# Presentation: 667830

## Office of Industrial Technologies

- Bioenergy Feedstock Meeting
- November 6-9, 2001

- Biobased Products: Chemicals and Materials

## Facts & Figures: U.S. Energy Use

**Natural Gas 23%**

**Coal 22.3%**

**Petroleum 39.1%**

**Nuclear 7.9%**

**Renewables 7.7%**

**U.S. Energy Use 97 Quads**

**Population ~273 million**
**355 million Btu/capita **

**Industry 36.9%**

**Transportation 27%**

**Residential 19.7%**

**Commercial 16.4%**

## U.S. Crude Oil Imports

- Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration

## U.S. Consumption of Renewable Energy

**Total Renewable Energy Use 7.5 Quads**
**7.7% of U.S. Energy Consumption**

**Hydroelectric 46.8%**

** ****Wood and Waste 45%**

**Solar & Wind 1.5%**

**Geothermal 5.2%**

**Ethanol Fuel 1.5%**

## Biobased Products & Bioenergy 

- Executive Order on Developing and Promoting Biobased Products & Bioenergy - August 1999
- Biomass R&D Act of 2000 - June 2000
- National Academy of Sciences Report on Bio-Based Industrial Products - 2000

**Key Events**

**Notes:**
The stars are in alignment for biobased products and bioenergy.  Biobased products and other areas where plants are used to replace fossil fuels are moving forward very  fast.
The convergence of support in this area is truly unprecedented. Support has been bipartisan, and come from a wide array of both public and private sources (leading industry experts, academics, Legislative Branches, USDA, DOE, etc.).  That support translates into budgetary priorities.
In FY 2000, about $120 million was appropriated for DOE, including $6 million for a new way of doing business -  integrated R&D on bioproducts and bioenergy.  The Administration proposed about $174 million for FY 2001 for all bioenergy-related activities, with about $26 million of that for integrated R&D. 

## Biobased Products & Bioenergy 

- Biomass Research and Development Board (DOE, USDA, NSF, EPA, DOC, other Federal agencies)
- Biomass R&D Act Technical Advisory Committee

**Leadership**

- Promotes the use of Biobased Products and Bioenergy and authorizes funding for R&D.
- Directs the Secretaries of Energy and Agriculture to coordinate the efforts across the all the federal agencies involved.

**Biomass R&D Act of 2000**

**Notes:**
The stars are in alignment for biobased products and bioenergy.  Biobased products and other areas where plants are used to replace fossil fuels are moving forward very  fast.
The convergence of support in this area is truly unprecedented. Support has been bipartisan, and come from a wide array of both public and private sources (leading industry experts, academics, Legislative Branches, USDA, DOE, etc.).  That support translates into budgetary priorities.
In FY 2000, about $120 million was appropriated for DOE, including $6 million for a new way of doing business -  integrated R&D on bioproducts and bioenergy.  The Administration proposed about $174 million for FY 2001 for all bioenergy-related activities, with about $26 million of that for integrated R&D. 

## Key Federal Partners

**Key Federal Partners**

***The Office of Management and Budget***

***Task Force on Greening the Government******through Waste Prevention and Recycling***

**OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL**
**ENVIRONMENTAL EXECUTIVE**

**The Department of Energy**

*** ******- Science, Security and Energy:***
***   ******Powering the 21******st****** Century***

***The National Science Foundation***

***Enabling the Nation’s future through******discovery, learning and innovation***

**Office of Science and Technology**
**Policy**

***Department of the Interior***

***to protect and provide access to our Nation’s***
***natural and cultural heritage and honor our***
***trust responsibilities to tribes***

**Tennessee Valley Authority**

***The Power of the Public Good***

**Department of Commerce**

- National Institute of Standards &
- Technology

**Notes:**
The BioInitiative leverages the extensive capabilities of the USDA for outreach in rural America.
According to the Biomass Act of 2000:
The Administrator of the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service and the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service shall ensure that applicable research results and technologies from the Initiative are adapted, made available, and disseminated through their respective services, as appropriate.

## BioProducts and BioEnergy: Drivers

- Energy Security
- Climate Change
- Other Environmental Issues
- Rural Development
- Biotechnology is the enabler

## Biomass Baseline Data

**	****	****	****	****	****	****	****	****	****2020**
**	****	****	****	****	****2000 Baseline****	****	****	****Target**
**Product****	****	****	**** Conv. ****	****  Mass     Energy     Sales****	****	****Energy**
**	****	****	****	**** ****Units****	****  B Lbs.   Quads****	**** Million****	****	****Quads**
- Pulp & Paper Steam Prod.	1.4 Quads   19.       1.4	$4,300		2.7
- Products (chem.& mat.)        12. B lbs.      12.       0.1	$3,300		0.8
- Ethanol			1.3 B gal.     9.2      0.1       $1,300		1.2
- Electricity from biomass	7.   GW       25.       0.2           $3,300		1.3

## Biorefinery

- Technologies

- Markets

**  **_**Residues**_:
-   **Ag, MSW**

_**Commodity**_:
**Corn, oil seed**** **

_**Herbaceous**_:
** ****Switchgrass**

**    **_**Woody**_:
**Poplar,willow**

**  **_**Bio-Chemical**_

**  ****Hydrolysis**
**  ****Fermentation**
**  ****Biocataysis**

** **_**Thermo-Chemical**_

** ****Combustion**
** ****Gasification/Pyrolysis**
** ****Chemistry/Catalysis**
**Separations Tech.**

_** **__**Final Products**_

** ****Electricity**

**Fuels**

**Chemicals**

**Plastics**

**Heat/Steam**

**Biorefinery**

## Biobased Products & Bioenergy Awards

***Biorefinery Projects (FY00)***
- Separation of Corn Fiber & Conversion to Fuels & Chemicals, National Corn Growers Association ($1.7 million)
- Conversion of Corn Fiber and Stover to Polylactic Acid, Ethanol & Power, Cargill Dow Polymers ($1.1 million)
- Chemicals, Fuels & Power from Hog Manure, Institute of Gas Technology ($265,000)
- Bark-derived Oils for Use in Structural Adhesives, Louisiana Pacific Corporation ($1.2 million)

**Notes:**
 In late June 2000 the DOE announced awards for developing bio-based alternatives to fuels, power and consumer products, in the amount of $4.3 million.
 The National Corn Growers will convert corn fibers into sugars to produce ethanol and other chemicals. 
Cargill Dow is developing a renewable alternative to producing plastics.  The company will produce a biodegradable ppolymer that can be used in food packaging, non-woven products and disposable products.  Co-products will be fuel ethanol and electricity.
 Institute of Gas Technology will demonstrate a two-stage anaerobic digestion process that can break down animal manure to produce methane gas for power and heat and a fertilizer co-product.
 Louisiana Pacific is pursuing ways to use bio-based products in construction.  They will use bark to produce bio-based resins that will replace oil-based resins now used in adhesives for plywood production.

## Biobased Products and Bioenergy

- FY 2001 Funding
- DOE OIT		~$22M
- DOE OTT		~$46M
- DOE OPT		~$40M
- DOE OS		~$29M
- USDA		~$82M
- NSF		~$24M
- Total		~$243 plus

## AgricultureIndustry of the Future

- Office of Industrial Technologies
- Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
- U.S. Department of Energy

**Agriculture*****Industry of the Future***

## RD&D: IOF Vision Process

**Industry Today**

***Visions***

***Technology Roadmaps***

***Implementation***

**GOALS**

**PRIORITIES**

**PARTNERSHIPS**

- Industries of the Future

- Manufacturers, suppliers, universities, and national labs work together to achieve industry-defined goals.

**Notes:**
Message: OIT supports industry-specific RD&D using an industry-led vision process to guide/align research resources.
Each of the 9 industries is participating in a vision process. Industry representatives work together to define their current situation, identify pressures for change, and describe what they need to be like 20 years from now to be globally, sustainably competitive. They establish long-term economic, energy, and environmental goals.
Based on its vision, each industry then defines its priority needs over the next 20 to 25 years and creates a technology roadmap--a detailed research agenda for achieving the vision goals. Roadmaps set a logical sequence for the research and achievable milestones.
Individual companies then join other public and private organiza-tions to implement priority projects through collaborative partner-ships. By awarding cost-shared funding to these partnerships, OIT helps meet priority needs in these specific industries.
Roadmaps are periodically updated to reflect current trends, so research is continuously feeding the technology pipeline. 
OIT facilitates the entire process, but industry takes the lead. Industry leadership is a defining characteristic of the IOF model.

## Industries of the Future Strategy

***Technology  for the Future***

**Enabling****Technologies**

- Aluminum

- Metalcasting

- Forest Products

- Glass

- Steel

- Agriculture

- Chemicals

- Mining

- Petroleum

***Deliver Available Tools***

***Facilitate RD&D***

**Industry-specific****Technologies**

***Technology for Today***

**Notes:**
Message: Under the IOF strategy, OIT seeks to improve the energy and materials efficiency of 9 energy-intensive industries today and tomorrow.
The Industries of the Future strategy helps U.S. industrial plants become as efficient as possible today and prepared to meet the market challenges of tomorrow.
To create the greatest impact with a finite budget, OIT focuses on nine energy- and waste-intensive industries. (Shown)
Collectively, these industries account for 3/4 of industrial energy use and directly account for more than 3 million well-paying jobs. They supply over 90% of the materials required by the U.S. economy.
These are not dinosaur industries but high-paying, high-tech industries critical to U.S. productivity and competitiveness. They account for over $40 billion in capital expenditures and roughly $1 trillion in product shipments.
OIT supports collaborative RD&D in technologies and processes specific to these industries and in enabling technologies that are important to a large cross-section of U.S. industry.
Finally, OIT provides plants with assistance in applying the best technologies and practices available right now.

## Genetic Engineering for Sterility

- Helps introduce commercially desirable traits into poplars.
- Eliminates uncontrolled dispersal of genetically altered plants.
- Eliminates many environmental, legal, and political concerns.

**Partners:**
- OR State University
- Tree Genetic Engineering Cooperative

## Pine Gene Discovery Project

- Genomes

- Paves way for trees that are disease-resistant or have improved fiber characteristics.
- Increases knowledge of the genetics of  major plant groups.

**Partners:**
- CA State University
- NC State University
- University of MN
- Georgia-Pacific Corp.
- Rayonier Corp.
- Union Camp Corp.
- Westvaco Corp.

## Agriculture and More

**Conversion**
**Processes**

- Trees
- Grasses
- Agricultural Crops
- Agricultural Residues
- Animal Wastes
- Municipal Solid Waste

_**USES**_
_**Fuels:**_
**  ****Ethanol**
**  ****Renewable Diesel**
_**Power**_
**Electricity**
**Heat**
_**Products**_
**Plastics, resins, foams**
**Phenolic resins**
**Solvents, cleaning fluids**
**Chemical Intermediates**
**Adhesives**
**Fatty acids**
**Carbon black**
**Paints, coatings**
**Dyes, Pigments, and Ink**
**Detergents**
**Hydraulic& lubricating fluids**

-  Acid/enzymatic hydrolysis
-  Fermentation
-  Bioconversion
-  Chemical Conversion
-  Gasification or Pyrolysis
-  co-firing

**Feedstocks**

**Notes:**
The Agriculture Industry of the Future is focusing on using crops, trees, and agricultural wastes as feedstocks for making a wide range of chemicals and consumer products like plastics, paints and adhesives. 
We have collaborated with the agriculture, chemical, forestry, and life sciences communities on a vision and technology roadmap for biobased products, and have begun implementing them together.

## Building the Renewable Bioproducts Partnership

- Dec ‘96

- Feb. ‘98

- May ‘98

- Summer ‘98

- Feb. ‘99

- Vision Workshop/St. Louis

- Vision Release/Compact Signing

- Formation of ESG

- Technology Roadmap Workshops

- Roadmap Published

- FY 2000 Solicitations

- New R&D Projects

- Summer ‘99

- Winter 00

_**DOE: OIT**_

**Notes:**
 A lot of progress has been made in renewable bioproducts in a short period of time.
The bioproducts partnership began back in 1996 with a vision workshop initiated by the National Corn Growers Association.
 The Vision and a compact between industry and government to support this new industry were unveiled at the Commodity Classic in February 1998, in Long Beach, Ca. The Classic is one of the premier Agricultural trade shows and expositions and is put on by the corn and soybean trade groups annually.
 An executive steering group (ESG) was formed in St. Louis in1998.  This group has oversight for the vision and roadmap, and serves as an informal link between U.S. government and the private sector.  This group is now evolving into a more formal structure.
 Two technology roadmap workshops were held in Indianapolis in 1998.  These brought together participants from the agriculture, chemicals and forestry communities to develop a detailed roadmap, which was published in February 1999.  Both the vision and the roadmap are up on our web site.
 Congress appropriated the first funds for my team’s efforts during the last fiscal year. Our first solicitation was issued in February 1999 to solicit proposals for research related to the technology roadmap for Renewables Vision 2020.  Awards for projects were made last summer.
 Our second R&D solicitation will come out soon (~$3 million), along with a new educational initiative targeted at colleges and universities.  

## Renewable Bioproducts Vision

***Vision Goals:***
- Achieve 10% of basic chemical building blocks from plant-derived sources, with concepts in place to achieve 50% by 2050

**Today**

**2020**

**2050**

**Fossil-Based**

**Plant-Based**

**Notes:**
Vision goals strive toward a viable industry platform for renewable bioproducts by 2020.
 Industry views 10% of basic chemical building blocks as a very ambitious goal -- this represents a 5-fold increase over the current situation.  
 Plant-derived resources are expected to supplement, not replace petroleum-based resources.  It is hoped they will capture a percentage of the increasing market demand for consumer products.

## Agriculture Industry of the Future

- Roadmap Published
- February 1999

- _Four Key Barrier Areas_

**Plant Science**

- Modifying plants to produce more of some things or new things with higher productivity and less inputs.

**Production**

- Sustainable agriculture at lower cost.
- More efficient harvesting. pre-processing, transportation and storage.

**Processing**

- Economic processing of diverse raw materials.
- New chemistry and separation technology.

**Utilization**

- Material end use application technology.

## Identified Biobased Product Opportunities

- Sugars Fermentation
- Sugars Thermochemical
- Oils/Lipids
- Protein
- Gasification
- Pyrolysis
- Lignin
- Plants as Factories
- Photosynthetic Organisms
- Anaerobic Digestion

## New Education Initiative

- Addresses concerns raised in technology roadmap workshops
- Promotes multi-disciplinary training and integrated research in renewable bioproducts
- Promotes academic and student interest with programmatic stipends
- Industry involvement

**Notes:**
The new education initiative addresses some of the concerns raised in technology roadmap workshops, I.e., that multidisciplinary training and integrated research is needed.
The Agricultural Research Institute will be heavily involved in the process, and  progress reviews will be done through professors, students, industry and government
Awards are planned for work to begin in Fall semester 2000.

## New Education Initiative

-   Michigan State University
-   Iowa State University
-   University of Georgia Research Foundation
-   Colorado School of Mines
-   Oklahoma State University
-   University of Nebraska – Lincoln
-   University of Missouri – Columbia
-   Kansas State U./ Pittsburgh State U.

- Recent awards

##  Key Results

**Key Results**
- Succinic acid: fermentation, separations, derivatives – emerging
- Levulinic acid and derivatives – emerging
- Polyols from sugars - commercial interest (2020: 1B lbs./yr. 20 T Btu)
- Clean Fractionation - being scaled up (2020: 1.2B lbs./yr. 7 T Btu)
- Ethyl-lactate: separations - commercial interest (2020: 1B lbs./yr  20 T Btu)
- Electrodeionization purification - demonstration
- Irrigation valve – commercial
- Phenol replacement from bark – commercial interest
- Forest Products Plant Sciences – soils and water benefits, higher biomass productivity, molecular markers, progress on sterility engineering
- THE PLA STORY (2020 8B lbs./yr.  200 T Btu)
- The most recent projects add non-linearly to these results !!

## Agriculture R&D Projects

- Catalytic Upgrading of Glucose *Converts glucose into value- **added chemicals (propylene glycol)*
- Partners: National Corn Growers Assoc.,Michigan State University, PNNL

- Soy-Based 2-Cycle Engine Oils  *Produces biodegradable engine oil from soybeans for recreational marine uses*
- Partners:Terresolve Technologies, Ltd., United Soybean Board, Smith, Bucklin & Associates, Omni Tech International

**Notes:**
 Catalytic Upgrading of Glucose  - Partners: National Corn Growers Association (St.  Louis, MO), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Michigan State University- Researchers are developing processes to convert glucose from corn into value-added chemicals such as ethylene and propylene glycols (used as anti-freeze).
 Soy-based 2-Cycle Engine Oils - Partners:  Terresolve Technologies, Ltd. (Eastlake, OH), United Soybean Board, Smith Bucklin & Associates, Omni Tech International- This project involves developing and testing vegetable-oil based engine oils for use in recreational marine engines. The soy-based oils are non-toxic and will reduce impacts on sensitive aquatic environments.

## PLA

**Notes:**
In Bioproducts, the accomplishments of BioInitative participants include: 

The OIT AG IOF helped fund the development of a cost effective process for converting corn into plastic.  Cargill Dow is expected to break ground on a plant capable of producing 300 million pounds of PLA in November 2001.

Other Products Accomplishments
Development of a new separation technology to remove organic products from fermentation.
Production of Chemicals from Hog Manure
Production of Purified cellulose for the manufacture of Rayon, acetate fibers, and other thermoplastics.

## Agriculture R&D Projects

- Chemicals From Lignocellulose *Uses wood waste, rice straw, or waste sugar to produce plastics and commodity chemicals*
- Partners:University of California-Davis, ANL, BC International, NTEC-Versol

**Lignocellulosic Feedstock **
**      ****(Rice Straw)**

**Hydrolysis**

**C6 and C5 Sugars**

**Fermentation**
**& Electrodialysis**

**Products**
**(Ethyl Lactate Solvent)**

**Notes:**
 OIT’s spending decisions are guided by the technology roadmap.  In our first solicitation, R&D in processing and utilization were considered the highest priority by our partners.  In selecting R&D, we take the goals of the roadmap and vision and match them up with our Congressionally-mandated mission -- saving energy and reducing environmental impacts.
Awards were made for six projects as the result of our first solicitation in FY 1999  - total value was about $2 million.  Renewable bioproducts is off and running, and our partners are very excited. The program has received a lot of good press and media interest.
 Some of the first concrete results are shown here.
 Products from Wheat Milling - Partners: Pendleton Flour Mill, Inc.  (Pendleton, OR), Mennel Milling Co, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory-  Researchers are developing an innovative process to recover starch-rich product from mill feed, which is a low-value product of wheat flour milling.  The starch-rich product will then be converted into a value-added product by fermentation or another process.
 Chemicals from Lignocellulose - Partners:  University of California, Davis (Davis, CA), Argonne National Laboratory, BC International, NTEC-Versol-   This project focuses on developing technology and data to support a commercial bioprocess that uses agricultural feedstocks such as wood waste, rice straw, waste sugar or lactose to produce lactate ester.  Lactate ester can be used as building block for plastics.

## Vegetable Oils to Polymers

- Converts vegetable oils into polymer building blocks
- Offers a higher value-added product alternative to farmers and other agribusiness
- Reduces consumption of fossil feedstocks

**Partners:**
- Pittsburg State University
- Goodrich Corporation (formerly BFGoodrich)

## New Polymer Via Corn-Derived 1,3-Propanediol

- Converts corn sugars to 1,3-propanediol, precursor of polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT)
- PTT offers enhanced processability and and fiber properties
- Reduces fossil feedstock consumption

**Partners:**
**PNNL**
**National Corn Growers Association**

## Polymer Additive from Corn Glucose

- Catalytically converts corn sugars to isosorbide via sorbitol
- Isosorbide monomer enhances polymer strengthless material for comparable performance
- Displaces fossil-based polymers

- Glucose

- Hydrogen

- Catalytic Hydrogenation

- Evaporation

- Molten Sorbitol

- Dehydration Reactor

- Isosorbide

- Melt Crystallization

- Isosorbide

**Partners:**
- Iowa Corn Promotion Board
- PNNL

## Biobased Products from Enhanced Sorghum

**Partners:**
- Orion Genomics, LLC
- NC+ Hybrids
- SolviGen LLC
- Vogelbusch U.S.A.
- Cold Spring Harbor Lab
- Purdue University
- Crosbyton Seed Company
- National Grain Sorghum Producers

-  Introduces sorghum as a cost-effective feedstock for biobased products
-  Creates a more productive sorghum hybrid with a higher sugar content
-  Increased resistance to drought enables production in marginal dry lands
-  Grain processing and separation technologies will be optimized for use with sorghum

## Multi-Component Harvester for Wheat

**Partners:**
- Iowa State University
- Arkenol, Inc.
- CNH Global N.V.
- University of Idaho
- INEEL

-   New harvester enables collection of only the desired biomass components in a single pass
-   Reduced lignin content of wheat increases the amount of sugars available for fermentation  lignin/sugar separation is less energy-intensive
-   Lowers cost and energy consumption of wheat production and processing

## New Harvest, Storage, and Separation Systems for Corn

**Partners:**
- Biomass Agri-Products, LLC
- Iowa State University
- Midwest Labs

-  Single-pass harvester  saves time, energy, and produces a cleaner, higher value feedstock
-  New stover storage system reduces the risk of fire (spontaneous combustion) while lengthening the storage life
-  Separation system maximizes the use of individual components of stover in their most valuable applications
-  Lowers the cost and energy consumption of collecting, transporting, and storing biomass feedstocks

## Chemicals and Polymers from Castor Oil

**Partners:**
- Dow Chemical Company
- Castor Oil, Inc.
- USDA, Western Regional Research Center
- USDA, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research

-  Introduces a “new” crop for biobased chemicals and polymers
-  Improves economic viability of castor by breeding plants with greater productivity and resistance to pests and disease, and increased content of desired components
-  New processing technologies tailored to castor oil extraction and modification for novel products

## Growing A Biodegradable Polymer In Switchgrass

**Partners:**
- Metabolix, Inc.
- University of Tennessee
- University of Central Florida
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Cornell University
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- Porcelli Consultants, Inc.
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst
- University Massachusetts, Lowell
- University of Texas, Austin

-  Modified switchgrass produces a biodegradable polymer, polyhydroxyalkanaoate (PHA)
-  PHA reduces solid waste in landfills
-  Generates power by burning the switchgrass biomass remaining after PHA extraction

## How to Get More Information

- Office of Industrial Technologies Web Site:  www.oit.doe.gov
- OIT Agriculture Team Leader, Mark Paster: mark.paster@ee.doe.gov    voice:  202-586-2821
- Bioenergy Web Site:  www.bioproducts-bioenergy.gov