# Presentation: 228673

## Integrated Multi-Functional Observing Networks for Surface Transportation (and many other sectors)

*Walter Dabberdt*
*Vaisala*
*Boulder, CO*

- 3rd National Surface Transportation Weather Symposium
- July 25-27, 2007
- Vienna, VA

## Potential Participants and Partners

-    NWS
-    FAA
-    FHWA
-    FRA
-    DHS
-    DoD
-    City emergency managers
-    Flood control districts
-    Air quality management districts
-    Private companies
- Weather measurement companies
- Telecommunications companies
- Tower owners
- Others
-    Academia

## User Sectors:

-   Surface Transportation:
- Road masters; freight companies
- Rail traffic controllers
- Airport and airline operators; FAA
- Harbor masters, pilots and ship’s officers; USCG
- Ports, inland and coastal
-    Others (first and second tier):
- National Weather Service
- Private weather services
- Emergency managers
- Electric utilities and transmission companies
- Insurance
- Agriculture
- Air quality
- Construction
- Traders and brokers
- Media
- General public

## Critical Atmospheric Phenomena

-   Winter storms
-   Nor’ easters
-   Snow- and ice storms
-   Hurricanes
-   Air pollution
-   Fog, low clouds and other visibility-reducing phenomena
-   Thunderstorms, including MCS’s
- Lightning
- Flash floods
- Hail
- Straight-line winds
- Tornadoes
-   Windstorms (w/o precipitation)
-   Aviation hazards
- In-cloud icing
- Downbursts
- Turbulence
-   Heat and cold extreme events

## General applications

-   Detection/Analysis of current state of the near-Earth	atmospheric state
-   Nowcasting/very short-range forecasting 	(0+ to ~2 hrs)
-   Short-range mesoscale prediction 	(~3 to 48 hrs)

- 0		                      4

**observations**

**nowcasting - **
**current capability**

- Relative Forecast       Accuracy

**mesoscale**
**forecasting**

- Nominal Time -- hours

-  blending region

## General applications

**General applications**

-   Analysis/description of current state of the earth-atmosphere regime
-   Nowcasting/very short-range forecasting 	(0+ to ~2 hrs)
-   Short-range mesoscale prediction 	(~3 to 48 hrs)

- Site of interest

- time

- area

- analysis

-  mesoscale prediction

- nowcasting

*Schematic illustration*

## Candidate Measurement Systems

**Candidate Measurement Systems**

**  ****Weather radar:**** ****	****	****	**reflectivity; velocity, polarization; 						refractivity
**  ****Wind profilers: ****	****	****	**radar, sodar; lidar; 							aircraft
**  ****Thermodynamic soundings: ****	****	**RAOBS, aircraft; lidar
-   **Lightning detection:****	****	****	**CG; total
-   **Radiometers:****	****	****	****	**microwave -- scanning;
-   **GPS receivers:****	****	****	**precipitable water vapor -- 							column integrated; 							maybe slant path and 3D
-   **Surface mesonets:****	****	****	**PTU; V; LW, SW, net radiation; 						energy & momentum fluxes
-   **Satellites:****	****	****	****	**Geo-; POES; LEO

**  ****Pavement condition:****	****	****             **sfc temperature;
**	****	****	****	****             **sfc state**            **

## Commonality ....

## Benefits and Challenges of MF-MP Networks

-    Benefits of MF Networks:
- Share risks – technical and financial
- Minimize investments per partner
- Profit (private sector)
- Cost reduction (public sector)
- Research opportunities (all sectors)
-    Challenges, Obstacles and Impediments:
- Competition
- IP rights
- Data rights
- Partner selection
- Partner performance
- Public-private barriers
- “Curse of dimensionality” – managing multiple partners

## Observing Challenges (physical)

-    Network design
- Phenomenologically driven: local circulations; processes
- Needs driven: Base (or common) network vs. all-inclusive network
- How to optimize? Is it possible?
-    Scientific/measurement challenges
- PBL structure
- MH
- O3 and PM
- Water vapor
- QPE

## 3D Mesoscale Networks

-  _Research_
-    EPiCC -- Canada
-    Urban micronet – P. Klein (U.Oklahoma)
-    Helsinki Testbed
-    DHS – Manhattan and WDC
-  _Planning Studies_
-    NRC BASC MF Mesoscale Observations Panel (ongoing)
-    OFCM Urban Network Study (ongoing)
-    AMS Wx & Climate Enterprise Commission Annual Partnership Topic 	(ongoing)
- _New and Emerging 3D Networks_
-    Japan
-    Beijing: 2008 Olympics and beyond
-    Shanghai MHEWS

- Note: existing 2D ‘mesonets’ are not included

## Example of an Emerging 3D MF-MP System: Shanghai Multi-Hazard Forecast and Prediction System

- Food safety
- Heat-health
- Road maintenance & safety
- Chemical dispersion
- Air quality
- Smoke
- Storm surge
- Energy

**Example of an Emerging 3D MF-MP System: ****Shanghai Multi-Hazard Forecast and Prediction System**

- Earthquakes
- Tsunamis

## City-Scale Early Detection & Monitoring System (conceptual)

**City-Scale Early Detection & Monitoring System (conceptual)**

## Microscale Meteorological Observation System(conceptual)       -------- In the World EXPO 2010 Site

**Microscale Meteorological Observation System****(conceptual)       ****-------- In the World EXPO 2010 Site**

## How to move forward?  Some Questions:

-    Role of Government?
-    IP rights?
-    Risk sharing?
-    Cost sharing?
-    Revenue sharing?
-    Chisholm Network – a prototypical concept?

## How to move forward?

**How to move forward?**

## A possible prototype network?

**~1000km**

**A possible prototype network?**

- _Major Cities Included:_ Dallas-Ft. Worth; Houston; Austin; Oklahoma City; Amarillo; Lubbock; San Antonio; Corpus Christi; Shreveport; Tulsa; New Orleans; Mobile; Little Rock; Jackson; ........

*“**The Chisholm Network”*

**~1500km**

-  end...

- Contact:
-  walter.dabberdt@vaisala.com