# Presentation: 788611

## RHIC Mid-Term Strategic Plan

**RHIC Mid-Term Strategic Plan**
**Science Outlook,** **Upgrades, Resources**

**T. Ludlam, July 24, 2006**

- QCD Collider Laboratory

**Mid Term Plan**

**Brookhaven Science Associates****U.S. Department of Energy**

## Overview/Summary

**The Mid-Term Strategic Plan is a roadmap for RHIC facility operations, R&D, and upgrades for the period 2006 – 2011**
** ****Leading to RHIC II**
** ****Setting the stage for eRHIC**

**It is a resource loaded plan.**

**The schedule is driven by:**
**  ****Scientific priorities and productivity**
**  ****Technical readiness**
**  ****A committed scientific workforce**

**The research addresses fundamental questions of broad significance:**
**  ****What are the phases of QCD matter?**
**  ****What is the wave function of the proton?**
**  ****What is the wave function of a heavy nucleus?**
**  ****What is the nature of non-equilibrium processes in a fundamental theory?**

## The Science:  Where do we stand now?

**QCD at high temperature and density:  ****QGP ... sQGP**
**QCD at high energy and low x:  ****Physics of strong color fields**
**QCD and the structure of hadrons:  ****What is the origin of nucleon spin?**

**A new state of matter has been observed, with extraordinary properties.**
- We want to understand its behavior, its properties, its origins, and it’s relationship to fundamental natural phenomena.

**First measurements of hadronic spin interactions have been made, in the high-energy regime where perturbative QCD interactions can be used to measure non-perturbative spin structure.**
- RHIC is poised to exploit absolutely unique opportunities to determine how the spin of the proton emerges from its seemingly complex QCD structure.

## Two Major Experiments to probe the Early Universe

**Two Major Experiments to probe the Early Universe**

**With thanks to Tetsuo Hatsuda**

**WMAP**

**RHIC**

## Basic questions regarding the hottest, densest matter ever observed

- What is the nature of the phase transition between the new matter and final-state hadrons?
- Is there direct evidence for deconfinement?
- How does the thermodynamic character of the new matter evolve from the zero-entropy initial state?
- How does the medium thermalize so quickly?
- What are the transport properties of this medium?
- Are there resonant states, as in high-density EM plasmas?
- What is the screening length?
- Is chiral symmetry restored, as predicted by QCD?
- Is the Color Glass Condensate a correct description of the initial state?

**RHIC II Science workshops, 2004 - 2005**

## Addressing the Basic Questions

-   formation and transport of heavy quarks, and quarkonium bound states
-   fragmenting jets from high energy partons
-   high energy photons
-   collective flow & anisotropy in the radiation fields emitted from an expanding hot volume of QCD matter
_**Typically these are rare probes:**_
**Future progress requires well-defined improvements in detector capability and machine performance.**

**Addressing the Basic Questions**

## The Facility:  Where Do We Stand Now?

**Four Detectors                     Two Large Detectors**

**Enhanced Luminosity Goals for Next Few Years:****  **
**Au ****– ****Au Luminosity goal (200 GeV/nucleon)** **:  8 ******** 10****26**** cm****-2**** s****-1  **_**(4x design)**_
**p-p Luminosity goal (200 GeV):  6 x 10****31 ****cm****-2**** s****-1****  **
**p-p Luminosity goal (500 GeV)** **:  1.5 ******** 10****32**** cm****-2**** s****-1****  **_**16x design **_

**EBIS Construction: CD-1 in place; CD-2 in 2006.  ****Operational in 2010**

**Short-term detector upgrades underway**

**Facility Operation**
_**Systematic species and energy scans**_**  *****This has proved crucial!***
**Constrained Budgets**
_**Balance between Running RHIC and investment in upgrades**_
- 	***Significant funding from non-DOE sources***

**Dramatic progress in polarized proton performance**

- The goal for RHIC II:  an additional ~10x increase in Au-Au luminostiy.
**Annual data samples >20 nb****-1**

**Polarization approaching 70%**

## RHIC II Luminosity Upgrade with Electron Cooling

- Gold collisions (100 GeV/n x 100 GeV/n): 	 w/o e-cooling	with e-cooling
- Ave. store luminosity [1026 cm-2 s-1]	         8	       70
- Pol. Proton Collision (250 GeV x 250 GeV):
- Ave. store luminosity [1032 cm-2 s-1]	       1.5	       5.0

**R&D in Progress:  proof-of-principle expected in 2006**

## RHIC Computing Facility...

**RHIC Computing Facility...**

**Data Transfer and processing from all four experiments.**

**FY 2006 capacity**
-  Mass Storage System:
-  5 StorageTek robotic tape silos  **~7 PBytes**
-  57  tape drives **~ 1.9 GB/Sec**
-  CPU:
-  4300 CPU Intel/Linux processor farm
**~4150 kSPECint2000 (~6 Tflops)**
-  Central Disk:
-  250 Tbytes RAID 5 storage
-  3.0 Gbyte/sec disk I/O capacity
-  820 Tbytes distributed disk

**Initial investment:  ~$8M**
**Annual equip. funds of ~$2M for upgrades**

## Facility Use:  Physics priorities, Run planning, Upgrades

**Facility Use:  ****Physics priorities, Run planning, Upgrades**

**Major Planning Documents:**
- _Decadal Plans:_  PHENIX, STAR, PHOBOS, BRAHMS
- 	Submitted to BNL September, 2003
- _RHIC Twenty-Year Planning Study:_
- 	Submitted to DOE January, 2004
- _Research Plan for Spin Physics at RHIC: _
- 	Submitted to DOE January, 2005

**Annual Beam Operations Scenarios:**
-   Beam Use Proposals from Experiments
-    Updated collider performance projections from C-AD

- Documents on web at www.bnl.gov/henp

**p-p operation:**
**Data collection goals from the RHIC Spin Plan,**
**And C-AD projections.**

**Mid-Term Strategic Plan**
**February 2006**

- Advice from PAC
- (B. Jacak, Chair)

## The RHIC Mid-Term Strategic Plan

**Phased implementation of key upgrades for PHENIX  and STAR, plus EBIS, over the next 5-6 years.**

**Annual data runs during this period will exploit these upgrades for critical advances in the Heavy Ion and Spin physics programs—**
** ****Along with continued improvements in machine performance.**
**The plan assumes an operations budget for RHIC at “constant effort” based on FY05, with incremental support to cover the additional power costs to allow a 30 week run each year.**

**With the help of funding and collaborative resources outside of DOE, this strategy is realized with a sequence of MIE detector projects totaling ~$35M over 6 years.**

**Two large detectors well equipped for RHIC II physics**

**R&D to realize RHIC II luminosity upgrade (e-cooling) along technically-driven schedule**

## Major Physics Measurements

**Required Upgrades**

**Spin:**
**     ****Complete initial ********G/G measurement  **
**	****No upgrades needed**
**     ****Transverse spin measurements   **
**	****Forward particle measurement**
**     ****W measurements at 500 GeV    **
**	****Forward tracking/triggering upgrades**

**Heavy Ion:**
**     ****e-pair mass spectrum  **
**	****“****Hadron Blind” Dalitz pair rejection**
**     ****Open charm measurements in AA**
**	****High Resolution vertex detection**
**     ****Charmonium Spectroscopy  **
**	****High luminosity; precision vertex, enhanced particle ID**
**     ****Jet Tomography**
**	****High luminosity; increased acceptance; enhanced particle ID**
**     ****Gluon shadowing; low-x in d-Au  **
**	****particle detection at forward rapidity**
**	**

*******DOE performance milestones set by NSAC**

**PM: 2010**

**PM: 2010**

**PM: 2012**

**PM: 2008**

**PM: 2013**

## PHENIX Upgrades

**PHENIX Upgrades**

**Hadron Blind**
**Detector**

**Si Vertex**
**Detector**

**Nose Cone**

## STAR Upgrades

**Full Barrel Time-of-Flight system**

**DAQ and TPC-FEE upgrade**

**Forward Meson Spectrometer**

**Integrated Tracking Upgrade**

**HFT pixel detector**

**Barrel silicon tracker **

**Forward silicon tracker**

***STAR Upgrades***

- TPC

**Magnet**

**Barrel EMC**
**End Cap EMC**

**Beam-Beam Counters**

**Forward ********o**** Det.**

**Photon Mult. Det.**

**FTPC’s**

**VPD’s**
**(TOF Start)**

**ZDC**

## Low Mass e+e- Pairs

**Main Problem: Combinatorial background**

**Engineering Run: Data taken in FY 06 spin run**

**electrons**

**hadrons**

- Operational in FY 07

**A Hadron Blind Detector for PHENIX**

## STAR DAQ 1000 Upgrade

_**STAR DAQ 1000 Upgrade**_

** ****High-rate, high-luminosity capability for STAR**
** ****Replace TPC readout with fully pipelined system, with >10x current data rate.**
** ****Utilizes CERN chip developments for ALICE/LHC**
** ****Development phase is complete**
**  ****Agreement to purchase chips is in final negotiotiations with CERN**
**  ****Partial implementation for FY 2008 run**

_**STAR MRPC Time of Flight Barrel:**_** ****Flavor tagging at large p****T****  **

**23,000 channels covering TPC & Barrel Calorimeter**

**DOE MIE Project**
**Construction begun December 2005**
**Operational for FY 2009 run**

## Precision Vertex Detectors: Direct Observation of Charm and Beauty

**STAR, Quark Matter’05**

**The observed suppression of non-photonic electrons is not understood.**

**Attempts to reproduce it have completely changed the approach to energy loss in light and heavy quarks**

- Highest possible suppression if bottom is appreciable
-  (M. Djordjevic)

**Central Question:**
**Relative yield of c and b**

**Resolving this is a crucial next step**

## Precision Vertex Detectors

**Direct Observation of Charm and Beauty**

**PHENIX VTX:**** **
**Use existing pixel and strip technology**
**Barrel–**** 4 layers, Si pixels and strips**
**DOE MIE Project, funded in FY 07 Pres. Budget**
**Operational for FY 09 run**

**End Caps--**** 4 layers Si mini-strips**
**MIE project proposed for FY 08 start**

**STAR Heavy Flavor Tracker:**
**2 layers CMOS Active Pixel sensors**

**Significant funding from Japan**

**Development project:**
**  ****10********m pixels**
**  ****50********m detector thickness**
**Requires a pointing detector**
**Install prototype in FY 2009**

## The STAR Silicon Vertex Tracker:  SVT + SSD

- 1/p

- TPC

- +SSD

- +SVT 1,2,3

**Pointing accuracy (cm.) vs. 1/p  ****[62 GeV Cu-Cu data]**

- 1/p

-   Designed to enhance sensitivity to strange particles in Au-Au collisions (not charm & beauty)
-   Its role was largely eclipsed by the surprisingly powerful TPC performance
-   Much work to understand calibration and alignment of the detector: _2005 Cu Cu run_
-  Demonstrates a silicon inner tracker operating with its design performance specifications in heavy ion collisions at RHIC.
-   Important experience, and confidence builder, for the proposed high-precision vertex detectors.
-   SVT will be replaced in STAR by the proposed  HFT.

## Low-x Physics: Color Glass; gluon density

**Forward Upgrades              .001 < x < 0.1 in Au-Au, d-Au**

**PHENIX: Nose Cone Calorimeter**

**STAR: Forward Meson Spectrometer**

**U.S., Japanese, Russian, Czech Collaborators**

**Existing Pb Glass**
**Operational for FY 07 Run**

**MIE project proposed for FY 2008 start**

## W Physics Upgrades

**W Physics Upgrades**

**STAR Forward Tracking Upgrade**

**Forward discs or barrel.**
**GEM or Si detectors**

**PHENIX Muon Trigger**

**Resistive Plate Chambers**

**Funded by NSF**
**Completion in FY 2009**

**Development underway:**
**Expect final design to be reviewed by BNL in calendar 2006.**

- Select and identify forward leptons from W decay

## RHIC Upgrades Overview

| Upgrades | High T QCD.... QGP | Spin | Low-x |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 
PHENIX | e+e-      heavy          jet                  quarkonia
            flavor        tomog. | W     ΔG/G |  |
| Hadron blind detector
Vertex Tracker
Muon Trigger
Forward cal. (NCC) | 
                                                      
                                                                  
                                                                                      | 
               

 | 


 |
| 
STAR |  |  |  |
| Time of Flight (TOF)
MicroVtx (HFT)
Forward Tracker
Forward Cal (FMS)
DAQ 1000 |                √                  √√                         √
               √√                                                √√
               √

               √                   √√                           √√ | 

√√             √
                  √
√               √ | 

√√
√ |
| 
RHIC Luminosity | 
√             √                   √√                          √√ | 
√                √ | 
√ |

**RHIC Upgrades Overview**

****** **** ****upgrade critical for success**
******  ****upgrade significantly enhances program**

**A. Drees 4/4/05**

## A timeline for physics operation, detector upgrades, machine evolution

| FY 2006 | FY 2007 | FY 2008 | FY 2009 | FY 2010 | FY 2011 | FY 2012 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

- High statistics Au Au; 500 GeV Spin Runs

- Short-term upgrades:
-       HBD, TOF, DAQ, FMS, Muon Trigger

- Mid-Term Upgrades:
-  Vtx detectors, NCC, forward tracking

- RHIC II Construction

- Machine and detector R&D; continued luminosity improvements; eRHIC development

**A timeline for physics operation, detector upgrades, machine evolution**

- LHC Heavy Ion Program

- Au-Au, d-Au, Ion scans
- pp 200 & pp 500 development

- EBIS

## Driving factors that lead to the proposed schedule

**Scientific Priorities and Productivity**
-   New discoveries point to specific measurements that call for improved capability.
-   Continued operation without these improvements reduces the scientific value and cost effectiveness of the program.
-   The complementary, and competing, opportunities at LHC for HI research provide a strong argument for timely advances in the RHIC program.

**Technical Readiness**
-  Proposed upgrades take advantage of new technology, and a productive R&D effort.

**Workforce Availability**
-   The RHIC user community is large, is international, and is extremely productive
-   Many are young and mid-career scientists who need to see a viable, long-term plan to pursue this attractive array of research opportunities

## The Scientific Workforce for RHIC

**Total no. of users ~1000.**
**How does this translate to FTEs working on STAR and PHENIX during the Mid-Term period?**
**  ****Completion of BRAHMS and PHOBOS**
**  ****Increasing commitments to LHC HI  expts.  (esp. in the U.S.)**
**  ****New groups joining STAR and PHENIX, with specific interest in upgrades**
**STAR, PHENIX, and Spin collaborations have polled their membership, to determine the level of effort from each individual.**
**For STAR, this is in the nature of a formal MOU with each institution.**
**Result:  **
**  ****Scientific commitment remains strong.**
**  ****PHENIX and STAR membership ~flat over next 5 years.**
**  ****At a detailed level, it is entirely sufficient to support the Mid-Term Plan.**

## Non-DOE Contributions to the upgrades

## Estimated DOE costs for upgrades

**Estimated DOE costs for upgrades**

**At-year dollars**

## RHIC Computing Facility

**Physical infrastructure is a serious, short-term issue.  It is being addressed by the Laboratory.**

*The five-year plan is based on the overall mid-term strategic plan.*

-   The concept of a scalable architecture for CPU, disk, and mass storage, with annual replacement of ~1/4 of the installed hardware has been successful to date.
-   Algorithms for estimating the required resources, based on volumes of raw data collected, have worked well for flexible planning and cost estimates based on multi-year beam use plans.  Efficiency of resource allocation across experiments has been improved.
-   So far, Moore’s law has worked very well for us.
-   Do not foresee a significant change in RCF architecture or labor costs through the mid-term period. Due to machine and detector upgrades, need for annual equipment replacement for RCF will increase from present level of $2M to $3M in 2011.
-   Both detector collaborations make use of non-RCF computing resources for data simulation, and some processing.

## Slide 29

## The Need for RHIC II Luminosity

- Many of the critical measurements require enhanced luminosity:
-  Powerful probes involve small cross sections
-   Key to exploring large areas of the QCD phase diagram with multiple runs, varying beam energy and species.
- Quantitative discussion in RHIC II Science Working Group Reports: www.bnl.gov/physics/rhicIIscience

- _Jet Tomography, with precision:_
-   Photon tagged jets:  direct measure of parton energy loss in medium
- STAR:  15,000  - jet at 15 GeV with RHIC II in one year’s run
-   3-particle correlations at high Pt – multidimensional tomography
-   Select gluon jets with J/ tag
-   Tagged heavy quark jets – energy loss dependence on parton mass

- _Charmonium and Bottomonium spectroscopy:_
-   Key to understanding color screening and deconfinement
-   Lattice calculations predict a hierarchy of dissociation temperatures for heavy –onium states
-   Need full spectroscopy to understand feed-down

- _Two examples:_

## From the RHIC II

- Science Workshops,
- Compiled by
- Tony Frawley

**NA50 Pb-Pb**

**~200K events**

## LHC HI in the RHIC II Era

- LHC HI will extend the range of initial temperatures to higher values, allowing studies over a wider range of initial conditions, and possibly revealing entirely new phenomena.

- With RHIC II and LHC we explore High Temperature matter with a complementary set of experiments...
-   Integrated luminosity per year is 36x larger at RHIC II than LHC for heavy ions.
-   RHIC has developed precisely calibrated probes through extended data runs with a variety of beams and energies.

-  Explore very different thermal environment in the two energy regimes, with a similar set of probes.

- Ln 1/x

## Summary

**The Mid-Term Strategic Plan is a roadmap for RHIC facility operations, R&D, and upgrades for the period 2006 – 2011**
** ****Leading to RHIC II**
** ****Setting the stage for eRHIC**

**It is a resource loaded plan.**

**The schedule is driven by:**
**  ****Scientific priorities and productivity**
**  ****Technical readiness**
**  ****A committed scientific workforce**

**The research addresses fundamental questions of broad significance:**
**  ****What are the phases of QCD matter?**
**  ****What is the wave function of the proton?**
**  ****What is the wave function of a heavy nucleus?**
**  ****What is the nature of non-equilibrium processes in a fundamental theory?**