# Presentation: 933006

## Vg  Diagram

**Vg  Diagram**
**Maneuvering Speed (Va), a Significant**
**Limitation**

## CESSNA  310

**0**

**1**

**3.8**

**-1.52**

**5.7**

**-2.8**

**CESSNA  310**

**CATASTROPHIC**
**   ****AIRFRAME**
**STRUCTURAL**
**    ****FAILURE**

**PERMANENT **
**AIRFRAME**

**ULTIMATE LIMIT LOAD**

**LIMIT LOAD**

**1 G**

**LIMIT LOAD**

**ULTIMATE LIMIT LD.**

**Vs  **

**79  KIAS **

**Va **

**148  KIAS **

**@ 5500  # **

**@ 5500  # **

**Vno **

**18 1 KIAS **

**Vne **

**22 3  KIAS **

**DEFORMATION **

**V Speeds  **

**30  FPS  **

**45  FPS  **

**30  FPS  **
**45  FPS **

**@  5 ,500  #  **

**@  5 ,500  #  **

**STALL  REGION**

** ****STALL****REGION**

- Accelerate Stall Speed  Curve

- Accelerate Stall Speed  Curve

**    ****(+)     G Forces  **

**    ****(-)      G  Forces  **

**15  FPS **

**15  FPS  **

**Vd  **

**2 5 3   KIAS  **

**Region of unattainable lift**

**Region of unattainable lift **

**“****Cruise  configuration”**

## CESSNA  310

**V Speeds **

**0 **

**@ 5,000 #  **

**1**

**1 G**

**3.8 **

**5.7 **

**- 1.52 **

**- 2.8 **

- @ 5.500 #

- @ 5,500 #

**@ 5,000  # **

**(+)     G  Forces  **

** ****(-)       G  Forces  **

**} 45 FPS**

**} 45 FPS**

**Vno**

**Vne**

**Vd**

**Va**

**Vs**

**Vs**

**72 KIAS**
**@ 5,000 #**

**Va**

**141 KIAS**
**@5,000 # **

- Vs

- Va

- 79 KIAS
- @ 5,000 #

- 138 KIAS
- @ 5,500 #

**CESSNA  310**

**30  FPS **

**15  FPS  **

**15  FPS  **

**30  FPS  **

**CATASTROPHIC**
**     ****FAILURE**

** ****PERMANENT**
**DEFORMATION**

- Ultimate  Limit  Load

- Limit  Load

**Stall  Region **

**Stall  Region **

- Accelerated  Stall  Curves

- Accelerated  Stall
-       Curves

**Region of unattainable lift **

**Region of**
**unattainable**
**     ****lift**

**“****Cruise  configuration”**

## c

**CESSNA  310**

**V  Speeds  **

**0  **

**@ 5,400 # **

**1**

**1 G **

**3 . 8 **

**5 . 7 **

**VS **

**75  KIAS **
**@ 5,400 # **

**Va **

**146 KIAS **
**@ 5,400 # **

**Vno  **

**18 1 KIAS **

**Vne  **

**223 KIAS **

**Vd  **

**253  KIAS **

**(+)       G Forces  **

**45  FPS  **

**120 KIAS**

**3 . 2 **

**A**

**A**

**160 KIAS**

**B**

**B**

**4 . 0 **

**4 . 6 **

**200 KIAS**

**c**

**c**

**A**

**B**

**C**

- Ultimate Limit Load

- Limit Load

**Va **

**Vs  **

**Vno  **

**Vne  **

**Vd  **

**30  FPS  **

**15  FPS  **

**  ****PERMANENT**
**DEFORMATION**

**CATASTROPHIC**
**    ****FAILURE**

**STALL REGION **

**Region of unattainable lift **

- Accelerated stall speed curve

**“****Cruise configuration”**

## CESSNA  310

**(+)     G  Forces  **

**(-)      G  Forces  **

**V  Speeds  **

**0  **

**1 G **

**@  5,000 # **

**@ 5,000  # **

**1**

**2  **

**3  **

**- 0 . 8  **

** ****- 1 . 2  **

**45  FPS  **

**30  FPS  **

**15  FPS  **

**45  FPS  **

**30  FPS  **

**15  FPS  **

**Vno         Vne     Vd  **

**Vs  **

**68  KIAS  **
**@ 5,000 #  **

**Va  **

**98  KIAS  **
**@ 5,000  # **

**“****Landing configuration with **
**  ****landing gear DOWN, and**
**       ****FULL FLAPS (35  )”**

**o**

**CATASTROPHIC**
**      ****FAILURE**

**  ****PERMANENT**
**DEFORMATION**

- Accelerated stall speed curve

- Accelerated stall speed
-              curve

**STALL REGION **

**Region of unattainable lift **

**STALL **
**REGION**

**Region of unattainable**
**                ****lift  **

## CESSNA  310

**FAR  Part  - 1  “V Speed”   Definitions **

**Va        Design  Maneuvering  Speed.**
**Vc        Design   Cruising Speed.**
**Vd       Design  Diving  Speed.**
**Vfe      Maximum  Flap  Extended  Speed.**
**Vle      Maximum  Landing  Gear  Extended  Speed.**
**Vlo      Maximum  Landing  Gear  Operating  Speed.**
**Vmc    Minimum  Control  Speed  with  the  critical  engine  inoperative.**
**Vmo/Mmo   Maximum  Operating  Limit  Speed.**
**Vne     Never  Exceed  Speed.**
**Vno     Maximum  Structural  Cruising  Speed.**
**Vs        Stall Speed  or  minimum  steady  flight  speed  at  which  the  airplane  is   controllable.**
**Vs1      Stall Speed  or  minimum  steady  flight  speed  obtained  in  a  specific  configuration.  **
**Vso      Stall Speed  or minimum  steady  flight  speed  at  which  the  airplane  is  controllable**
**           ****in  the  landing  configuration.**
**Vyse    Best  Single  Engine  Rate  of  Climb  Speed.**
**Vxse    Best  Single  Engine  Angle  of  Climb  Speed.**
**Vy       Best  Rate  of  Climb  Speed.**
**Vx       Best  Angle  of  Climb  Speed.**
**Vsse    Minimum  Safe  Simulated  Engine  Out  Speed.**
**Vglide  Best  Glide  Speed.   **

## CESSNA  310

**Limit Load Computations**

**   ****L/L = 2.3 + [ 24,000/( AC Gwt + 10,000 )]                    L/L = .5 + [ 24,000/( AC Gwt + 10,000 )] **
**   ****L/L = 2.3 + [ 24,000/(5,500#  + 10,000)]                        L/L = .5 + [ 24,000/(5.400#  + 10,000)]**
**   ****L/L = 2.3 + [ 24,000/15.500 ]                                          L/L = .5 + [ 24,000/15,400]**
**   ****L/L = 2.3 + 1.548                                                             L/L = .5 + 1.558**
**   ****L/L = 3.5 Gs Normal Load Limit                                  L/L = 2.0 Gs Landing Load Limit**
**   ****G = (Va/Vs)                               U/L = 1.5 x 3.8 = 5.7 Gs                        G = (Va/Vs)**
**   ****G = (148/79)                               **Ultimate Load Limit in                          **G = (102/72)**
**   ****G = (1.873)                                 **the cruise configuration.                         **G = (1.416)**
**   ****G = 3.5 Gs Limit Load             U/L = 1.5 x 2.0 = 3.0 Gs                        G = 2.0 Gs Lndg Limit Ld**
**                                                       **Ultimate Load Limit in
-                                                        the landing configuration.** **

**2 **

**2 **

**Maneuvering  Speed Computations**

**Va = Va x        AC Gwt / Max Gwt**

**     ****Va = 148 x        5,400# / 5,500#**

**Va = 148 x**

**0.9818**

** ****Va = 148 x 0.9908**

**Va = 146 KIAS**

**Vs = **

**3.8 Gs**

**Va**

**146 KIAS**

**Vs =**

**1.9493**

**Vs = 75 KIAS**

**2**

**2**

**2**

**2**

**2**

**2**