# Presentation: 320203

##  The Reanalysis of Three Catastrophic Hurricanes that Impacted Florida During the 1920’s

- Steve Feuer, Chris Landsea, Jamese Sims,
- and Lenworth Woolcock
- NOAA/AOML/Hurricane Research Division
- Miami, Florida

- Acknowledgements: NOAA/OGP grant (GC02-093)

## OUTLINE 

-    • Background on the HURDAT reanalysis project
-    • Reanalysis of 1921 Atlantic basin hurricane season
-    • Examination of 3 major hurricanes to strike FL in the 1920’s:
- 	► *1921 Tampa Bay *
- 	► *1926 Great Miami*
- 	► *1928 Okeechobee (a.k.a. San Felipe**)*

- 13 January, 2001

## HURDAT REANALYSIS PROJECT

- Goal is to improve the quality of the National Hurricane Center’s (NHC) original North Atlantic best track and intensity database (HURDAT) from 1851 to the present.
- By employing  consistent analysis methods and modern interpretations, the project is helping to:
*correct several errors and biases*
*determine better landfall attributes*
*provide additional track and intensity data*
- for TCs in the database (Landsea et al. 2002).
- Previously unknown TCs are also identified after thorough inspection of historical meteorological records and accounts and are considered as candidate storms to be added to HURDAT.
- Recommended changes are submitted to the NHC Best Track Change Committee for approval.

- 13 January, 2001

## Applications of HURDAT

- aid in development and verification of operational forecasts and models
- document climate studies, such as long-term trends (e.g., global warming), multidecadal activity, seasonal forecasts, etc.
- set building code standards and insurance rates for coastal communities
- provide an understanding of TC variability

- 13 January, 2001

## Data Sources for the Reanalysis of the 1920’s

- PRIMARY
- marine and land station observations from the Historical       Weather Map series
- ship observations included in COADS
- individual surface station records (Original Monthly Records)
- archived ship reports and logs from NCDC
- articles and records published in *Monthly Weather Review*
- SUPPLEMENTARY
- books with historical retrospectives
- technical memoranda
- journalistic accounts

- 13 January, 2001

## Historical Weather Map Series

- 12 UTC
- 25 October 1921

- 13 January, 2001

## Using Ship

- Observations to
- Estimate the
- Hurricane’s
- Location

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## The Beaufort Scale

**Number**
-     0                 < 1                 Calm
-     1                 1-3                 Light air
-     2                 4-6                 Light breeze
-     3                 7-10   	  Gentle breeze
-     4                 11-16  	  Moderate breeze
-     5                 17-21   	  Fresh breeze
-     6                 22-27 	  Strong breeze
-     7                 28-33  	  Near gale
-     8      	 34-40  	  Gale
-     9     	 41-47  	  Strong gale
-   10      	 48-55  	  Storm
-   11      	 56-63  	  Violent storm
-   12     	 > 63   	  Hurricane

- 13 January, 2001

## The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Intensity Scale

**Category                  Wind Speed (knots)**
-      1                                 64-82
-      2                                 83-95
-      3                                 96-113
-      4                                 114-135
-      5                                 135+

- 13 January, 2001

## Atlantic Pressure-Wind Relationships

- 2) <25N   	Vmax(kt) = 12.016*(1013-p)**0.5337   	n =1033; r = 0.994
- 3) 25-35N  	Vmax(kt) = 14.172*(1013-p)**0.4778   	n = 922; r = 0.996
- 4) 35-45N  	Vmax(kt) = 16.086*(1013-p)**0.4333  	n = 492; r = 0.974
- 5) For Kraft   	Vmax(kt) = 14.000*(1013-p)**0.5000   	n = 13; r = ??

- P(MB)   GLFMEX     <25N      25-35N    35-45N    KRAFT      P(MB) P(IN)

- Estimating the Central Pressure:
- (Pr – Pc) / (Pe – Pc) = exp(-RMW/R)

-   960         100           100            94           90           102           960    28.35

- 13 January, 2001

## HURDAT Reanalysis Status

- http://**www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/data_sub/re_anal.html**

- 1911 through 1914 reanalysis submitted to NHC
- remainder of 1910’s, 1920’s and 1930’s currently being reanalyzed
- pre-reconnaissance era completed by summer 2005

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## 1921 HURRICANE SEASON (REVISED)

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## Slide 13

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## Slide 14

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## 1921 U.S. Landfalling Hurricanes

**1-6/22/1921   1800Z  28.6N  95.9W   80kt   1   17nmi  980mb  1011mb  215nmi  BTX1,CTX1**
**     ****7-10/25/1921  2000Z  27.9N  82.8W  110kt   3   18nmi  952mb  1009mb  375nmi  BFL3,AFL2,DFL1**

- 13 January, 2001

## 1921 TAMPA BAY HURRICANE

- formed as TD on 20 October in vicinity of persistent surface trough in the SW Caribbean
- intensified into a hurricane early on the 22nd as it tracked steadily NNW around the western periphery of a large anticyclone
- reached peak intensity of a Category 4 on the 23rd and then began to turn to the north as ridge over SE U.S. started to weaken
- turned to the NNE and then NE and weakened slightly to a high-end Category 3 storm before making landfall at Tarpon Springs during the afternoon on the 25th
- crossed central FL and moved offshore at Ponce de Leon Inlet early on the 26th as a substantially weaker Category 1 storm
- moved to the east then to the ENE during the next three days, weakened to a TS, and was absorbed by a large extratropical system on the 30th

- 13 January, 2001

## Impacts of 1921 Tampa Bay Hurricane

- worst hurricane to affect Tampa Bay region in 70 years
- damage mainly from high storm surge and both coastal and inland flooding
- storm tide of 3.2 m (10.5 ft.) reported in Tampa on the 25th, which was the highest since the flood of 1848
- Tampa U.S. Weather Bureau office reported over 215 mm (8.5 in.) nearly continuously from the 23rd-26th
- $3M losses from structural damage to residences, commercial buildings, ships, ports, marinas, piers, bridges, agricultural interests, citrus crops, and public infrastructure and property
- total number of fatalities is at least eight deaths
- hurricane likely to cause around $4B in damage today due to vastly increased population and development

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## 1921 

- Tampa Bay
- Hurricane

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## 1921 Tampa Bay 

- Hurricane

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## 1921 Tampa Bay 

- Hurricane

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## 1921 Tampa Bay 

- Hurricane

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## Raw Data (significant) for Tampa Bay Hurricane

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## Track and Surface Observations of the Tampa Bay Hurricane Near Landfall

- 13 January, 2001

## Revised “Best Track” Data (HURDAT) for Tampa Bay Hurricane

**22585 10/20/1921 M=11  7 SNBR= 510 NOT NAMED   XING=1 SSS=3**
**                       *******
**22590 10/20*123 801  35    0*131 804  35    0*137 806  35    0*143 809  40    0**
**22590 10/20*127 801  30    0*131 804  30    0*135 806  30    0*138 809  35    0**
**            *******      **               **      ***      **      ***      ****
**22595 10/21*148 812  45    0*153 815  50    0*158 818  50    0*162 821  55    0**
**22595 10/21*142 812  40    0*146 815  45    0*150 818  50    0*155 822  55    0**
**            *******      **      ***      **      ***              *** *** **
**22600 10/22*166 824  65    0*170 827  70    0*175 830  75    0*181 834  80    0**
**22600 10/22*160 826  65    0*165 830  70    0*170 835  75    0*176 840  80    0**
**            ******* ***          *** ***          *** ***          *** *****
**22605 10/23*187 838  85    0*194 843  90    0*202 848  95    0*210 854 100    0**
**22605 10/23*183 845  90    0*191 850 100    0*200 853 110    0*209 854 120  941**
**            ******* ***  **      *** *** ***      *** *** ***      ***     ***  *****
**22610 10/24*218 858 110    0*226 860 115    0*234 860 120    0*243 857 120    0**
**22610 10/24*218 855 120    0*228 855 120    0*238 855 120    0*247 852 120    0**
**                ******* ***      *** *** ***      *** ***          *** *** **
**22615 10/25*251 852 120    0*260 846 115    0*269 840 105    0*278 831  90  952**
**22615 10/25*256 848 120  943*264 844 115    0*271 839 115    0*277 831 110  952**
**            ******* ***      *** *** ***          *** *** ***      ***     ***  **

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## Slide 25

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## Metadata File for the Tampa Bay HurricaneTrack – Example of One Day

- Metadata File for the Tampa Bay Hurricane*Track – Example of One Day*

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## Metadata File for the Tampa Bay HurricaneIntensity – Example at Landfall

***“*****At landfall, the central pressure of 952 mb measured in Tarpon Springs between 1940 and 2040 UTC on the 25th suggests winds of 108 kt from the Gulf of Mexico pressure-wind relationship.  Ho et al. analyzed a landfall position at 27.9°N, 82.8°W also with a 952 mb central pressure and a radius of maximum winds (RMW) of 33 km.  This RMW value is close to average for the nominal latitude and central pressure (Vickery et al. 2000).  ****Thus 110 kt was assigned for the landfall intensity, making it a high-end Category 3 hurricane.  This is in agreement with the HURDAT and Jarrell et al.****  The highest observed wind at Tampa was 59 kt at 1918 UTC, which converts to 49 kt after adjustment.”**

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## Slide 28

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## Slide 29

- 13 January, 2001

## Landfall of 2004 Hurricane Charley

- (Map courtesy of National Weather Service Tampa Bay Forecast Office)

- 13 January, 2001

## 1921 HURRICANE
Category 3 storm at landfall
Landfall at Tarpon Springs at 1940 UTC
Minimum central pressure of 952 mb measured by barometer of Dr. A. P. Albaugh (Bowie 1921)
Estimated maximum sustained winds of 110 kt using Gulf pressure-wind relationship
Estimated RMW of ~18 nmi
Moving 40o at 9 kt
Underwent rapid intensification 66-72 h prior to landfall; stayed at Cat. 4 intensity for nearly two days before weakening to a strong Cat. 3 at landfall
Storm tides of up to 10.5’ at Tampa and extensive coastal flooding/storm surge and rainfall throughout Tampa Bay region and the entire Southwest Coast of Florida (Bowie 1921)

- Category 3 storm at landfall
- Landfall at Tarpon Springs at 1940 UTC
- Minimum central pressure of 952 mb measured by barometer of Dr. A. P. Albaugh (Bowie 1921)
- Estimated maximum sustained winds of 110 kt using Gulf pressure-wind relationship
- Estimated RMW of ~18 nmi
- Moving 40o at 9 kt
- Underwent rapid intensification 66-72 h prior to landfall; stayed at Cat. 4 intensity for nearly two days before weakening to a strong Cat. 3 at landfall
- Storm tides of up to 10.5’ at Tampa and extensive coastal flooding/storm surge and rainfall throughout Tampa Bay region and the entire Southwest Coast of Florida (Bowie 1921)

_**CHARLEY**_
- Category 4 storm at landfall
- Landfall in Charlotte Harbor at 2035 UTC
- Minimum central pressure of 941 mb measure by dropsonde from AFRES WC-130 aircraft
- Estimated maximum sustained winds of 125 kt using reduction algorithm of flight-level winds
- Estimated RWM of ≤ 5 nmi
- Moving 15o at 19 kt
- Cat. 2 intensity prior to passage over Cuba about 24 h prior to landfall; did not experience rapid intensification to Cat. 4 until < 6 h prior to landfall
- Storm tides of 7’ in Charlotte County and 8’ in Lee County—area impacted by storm surge is small and rainfall was only 3-5”, confined to a radius of 20 nmi from the center (NWS TBW)

- 1921 Tampa Bay Hurricane vs. 2004 Charley

- 13 January, 2001

## North (Upper) Captiva Island

- 13 January, 2001

## 11 storms in original HURDAT; 9 recommended to be retained after reanalysis
5 landfalling storms
Storm 1:  Cat 2 - Florida, Cat 1 - Puerto Rico
Storm 3:  Cat 3 - Louisiana
Storm 6:  Cat 4 - Florida (SE), Cat 3 - Florida (SW)
                   Cat 3 - Florida (NW), Cat 3 - Alabama,
                   Cat 1 - Mississippi (new)
Storm 7:  Tropical Storm -  Cuba
Storm 10:  Cat 4 - Cuba,
                     Cat 3 - Bermuda
5 storms occurred during September 

- 5 landfalling storms
- Storm 1:  Cat 2 - Florida, Cat 1 - Puerto Rico
- Storm 3:  Cat 3 - Louisiana
- Storm 6:  Cat 4 - Florida (SE), Cat 3 - Florida (SW)
-                    Cat 3 - Florida (NW), Cat 3 - Alabama,
-                    Cat 1 - Mississippi (*new*)
- Storm 7:  Tropical Storm -  Cuba
- Storm 10:  Cat 4 - Cuba,
-                      Cat 3 - Bermuda
- 5 storms occurred during September

- 1926 HURRICANE SEASON

- 13 January, 2001

## Slide 34

- 13 January, 2001

## Slide 35

- 13 January, 2001

## formed as TD in tropical Central Atlantic during the afternoon of 11 September from an easterly wave
intensified into a hurricane during the afternoon on the 14th as it meandered on a WNW - NW track
passed north of Puerto Rico and became a major hurricane by 00 UTC on the 16th, intensifying into a Category 4 storm later during the day and reaching a peak intensity of 125 kt by the evening
maintained same intensity for the next 36 h as it moved WNW over the Turks Islands and the Bahamas--center passed nearly over Grand Turk and very close to Nassau (Mitchell 1926)
made landfall in Miami just after 11 UTC on the 18th, in which the wind center appeared to cross just south of downtown--minimum central pressure of 933 mb was recorded
crossed the Everglades and exited into the Gulf of Mexico as a Category 2 storm at 2030 UTC at Punta Rassa, which recorded a minimum central pressure of 950 mb
turned to the NW and quickly re-strengthened back into a Category 3 storm by 00 UTC on the 19th
reached second peak intensity of 110 kt 24 h later and maintained this intensity before hooking left, decelerating, and making a second U.S. landfall at Perdido Beach, AL near FL/AL border at 2030 UTC on the 20th
tracked west right along the Gulf coast, decreasing in intensity but still maintaining hurricane strength through 15 UTC on the 21st when it finally went inland for good at Bay St. Louis, MS
weakened to a TS and then a depression over southern LA and finally dissipated near the LA/TX border by the morning of the 22nd

- intensified into a hurricane during the afternoon on the 14th as it meandered on a WNW - NW track
- passed north of Puerto Rico and became a major hurricane by 00 UTC on the 16th, intensifying into a Category 4 storm later during the day and reaching a peak intensity of 125 kt by the evening
- maintained same intensity for the next 36 h as it moved WNW over the Turks Islands and the Bahamas--center passed nearly over Grand Turk and very close to Nassau (Mitchell 1926)
- made landfall in Miami just after 11 UTC on the 18th, in which the wind center appeared to cross just south of downtown--minimum central pressure of 933 mb was recorded
- crossed the Everglades and exited into the Gulf of Mexico as a Category 2 storm at 2030 UTC at Punta Rassa, which recorded a minimum central pressure of 950 mb
- turned to the NW and quickly re-strengthened back into a Category 3 storm by 00 UTC on the 19th
- reached second peak intensity of 110 kt 24 h later and maintained this intensity before hooking left, decelerating, and making a second U.S. landfall at Perdido Beach, AL near FL/AL border at 2030 UTC on the 20th
- tracked west right along the Gulf coast, decreasing in intensity but still maintaining hurricane strength through 15 UTC on the 21st when it finally went inland for good at Bay St. Louis, MS
- weakened to a TS and then a depression over southern LA and finally dissipated near the LA/TX border by the morning of the 22nd

- 1926 GREAT MIAMI HURRICANE

- 13 January, 2001

## total number of fatalities was at least 262 in Miami and the surrounding area and an estimated 6,381 people were injured
storm greatly affected other parts of the state, particularly the Panhandle, including an estimated 18,000 families
$80-100 M losses resulted from wind, rain, and storm surge damage
storm surge was measured at 11.7’ above mean low water along Biscayne Blvd. and estimated as high as 14-15’ in Coconut Grove—also high further up East Coast and along Gulf Coast

- storm greatly affected other parts of the state, particularly the Panhandle, including an estimated 18,000 families
- $80-100 M losses resulted from wind, rain, and storm surge damage
- storm surge was measured at 11.7’ above mean low water along Biscayne Blvd. and estimated as high as 14-15’ in Coconut Grove—also high further up East Coast and along Gulf Coast

- Impacts of 1926 Great Miami Hurricane

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## 1926 Great Miami Hurricane

- 13 January, 2001

## Revised HURDAT for Great Miami Hurricane

**23985 09/11*  0   0   0    0*  0   0   0    0*150 485  30    0*152 495  30    0**
**23990 09/12*154 505  30    0*157 515  30    0*160 525  35    0*163 534  35    0**
**23995 09/13*166 542  40    0*169 551  40    0*172 560  45    0*174 571  45    0**
**24000 09/14*176 584  50    0*179 598  55    0*182 611  60    0*186 621  65    0**
**24005 09/15*191 629  70    0*197 636  75    0*202 642  85    0*205 650  90    0**
**24010 09/16*207 660  95    0*209 670 100    0*210 680 110    0*213 693 120    0**
**24015 09/17*217 710 125    0*221 727 125    0*225 743 125    0*232 758 125    0**
**24020 09/18*242 773 125    0*251 788 125    0*257 803 125  933*262 816  90  950**
**24025 09/19*268 825 100    0*273 833 105    0*278 841 105    0*284 848 105    0**
**24030 09/20*290 855 110    0*296 862 110    0*301 868 110    0*303 873 110    0**
**24035 09/21*303 877  95  955*303 881  80    0*303 886  70  983*304 894  60    0**
**24040 09/22*305 905  35    0*306 917  25    0*307 929  20    0*  0   0   0    0**
**24045 HRCFL4BFL3AFL3 AL3 MS1**

- 13 January, 2001

## Slide 40

- 13 January, 2001

## quickly formed as a TD and then became a TS shortly after emerging as an easterly wave off of Africa on 6 October
tracked just south of due west to the south of the Cape Verde Islands and then mostly west at a steady pace over the next few days
reached hurricane strength during the afternoon of the 10th in the tropical Central Atlantic based on observations of three ships
became a major hurricane by 00 UTC on the 12th and intensified to Category 4 status in the afternoon before passing over Guadeloupe
continued to intensify as it moved WNW near the Virgin Islands and made landfall as a Category 5 storm at 1830 UTC on the 13th
moved over the island the next 7 h with very heavy rainfall and exited back into the Atlantic as a 120 kt Category 3 storm early on the 14th
tracked NW over Bahamas and made landfall at West Palm Beach at 00 UTC on the 17th as a strong Category 4 storm
moved over Lake Okeechobee and then recurved east of Tampa, weakening to Category 1 storm
moved NNE just west of Jacksonville and then back over the Atlantic on morning of the 18th, passing east of Savannah, reintensifying slightly but still at Category 1 strength
made second U.S. landfall over Charleston around 12 UTC on the 18th and tracked inland near the coast, weakening to a tropical storm around Myrtle Beach in the evening
turned north and then NNW and continued up into VA, MD, and PA, where it became extratropical on the 20th

- tracked just south of due west to the south of the Cape Verde Islands and then mostly west at a steady pace over the next few days
- reached hurricane strength during the afternoon of the 10th in the tropical Central Atlantic based on observations of three ships
- became a major hurricane by 00 UTC on the 12th and intensified to Category 4 status in the afternoon before passing over Guadeloupe
- continued to intensify as it moved WNW near the Virgin Islands and made landfall as a Category 5 storm at 1830 UTC on the 13th
- moved over the island the next 7 h with very heavy rainfall and exited back into the Atlantic as a 120 kt Category 3 storm early on the 14th
- tracked NW over Bahamas and made landfall at West Palm Beach at 00 UTC on the 17th as a strong Category 4 storm
- moved over Lake Okeechobee and then recurved east of Tampa, weakening to Category 1 storm
- moved NNE just west of Jacksonville and then back over the Atlantic on morning of the 18th, passing east of Savannah, reintensifying slightly but still at Category 1 strength
- made second U.S. landfall over Charleston around 12 UTC on the 18th and tracked inland near the coast, weakening to a tropical storm around Myrtle Beach in the evening
- turned north and then NNW and continued up into VA, MD, and PA, where it became extratropical on the 20th

- 1928 OKEECHOBEE HURRICANE

- 13 January, 2001

## 300 fatalities
$50 M in damages (several billion today)
over 25” rainfall in some areas of the island
12 h of hurricane force winds were observed in San Juan
936 mb recorded in Guayama (might not be central pressure)
139 kt 1-min winds observed at San Juan (with new 3 cup anemometer but was 25 nmi from center – may not be 10 m wind and may have had poor exposure)
originally listed in HURDAT as Category 5 (140 kt) – may need to be downgraded

**300 fatalities**
**$50 M in damages (several billion today)**
**over 25” rainfall in some areas of the island**
**12 h of hurricane force winds were observed in San Juan**
**936 mb recorded in Guayama (might not be central pressure)**
**139 kt 1-min winds observed at San Juan (with new 3 cup anemometer but was 25 nmi from center – may not be 10 m wind and may have had poor exposure)**
**originally listed in HURDAT as Category 5 (140 kt) – may need to be downgraded**

- 13 January, 2001

## 1836 fatalities officially (2500 estimate suggested by Rusty Pfost [BAMS 2003] based upon new books by Eliot Kleinberg [Black Cloud] and Robert Mykle [Killer ‘Cane])
$25 M in damages ($15-20 billion today)
hurricane warnings issued at 1530 UTC on the 16th even though  pressure at West Palm Beach was already 997 mb
first gale observed at Miami at 19 UTC  on the 16th (WPB ~1-2 hr earlier)
Landfall at West Palm Beach at 00 UTC on the 17th with 929 mb pressure
storm tide 10’ north of Palm Beach
lake surge of 10-15’ from Lake Okeechobee
originally listed in HURDAT as Category 4 (130 kt)

**1836 fatalities officially (2500 estimate suggested by Rusty Pfost [*****BAMS***** 2003] based upon new books by Eliot Kleinberg [*****Black Cloud*****] and Robert Mykle [*****Killer ‘Cane*****])**
**$25 M in damages ($15-20 billion today)**
**hurricane warnings issued at 1530 UTC on the 16th even though  pressure at West Palm Beach was already 997 mb**
**first gale observed at Miami at 19 UTC  on the 16th (WPB ~1-2 hr earlier)**
**Landfall at West Palm Beach at 00 UTC on the 17th with 929 mb pressure**
**storm tide 10’ north of Palm Beach**
**lake surge of 10-15’ from Lake Okeechobee**
**originally listed in HURDAT as Category 4 (130 kt)**

- 13 January, 2001

## 1928 Okeechobee Hurricane

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## 1928 Okeechobee Hurricane

- 13 January, 2001

## Revised HURDAT for Okeechobee Hurricane

**24780 09/06*142 170  30    0*141 185  30    0*140 200  35    0*138 216  35    0**
**24785 09/07*137 232  40    0*136 248  45    0*135 265  50    0*135 282  50    0**
**24790 09/08*135 300  50    0*136 317  50    0*137 335  50    0*138 352  50    0**
**24795 09/09*139 370  50    0*140 387  50    0*142 405  50    0*143 422  55    0**
**24800 09/10*144 440  55    0*145 457  60    0*147 475  60    0*149 492  65    0**
**24805 09/11*152 509  70    0*155 526  75    0*158 542  80    0*159 558  85    0**
**24810 09/12*159 573  95    0*159 588 100    0*160 603 110    0*162 615 120  940**
**24815 09/13*165 626 130    0*170 636 135    0*175 648 140  931*180 660 140    0**
**24820 09/14*185 670 120  941*189 680 120    0*193 691 120    0*199 700 120    0**
**24825 09/15*207 708 120    0*215 717 120    0*222 727 120    0*229 738 120  941**
**24830 09/16*237 750 120    0*245 763 120    0*253 776 125    0*260 788 125    0**
**24835 09/17*267 800 125  929*272 811 100    0*278 820  85    0*286 822  75    0**
**24840 09/18*295 821  70    0*307 815  70  979*320 808  80    0*330 800  70    0**
**24845 09/19*338 792  65    0*348 783  60    0*358 775  60    0*368 773  50    0**
**24850 09/20E380 775  40    0E397 780  35    0E415 790  30 1008E435 792  30    0**
**24850 09/21E455 790  25 1002*  0   0   0    0*  0   0   0    0*  0   0   0    0**
**24855 HRCFL4BFL3AFL1DFL1 GA1 SC1**

- 13 January, 2001

## Slide 47

- 13 January, 2001

## SUMMARY

| Storm | Dates | Original Peak Intensity | Revised Peak Intensity | Track
Revisions | Intensity Revisions | Genesis/Decay | U.S. Impact |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Tampa Bay | 20-30 Oct. 1921 | 120 kt
Cat. 4 | 120 kt
Cat. 4 | Minor | Major | ET delayed 2 days | FL 
(3 regions) |
| Great Miami | 11-22 Sept. 1926 | 130 kt
Cat. 4 | 130 kt
Cat. 4 | Major | Major | No Changes | FL 
(3regions), AL, MS |
| Okee-chobee/
San Felipe | 6-21 Sept. 1928 | 140 kt
Cat. 5 | 140 kt
Cat. 5 | Minor | Major | Genesis 
12 h earlier;
Decay 6 h later; 
ET 6 h earlier  | FL 
(4 regions), GA, SC |

- 13 January, 2001