# Presentation: 482291

## Environmental Satellite Data:Providing a Context for Assessments 

**Environmental Satellite Data:****Providing a Context for Assessments**** **

**Cara Wilson****       ****NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC ****Environmental Research Division (ERD)****(formerly PFEL)**** **

**9th National Stock Assessment Workshop, San Francisco, CA, April 18-20, 2006**

## NMFS-Satellite group 

**NMFS-Satellite group **

**Satellite POCs for each science center ****(appointed by lab director) **
**	****	****AFSC****	****	****Jeff Napp (Seattle) ****	****NEFSC****	****Jay O’Reilly (****Narragansett****) ****	****	****NWFSC****	****Bill Peterson (****Newport****) ****	****PIFSC****	****Jeff Polovina**** (Honolulu) ****	****	****SEFSC****	****Tom Leming**** (****Mississippi****)****	****	****SWFSC****	****Cara Wilson**** (****Pacific Grove****)****	****ST****	****	****Kenric Osgood (Silver Spring)****	**

***POC also a CoastWatch PI ***
***Labs outside of the regional HQ laboratory***

## Contributors

**Contributors**

***Jay Barlow******	******	******	******NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC ***
***E.A. Becker******	******	******	******UCSB***
***Steven Berkeley******	******	******	******UC Santa Cruz***
***Bob Brownell******	******	******	******NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC ***
***Rich Charter******	******	******	******NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC ***
***Rich Cosgrove******	******	******	******NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC ***
***Dave Foley******	******	******	******NOAA CoastWatch, West Coast node***
***Karen Forney******	******	******	******NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC ***
***M.C. Ferguson******	******	******	******NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC***
***Jefferson Hinke******	******	******	****** NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC***
***Trevor Platt******	******	******	******Bedford Institute of Oceanography***
***Xuemei Qiu******	******	******	******NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC ERD***
***Jessica Redfern******	******	******	******NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC ***
***R.C. Smith******	******	******	******UCSB***
***Vera Trainer******	******	******	******NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC***
***George Watters******	******	******	******NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC***
***Jay Zwally******	******	******	******NASA/GSFC***

## Acknowledgments

**Acknowledgments**

***Special thanks to ***
***Stan Wilson and John Pereira (NESDIS)***
***and***
***NOAA’s Satellite Research & Operations (R&O) transition project***

## 

**Satellite data can ****NOT**** ****directly measure populations of fish, lobsters, whales, turtles, etc.**

****

## Satellite data measures oceanic parameters of habitat and ecosystems  that influence marine resources 

**Satellite data measures oceanic parameters of habitat and ecosystems  that influence marine resources **

## Ocean ‘fronts’, boundaries, ‘edges’
River plumes
Coastal regions
Mesoscale circulation patterns: eddies, meanders, ‘loops’
Convergence zones
Subsurface thermal structure: MLD, thermocline
Ocean surface winds
Ocean currents
Wave heights

- Ocean ‘fronts’, boundaries, ‘edges’
- River plumes
- Coastal regions
- Mesoscale circulation patterns: eddies, meanders, ‘loops’
- Convergence zones
- Subsurface thermal structure: MLD, thermocline
- Ocean surface winds
- Ocean currents
- Wave heights

**Ocean Features ****Important to Ecosystems**** **

**Most of these ocean features can not be adequately resolved without satellite data**

**Notes:**
Many of these ocean features are easily measurable, or detected, by satellite data  

## Upwelling 
Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs)
Oil Spills
Seasonal Transitions 
El Niño events 
Regime Shifts (i.e. PDO) 
Global Climate Change

- Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs)
- Oil Spills
- Seasonal Transitions
- El Niño events
- Regime Shifts (i.e. PDO)
- Global Climate Change

**Climate Data Records (CDRs) of satellite measurements need to be maintained!**

***Climate change can affect the timing and/or intensity of many of these processes ***

**Temporal Events ****Important to Ecosystems**

**Notes:**
Many of these events are easily measurable, or detected, by satellite data. Climate quality records of satellite data will be necessary to ensure that regime shifts and global climate change can be recorded by our satellite datasets.  Even 

## Some Satellite Applications Relevant to Stock Assessment

**	****NOAA/NMFS Pacific Fisheries Environmental Laboratory**** **
**David G. Foley**
**	****Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, U. Hawaii**
**3rd GOES-R User Workshop**
**10-13 May 2004**
**Broomfield, CO**

**Some Satellite Applications ****Relevant to Stock Assessment**

## Timing of the Spring bloom and Haddock Survival

**From Platt et al.,**** Nature, 2003**

**Test of the ****match-mismatch**** hypothesis**** **
**Annual anomaly in the timing of the spring bloom based on SeaWiFS chlorophyll data **

**Timing of the Spring bloom and Haddock Survival**

**Early****      ****Late**** **

**Late                Early**** **

*(Melanogrammus aeglefinus)*

**Earlier bloom means more time in the ‘green’ zone**

- ‘97
- ‘98
- ‘99
- ‘00
- ‘01

## Modeling Cetacean Distribution

**Modeling Cetacean Distribution**

**Pathfinder SST data**
- Easily acquired in GIS-ready format
- Adequately resolves key features of CCS

**E.A. Becker and R.C. Smith (UCSB/ICESS)**
**K.A. Forney, J.V. Redfern, M.C. Ferguson, J. Barlow, R. Cosgrove (NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC)**

**Notes:**
Needs very high resolution satellite data or aerial data  
Primarily in domain of NOS

Commercial sensors:
• Landsat  Thematic Mapper (TM) - 30-meter multispectral  resolution
• SPOT  - 20-meter multispectral and 10-meter panchromatic
• RADARSAT  -  RADAR sensor with resolutions from 5 to 70 meters
• IKONOS  - 4-meter multispectral and 1-meter panchromatic
• India  Remote Sensing -  25-meter multispectral and 5-meter  panchromatic imagery
• SeaWiFS - 1-kilometer multispectral imagery

Government sensors
• Landsat  7 - USGS 30-meter multispectral and 15-meter panchromatic resolution
• GOES  -  4-kilometer multispectral imagery
• MODIS  - 250- and 500-meter multispectral (free) imagery
• Hyperion  - 30-meter hyperspectral (220 bands from .4 to 2.4  micrometer imagery)

## Population Analysis of Minke Whales

**Population Analysis of Minke Whales**

**Abundance estimate for Antarctic Minke whales decreased from 730,000 in CPII to 360,000 in CPIII - *****Why??***
**Changes in sea-ice distribution has been put forth as a potentially important factor. **
**Satellite sea-ice data is being examined to test this hypothesis. **

***Work in progress by Brownell & Wilson, NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC ERD***** **

## Population Analysis

**Population Analysis**

**Sea Ice data provided by Jay Zwally, NASA/GSFC**
**Data analysis by Xuemei Qiu, NMFS/SWFSC**

**More ice in CP-III**
**Less ice in CP-III**

- III

- IV

- V

- VI

- I

- II

*(Balaenoptera bonaerensis)*

## Population Analysis

**Population Analysis**

***Work in progress by Brownell & Wilson, NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC ERD***

**Jan 1987,  CP-II ****	****Jan 1998, CP-III**
**141,000 Minke whales   ****	****35,000 Minke whales**** **

**Whales hidden from survey in polynya?**

**Surveys follow ice edge**** **

**Sea Ice data provided by Jay Zwally, NASA/GSFC**

*(Balaenoptera bonaerensis)*

## Population Analysis

**Population Analysis**

**More Ice = Less whales counted ****(more ice habitat for whales to hide in)**

**CP-II survey**
**CP-III survey**

***Work in progress by Brownell & Wilson, NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC ERD***

*(Balaenoptera bonaerensis)*

## Ground Truth for Stock Assessments

**Ground Truth for Stock Assessments**

- Sablefish(*Anopoploma fimbria*)

**Pathfinder’s long time series allowed us to show that the SST > 15°C for a period when tagged sablefish were known to survive.**
**This contradicted laboratory studies of tag-related mortality used in stock assessments.**
**The end result will be an increase in the catch quota reflecting a more realistic stock assessment.**

*S. Berkeley, UC – Santa Cruz*

**Notes:**
Needs very high resolution satellite data or aerial data  
Primarily in domain of NOS

Commercial sensors:
• Landsat  Thematic Mapper (TM) - 30-meter multispectral  resolution
• SPOT  - 20-meter multispectral and 10-meter panchromatic
• RADARSAT  -  RADAR sensor with resolutions from 5 to 70 meters
• IKONOS  - 4-meter multispectral and 1-meter panchromatic
• India  Remote Sensing -  25-meter multispectral and 5-meter  panchromatic imagery
• SeaWiFS - 1-kilometer multispectral imagery

Government sensors
• Landsat  7 - USGS 30-meter multispectral and 15-meter panchromatic resolution
• GOES  -  4-kilometer multispectral imagery
• MODIS  - 250- and 500-meter multispectral (free) imagery
• Hyperion  - 30-meter hyperspectral (220 bands from .4 to 2.4  micrometer imagery)

## Ground Truth for Stock Assessments

**Ground Truth for Stock Assessments**

**Version 5 Pathfinder resolves off-shore water from coastal upwelling**
**1° COADS data cannot do this.**

**Notes:**
Needs very high resolution satellite data or aerial data  
Primarily in domain of NOS

Commercial sensors:
• Landsat  Thematic Mapper (TM) - 30-meter multispectral  resolution
• SPOT  - 20-meter multispectral and 10-meter panchromatic
• RADARSAT  -  RADAR sensor with resolutions from 5 to 70 meters
• IKONOS  - 4-meter multispectral and 1-meter panchromatic
• India  Remote Sensing -  25-meter multispectral and 5-meter  panchromatic imagery
• SeaWiFS - 1-kilometer multispectral imagery

Government sensors
• Landsat  7 - USGS 30-meter multispectral and 15-meter panchromatic resolution
• GOES  -  4-kilometer multispectral imagery
• MODIS  - 250- and 500-meter multispectral (free) imagery
• Hyperion  - 30-meter hyperspectral (220 bands from .4 to 2.4  micrometer imagery)

## Chinook Potential Habitat

**Chinook Potential Habitat**

- NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC PFEL

**Satellite**** ****SST**

- OR

- OR

- CA

- CA

**Density of fish’s surface temperature experience  from tag data**

**“****Contours of utilization” – likely fish location**

**Probability Density**

**Surface Temp**

*Hinke, Watters et al., MEPS, 2005    NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC*

*(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)*

**Notes:**
Temperature data from the tag, which has recorded the temperature of water experienced by the fish, is used in conjunction with satellite SST data to determine the potential habitat of the fish. 

Contributed by George Watters & Jefferson Hinke, NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC/ERD

## Cruise Support  

**Cruise Support  **

- NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC PFEL

**Domoic Acid levels (circles) measured during an ECOHAB survey, overlaid on top of satellite chlorophyll.**
**Satellite chlorophyll data is crucial for monitoring development of harmful algal blooms (HABs).**

***From Vera Trainer***
***NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC***

## Interannual Variability  

**Interannual Variability  **

- NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC PFEL

***Courtesy of Rich Charter, NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC***

**         ****El Niño                    La Niña**

## April CalCOFI egg surveys, 1997-2005

***Courtesy of ******Rich Charter, NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC***

**April CalCOFI egg surveys, 1997-2005**

**http://swfsc.nmfs.noaa.gov/frd/CalCOFI/CurrentCruise/sardmaps.htm**

## Question...

**Question...**

**The high temporal and spatial resolution of satellite data, and its continuity, make satellite data an important tool for monitoring and characterizing marine ecosystems. **
**Yet, the full potential of satellite data has not been realized within NMFS, or within fisheries science more generally. **
**Why is satellite data underutilized within NMFS, and what can be done to take advantage of the wealth of information this data can provide?****  **

## Length of Time Series 

**Length of Time Series **

**Compared to many fisheries datasets the time series of satellite data are relatively short: ****	****Sea Ice****	****1979********	****SST:****	****	****1985********  [2005?]****	****SSH: ****	****	****1993********	****Chlorophyll: ****	****1997********	****Wind: ****	****	****1999********	**

**Sardine**

**Anchovy**

**1920    1940     1960   1980    2000**

**It’s essential that climate quality records of satellite data be maintained!**** **
**This point needs to be emphasized as NOAA takes over operation of a number of satellite measurements (i.e. ocean color and SSH).**

***From Chavez et al. [Science, 2003]***

- SST

- SeaWiFS

**PDO**

- Pathfinder project has lost its funding in 2006....

## Data Access Issues

**Data Access Issues**

**It can be difficult to access and manipulate the large depository of existing satellite data.  Efforts are underway to address this:**

**New live access server (LAS) and browser at the west coast CoastWatch Node provide access to multiple satellite datasets, in a variety of formats, including IOOS-compatible OPeNDAP technology. **
**Four NMFS scholarships given this year to attend a 2-week satellite course in June at Cornell University.**
**A 3-day course for NMFS and NOS participants on accessing and using satellite data is being planned for Aug. 22-24 at OSU in Corvallis, OR. **

**These activities made possible by funding by NOAA’s R&O project**

## SWFSC OceanWatch LAS at ERD 

**SWFSC OceanWatch LAS at ERD **

- NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC PFEL

- http://oceanwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov

**Primary Productivity **

**Notes:**
Has both near real-time and delayed, science-quality satellite fields
Calculated primary productivity will be available by the end of Aug 2005 

## New CoastWatch Browser

**New CoastWatch Browser**

- http://coastwatch.pfel.noaa.gov/coastwatch/CWBrowser.jsp

## Satellite Data Training Course

**Satellite Data ****Training Course**

- 3-day course for NMFS and NOS participants who are interested in using satellite data
- Aug 22-24, 2006 at OSU/CIOSS in Corvallis, OR
- Funds available from NOAA’s Satellite Transition R&O (Research and Operations) project to cover participants’ travel costs

***For more information contact Cara Wilson***
**cara.wilson@noaa.gov**

## NASA/NOAA Joint Workshop

**NASA/NOAA Joint Workshop**

- NASA/NOAA Joint workshop on integrating satellite data and modeling data into ecosystem-based management within NMFS.
- May 3-5, 2006 at MBARI near Monterey, CA.
- Funds from NOAA’s Satellite Transition R&O (Research and Operations) project to cover NOAA participants’ travel costs.