# Presentation: 131349

## GIAC

***and***
***GPS Policy***

***Rick Yorczyk***
***NOAA - National Geodetic Survey***
***FGDC - Federal Geodetic Control Subcommittee***

**Notes:**
GIAC and GPS Policy

## The Global Positioning System:

**The Global Positioning System:**
**Management and Operation of a Dual Use System**
**Joint DOD/DOT Task Force**
**December 1993**

**Notes:**
GPS started about 20 years ago as primarily a military system. 

In 1993, the Secretaries of Defense and Transportation discussed the growing benefits of the Navstar GPS for both military and civil users. The directed a Joint DOD/DOT Task Force address GPS: Management and Operation of a Dual Use System.

Areas where GPS does not currently meet civil user expectation or where alternate management strategies have been recommended.

The Task Force recommended a GPS management structure which gave rise to GIAC, chartered in 1994.

## GIAC

**GIAC**
**GPS Interagency Advisory Council**

**Notes:**
GIAC functions:
 Federal forum in order to facilitate the communication of important issues related to Federal GPS users
 Collect and document all known Federal civil positioning, navigation, and timing uses of GPS and issues affecting such applications. 
 Evaluate the scope and potential impact of proposed DOD changes in GPS operation and management
 To address the broadest spectrum of applications and issues, GIAC representation shall be focused toward Federal agencies and their customers which includes state and local governments, academia, the private sector, consumers, and international users.
 Report GIAC activities through Federal bulletin boards, the Internet, agency newsletters, and various professional society publications, in order to keep both Federal and non-Federal civilian GPS users informed.

## FGDC/GIAC Relationship

**Federal Geographic Data Committee**
**(FGDC)**

**Fixed Reference Stations **
**Work Group**

**Vertical Reference Systems**
** ****Work Group**

**Instrument**
** ****Work Group**

**Methodology**
** ****Work Group**

**Spectrum**
**Issues**
** ****Work Group**

**FGDC/GIAC Relationship**

**Notes:**
The Secretary of the Interior, as Chair, Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC), and the Secretary of Transportation agreed to use FGDC as the organizational base for GIAC
FGCS is chaired by the Director, National Geodetic Survey (NGS), who is designated as Chair, GIAC, and a member of the DOT Pos/Nav Executive Committee.

FGCS and GIAC have effectively the same membership.

## GPS Interagency Advisory Council

**CHAIR**
**DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE**
**National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration**
**National Ocean Service**
**National Geodetic Survey**

**GPS Interagency Advisory Council**
**(GIAC)**

**      ****Federal Agencies**
**Including FGCS members**
**DOA**
**DOC**
**DOD**
**DOI**
**DOS**
**DOT**
**EPA**
**FCC**
**NASA.**
**NATIONAL CAPITAL PLANNING **
**COMMISSION**
**TVA**

**EXECUTIVE BOARD**
**POSITIONING & SURVEYING**
**USACE, BLM, NGS, USFS**
**GIS AND MAPPING**
**CENSUS, USGS**
**TIMING SYSTEMS**
**NIST, USNO**
**TRANSPORTATION/NAVIGATION**
**CGSIC**

**SUBCOMMITTEES**
**POSITIONING & SURVEYING APPLICATIONS**
**GIS & MAPPING APPLICATIONS**
**TIMING SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS**

**Notes:**
GIAC Structure

GIAC effectively has the same membership as the FGCS

Subcommittees are effectively subsumed by the FGCS subcommittees. 

## GPS Presidential Decision Directive Goals, 1996:

**  ****Strengthen and maintain our national security. **
**  ****Encourage acceptance and integration of GPS into peaceful civil, commercial and scientific applications worldwide. **
**  ****Encourage private sector investment in and use of U.S. GPS technologies and services. **
**  ****Promote safety and efficiency in transportation and other fields. **
**  ****Promote international cooperation in using GPS for peaceful purposes. **
**  ****Advance U.S. scientific and technical capabilities.**

**GPS Presidential Decision Directive Goals, 1996:**

**Notes:**
In 1996, the President put out a U.S. Global Positioning System Policy statement.  It directed that GPS be jointly managed as a national asset by the Interagency GPS Executive Board (IGEB).
 Strengthen and maintain our national security. 
 Encourage acceptance and integration of GPS into peaceful civil, commercial, and scientific applications worldwide. 
 Encourage private sector investment in and use of U.S. GPS technologies and services. 
 Promote safety and efficiency in transportation and other fields. 
 Promote international cooperation in using GPS for peaceful purposes. 
 Advance U.S. scientific and technical capabilities. 
 Strengthen and maintain our national security. 
  Encourage acceptance and integration of GPS into peaceful civil, commercial and scientific applications worldwide. 
  Encourage private sector investment in and use of U.S. GPS technologies and services. 
  Promote safety and efficiency in transportation and other fields. 
  Promote international cooperation in using GPS for peaceful purposes. 
  Advance U.S. scientific and technical capabilities. 

## GPS Management Structure

**Civil **
**Radionavigation**
**Policy**

**Federal **
**Non-Transportation**
**Positioning & Timing Interests**

**Primary Information**
**Exchange**
**with Users**

**Defense**
**Radionavigation**
**Policy**

**International **
**Issues**
**State Dept. Lead**

**Civil GPS**
**Service Interface**
**Committee**
**(CGSIC)**

**GPS Management Structure**

**Notes:**
IGEB Functions:
To accomplish its goals regarding the management of GPS and U.S. Government augmentations to GPS, the IGEB shall: 
 Review status and plans for continued development, acquisition, and operation that affect dual use. 	
 Approve management policies that affect dual use. 
 Resolve interdepartmental issues. 
 Provide periodic status reports to the President through the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology. 
 Consult with U.S. Government agencies, U.S. industry, and foreign governments involved in navigation and positioning system research, development, operation, and use. 

## CGSIC/GIAC

**CGSIC/GIAC**
**Relationship**

- CGSIC
- 	- concerned with influences on private and foreign users; and
- 	- serves as forum to exchange information between
- 	the Government and all civil users and
-             help identify civil user needs and issues for resolution.
- GIAC
- 	- concerned with the Federal sector;
- 	- allows limited non-Federal input, when Federal policy may
-              have a direct impact on civil usage of GPS; and
- 	- helps identify non-transportation Federal GPS positioning
- 	and timing needs and issues for resolution.

**Notes:**
GPS Interagency Advisory Council (GIAC) coordinates closely with the previously established Civil GPS Service Interface Committee (CGSIC), which has a related mission. 
CGSIC concentrates on issues related to information exchange and interfacing of the civil aspects of GPS between DOT and nonmilitary users, including foreign interests.  There is some necessary overlap between the two groups.  
To minimize duplication:
 CGSIC concentrates on activities which have the most direct influence on private and foreign users.  
 GIAC concentrates on matters which most directly effect the Federal sector and allows limited non‐Federal input, particularly when Federal policy may have a direct impact on civil usage of GPS. 
The two Chairs to maintain close communications and resolve unnecessary duplication.  
Each Chair serves on both Executive Boards. 

## GPS Modernization

**GPS Modernization**

## What users want from GPS:

**What users want from GPS:**
**Reliability **
**	****- Every where, all the time**
**Timeliness **
**	****- Real time or near real time**
**Accuracy**
**	****-?**

**Notes:**
What users want from GPS

Reliability - Everywhere, all the time

Timeliness- real time or at least near real time

Accuracy - what level of accuracy do you want

## Basic Civil Positioning: Before May 2000

- C/A Code on L1
- Selective Availability On

**100 m**

- GPS I, GPS II A, &GPS II R

**Notes:**
GPS I - initial generation of GPS started with Block I
GPS II A  - A for A
GPS II R - ‘R’ for replacement or replenishment 
These satellites had/have two frequencies
	- L1 at 1575.42MHz 
	- L2 at 1227.60MHz
For Standard Positioning Service Coarse Acquisition (C/A) Code modulated on the L1 frequency, with no augmentation
Selective availability on
100 meters accuracy

## Basic Civil Positioning: Now

- <date/time>

**Basic Civil Positioning: Now**

- C/A Code on L1
- Selective Availability Off

**6-11 m**

- GPS II R

**Notes:**
Now, since May 2000, when, at the president’s direction selective availability was turned off.

Under the same equipment and procedure scenario, accuracy increased by an order of magnitude to 6 - 11 meters

## Basic Civil Positioning: By 2009

- <date/time>

**Basic Civil Positioning: By 2009**

- C/A Code on L1
- Civil Code on L2

**3-5 m**

- GPS II R(M)

**Notes:**
The next step in GPS modernization:
GPS II R (M) - Enhanced (‘M’ for modified) block II R satellites.
A civil code will be added to L2
Accuracy 3 - 5 meters
First launch will be in 2003 
Full operational capability by 2009
Error caused by ionosphere effects should drop out

## Basic Civil Positioning: By 2014

- <date/time>

**Basic Civil Positioning: By 2014**

- C/A Code on L1
- Civil Code on L2
- New Code on L5

**1-3 m**

**Better resistance to interference**

- GPS II F

**Notes:**
By 2014, the next GPS modernization phase 
GPS II F - ‘F’ for follow on
will have full operational capability, with the first launch expected in 2005.
Note these classes of GPS constellations will overlap one another.

C/A Code on L1
Civil Code on L2
New Code on L5 - L5 will be a third civil signal.  
GIAC was instrumental in selecting the frequency for L5

Accuracy 1-3 meters in this mode.

## Basic Civil Positioning: 2018

**? **

- GPS III
- Full Operational Capability

**Notes:**
The next generation of GPS satellites, GPS III is in its early design phases.  
First launch is expected in 2009
Full operational capability will be in 2018

GPS III design consists of more than just the satellites and constellation, but the entire system ground base and augmentation.

Accuracy: a wall may be hit with pseudo range code measurements of about a meter, unless GPS gets greater band width. Will not be able to mitigate multipath.
Real time accuracy for carrier phase measurements may be in the sub-decimeter range.
What do users want?

## GPS Interagency Requirements Plan

**GPS Interagency Requirements Plan**

**Notes:**
GPS Interagency Requirements Plan
Drafted in the spring of this year (true?)

Charters the implementation of the direction give in the MOA between DOD and DOT, 
Civil Use of the Global Positioning System, Appendix 4:
Implementing Unique Civil Requirements (Aug. 12, 2000)

## GPS Interagency Requirements Process

**Validated **
**Military**
**Requirements**

**GPS Interagency Requirements Process**

**Validated **
**Civil **
**Requirements**

**Interagency Forum**
**for Operational**
**Requirements**
**(IFOR)**

**Notes:**
GPS Requirements Process
Military:
	JROC - Joint Requirements Oversight Council
	JRB - Joint Requirements Board
	JRP - Joint Requirements Panel
Civil:
	DOT Extended Pos/Nav Working Group
	DOT Extended Pos/Nav Executive Committee

	IROC - Interagency Requirements Oversight Council
	IRB - Interagency Requirements Board
	IFOR - Interagency Forum for Operational Requirements

Just getting started, IRB has not met yet (?) No GIAC chair on IFOR
IFOR has direct rep. from each department

##               Contacts

- NGS - www.ngs.noaa.gov/
- GIAC/FGCS - www.ngs.noaa.gov/FGCS/
- IGEB - www.igeb.gov/
- CGSIC -
- www.navcen.uscg.gov/cgsic/default.htm