# Presentation: 001887

## Answers to Session 5 Exercises: Subject Authority Records

**Exercise 1**: Internet voting
- 1. Is this an established heading?  If so, what type of heading?  If not, why not?
- 2. What does the 053 field indicate?

- Yes, this is an established topical heading.

- Consider classing in JF1032.

##   3. What information do you find in the 4XX and 5XX fields?

- The 4XX fields are See From / UF tracings for variant forms of the term Internet voting.

- The 5XX field is a See Also reference that is a broader term.

## 
1.  Is this an established heading?  If so, what type of heading?  If not, why not?

- 1.  Is this an established heading?  If so, what type of heading?  If not, why not?

- Yes, this is an established heading for a geographic feature.

- The heading was proposed by a SACO participating library (AzTeS = Arizona State University) and transcribed into machine-readable form by the Library of Congress.

- 2.  What does the 040 field indicate?

**Exercise 2:  **Fools Hollow Lake (Ariz.)

## 3. What information do you find in the 4XX and 5XX fields?

- 4. What does the 781 field tell you?

- The 781 field tells the cataloger how to use the heading as a geographic subdivision.

- The 4XX field is a See From / UF tracing for a variant form of the name.

- The 5XX fields are See Also references that are broader terms.

## 1. Is this an established heading? If so, what type of heading?  If not, why not?

2. What does the 360 field indicate?

- 2. What does the 360 field indicate?

- Yes, this is an established topical heading.

- The 360 field translates as “See Also.”  The cataloger may need to use the subdivision --**Rural conditions** under names of countries, etc.

**Exercise 3:  **Rural conditions

## 3. Can the term in the 150 field be subdivided geographically? 

4. Would you use this heading for a work on rural conditions in Afghanistan? 

- 4. Would you use this heading for a work on rural conditions in Afghanistan?

- No.

- No, you would use the subdivision **--Rural conditions** under the heading for Afghanistan.

## 5. Would you use this heading for a memoir about growing up in rural Ireland? 

- No, the scope note indicates that the heading **Rural conditions** would not be appropriate for such a work.  Instead, you would use a heading such as **Country life--Ireland**.

## 1.  Is this an established heading?   If so, what type of heading?  If not, why not?

- No, this is a reference record, as indicated by fixed field codes and the 260 field.

- Auth/status: n  (no level of establishment)
- Auth/ref:  c  (traced reference)
- Subj use:  b  (not appropriate for use as a subject added entry)

**Exercise 4:  **Foreign relations

- 2.  Which fixed field elements are critical in understanding this authority record?

## Use the subdivision --Foreign relations under names of countries, instead of using the term Foreign relations as a heading.

- 3.  What does the 260 field indicate?

## 1.  Is this an established heading?     If so, what type of heading?  If not, why not?

- Yes, this is an established topical subdivision authority record.

**$x Foreign relations** is a topical subdivision which can be used under names of countries, etc., and individual Christian denominations.

- 2.  What does the scope note indicate?

**Exercise 5:  **Foreign relations

## 3. What information do you find in the 480 field? 

- The 480 field is a UF reference for the earlier valid form of the subdivision.

- This subdivision appears on the free-floating lists H 1140 (Names of Places) and H 1187 (Christian Denominations) in the ***SCM:SH***.

- 4.  What does the 073 field indicate?

- Yes.

- 5.  Could the term in the 180 field be subdivided geographically?

## 1.  Is this an established heading?    If so, what type of heading?  If not, why not?

- This is an established heading, but in the Library of Congress subject headings for children list.  This is a separate subject vocabulary used in the cataloging of juvenile materials.

**Exercise 6:  **Premature babies

## 2.  Which fixed field element is critical in understanding this authority record? 

3. What does the 010 field indicate?

- 3. What does the 010 field indicate?

- Subj: b  (subject heading system/thesaurus is LC subject headings for children)

- The “sj” prefix is another indication that this is a juvenile subject heading.

## Answers to Session 6 Exercises:  Application of Main Headings

*1.  Encyclopedia of mules and horses.*
*2.  Encyclopedia of horses, donkeys, and mules.*

**Mules.**
**Horses.**

**Horses.**
**Donkeys.**
**Mules.**

## 3.   Horses, swine, and other four-legged farm animals.
	a.  Coverage: horses 30%, swine 30%, others 40%

	b.  Coverage: no animal constitutes 20%

- 	*a.  Coverage: horses 30%, swine 30%, others 40%*
*	*
*	**b.  Coverage: no animal constitutes 20%*

**Livestock****.**

**Livestock****.**
**Horses.**
**Swine.**

**Notes:**
One of the things this example illustrates is that you cannot always rely solely on the title to determine the subject content, and that based on the actual content, the subject headings assigned may be different.

## 4.  Cows, ewes, hens, and mares of the farm.

5.  Guide to cows, bulls, and calves.

6.  Farm animals : a guide for sheep, pigs, and goats.

*5.  Guide to cows, bulls, and calves.*
*6.  Farm animals : a guide for sheep, pigs, and goats.*

**Female livestock****.**

**Cattle****.**

**Sheep****.**
**Swine.**
**Goats.**

## 7.  Farm animals : a guide for chicken, ducks, geese, and turkeys.

8.  How to tell male and female livestock apart.

*8.  How to tell male and female livestock apart.*

**Poultry.**

**Male livestock. ****	**
**Female livestock.**

**OR****   ****propose new heading:****      ****Livestock--Sexing.**

## Answers to Session 7 Exercises:Application of Subdivisions

## 1. Retire rich : the baby boomer's guide to a secure future. 

Heading:  Baby boom generation
Free-floating list:   
Headings with subdivisions:

- Heading:  **Baby boom generation**
- Free-floating list:
- Headings with subdivisions:

** ****Baby boom generation $z United States**
** ****$x Finance, Personal.**

** ****Baby boom generation $x Retirement **
** ****$z United States.**

- H 1100  Classes of Persons

**Notes:**
Does the heading fit one of the lists?  YES: H 1100 Classes of persons list—“Types of headings covered” includes “age and sex groups.”
2) Browse list for appropriate subdivisions: what did you find?  Two free-floating subdivisions on this list are applicable:
	$x Finance, Personal  (H 1624)
	$x Retirement  (May Subd Geog)
Note that for $x Finance, Personal you are referred to H 1624 Finance, which gives fuller information on application of the subdivision. [open this and show scope note for use of the subdivision] 
3) Is there a conflict with an established heading?  NO.  Look at the LCSH entry for Baby boom generation; there are no established subdivisions following the main heading.  
4) Are there other aspects to bring out? YES. There is a geographic focus to this work: the United States.  The heading Baby boom generation may be subdivided geographically (see authority record, LSCH entry). The subdivision $x Retirement may be subdivided geographically.  That subject heading string will be:
	Baby boom generation $x Retirement $z United States.
The subdivision $x Finance, Personal may NOT.  The geographic subdivision must follow the main heading and precede the topical subdivision:
	Baby boom generation $z United States $x Finance, Personal

## 2. Television under the Tories : broadcasting policy, 1979-1997. 

Heading:  Television broadcasting
Free-floating list:   
Heading with subdivisions:

- Heading:  **Television broadcasting**
- Free-floating list:
- Heading with subdivisions:

** ****Television broadcasting policy $z Great**
** ****Britain $x History $y 20****th**** century.**

- H 1153  Industries

**Notes:**
Does the heading fit one of the lists? YES: H 1153 Industries. This may not be obvious because the heading does not include the word “industry.”  Note the sentence in the “Types of headings covered”  paragraph that addresses this, and also that the authority record shows that the former heading was Television industry.
2) Browse list for appropriate subdivisions: what did you find?
	Looking for:  $x Government policy
3) Is there a conflict?  YES
In LCSH, you find Television broadcasting—Government policy USE Television broadcasting policy
4) Other aspects to bring out?  YES, the geographic focus of the work and the fact that it is a historical treatment.
The heading Television broadcasting policy may be subdivided geographically.
Remember that subdivisions from H 1095 may be assigned, if appropriate.  
$x History is appropriate, in this case.  It may not be subdivided geographically. Chronological subdivisions will be discussed in depth in Session 9.)
The resulting heading is: 
	Television broadcasting policy $z Great Britain $x History
[Instructor may wish to note that in the real life cataloging of this book, the subject heading Television and politics $z Great Britain $x History was also assigned.]

## Answers to Session 8 Exercises: Geographic Subdivision

- Title: *New York City traffic survey report.*
- Heading:

**Traffic surveys--New York (State)--New York**

**Exercise 1**

**Notes:**
The form of the geographic name comes from the 781 field in the authority record for New York (N.Y.)

## Exercise 2
Title: The forests and flora of British Honduras.
Headings:		

- Title: *The forests and flora of British Honduras*.
- Headings:

** ****Forests and forestry**--**Belize**

** ****Plants--Belize**

** ****Timber--Belize**

**Notes:**
The authority record for British Honduras gives a subject usage note, indicating to use the form Belize.

## Exercise 3
Title: Telecommunications in Northern Alberta.
Heading:

- Title: *Telecommunications in Northern Alberta*.
- Heading:

** ****Telecommunication--Alberta, Northern**

**Notes:**
Inverted headings for regions of countries of first-order political divisions are assigned directly (cf. slide 17); this is also indicated by the 781 field in the authority record for Alberta, Northern.

## Cancer--Texas--Texas Panhandle--Statistics

**Exercise 4**
- Title: *Cancer incidence, Texas Panhandle, 1976-1985*.
- Headings:

**Texas Panhandle (Tex.)--Statistics, Medical**

**Notes:**
The form for the geographic region is found in the 781 field of the authority record. Its treatment differs from that of Northern Alberta because the heading is not inverted. The subdivision “Statistics, Medical” is found in a note for the heading Medical statistics.

## Cousteau, Jacques Yves--Travel--Amazon River Region

**Exercise 5**
- Title: *An adventure in the Amazon*.
- Headings:

**Natural history--Amazon River Region**

**Indians of South America--Amazon River Region**

**Amazon River Region--Description and travel**

**Notes:**
Use of the term “Region” with geographic names is discussed in Session 12 (slide 12-27).
The subdivision “Travel” is found in H1110 Names of Persons. 
“Description and travel” is found in the subject authority record for Travel.

## Answers to Session 8 Exercises: Geographic Subdivision 

**Exercise 6**
- Title: *Magical nights at the theatre : a chronicle*.
- Headings:

**Music-halls (Variety-theaters, cabarets, etc.)--Australia--Melbourne (Vic.)**

**Entertainers--Australia--Melbourne (Vic.)**

**Theater--Australia--Melbourne (Vic.)--History**

**Vaudeville--Australia--Melbourne (Vic.)--History**

**Notes:**
[NOTE: Slide is not animated; all answers appear at once.]

Australia is not an exceptional country, so state is not interposed between country and city (cf. slide 45).

## Exercise 7
Title: Take me to Coney Island. 
Headings:		

- Title: *Take me to Coney Island*.
- Headings:

**Jews--Québec (Province)--Montréal--Social life and customs**

**Children of immigrants--Québec (Province)--Montréal**

**Notes:**
Subdivision “Social life and customs” is found in H1103 Ethnic Groups.

## Exercise 8
Title: Assessment of regional earthquake hazards and risk along the Wasatch Front, Utah.
Headings:          	

- Title: *Assessment of regional earthquake hazards and risk along the Wasatch Front, Utah.*
- Headings:

** ****Earthquake hazard analysis--Wasatch Range (Utah and  Idaho)**

** ****Earthquake hazard analysis--Utah**

**Notes:**
[NOTE: Answers appear in two separate arrow downs. ]

This region is larger than a first-order political division, so it is entered directly (cf. slide 18).

## Exercise 9
Title: History on the line : testimony in the cause of preservation.
Headings:		

- Title: *History on the line : testimony in the cause of preservation*.
- Headings:

**Historic buildings--Conservation and restoration--Washington (D.C.)**

**Architecture--Conservation and restoration--Washington (D.C.)**

**Historic preservation--Washington (D.C.)**

- Note: LC also adds the heading **Washington (D.C.)--Buildings, structures, etc.--Conservation and restoration**

## Exercise 10
Title: Amawoti--responding to the needs and rights of people with disabilities.
Headings:

- Title: *Amawoti--responding to the needs and rights of people with disabilities*.
- Headings:

**People with disabilities--South Africa--Durban Region--Social conditions**

**People with disabilities--Civil rights--South Africa--Durban Region**

**People with disabilities--Services for--South Africa--Durban Region**

**Squatter settlements--South Africa--Durban Region**

**Notes:**
[NOTE: All answers appear with a single arrow down.]

Subdivisions “Civil rights” and “Services for” come from H 1100 Classes of Persons. 

Region is not larger than a single country or first-order political division, hence entered directly.

## Answers to Session 9 Exercises: Chronological Subdivision

- 1)  *Experimenting with democracy : regime change in the Balkans.*

-  Balkan Peninsula $x Politics and government
-  $y **1989-**

- 2)  *Ideologies and national identities : the case of twentieth-century Southeastern Europe.*

-  Balkan Peninsula $x Politics and government
-  $y **20th century.**

## 3)  Balkans since the second World War.

- 4)  *Southeast European politics today.*

-  Balkan Peninsula $x Politics and government
-  $y **1989-**

-  Balkan Peninsula $x Politics and government
-  $y **1945-1989.**
-  Balkan Peninsula $x Politics and government
-  $y **1989-**

-  Balkan Peninsula $x Politics and government
-  $y **21st century.**

**OR**

**Notes:**
[Notes for no. 4:

ANIMATED: TWO DOWN ARROWS TO SHOW BOTH HEADINGS
 Depending on the balance of material, either heading might be appropriate.  With the book in hand, you could more easily review the contents of the work to determine this.  Also consider existing headings in your catalog: which heading would place this book with like materials?]

## 5)  Jews in the post-war world.

- 6)  *Jews in the modern world : a history since 1750.*

-  Jews $x History $y **1789-1945.**
** **Jews $x History $y** 1945-**
** ****Judaism $x History $y Modern period, 1750-**

-  Jews $x History $y **1945-**

-  Jews $x History $y **19th century.**

- 7)  *A history of the Jews in the nineteenth century.*

## 8)  Two generations in perspective : notable events and trends, 1896-1956.

-  Jews $x History $y **20th century.**

**Notes:**
This work focuses on the first part of the 20th century.  The established date ranges that would provide coverage for this title extend far beyond the coverage of the work.  The heading Jews $x History $y 1789-1945 covers from the French Revolution through World War II, including all of the 19th century.  The content of the work is better encompassed by the free-floating subdivision $x History $y 20th century.

## Answers to Session 11 Exercises:  MARC Coding

*Sports hero : Henry Aaron.*
*               *Aaron, Hank,       1934-       Juvenile literature.
-                African American baseball players  Biography       Juvenile literature.
*Microsoft in the mirror : nineteen insiders reflect on the experience.*
*                *Microsoft Corporation  ** **    Employees  ** **  Biography.
-                 Computer software industry      United States.

**$v**

**$d***** ***

**$v**

**$v**

**600 10**

**650 _0**

**$v**

**610 20**

**$x**

**$z**

**650 _0**

**Notes:**
[NOTE: Every code requires an arrow down in order to appear.]

## Canada-Japan : policy issues for the future.
              Canada       Economic conditions     1945-            	Congresses.
              Canada      Foreign economic relations    Japan       Congresses.
              Japan      Foreign economic relations  Canada      Congresses.

*              *Canada       Economic conditions     1945-            	Congresses.
-               Canada      Foreign economic relations    Japan       Congresses.
-               Japan      Foreign economic relations  Canada      Congresses.

**$v**

**$x***** ***

**$y**

**$v**

**651 _0**

**651 _0**

**$z**

**$x**

**$z**

**651 _0**

**$x**** **

**$v**

**Notes:**
[NOTE: Every code requires an arrow down in order to appear.]

## Union list of serials in Canada Department of Agriculture Libraries.
              Canada.       Dept. of Agriculture.    Library      Catalogs.
              Agriculture       Periodicals        Bibliography      Union lists.
              Catalogs, Union      Canada.

*              *Canada.       Dept. of Agriculture.    Library      Catalogs.
-               Agriculture       Periodicals        Bibliography      Union lists.
-               Catalogs, Union      Canada.

**$v**

**$b**

*** *****$v**

**610 10**

**650 _0**

**$z**

**$b**

**650 _0**

**$x**

**$v**

**Notes:**
[NOTE: Every code requires an arrow down in order to appear.]

## Saying it's so : a cultural history of the Black Sox scandal. 
                Chicago White Sox (Baseball team)     	History.
                 World Series (Baseball)       (1919)

The Brontës A to Z : the essential reference to their lives and work.
                 Brontë family       Encyclopedias.
                 Authors, English       19th century  
		 Biography       Encyclopedias.

*                *Chicago White Sox (Baseball team)     	History.
-                  World Series (Baseball)       (1919)
*The Brontës A to Z : the essential reference to their lives and work*.
-                  Brontë family       Encyclopedias.
-                  Authors, English       19th century
- 		 Biography       Encyclopedias.

**$v**

**$x***** ***

**610 20**

**611 20**

**$y**

**600 30**

**$v**

**$d**

*** *****$v**

**650 _0**

**Notes:**
[NOTE: Every code requires an arrow down in order to appear.]

## The Empire State Building. 
                Empire State Building (New York, N.Y.) 		  Pictorial works.
                Skyscrapers      New York (State)      New 	  	  York      Design and construction      Pictorial 	 	  works.

Lewis & Clark in North Dakota. 
                Lewis and Clark Expedition       (1804-1806)       	        Exhibitions.
                North Dakota       Discovery and exploration        	        Exhibitions.

*                *Empire State Building (New York, N.Y.) 		  Pictorial works.
-                 Skyscrapers      New York (State)      New 	  	  York      Design and construction      Pictorial 	 	  works.
*Lewis & Clark in North Dakota.**** ***
*                *Lewis and Clark Expedition       (1804-1806)       	        Exhibitions.
-                 North Dakota  ** **    Discovery and exploration  ** **     	        Exhibitions.

**$v**

**$v***** ***

**610 20**

**650 _0**

**$x**

**611 20**

**$d**

**$z**

*** *****$v**

**651 _0**

**$z **

**$x**

**$v**

**Notes:**
[NOTE: Every code requires an arrow down in order to appear.]

## Answers to Session 15 Exercises: SACO

**1)  *****What established subject heading(s) would you assign to this work?***

-  **Cookies**
** ****Christmas cookery**

**2)  *****Based on the principle of specificity, could you think of a heading that would be as specific as the subject of the book?***

-  **Christmas cookies**

**Work being cataloged: *****The Joy of Baking Christmas Cookies*****.**

**Notes:**
Two headings would be needed: Cookies and Christmas cookery.

2.  “Christmas cookies” is the most likely form of the heading.  Christmas cakes has already been established and can be used as a pattern.  Specific kinds of cookies have also been established, such as Chocolate chip cookies and Girl Scout cookies.

## 3)  What would you need to do to propose a new heading?

** ****research to justify heading and variants**

** ****determine the broader term(s) needed–how the proposed heading fits hierarchically into LCSH**

**  ****search relevant sources, including dictionaries, cooking reference sources, bibliographic databases, etc.**

**  ****demonstrate that proposed heading represents a discrete concept and that form selected reflects predominant usage**

**Notes:**
You would need to do authority research to justify the heading and to find any variant forms that would be cross-references.  Research should be done in sources relevant to the topic being established.  In this case, you might search general dictionaries and encyclopedias of cooking, and search bibliographic databases such as OCLC WorldCat to see if other books on Christmas cookies have been published.
It is not necessary to wait for several books to be published on a topic before proposing a subject heading for the topic, but it is important to demonstrate that the proposed heading represents a discrete, identifiable concept and that the form selected for the heading reflects predominant usage.
You would need to determine what the broader term(s) would be—how the proposed heading fits into the hierarchical structure of LCSH.

## 4)  What would the heading be?

** ****No UF references likely are needed**
** ****(unless research turned up some variant**
** ****terms for Christmas cookies)**

** ****Christmas cookies**

**    *****What, if any, would the UF reference(s) be?***

**   *****What would the BT reference(s) be?***

** ****Christmas cookery**
** ****Cookies**

## 1)  Is a SACO proposal for this geographic feature  warranted?  

-  **Yes.  A heading for this specific river is**
** ****needed for the work being cataloged and has**
** ****not yet been established.**

**Work being cataloged: *****a publication on environmental conditions in the Quillayute River in Washington State*****.**

**Notes:**
1.  Yes, a SACO proposal is warranted.  A heading for this specific river is needed for the subject of the work being cataloged and no existing heading covers it.

##   What would be the benefits of making a SACO proposal?

** ****Authority processing can verify heading on bibliographic records**
** ****Authority record will be available in utilities and on the LC Authorities website**
** ****Heading will be included in LCSH**
** ****Cross-references in LCSH and in catalog will benefit users**
** ****Research to determine name only has to be done once**

**Notes:**
You could use the appropriate geographic heading without proposing it through SACO, but you would lose the ability to verify the subject heading through authority processing and your catalog users would not benefit from cross-references from variant forms of the name to the authorized form.

##   Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) for U.S. and Antarctica features

**  ****gazetteers, atlases, maps, guidebooks, etc. as supplementary sources**
**  *****GEOnet Names Server (GNS)***** for features outside of the U.S.**
**  *****Web Resources for SACO Proposals***** on SACO home page links to many online geographic resources**

**    *****What kinds of reference sources should you consult?***

**Notes:**
For geographic features in the U.S., the primary reference source is Geographic Names Information System (GNIS).  If a geographic name is found in GNIS, you would not need to check additional sources unless there were unresolved questions about the name.  In this example, the name is found in GNIS and no additional research is required, but an additional source is shown to illustrate the type of information that might be found in a general gazetteer such as the Columbia Gazetteer of North America.
Other sources that may be useful include gazetteers for a particular state, atlases, maps, or guidebooks.  For features outside the U.S., the online GEOnet Names Server (GNS) is an authoritative source that should be consulted if available.  On the SACO home page, there is a resource entitled Web Resources for SACO Proposals that provides links to a large number of online resources for geographic names.

## 2)  Based on the information found in the sources shown, fill in the subject authority proposal form.

**151**	   Authorized heading:  **Quillayute River (Wash.)**

**451**	   UF:  **Quillehute River (Wash.)**

**451**	   UF:  **Quillyhuyte River (Wash.)**

**550**	   BT:  **Rivers $z Washington (State)**

- 781 _0  $z** Washington (State) **$z** Quillayute River**

## A completed SACO proposal would also include:
008/06 – code for geographic subdivision or not
040 – proposing library’s MARC organization code
053 – classification number if appropriate
670 – citations of the work being cataloged that generated the SACO proposal and of other reference sources consulted along with information found to justify the heading and cross-references
675 – citations of sources consulted in which no relevant information was found
680 – scope note if appropriate
667 – nonpublic general note if appropriate (e.g., to indicate that a geographic heading is not valid for use as a geographic subdivision)

**008/06**** – code for geographic subdivision or not**
**040**** – proposing library’s MARC organization code**
**053**** – classification number if appropriate**
**670**** – citations of the work being cataloged that generated the SACO proposal and of other reference sources consulted along with information found to justify the heading and cross-references**
**675**** – citations of sources consulted in which no relevant information was found**
**680**** – scope note if appropriate**
**667**** – nonpublic general note if appropriate (e.g., to indicate that a geographic heading is not valid for use as a geographic subdivision)**

**Notes:**
008/06 – geographic features are coded “no decision”
053 – in this case, 053 is not appropriate
670 – each source cited is put in its own 670 field
675 – field is not required, but can be used to show that the cataloger searched a relevant source or sources but didn’t find any information.  Field is not repeatable; multiple sources are included in one 675 field, separated by separate subfield $a’s.

## See Appendix F for an example of what a complete SACO proposal for the Quillayute River might look like.