# Presentation: 378436

## AN AIRPORT SAFETY PROGRAM

- PRESENTED
- BY
- THE AIRPORT SAFETY AND CERTIFICATION BRANCH
- AAS-310
- ELIZABETH MATARESE , ACSS/I
- and CFII

## Slide 2

## ADMINISTRATOR’S DAILY ALERT BULLETIN 

**TUG CROSSED TAXIWAY C WITHOUT AUTHORIZATION, CONFLICTING WITH FLT 9864, DC-9 KALAMAZOO, MI 061818E.  VEHICLE APPEARED TO HAVE PASSED UNDER THE LEFT WING OF DC-9 CLOSEST PROXIMITY 0 FEET VERTICAL**
**AIRPORT TRUCK CROSSED RW22 AT TWY TANGO WHEN B727 WAS CLEARED TO CROSS AT TWY HOTEL,  MINNEAPOLIS, MN.  NO LOSS OF SEPARATION REPORTED.**

## ALERT BULLETIN.....CONTINUED

**A GOLD FORD ESCORT ENTERED RWY 13 AT TWY CHARLIE WITHOUT AUTHORIZATION, FT. LAUDERDALE.  CESSNA 172 LANDING CLEARANCE CANCELLED TO PREVENT LOSS OF SEPARATION**

## ALERT BULLETIN.....CONTINUED

**BEECH BONANZA B35 TAXIED TO RWY 1 VIA TWY ALPHA AND DEPARTED WITHOUT AUTHORIZATION, ROCKFORD, IL 261448C**

## ALERT BULLETIN.....CONTINUED

**CESSNA 170 LANDED RUNWAY WITHOUT RADIO COMMUNICATION, VINEYARD HAVEN, MA 301220E ACFT TAXIED ACROSS ACTIVE RWY 24 AND SEVERAL TWYS INTO PARKING.**

## ALERT BULLETIN.....CONTINUED

**C182 FAILED TO FOLLOW ATC INSTRUCTIONS AND TAXIED ONTO RWY 22L WITHOUT CLEARANCE, MESA, AZ 311118P.**
**C310 FAILED TO FOLLOW ATC INSTRUCTIONS AND CROSSED RWY 16L WITHOUT AUTHORIZATION, RENO/TAHOE, NV 31122P**

## ALERT BULLETIN.....CONTINUED

**C150 FAILED TO FOLLOW ATC INSTRUCTIONS AND ENTERED RWY 05, YOUNGSTOWN, OH 011107**
**C150 TAXIED ONTO RWY 7R WITHOUT CLEARANCE CONFLICTING WITH PIPER AZTEC ON TAKEOFF.  COLLISION AVOIDED.**

## ALERT BULLETIN.....CONTINUED

**PIPER PA23 CROSSED RWY 2L AT TWY BRAVO, CONFLICTING WITH CESSNA 152 DEPARTING PEACHTREE DeKALB, GA.  CLOSEST PROXIMITY 100-400 FT.**
**AIR CHINA B747 AFTER LANDING TURNED RIGHT ON TWY T10 INSTEAD OF LEFT AS CLEARED, CROSSING RWY 14R, CONFLICTING WITH KOREAN AIR 747 ON DEP ROLL, ORD 01022C  CLOSEST PROXIMITY 25-50 FEET**

## ALERT BULLETIN.....CONTINUED

**AND YESTERDAY****.....**
**    ****FLIGHT 1714, A DC-9, INSTRUCTED TO HOLD SHORT RWY 5R AT BRAVO 2 TWY, CROSSED WITHOUT CLEARANCE CONFLICTING WITH PIPER PA28, KNOXVILLE, TN 091542E.  CLOSEST PROXIMITY 0 FEET VERTICAL, 2K FEET HORIZONTAL.**

## ALERT BULLETIN.....CONTINUED

- and just today.....
-    a Fokker 100 crossed assigned runway and encroached on runway environment to landing traffic, Richmond, VA 101545E.  Traffic on short final was issued go-around instructions.

## Types of Incursions

**Types** **of Incursions**

- pilot deviation
- controller error
**The largest percentage of runway incursions are attributable to pilot error**

- vehicle and
- pedestrian deviations
**This can happen to you if you drive a vehicle on the airport.....to get to your hangar, to get to a business on the field**

## Breaking The Chain Of Runway Incursions

- _

**Breaking The Chain Of Runway Incursions**

** **

## Breaking The Chain Of Runway Incursions

- _

- 36

**Breaking The Chain Of Runway Incursions**

**OH  S.....!**

**YIKES!!!!**

***Pizza Delivery***

- Cessna 340 X-RAY, GO AROUND!
- (aside) Hey, Joe, CLOSE!  I guess
- we don’t do lunch! Call the ACSI!

## What is a Runway Incursion?

**Any occurrence at an airport involving: **
**an aircraft,**
**vehicle, **
**person, **
**or object **_***on the ground***__** **__***that creates a collision hazard or results in loss of separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing, or intending to land.***_

## Who is immune to Runway Incursions? 

**FAR 139 Airport**
**TOWERED**
**NON-TOWERED**
**General Aviation Airports**
**TOWERED**
**NON-TOWERED**

- NOBODY!

-   and that means YOU!

## Runway Incursions are a multifaceted problem.  The 

**entire aviation**** ****community**** **
**has to resolve to solve it.**

## So!  What can we do to stop incursions?

***   ******  ******IF ***
***“******the best defense is a good offense....,” ***
***   ******THEN******   ******we must stop the chain of events. ***

## HOW?  IF YOU ARE A PILOT:

**familiarize yourself with the airport diagram**
***before***** leaving the ramp**
***for both the airport or origin and the destination airport***
**at towered airports**
**learn standard signs and markings**
**use standard pilot/controller terminology**
**ask for “progressive” taxi assistance if necessary**

## pilots..................continued.

- at non-towered airports
- use the radio to make your position and intentions known
- use the radio to listen to other traffic
*clear* yourself visually prior to departing the ramp, along the taxi route, and prior to entering the active runway.  This also applies to procedures after landing: clear of the active runway, cross other runways and taxiways only after assuring that they are not being used by other aircraft.

## GOOD SENSES

***THE EYES HAVE IT!***
***THE EARS HAVE IT!***
***THE BRAIN PROCESSES THESE INPUTS***
***THE RESULT IS DECISION MAKING.***
***WHAT KIND OF DECISION MAKER***
***ARE ***
***YOU?***

## SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

***Situational awareness ***** is a skill necessary to both ground and in-flight operations.  **
**Knowing where you are and where other traffic is  operating is key to *****your***** safety.**
**Knowing where you *****will be***** and where other traffic *****will be***** is critical to good situational awareness.**
***Listening***** and *****looking: the Good Senses.***

## AIRPORT MARKING

**YELLOW  MARKING ****(LIKE THIS)**
**IS USED ON TAXIWAYS.**
**WHITE MARKING ****(LIKE THIS) ****IS USED ON RUNWAYS.**

## THESE ARE HOLD LINES......

- THESE ARE HOLD LINES......

- YOU CAN CROSS A BROKEN LINE...BUT

## NOT A SOLID LINE WITHOUT EITHER BEING CLEARED AT A TOWERED AIRPORT OR CLEARING YOURSELF AT A NON-TOWERED AIRPORT........

## SO....WHOSE SIDE ARE YOU  ON?

- RUNWAY

- TAXIWAY

## 27

- taxiway

- Visual Runway

- ramp

-  9

- 9

## 9

- ramp

- taxiway

- runway

- A

- 8

- ILS

- <- A  B ->

- TOUCHDOWN ZONE

- AIMING POINT

## IF YOU ARE OPERATING A VEHICLE ON THE AIRPORT

**AT  A  TOWERED AIRPORT,  YOU MUST FOLLOW THE RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THAT AIRPORT *****AND THE DIRECTIVES ISSUED BY THE ATCT***
- ACCESS
- SAFETY
- SECURITY
- CLEARANCES FROM ATCT

## VEHICLE OPERATION ...........CONTINUED

** ****AT A NON-TOWERED AIRPORT, YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE AIRPORT *****AND FOR CLEARING YOURSELF ACROSS TAXIWAYS AND RUNWAYS***
**ACCESS**
**SAFETY**
**SECURITY**
**AVOIDANCE OF COLLISION HAZARDS**

## NIGHT OPERATIONS  AND

## LOW VISIBILITY

**IFR OPERATIONS**
- HAZE
- GLARE
**SUMMER SUN**
**WINTER ICE**
**RAIN**

## AIRPORT LIGHTS

- RUNWAY LIGHTS ARE WHITE
- TAXIWAY LIGHTS ARE BLUE
- THRESHOLD LIGHTS ARE SPLIT LENSES:  GREEN ON THE APPROACH TO A RUNWAY,  RED AT THE END OF A RUNWAY

## SIGNS ARE ILLUMINATED

- THE COLORS YOU SEE IN DAYLIGHT ARE THE ONES YOU SEE LIGHTED AT NIGHT.

- Retroreflective signs can be used at general aviation airports.  These are cost-saving signs and use the same color scheme.

## Night Operations are demanding and challenging

- Marking with retroreflective beads has proved to be helpful
- Shielding of lights on ramps and parking areas reduces the potential for mistakes
- Pilot attention and avoidance of distractions are  essential
- Taxiing on the centerline avoids trouble.

## Runway Incursion Statistics

- Incursions are up by 38 percent this year.
- The Administrator has identified incursions as one of the top safety priorities that all FAA personnel must address.
- Runway incursions are an indicator of the health of pilot knowledge about airport operations.

## THE FUTURE AIRPORT ENVIRONMENT

- LAHSO
- SMGCS
- As the number of risk factors increases, the probability of an event is greater.
- Mishaps can be avoided, but vigilance, careful preparation, courtesy, and common sense must prevail.

## QUESTIONS?

- PLEASE TAKE THE HANDOUTS
- COURTESY OF AAS-310