# Presentation: 256319

## Slide 1

## Cospas-Sarsat

**Cospas-Sarsat**

**Department of Commerce**
**National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration**
**National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service**
**Office of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution**
**Direct Services Division**

## Cospas-Sarsat

**Cospas-Sarsat**

**Cospas****	****COsmicheskaya Systyema Poiska Aariynyich Sudov ****	****	****	****which translates loosely into “Space System for the ****	****	****	****Search of Vessels in Distress”**
**Sarsat****	****	****Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking**
**Cospas-Sarsat provides, free-of-charge,  distress alert and location information to search and rescue authorities anywhere in the world for maritime, aviation and land users in distress.**

## >11,000

**Rescues**

**Persons rescued world-wide since 1982**
***>11,000***
**Persons rescued in United States since 1982**
***> 4,000***

## History

**History**

**1950s– Concept of Doppler tracking developed to locate transmitters on earth surface using satellites**

**1960s – Emergency beacons operating at 121.5/243 MHz used by military**

**1972 – Congressmen Boggs and Begich lost in Alaska**

**1970 – Congress mandates carriage of 121.5 ELT on general aviation aircraft**

**1976 – Canada, France and United States begin development of the SARSAT program**

**1967 – 16-year old girl starves to death after waiting two months for rescue**

## History

**History**

**1979 - Memorandum of Understanding among agencies in Canada, France, USA and former USSR**

**1982 - Launch of Cospas-1, first save**

**1983 - Launch of Sarsat-1**

**1985 - Cospas-Sarsat declared operational**

**1988 - International Cospas-Sarsat Program Agreement signed by governments of Canada, France, USA and former USSR**

**1992 - Russia assumes responsibilities for the former USSR**

**1998 - GEOSAR operational**

**1999 – C/S Phases out 121.5/243 MHz**

## Cospas-Sarsat Program

**Cospas-Sarsat Program**

**The following 28 countries are also formally associated with the Cospas-Sarsat Program as Ground Segment Providers or User States (two organizations in Hong Kong and Taipei also provide ground segment equipment):**
**Algeria****	****	****	****Australia****	****	****Brazil**
**Chile****	****	****	****China (P.R.)****	****	****Denmark**
**Germany****	****	****Greece****	****	****	****India**
**Indonesia****	****	****Italy****	****	****	****Japan**
**Korea (Rep. of)****	****	****Madagascar****	****	****Netherlands (The)**
**New Zealand****	****	****Norway****	****	****Pakistan****	**
**Peru****	****	****	****Saudi Arabia****	****	****Singapore**
**Spain****	****	****	****South Africa****	****	****Sweden**
**Switzerland****	****	****Thailand****	****	****Tunisia****	****	**
**United Kingdom**

## Organization

**Organization**

**Program Management**

**Cospas-Sarsat Council**

**System Operation**

**Joint Committee**

**Administrative Support**

**Cospas-Sarsat Secretariat**

**Operational Working Group**

**Technical Working Group**

**Exercise Working Group**

## International Cooperation

**International Cooperation**

**International Maritime Organization**
**UN specialized agency responsible for improving maritime safety (Mandates use of emergency beacons)**

**International Civil Aviation Organization**
**UN specialized agency responsible for aviation matters and improving civil aviation safety (Mandates use of 406 MHz beacons)**

**International Telecommunications Union**
**UN specialized agency responsible for coordinating global telecommunications (406 MHz beacon specifications)**

## System Operation

**System Operation**

**Local User Terminal**

**Mission Control Center**

**Rescue Coordination Center**

**LEO Satellites**

**GEO Satellites**

**Emergency Beacons**

## Beacons

**Beacons**

**Manual or Automatic Activation**
**121.5/243 MHz****	****	****Analog signal**
**	****	****	****Approximately 600,000 world-wide and ****	****	****	****	****270,000 in the United States**
**406 MHz****	****	****Digital signal**
**	****	****	****Approximately 225,000 world-wide and 61,000 ****	****	****	****in the United States**
**Applications:**
**Maritime - Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB)**
**Aviation - Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)**
**Personal/Land - Personal Locator Beacon (PLB)**

## Satellites

**Satellites**

**Two types of satellites:**
**	****Low-earth orbiting (LEO)/polar orbiting (LEOSAR); and**
**	****geosynchronous earth orbiting (GEO or GEOSAR)**

## Satellites

**Satellites**

**LEO:**
**	****United States NOAA/TIROS (121.5, 243 and 406 MHz ****	****	****capability) - SARSAT**
**	****	****Search and Rescue Repeater (SARR) - Canada**
**	****	****Search and Rescue Processor (SARP) - France  **
**	****Russian Nadezda  (121.5 and 406 MHz capability) - COSPAS**
**GEO:**
**	****United States NOAA/GOES (406 MHz capability)**
**	****Indian INSAT-2B (406 MHz capability)**

## Satellites

**Satellites**

**	**_**Satellite**_**	****	**_**Spacecraft**_**	****	**_**Status**_
**	****Cospas-4****	****	****Nadezda - 1****	****	****Operational**
**	****Cospas-6****	****	****Nadezda - 3****	****	****Operational**
**	****Cospas-8****	****	****Nadezda - 5****	****	****Operational**
**	****Cospas-9****	****	****Nadezda-6****	****	****Operational**
**	****Sarsat-4****	****	****NOAA-11****	****	****	****Operational**
**	****Sarsat-6****	****	****NOAA-14****	****	****	****Operational**
**	****Sarsat-7****	****	****NOAA-15****	****	****	****Operational**
**	****Sarsat-8****	****	****NOAA-16****	****	****	****Operational**
**	****GOES-8****	****	****	****	****	****Operational at 75 West**
**	****GOES-10****	****	****	****	****	****Operational at 135 West**
**	****GOES-11****	****	****	****	****	****In-orbit Spare**
**	****INSAT-2B****	****	****	****	****Operational at 93.5 East**

## Local Mode Operations 

**Local Mode Operations **
**(SARR)**

**121.5 243 406 MHz**

## Global Mode Operations

**Global Mode Operations**
**(SARP)**

**406 MHz**

## Local User Terminals

**Local User Terminals**

**	****LEOLUTs:**
**	****Track Cospas and Sarsat satellites**
**	****Recover beacon signals from satellites**
**	****Perform bit error checking/correction on 406 MHz beacon ****	****messages**
**	****Perform Doppler processing to determine geographic ****	****location**
**	****Send resulting Doppler solutions to associated Mission ****	****Control Center**

## Local User Terminals

**Local User Terminals**

**	****GEOLUTs:**
**	****Track GOES and INSAT satellites**
**	****Recover beacon signals from satellites**
**	****Perform bit error checking/correction on 406 MHz beacon ****	****messages**
**	****Send resulting 406 MHz solutions to associated Mission ****	****Control Center**

## Local User Terminals

**Local User Terminals**

**42 LEOLUT Sites**

## Local User Terminals

**Local User Terminals**

**7 GEOLUTs**

## Local User Terminals

**Local User Terminals**

**Maryland**

**Puerto Rico**

**Texas**

**California**

**Alaska**

**Hawaii**

**Guam**

**United States LEOLUTs**

## Local User Terminals

**Local User Terminals**

**United States LEOLUTs**
**(Typical Configuration)**

## Local User Terminals

**Local User Terminals**

**United States Mobile LUT**

## Mission Control Center

**Mission Control Center**

**	****MCCs:**
**	****Receive data from national LUTs and foreign MCCs**
**	****Attempt to match signals coming from the same beacon source**
**	****Merge beacon signals from the same source to improve location accuracy**
**	****Geographically sort data to determine appropriate recipient of alert message**
**	****Transmit alert messages to search and rescue authorities**
**	****Filter redundant alert data**
**	****Perform System support and monitoring functions**

## Mission Control Center

**24 MCCs**

**Mission Control Center**

## United States

**United States**
**Mission Control Center**

**USMCC**

**24 MCCs**

**14 LUTs**

**14 RCCs**

**7 SPOCs**

**Special Programs**

**Spacecraft Telemetry & Ephemeris Data**

**Communication Sites**

## United States

**United States**
**Mission Control Center**

## United States 

**United States **
**Mission Control Center**

**	****USMCC Activity (approximately):**
**	****Handle 250-400 121.5/243 alerts/day**
**	****Handle 10-15 406 MHz alerts/day**
**	****Schedule and ingest data from 500 satellite passes/day**
**	****Transmit 1200 messages/day**
**	****Register 30 new beacons/day**
**	****Update 60 beacon registrations/day**
**	****Confirm 300 beacon registrations/week**
**	****Enter 35 incident feedback reports/day**

## Rescue Coordination Centers

**Rescue Coordination Centers**

**More**

**CGD14**

**CGD17**

**AKRCC**

**AFRCC**

**PACAREA**

**LANTAREA**

**CGD8**

**CGD7**

**CGD1**

**CGD13**

**GANTSEC**

**CGD9**

**Additional RCCs:  MARSEC, PRCC, JRCC Southcom**

## United States 

**United States **
**Cospas-Sarsat Program**

**Inland SAR**

**Maritime SAR**

**Research & Development**

**System Operation**

**Representative to Cospas-Sarsat Program**

## United States 

**United States **
**Search and Rescue Program**

**DOC**

**DOD**

**FCC**

**DOI**

**NASA**

**DOT**

**Satellite Services, Environmental Information**

**SAR Facilities**

**Regulations for Radio Facilities**

**SAR Services**

**Research and Development**

**SAR Facilities**

## System Performance

**System Performance**

**Timing:**
**	****Alert notification in 5 to 120 minutes depending on type of beacon, location and satellite configuration**
**Accuracy:**
**	****100 meters to 20 kilometers depending on type of beacon**
**Reliability:**
**	****Depends on type of beacon**

## Problems

**Problems**

**121.5/243 MHz Satellite Alerting System Inefficient**
**	****Numerous false alerts**
**	****No identification information available**
**	****Unreliable alerts (often originate from non-beacon sources)**
**False Alerts**
**	****Diminishes integrity of System**
**	****Wastes SAR resources**
**	****Possibly diverts SAR resources from actual distress**
**Interference in Frequency Band**
**	****Masks real distress signals**

## More Information

**More Information**

**For more information visit the following web sites:**
**	****http://www.sarsat.noaa.gov/**
**	****http://www.cospas-sarsat.org/**
**	****http://www.uscg.mil/hq/g-o/g-opr/sar.htm**
**	****http://www.acc.af.mil/afrcc/**
**	****http://poes2.gsfc.nasa.gov/sar/sar.htm**

## SARSAT Payload Description

**SARSAT Payload Description**

## SARSAT Payload

**SARSAT Payload**

**S/C Interface**

## SARSAT SARP-2 Description

**SARSAT SARP-2 Description**

## SARP-x Description

**SARP-x Description**

**Receives and processes the 406 MHz distress beacons transmissions :**
**Measures the received frequency (accuracy 0.2 Hz)**
**Time tags the frequency measurement (accuracy ******** 1 ms)**
**Demodulates the message content (down to 34 dB.Hz)**
**Format and store the above information.**
**Send to the SARR 1544.5 MHz transmitter the Processed Data Stream (PDS) consisting of real time and play back data.**

## SARP-x Description

**SARP-x Description**

**Input bandwidth : 406.01 MHz / 406.09 MHz (80 kHz)**
**Two types of beacon periodic messages (50 s) :**
**short message :****	****0.44 s****	****400 bps**
**long message :****	****0.52 s****	****400 bps**
**Capacity : the present SARP-3 can receive and process 95% of the messages transmitted by 50 distress beacons simultaneously active in the satellite visibility circle.**

## SARP-x Description

**SARP-x Description**

**The present SARP-2 and SARP-3 memory size is 2048 messages. SARP-3 memory may be increased by ground command up to 2560 messages.**
**Beacon messages are transmitted to SARR as soon as received and processed (real time).**
**Most recent messages is stored in place of the oldest one in the memory.**
**Memory is read in LIFO continuously when there is no real time messages to be transmitted (play-back).**

## SARP-x Description

**SARP-x Description**

**Fully redundant**
**One unit* : ****	****Receiver-Processor Unit : RPU**
**Receive antenna at 401 MHz and filters, also used on Tiros for the Argos-DCS, may be used on NPOES for the SARP **_**and**_** the Search and Rescue Repeater (SARR).**
**Mission data are sent to the SARR**
*** *****an extra unit may be needed to adapt the A-DCS and SARP-3 Tiros interfaces to the NPOESS (TBC).***

## SARP-x Mechanical Interfaces

**SARP-x Mechanical Interfaces**

- Length (u)

- Recever ProcessingUnit (RPU)

- DCS Interface Unit (**)(DIU) **TBC**

- SARP-xx

- Width (v)

- Height (w)

- Mass (*)

- 365 mm

- 280 mm

- 195 mm

- 18 kg

- 288 mm

- 210 mm

- 63 mm

- 4 kg

*(*) : without harness*
*(**) : may be shared with A-DCS (TBC)*

## SARP-x Electrical Interfaces

**SARP-x Electrical Interfaces**

**Power consumption****	****	******** 35 watts**
**Pulse discrete commands****	****	****12 PDC**
**Level discrete commands****	****	****7 LDC + strobe**
**Digital HK telemetry****	****	****15 TM points**
**Analog TM channels****	****	****20 TM channels**

**SARP-3 mission and instrument design are dated 1999.**
**One cannot exclude some evolution between now and the ****N-POES SARP-xx  actual development.**
**Technology evolution should be transparent for the satellite.**

## SARP-x Electrical Interfaces

**SARP-x Electrical Interfaces**

- SARP InterfaceUnit (TBD)

- Receiver Processor
- Unit (RPU)
*                   **side A*

*                   **side B*

- SARRTransmitter
- Unit
*                **side A*

*                **side B*

- Mission
- data

- power

- Cd and
- HK TM

**SARP-xx**
**instrument**

- N-POESS satellite

- RF
- accommodation
- hardware

- DCS

- SARR ?

- Receive
- antenna

- 401MHz/406 MHz

- SARP

- 1544.5MHz

- Transmit
- antenna

## SARP-x Electrical Interfaces

**SARP-x Electrical Interfaces**

- SARP InterfaceUnit (TBD)

- Receiver Processor
- Unit (RPU)
*                   **side A*

*                   **side B*

- SARRTransmitter
- Unit
*                **side A*

*                **side B*

- Mission
- data

- power

- Cd and
- HK TM

**SARP-xx**
**instrument**

- N-POESS satellite

- RF
- accommodation
- hardware

- DCS

- SARR ?

- Receive
- antenna

- 401MHz/406 MHz

- SARP

- 1544.5MHz

- Transmit
- antenna

## SARR

**SARR**

**Fully redundant**
**Total size****	****	****	****	****1.6 cubic feet**
**Total weight****	****	****	****45 pounds**
**Total power consumpiton****	****	****47 watts**

## SARR Description

**SARR Description**

## SARR Receiver Description

**SARR Receiver Description**

## SARR - Transmitter

**SARR - Transmitter**

## SARR - Transmitter

**SARR - Transmitter**

- 6 dB

- 6 dB

- Relative Level of Integrated Power in Each Band (dB)

- 0

- -10

- -20

- -30

- 2.4 kbps PDS
- Baseband

- 121.5 MHz
- Baseband

- 243 MHz
- Baseband

- 406 MHz
- Baseband

- Baseband Frequency in kHz
- Note:  Drawing not to scale and bandwidths given are 1 dB bandwidths

- 5.0

- 2.4

- 34.5

- 47.0

- 59.5

- 71.0

- 94.0

- 117.0

- 130.0

- 170.0

- 210.0

**Sarsat SARR Baseband Frequency Spectrum**

## SARSAT Telemetry & Commanding

**SARSAT Telemetry & Commanding**

## SARP-2 

**SARP-2 **
**(Analog Telemetry)**

**Temperature:**
**	****Receiver Processer Unit**
**	****USO**
**	****USO Thermal Regulation**
**	****SPU Box**
**	****Converter**
**Power:**
**	****SARP Converter +5v, -5v**
**	****SARP Converter +12v, -12v**
**	****SARP Converter +28v**
**	****Main Bus voltage**

## SARR 

**SARR **
**(Analog Telemetry)**

**Transmitters:**
**	****Current (A/B side)**
**	****Output Power (A/B side)**
**	****Temperature (A/B side)**
**	****Baseplate Temperature**
**Receivers:**
**	****AGC (121.5/243/406) (A/B side)**
**	****Temperature (121.5/406) (A/B side)**
**Power Telemetry and Command:**
**	****Temperature (A/B side)**
**	****28 Volt monitor**
**	****16 Volt monitor (A/B side)**

## SARP 

**SARP **
**(Digital Telemetry)**

**SARP Relay A Status**
**SARP Relay B Status**
**DRU 1/2/3 Status**
**SARP Time Clock**
**Pseudo-Message**
**Memory ON/OFF**
**Read Continuously**
**Read Single Shot**
**Read/erase Single Shot**
**Receiver Bandwidth 1 *****(406.01 – 406.09)***
**Receiver Bandwidth 2 *****(406.01 – 406.05)***
**Receiver Bandwidth 3 *****(406.01 – 406.037)****
**** Probably wont be available in SARP-x***

## SARR 

**SARR **
**(Digital Telemetry)**

**SARR 121.5 Redundancy Switch**
**SARR 243 MHz Redundancy Switch**
**SARR 406 MHz Redundancy Switch**
**SARR Tx Ouput RF Redundancy Switch**

## Telemetry Processing

**Telemetry Processing**

**NOAA CDA**

**NOAA SOCC/IPD**

**USMCC**

**CMCC**

**FMCC**

**DND**

**CNES**

**Digital Telemetry Count**

**Digital Telemetry Count**

**Telemetry Volts**

**Engineering Units**

**SOCC Take Appropriate Action**

## Commands

**Commands**

**SARR:**
**	****Enable/disable****	**
**	****Select Side (A/B)**
**	****Change modulation index (Rx Attenuations)**
**	****Receiver Gain Mode (Fixed or AGC)**
**SARP:**
**	****Enable/disable (SARP, DRUs, Pseudo-mode)**
**	****Memory Commands**
**	****Bandwidth Selection**

## Monitoring/Commanding

**Monitoring/Commanding**

**SOCC**

**USMCC**

**CMCC**

**FMCC**

**SPE**

**SPE**

**Commands**

**USMCC**

**Verification**

**C/S Ground Segment, USMCC, SOCC**

**Consultation**

**Consultation**

**Notification to Cospas-Sarsat**

## Coordination

**Coordination**

- International Cospas-Sarsat Programme Agreeement

- SARSAT Memorandum of Agreement

- National Search and Rescue Committee

- Interagency Memorandum of Agreement

- National Search and Rescue Plan

- SARSAT Project Plan

- Supports

- Supports

- Telemetry and Command Procedures

- Supports

- Cospas-Sarsat Program Plan

- Supports

- Letters of Agreement