# Presentation: 917778

## Security in Air Transportation

- Brief History of Air Cargo Security
- Chain of Checks & Balances
- Hazardous material controls

## Heightened Security in   Air Transportation

- A Brief History

## 1961

**4 U.S. aircraft were hijacked in the first series of hijackings.                 The Federal Air Marshall program began.**

- 1968 - 1970

**Renewed series of hijackings caused the U.S. to implement expanded security requirements including passenger screening. **

- 1972

**The U.S. airlines began screening all carry on luggage. This proved to be successful and in 1973, there were no hijackings in the U.S.**

- 1988

**The bombing of Pan American flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland heightened concern of airline safety procedures. The FAA began focusing on unaccompanied items such as air freight. **

**The explosion of TW 800 triggered improved cargo security procedures including inspection of shipments from unknown shippers & requiring Security Declarations on all shipments. **

- 1996

## September 11, 2001

**and then...**

## A Brief History

** ****On November 19, 2001, President Bush signed into law the Aviation & Transportation Security Act. **

**Part of this was the creation of the  ****Transportation Security Administration****,                               (****TSA****)                                              which now falls under the                       ****Dept of Homeland Security.**

## A Brief History

** ****the handling of cargo**
**the security of aircraft and facilities**
**reporting unlawful acts of interference**

**The ****TSA**** is charged with the responsibility for inspecting persons **_**and property**_** carried by aircraft operators and foreign air carriers.**

## Security in Air Transportation

**Security Regulations are constantly modified in accordance with the                                   most current risk assessment**
**to insure the protection of**
- People
- Property
- Aircraft

## Security Checks & Balances

- Government Agencies

- Airlines

- Shippers

- Indirect Air Carriers

- Surface Transporters

- Manufacturers

- Personnel

- IATA, FAA, TSA, DOT

- Freight Forwarders

- Trucking Companies

- Foreign & Domestic

- Retail Companies

- Wholesale Companies

- Employees of all above

## Security Checks & Balances

- Government Agencies

- Airlines

- Shippers

- Indirect Air Carriers

- Surface Transporters

- Manufacturers

- Personnel

**Each entity in the transport chain is responsible to insure that all cargo is**
- from a reliable source,
- protected from outside tampering,
- packaged properly to minimize hazard risks,
- handled by trained personnel,
- documented accurately.

## Security Checks & Balances

- have passed a rigorous background check
- be successfully trained in security procedures
- report any signs of tampering
- have specialized DGR training if they will be involved in the packing or transport of this type of cargo

**All staff**** with access to cargo destined for air transport must****:**

## Hazardous material controls

- Hazmat (also known as DGR) must adhere to even more stringent controls in order to insure the safety of everyone in the transport chain.

## Hazardous material controls

- _Packaging_: Specific requirements based on
- Hazard Class
- Quantity
- Transport mode

- _Labeling_: including
- Hazards
- Contents
- Special Handling

- _Documentation_
- All of the above +
- Emergency Contact information

- _Loading_
- Compatibility
- Accessibility

## Hazardous material controls

- In the hands of terrorists, in an uncontrolled environment, these commodities can pose an even greater threat.

- _Risks involved in hazmat cargo transport:_

- Accidental damage to these shipments can cause an “incident” which can endanger people, property and the environment.

## Hazardous material controls

- Strict packing regulations prevent physical inspection of the contents, so security screening methods are limited.

- Hazmat shipments have a high risk of inflicting harm if they are lost, damaged or stolen, so additional regulations apply.

## Hazardous material controls

**Security Requirements have been added to the**
- CFR (“Code of Federal Regulations” )
- After **March 25, 2003** all hazmat employees must receive ***security awareness training*** _***with***_ their recurrent hazmat training.
- By **September 24,2003**, every person or company who transports hazmat ***must develop & adhere to a security plan.***
- By **December 22, 2003** all ***employees*** of these companies ***must be trained in this security plan***.

## Hazardous material controls

- At a _*minimum*_, the security plan must include:
- Personnel Security -verified background checks of job applicants.
- Unauthorized access - preventing unauthorized persons from gaining access to these goods

## Hazardous material controls

- The security plan must also include:
- En route security - measures to assess and address the security risks in transit from origin to destination, including storage areas.
- Written copies of the plan, available to all employees on a “need to know” basis.
- Revisions and updates as necessary to reflect changing circumstances.

## Security in Air Transportation

*Security in ****Air Transport**** is only one of many components under the scrutiny of the **TSA**.*
* **Diligent protection & oversight of Hazmat cargo is a critical element in the defense of **Homeland Security**.*

## Security in Air Transportation

*Thank you for your attention*.
- Any Questions?