# Presentation: 461287

## Volpe Center Program in Aviation Air QualityTechnical Support to the Federal Aviation Administration

**Volpe Center Program in Aviation Air Quality****Technical Support to the Federal Aviation Administration**

**Brian Kim**
**Environmental Measurements and Modeling Division**
**Volpe National Transportation Systems Center**
**National Association of Environmental Professionals**
**27th Annual Conference**
**Dearborn, MI**
**June 26, 2002**

## Introduction

- Air Quality Facility - Environmental Measurements and Modeling Division
- Cambridge, MA
- Capabilities (emissions and dispersion)
- Measurements
- Modeling
- Analysis (validation)

## Local Versus Global

- LOCAL:  **E**missions and **D**ispersion **M**odeling **S**ystem (**EDMS**)
- Has been in existence for many years
- GLOBAL:  **S**ystem for assessing **A**viation’s **G**lobal **E**missions (SAGE)
- Brand new development in-house

**EDMS Logo**

**SAGE Logo**

## EDMS Overview

- Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS)
- Objective
- Assess air quality impacts of proposed airport development projects.
- FAA and EPA “preferred” model

## EDMS Overview

- Airside modeling
- Aircraft
- Stationary sources
- Ground Support Equipment (GSE)/Auxiliary Power Units (APU)
- Landside modeling
- Roadways
- Parking lots

**Airside Source**

**Landside Source**

## EDMS Overview

- Emissions modeling
- ICAO exhaust emissions databank (certification data)
- Dispersion modeling
- EPA Gaussian dispersion models
- EPA AERMOD dispersion model

- C =

- Q

- 2  u

- y

- z

- exp

- 1

- 2

- y

- 

- y

- 2

- exp

- 1

- 2

- z

- 

- z

- 2

- H

- exp

- 1

- 2

- z

- 

- z

- 2

- H

**Typical Gaussian Equation**

## LIDAR Measurements

**LI**ght **D**etection **A**nd **R**anging (LIDAR)
- Buoyancy of jet exhaust plume (little research) - not incorporated in EDMS
- Major US airport
- Objective:  plume shape and position
- Costs with equipment, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) conducted the measurements
- Volpe oversaw measurements and conducting analysis of results

## LIDAR Measurements

- Equipment
- Ozone Profiling Atmospheric Lidar (OPAL)
- High Resolution Solid State Doppler Lidar (HRDL)

**OPAL Trailer**

**HRDL Trailer**

## LIDAR Measurements

- Equipment and measurement
- Curently analyzing data; results to be included in next version of EDMS

**Real-time measurements using OPAL**

## Particulate Matter

- Background
- FAA’s need for better understanding
- Very little research
- Deutsche Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) and University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR)
- ICAO exhaust emissions databank reports smoke numbers (certification data)
- EPA PM standards are mass-based (i.e., mass/volume)
- Conducted a literature review of past research in order to make near-term recommendations

## Particulate Matter

- Findings from Literature Review
- Modern aircraft produce PM with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm.
- PM is composed of both volatile and non-volatile components.  The non-volatile components are more prevalent.
- Coagulation of particles over time results in a bi-modal distribution.
- PM emissions are affected by fuel flow, engine design, operating conditions, altitude, fuel composition, etc.

## Particulate Matter

- Recommended First Order Approximation
- Based on “Compound Factor” method.
- Combination of recommendations/methodologies put forth by DLR and UMR.
- Based on Smoke Number and fuel flow from curve-fitting using limited measured data.
- Volpe is currently working with FAA to gain approval for this recommendation from EPA.

## Screening Model

- Purpose
- Basic Requirements
- Conservative results
- Consistent with EDMS
- Simple GUI
- Emissions analysis only
- User options:  fleet mix, operations, taxi time
- Methodology
- EDMS database and computational core
- Visual Basic

**Screening Model Logo**

## Screening Model

- Development data
- Operations/passengers
- Vehicular traffic data

- Vehicular traffic = f (Aircraft operations)

## Screening Model

- Screenshot
- Initial prototype to be released later this year

**Example Screenshot from the Model**

## Concentration Measurements

- Background
- Validation of EDMS
- Major US airport
- January 2002
- Personnel (Volpe, FAA, UCF)
- Data
- Concentrations (carbon monoxide - CO)
- Aircraft movements
- Vehicular traffic movements

## Concentration Measurements

**Concentration Measurements**

- Equipment and measurement

**Minivol pump and canister assembly**

**Canisters Replaced in the Field**

**Typical Minivol Sampling Site**

## Concentration Measurements

- Equipment and measurement

**Two NDIRs (Front View)**

**Two NDIRs (3-D View)**

**Trailer Room Housing NDIRs**

## Concentration Measurements

**Concentration Measurements**

- Equipment and measurement

**Portable Differential GPS Unit**

**MET Equipment in Field**

**MET Equipment Near Trailer**

## Concentration Measurements

- Currently processing gathered data and setting up input parameters for EDMS
- Validation
- Comparisons to measured concentrations
- Sensitivity analysis

## SAGE Overview

- System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE)
- Objective
- Internationally accepted computer model used for estimating aircraft emissions and evaluating the effects of different policy and technology scenarios on aviation-related emissions, costs, and aircraft performance.
- Core use:  emissions inventories
- Policy use:  free-flight, improvements to air traffic management, etc.

## SAGE Overview

- Full range of flight modeling
- Enormous databases
- 300 CDs for one year’s worth of movements data
- Terabytes of data

**~ 30 million flights/year!**

**Indication that SAGE Models all Modes for every Flight**

## SAGE Overview

- SAGE technical components

**High-Level Overview of SAGE Components**

## SAGE Overview

**SAGE Overview**

- Developed computational core
- Initial results

**Initial Fuel Burn Comparisons for approximately 3000 flights**

## THE END