# Presentation: 341164

## SECOND GENERATION BIOFUELS: A UK PERSPECTIVE

- Melvyn F. Askew
- Founder of Census-Bio
- Visiting Professor at Harper Adams University College
- Fellow of Central Science Laboratory

## DEFINITIONS

- Biofuels = replacement of gasoline or diesel, or in the longer term kerosene by bioresources

## European Union strategies for biorenewables

- Heat – Energy for the Future: Resources of Energy
- Liquid biofuels – A Strategy for Security of Energy Supply
- Whilst not competing for the same feedstocks at present these two markets could compete in the future

## THE UK MARKET FOR VEHICLE FUELS

- UK uses approximately 20 million tonnes per annum each of diesel and gasoline
- NB The diesel:gasoline split in private motoring in UK and wider EU is quite different from that of North America

## Liquid Biofuels in UK

- UK already produces biodiesel from vegetable oils. Operational capacity is <500,000 tpa.
- UK will produce bioethanol from simple sugars ( grain; sugar beet) soon.
- UK is likely to import some of its biofuel feedstocks or in the case of bioethanol, finished product e.g. From Brazil

## First Generation (Conventional) Biofuels.

| Biofuel Type | Specific Names | Biomass Feedstock | Production Process |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bioethanol | Conventional bioethanol | Sugar beet, grains | Hydrolysis & fermentation |
| Vegetable Oil | Pure plant oil (PPO) | Oil crops (e.g. rape seed) | Cold pressing/ extraction |
| Biodiesel | Biodiesel from energy crops

Rape seed methyl ester (RME), fatty acid methyl/ethyl ester (FAME/FAEE) | 

Oil crops (e.g. rape seed) | 

Cold pressing/ extraction & transesterification |
| Biodiesel | Biodiesel from waste FAME/FAEE | Waste/cooking/
frying oil/animal fat |  |
| Biogas | Upgraded biogas | (Wet) biomass |  |
| Bio-ETBE |  | Bioethanol |  |

## Imports of Biofuels to UK

- Currently primarily from Brazil
- In future:
-         Bioethanol from southern Africa
-         Biodiesel ( from Jatropha) from for      example India

## Jatropha species

## The UK Arable Cropping Area

- UK arable area is relatively small
- Reaching EU targets of 10% biofuels for 2010 will be challenging
- The food v. fuel debate is emerging

## Biofuel Vision for 2030.

## Technology roadmap: vision for biofuels for 2030+.

- 2005
- 1st Generation,
- e.g. biodiesel

- 2010/2020
- 2nd Generation,
- e.g. bioethanol and sunfuel

- 2030 and 2030+
- Integrated biorefineries

**A European Vision.**

## Second Generation Biofuels.

| Biofuel Type | Specific Names | Biomass Feedstock | Production Process |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bioethanol | Cellulosic bioethanol | Lignocellulosic material | Advanced hydrolysis & fermentation |
| Synthetic Biofuels | Biomass-to-liquids (BTL):
Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel
Synthetic (bio)diesel
Biomethanol
Heavier (mixed) alcohols
Biodimethylether (Bio-DME) | Lignocellulosic material
 | Gasification & synthesis |
| Biodiesel | Hydro-treated biodiesel | Vegetable oils & animal fat | Hydro-treatment |
| Biogas | SNG (Synthetic Natural Gas) | Lignocellulosic material
 | Gasification & synthesis |
| Biohydrogen  |  | Lignocellulosic material
 | Gasification & synthesis or biological process |

## Trees and Grassland.

## Second Generation Biofuels in UK

- Will not be commercialised until 2020 ?
- Will add value to the rural economy through the use of low level ‘wastes’
- Could cause market conflicts with bio-heat
- Will eventually lead to the introduction and commercialisation of fully integrated biorefining

## INDUSTRY IS CHANGING ITS FOCUS

-    -New power trains which demand synthetic fuels (BtL)
- -Biofuel vehicles eg (Ford and Saab E-85)
- -Lighter weight (lean) vehicles with lower fuel demands

## SAAB BIO POWER

## THE FUTURE

- If our target is to reduce fossil fuel demand reduce net CO2emissions/environmental impact of vehicles, then we must integrate our approaches and prioritise demands for land use.

## THE FUTURE

- We must look to integrated approaches!!

## Optimising Use of Bio-Resources.	

## Current Uses:

## Reduced speed = Reduced fuel consumption

## Slide 22