# Presentation: 607959

## Ground-based real time monitoring of eruption clouds in the western Pacific

- K. Kinoshita, S. Tsuchida, C.Kanagaki
- (Kagoshima Univ.),
-  A. Tupper (Darwin VAAC),
- E. Corpuz & E. Laguerta (PHIVOLCS)

- 2nd International Conf. on Volcanic Ash and Aviation Safety,
- June 21-24, 2004, Washington, D.C.

## We discuss the markedvolcanoes in Japan and Mayon in the Philippines.

- We discuss the markedvolcanoes in Japan and Mayon in the Philippines.

- Volcanoes in Japan are well monitored recently by JMA,
- univ. researchers etc., and    volunteers.

## Ground Observation: Why and How ?

- Height information of eruption clouds is decisive for the prediction of ash flow
- Speculate the flow of poisonous gas
- Understand the ejection activity
- Interval recording of the whole scene of volcanic cloud with some distance, and archiving.
- Real time monitoring via Internet, if possible.
**See new booklet by Kagoshima group!**

## Methods of interval recording

## Ground NIR observation

**IR-84**

- Video Camera
- Network Cam.

## Advantages for NIR observation

- Not obscured by sea-haze
- Clairvoyant observation from long distance
- Distinguish aerosols more clearly than visible obs.
- Detect hot anomaly
- Detect vegetation damage by ash, gas and lava

## Visible vs. NIR

- Satsuma-Iojima
- From a boat
- Sharp VN-EZ5

- Not obscured by sea-haze

## Clairvoyant observation ofKirishima Volcanoes 48 km awayby NIR

- Visible

## Close up of Takachiho peak 48 km away

- NIR
- vs.
- Visible
- 14 Jan. 2004

## AerosolSakurajima, 9.8 km away

- NIR
- Red
- Green
- 2 Dec. 2003 at 8:00

## Mayon Volcano (2460 m)

- NIR vs. Vis.

## Monitoring of Mayon Volcano

- Network cameras and Video camera

- Network system (local)

## Vis. and NIR monitoring scenes

- Visible Camera: Axis2120
- every 10 minutes during 5:30 and 18:30

- NIR Camera:
- Axis2420IR-Sensitive +IR-84
- every one-hour continuously

- from 11km away

##  Internet Connectionsince April 2004

## Digital Camera every one hour during 22 June – 16 Aug. 2003

## Diurnal variation of plume heightduring 24 June –16 Aug. 2003

- time

- h
- (m)

## Video camera recording, 1⁄2 sec every 10 min. since 22 June 2003

## Summary of Mayon Observation

- Interval recordings by digital camera and video camera, since 22 June 2003.(Good views are rather limited in the morning and evening )
- NIR and Vis. Network camera with local storage, since 23 Feb. 2004
- Internet connection since April 2004
_*See*_
- http://arist.edu.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/volc/mayon/
- Paper III in the booklet, June 2004

## Active Volcanoes in SW Japan

- Satsuma-Iojima

- Suwanosejima

- By Dr. Fukuzumi

## Ground and Satellite Observation of Eruptions at Suwanosejima Volcano

- 8 Aug. 2002 at 11:00JST

- Suwanosejima is a volcano currently in eruption to the south of Kyushu.
- We set a network camera on 6 Aug. 2002 at  Nakanoshima, 25 km NE from the crater.
- See Paper IX in the booklet.

## Eruption clouds at Suwanosejima

- Especially active in 2002,
- erupting many times almost every day in August

- 7 Aug. 2002 10:30JST

## 8 Aug. 2002 10:40-12:00 by Network camera at Nakanoshima, 25 km NE from the crater

## 10 Aug. 2002 14:40-16:40 by Network camera(6 Aug.-)

- 10 Aug. 2002 14:40-16:40 by Network camera(6 Aug.-)

## 14 Aug. 2002, 6:20-7:20 by Network camera

## 19 Aug. 2002 eruptions, reports, photo

- At Suwanosejima Port

- At Suwanosejima school

- JMA issued Volcano Advisory No. 1 on Suwanosejima in the morning of 19 Aug.
- Volcanic lightning, thunder and a red sky were observed on the summit of Suwanosejima – Otake (799m) on the night of 20 Aug.
- Ash fell in Naze city, Amami-oshima, 140km SSW of Suwanosejima on 20-21 Aug.

**VAAC Pilot Report**
**Volcanic Ash Cloud**
-  09:35JST    1800m
-  11:34JST   1800m
-  14:28JST    2400-2700m
-  14:34JST    2400-2700m

- Network camera at 13:40

## 19-20 Aug. 2002, Terra-MODIS infrared images

- ‘Aerosol Vapor Index ‘(‘split window’, 12-11 m) 19 Aug. 2002 at 23:05 JST

- 3.7, 11, 12 m image, 20 Aug. 2002 at 22:10 JST

## 19 Aug. 2002 plumes, NOAA/AVHRR

- 08:26JST

- 13:11JST

- 16:00JST

- 17:42JST

- 18:25JST

- 19:41JST

## NIR Network camera since 18 Feb. 2004

-  29 Apr. 2004, 12:00

-  9 Apr. 2004, 9:00

## Automatic long-time recording without AC power supply by Digital camera package

- It runs every one hour recording for 130 days by a Li-ion battery pack

## Record from crater rim

- Every 20 min. during 12:22 –15:42 on 28 Jan. 2004

- Suwanosejima

## Interval recording at Satsuma-Iojima

- Observation Station: 3 km WSW from the summit crater,
- since 23 July 1998

- Video camera         Digital camera
-   SONY DCR-TRV900    SHARP MD-PS1

- -> NIR mode by DCR-TRV-30

- -> Ricoh Caplio G4 wide

** ****UPS**

## Digital camera records at Satsuma-Iojima

## Hot anomaly (?) by NIR camera

- After sunset

- DCR-TRV30 & IR-85(KENKO)

## NIR Web Camera at Satsuma-iojimasince Feb. 2003

- aerosol

- Creative Webcam plus  & IR-84

## Sakurajima Observation Points

- A, B, C, Iso, Ta : Plume observation points
**+ **gas** **monitoring stations

## Interval recordings at Sakurajima

- A: Web Cam. (Dec. 2000-)
- B: Video rec. (Sept. 1987-, to DVD).
- C: Video rec. (Nov. 1994-), Net. Cam (Mar. 2003-)
- Ta:Dig. Cam. (Dec. ‘98-Fe. ‘03). Net. Cam.(Feb. ‘03-)

- 99-12-03 08:00

- 99-12-03 09:00

## Sakurajima plume exhibiting mountain lee wave, observed from B

## Lee waves, observed from B

- Jan. 12, 1995, 8:03 JST

- Aug. 19, 1990

## Miyakejima

**Eruptions since July 8, 2000, with big ones in Aug. 2000**
**Enormous SO****2**** ejection since mid-Aug. 2000**
** ****Inhabitants evacuation since September 2000**
**SO****2**** detected 100-400 km leeward in mainland Japan**

## Miyakejima from Mikurajima and the air

- by Dr. Terada

## Gas monitoring stations in Miyakejima

- A : Nov. 2000 -
- B : mid-Sept. 2001 -
- C : Mar. 2002 -
- D : Apr. 2004 - 4 more added

## 1 hour value of SO2 > 1ppm vs. wind direction at 925 hPa at 120km away 

-         %
- A1   0.4
- B1   5.6
- C1   8.7
- C2   7.7
- A2   9.7
- C3   0.4
- B2   0.2
- C4   2.6
- A3   0.8
- B3   0.6

## Vegetation Damage in Miyakejima ASTER images on 7 April 2003

- Red: 0.63-0.69 m.  (b) NIR: 0.78-0.86 m. (c) NDVI

## Concluding remarks

- Long-time automatic observation by the cameras from the ground, combined with satellite images, is useful for the studies of volcanic clouds and gas.
- The use of NIR band has opened a new era of the ground observation.
- Real time monitoring from the ground is important for aviation safety, disaster prevention of inhabitants and avoidance of ash and gas damages far away.

## Thank you very much !

- Booklets
- Volcanic Eruption Clouds in the Western Pacific
- - Ground and satellite based observations and analyses -
- Flow and Dispersion of Volcanic Clouds (2001)
- Homepages
- http://arist.edu.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/volc/index-e.html
- http://arist.edu.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/sing/index-e.htm
- Asian Dust Events
- http://arist.edu.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/adust/kosa-e/kosa-e.htm

## Appendix: Eruption cloud height estimate and simulation

- For pilots training by SiPSE-3D