# Presentation: 010612

## Data on:      Race and 
		Hispanic Origin

- Data on:      Race and
- 		Hispanic Origin

- Data on:      Race and
- 		Hispanic Origin

**Notes:**
The purpose of this presentation is to:
Explain how data on race and Hispanic or Latino origin were collected in Census 2000.
• Explain why the Census 2000 data on race are not directly comparable with data from 1990 and previous censuses.
 Explain the difference between the concepts of race and Hispanic or Latino origin.
• Illustrate how the race tables are shown in Census 2000 data tabulations.

Racedata3_9_3_27.ppt

## Population Growth: 1990’s

- U.S. population grew in both size and racial & ethnic diversity.
- Census 2000 showed that the U.S. population on April 1, 2000 was 281.4 million.
- This is a 13 percent increase over the 248.7 million people counted in the 1990 census.

**Notes:**
•The population of the U.S. grew not only in size during the 1990s, but also in terms of racial & ethnic diversity.
• Census 2000 showed that the U.S. population on April 1, 2000 was 281.4 million. 
• This is a 13 percent increase over the 248.7 million people counted in the 1990 census.
•  ?   people indicated White Alone. An additional  ?  People identified as White in Combination with 1 or more race groups
•   ??  People indicated Black or African American Alone. An additional  ??  People identified as Black or African American in combination with 1 or more race groups.
• ?? People indicated American Indian and Alaska Native alone. An additional ?? Of people identified as American Indian and Alaska Native in combination with 1 or more race groups. 
• ?? people indicated Asian alone. An additional  ?? People identified as Asian in combination with 1 or more race groups.
• ??? People indicated Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone. An additional ??? People identified as Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander in combination with 1 or more race groups

## 1997: Revised standards for collecting data on race and ethnicity

Census 2000: Respondents could report more than one race

- Census 2000: Respondents could report more than one race

**Data Collection: ****New Federal Guidelines**

## Federal Guidelines and Census 2000

**Major Changes**
- Hispanic or Latino asked before race
- Respondents could select more than one race
- American Indian and Alaska Native combined
- Asian and Pacific Islander category split
- Asian
- Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

**Notes:**
As a result of the new Federal guidelines, there were several changes to the Census 2000 questionnaire.  
The question on whether a person is Hispanic or Latino was asked before race. In 1990 it followed the race question. [Speaker Note: Research has shown that Hispanics do not select the "Other" race category as often when this sequencing is used.] 
Respondents could choose more than one race to identify themselves.
The American Indian and Alaska Native categories were combined. In 1990 there were separate categories for American Indian, Eskimo and Aleut.
The 1990 Asian or Pacific Islander category was split into Asian and Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander

## New Federal Guidelines: Implications 

- More and improved information on racial and ethnic diversity
- Census 2000 race data are _**not directly comparable**_ with data from 1990 and previous censuses

**Notes:**
What do the new guidelines mean for the Census 2000 data on race and ethnicity? 
The changes to the way race and ethnicity are collected make for improved and more accurate information. 
And allowing people to report more than one race adds to our knowledge about racial diversity of the United States.

It also means that Census 2000 race data are not directly comparable with data from 1990 and previous censuses.

##  Why a Question on Race?

- Various Federal Programs Require Data on the Racial Make-Up of the Community
- Federal Affirmative Action Plans
- Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Reporting
- Community Reinvestment Act Reporting
- Veterans Benefits
- Public Health Service Act Needs

**Notes:**
The Census has included a question on race since the first census in 1790.

The data are used to apply for, to report on, or to monitor compliance with a variety of Federal programs, including the ones shown on this slide.

## Census 2000 Question on Race

**Notes:**
The Census 2000 question on race included 15 separate response categories and 3 areas where people could write in a more specific race group.
      White
      Black, African American or Negro
      American Indian or Alaska Native
    7 Asian categories
    Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
With the concurrence of the Office of Management and Budget, the Census Bureau added an additional race category: Some Other Race.
American Indians and Alaska Natives could write in their tribe; Other Asian, other Pacific Islander and persons indicating Some other Race could also provide a write-in entry.

## Some Other Race

- Respondents providing write-in entries, such as, multiracial, mixed, interracial, or a Hispanic or Latino group are included in the “Some Other Race” category
- In Census 2000 about 43 percent of Hispanics or Latinos classified themselves as “Some Other Race”
- In Census 2000, 97 percent of the people who reported as “Some Other Race” were Hispanic or Latino.

**Notes:**
Respondents providing write-in entries, such as, multiracial mixed, interracial, or a Hispanic or Latino group are included in the “Some Other Race” category.

About 43 percent of Hispanics or Latinos classified themselves as “Some Other Race” in Census 2000.

In 2000, 97 percent of the people who reported as “Some Other Race” were Hispanic or Latino.

Speakers Note:
   - Hispanic or Latino is defined as an ethnic characteristic              	rather than a race and
   - People of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race
   - Data on Hispanic or Latino population are obtained from a 	separate question on Hispanic origin

**Census 2000: Hispanic or Latino**

**Notes:**
Hispanic or Latino origin was a separate question on the Census 2000 questionnaire. Persons of Hispanic or Latino background may be of any race. 

Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin could further define their ethnicity by checking one of four boxes:
 Puerto Rican
 Mexican
 Cuban
 Other Spanish/Hispanic/Latino,
and could write in the group or country of origin.

Persons NOT of Hispanic or Latino origin could check the No box.

##  Why a Question on Hispanic or Latino Origin?

- Various Federal Programs Require Data on the Ethnic Make-Up of the Community
- Federal Affirmative Action Plans
- Community Reinvestment Act Reporting
- Public Health Service Act Needs

**Notes:**
The Census has included a question on Hispanic origin since 1970.

The data are used to apply for, to report on, or to monitor compliance with a variety of Federal programs, including the ones shown on this slide.

## In some tabulations, race data will be shown for 63 categories
In other tabulations race will be collapsed and shown as
Race alone categories
A two or more races category
Race alone or in combination with one or more races
Data for Hispanic/Latino in many tables
Data for non-Hispanic/Latinos
Counts and characteristics for specific groups in later tabulations
Race choice is by self-identification

- In other tabulations race will be collapsed and shown as
- Race alone categories
- A two or more races category
- Race alone or in combination with one or more races
- Data for Hispanic/Latino in many tables
- Data for non-Hispanic/Latinos
- Counts and characteristics for specific groups in later tabulations
- Race choice is by self-identification

**How will race and ethnicity be shown****in Census 2000 data tables?**

**Notes:**
Depending on the data product and the particular table, you will be able to get data on race and ethnicity tabulated in several different ways.
In some tables, including the first release of census 2000 information, data will be tabulated for 63 possible combinations of race.
Other tables will show data for 7 race categories: the 6 major race- alone categories (White, African-American, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and some other race) and a two or more races category.
There will be other tabulations where race alone or in combination will be shown.
Hispanic or Latino is shown in many of the tables.
Data for non-Hispanic/Latinos is available.
You will also be able to get counts, that is, totals for the detailed race (that is, Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, etc.) detailed Hispanic origin (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, etc.) as well as many American Indian and Alaska Native categories in some of the early products. 
Characteristics of these groups will be available in later releases of Census 2000 information.
Race choice is by self-identification.

## Race Alone Categories

- Six mutually exclusive racial categories:
- White alone
- Black or African American alone
- American Indian or Alaska Native alone
- Asian alone
- Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander alone
- Some other race alone

**Notes:**
As part of Federal guidelines on collecting and presenting data on race, the Federal Office of Management and Budget requires agencies to use a minimum of five categories: 
	White
	Black or African American
	American Indian or Alaska Native
	Asian
	Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
The Census Bureau, with OMB approval, included some other race  as a sixth race category on the Census 2000 questionnaire and will tabulate data for the some other race category.

Additionally, in many of the data products, you will also see tabulations of the number of persons who checked two or more races.

## Two or More Races

- Single category that groups together all multiple -race responses
- This category, together with the 6 single  race-alone categories will add up to 100% of the population

**Notes:**
The two or more races category groups together in a single category all of the multiple race responses. This category, together with the six race-along categories (White, Black or African American, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander and Some Other Race) will add to 100 percent of the population.

## The six race alone groups and the two or more races group, when combined, sum to 100 percent of the population

**Total Population by Race**

- 100% population

**Notes:**
To illustrate, here’s an example of Census 2000 table. You can see from the table that the six “race alone” groups and the “two or more” races group, when combined, sum to 100 percent of the population.

Remember that Hispanic or Latino is not a race group and should not be added to the race categories.

## 
    6 Race alone categories
+15 Categories of 2 races
+20 Categories of 3 races
+15 Categories of 4 races
+  6 Categories of 5 races
+  1 Category of 6 races

-     6 Race alone categories
- +15 Categories of 2 races
- +20 Categories of 3 races
- +15 Categories of 4 races
- +  6 Categories of 5 races
- +  1 Category of 6 races

**63 Race Categories**

- 63

- Possible combinations

**Notes:**
In other tables, including the first release of Census 2000 information, multiple race data will be tabulated not as a single category, but for all  possible combinations of race. That is, in addition to the 6 race alone categories, you will get the 57 possible combinations of these 6 groups, including:
15 categories of 2 races (e.g., White and African American, White and Asian, etc.)
20 categories of 3 races
15 categories of 4
6 possible categories of 5 races, and 
1 category of 6 races.
For 63 possible categories of race.

## Race: Alone or In Combination

**Notes:**
In some of the later tabulations you will see race data reported “alone or in combination”
This tabulation includes not only persons who marked only one race (the race alone category) but also those who marked that race and at least one other race.
For example, a person who indicated that she was of Filipino and African American background would be included in the African American alone or in combination count, as well as in the Asian alone or in combination count.
The alone or in combination totals (column (4)) are tallies of responses, rather than respondents. So the sum of the race alone or in combination will add to more than the total population.

## Detailed Race, Tribes, and Hispanic or Latino Groups 

- Includes specific entries and write-in categories
- Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, etc.
- American Indian and Alaska Native categories
- Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, etc.

**Notes:**
Most of the Census 2000 data tables will be presented for the total population, as well as for the 6 OMB race groups, and often for the two or more races category. In some tabulations however, you will see information for individual groups that make up the 6 categories as well as for some write-in entries. 

This additional detail includes information for the various 
Asian racial groups--Chinese, Japanese, Indian, Filipino, Korean, etc.,
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander groups, such as Samoan and Guamanian.
American Indian and Alaska Native tribes and other write-in categories
Hispanic and Latino groups including those on the questionnaire and write-in entries such as Guatemalan, Peruvian, etc.

## How Do I Compare 1990 - 2000 Race Data?

- With caution
- Direct comparisons back to 1990 racial categories cannot be made

**Notes:**
Given the way race data were collected in Census 2000, you may be wondering, “How can I compare 1990 and 2000 race data?”
Remember that direct comparisons in racial categories from 1990 to 2000 CANNOT be made. 
The individual data user must decide whether to use a single race alone figure or the race alone or in combination number.

## How Do I Compare 1990 - 2000 Race Data?

- Race alone categories: the lower range
- Race alone or in combination categories: the upper range

**Notes:**
Here are some things to consider:

Review the data for your area. If there are few people who indicated a multi-racial background, you may be able to use the race alone tabulations.

However, if there is a significant number of persons who indicated a multi-racial background,  your task will be more difficult. And the number you use will depend on your specific application. 
The race alone numbers will provide a lower range for calculating a difference between 1990 and 2000.
The race alone or in combination will provide an upper range for doing the calculation.

**How Do I Compare the Data?**

**Notes:**
Looking at the example on the slide, we can see that the White population decreased by 25,760 persons (using race alone) or increased by 130,722 persons (using the race alone or in combination categories). The difference is somewhere between minus 0.4 and 2.1 percent.

Remember, the numerical difference, when using the race alone or in combination category, will add to more than the total population, since people can be counted in more than one category.

## Which Data Should I Use?

- Contact the agency or organization that is requesting the information
- The Office of Management and Budget suggests specific categories and allocation procedures for Civil Rights Monitoring and Enforcement (OMB Bulletin No. 00-02)

## What Data Will Be Available?

**Short-Form Information**
- Redistricting Summary File
- Summary File 1
- Summary File 2
**Long-Form Information**** **
- Summary File 3
- Summary File 4

**Notes:**
Census 2000 information will be released on a flow basis starting in early 2001.  Information from the short form questions that were asked of every person and household (age, race, gender, Hispanic or Latino, owner/renter status) will be released first.
Information from the long-form (income, education, occupation, housing rent and value) will be tabulated later in the process and will be available starting in Summer of 2002.
Summary File 1 is a series of basic tables of short-form information; Summary File 2 presents some of these same tables for various racial, Hispanic, and American Indian and Alaska Native categories.
Summary File 3 presents sample-data tables; Summary File 4 repeats some of these same tables for the same race, Hispanic, American Indian and Alaska Native categories, as well as for ancestry groups.

## Total population by 63 racial categories
Hispanic or Latino population and not-Hispanic-or-Latino population by 63 racial categories
Voting-age population by 63 racial categories
Hispanic or Latino voting-age population and not-Hispanic-or-Latino voting-age population by 63 racial categories

- Hispanic or Latino population and not-Hispanic-or-Latino population by 63 racial categories
- Voting-age population by 63 racial categories
- Hispanic or Latino voting-age population and not-Hispanic-or-Latino voting-age population by 63 racial categories

**Redistricting Summary Data File**

## Hispanic/LatinoPopulation by Race

- You can get the Hispanic population by race through subtraction:
- PL 94-171 Redistricting Data:
- Table PL1 gives the total population by race
- Table PL2 gives the Not Hispanic or Latino population by race

- By subtracting table PL2 from table PL1, you will get the number of Hispanics who are White, African American, American Indian, Asian, etc.

**Notes:**
Since Hispanic is an ethnic characteristic and Hispanics can be of any race, how do I know what races were marked by persons of Hispanic origin?

You can get these numbers from the Public Law Redistricting data by subtracting Table 2 from Table 1.

## Summary File 1(100 Percent Data)

- 63 Racial categories
- 28 Hispanic or Latino categories
- 36 Specific American Indian categories
- 5 Alaska Native  tribes
- 17 Detailed Asian categories
- 12 Detailed Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander categories

- Population Totals For

**Notes:**
Summary File 1, available in the summer of 2001, will provide population counts for the various groups shown on the slide as well as characteristics for the major race groups. The information will be available on the Internet, on CD-ROM and on DVD.

## 36 American Indian Categories

- Apache		Delaware	Potawatomi
- Blackfeet	Houma		Pueblo
- Cherokee	Iroquois		Puget Sound Salish
- Cheyenne	Kiowa		Seminole
- Chickasaw	*Latin Am.	Shoshone
- Chippewa 	Lumbee	Sioux
- Choctaw	Menominee	Tohomo O’Odham
- Colville		Navajo		Ute
- Comanche	Osage	 	Yakama
- Cree		Ottawa		Yaqui
- Creek	 	Paiute	 	Yuman
- Crow	 	Pima	 	All other categories
- *Aztec, Inca, Mayan, etc.

**Notes:**
Summary File 1 contains population counts for 36 American Indian categories.

Apache	Delaware	Potawatomi
Blackfeet	Houma	Pueblo
Cherokee	Iroquois	Puget Sound Salish
Cheyenne	Kiowa	Seminole
Chickasaw	*Latin Am.	Shoshone
Chippewa 	Lumbee	Sioux
Choctaw	Menominee	Tohomo O’Odham
Colville	Navajo	Ute
Comanche	Osage	Yakama
Cree	Ottawa	Yaqui
Creek	Paiute	Yuman
Crow	Pima	All other categories
*Aztec, Inca, Mayan, etc.

## 28 Hispanic or Latino Categories

-    Mexican
-    Puerto Rican
-    Cuban
-    Dominican Republic
**Central American:**
-    Costa Rican
-    Guatemalan
-    Honduran
-    Nicaraguan
-    Panamanian
-    Salvadoran
-    Other Central American

**South American:**
-    Argentinean
-    Bolivian
-    Chilean
-    Colombian
-    Ecuadorian
-    Paraguayan
-    Peruvian
-    Uruguayan
-    Venezuelan
-    Other South American
** **
**Other Hispanic or Latino:**
-    Spaniard
-    Spanish
-    Spanish American
-    All other Hispanic or Latino

**Notes:**
Summary File 1 contains population counts for 28 Hispanic or Latino categories. 

Mexican
Puerto Rican
Cuban
Dominican Republic
Central American:
Costa Rican
Guatemalan
Honduran
Nicaraguan
Panamanian
Salvadoran
Other Central American

## 5 Alaska Native Categories

- Alaska Athabaskan
- Aleut
- Eskimo
- Tlingit-Haida
- All other tribes

**Notes:**
Summary File 1 contains population counts for 5 Alaska Native categories. 

Alaska Athabaskan
Aleut
Eskimo
Tlingit-Haida
All other tribes

## 17 Detailed Asian Categories:

- Asian Indian				Laotian
- Bangladeshi				Malaysian
- Cambodian				Pakistani
- Chinese, except Taiwanese	Sri Lankan
- Filipino 	 			Taiwanese
- Hmong		 		Thai
- Indonesian				Vietnamese
- Japanese				Other Asian
- Korean

**Notes:**
Summary File 1 contains population counts for 17 detailed Asian categories.

Asian Indian		Laotian
Bangladeshi		Malaysian
Cambodian		Pakistani
Chinese, except Taiwanese	Sri Lankan
Filipino		Taiwanese
Hmong		Thai
Indonesian		Vietnamese
Japanese		Other Asian
Korean

## 12 Detailed Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Categories:

**Polynesian:**
-    Native Hawaiian
-    Samoan
-    Tongan
-    Other Polynesian
**Micronesian:**
-    Guamanian or Chamorro
-    Other Micronesian
**Melanesian **
-    Fijian
-    Other Melanesian
**Other Pacific Islander**

**Notes:**
Summary File 1 contains population counts for 12 detailed Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander categories.

Polynesian:
Native Hawaiian				Samoan
Tongan
Other Polynesian

Micronesian:
Guamanian or Chamorro
Other Micronesian
					 Melanesian:
Fijian
Other Melanesian

Other Pacific Islander

## Summary File 2(100 Percent Data)

- 249 Iterations of racial and Hispanic or Latino categories, and American Indian and Alaska Native tribes
- 1 Iteration for the total population

- Totals and Characteristics Available For

- User selects specific iteration

**Notes:**
Some of the tables from Summary File 1 will be included on Summary File 2. These tables will be repeated or “iterated” for each of 249 specific race and ethnic groups. Information is generally available down to the census tract level. However, there must be 100 persons in the group at that geographic level for information to be shown.

Summary File 2 will become available in the Fall of 2001.  On the Internet, you will be able to select the specific group and table you want to see displayed. The information will also be available on CD-ROM and DVD.

## Summary File 3(Sample Data)

- 6 Racial categories (alone)
- Hispanic or Latino by race

- Population Totals For

- plus

- 108 Ancestry groups

*(Same as*
*Summary File 1)*

**Notes:**
Summary File 3 will be available in the Summer of 2002 on the Internet and on CD-ROM and DVD. These tables will be for the major race groups and Hispanic or Latino by race. In addition there will be counts for 108 ancestry groups.

Information will be available down to the block-group level.

## Summary File 4(Sample Data)

- 249  Iterations *(same as Summary File 2)*

- Totals and Characteristics Available For

- plus

-   86  Iterations of ancestry categories

- plus

-     1  Iteration for the total population

- 336  Iterations

- User selects
- specific iteration

**Notes:**
Similar to Summary File 2, Summary File 4 will contain sample tables that repeat for the same race and ethnic groups.  In addition these tables, which will show sample characteristics, will be available for ancestry groups as well.  And just as in Summary File 2, there will be thresholds, that is, there must a minimum number of persons in the group in the specific geographic area for the  characteristics to be shown. [Speaker’s Note: The threshold in SF 4 is 50 responses or about 300 persons.] 

On the Internet, you will be able to choose the table and the iteration or group you want.

## Summary Files 1-4

**SF 1 and 3**
**Geographic detail (down to block/block group)**
**Source of community profiles**
**Will meet data needs of most users**

**SF 2 and 4**
**Subject detail             (down to tract level)**
**Tables repeated for      each race/ethnic group**
**Specialized users**

**Notes:**
Here’s a summary of some of the differences between Summary Files 1, 2, 3 and 4.

## Summary Population andHousing Characteristics	

- Population Totals For
- 6 Racial categories (alone)
- Hispanic or Latino and race
- 4 Combinations of two races
-    • White; Black or African American
-    • White; American Indian and Alaska Native
-    • White; Asian
-    • Black or African American; American Indian
-       and Alaska Native

**Notes:**
There will also be several printed report series.  Generally information will be provided for the groups shown on the slide.  The printed reports will provide information for governmental units, but not for smaller areas.

## For More Information

- Visit the Census Bureau’s website:

***http://www.census.gov***