy-Making Process
- Joint Military Operations and Area Studies
- U.S. Security Policy
- Issues in Biotechnology
- Rise & Decline of the Taliban
- Nationalism in Post-Communist Russia:  the Chechen War
- Graduate Seminar in Water Security

## Education and Training

- John Wiley & Sons + Ohio State project to develop a series of homeland-security textbooks for undergraduate college programs:
- Purpose of the project
- Structure:
- Text I:  Introduction to Homeland Security (provides an overview of all of the material covered in the other four textbooks)
- Text II:  Threats to Homeland Security:  An All-Hazards Assessment
- Text III:  Homeland Security:  Law, Policy Strategy and Organization
- Text IV:  Managing Homeland Security:  Intelligence, Prevention, Protection and Preparation
- Text V:  Managing Homeland Security:  Response and Recovery
- Capstone Exercise
- Status

## Service:  Outreach & Engagement

## Service:  Outreach & Engagement

- Collaboration with Federal Government:
- Executive Branch:
- Central Intelligence Agency
- Department of Agriculture
- Department of Defense (Services and Agencies)
- Department of Energy
- Department of Health and Human Services
- Department of Homeland Security
- Department of Justice (FBI)
- Environmental Protection Agency
- National Science Foundation
- White House Office of Science and Technology Policy
- Legislative Branch (Congress):
- House Committee on Homeland Security
- Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs

## Recent proposal to the DHS to establish a national “Ready Campus” initiative, as a part of its “Ready Campaign” – “Practice What We Teach!”:
Goals:
Improve the preparedness and resilience of university and college campuses to all hazards
Prepare universities and colleges to better support their communities in a disaster or catastrophic emergency
Help foster a “culture of preparedness” among students, faculty, staff and community
Outputs:  Decision tools; training resources; etc.
Outcomes:
Better prepared, capable and resilient campuses
More aware and better prepared citizens  

- Goals:
- Improve the preparedness and resilience of university and college campuses to all hazards
- Prepare universities and colleges to better support their communities in a disaster or catastrophic emergency
- Help foster a “culture of preparedness” among students, faculty, staff and community
- Outputs:  Decision tools; training resources; etc.
- Outcomes:
- Better prepared, capable and resilient campuses
- More aware and better prepared citizens

- Collaboration with DHS

## Collaboration with DHS

- Recent proposal to DHS to establish a department focal point  for dealing with the academic community
- Why?
- Currently, there is no DHS (department-level) focal point, to coordinate all of the department’s activities with academe ... research, education, training, and other support.
- For example, there is no DHS focal point for implementing “Hurricane Katrina Lessons Learned – Homeland Security Professional Development and Education” (Recommendations 112-118)
- There is nothing comparable to the Office of the Private Sector, under the Policy Directorate

## Collaboration with State Government (Ohio)

- Advisor to:
- State of Ohio Security Task Force
- Ohio Homeland Security Division
- Ohio Homeland Security Strategic Plan
- Ohio Strategic Analysis and Information Center
- Ohio Homeland Security School Roundtable

## Collaboration with Academe

- U.S. Northern Command Homeland Security and Defense Educational Consortium (HSDEC)
- Naval Postgraduate School University Partners Initiative
- National Academic Consortium for Homeland Security (NACHS)

## National Academic Consortiumfor Homeland Security (NACHS)

- Ohio State established the consortium in March 2003
- Objectives:
- Promote interest in homeland-security scholarship
- Facilitate communication and collaboration among academic institutions involved with homeland security research, education, training and support
- Public, on-line data base of homeland security academic programs:  **http://www.osu.edu/homelandsecurity/NACHS**
- Strategic academic partner to government agencies and non-government organizations concerned with homeland security and homeland defense

## National Academic Consortiumfor Homeland Security (NACHS)

- Current membership:  326 institutions, collectively representing all 50 states, the D.C., the Territory of Guam, Germany, Japan and Singapore
- Member institutions:
- Public and private schools
- Four-year and two-year schools
- Research universities and teaching colleges
- Not-for-profit and for-profit institutions
- 17 federal institutions

## Discussion Points

-   The Ohio State University
-   Program Description
-   Program Initiatives

## Questions & Discussion

## Back-up Slides

## Research and Development 

## Research and Development

- Colleges with on-going research and development related to national and/or homeland security:
- College of Arts and Sciences
- College of Biological Sciences
- College of Business
- College of Engineering
- College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
- College of Humanities
- College of Law
- College of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- College of Medicine and Public Health
- College of Pharmacy
- College of Social and Behavioral Sciences
- School of Public Policy and Management
- College of Veterinary Medicine

## Research and Development

- Research centers and institutes involved with on-going national- and  homeland-security/defense research and development projects, e.g:
- Center for Industrial Sensors and Measurements
- Center for Information Assurance
- Center for Mapping
- Cognitive Systems Engineering Laboratory
- ElectroScience Laboratory
- National Regulatory Research Institute
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
- Institute for Collaborative Research and Public Humanities
- Center for Law, Policy and Social Science
- Ohio Center for Education in Bioterrorism Preparedness
- Regional Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Center for Criminal Justice Research
- Center for Urban and Regional Analysis
- Mershon Center for the Study of International Security
- The John Glenn Institute for Public Service & Public Policy

## Research and Development

- Areas of current national- and/or homeland-security/defense research & development initiatives (e.g.):
- Agro-terrorism and defense
- Bio-terrorism and defense
- Business and financial issues
- Cyber-security and information assurance
- “C4ISR” – Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance
- Counter-terrorism policy and strategy
- Critical Infrastructure Protection
- Information assurance and cyber-security
- Public Health preparedness and response
- Medical care delivery
- Sensors and detection
- Border- and perimeter-security systems
- Terrorism and Terrorists

**Hurricane Katrina:  Lessons Learned**

**Homeland Security**
**Professional Development**
**and**
**Education**

## Lesson Learned

- 	*“**The Department of Homeland Security should develop a comprehensive program for the professional development and education of the Nation’s homeland security personnel, including Federal, State and local employees, as well as emergency-management persons within the private sector, non-governmental organizations, as well as faith-based community groups.  This program should foster a “joint” Federal Interagency, State, local and civilian team.”*

## Recommendation 112

_**Recommendation**_**:**  Each Federal department and agency assigned specific homeland security roles should establish a homeland-security professional-development program that encompasses career assignments, education, exercises and training.

## Recommendation 113

_**Recommendation**_**:**  OPM should establish, and Federal Departments and agencies should implement a career-development process that mandates interagency and intergovernmental assignments, as well as professional education.
- Each career development program should require that homeland-security personnel complete interagency or intergovernmental assignments, and professional education, prior to assignment to senior managerial positions, including the Senior Executive Service (SES).
- Departments and agencies should establish fellowships that allow state and local homeland-security professionals to serve in a related Federal department or agency for a limited period of time.
- The White House should consider if legislative or regulatory changes are required to facilitate interagency and intergovernmental assignments.

## Recommendation 114

_**Recommendation**_**:**  The Department of Homeland Security should establish an interagency working group to establish specific goals with objective standards, agaiinst which Department and Agency progress toward full implementation of effective professional development programs can be measured.

## Recommendation 115

_**Recommendation**_**:**  DHS should provide training, technical and other assistance in support of other departments’ and agencies’ homeland-security professional-development programs.

## Recommendation 116

_**Recommendation**_**:**  DHS should establish a National Homeland Security University (NHSU) for senior officials that serves as a capstone to other educational and training opportunities.

## Recommendation 117

_**Recommendation**_**:**  Federal departments and agencies should strengthen their existing homeland-security educational and training programs.

## Recommendation 118

_**Recommendation**_**:**  The White House should consider establishing a Presidential Board to review the national security, homeland security, and counterterrorism professional-development programs of Federal departments and agencies, to identify opportunities for further integration.