# Presentation: 892618

##  CKM Phases: φ1/β

***Measurements of large CPV in b************c c s modes***
***Studies in b************c c d modes ***
***Search for New Physics: CPV in b************s penguin modes***

*Tom Browder (University of Hawaii)*

- _

- _

- Belle and BaBar results

## KM ansatz: CPV is due to a complex phase in the quark mixing matrix:

## The B Physics Program

- Quark couplings are complex and lead to
- CP violation. *Is CP violation a result of*
*a single weak phase in the KM matrix ?** *
- Or is it a signal of  new interactions beyond
- the Standard Model ?
***Is there new physics in loop decays ?***

## Three Angles: (φ1,φ2,φ3)  or  (β, α, γ)

- Birthname: Matsui        Nickname: Godzilla
-       	          1	          
-       	          2	          
-       	          3	           

*Three Angles: (**φ**1**,φ**2**,φ**3**) ** or  *(β, α, γ)

- Notational Conventions

## 

***B******0***

***B******0***

***B******0***

**V****cb**

**V****tb**

**V***

**V***

**V****tb**

***J/*******

***J/*******

***K******S***

***K******S***

**sin*****2*********1***** *****from***** B************f******CP****** + B************B************f******CP****** *****interf*****.***

******V*****2**

**td**

****

**td**

**td**

**Sanda, Bigi & Carter:**

## Mixing-induced CPV asymmetry

******f*****= ******±*****1*****  for  CP=*********1**

***B******0***

***B******0***

**t**

***a.k.a***

## Principle of the Measurement

**t**** ******** ********z****/(cβγ) **

***Flavor-tag decay***
***(B******0****** or B******0****** ?)***

***J/*******

***K******S***

***  ******B - B****** ***
*** ******B + B***

***= (1-2w)sin2************1***

***= (1-2w)sin2************1***

***e*********

***e*********

***more B’s***

***more B’s***

******z**

***t=0***

***f******CP***

## with q=±1

*If there is **more than one diagram** and additional weak phases, there is the possibility of **direct CPV** and a new term with a cos(**ΔmΔt) time dependence.** *

- C(Babar)=-A(Belle)

## Requirements for CPV measmts.

_**Many B mesons**_**    [*****Br *****(B***********f*****CP****) ~ O(10********3 ****)]**
** ****2003: ****PEP-II******** 131  fb****-1 ****;**** ****KEKB ******** 158 fb****-1 ****, ****10% taken**
**below resonance.**
_**Reconstruct+isolate CP eigenstate decays**_
**Kinematic variables for signal +(***cont. bkg suppr+**PID***)****.**
_**Tag flavor of the other B**_
**Hierachial NN**** (Babar) or ****Likelihood**** (Belle) ****based flavor tagging **
_**Measure decay-time difference**_
**Asymmetric beam energies, high precision vertexing(****Δz)**
**Likelihood fit to the ********t distributions**

## The PEPII Collider (magnetic separation)

- The PEPII Collider (magnetic separation)

- 9 x 3.0 GeV; L=(6.5 x 1033)/cm2/sec

- On resonance:113 fb-1

- Int(L dt)=131 fb-1

## The KEKB Collider (8 x 3.5 GeV, X angle)

- <date/time>

- KEKB Collider

- The KEKB Collider (8 x 3.5 GeV, X angle)

- World record:
- L=(1.0 x 1034)/cm2/sec  Int(L dt)= 158 fb-1
- On-resonance 140 fb-1

- 12

## The BaBar Detector 

- The BaBar Detector

## Belle Detector

- / *K**L* detection
-  14/15 lyr. RPC+Fe

- Tracking + *dE/dx*
-   small cell + He/C2H5

- CsI(Tl) 16*X**0*

-  Aerogel Cherenkov cnt.
-  n=1.015~1.030

- Si vtx. det.
-  3 lyr. DSSD

- TOF counter

- SC solenoid
- 1.5T

- _Belle Detector_

- 8GeV *e*

- 3.5GeV *e*

## Kinematic variables for the Υ(4S)

***Energy difference:***

***Beam-constrained mass:***

******

## Belle 2003 : CP eigenstates (b ccs)

- 2911 events are used in the fit.

- BELLE-CONF-0344

- 140 fb-1 , 152 x 106 BB pairs

- _

## Belle 2003: B0 ψ KL signal

- pB* (cms)

- [2332 events with a purity of 0.60]

- Event display

- J/** KL

- 1399±67 signal

## Flavor-tag the other B meson

***Inclusive Leptons:***
***high-p l************       ******	******	******b************ c l************ *********
***intermed-p l******+******	****** ******	******  s  l***************
***Inclusive Hadrons:***
***high-p ************+******	******	******B******0************D******(*)************ ************+******, D******(*)************ ************+******, etc.***
***intermed-p K******+******	******	******     K******+****** X,           ***************************
***low-p ******************	******	******         ******     ******   D******0****** ***************

- Belle: Likelihood based approach, 28.7±0.5 %

- Babar: Neural Net based approach, 28.1±0.7 %

*Figure of merit(Q) =**ε(1-2 **w**)**2** **a.k.a effective tagging efficiency*

## Belle Tagging Performance with BD*+l- υ

***(OF-SF)/(OF+SF)***
***~(1-2 ******w******)cos(Δm t)***

*** ***

- 12 r-bins, 6 divisions in r.  B0 and B0 tags treated separately.

- _

- B0 –B0 mixing

- _

## Both experiments use double-sided silicon strip detectors to measure Δz.

- Both experiments use double-sided silicon strip detectors to measure Δz.
- [CM Boosts] Belle: βγ = 0.425        BaBar: βγ=0.56

- Beam spot: 110 μm x 5 μm x 0.35 cm

- Vertex resolutions(Belle): (σ(zcp) = 75μm;  σ(ztag) =140μm)

## New measurement of sin21 (Belle 2003)

- _New measurement of __sin2___1 (Belle 2003)

- 

- Raw asymmetry

- BELLE-CONF-0353

- sin21= _0.733__±0.057±0.028_

- |*ccs*| =1.007±0.041(stat)

*i.e.,*  consistent with no direct CPV.

- 140 fb-1

- 5417 evts

- Poor tags

- Good tags

## Compare CP odd and CP even (Belle 2003)

- sin21
-   = 0.73±0.06

- CP = 1 sample
- (*B*0*J*/*K**L*)
- sin21
-   = 0.80±0.13

- Raw asymmetry (all r-bins)

- BELLE-CONF-0353

## Measurement of sin21 (BaBar 2002)

- _Measurement of __sin2___1 (BaBar 2002)

- CP Eigenstate Sample

- hep-ex/0207042, PRL 89, 201802 (2002)

- 81 fb-1

## Status/history of results for sin(2φ1)/sin(2β) 

- Belle 140 fb-1 : sin(2φ1) =0.733±0.057±0.028

- BaBar 81 fb-1:   sin(2φ1) =0.741±0.067±0.033

- Belle 2001: sin(2φ1) = 0.99±0.14±0.06

- Babar 2001: sin(2φ1) = 0.59±0.14±0.05

*Now becoming a precision measurement*

- First signals for CPV outside of the kaon sector

## Current Belle and BaBar Results for sin(2φ1)

- sin21  (Belle 2003,140 fb-1) =0.733±0.057±0.028

- sin21  (BaBar 2002, 81 fb-1) =0.741±0.067±0.033

- sin21  (New 2003 World Av.)
-       =0.736±0.049

- Thanks to A. Hoecker

## CPV in b(c c d) decays

- _

- The same CPV phase as in B J/ψ KS but may have penguin pollution.

- Tree

- Penguin

- +

## CPV in b(c c d) decays: Bψ π0

- BaBar:

- Belle:

- CPV in b(c c d) decays: Bψ π0

- 88.6±10.0

- 8.2 peaking bkg

- 40±7

- _

- 140 fb-1

- 81 fb-1

## CPV in b(c c d) decays: Bψ π0

- BaBar 2003

- Belle 2003

- sin(2φ1eff )=0.72               ± 0.08

- hep-ex/0303018

- BELLE-CONF-0342

- sin(2φ1eff )=0.05±0.49±0.16

- _

- +0.37

- -0.42

** **

- D*D* transversity frame

**Angular PDF integrated over Φ****tr****,**

- Determination of the CP content
- of  BD*+ D*-

- Can extract the CP content from a fit to θtr

## Determination of the CP content of  BD*+ D*-

- BaBar:  B D*+ D*-

- BaBar: Rperp =0.063±0.055±0.009

- 156±14 signal

- Thus BD*+ D*- is mostly CP even

## CPV in b(c c d) decays: BD*+ D*-

- Babar 2003

- hep-ex/0303004

- sin(2φ1eff )=-0.05±0.29±0.10

- |λ|=0.75±0.19±0.02

- Consistent with 1 or no direct CPV

- 2.5 σ from bc c s, might indicate SM penguin contribution is present.

- _

- _

## CPV in b(c c d) decays: BD*+ D-

- BaBar

- hep-ex/0306052

-  C+-=-0.47± 0.40±0.12

- S+-=-0.82±0.75 ±0.14

- C-+=-0.22±0.37±0.10

- S-+=-0.24±0.69 ±0.12

- In the limit of no penguins and factorization.
- S-+=S+-= -sin(2φ1) and C-+=C+-=0

- _

## Belle 2003: Observation of D+ D-

- Yield : 24.3 ± 6.0
- Significance : 5.0
- Efficiency : 7.95 %
- BF : (2.46 ± 0.61 ± 0.42) x 10–4
- Control sample [BDsD]

*This **b****c c d** mode can also be used in the future for time dependent CPV analyses.*

- Belle

- _

- 140 fb-1

## Summary of CPV in b(c c d) decays:

*Errors are large for these modes so that it is difficult to verify whether there is large penguin pollution. **There is a *2.5 σ  “hint” for penguin pollution in Babar’s result for BD* D*

- sin(2φ1eff )

- _

- Old Belle value used

## Dreams of New Physics with CPV in rare B decays.

*Dreams of New Physics with CPV in rare B decays.*

- In the SM, for pure bs modes

- sin(2φ1)eff  = sin(2φ1)(Bψ KS)

## Hunting for new phases in  bs penguins

*Hunting for new phases in  b****s penguins*

***Large rates for exclusive and inclusive B************η******’ ******X******s  ******decays.***

*** ****B****  **η**’**K**S** *

## Search for New Physics in the B  η’KS   decay

*Search for New Physics in the B****  **η**’**K**S**   decay*

**Current WA: ****sin(2φ****1****)=0.731±0.056 **

**Babar: S****η’Ks ****= 0.02±0.34±0.03**

- BaBar 2003

- Belle 2003

- [140 fb-1]

- 244±21

- [81 fb-1]

- (A=-0.01±0.16±0.04)

- (A=-0.10±0.22±0.03)

## CPV in the B  K+ K- KS (bs) penguin decay. (no KS φ)

** ****+0.18**
** ****-0.00**

*CPV in the B****  **K**+** K**-** **K**S** (b****s) penguin decay. (no K**S** **φ)*

**In the absence of New Physics, S****KKKs ****= sin (2φ****1****) **

**Current WA: ****sin (2φ****1****)=0.731±0.056 **

- 200±xx

***The third error is due to uncertainty in the CP content.***

- Belle 2003:[140 fb-1]

- Belle

- 199±18

- (A=-0.17±0.16±0.04)

## Hunting for phases from new physics 

- Hunting for phases from new physics

- Theoretically cleanest example:

- In the SM, sin(2φ1)eff  = sin(2φ1) (Bψ KS )

- Belle

- 68±11

- 140 fb-1

- 110 fb-1

- 70±9

## 2002 Status of new phases in  bs penguins

*2002 Status of new phases in  b****s penguins*

## BaBar 2003:CPV in Bφ KS

- BaBar 2003: 110 fb-1

- BaBar 2003: sin2φ1eff (*φ K**S**)* = +0.45±0.43±0.07

- (A=0.38±0.37±0.12)

## BaBar 2003:Bφ KS  Systematic Issues

- sin2φ1eff (*φ K**S**)* = -0.18±0.51±0.09

- sin2φ1eff (*φ K**S**)* = +0.45±0.43±0.07

- 81 fb-1:

- 110 fb-1:

*Data size increased and was reprocessed. Extensive checks with data and Toy MC. The large change is attributed to a 1**σ **statistical fluctuation.*

## BaBar 2003:Bφ KS  Systematic Issues

*BaBar 2003:B****φ K**S ** Systematic Issues*

- Systematics are small and well understood from bc cbar s studies

## Belle 2003: CP Asymmetry in Bφ KS

*Belle 2003: CP Asymmetry in B****φ K**S*

- Poor tags

- Good tags

## Belle 2003: CP Asymmetry in Bφ KS

*Belle 2003: CP Asymmetry in B****φ K**S*

- Poor flavor tags

- Good flavor tags

- 140 fb-1

## Belle 2003: CP Asymmetry in Bφ KS

*Belle 2003: CP Asymmetry in B****φ K**S*

- 3.5σ off

- +0.09

- -0.11

**Current WA: ****sin(2φ****1****)=0.731±0.056**

- Belle

- 140 fb-1

- (A=-0.15±0.29±0.07)

## Belle 2003: CP Fit for B±φ K± Control Sample

- No sin-like asymmetry.

## Systematic issues in the Belle Measurement of CPV in Bφ KS

- CP in the background: (7.2±1.7)% K K KS

- : (1.6         )% f0 KS

-  +1.9

-  -1.5

- (measured)

- Correlation between A and S  ? A=-0.15 ±0.29±0.07

- If A is fixed to zero, S=-0.99±0.50

- These effects are included in the systematic error

## Belle 2003: CP Asymmetry in Bφ KS

- sin2φ1eff(*φ K**S**)*

- Feldman-Cousins treatment including systematic from CP in the background  finds the ψ KS value ruled out at 99.95% CL or 3.5 σ

- SM

## BaBar: CPV with B0  Ks 0  [bs d dbar]

**BaBar: CPV with B****0**** ******** K****s**** ********0  ****[b********s d dbar]**

- Reconstruct B ****** K****s**** ********0** vertex using Ks trajectory and *boost* trajectory

- Ks

- +

- -

- 0

- e+

- e-

*boosted *(4s)

- z

- mES

- asymmetry

**In the absence of **
**New Physics, S**** ****= sin(2φ****1****)**
**=0.731±0.056**

## Sensitivity to new physics phases

- The “Killer App” for the super B Factory

## Conclusions

*New precise measurement of sin(2**φ**1**) from Belle in b****c c s modes. **Large CPV measured in these decays by BaBar and Belle consistent with the CKM framework.*

*Measurements of CPV in b****c c d modes not yet precise enough to detect whether there is penguin pollution. *

- CPV in bs penguins: a surprise in Bφ KS. Belle finds a 3.5σ deviation from the SM while BaBar moves closer towards the SM.

- _

- _

## Backup Slides

## Belle 2003: Table of sin2φ1 values for bc cbar s CP eigenstates.

- Belle 2003: Table of sin2φ1 values for bc cbar s CP eigenstates.

- BELLE-CONF-0353

## Belle 2003: Table of yields for bc cbar s CP eigenstates.

- Belle 2003: Table of yields for bc cbar s CP eigenstates.

- BELLE-CONF-0353

## Belle 2003: Systematic Uncertainties for bs CPV modes

**   **
** ****	****	****	****	****S****	****A ****	****S****	****A****	****S****	****A**
** ****Wtag fractions****	****	****±****0.018****	****±0.007****	****±0.005****	****±0.006****	****±0.005****	****±0.007**
** ****Physics parameters****	****±0.033****	****±0.002****	****±0.006****	****±0.002****	****±0.003****	****±0.003**
** ****Vertexing****	****	****	****±0.022****	****±0.046****	****±0.016****	****±0.027****	****±0.044****	****±0.024**
** ****Background fraction****	****±0.053****	****±0.035****	****±0.045****	****±0.026****	****±0.029****	****±0.036****	**
** ****Background ********t ****	****	****±0.015****	****±0.008****	****±0.003****	****±0.003****	****±0.010****	****±0.006**
** ****Resolution function****	****±0.013****	****±0.005****	****±0.004****	****±0.003****	****±0.007****	****±0.004**
** ****KKKs + f****0****Ks bkg.****	****	****+0.001****	****±****0.039**
**	****	****	****	****-0.084****	**
**    ****Sum****	****	****	****	****+0.09****	****±****0.07****	****±****0.05****	****±0.04****	****±0.05****	****±0.04**
** **** ****	****	****	****	****-0.11**

**.**

******Ks**

******'Ks**

**KKK**

** **

- Belle 2003: Systematic Uncertainties for bs CPV modes

- Systematics are small and well understood from bc cbar s studies

## Belle vs BaBar 

- Belle: sin2φ1eff (BφKS) =
- BaBar: sin2φ1eff (BφKS)=+0.45±0.43±0.07
- There is a 2.1 σ discrepancy between the exps.
- Average =-0.15±0.33 (Still 2.7σ from the SM)

## Mystery of  Large Inclusive Bη’ Xs

**B********η’ X****s ****=(6.8         ±1.0 ****–0.5**** )x 10****-4**

**+0.7**
**-1.0**

**c.f. Babar: hep-ex/0109034:**

*Mystery of  Large Inclusive **B****η**’** X**s*

- “gluon anomaly”

## “3-body”

*BaBar: B****η**’ **X**s **inclusive*

*QCD anomaly***: e.g D.Atwood and A.Soni, W.S. Hou and Tseng**
**Kagan+Petrov: CLEO ****Υ(1S) ****data show that the ****η****’**** gg form factor falls off too fast. [c.f. Ali+Parkhomenko, E. Kou]**

- “3-body”

- BaBar

## Signals for Belle bs CPV analysis.

- Signals for Belle bs CPV analysis.

- Signals for BaBar b->s

## B0  KKKS : CP = 1 Mixture

***K*******

***K******S***

***B*****0**

*J*=0

*J*=0

*J*=0

*J*=0

****

****

***CP***** = (********1)******

*decay*

*CP* = +1

*CP* = +1

***K*****+**

***CP *****= ****1 fraction is equal to that of ********=even/odd**

- Since *B*0  *K**K**K**S* is 3-body decay,
- the final state is a mixture of *CP* = 1.
- How can we determine the admixture ?

## B0  KKKS : CP = 1 Content 

** **-even** **fraction in |*K*0*K*0> can be determined by |*K**S**K**S*> system
- Add *K* + to above kets

- Using isospin symmetry

- =1.026±0.15(stat)±0.05(sys)

- 100          % CP Even

- +0

- -15

## Belle 2003: CP Asymmetry in Bφ KS

*Belle 2003: CP Asymmetry in B****φ K**S*

- All r bins

## Belle 2003: CP Asymmetry in BK+K- KS

*Belle 2003: CP Asymmetry in B****K**+**K**-** K**S*

## Belle 2003: CP Asymmetry in Bη’ KS

## Belle 2003: Toy MC studies of the errors for Bφ KS

- Errors are slightly larger than expected.

## Belle 2003: CPV in bs modes (additional details)

- Belle 2003: CPV in bs modes (additional details)

## Belle 2003: CPV in bs modes (additional details)

- Belle 2003: CPV in bs modes (additional details)

## Limits on  and search for CP, T, CPT violation in mixing

- Limits on  and search for CP, T, CPT violation in mixing

- (CP/T violation)

- (CP/CPT violation)

## Search for New Physics in the B  η’KS penguin decay.

**+0.05**
**-0.06**

*Search for New Physics in the B****  **η**’**K**S** penguin decay.*

**In the absence of New Physics, S****η’Ks ****= sin (2φ****1****) (a.k.a. sin(2β))**

**Current WA: ****sin(2φ****1****)=0.734±0.055 **

- N(’*K**S*)=146±12

**Babar: S****η’Ks ****= 0.02±0.34±0.03**

- Belle

## Control samples:Resolution Parameters and B0 and B Lifetime

- Control samples:Resolution Parameters and B0 and B Lifetime

-         B0 = 1.533  0.008(stat) ps
-     (PDG2003  1.537      0.015)
-         B+ = 1.634  0.011(stat) ps
-     (PDG2003   1.671      0.018)

- B0

## 2002 Status of  new phases in  bs penguins

-  Babar: sin2φ1eff = -0.18±0.51 ±0.09

*WA: s**in2*φ1*eff** (φ K**S**) = -0.38 ±0.41*

*2002 Status of  new phases in  b****s penguins*

- 2.7σ off

- (hep-ph/0209290), J-P Lee, K. Y. Lee; (hep- ph/0208226) B. Dutta, C.S. Kim and S. Oh; (hep-ph/0208091), M. Raidal; (hep-ph/0208087), M. Ciuchini, L. Silvestrini; (hep-ph/0208016), A. Datta;(hep-ph/0208005), H. Murayama;( hep-ph/0207356), G. Hiller; (hep-ph/0207070), M-B. Causse; (hep-ph/0208080) Y. Nir ....

- Belle

## BaBar 2002:Bφ KS

*BaBar 2002:B****φ K**S*

- BaBar 2002: 81 fb-1

- Babar 2002: sin2φ1eff (*φ K**S**)* = -0.18±0.51±0.09