# Presentation: 174932

## Visualization and Analytics Centers

***Discovering the Unexpected******TM***

**RVAC****University of Washington**

**RVAC****Purdue****University**

**RVAC****Univ. of North **
**Carolina Charlotte,**
**Georgia Tech**
**Bank of America**

**RVAC****Penn. State**

**DHS**

**GVACs**

**RVAC****Stanford University**

**A Partnership with Academia,****Industry, Government Laboratories**

**Alaska**

**New**
**Zealand**

**Australia**

**Hawaii**

**Europe**

**Canada**

**Pacific****Rim**

**Indiana****Univ.****School****of Medicine**

**Drexel****University**
**NY/NJ Port Authority**
**Emergency Op Center**

**NSF**

**Visualization and Analytics Centers**

**James (Jim) J. Thomas****Director National Visualization and Analytics Center****Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Fellow****(509) 375-2210, Jim.Thomas@pnl.gov**

## Capabilities Desired

**Reduce the threat of terrorism**** through the invention, development, evaluation, and deployment of technology to analyze masses of data in different formats and types, from different sources, with highly varying degrees of confidence levels, within time frames required for rapid decision making.**
**Better ****understand the risks and vulnerabilities of our critical infrastructures****, trade, ports, and immigration by combining sensor, computational and visual analytics technologies for in-the-field and strategic decision making.**
**Enable ****rapid visual communication technology for response teams**** for clear understanding of the situation assessment and alternate options for response with geospatial, and multi-jurisdictional situations for WME and natural disasters. **
**Ensure ****effective information communication methods**** and technologies throughout DHS missions of analysis, risk, levels of alerts, and response, in unwrappable levels of assessment with evidence and communication styles aimed within audience-centric applications for rapid understanding and action. **
**Provide an ****enduring talent base**** of educated professionals supporting future developments requiring visual communication of integrated information and operational support missions.  **

## NVAC Capability

**NVAC Capability**

**The NVAC is engaged in 4 critical areas:**
**R&D Leadership:** providing proactive information analysis and visualization tools for threat vulnerability, assessment, and response
**Technology Evaluation and Implementation:**evaluating new methods and supporting theadoption of new tools for analysts andfirst responders
**Education:** training, recruiting our nextgeneration of scientists and engineersthrough internships, faculty visits, jointresearch and curriculum development
**Coordination and Integration:** bringingthe best and brightest together fromgovernment, academia, industry andnational laboratories to create visualanalytics tools to prevent terrorism.

## Advisors

- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

## Visual Analytics Definition   

***Congress: Visual analytics provides the last 12 inches between the masses of information and the human mind to make decisions***
***Science: Visual analytics is the science of analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces***

## Visual Analytics Definition   

- 	**Visual analytics is the science of analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces. **
**	**
**	****People use visual analytics tools and techniques to**
- Synthesize information and derive insight from massive, dynamic, ambiguous, and often conflicting data
- Detect the expected and discover the unexpected
- Provide timely, defensible, and understandable assessments
- Communicate assessment effectively for action.

## Available now

**Available at **_[http://nvac.pnl.gov/](http://nvac.pnl.gov/)__ in PDF form_
**At IEEE Press in book form**
**Special thanks to IEEE Technical Committee on Visualization and Graphics**

## Overview of the R&D Agenda

**Overview of the R&D Agenda**

**Challenges**
**Science of Analytical Reasoning**
**Science of Visual Representations ****    and Interactions**
**Data Representations ****   and Transformations**
**Production, Presentation, and Dissemination**
**Moving Research Into Practice**
**Positioning for an Enduring Success**

## Visual AnalyticsPartnership Disciplines 

**Statistics, data representation and statistical graphics**
**Geospatial and temporal sciences**
**Applied mathematics**
**Knowledge representation, management and discovery**
**Ontology, semantics, NLP, extraction, synthesis, ...**
**Cognitive and perceptual sciences**
**Communications: capture, illustrate and present a message**
**Decision sciences**
**Information and scientific visualization**

***And far more than homeland security***

## The Challenge: U.S. Ports of Entry

**332,622 vehicles per day**
**57,006 trucks/containers per day**

**307 Ports of Entry representing 621 border sites to protect**

**Example New Requirements**

**2,459 aircraft per day**
**580 vessels per day**

**The Challenge: U.S. Ports of Entry**

**Notes:**
The dots represent each of the ports of entry.  Each has unique challenges to be addressed:  quantity of traffic, natural radiation background, seasonal variation in cargo, environmental/weather

## Border Security Examples

**Border Security Examples**

**Notes:**
Land border examples.

## Explosion of Electronic Data

- 6 million FedEx transactions per day (http://www.fedex.com/us/about/today/companies/corporation/facts.html)
- Average of 98 million Visa credit-card transactions per day in 2005 (http://www.corporate.visa.com/md/nr/press278.jsp)
- Average of 5.4 petabytes of data crosses AT&T’s network per day (http://att.sbc.com/gen/investor-relations?pid=5711)
- Average of 610 to 1110 billion e-mails worldwide per year (based on estimates in 2000)  (_[http://www2.sims.berkeley.edu/research/projects/how-much-info/internet.html](http://www2.sims.berkeley.edu/research/projects/how-much-info/internet.html)_)
- US DOD collects 9 billion messages a day

- All web sites accessed 6/8/2006

## Examples Demonstrating Need

**Examples Demonstrating Need**

**Towards Predictive Analytics - *****discovery of the unexpected***** through hypothesis/scenario-based analytics *****(hypothesis testing – IN-SPIRE)***
***Human Information Discourse***

## Examples Demonstrating Need

**Examples Demonstrating Need**

**Changing Nature of Information Structure: Temporal, dynamically changing relationships, determination of intent ****(DC Sniper & ThemeRiver)**

## Examples Demonstrating Need

**Examples Demonstrating Need**

**Information synthesis while preserving security and privacy **
**Data signatures that are semantic and scale**

- Financial

- Images

- Audio

- Video

***Discover what is there AND discover what isn’t there***

## Critical Thinking*

**“...****the quality of our life and that of what we produce, make, or build depends precisely on the quality of our thoughts.”**

- * Foundations of Critical Thinking  www.criticalthinking.org

**Elements of thought:**

*Points of View*

*Purpose of *
*the Thinking*

*Question at Issue*

*Information*

*Interpretation*
*And Inference*

*Concepts*

*Assumptions*

*Implications &*
*Consequences*

## Example Heuer’s Central Ideas

- “Tools and techniques that gear the analyst’s mind to apply higher levels of critical thinking can substantially improve analysis... structuring information, challenging assumptions, and exploring alternative interpretations.”

## What’s Changed?

**Scale: George Robertson and Ken Joy in the VA Agenda**
**Today’s interaction: Pick/point, word oriented -> limited**
**Time to decision: Seconds, minutes, hours**
**Demand from security, health, WWW information, and economy**
**Next-generation information products will be distinguished by those that facilitate *****data to decision****** *****within large, complex information streams and databases**
**State of science: *****envision the possibility***

## Systems Biology:  Data Sources for Multi-Scale Analysis

- Atoms

- Molecules

- Gene Networks

- Signaling Networks

- Cells

- Organism

**Systems Biology:  Data Sources for ****Multi-Scale Analysis**

**Flow**
**Cytometry**

**Gene Expression **
**MicroArrays**

**Protein**
**MicroArrays**

**Localization**
**Assay (ChIP)**

**Bacterial Display for Rapid**** Peptide Ligand Isolation**

**lux**
**Signaling**

## One Core Concept

**Create **
**data signature**

**One Core Concept**
**(Examples from IN-SPIRE)**

**Synthesize into **
**high-dimensional discovery space**

**Visual discourse **
**for discovery**

## People Can Deal with Masses of Information 

## Visual Abstractions

**Full summary of your collections**

## Analytics with Multiple AbstractionsOver Time

**Galaxy, Document-Centric**

**ThemeView, Collection-Centric**

**Time Slicer, Temporal**

## Uses Today 

- Scientific Research
- Regulatory and Legal Communities
- Intelligence Analysis
- DOE and DOD
- Market Assessments
- Capability Analysis - Resumes
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Communities
- National Security and Law Enforcement
- Information Assurance, Web Analytics
- Technology Scanning, Asset and Intellectual Property Management

**Notes:**
on this slide - add a couple of words about each of the types of problems being faced by each one here...

## Visualization and Analytics Centers

***Discovering the Unexpected******TM***

**RVAC****University of Washington**

**RVAC****Purdue****University**

**RVAC****Univ. of North **
**Carolina Charlotte,**
**Georgia Tech**
**Bank of America**

**RVAC****Penn. State**

**DHS**

**GVAC**

**RVAC****Stanford University**

**A Partnership with Academia,****Industry, Government Laboratories**

**Alaska**

**New**
**Zealand**

**Australia**

**Hawaii**

**Europe**

**Canada**

**Pacific****Rim**

**Indiana****Univ.****School****of Medicine**

**Drexel****University**
**NY/NJ Port Authority**
**Emergency Op Center**

**Visualization and Analytics Centers**

**NSF**

## Consortium Highlights:

**Keynote: Panel Discussion**
**November 2005**

**Provider Level Members**

**Panel Discussion: May 2006**
- Ramana Rao, Inxight (Moderator)
- Aris Pappas, Senior Director, Microsoft Troy Pearsall, VP Technology, In-Q-Tel
- John Voeller, CTO, Black and Veatch

**Marti Hearst Keynote: May 2006**

**5 gov agencies, industry, labs, and **
**academia all agreeing**

## Education

- RVAC Interns
- Interns and Scholars
- Global VA Curriculum
- Analyst Internships
- Educating Ourselves
- VAST Colloquium

**Watch and Warn**
**Training Class**

**2005**
**Interns and **
**Fellows**

## Technical Publications and Symposia

***IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (CG&A) issue on Visual Analytics:  2004***
***AAAS 6 hour special session to introduce visual analytics, Feb. 2005***
***Workshop at International Cartographic Association Commission on Visualization and Virtual Environments***
**Special Issue of Cartographica**
***IEEE Transactions of Graphics and Visualization mid-late 2006 theme issue on visual analytics***
*** ******Jim Thomas, Daniel Keim, George Robertson, and Jarke Van Wijk***
***IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST), Baltimore, Oct 2006***
***Co-chairs: Pak Chung Wong and Daniel Keim***
**Workshop on Visualization, Analytics & Spatial Decision Support at GIScience 2006**
**Special issue of International Journal of GIS**
***Journal Information Visualization, special issue on visual analytics , Feb 07***
***Computers and Graphics: Visual Analytics, May 07***
***CG&A: Discovering the Unexpected, Nov 07***

**Notes:**
COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS       An International Journal of Systems & Applications in Computer GraphicsElsevier publicationEditor-in-Chief: José L. Encarnação 

Visualization, Analytics & Spatial Decision Support
Call for papers for the Workshop on
Visualization, Analytics & Spatial Decision Support
at the GIScience conference (September 2006, Muenster)
and for a special issue of IJGIS

2006 event ICA Commission on Visualization and Virtual Environments

## Conclusions

**Visual analytics is an opportunity worth considering**
**Practice of interdisciplinary is required**
**Broadly applies to many aspects of society **
**For each of you:**

***The best is yet to come...***

## In the 70s and 80s

- Manufacturing, cars, planes, and chips
- CAD/CAM
- 3D, education, animation, medicine, etc.
- Industrial production of complex products

## 1987 Push on Scientific Visualization

**NSF: Visualization in Scientific Computing: McCormick, DeFanti, and Brown, published July 1987  Computer Graphics, November 1987 **

***“******The purpose of [scientific] computing is insight, not numbers.”***** Richard Hamming**
***“******Visualization is a method of computing.”***** Authors of report**

## ’95 Information Visualization 

**Stuart Card: Information Visualization: Wings for the Mind**
**Many of us found this motivating and compelling**

## Early Commercial Uses

**Rembrandts in the Attic: Unlocking the Hidden Value of Patents, 2000**
**References uses (e.g., Dow) of Xerox patent citation tree, Aurigin Systems’s/PNNL Themescape****TM**

## Collage of Many Examples

- Examples

## References