# Presentation: 272766

## CNI FALL 2000 – San Antonio, Texas – December 8th 2000

- Closing Keynote Address

- Herbert Van de Sompel
- Cornell University
- Computer Science – Digital Library Group

## Slide 2

**Notes:**
Reason for doing the concrete part: informative + an understanding will be helpfull for the second part

## 0

**0**

## The OAMH protocol is a low-barrier interoperability specification for the recurrent exchange of metadata between systems

## the OAMH protocol

- service provider

- data provider

**6**

**Notes:**
The terms data provider and servidde provider may somehow be misleading; the reasons that they are there is that we do indeed think of the harvester as being a system that wants to provide services for data collected from multiple repositories.  Still, it is perfectly imaginable that the protocol would only be used as aa meaans to sync metadata between 2 sys; as such no real notion of service provision would be involved.

## federated services

## metadata harvesting via OAMH

- metadata

- FTXT

## federated services via OAMH

- metadata

## Core concepts in OAMH

-  low-barrier interoperability
-  data-provider & service-provider model
-  metadata harvesting model

- OAMH protocol

- Dublin Core

- HTTP based

- Community specific

-  shared metadata format and parallel, community-specific metadata formats

-  acceptable use

## OAI harvesting tools

- service provider

- data provider

- Datestamp
- Identifier
- Set

- Records

## OAI harvesting tools

- Supporting protocol requests:
-  Identify
-  ListMetadataFormats
-  ListSets

- Harvesting protocol requests:
-  ListRecords
-  ListIdentifiers
-  GetRecord

- service provider

- data provider

## supporting protocol requests

- ListMetadataFormats

- ListMetadataFormats / Time / Request
-  *REPEAT*
-  Format prefix
-  Format XML schema
*/REPEAT*

- service provider

- data provider

## harvesting requests

-                      * from=a
-                      * until=b
-                      * set=klm
- ListRecords  * metadataPrefix=dc

- ListRecords / Time / Request
-  *REPEAT*
-  Identifier
-  Datestamp
-  Metadata
*/REPEAT*

- service provider

- data provider

## Applications of the OAMH protocol?

-  federated services [S&R, SDI, alerting, linking, ...]
-  database synchronization
-  harvesting the deep Web
-  ...

**Notes:**
Harvesting deep web: cfr Springer putting static pages out in order for them to be indexed by Google and the likes

## 1

**1**

**Notes:**
Providing a protocol that would allow harvesting of the deep web wasn’t the original goal of the OAI.  The OAI roots are in the preprint world, as a matter of fact in an attempt to advance interoperabbility of preprints as a means to promote their global acceptance.  I am still very much dedicated to this goal.  Actually, I hope that a broad acceptance of the OAMH protocol may provide an even more solid basis for preprint related efforts.  In this part, I would like to speculate -- think aloud – about potential next steps on the original OAI preprint path.  I want to stress that this iss not official OAI discourse!  It is my very personal thinking.  I want to start with the indtoduction of some concepts that are essential for an understanding of here I am heading to.

## OAI roots: advance interoperability of preprints as a means to promote their global acceptance

-  What does the OAMH protocol mean in the preprint context?
-  Are there any steps to be taken beyond the OAMH protocol in the preprint context?

## What follows:

-  Scholarly communication systems
-  The paper and PDF implementation
-  The attractiveness of preprints
-  An interoperable, decomposed scholarly communication system built around preprints?

## Market of scholarly communication {Roosendaal & Geurts}

| registration | claiming a new finding |
| --- | --- |
| certification | certifying the claim |
| awareness | ensure information throughput |
| archiving | preserving the heritage |

**Notes:**
Each scholarly communication system MUST fullfill these functions

## Market of scholarly communication {Roosendaal & Geurts}

| registration | claiming a new finding |
| --- | --- |
| certification | certifying the claim |
| awareness | ensure information throughput |
| archiving | preserving the heritage |
|  |  |
| rewarding | evaluating & rewarding performance |
| accessibility | availibility and searchability |

## The paper version {the journal system}

| registration | publisher |
| --- | --- |
| certification | publisher |
| awareness | library [selection, service, support] |
| archiving | library |

## The PDF version {the journal system}

| registration | publisher |
| --- | --- |
| certification | publisher |
| awareness | publisher, distributor, library |
| archiving |  |

## {the journal system}

| registration | publisher |
| --- | --- |
| certification | publisher |
| awareness |  |
| archiving |  |
|  |  |
| rewarding |  |
| accessibility |  |

## {the journal system}

| registration | publisher |
| --- | --- |
| certification | publisher |
| awareness |  |
| archiving |  |
|  |  |
| rewarding |  |
| accessibility | low availibility [serials crisis] |

## {the journal system}

| registration | publisher |
| --- | --- |
| certification | publisher |
| awareness |  |
| archiving |  |
|  |  |
| rewarding | citation databases |
| accessibility | low availibility [serials crisis] |

## {the journal system}

| registration | publisher |
| --- | --- |
| certification | publisher |
| awareness | publisher, distributor, library |
| archiving |  |
|  |  |
| rewarding | citation databases |
| accessibility | low availibility [serials crisis] |

## {the journal system}

| registration | publisher |
| --- | --- |
| certification | publisher |
| awareness | publisher, distributor, library |
| archiving | ??? |
|  |  |
| rewarding | citation databases |
| accessibility | low availibility [serials crisis] |

**Notes:**
Normally we say: if everything else fails, read the manuaal, but unfortunately there is no manual

## It is -- at least -- legitimate to reflect on the possibility of a digital system for scholarly communication that is not merely a scanned copy of the paper system.

- In order to free our minds: let’s forget about who has been doing what and how in the existing system.

## A preprint in a digital scholarly communication system

| registration | yes |
| --- | --- |
| certification | no |
| awareness | yes |
| archiving | no |
|  |  |
| rewarding | no |
| accessibility | high availibility |

## A preprint in a digital scholarly communication system

| registration | yes |
| --- | --- |
| certification | no |
| awareness | yes |
| archiving | no |
|  |  |
| rewarding | no |
| accessibility | high availibility |

## Registration via preprints suggests the feasibility of a deconstructed system for scholarly communication.

## registration

- awareness

- archiving

- certification

*rewarding*

## Communication via preprints suggests the possibility of preprints being the starting point of a new value chain in which the raw material -- the non-certified preprint -- is in open access.

##  sustaining versus disruptive technologies;

-  disruptive technologies:
-  somehow perform worse than established ones
-  not accepted by core customer base
-  but: convenient, cheap, ...
-  disruptive technologies can create competition in an existing value network by creating a new one first.
- => preprints as a disruptive technology

- The Innovator’s Dilemma {Christensen}

## registration

- awareness

- archiving

- certification

*rewarding*

## This urges us to think about:

-  how the functions of a scholarly communication system can be implemented in a digital environment
-  how the functions of a scholarly communication system can interoperate disregarding their implementation

## Slide 36

## registration

- awareness

- archiving

- certification

*rewarding*

## registration

- awareness

- archiving

- certification

*rewarding*

## registration

- awareness

- archiving

- certification

*rewarding*

- discovery

- certification

## registration

- awareness

- archiving

- certification

*rewarding*

- discovery

- certification

- usage logs

## registration

- awareness

- archiving

- certification

*rewarding*

- discovery

- certification

- usage logs

- preservation

## registration

- awareness

- archiving

- certification

*rewarding*

## registration

- awareness

- archiving

- certification

*rewarding*

## So what about the library?

- [ back to the who does what question ]

## Within the existing system, Libraries are trying hard to optimize the output of a system with far from optimal input.

## It has become increasingly difficult for Libraries to fullfill their fundamental role of safeguarding equity of access.

## In the PDF version of the information chain, Libraries are aggregating the aggregators.  

- That is a lot of aggregating for a digital world.

## At the core of the problems that Libraries are facing is the total dependancy on information held upstream in the information chain.

## As such, there are numerous incentives for Libraries:

-  to rethink themselves
-  to be pro-active in exploring alternative mechanisms for scholarly communication

##  Libraries are close to authors: 

-  a great position to fullfill the registration function i.e. obtain institutional material
-  a great position to archive institutional material
-  Libraries are fast at embracing new technologies
-  Libraries have very knowledgeable people
-  Libraries provide a level of redundancy in services that is no longer required in a digital environment
-  The Library as an institution that safeguardes equity of access has global representation

- Libraries: the good news

##  As organizations Libraries are slow movers, hosted by slowly moving institutions

-  Libraries are slow to recognize the fact that a new technology may allow [or beg] for a new mode of operation
-  The -- information -- world runs on Internet time

- Libraries: the bad news

## Slide 52

## ... and I don’t want to let it burn!