# Presentation: 794856

## Domestic RegulationsandInternational Study

**IGARSS 2006**
**Spectrum Management Seminar**
- July 30, 2006
- Thomas vonDeak
- NASA HQ Spectrum Management Office
- _[Thomas.vonDeak@nasa.gov](mailto:Thomas.vonDeak@nasa.gov)_

- Module 8

- July 30, 2006

## US Statutory Language on New Technology

- 47 USC 157. **New technologies and services **
- (a) It shall be the policy of the United States to encourage the provision of new technologies and services to the public. Any person or party (other than the Commission) who opposes a new technology or service proposed to be permitted under this chapter shall have the burden to demonstrate that such proposal is inconsistent with the public interest.
- (b) The Commission shall determine whether any new technology or service proposed in a petition or application is in the public interest within one year after such petition or application is filed. If the Commission initiates its own proceeding for a new technology or service, such proceeding shall be completed within 12 months after it is initiated

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## Comparison of UWB Bandwidth

- 30 kHz
- Analog Cellular Voice Channel

- 6 MHz
- TV Channel

- 28 - 100 MHz
- Unlicensed Spread Spectrum Devices

- 1000 - 3000 MHz
- Ultra-Wideband Devices

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## Potential Benefits of UWB Technology

- Low Cost
- Utilizes base-band radio architecture implemented in CMOS
- Low Power Consumption
- Low transmit duty cycles
- High Capacity
- Shannon-Hartley theorem
- channel capacity grows linearly with bandwidth and decreases logarithmically as S/N decreases
- Multi-path Robustness

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## UWB Applications

**1. Radar Imaging Systems (below 960 MHz):**
**Ground Penetrating Radar (GPRs), Wall Imaging, **
**Through-wall Imaging, Medical Imaging, Construction **
**& Home Repair Imaging, Mining Imaging, Surveillance devices**
**2. Vehicular Radar Systems (22-29 GHz):**
**Collision Avoidance Radars, improved airbag activation, **
**Field disturbance sensors, etc.**
**3. Communications & Measurement Systems (3.1-10 GHz):**
**Wireless Networks: PANs, etc.**
**Short-Range Communication Systems**
**Variety of Applications: Location determination, etc.**
**Measurement Devices: Liquid level, Bridge movement, etc.**

- Module 8

- July 30, 2006

## Primary Spectrum Issues

- UWB waveforms require access to large swaths of radio spectrum
- UWB emissions incompatible with existing spectrum management protocol
- Spectrum identified for UWB operation will necessitate access to “restricted bands”
- Restricted bands typically reserved for Safety-of-Life, National Security and/or Scientific Research operations
- Requires operation in spectrum long used by incumbent licensees
- Interference caused by UWB is an aggregation of deployed devices --- once an unacceptable interference level has been reached how do you recall those devices??

- Module 8

- July 30, 2006

## UWB Spectral EnvelopeNot to Scale – For Illustration Only

- UWB Spectral EnvelopeNot to Scale – For Illustration Only

- Measurement System Noise Floor

- ~23 dB

- RMS-Detected UWB Spectral Envelope at 2 meters

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## Initiation of UWB US Regulatory Framework

- Need for UWB rules recognized in 1998:
- four manufacturers petitioned FCC for waivers to operate UWB devices under Part 15 (unlicensed) rules
- FCC made aware of ongoing unregulated GPR operations
- FCC issued Notice of Inquiry (NOI) in September, 1998
- NOI requested that information w.r.t. potential UWB characteristics and operations be submitted to public record

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- July 30, 2006

## Response to FCC NOI on UWB

- Public record filings primarily described direct-pulse (DP) UWB waveforms generated by a short-duration pulse (an impulse)
- Resulting impulse used to “shock excite” a resonant antenna
- Properly designed antenna functions as band-pass filter, shaping resultant spectra
- Extremely (ultra) wideband spectrum signature created in the frequency domain
- Prospect of direct sequence encoding of impulse stream introduced (DS-UWB)

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## Impact of NOI

- Indicated “underlay” approach as the wireless UWB Regulatory implementation strategy
- Initiated extensive investigations into potential interference to incumbent services and systems
- Identified likely applications for and benefits associated with UWB technology

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## Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

- Released in May 2000
- Used information from public record to develop proposed regulations
- Acknowledged and encouraged ongoing EMC tests and analyses
- Requested public comment on rules proposals

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- July 30, 2006

## UWB EMC Tests and Analyses

- NTIA/ITS
- Measured UWB characteristics
- Measured interference potential to GPS and other Government systems
- Assessed UWB compatibility w.r.t. incumbent Government systems
- Developed operational scenarios in public meetings
- DOT/SU/Rockwell Collins
- Measured interference potential to GPS
- Assessed UWB compatibility w.r.t. aviation applications of GPS

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## UWB EMC Tests and Analyses (continued)

- TDC/UT/APL
- Measured interference potential to GPS
- Assessed UWB EMC w.r.t. GPS and other systems
- FAA/RTCA
- Analyzed potential interference to GPS
- AARL
- Analyzed EMC w.r.t. Amateur stations

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## UWB EMC Tests and Analyses (continued)

- Motorola/Sprint/Qualcomm/Telcordia/TDC
- Analyzed EMC w.r.t. PCS
- Cisco Systems, Inc
- Analyzed EMC w.r.t. MMDS systems
- XM Satellite Radio
- Analyzed EMC w.r.t. DARS systems
- DARPA NETEX
- Measured and analyzed UWB potential interference to selected legacy military systems

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## First UWB Report and Order (R&O)

- Issued in February, 2002
- Considered information from measurement and analysis efforts and from comments in the public record
- Coordinated closely with U.S. Government agencies via NTIA
- Established a regulatory framework to facilitate the introduction of UWB for use in limited applications

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## First UWB Report and Order (R&O)(continued)

- Defined a UWB waveform
- 500 MHz minimum bandwidth @ -10 dB points, or
- fractional bandwidth ≥ 0.20
- upper, lower, center frequencies and frequency of maximum emission
- Identified permissible UWB applications
- Imaging (below 960 MHz)
- Surveillance (below 960 MHz)
- Communications (Indoor and Outdoor)
-     (3.1 – 10.6 GHz)
- Vehicular Radar (22 -29 GHz)

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## First UWB Report and Order (R&O)(continued)

- Established application-based emissions masks
- Specified additional requirements to further protect incumbent services
- trained operators for GPRs
- no outdoor infrastructure for communications
- restrictions on allowable polling duration
- off-axis attenuation requirements for vehicular radars

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## Memorandum of Opinion and Order

- MO&O and Further NPRM released in Feb, 2003
- Through-Wall Imaging recognized as permissible UWB application
- established applicable emissions limits
- Modified band requirements for GPRs
- Responded to petitions for reconsideration of the initial R&O

- Module 8

- July 30, 2006

## MBOA Waiver Petition

- Filed in August, 2004
- Proposed a multi-band (MB) orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) implementation of UWB
- Requested clarification and waiver from requirement to stop band sequencing when performing compliance testing of emission levels

- Module 8

- July 30, 2006

- Spectrum between 3.1 and 10.6 GHz segmented into 14 non-overlapping 528-MHz channels.
- Groups formed from hopping over three contiguous OFDM channels.
- First generation MB-OFDM UWB devices will utilize only Group 1 channels:
- remaining groups reserved for potential future expansion.

- MBOA UWB Waveform

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## MBOA Waiver Petition(continued)

- Waiver approved by FCC in March, 2005
- Approval of waiver constituted no change to existing UWB rules or emissions masks
- Only change affected was in the way radiated emissions are measured
- Requirement to suspend band sequencing (hopping) in  compliance measurements was removed
- Found unnecessary with properly defined rms-measurements
- Now permissible to perform compliance measurement with device operating in normal mode

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## Example Spectrum SignaturesVehicular Radar

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## Looking Ahead – Future Needs and Challenges(FCC Viewpoint)

- Harmonization
- Necessity for International harmonization of UWB regulations and emissions masks
- UWB Industry Standards
- Need for standards to mitigate potential mutual interference interactions among UWB systems
- Market Penetration
- need for UWB devices to reach marketplace for ultimate proof of concept

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## ITU-R Task Group 1/8 - Compatibility between ultra-wideband devices (UWB) and radiocommunication services

- International Chair: Salim Hanna, Industry Canada
- US Chair: Ron Chase, FCC
- Possible future WRC agenda item.
- Task Group formed under ITU-R Study Group 1 in response to Study Questions Q.226/1 and Q.227.1
- At the time of TG 1/8 being formed, the US was the only Administration with regulations governing UWB device usage.
- Automotive and Ground Penetrating radar, laptop communications, motion detectors, etc.
- Other Administrations have proposed UWB emission levels.
- UK, CEPT, New Zealand, Canada
- Follow the US rules with some modifications primarily limiting the bands of operation in comparison to the US rules.

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- July 30, 2006

## Administration Viewpoints on TG 1/8

**US Views:**
- TG 1/8 products must agree with FCC UWB Report & Order
- UWB operations following the R&O rules do not cause interference to any radiocommunication service
- The issue of UWB deployment should not be a WRC agenda item.
- Administrations should decide their own domestic rules and authorize according to their situation
**Counter views:**
- Global UWB operations will compromise EESS (passive) operations at 24 GHz
- Vehicular radar operating within the 23.6-24 GHz band.
- UWB devices can easily cross national boundaries making it an international issue.

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## TG 1/8 Products

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## Regulatory Outlook:What’s next for UWB?

- Domestically:
- Further petitions to the FCC from UWB industry likely
- Expansion of service
- More bands
- Relaxation of rules
- Higher eirp, more outdoor
- Internationally
- Administrations implementing UWB regulations using the US rules as a pattern.
- Wait and see if this becomes an issue at WRC-07
- Perhaps an Agenda Item on Short Range Devices (SRDs)

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## The Camel’s Nose

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