# Presentation: 317638

## CAP Communications Orientation Class

**Voice of Command**

## CAP Radio Operator Authorization

**Communications Orientation Class**
**1-2 Hour Class on:**
**Standard Operating Procedures**
**Local Operating Procedures**
**Entitles CAP member to operate a CAP Radio**
**Issued a CAPF 76, Radio Operator’s Permit by Wing or higher headquarters**
**Advanced Communications User Training**
**4 Hour Class**
**Pass the Advanced Communications User Test, CAPF 119**
**Entitles CAP member to be assigned a call sign for their radio**
**Required as part of the Communications Specialty Track**

_**Authorization is done in two phases:**_

## CAP Radio Station Licensing

**CAP is a considered a federal agency, thus its Radio Stations are *****authorized***** by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)**
**Public stations are *****licensed***** by the FCC**
**Federal agencies are not allowed to use services allocated exclusively to the public sector for their business.**
**This excludes the use of Amateur Radio and Citizens Band for CAP business.**

_**The regulation for all CAP Communications is CAPR 100-1**_

## Types of Stations &Tactical Call Signs

**GROUND**

**AIRMOBILE**

**Shiprock 1265**

**CAPFLIGHT 3001**

**Shiprock 45**

**MOBILE**

_**NEW MEXICO WING CALL SIGN EXAMPLES**_

## PROWORDS

**THIS IS****	****	****Preface to your call sign**
**ROGER****	****	****Last transmission received OK**
**OVER****	****	****I’m done, go ahead**
**OUT****	****	****I’m done, bye**
**WAIT****	****	****I will be back in a few seconds**
**SAY AGAIN****	****Say that again**
**CORRECTION****	****Oops!  I really meant to say**
**WILCO****	****	****ROGER **_**and**_** I will comply**
**AFFIRMATIVE****	****Yes**

**Prowords are a special set of words used for clarity and brevity in communications.**
**Some of the most commonly used prowords are:**

***Reference: 100-1***

## Phonetic Alphabet

**A****	****Alpha**
**B****	****Bravo**
**C****	****Charlie**
**D****	****Delta**
**E****	****Echo**
**F****	****Foxtrot**
**G****	****Golf**
**H****	****Hotel**
**I****	****India**
**J****	****Juliet**
**K****	****Kilo**
**L****	****Lima**
**M****	****Mike**

**N****	****November**
**O****	****Oscar**
**P****	****Papa**
**Q****	****Quebec**
**R****	****Romeo**
**S****	****Sierra**
**T****	****Tango**
**U****	****Uniform**
**V****	****Victor**
**W****	****Whiskey**
**X****	****X-Ray**
**Y****	****Yankee**
**Z****	****Zulu**

## Numbers

_**Pronunciation**_
-   1	WUN
-   2	TOO
-   3	TREE
-   4	FO-WER
-   5	FIFE
-   6	SIX
-   7	SEVEN
-   8	ATE
-   9	NINER
-   0	ZERO

**When writing the numbers, do not write them down the way they are pronounced.  **
**For example, do not write “one” as “wun” or “five” as “fife.”  Write them as “one” and “five.”**

## I SPELL / FIGURES / INITIALS

**Use “I SPELL” for pronounceable words**
**PIZZA**
**“****I SPELL PIZZA  PAPA INDIA ZULU ZULU ALPHA   PIZZA”**
**Use “FIGURE(S)” AND “INITIAL(S)” for non-words**
**N516F**
**“****INITIAL NOVEMBER  FIGURES FIVE ONE SIX  INTIAL FOXTROT”**

**CORRECTIONS**

******  ****Use proword “CORRECTION” to correct a mistake**
**Example: **
**“... ****Turn right at next corner ... CORRECTION  Turn left at next corner...”**

## SENDING NUMBERS

**Use Prowords “FIGURES”, “DECIMAL”, “TIME”, “INITIALS”**

- Digit-by-Digit Not
- “Seven Fifty”

**750****	****“FIGURES SEVEN FIVE ZERO”**

- Niner
- Not Nine

**849****	****“FIGURES EIGHT FOUR NINER”**

- Decimal
- Point

**14.5****	****“FIGURES ONE FOUR DECIMAL FIVE”**

- Z Time

**1635Z****	****“TIME ONE SIX THREE FIVE ZULU”**

- Initial And
- Figures

**E21****	****“INITIAL ECHO FIGURES TWO ONE”**

- One Figure
- and Initial

**3-A****	****“FIGURE THREE DASH INITIAL ALPHA”**

## ZULU Time

**AKA Greenwich Mean Time or Universal Coordinated Time.**
**Refers to the current time in Greenwich, United Kingdom.**
**Zulu time is a system of timekeeping that refers to the same time, no matter what time zone you are in.**

## Date-Time Group

**16  0218Z  APR  97**

**Date**

**Time**

**Month**

**Year**

**Date **_**and**_** Time in ZULU**

## Distress and Emergency Signals

**MAYDAY****	****	**Distress
**PAN****	****	****	**Urgency
**SECURITE****	**Safety

- }

**Supercedes all**
**Priority or**
**Routine Traffic**

## Operator Responsibility

**LISTEN**
**Be Prepared to Assist**
**Do NOT Transmit Unless You Have Something to Offer or Contact is Requested**

## Calling Another Station

**To Establish Contact**
**“****Shiprock 40 **_**THIS IS**_** Capflight 3021 **_**OVER**_**”**
**Response from the Ground Station**
**“****Capflight 3021 **_**THIS IS**_** Shiprock 40 **_**OVER**_**”**
**No need to use call signs until communications are complete**
**On Closing the Contact**
**“... ****Capflight 3021 **_**OUT**_**”**

## Always end a transmission with OVER or OUT  -  NOT BOTH!

**Always end a transmission with OVER **_**or**_** OUT  -  NOT BOTH!**
**Do not use “Roger Wilco” instead of  Wilco.  “Roger Wilco” means “Last transmission received OK last transmission received OK and I will comply.”**

## Airborne operators:
Before transmitting, make sure you are on the correct frequency.
Before leaving the aircraft at the close of a mission, make sure the ELT is off.

**Before transmitting, make sure you are on the correct frequency.**
**Before leaving the aircraft at the close of a mission, make sure the ELT is off.**

## 5 Habits of a Good Radio Operator

**Speak clearly**
**Annunciate your words.**
**Speak slowly **
**Remain calm no matter what happens - Never Panic**
**THINK - “Use Your Head”**

## Prohibited Operating Practices

**Violation of Radio Silence**
**Personal Conversation**
**Transmitting in a Net without permission of NCS**
**Lack of identifying call sign**
**Excessive tuning and testing**
**Use of Amateur Radio or Citizens Band frequencies for CAP business, and Vice-Versa.**
**Use of 10 codes or Amateur Radio Q Signals**

## Slide 19

## CAP Communications cont.

**Telephones - Landline and cellular telephones can be used in addition to radio communications.**
**INTERNET - E-mail communications, information web pages, internet phone and other methods of communication over the internet.**
**GOAL**** - To have a readily available and comprehensive communications network using a variety of assets.**

## NTIA Deviation Changes

**Currently, 25Khz channel spacing and 5Khz deviation**
**By January 1, 2008, the NTIA has mandated the Federal government to use radio equipment with 12.5kHz channel spacing and 2.5kHz deviation to allow for more channels and more users.**
**If you purchase your own equipment, be sure that the equipment has the new 2.5 kHz deviation and that it is capable of the new channel plan.  Make sure that the receiver will be selective enough to ignore stations that are 12.5 kHz away**

##  Voice Operating Modes

**SIMPLEX**

**REPEATER**

- Single Frequency - One Station at a Time

- 148.15 MHz

**R**

**T**

**143.90**

**148.15**

- Two Frequencies - One Station at a Time

## Repeater Operation

- 143.90

- 148.15

- 100.0 Hz Tone

**Note:  All CAP Repeaters respond to the 100.0 Hz tone**

- Repeater increases the range of mobile
- stations due to its high profile location

**Universal Access Tone used by low power stations only**

## Inside the Repeater

- 143.90 MHz

- 123.0 Hz Tone

**Receiver**

**100.0 & 123.0 Hz**
**Tone Decoder**

**Transmitter**

**“****Mike Button”**

**Voice**

- 148.15 MHz

**PTT**

- Repeater will only turn on its transmitter if it hears one of two tones:
- 1) Universal access tone (100.0 Hz) or
-  2) Repeater site specific tone (123.0 Hz for the Montgomery Repeater)

- The **Tone Decoder** “listens” for either of the two tones on the incoming signal

- The **Tone Decoder** “presses” the Push To Talk (PTT) button to turn on the transmitter.

## Primary mode of operation should be simplex.  
Only use the repeater if simplex is not possible.
Selectively use a repeater through use of its assigned access tone
Use of 100 Hz tone is prohibited since this will bring up multiple repeaters
The key is to limit use to a single repeater

_**Only use the repeater if simplex is not possible**_**.**
**Selectively use a repeater through use of its assigned access tone**
_**Use of 100 Hz tone is prohibited since this will bring up multiple repeaters**_
**The key is to limit use to a single repeater**

**Airmobile use of Repeaters**

## CAP Radio Frequencies

**HF-SSB**
**4582.0 KHz****	****National Calling Frequency**
**7635.0 KHz****	****National Calling Frequency**
**HF-AM**
**26.62 MHz****	****	****Short range communications - Not often ****	****	****	****	****used**
**VHF-FM**
**143.75 MHz****	****Alternate Repeater Input (for 148.125)**
**143.90 MHz****	****Primary Repeater Input (for 148.150)**
**148.125 MHz****	****Alternate Repeater Output**
**148.1375 MHz****	****Alternate Simplex**
_**148.150 MHz**_**	****Primary Repeater Output & Simplex**
**149.5375 MHz****	****Air-Ground**
**149.895 MHz****	****Packet**

## Aeronautical SAR Stations

**Aeronautical Search And Rescue Stations (SAR) Operate on two Aircraft Frequencies**
**122.9 MHz - TRAINING Only**
**123.1 MHz - ACTUAL Missions Only**
**Contact ground teams by using VHF-FM**
**149.5375 - Air-to-Ground Simplex**
**Base Call Signs assigned by geographical location**
**“****THIS IS Albuquerque Mission Base  OVER”**

## Radio Operation Summary

**Common Controls:**
**     ****Volume**
**     ****Squelch**
**     ****Channel Selector**
**     ****Mike with Push to Talk Switch (Release to Listen)**

**Radio Setup**
**     ****Radio Transceiver (VHF-FM, HF-SSB, SAR)**
**     ****Power Supply (110 VAC or 12 Volt DC)**
**     ****Antenna (Vertical, Magnetic Mount, Dipole)**

- V

- S

- 1

- Power
- Supply

## Radio Net Operation

**A Formal Net is established to control the flow of traffic on a single radio channel**
**The Net Control Station (NCS) maintains net discipline by controlling who is talking**
**Break Ins to the Net should be done only if you have emergency traffic**
**The NCS must be contacted first for permission to contact another station**
**Sample Net Check-in (GR10 is the NCS):**
**“****Shiprock 40, THIS IS Shiprock 1800 with no traffic, over”**

## All transmissions must receive permission from the Net Control Station (NCS)

**Radio Nets - Contacting another Station**

**SR 40**

**SR 10**
***NCS***

**SR 2404**

**1**

**2**

**3**

**1 -**** “Shiprock 10, THIS IS Shiprock 40 with traffic for Shiprock 2404 OVER”**
**2 -**** “Shiprock 40, Contact Shiprock 2404 with your traffic, OUT”**
**3 -**** “Shiprock 2404, THIS IS Shiprock 40, OVER”**

## NET STATION CHECK IN ANDOPERATING EXAMPLES

**Checking into a Net with no traffic during roll call:**
***	******“******This is ***_***<YOUR CALL SIGN>***_*** with no traffic OVER"***
**Requesting permission from NCS to send a message:**
***	******" ***_***<NCS CALL SIGN>***_*** this is ***_***<YOUR CALL SIGN>***_*** with a ***_***<PRIORITY>***_*** message for  <***_***ADDRESSEE CALL SIGN>***_*** OVER"***
**Acknowledging readiness to receive traffic:**
- 	***"This is ***_***<ADDRESSEE CALL SIGN>,***_*** go ahead with your traffic OVER"***
**Acknowledging receipt of a message:**
**	*****"This is ***_***<ADDRESSEE CALL SIGN>,***_*** roger your message OUT"***

## Levels of Precedence

**FLASH - *****Not used in CAP Messages***
**HIGHEST PRIORITY**
**HANDLED AS FAST AS POSSIBLE, AHEAD OF OTHER MESSAGES**
**IMMEDIATE **
**MESSAGES RELATED TO SITUATIONS GRAVELY AFFECTING THE SECURITY OF THE NATION.**
**REQUIRES IMMEDIATE DELIVERY**
**PRIORITY**
**USED FOR MESSAGES WHERE “ROUTINE” ISN’T FAST ENOUGH**
**PROCESSED AHEAD OF ROUTINE MESSAGES**
**ROUTINE**
**MOST USED.  DELIVERED IN ORDER RECEIVED.**

## Message Construction

**MESSAGE HEADING**
**The Originator (From)**
**The Addressee (To)**
**Precedence (Urgency)**
**Date and Time Group**
**TEXT**
**Information being sent.**
**Separated from the heading and ending by the proword “BREAK” (may not be part of the text being passed)**
**ENDING**
**Reserved for the Radio Operator’s Notes**