# Presentation: 041580

## Tevatron Operations Status

- Accelerator Advisory Committee
- February 4-6, 2003
- Mike Martens

## Introduction

- 		Current	FY03	Run II
- _Parameter__	__Status__	__Goal__	__Goal  __	__    __	__	__ _
- Typical Luminosity	3.2e31	6.6e31	33e31	cm-2sec-1
- Integrated Luminosity	6.0	12.0	70.0	pb-1/week
- Protons/bunch	170e9	240e9	270e9
- Antiprotons/bunch	22e9	31e9	135e9
- Higher intensity  Fundamental physics limitations
- Beam-Beam Effects
- Instabilities
- Beam Halo and Lifetimes
- Understanding/Solving these issues requires ...
- Stable Tevatron Lattice
- Diagnostics
- Study Time

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Contents

- Luminosity since June 2002
- Major topics being addressed:
- Tevatron Lattice (tunes/coupling/orbits)
- Beam-Beam Effects
- Instabilities and Dampers
- Diagnostics
- January 2003 shutdown
- Goals for this year
- Summary

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Luminosity Since June 2002

- Slides related to luminosity performance
- Luminosity formula
- Goals and current performance
- Peak luminosity plot
- Improvement in luminosity by factor of 1.9
- Beam intensities
- Transfer efficiencies
- Beam emittances
- Store reliability

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Luminosity Formula

**(10****31**** cm****-2**** sec****-****1****)**

***  ******f   ***=  revolution frequency = 47.7 KHz
*  **B  *=  # bunches = 36
***r****r * =  relativistic beta x gamma = 1045
*****  =  beta function at IR = 35 cm
*  **H*  =  hourglass factor = .60 - .70
*N**p** **, **N**pbar*  =  bunch intensities (E9)
***p** **, ****pbar*    =  transverse emittances (-mm-mrad)
***l **    *=  bunch length (cm)

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Goals and Current Performance 

- 	Current	FY03	Run II
- _Parameter__	__Performance__	__Goal__	__Goal  __	__    __	__	__ _
- Typical Luminosity	3.2e31	6.6e31	33e31	cm-2sec-1
- Integrated Luminosity	6.0	12.0	70.0	pb-1/week
- Protons/bunch	170e9	240e9	270e9
- Antiprotons/bunch	22e9	31e9	135e9
- Proton emittance (95%, norm) 	20	20	20	pmm-mr
- Pbar emittance (95%, norm) 	18	15	14	pmm-mr
- Bunch length rms (prot, pbar)	0.6	0.54	0.54	meter
- Peak Pbar Production Rate	11.5e10	18e10	45e10	/hr
- Pbar: AA -> Low  efficiency	0.60-0.75	0.8	0.85
- Pbar: Inj. -> Low  efficiency	~ 0.75
- Number of bunches	36x36	36x36	36x36
- Beta @ IP	0.35	0.35*	0.35	meter
- Beam Energy	980	980	980	GeV

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Tevatron Since June 2002

- 151 HEP stores
- 160 pb-1 to each detector
- Increase in luminosity from 20e30 to 36.9e30
- Run I record of 25.0e30 broken on 7/26/2002
- Run II record of 36.9e30 set on 11/8/2002
- Not much improvement in luminosity since November 2002
- ... Increases tend to follow significant improvements, e.g., 

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Reasons for L-progress Since Jun’02 

- “Shot lattice”			AA	        x 1.40
- Pbar emittance at injection 	Tev/Lines   x 1.20
- Pbar coalescing improvement	_MI             x 1.15 _
- 						total	         x 1.9
- ....plus additional improvements in the Tevatron:
- Tunes/coupling/chromaticities at 150/ramp/LB
- Orbit smoothing
- Longitudinal dampers to stop s blowup
- Transverse dampers improves 150 Gev lifetime
- Separator scans
- F11 vacuum

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Beam Intensities in 2002

- _Number of antiprotons _
- Increase factor of 2.5 Oct  March
- from 9e9  22e9 per bunch

- _Number of protons _
- Mostly steady
- in the 160 e9  200e9 range

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Tevatron Efficiencies

**proton**
**injections**

**pbar**
**injections**

**ramp**

**Open helix**

**poor lifetimes**

******10% bunched**
**beam loss in ramp**
**and squeeze**

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Tevatron Emittance

- General comments on emittance blow-up from Flying Wire measurement**
- (95%, normalized emittances):
-   < 1 - 2 at proton injection
-   ~ 5 - 6  at pbar injection
-   < (negative) 2 - 3 protons at 150 (scraping)
-   ~ (negative) 0 -3 pbars at 150 (scraping)
-   4 -7 blowup on ramp (prots and pbars)
-   occasional instability, 5 – 50, at 980 Gev
-   scallop emittances for pbars (+20)

- ** There remains uncertainty of FW emittance measurements.  (See later slides)

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Tevatron Emittance on the Ramp  

- Tevatron Emittance on the Ramp

- Emittance blow-up
- on the ramp**
-  In both p and pbars
-  Same for coalesced and uncoalesced
-  About 5-7 in vertical (not sure for horizontal)
-  Worse after Nov.1
-  WHY?
-  Not due to dampers
-  Tune adjustments did not help

- **Note: Possible that this is a FW effect.
- (See later slides.)

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Tevatron Reliability  

- 151 stores from 6/1/2002 to 1/11/2003
- 99 (65%) ended intentionally
- 52 stores ended with failure
- (10) Quench Protection Monitor (QPM) system
- (7) Power glitch
- (6) Cryogenics system
- (4) Kicker pre-fire
- (4) Quench on abort
- (3) RF
- (3) Tevatron Power Supply
- (2) Power supply
- (2) Kicker
- (2) Controls
- (1) Studies
- (1) Collimator
- (1) Safety system
**And 1 Earthquake in Alaska**

- See P. Czarapata Talk
- on Reliability Improvements
-  QPM VFCs
-  Cryogenics
-  Kicker pre-fire

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Tune/coupling/chromaticity/orbits

- Tune up is essential for consistent operations ...
- Much effort during “Studies Periods” is actually maintenance  (orbit smoothing and tune/coupling/chromaticity adjustments)
- ... and for understanding more complicated physics
- Beam-beam effects, instabilities and dampers, beam lifetimes, beam halo rates, etc. are more difficult to understand when machine parameters drifting.
- Some troubles:
- Tune/coupling drifts at 150 Gev. (Now compensated.)
- Tune/coupling snapback on the ramp. (Now compensated.)
- Chromaticity snapback?  (Was measured. Is OK.)
- Orbit drifts. (Started BPM and smoothing improvements)

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Tune and Coupling Drifts at 150 Gev

- From Run I: Known Chromaticity Drift
- Chromaticity drift from b2 component in dipoles
- Compensated by automatically varying sextupole currents
- New for Run II: Tune and Coupling Also Drift
- Tune and coupling vary logarithmically after returning to injection energy
- Makes injection tune-up more difficult
- Likely caused by persistent currents in the superconducting dipoles and quadrupoles
- Now compensating for Drift
-  Use normal, skew quads similar to chromaticity scheme
- Tune drift now < 0.001 after 3 hours
- Coupling drift is not measurable

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Tune Drift @ 150 Gev

- M.Martens, J.Annala

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Coupling Drift @ 150 Gev

- M.Martens, J.Annala

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Tune Variations on Ramp/squeeze

-  Near start of ramp (150  153 Gev): large tune/coupling excursions
-  Tune/coupling changes of (0.02 tune units, 0.02 minimum tune split)
-  Variations fixed with _additional breakpoint at 153 Gev_ and _tune/coupling_ _snapback correction_ at start of ramp.

- 0.02
- tune units

- After fixes

- Desired tunes (red lines) at 0.575 and 0.583

- 153 Gev

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Chromaticity Snapback Measurements

- M.Martens, J.Annala, P. Bauer

- Measured b2

- Estimated b2 without snapback

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Chromaticity Snapback Compensation

- M.Martens, J.Annala, P. Bauer

**b****2**** snapback is correctly compensated (for shot setup conditions.)**

**150 Gev**

**195 Gev**

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Orbit Drifts

- Tunes, coupling,  vary with closed orbits distortions
- “Rule of thumb” -- keep orbit drifts under 0.5 mm rms from “silver orbit”
- Orbit drifts of that scale occur in 1-2 weeks (see picture)
- Requires routine orbit smoothing at 150 Gev, ramp, flat-top, squeeze, and low-beta.

- _ _

**“****orbit – reference” at low beta after about 2 weeks in September’02**

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Orbit Smoothing

- Standard orbit smoothing procedure
- Works well. (But some correctors near maximum strength.)
- Requires uncoalesced protons
- Takes time -- several hours for proton only store
- BPMs are “less accurate” w/coalesced beam during store
- BPM system
- Tune up/maintenance of BPMs has improved reliability
- Position measurements not considered good enough with coalesced beam. (Under investigation)
- Improvements are underway (Understanding electronics, removing “PSD” boxes, and BPM testing software)

- Goal: monitor orbit positions during shot setups and stores. (BPMs must work with coalesced beam.)

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Tevatron Alignment Measurements

- What are rolls of Tevatron dipoles and quads?
- How do these affect coupling?
- How do these affect understanding of lattice functions?
- Do these contribute to emittance blow-up at injection?
- Do rolled dipoles affect orbit, and therefore feedowns?
- Alignment Measurement is work in progress
- Some dipoles with ~ 8 mrad roll, quads with ~ 4 mrad roll
- Magnets typically rolled in same direction
- Additional measurements in Jan 2003 shutdown
- Used a “portable tilt-meter” for quick roll measurements
- Analysis still pending, but definite rolls
- (See sample measurements on next slide)

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Tevatron Magnet Alignment

- Sample data of surveyed rolls on dipoles (and quads)

| Magnet | Roll (mrad) |  | Magnet | Roll (mrad) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| A19-1(Quad) | -0.67 |  | A23-1(Quad) | 2.41 |
| A19-2 | 6.86 |  | A23-2 | 1.65 |
| A19-3 | 1.76 |  | A23-3 | 3.95 |
| A19-4 | -4.44 |  | A23-4 | 0.71 |
| A19-5 | -1.94 |  | A23-5 | 4.89 |
| A21-1(Quad) | 0.19 |  | A24-1(Quad) | 2.98 |
| A21-2 | 8.67 |  | A24-2 | 1.49 |
| A21-3 | 8.38 |  | A24-3 | 0.81 |
| A21-4 | 4.81 |  | A24-4 | 1.17 |
| A21-5 | 1.19 |  | A24-5 | 3.70 |
| A22-1 (Quad) | 0.44 |  | A25-1 (Quad) | 3.68 |
| A22-2 | 1.06 |  | A25-2 | 0.60 |
| A22-3 | 1.49 |  | A25-3 | 0.33 |
| A22-4 | 2.33 |  | A25-4 | 0.14 |
| A22-5 | 4.44 |  | A25-5 | 0.37 |

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Tevatron Magnet Alignment

- Measured rolls of dipoles and quads during Jan 2003 shutdown.
- Used “portable tilt-meter” for quick measurements
- Data roughly consistent with vertical dipole corrector strengths
- Dipoles rolled 4 mrad gives ~0.5 mm “scalloped” vert orbit
- Coupling from one quad rolled 4 mrad gives min tune split ~0.0025

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Motion of Tevatron Dipole

- Newly added a tiltmeter to a Tevatron dipole.
- Observed 10 urad roll after a quench
- Still watching!!
- Larger 	rolls on other dipoles?
- Long term drifts?

- _ _

**Roll of E35-1 dipole after a Tevatron quench. **

- Measured roll (urad)

- -75

- -70

- -65

- -60

- -55

**Tevatron quench**

- 1 day

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Beam-beam Interactions

- Slides related to beam-beam interactions
- Pbar intensity loss during store ~25%
- Pbar intensity loss during Pbar only store
- Pbar lifetime at 150 Gev
- Pbar beam lifetime versus emittance
- Lifetime versus chromaticity
- Progress/plan for improving pbar lifetime at 150 Gev
- Smaller pbar emittances from accumulator improvements
- Reduce injection oscillations (BLT)  smaller pbar emittances
- Larger C0 aperture  Larger helix  Lower pbar tune shifts
- Beam-beam at 980 Gev
- Pbar emittance blowup depends on bunch number
- Measured and predicted bunch-by-bunch pbar tunes
- Working point tune scans

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Beam-beam Interaction As Major Factor

* **Pbar transfer efficiency strongly depends on N_p, helix separation, orbits, tunes, coupling, chromaticity and beam emittances at injection** *
* **Summary of progress with beam-beam since March 2002:*
_*	*__*Mar’02 *  *__*	*__*Oct’02 ***__*	*__*Jan’03 ****__*	*_
*Protons/bunch**	**140e9**	**170e9**	**180e9*
*Pbar loss at 150 GeV**	**20%**	**9%**	**4%*
*Pbar loss on ramp**	**14%**	**8%**	**12%*
*Pbar loss in squeeze**	**22%**	**5%**	**3%*
*Tev efficiency Inj****low beta**	**54%**	**75%**	**75%*
*Efficiency AA****low beta **	**32%**	**60%**	**62%*
**  average in stores #1120-1128**	**	****  average in stores #1832-1845*
**** average in stores #2114-2153 (9 stores)*

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Beam-beam Effects: Pbar Only

**8% loss on ramp – DC beam (depends on MI tuneup)**

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Lifetime Issues at 150 Gev

- Poor Pbar lifetime at 150 Gev
- Depends on emittances, Np, , and bunch number
- Lifetime ~ 0.5-1.0 hrs
- Original injection helix has been modified, separation increased and optimized to fit tight C0 aperture (“new-new helix”)
- Replace lambertsons @ C0 – gain 25 mm vertically
- Modify high  section at A0 formerly used for fixed-target extraction
- Poor proton lifetime on helix ~ 2 hr
- depends on chromaticity
- Instability prevents lower chromaticity (now 8)

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Antiproton Lifetime at 150 Gev

- @ 150 GeV

- Pbar losses depend strongly on pbar emittances and N_p

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Beam-beam @ Injection Vs Emittance

- M.Martens

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Lifetime and Chromaticity at 150 Gev

-  Lower chromaticity is better for lifetime
-  Instabilities appear  < 3-4
-  Run with H = 8, V=8 to avoid instabilities
-  Dampers allow us to lower chromaticity and improve lifetime

- Measured loss rates as function of chromaticity
- (with protons on the pbar helix)

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Attacking the Beam-beam Effects

- Smaller emittances from AA  (“AA shot lattice” )
-  Reduced injection errors
- Beam Line Tuner
- Better control of orbits / tunes / coupling
- Tunes up the ramp
- Tune and coupling drift at 150 Gev
- Orbit smoothing
-  Larger injection helix
- C0 Lambertson replacement
- New Separator settings

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Diagnostics: Beam Line Tuner

- Consists of striplines, DAQ, software and dipole correctors in A1/P1 lines
- Old version (RF integrator) was too sensitive to time jitter (now improved but not in use)
- New version based on segmented memory scope (now operational)

- D.McGinnis

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Injection Oscillations in Tevatron

- Bunch 1	   Bunch 2	       Bunch 3	        Bunch 4
- __________________Antiprotons_______________

-  Turn-by-turn position monitor, (and bunch-by-bunch for pbar)
-  Use to tune up injection closure
-  1 mm corresponds to roughly 3-4 emittance blowup
-  Improved Pbar emittance blowup by ~3-5

- Turn number

- 0

- 256

- Horz (mm)

- Vert (mm)

**3 mm**

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## C0 Lambertson Replacement

- Pbar lifetime depends on emittances and helix size.
- C0 Lambertson is severest aperture restriction. (See picture)
- Design injection helix modified and optimized to fit tight C0 aperture (“new-new helix”)
- (Jan 2003)
- Replace C0 Lambertsons
- Gain 25 mm vertically

- Proton and pbar beam position and sizes on the helix at the location of C0 Lambertson

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Helix Improvement

- Current helix

- Proposed helix

- Distance from B0

- Distance from B0

- Diagonal separation S

- Aperture limitation at C0

- Increasing proton/pbar helix separation
-  Replace C0 Lambertson with MI magnets
-  Increase vertical aperture at C0 from ~15mm -> 40 mm (but only ~30% larger helix due to other aperture limitations.)
-  Modify helix to increase min separation, Smin, from 5.5 to 6.6

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Beam-beam Tune Shift Reduction

- Proposed injection helix (with larger C0 aperture) will reduce small amplitude tune shift of pbars

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Beam-beam Effects at 980 Gev

-  Pbar bunches near abort gaps have better emittances and live longer
-  Emittances of other bunches are being blown up to 40% over the first 2 hours – see scallops over the bunch trains
-  The effect is (and should be) tune dependent  - see on the right
-  Recently, serious effects of pbars on protons – completely unexpected

- Yu.Alexahin

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Beam-beam Tune Shift Measurement

-  Measured and predicted pbar tune shift as function of bunch number at collisions.
-  Used gated “tickler” to excite individual pbar bunches and measured tunes with schottky pickup

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Working Point Tune Scans

- Measured pbar halo loss rate during collisions as function of pbar tunes

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Instabilities and Dampers

- Slides related to instabilities and dampers
- Proton Transverse Instability
- Head-Tail?
- Instability on ramp
- Head-tail instability measurement with TBT
- Tevatron Transverse Dampers
- Schematic outline of transverse dampers
- Demonstration of damping
- Tevatron Longitudinal Dampers
- Dancing bunches
- Schematic outline of longitudinal dampers
- Demonstration of damping
- Fixed bunch length blow-up during store

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Proton Transverse Instability

- Intensity-dependent: appears above ~170E9/bunch
- Single bunch weak head-tail phenomenon
- Can occur at 150 GeV, up the ramp, at 980 GeV
- Schottky powers rise quickly
- p/pbar emittances blow up for individual bunches
- Try to prevent/control instability via:
- Raising chromaticities (8 @150, >20 at 980)
- Adjusting coupling and tunes
- Limiting p intensity to ~240E9/bunch at injection
- More pbars help to stabilize protons
- Constructed bunch-by-bunch transverse dampers
- hor chromaticity at injection lowered 8 2 at 150
- ver chromaticity at injection lowered 8 4 at 150
- ... but the problem is not solved yet...

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Transverse Instability On Ramp

**horizontal**
**Schottky power**
**vertical**

**Beam energy**

**Instability**

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## TeV Transverse Damper

- Auto
- Zero

- Δ

- VCO

- Notch
- Filter

- 1.9 MHz

- Gain
- Control

- VCO

- Δ

- To 5kW
- Injection
- Damper
- Power Amps

- From pbar damper signal

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Tev Transverse Damper

- Without dampers

- With dampers

-  Damper Hardware completed
-  See suppression of tune lines
-  Can reduce  at injection with damper on. Beam is unstable otherwise.

- Transverse damper hardware works.
- Dampers turned on after 36 proton bunches are injected.
- With dampers can lower h from 8  2, v from 8  4 ...
- ... which improves proton & pbar lifetime ...
- ... which reduces pbar beam loss at 150 Gev from ~10% to ~2%.

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Head-tail Monitor

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Unstable Head-tail Motion

- Observed transverse oscillation for _stable_ conditions
- Beam is stable for x  8, y  8
- Longitudinal and transverse dampers OFF
- Np= 260E9

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Unstable Head-tail Motion

- Turn Number

- Amplitude

- Developing head-tail instability with _dipole_ configuration
- Beam is unstable for x  6, y  2
- Longitudinal and transverse dampers OFF
- Np= 260E9

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Unstable Head-tail Motion

- Turn Number

- Amplitude

- Developing head-tail instability with _monopole_ configuration
- Beam is unstable for x  6, y  -3
- Longitudinal and transverse dampers OFF
- Np= 260E9

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Unstable Head-tail Motion

- P.Ivanov
- A.Burov
- V.Lebedev

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Transverse Instability

- Beam remnants point to coherent betatron mode with ***l=2***

- P.Ivanov, A.Burov

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Transverse Instability

- Beam remnants point to coherent betatron mode with ***l=1***

- P.Ivanov, A.Burov

*Structure of the remaining beam longitudinal density points qualitatively at excitation of the coherent vertical oscillations with the dipole longitudinal configuration ****l=1.**** *

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Longitudinal Impedance – “Dancing Bunches”

**Mountain Range Display**

**19 ns**

- Beam in 30 buckets
- 100 Tevatron turns   (~2 ms) between traces
- Synch freq ~ 85 Hz
- Oscillation amplitude depends on bunch, changes slowly with time (minutes at 150 GeV, seconds at 980 GeV)
- Model needs inductive impedance Z/n2 Ohm interplaying with cavity impedance
- Coalesced bunches have dancing bumps

- R.Moore

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## TeV Longitudinal Damper Block 

- Digital Delay

- Digital Delay

- -

- To Fanout
- Phase Shifter

- 1 turn

- 53 turns

- 90° Delay

- Beam In

- VCO

- 100 MHz

- 30 MHz

- I

- Q

- Gain
- Control

- 1.5 MHz

- Cavity
- Compensation

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Tev Longitudinal Damper

- With dampers ”reversed” (to excite beam)

- With dampers on

- Synch. sideband

-  Damper Hardware completed
-  See excitation of synchrotron tune lines when damper is “reversed”
-  Synchrotron sidebands damped when dampers are turned on.

- Longitudinal dampers are on during a store.
- No more sudden bunch length blowup is observed.

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Bunch Length Blowup During Stores

**Before damper**

**With damper**

**blow up ~10%**

**Bunch**
**length**
**(ns)**

**DC**
**Intensity**
**(E12)**

**no sudden jumps over entire store**

- Intensity-dependent, leads to significant CDF background rise
- Usually only one or a few bunches would suffer
- Problem solved by _bunch-by-bunch longitudinal damper_

- J.Steimel, C.Y.Tan

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Diagnostics

- Slides Related to Diagnostics and Instrumentation
- Summary of Diagnostics and Status
- Progress with Synchrotron Light Monitor
- Emittance measurement comparison
- Scrapers
- Synchrotron Light Monitors
- Flying Wires
- New Schottky Monitor
- Head-tail instability diagnositics
- BPMs

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Diagnostics Progress/issues/needs

-  					                   _Priority_  	_Status_
- BPMs					I	started
- Beam Line Tuner = BLT			I        	good
- RF phase detector 				I        	good
- Flying Wires = FW 			I	good
- SyncLite Monitor = SL			I        	good-
- Single Bunch Display = SBD		I	good-
- Fast Bunch Integrator = FBI		I	good+
- Schottky Detector (21 MHz, + 1.5 GHz)   I	good
- Head-Tail Monitor				I	fair
- Tune-Meter, Tracker			I	fair
- On-line Chromaticity Measurement	I	started
- Digital Mountain Range			II	good-
- Fast Chromaticity Measurement   		II	fair
- TEL Instrumentation			II	fair+
- RF Noise					II       	good-
- BPM Upgrade				II	none
- Orbit Oscillations Monitor			III	fair
- Magnets motion				III	good

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Diagnostics Progress: SyncLite Monitor 

- H.Cheung

-     Bunch #1                Bunch #8

- Works >800 GeV
- Significant progress since March’02
- Reports rms, mean, N, tilt bunch-by-bunch for both protons and pbars
- Invaluable instrument

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Diagnostics: Flying Wires

- Proton channels tuned up in March
- Still some (15% ?) calibration needed
- Pbar channels data are subject of correction
- “Jumping” emittances
- (improper dP/P?)
- Recalibration of both p and pbar channels is due
- Need raw data

**#1828, injection**

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Tev Scraping Studies

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- Vertical prot emittance measurement
- (95%, normalized)
- Use scrapers to measure emittance. Then compare to FW and Sync. Lite
- Scraping: 	24-27 
- Flying Wire: 	30 
- Sync. Lite: 	34 

- Intensity versus collimator position assuming Gaussian beam (1D scraping):

- Need to know  function at monitors!

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Tev Scraping Studies

- Dispersion is an issue !!!

- Horizontal proton

- Scraping: 	31-33 
- Flying Wire: 	22-28 
- Sync. Lite: 	34 

- Vertical pbar

- Scraping: 	20-24 
- Flying Wire: 	42 
- Sync. Lite: 	44 

- Collimator position (mils)

-       Beam Intensity

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Schottky Monitor

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Schottky Monitor

- 1.75 GHz center frequency
- 100 MHz Bandwidth
- Used to
- Measure emittance
- Measure chromaticity non-destructively
- Measure tunes of individual bunches
- Tank installed in January 2003 shutdown

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Diagnostics: Head-tail Monitor

- BLT hard- and software to measure position within one bunch
- Goal of the HTM – monitor higher order head-tail modes
- To be used for chromaticity measurements (non?-destructively)

- V.Scarpine

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Diagnostics: BPMs

- BPMs originally designed for 53 MHz beam structure
- Work well now for uncoalesced beam
- After some tuning  BPMs worked in Run I with 6x6
- Do not work with 36x36 because of bunch separation is smaller than filter ringing time

- Beam
- Intensity
- Position

- J.Crisp

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Diagnostics: SBD, FBI

- Dispersion  in long cable adds to s, tails, satellites
- Raw data available On-Line
- Pbar channels affected by strong proton bunches
- Pbar bunch length not available in ACNET until final cogging (just fixed)
- FBI needs calibration (5%?) and proper offset subtraction especially in pbar channel
- FBI intensity depends on s - need to be fixed
- Intensity from SBD

- R.Flora

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## January 2003 Shutdown

- C0 Lambertson Replacement
- Increases aperture at C0
- Leads to increased proton/antiproton helical orbit separation.
- Schottky monitor
- Measure chromaticity non-destructively
- Measure tunes of individual bunches
- CDF Shielding
- Add steel around low beta quads.
- Should reduce backgrounds in muon chambers by factor of 5.
- New TEL electron gun.
- Gaussian shaped emittance of electron beam
- Alignment Work

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Vacuum and Background

- for several  months the CDF losses had bump few hrs into stores
- reason was out-gassing of ferrite absorber in RWM due to beam heating
- fixed in June’02
- that allowed to estimate average equivalent Tev vacuum pressure to be 1e-9 Torr (room T, N2)

- _ _

**LOSTP**

**CDF background**

**F11 vacuum**

**Total N_protons**

**2e-6 Torr**

**15 hrs**

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## CDF Shielding

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Performance: FY’03 Goals

- 	Current	FY03
- _Parameter__	__Performance__	__Goal__	__ __	__    __	__	__ _
- Typical Luminosity	3.2e31	6.6e31	cm-2sec-1
- Integrated Luminosity	6.0	12.0	pb-1/week
- Protons/bunch	170e9	240e9
- Antiprotons/bunch	22e9	31e9
- Proton emittance (95%, norm) 	20	20	pmm-mr
- Pbar emittance (95%, norm) 	18	15	pmm-mr
- Bunch length rms (prot, pbar)	0.6	0.54	meter
- Most of the luminosity gain comes from more particles
-  Higher Np leads to beam-beam, instabilities, backgrounds
-  Need to understand these physics issues
-  Need time for studies

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Tevatron Projects in FY’03 

- Priority

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Tevatron Projects in FY’03 (Cont’d)

- Priority

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## FY’03 Shutdown(s)

- Projects for FY’03:
- Alignment work
- A0 lattice modification (?)
- Vacuum improvement (incl., warm two houses)
- Install new collimator at A48 (?)

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Lattice Modification at Sector A0

- Proposed modification promises 16% larger min separation at injection (5.6 vs 4.7 )
- Benefits still to be quantified given that C0 aperture will be opened for sure

- A.Xiao, M.Martens

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Physics Progress

- Beam-beam issues
- N_p effect (pbar only, efficiencies vs N_p)
- Emittance+aperture effects (C0 + F0 + A0,  vs Aperture)
- Tune, , C_v,h, orbit effects (variations, smoothing, compensation)
- Lifetime/other effects in collisions (breakdown, b-to-b orbits, tilts, sigmas)
- Beam-beam effects for protons (at LB)
- IPs (luminous regions, separator scans, coupling)
- TEL (better lifetime, Gaussian gun)
- Instabilities/blowups
- Coherent transverse (coherent, b-to-b, HOMs, C_v,h, dampers, octupoles)
- Coherent longitudinal (s blow-up, b-to-b, damper, dancing bunches )
- Incoherent transverse ( 150 loss loss vs C_v,h, ds /dt, emittance growth)
- Incoherent longitudinal (ds /dt vs N_p)
- Orbit drifts (tides+Temperature +drifts)
- Losses/background
- Vacuum (F11, IPs)
- DC beam (DC loss rate in store)
- Collimators (new at A48 )

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

##  Summary on Tev Luminosity in ’03

- Aggressive pursuit of pbar intensity at low-beta, moderate on protons, about same emittances
-  projects and expectations		  gain in *L*
- Transverse dampers			~15-20%
- Fix A1/P1 inj lines			~10-20%
- Open C0 aperture 			~10%
- Better focus at IPs			~0-10%
- smaller *; local decoupling; shorter bunch length
- Beam-beam tuneup			>5% ?
- Tunes/coupling; TEL; smaller dp/p; shave in MI; RF noise; vacuum
- A0 lattice modification 		0-5% ?
- Diagnostics improvement		 + in integr. *L*

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Summary

- Significant luminosity improvement
- 5 times since October’01
- 3 times since March’02
- Complex running well lately
- Now consistently above Run I peak luminosities
- Delivered 76 pb-1 to each experiment in FY’03
- Made significant progress on many issues.

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003

## Summary

- Need to continue progress on
- Beam-beam
- Instabilities
- Diagnostics
- Looking forward to delivering 0.2-0.32 fb-1 in FY’03
- increase peak luminosity to (5-7)e31
- about +12% (stretched to 24%) more protons to collisions
- about +35% (stretched to 60%) more antiprotons to collisions
- about the same emittances

- AAC Meeting, Feb 4-6, 2003