# Presentation: 329868

## Hydrogen Release Compound, HRCR

***A Timely, Cost-Effective Solution for ***
***Treating Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater****** ***

***Accelerated**** ****Anaerobic Natural Attenuation****** ***

## What Is Reductive Dechlorination?

- HRC provides the hydrogen necessary for accelerating reductive dechlorination
- Reductive Dechlorination:
- Microbes called “reductive dechlorinators” replace chlorine with hydrogen atoms on CHs
- PCE is biodegraded via the following sequence:
-    PCE          TCE         DCE         VC          Ethene

## HRC is a polylactate ester 
When hydrated, HRC time-releases lactic acid
HRC accelerates anaerobic bioremediation of CHs such as PCE, TCE, and TCA
Microbes metabolize lactic acid to other organic acid intermediates, such as acetic acid
Hydrogen is released as a by-product
This hydrogen facilitates reductive dechlorination of chlorinated hydrocarbons

- When hydrated, HRC time-releases lactic acid
- HRC accelerates anaerobic bioremediation of CHs such as PCE, TCE, and TCA
- Microbes metabolize lactic acid to other organic acid intermediates, such as acetic acid
**Hydrogen** is released as a by-product
- This hydrogen facilitates reductive dechlorination of chlorinated hydrocarbons

**Hydrogen Release Compound, HRC**R

## HRC Polylactate Ester Structure

**HRC Polylactate Ester Structure**
**Time-Release Formula**

- HRC is based on a three-carbon glycerol polylactate ester structure:

- HRC releases lactic acid for up to one year

- By providing a long-lasting, time-released hydrogen source, HRC cost-effectively accelerates anaerobic reductive dechlorination

## Benefits of HRC’s Time-Release Feature

**Rapid Site Closure**
**	****- **Accelerates natural attenuation by 10X to 100X—reducing time to site closure
**Cost-Effective**
- 	- No capital costs for systems
- 	- No operation & maintenance costs
- 	- Reduced installation costs

## Benefits of HRC’s Time-Release Feature

**Non-invasive**
- In-situ technology minimizes physical disturbance to property
- No “iron wall” –type construction
**Wide regulatory acceptance**
- environmentally safe
**Proven technology**
- Demonstrated on USEPA SITE program site
- Installed on >120 sites

## Distribution of HRC

- HRC is both “static” and slowly soluble.  It stays in place as it releases lactic acid.
- High initial concentrations of lactic acid drive the distribution of the material by  diffusion – even in stiff clays!

## Distribution of HRC in the Aquifer

- Laboratory and field work indicate that lactic acid will move by diffusion alone about 10 ft/yr regardless of aquifer matrix material.
- Recommended spacing of HRC application points is on the order of ten foot on center.

## Longevity of HRC

- The degree of complexity and esterification of the molecule are key factors in its longevity

## Structure of HRC

## Longevity of HRC- “How long does it last?”

- Longevity is a function of certain biological and geochemical features of the aquifer
- 	-microbial population
- 	-groundwater flow rate
- HRC stimulates  reductive dechlorination within the aquifer for about 12 month’s time.

## Compounds Treatable With HRC

- Chlorinated Organics (ethenes, ethanes, etc.)
- Chlorinated Pesticides and Herbicides
- Nitrate
- Chromium
- Perchlorates
- Explosives

## Advantages of HRC

**Compared to Pump and Treat**
- No capital equipment costs
- No elaborate design costs
- No site construction/ disruption
- No Operation and Maintenance Costs
**HRC treatment is generally <1/3 the cost of pump and treat systems**

## Advantages of HRC 

**Compared to Sparging/Venting**
- No capital equipment costs
- No elaborate design costs
- No site construction/ disruption
- No Operation and Maintenance costs
**HRC treatment is generally <1/2 the cost of sparge/vent systems**

## Advantages of HRC 

**Compared to Sparge/Venting**
**HRC Accelerates Natural Attenuation.  **_**Sparging Inhibits it.**_

## Advantages of HRC 

**Compared to Zero Valent Iron**
- No construction costs
- No patent fees (15% of the project)
- No site construction/ disruption
- Iron walls are circumvented by flow
- Iron walls foul
**HRC treatment is generally <1/3 the cost of iron walls **

**Notes:**
The patent for zero valent iron dechlorination is enforced.  They charge a 15% royalty of the cost of the project! Not the metal used.  This is an additional 15% right off the top.

## Advantages of HRC 

**Compared to Chemical Oxidation**
- Fenton’s Reagent and Permanganate require direct contact with contaminant- requiring wells on very close spacing-  **very high cost**
- Very **dangerous**
- Large quantities of oxidants are required- often contaminating subsurface (ie. manganese)
- Chemical oxidants can release toxic metals into groundwater (eg.  hex-chrome)
** **

**Notes:**
The patent for zero valent iron dechlorination is enforced.  They charge a 15% royalty of the cost of the project! Not the metal used.  This is an additional 15% right off the top.

## Advantages of HRC 

**Compared to Chemical Oxidation**
- Chem Ox ***inhibits natural attenuation*** of chlorinated compounds
- Permanganate can encapsulate DNAPL inhibiting degradation
- HRC simply stimulates rapid dechlorination without any negative site effects.
**HRC is generally <1/3 the cost of chem ox**
** **

**Notes:**
The patent for zero valent iron dechlorination is enforced.  They charge a 15% royalty of the cost of the project! Not the metal used.  This is an additional 15% right off the top.

## Advantages of HRC 

**Compared to Chemical Oxidation**
- HRC can be used to restore natural attenuation in areas where chem ox has been used
** **

**Notes:**
The patent for zero valent iron dechlorination is enforced.  They charge a 15% royalty of the cost of the project! Not the metal used.  This is an additional 15% right off the top.

## Advantages of HRC 

**Compared to Organic Substrate Additions**
- Soluble substrate additions (molasses, sugar, lactate, etc.):
-  Require costly routine applications due to high solubility
-  Require multiple wells for routine re-injection
- Constantly bio-foul
***Favor methanogenesis over dechlorination**

**Notes:**
The patent for zero valent iron dechlorination is enforced.  They charge a 15% royalty of the cost of the project! Not the metal used.  This is an additional 15% right off the top.

## Advantages of HRC 

**Compared to Organic Substrate Additions**
- Insoluble substrate additions (Oils, chitin,etc.):
-  Require very dense placement due to insolubility
- Large quantities are required to treat plume due to low solubility
-  Oils partition into contaminant, inhibiting dechlorination

**Notes:**
The patent for zero valent iron dechlorination is enforced.  They charge a 15% royalty of the cost of the project! Not the metal used.  This is an additional 15% right off the top.

## Advantages of HRC 

**Compared to Organic Substrate Additions**
- HRC presents a very low cost, diffusable, reliable treatment option compared to common substrate additions.
**HRC is generally  <1/2 the cost of  typical substrate addition programs**

**Notes:**
The patent for zero valent iron dechlorination is enforced.  They charge a 15% royalty of the cost of the project! Not the metal used.  This is an additional 15% right off the top.

## HRC Site Objectives

**Containment **- inject HRC at downgradient edge of plume to prevent off-site migration-”cost effective PRB”
**Saturated Zone Source/Plume Treatment** - apply HRC near source area or in plume to:
- Degrade plume contaminants
- Desorb and Degrade source mass

## Methods of HRC Application

**Source **
**Treatment**

**HRC**
**Barrier**

**H****2**

**H****2**

**Tank Removal or  Excavation**
**Application**

**Dissolved**
**Phase**
**Contamination**

**Methods of HRC Application**

- Groundwater Flow Direction

## HRC Cost Comparison #1Assumes TCE plume treatment @ 10ppm

| PLUME WIDE REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY COST COMPARISON |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Small Site  (50’ x 75’) |  | Large Site (200’ x 200’) |  |
|  | Shallow 20’  bgs | Deep 50’  bgs | Shallow  20’  bgs | Deep  50’  bgs |
| HRC Treatment | $ 127,000 | $ 135,000 | $ 303,000 | $ 343,000 |
| Pump & Treat | $ 595,000 | $ 633,000 | $ 778,000 | $ 876,000 |
| Air Sparging w/SVE | $ 480,000 | $ 515,000 | $ 890,000 | $1 ,068,000 |
| Chemical Oxidation | $ 320,000 | $ 343,500 | $ 1,495,000 | $ 1,636,000 |

## HRC Cost Comparison #2Assumes TCE plume @ 10ppm

| PLUME CUT-OFF BARRIER TECHNOLOGY COST COMPARISON |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Small Site  (50’ x 75’) |  | Large Site (200’ x 200’) |  |
|  | Shallow 20’  bgs | Deep 50’  bgs | Shallow  20’  bgs | Deep  50’  bgs |
| HRC Treatment | $ 145,000 | $ 145,000 | $ 175,000 | $ 175,000 |
| Iron Wall PRB | $ 336,914 | $ 394,514 | $ 632,586 | $ 776,586 |
| Pump and Treat | $ 578,945 | $ 615,265 | $ 685,893 | $ 757,443 |
| Air Sparging with SVE | $ 350,825 | $ 356,525 | $ 641,767 | $ 675,017 |

## The Advantages of HRC: 

**Compared to Organic Substrate Additions**
- Insoluble substrate additions (Oils, chitin,etc.):
-  Require very dense placement due to insolubility
- Large quantities are required to treat plume due to low solubility
-  Oils partition into contaminant, inhibiting dechlorination

**Notes:**
The patent for zero valent iron dechlorination is enforced.  They charge a 15% royalty of the cost of the project! Not the metal used.  This is an additional 15% right off the top.

## The Advantages of HRC: 

**Compared to Organic Substrate Additions**
**(continued)**
- Soluble substrate additions (molasses, sugar, lactate, etc.):
-  Require costly routine applications due to high solubility
-  Require multiple wells for routine re-injection
- Constantly bio-foul

**Notes:**
The patent for zero valent iron dechlorination is enforced.  They charge a 15% royalty of the cost of the project! Not the metal used.  This is an additional 15% right off the top.

## The Advantages of HRC: 

**Compared to Organic Substrate Additions**
**(continued)**
- HRC presents a very low cost, diffusible, reliable treatment option compared to common substrate additions.
**HRC is generally  <1/2 the cost of  typical substrate addition programs**

**Notes:**
The patent for zero valent iron dechlorination is enforced.  They charge a 15% royalty of the cost of the project! Not the metal used.  This is an additional 15% right off the top.

## HRC Field Application

**HRC Field Application**

- HRC is a viscous, injectable substance.

## HRC APPLICATIONCASE HISTORIES

## Recirculating Well Study  USEPA SITE Program

**Recirculating Well Study**** **** USEPA SITE Program**

- HRC canisters were inserted into injection wells
- Circulation was maintained between the extraction and reinjection wells

- The efficacy of HRC was tested in a recirculation well as part of USEPA SITE Program

**Injection wells**

**Extraction wells**

## Pump off-line

**Pump off-line**

**Pump off-line**

**Pump Shut Off**

## Recirculating Well Study: Results

- Total contaminant mass decreased  **97%** by Day 206

**Initial Conc. (ppb) ****	****Conc. Day 206**

**TCE**

**VC**

**DCE**

**PCE**

**740**

**< 10**

**9,900**

**< 1**

**2,500**

**< 100**

**250**

**< 100**

**Average**

**Average**

- Vinyl chloride levels rose from an average of 250 ppb to 3,000 ppb as TCE and DCE decreased -- a strong indication of accelerated reductive dechlorination.  By Day 206, VC levels were reduced to <100 ppb.

## HRC Field Demonstration in Wisconsin  

-  Dry-cleaning operation in commercial location
-  Contaminated with high PCE levels (up to 20-25 ppm)
-  Sandy aquifer, groundwater velocity  .01--.10 ft/day
-  240 lbs. of HRC injected via 12 direct-push points in a
-   60 ft2 area

**HRC Field Demonstration in Wisconsin  **

## HRC Field Demonstration in WI:  Site Map

**HRC Field Demonstration in WI:  Site Map**

## HRC Field Demonstration in WI

-  Concentration ranges across site **decreased**
-    from** 8.3 - 20.0 ppm **to** .08 - 5.30 ppm **in** 9 months**
-  **TCE and DCE increased** in the first 120 days before
-    onset of subsequent degradation to VC and ethene
** ****Sulfate** mass **decreased 65%**
-  **Redox decreased **throughout treatment area
-  Vinyl chloride was detected and presumed to be
-   degrading continuously as concentrations averaged
-   only 1.32 ppb after nine months of treatment

**HRC Field Demonstration in WI**
- (Results)

## Slide 38

## PCE Mass Reduction Upon HRC Application 

**PCE Mass Reduction Upon HRC Application **

**GW**
**Flow**

## Daughter Product TCE Increases and Decreases 

**Daughter Product TCE Increases and Decreases **

**GW**
**Flow**

##  Daughter Product DCE Increases and Decreases  

**GW**
**Flow**

## HRC Field Demonstration in WI

**HRC Field Demonstration in WI**
**HRC Injection Diagram Overlaying Hydrogen Concentration Map at Day 149**

- HRC Application
- results in increased
- hydrogen concentrations
- in the aquifer: **2-8 nM**

## INSERT CASE STUDY AS NEEDED (Cleaners No.1 was here)

**Notes:**
- Env. Associates applied for closure for this site

## Is HRC right for your project?Follow these steps to find out

- Step #1 – Contact Regenesis Technical Support 	for a _free_ site evaluation, cost estimate and 	proposal.
- Step #2 – Evaluate free HRC Proposal, determine 	if it meets your requirements and goals
- Step #3 – If so, you can order HRC directly from 	Regenesis over the phone at (949) 366-8000

## Steps to obtaining HRC - contn’d

- Step #4 - HRC is typically shipped by truck, and is delivered in 30 lb. buckets
-        *Note: MSDS and installation instructions are supplied.
- Step #5 - Receive product and apply to your site.

## REGENESIS SUPPORT

**Regenesis offers support *****free***** of charge:**
**ORC engineering/design services**
**ORC application/installation tech support**
- _[www.regenesis.com](http://www.regenesis.com/)_
- Technical Bulletins with
- Case Studies
- Peer-reviewed Literature
- Download the Applications and Real Estate Software

## For More Information

**please contact us at:**

- (949)366-8000
- California, USA
- or go to
**www.regenesis.com**