# Presentation: 605503

## MARINE TECHNICAL ISSUES

- USCG Marine Safety Center
- Lieutenant Commander Sean Brady

- NASBLA Training
- October 4, 2006

**Notes:**
Introduce  you to some of the stds and methods we use to regulate commercial vessels

CG Mandated by congress to conduct this mission and therefore has extensive resources to carry out this mission

Recognizing that most states don’t have the extent of resources or the need for them that the CG does, we will attempt to focus on the vessels you’re most concerned with- SPVs

Next hour, I’ll use the first half to present the Coast Guard’s business model and some specific topics relating to SPVs, and then hope to go into areas of concern for you.

## Overview

*** ***

**MARINE**
**SAFETY**
**CENTER**

*Overview*

- Marine Safety Center (MSC)
- What We Do
- Why we do Plan Review
- How We Do It
- Small Passenger Vessel Issues
- Structures
- Machinery
- Electrical
- Stability

**Notes:**
Tell me about your program
	Dedicated staff of people to conduct Commercial vessel Plan Review and Inspections
	Comprehensive Regulations pertaining to Commercial vessels
	Designated Plan Review Offices

First Half:	Who we are: MSC/USCG Business model
		Design Standards
		How they are applied
		Finally, How they relate to the vessels you’re concerned with.

## MSC: What We Do

*** ***

**MARINE**
**SAFETY**
**CENTER**

*MSC: What We Do*

- Coast Guard Business Model
- HQ, Central Review, Local Office
- Types of Vessels
- Types of Plan Review
- Scope Of Review

**Notes:**
CG has a central governing body which establishes standards and how they are to be applied across US (HQ- Teeth)
There are central bodies which review plans and policies to ensure consistency and provide expertise (MSC, area...)
Local Offices enforce the policy, conduct annual inspections, and establish local requirements
Inspectors in the field need to determine standards for the vessel and how to apply to these plans in 46 CFR Subchapter:
	H: Pax > 100GT
	K: Pax < 100GT, >150pax
	T: Pax < 100GT, <150pax
	U: Research Vsl
	R: School Vsl
	C: Uninspected Vsl
	I: Cargo Vessel
Review types: structures, GA, Escape, Machinery, propulsion, electrical, Fire Protection
Scope: Small Boats have little, Big Boats have a lot, Barges, tugs, tankers have different criteria.  Much of the review on SPVs can be done on-site

## MSC: Why We Do It

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**MARINE**
**SAFETY**
**CENTER**

*MSC: Why We Do It*

**Notes:**
Capsize
Steering/Propulsion Failure
Structural Failure
Fire
We attempt to mitigate risk through application of design standards for construction and maintenance.  No boat is sailor-proof. 

## MSC: How We Do It

*** ***

**MARINE**
**SAFETY**
**CENTER**

*MSC: How We Do It*

- Establish Standards
- Federal Law: USC
- Federal Regulations: CFR
- Federal Policy: MSM, NVIC, MTN, HQ Policy
- Local (Federal) Policy
- Plan Review
- MSC, OCMI, 3rd Party
- Conduct Inspections
- On Site
- Local Factors

**Notes:**
At the MSC, we review plans to ensure commercial vessels are designed to an appropriate standard.
	we have 50 SE’s (Nav Archs, ME, EE, Chem: Graduate degrees, PEs, 30+ yrs) 12K+ plans/yr
Even with this expertise, there are other organizations which specialize further: ASME, ABS, NFPA which we incorporate by reference
Vocab:
There are OTHER competent AND licensed professionals out there THAT DO PLAN REVIEW :
	IN SOME INSTANCES, We use these professional qualifications to delegate our authority of review AND, IN SOME CASES, INSPECTIONS.
		Class (ABS, DNV, Lloyds)
		PE
		Surveyor: NAMS
Oversight procedure: Risk Based
	T-Boats: Risk vs Equivalency
	proven designs

## MSC: How We Do It

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**MARINE**
**SAFETY**
**CENTER**

*MSC: How We Do It*

**Notes:**
CG reviews plans and stamps “Approved”
OCMI identifies additional requirements and verifies vessel was built to approved design
During Annual Inspections, MI confirms vessel is still in compliance

Examples of typical Mods: 
	Canopy
	Appliances
	Seating
	Access Doors
	Electrical Systems
	Machinery Swaps 

What the CG does when they find a non-conformity

## SPV Issues: Structures

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**MARINE**
**SAFETY**
**CENTER**

*SPV Issues: Structures*

-  Design Standards
-  Through Hulls
-  Hull Structure
-  Superstructure
-  Hull Modifications
-  Maintenance

**Notes:**
We’re done looking at the inner workings of the CG’s oversight process, we’ll get into specifics which are more likely to pertain to the vessels you’re concerned with.
Many regs come from casualties: these regs attempt to reduce the probability of the casualty occurring or mitigate the impact if they do occur.

2” hole 2ft below WL = 50GPM
Bilge pumps for condesation
Dropping a shaft, forgetting a drain plug or puncturing the hull can easily sink a boat in a hurry.
	Steel, FRP, Wood
	ABS, ABYC, proven design

## SPV Issues: Mechanical

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**MARINE**
**SAFETY**
**CENTER**

*SPV Issues: Mechanical*

-  Design Standards
-  Propulsion/Shafting
-  Steering
-  Pumps
-  Piping
-  Fixed Fire Fighting
-  Equipment Changes
-  Maintenance

**Notes:**
Raw water supply = 2” (sound familiar?)
MI can conduct on-scene
Adrift-ground
Steering- collision
Fire- pumps
ASTM, ASME, SAE

## SPV Issues: Electrical

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**MARINE**
**SAFETY**
**CENTER**

*SPV Issues: Electrical*

-  Design Standards
-  One Line
-  Equipment List
-  Load Analysis
-  Added Loads
-  Maintenance

**Notes:**
Many SPVs like CAR: DC one line
1st thing you do, add stuff: Radar, radio, heaters
	overloading is a common cause of fires
Material stds
ABYC, IEEE, Navy

## SPV Issues: Stability

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**MARINE**
**SAFETY**
**CENTER**

*SPV Issues: Stability*

-  Design Standards
-  46 CFR Sub S
-  SST
-  Operational Test
-  Added Wt
-  Pax
-  Vsl
-  Wt Accountability
-  Maintenance
-  Confirm Daily/Ann’l

**5**
**4**
**3**

**Notes:**
Most overlooked hazard.
Boats get fat, 1st thing after getting a radio= add gear
Not a Nav Arch class: Upright is temporarily stable (range of stability)
“Top Heavy = bad”
3 standards...Wind, Pax, Righting Energy
What to look for:
	Existing Stability Letter / Approval (Date)
	Increased Displacement
	Added hull / Sail Area
	Added Gear
	Weight Accountability
MI: Draft Marks / freeboard

## SPV Issues: Stability

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**MARINE**
**SAFETY**
**CENTER**

*SPV Issues: Stability*

- Simplified Stability Test Example: Wind & Passenger Heel

- BEFORE

- AFTER

**Notes:**
Unlike Sub S (Nav Arch calcs) SST & PSST physically test the initial angles of heel (usually 5-10 deg) to predict the overall effects on passenger crowding and wind heel. 
Something anyone can do.
CFRs & Policy letter (CG-4006)

We’ve looked at common failure modes, stds used to regulate these vessels, & the CG’s business model we use to apply these stds.

## Questions?

**MARINE**
**SAFETY**
**CENTER**

**Notes:**
I’d like to open it up for questions or any topics that you would like to discuss further

Keeping in mid that LT Guild will discuss inspections in detail.