# Presentation: 407708

## VERRESVLTA Emergency Requirement Research Evaluation Study Crew Co-operation in VLTA

**The Fourth Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference**
**Lisbon Conference Centre Portugal 15-18 November 2004**

## Agenda

** ****VERRES project introduction**
** ****Approach of the study**
** ****Theoretical aspects**
** ****Main Issues concerning Co-ordination of ****	****	****	****Cabin Crews in VLTA **
** ****Actual Crew co-ordination limitations and VLTA**
** ****Recommended study perspectives for future ****	****	****research**

## VERRES Context

**Notes:**
VERRES: European Commission/DG TREN funded project to examine some of the evacuation issues relevant to evacuation from next generation of Very Large Transport Aircraft (VLTA). 

The final results will be used as a working support for JAA.

## VERRES project

- WP3: Aspects of occupants safety for VLTA concepts

**Notes:**
Work organization in the VERRES project :

 Wp1 and WP2 : state of the art concerning:
	- the configurational aspects for VLTA and
	- Investigating the requirements of a methodology utilising analysis and partial testing

Among the work done in the WP3 “Aspects of occupants safety for VLTA concepts”, an experiment was carried out by the VERRES Consortium and several analysis were conducted within the Consortium on the data collected during the experiment.
	- This presentation deals solely with one of these analyses, the Sofreavia analysis of the experimental data. 
	- The Sofreavia team in the VERRES project is composed of 3 persons : Mr Eric Andlauer, Mr Ludovic Moulin and myself

The next steps of the project are the Wp4 (Synthesis of all the VERRES results) and then Wp5 (Dissemination of the final results).
At the moment, the WP3 and WP4 are under finalisation process.

## Objective and Approach of the Study

** ****Objective : identification of the main issues in ****	****	****order to guide future VLTA research or design **
*** *****Approach:**
**Bibliographical research (state of the art)**
-  Theoretical aspects
-  Past researches in the domain
**Experts assessment with professional CC (Virgin Atlantic)**
*** *****Make***** *****recommendations from a social and ****	****	****	****technical point of view based on these three ****	****	****sources of information**

**Notes:**
Various scenarios according to exit availability.
	In  each experimental session, the CCs known the exits that were available only 10 seconds after the evacuation order.

Double deck mock-up => link slide n°31. 

## Theoretical Appraisal

** ****Synergy (**_**[](slide11.xml)**_**) obey to precise conditions which are difficult to reach in general, and particularly questioning in the context on emergency situation in VLTA, requiring specific training, procedures and equipment**
** ****Emergency situation management requires Redundancy and Co-operation between the different actors of the flight. Good communication is of paramount importance to the quality of co-ordination**
** ****To avoid co-ordination breakdown in VLTA, research should be conducted on additional communication means to be used in normal and abnormal operation**

**Notes:**
In the following presentation :
The first case study that will be presented today is in the « Free Choice » condition.
The second case study is in the Going Up with Stair Crew condition.
And the third case study is in the Going Up without Stair Crew condition. 

## Identified Issues in past research on Cabin Crews Co-ordination in VLTA

** ****Task allocation should be based on the number of fully qualified Cabin Crew**
** ****Task allocation should insure a balanced tasks sharing to optimise workload and insure complementary mental representation among Cabin Crew**
** ****Non Door Cabin Crew activity should be formalised and taken into account, above all in the eventuality of staircase in the cabin**
** ****Independent or integrated double deck lead to the same demands: Non Door Cabin Crew at stairs, additional communication devices and specific training for all the crew members**

**Notes:**
The Analysis carried out by Sofréavia in the framework of the VERRES experiment is in line with the French cognitive psychology approach. 
This approach is human behaviour oriented and  focuses on the operators work : the Cabin crew ’s work as evacuation manager.

## Experts assessment

** ****CCs assessment of Actual issues in the cabin management on normal operation **
**Operators involved**
**Time needed to solve the problem**
**Technical difficulty**
**Frequency of the issues**
** ****Key safety tasks per flight phases**
** ****Assessment of the likely impact of the main issues**
**Size of the crew**
**Size of the cabin**
**Number of passengers**
** ****Increased probability of key safety tasks, with a risk of simultaneity of critical tasks****	****	****	**

## Crew co-ordination actual limitations and VLTA

** ****Focusing Cabin Crew co-ordination should involve the study of co-ordination with other actors as Flight Crew and Ground Staff**
** ****Some actual difficulties in Cabin Crew co-ordination may be worse in VLTA features, because their frequency of occurrence, and resolving time would increase**
** ****A special emphasis should be given to Pursers role definition, procedures definition and specific equipment to support their activity in a VLTA environment**

**Notes:**
Sofréavia used the famous « control of the situation model » to analyse the experimental data. 

## Recommendations for future researches

-  Within the social field:
- Recurrent joined management training with Flight crew and Ground Staff (boarding team, firemen)
- Specific training module should be developed for CCs in VLTA, dealing with :
** **Situations likely to become more demanding on VLTA’s features
-  The formalisation of the stairs management
-  The Double deck management
-  Integration of the Non Door CCs function in training and emergency evacuation procedures
-  Within the technical field:
- New adapted communication tools should be designed between the CCs, CCs and Ground Staff in normal and abnormal situations

## Synergy : definition

-  Ideal condition for teamwork consisting in:
- Common objectives
- Accepted leadership
- Explicit and Adaptive task allocation
- Information sharing
- Matching between local tactics and global strategy
-  The team performance is superior to the sum of the individual performances

- _[Back](slide6.xml)_

## The Fourth Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety 

**The Fourth Triennial ****International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety **
**Research Conference**