# Presentation: 203842

## Community Capability Building for Post 9/11 Terrorism Preparedness

- Frances Edwards, Ph.D., CEM
- Director, City of San Jose OES/MMTF
- Vice Chair, Collaborative for Disaster Mitigation, San Jose State University

## Honoring the Memory

**Ray Downey**
**Jack Fanning**
- Chief officers of FDNY who gave their lives at the World Trade Center Command Post, September 11, 2001

## Emergency Management Before 9/11

- 1950’s Civil Defense
- 1960’s Natural disasters
- 1970’s Three Mile Island
- Threat analysis and risk assessment
- Community education for emergency preparedness
- Continuity planning for the government organization
- Generally male, former military

## Emergency Management Before 9/11

- 1980’s All Hazards
- Emergency Management Institute
- FEMA Independent Study courses
- FEMA Professional Development Series
- Professional certification - CEM
- Academic centers
- U Delaware
- U Southern California
- U Colorado, Boulder
- NSF Quick Response Grants
- Certificate programs in UC system

## Emergency Management Before 9/11

- 1990’s multiple natural hazard catastrophic events
- Oakland Hills Firestorm: SEMS
- Hurricane Andrew: insurance surcharge, professional EM for every county
- Midwest flooding: FEMA FRP & ESF’s
- Northridge Earthquake: 800 number
- Western flooding
- Droughts

## Terrorism

- 1993 World Trade Center
- 1995 Tokyo Sarin attack
- 1995 Murrah Building bombing
- Domestic Preparedness Program
- DOD, DHHS, DOJ, FEMA, EPA, DOE
- 122 largest cities – no sustainment funding
- New level of knowledge: NBC weapons, medical issues
- PETA
- ELF
- Y2K millenial, militia, Seattle/LAX

## World Trade Center, 9/11/01

- Activated MMTF, DMATs, USARs, Search Dogs
- Deployed National Pharmaceutical Stockpile
- Media intensive- interviews in TV, radio, print
- Elected officials’ briefings
- Public presentations on preparedness:Rotary, Kiwanis, TV/Radio talk shows, educational administrators (k-12 and university)
- Cross over from pure law enforcement to emergency management: MCI & crime scene

## After 9/11: New Mission

- Facilitator for cross departmental terrorism response planning
- Fire, Police, EMS – original MMTF partners
- Public Works, General Services, IT
- Recommend security changes for public organizations: badges, CAN, new entrances, security guards

## Capability After 9/11

- Understand the work of government departments, relationships
- Work with elected officials
- Appreciate the difficulty of raising revenue
- Legal issues
- Community: languages, ethnicities, age, wealth, educational levels, economic base

## Capability After 9/11

- Skills
- Good writing
- Research ability including Internet
- Critical thinking
- Intellectual curiosity
- Traits
- Flexible personal styles
- Flexible leadership styles
- Sensitivity to others

## Capability After 9/11

- Multiple relationships
- Media
- Government leaders
- Community leaders
- Community members
- Inspire
- Inform
- Motivate

## Who do we hire?

- Traits
- Enthusiasm
- Stamina
- Courage
- Education
- Broad liberal arts background: political science, public administration, journalism, social science
- Competency will develop over time through experience and mentoring

## Growing the emergency manager of the 21st century

- Academics, practitioners, professional organizations
- Mentoring
- Internships
- Student members
- ASPA SECM
- IAEM

## Key to community safety

- Emergency managers will never be the heroes, but they are the lynchpins that hold the community together through every disaster.

## Speaker Contact Information

- Frances Edwards-Winslow, Ph.D., CEM
- Director, City of San Jose Office of Emergency Services:
- 		www.ci.san-jose.ca.us/oes/oes.htm
- Director, San Jose Metropolitan Medical Task Force
- 855 N. San Pedro Street, San Jose, 95110
- 408-277-4595;frances.winslow@ci.sj.ca.us