# Presentation: 657648

## Energy Efficient Buildings

** ****for High Tech Industries - An Integrated R&D and Market Transformation Program **
- Dale Sartor
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
-  Environmental Energy Technologies Division
-  Applications Team

## Dale Sartor, P.E.

- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Applications Team
- MS 90-3011
- University of California
- Berkeley, CA 94720
- _[DASartor@LBL.gov](mailto:DASartor@LBL.gov)_
- (510) 486-5988
- http://Ateam.LBL.gov

## What Is The Applications Team?Diverse Group from LBNL 

***Research Staff***
***+***
***In-House Energy Management***
***=***
***A-Team***

## Why The High-Tech Buildings Sector?

**Unique environmental needs ***...very energy intensive*

**Why The High-Tech Buildings Sector?**

**Significant efficiency improvement opportunities**  *...1 billion therms/year, 40 billion kWh/year, 10 GW*
*	**...**new construction: 2 therms/sf, 90 kWh/sf, 20 W/SF*

## Energy Use by Building Type

**Energy Use by Building Type**

## States with the Largest Number of Cleanrooms

- California
- New York
- Texas
- Ohio
- Illinois

## Opportunities are SignificantCleanroom End-Use Energy Breakdowns

## Opportunities Are RealLBNL Example:

- 40% reduction in energy use per square foot from 1985 baseline
- $4 million/year more research based on 1985 energy prices
- Improved worker productivity
- Safer environment
- Improved reliability

## LBNL Leads an Integrated R&D and Market Transformation Initiative

- High-Tech Buildings Initiative Sponsors:
*Pacific Gas & Electric Co.*
*San Diego Gas and Electric Co.*
*California Institute for Energy Efficiency*
*California Energy Commission*
*Montana State University*
*Department of Energy (BTS and FEMP)*
*Environmental Protection Agency*
*Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance*
*New York State Energy Research & Development Authority*
*Private Industry (Organizations and Companies)*

**LBNL Leads an Integrated R&D ****and ****Market Transformation Initiative**

## Representative Initiatives 

-   Information Technology – Design Intent Tool
-   Benchmarking Protocols and Tools
-   High Performance Fume Hood
-   Labs for the 21st Century Tool Kit

## Information Technology:Design Intent Documentation Tool

**Objective:**
- 	Capture design intent information & performance expectations for use throughout the building’s life-cycle.

## Design Intent Documentation Feeds into Building Life-Cycle Information System

- BLISS Performance Tracking:

**2**

## Design Intent Tool

## Design Intent Tool Status 

-   Beta version completed
-   450 Copies distributed in October
-   Available on CD or downloadable from web

**Next Steps**

-   Transfer to market (transformation)
-   Testing and enhancements
-   Training
-   New templates for other building types

## Benchmarking Protocol and Tools

- Performance Metrics
- Database
- Feedback Mechanisms

**Objective****:**
- 	Provide feedback to designers and operators of actual building loads and performance (reduce oversizing)

## Laboratory Energy Performance Metrics

## Benchmarking Can Help Establish Efficiency Goals	

- Energy Budget
- Total facility
- End use
- Efficiency Targets for key systems/components
- Cfm/KW
- KW/ton
- Pressure drop

## Recirculation Air Comparison

## What is the cost impact?

## Design Intent Document

## Benchmarking Status 

-   Metrics identified and tested
-   First generation databases developed
-   Small sample sizes yielding valuable information

**Next Steps**

-   Increase sample sizes
-   Refine reporting
-   Automate web based benchmarking tool(s)
-   Develop model based benchmarking (EER)

## Fume Hood Containment - High Performance Hoods

**Objective:**
- 	Reduce fume hood air flow requirements at least 50%

## Standard Fume Hood Designs

**Exhaust system induces airflow through hood.**
**Airflow through hood’s open sash is ~100 FPM**
**Supply air must “make up” combined hood exhaust**
**Consequently, large air volumes are conditioned and expelled from laboratories 24/7**
**Fume hoods *****typically***** “drive” system sizing **

## =

_**Fume Hood Energy Consumption**_

## Air Divider Technique

**(Sectional view)**
**Low-turbulence Intensity**
**Displacement ventilation**
**Push-Pull Containment**
**U.S. Patent# 6,089,970**

## Smoke containment...

**Smoke visualization test at 30% “normal” flow**

## Smoke in Supply Plenums...

**Ejector: **
**	****8L/min.**

**Exhaust: **
**	****40% “normal” flow**

**Breathing Zone: **
**	****18 inches**

## Montana State University

**Adapted standard Fisher-Hamilton hood**
**Installed Berkeley hood September 2000**
**Berkeley hood tested per ASHRAE 110**
**Passed standard ASHRAE 110 tests per ANSI Z9.5 recommendations**

***Fisher-Hamilton alpha prototype Berkeley Hood.***

## University of California, San Francisco

**Adapted standard Labconco hood**
**Installed Berkeley hood November 2000**
**Berkeley hood tested per ASHRAE 110**
**Passed standard ASHRAE 110 tests per ANSI Z9.5 recommendations**

***Researcher working at Berkeley hood.***

## San Diego State University

**Adapted standard Labconco hood**
**Extensively tested hood per ASHRAE 110**
**Passed standard ASHRAE 110 tests per ANSI Z9.5 recommendations**
**Performed advanced challenges including cross drafts**
** ****Evaluated experimental tracer gas devices**
**Three experts and inventor contributed**

***Berkeley hood in testing and ready for shipping.***

## LBNL supported by the following organizations:

- U.S. Department of Energy

- California Institute for Energy Efficiency

- Pacific Gas and Electric

- California Energy Commission

- Montana State University

## High Performance Fume Hood Status 

-   Patents issued
-   Partnering with hood and control manufacturers
-   Field tests underway

**Next Steps**

-   Scale up size
-   Increase number of demonstrations
-   Overcome institutional barriers
-   Side-by-side testing

## Laboratories for the 21st Century Design Tool Kit

- An Internet-accessible compendium containing the following tools:
- Guides to energy efficient laboratory design.
- Design intent tool.
- (Future) national database with performance metrics for laboratory energy use.
- Case studies.
- Links to other related Web sites

## Lab Design Guide – Reference Manual

**Lab Design Guide – Reference Manual**

## Labs21 Tool Kit Status 

-   Design Guide and other tools available on web

**Labs 21 ready to partner with States**

-   Training
-   Introductory workshop (existing)
-   Advanced hands on tool training
-   Tool enhancement and development
-   Demonstrations

## Overcoming Institutional Barriers

- Energy is a controllable cost
- First cost bias
*    ...**Buildings outlive process*
- Outdated rules of thumb and common beliefs
- Codes and Standards
- 	*...**e.g. face velocity does not equal safety*

## Summary

**Summary**

**Hi-Tech Industries are important**
- ...growing economic driver in most (all?) states
**Cleanrooms/Laboratories are energy intensive**
- ...huge energy savings opportunities
**An integrated R&D and MT approach is ideal**