# Presentation: 669719

## Enabling High Efficiency Power Supplies for Servers : Update on industry, government and utility initiatives

**Brian Griffith**
**System Power Architect **
**Intel Corporation**

**Chris Calwell**
**Policy & Research Director**
**Ecos Consulting**
** **

## Agenda

**Importance of power supply efficiency**
**Server System Infrastructure (SSI) power supply efficiency requirements**
**Government & market programs to improve power supply efficiency**

## Why Is It Important to Reduce Computer Energy Use?

**IT equipment consumes $8 billion of electricity every year (100 billion kWh)**
**Computer electricity use is growing over twice as fast (3.2%/yr) as total electricity use (1.4%/yr)**
**Reducing power saves money, reduces heat and noise, and improves reliability**

## Data Center Power Challenge

**Effect**
**Partially populated racks**
**Increasing energy bills**

**Cause**
**Poor power delivery efficiency**
**Poor cooling efficiency**
**Increasing component power consumption**

- Focus of presentation

- Power Consumed by a typical 1U System

- Total AC power consumed by a 300W DC system = 973W

- Note: See PTMS010; Optimizing Data Centers with Intel’s Platform Power Tools, for more details

## Power Supply Efficiency Measurements

- Suppliers close to 80 plus and recommended SSI levels

## Power Supply Efficiency Measurements

- Rack efficiency higher to help data centers

**Notes:**
80 plus not targeted at rack systems
One tested PSU meets SSI recommended levels

## Importance of proper power supply

- Proper power supply sizing has a significant impact on system power consumption

**Efficiency varies 55% to 84% depending upon loading condition and capabilities **
**Input power reduces by 15% - 24%**
**N+1 redundant power supplies run lighter loads & lower efficiency**

## Importance of Power Supply Efficiency How much power per rack?

- Importance of Power Supply Efficiency How much power per rack?

- Typical low cost PSU = 70%
- High efficient PSU = 83%
- Typical usage = 50% of max

- rack max wattage range

- 2.2 kW - 2.8 kW / Rack savings

**Notes:**
Ecos:  Based on current data in Ecos server PS database, the average “Typical Usage” efficiency we have measured is 74.2%.  The best measured was 83.9%.  Regardless, let’s pick a base case and an efficient case and stick to this throughout the presentation.  Also, need either white text or a white background to make the graph and labels stand out.

## Importance of Power Supply EfficiencyHow much is paid  for energy?

- Importance of Power Supply EfficiencyHow much is paid  for energy?

- Energy cost = $0.07 / KWh
- Full 42U Rack

- Typical low cost PSU = 70%
- High efficient PSU = 83%
- Typical usage = 50% of max

- Note:
- Does not include HVAC or UPS energy losses for cooling and backup conversion. Multiply by ~2x for data center level energy cost.

- $1,700 - $1,400 / rack energy bill savings

**Notes:**
Take this up to the data center level with xx racks of power (get from Bill).  Ecos:  Shouldn’t we also update the energy costs here to reflect the current average $0.10?  Same as previous graph... black text on dark blue background difficult to read.

## Importance of Power Supply EfficiencyHow many systems can fit?

- Importance of Power Supply EfficiencyHow many systems can fit?

- Typical low cost PSU = 70%
- High efficient PSU = 83%
- Typical usage = 50% of max

- 4-5 more systems per rack

**Notes:**
Reference the 10KW rack power is a higher end data center.
Bill checking to see ifhis should be backed down to 7-8KW.
Ecos:  Again, text difficult to read.

## The Business Case for Increasing Server PSU Efficiency

- Power Supply Price Range

**83% Efficiency ≈ $90 per power supply savings annually on a 600W supply**

- Note: Assumes 50% PSU loading and includes data center losses (UPS, distribution, cooling)

**Notes:**
This is a good slide showing that the NPV assuming a 4 year life cycle could be several times more than the cost of the power supply – this is based on my excel calculator
Why aren’t OEMs making more efficient PSUs?

Ecos:  We do not need to have a continuous graph here.  We can simply have a bar chart showing two cases:  typical efficiency and high efficiency.  We can show the purchase price vs. the NPV of total savings over the lifetime in a bar chart which will be much easier to understand.

## Why is Efficiency Important to Promote?

**Power supply efficiency**
**Most running at 65% to 75% efficiency**
**Technology for 90% efficiency exists today**
**Price impacts easily pay for themselves**
**Effects**
**Improve data center rack utilization**
**Lower energy bill per system**

**Reducing power meets customer needs; cooler, lower TCO, more reliable**

**Notes:**
Ecos:  Technology for 90% efficiency is available at FULL LOAD but not at typical operating loads.  We should acknowledge this somewhere.

## Agenda

**Importance of power supply efficiency**
**Server System Infrastructure (SSI) power supply efficiency requirements**
**Government & market programs to improve power supply efficiency**

## Server System Infrastructure

**SSI will be promoting high efficient & power managed (PSMI) power supplies**
**Testing conditions align with ATX12V**
**Required and recommended levels**
**20%, 50%, and 100% loading**

**Visit the SSI booth #46 and PTMS007 for more details**

**Notes:**
DMTF (distributed management task force) server management forum; why aren’t they addressing this issue; PSMI?
Not yet established enough as an industry forum.

## SSI Efficiency levels (proposed)

| Loading | 20% | 50% | 100% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Required | 65% | 72% | 70% |
| Recommended | 75% | 80% | 77% |

***Rack efficiency at 20-50% loading critical to improve data center facility utilization***

| Loading | 20% | 50% | 100% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Required | 65% | 72% | 70% |
| Recommended | 78% | 83% | 80% |

- ATX & SSI pedestal (EPS12V, ERP12V)

- SSI Rack (EPS1U, ERP2U)

**SSI Industry specifications introduced to encourage more efficient power supplies**

**Notes:**
Ecos:  Why does this slide stress efficiency at 50% - 100% of load when we know from our data that server power supplies are loaded typically from 10% to 50% of rated load?  Why separate EPS12V and EPS1U?

## Agenda

**Importance of power supply efficiency**
**Server System Infrastructure (SSI) power supply efficiency requirements**
**Government & market programs to improve power supply efficiency**

## Desktop and Server Power Supply Developments

**CEC’s PIER program: **
**Test procedure**
**Efficiency measurements**
_***www.efficientpowersupplies.org***_
**Server and UPS efficiency research**
_***http://hightech.lbl.gov***_
**60 power supplies tested**
**In-use power measurements conducted**

## Comparing Server Power Supply Efficiency Specifications

|  |  |  |  | PS Electricity Use Per Year |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Specification | 20% Load | 50% Load | 100% Load | kWh | $ |
| Typical Server | 61% | 71% | 72% | 360 | $36 |
| SSI Required
(2005 proposed) | 65% | 72% | 70% | 345 | $35 |
| SSI Recommended
(2005 proposed) | 78% | 83% | 80% | 181 | $18 |
| 80 Plus | 80% | 80% | 80% | 140 | $14 |

***Note:  assumes loading in the 20% to 50% load range for 425 W***
***EPS1U power supply.***

**Notes:**
Ecos:  We will have an announcement of the new specification in time for the 100% content review.

## ENERGY STAR

** ****ITS 2004: EPA announces changes to desktop spec in upcoming Tier 1 revisions:**
**Revised “Sleep” and “Off” power levels**
**Likely addition of “Idle” mode power requirement**
**Power supply efficiency requirements**
**February 2005:  EPA publishes first draft of Tier 1 revisions**
**“****Computers” section on **_**[www.energystar.gov](http://www.energystar.gov/)**__** contains latest information on draft spec.**_

**Notes:**
Ecos:  We will have an announcement of the new specification in time for the 100% content review.

## Desktop and Server Power Supply Developments Timeline

***2004***

***2005***

***2006***

***2008***

**80 Plus**
**recruitment begins**

**ENERGY STAR **
**spec takes effect**

***2007***

**ENERGY STAR**
**ITS announcement**

**Expected 80 Plus**
**program duration**

**ENERGY STAR **
**spec revision **
**                     ********?******

**Grandfathering**
**period**
**                    ********?******

**First 80 Plus**
**qualifying units**
**announced**

## 80 Plus:  the Opportunity

**Manufacturers can get paid now to be compliant with future ENERGY STAR levels**
**Create market differentiation and profit opportunities for innovators other than expanding power supply wattage**
**Escape from the “commodity trap” of the power supply business**
**Third party validation of efficiency & power factor to help market products in U.S. and internationally**

**Notes:**
Include web address 80plus.org.

## 80 Plus Program Concept

**Manufacturer buy-down program for efficient power supplies in desktop PCs and desktop-derived servers**
**$5 per computer incentive for PCs, $10 for non-redundant servers (EPS12V and EPS1U)**
**$3 per computer for marketing support**
**80 Plus power supply qualifications**
**80% efficiency  at 20%, 50% and 100% load**
**True PF greater than 0.9 at 100% load**

**Notes:**
Include web address 80plus.org.

## 80 Plus Funding Support

## 80 Plus Qualifying Power Supplies

**First 80 Plus compliant PS**
**Seasonic  SS - 400HT**
**400W, ATX12V, PFC**
**More qualifying desktop power supplies expected in March and April**
**No qualifying server units to date**
**Visit **_**80Plus.org**_** for more details.**

**Notes:**
Ecos:  more information to be available for the 100% check-in.  As you can see, our chart shows a couple of desktop computer PSs meeting the 80 Plus guidelines.  Expect to have more soon.

## 80 Plus Benefits for Manufacturers

**Reduce heat and noise**
**Better rack and space utilization**
**Demonstrate industry leadership**
**Reduce TCO for customer**
**Positive environmental publicity**
**Tap into utilities’ $1.5 billion/yr of energy efficiency programs to promote products**

**80 Plus and labeling programs help manufacturers market more efficient computers and overcome price premiums**

## 2003-Early 2004  Measurements

**Notes:**
Ecos:  As mentioned, by the time of the next check-in, we should be at liberty to divulge information about some of the qualifying units.  Specify that these are desktop levels.

## Industry and Utility Specifications

**Notes:**
Ecos:  As mentioned, by the time of the next check-in, we should be at liberty to divulge information about some of the qualifying units.  Specify that these are desktop levels.

## 2004-2005 Measurements

**Notes:**
Ecos:  As mentioned, by the time of the next check-in, we should be at liberty to divulge information about some of the qualifying units.  Specify that these are desktop levels.

## Summary

**Reducing power meets customer needs; cooler, lower TCO, more reliable**
**SSI Industry specifications introduced to encourage more efficient power supplies**
**80 Plus and labeling programs help manufacturers market more efficient computers**
**Desktop experience so far illustrates what is possible with servers**

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