# Presentation: 663342

## Holdings Session 6 --Special Problems

- Holdings Session 6 --Special Problems

*How do we deal with**...*
*captions not ending in a period?*
*supplements and indexes?*
*ordinal numbers?*
*numbers without captions?*
*dates with internal numbering?*
*symbols, hyphens, coding challenges?*
*“**new series” designations?*
*alphabetic enumeration?*
*alternative enumeration and chronology?*
*what’s** *_*your *_*worst nightmare?*

**Notes:**
Holdings Session 6 -- Recording Complex Holdings
Contents
Preliminary note: Captions not ending in a period
A.  Base Volumes, Supplements, and Indexes (86X)  (Slides 2-7)
B.  Dates as Enumeration (Slide 8)
C.  Dates with Divisions  (Slides 11-12
D.  Series Designations (Slide 13)
E.  Ordinal Numbers (Slides 14-15)
F.  Gaps  (Slide 15)
G. Roman Numerals
H.  Captionless Enumeration (Slide 16)
I.  Enumeration with Symbols and Internal Hyphens (Slide 17)
J.  Alphabetic Enumeration (Slide 18)
K.  Alternative Enumeration (Slide 19)
Warm Up Exercises
Ask attendees to talk about the “problem holdings” that have been most bothersome in their local libraries.  If any of the topics that arise are not  covered here, note them down for possible later discussion or research.

## Captions not ending in a period

- Preliminary note!
- 		 **Año ****1**  looks a lot better than **Año****1**** **!
- This is a small problem that simply needs to be provided for in a system that uses NISO-style display.
- Programmers must tell the system to add a space at the end of any caption that lacks a final period.  See Z39.71-1999, Section 5.5.4.2., caption examples.  Having this programmed in will save lots of work!

**Notes:**
<Instructors:  This above is just a cautionary note.>

## Base Volume, Supplement, Index

**GENEALOGY BULLETIN**
- Volume  2, no. 1
- Jan./Mar. 1986

**GENEALOGY BULLETIN**
***Research Notes Volume 2        1986 ***
***Supplement 1***

**Genealogy Bulletin**
**Index**
- Volumes 1 to 10
- 1985-1994

**Base Volume, Supplement, Index**

**Bulletin-- quarterly**

**Supplement-- semiannual**
**(arriving June and December)**

**Index:  every ten years**

**Notes:**
A.  Base volumes, supplements, and indexes
We have covered the separate tags for base volumes, supplements, and indexes.  Now we will look at them in operation.
1. In this title (Genealogy bulletin),
There are base volumes made of quarterly issues,
Each volume has two semiannual numbered supplements
An index covers ten volumes.

## Supplement Holding

**Supplement Holding**

- 854 20   $8 1  $a  v. $b suppl. $o Research Notes $u 2 $v r $i (year) $j (month) $w f $x 06

- 864 41   $8 1.1  $a 2 $b 1  $i 1986 $j 06

- May display as:
- v.2:suppl.1(1986:June)
-  “Research Notes”

**Designation: **v.:suppl.(year:month)

**GENEALOGY BULLETIN**
***Volume 2        1986***
***Supplement 1 ***
***Research Notes -- June***

***Entering the holding for a single supplement:***

**Semiannual**

**Notes:**
<Animated slide>
2. Holdings statements for supplements.  (854/864)
  This designation has two levels of enumeration and one level of chronology. The supplement is numbered and the volume it supplements is also numbered.
  Note subfield $o, Type of supplement.
 Indicators are 41, indicating Level 4, fully uncompressed holdings.

## Supplement Summary

**Supplement Summary**

- 854 20   $8 1  $a  v. $b suppl. $o Research Notes $u 2   $v r   $i (year) $j (month)  $w  f  $x 06

- 864 40   $8 1.1  $a 1-5  $b1-1 $i 1985-1988 $j06-06

**GENEALOGY BULLETIN**
***Volume 2        1986 ***
***Supplement 1***
-  ***Research Notes--June***

***If we have holdings from v.1, supplement 1, 1985 to v.5, supplement 1,  1989...***

**Semiannual**

**	****May**** ****display as:**
- SUPPLEMENTS:   v.1:no.1(1985:June)-5:1(1989:June) “Research 		      Notes”

**Notes:**
<Animated slide>
2.  Supplements.  (854/864  continued)

Not all systems are capable of displaying the complete holdings of this supplement from one field by parsing around the hyphen. Some would require two fields: vols. 1 through 4, and a separate vol. 5 no. 1.  However, since at least one is capable giving a logical display to correspond to a legitimate Z39.71 display, we show the way it is done, and the results.  Needless to say, this capability gives a library much more flexibility in inputting holdings.

## Cumulative Index Holding

- 855       $8 1  $a  v.  $i (year)

- 865 41  $8 1.1  $a 1/10  $i  1985/1994

**Genealogy Bulletin**
**Index**
- Volumes 1 to 10
- 1985-1994

- Ten-year index

- Designation requires slash rather than hyphen between units/dates covered

**Cumulative Index Holding**

**May display as:**** **
** **INDEXES: v.1/10(1985/1994)

**Notes:**
<Animated slide>
3.   Index
The index is a single piece containing an index to the parts given.  Index holdings cannot be summarized in the regular holdings field--only in Textual Holdings fields.
No indicators in the 855. 
A slash rather than a dash separates both the enumeration and the chronology of the first and last volume indexed.  This is the NISO standard’s way of indicating one bibliographic unit or any combined numbering. 
Indicators of the 865 are 41, marking a detailed, uncompressed holding.  The only valid second indicator for the 865 is 1 or 3.

## Captions for supplements & indexes

-   Note:  It is allowable to use
- Suppl. to v.         and
- Index to v.          as captions for clarity.
- However, it is preferable that the system clearly show that the holdings are for indexes or supplements through interpretation of the coding.

**Notes:**
Though not documented in MFHD, captions like this have been used in many libraries.  There is no reason why they should cause a problem, though the online system which has implemented MFHD would ordinarily display the words “Indexes” or “Supplements” so that specific captions would not be necessary.

If you do use such locally determined captions, document your practice and use them consistently.

## Combined holdings...

-     853 20  $8 1 $a v. $b no. $u 4 $v r $i (year) $j (month) $w q $x 01
-    863 40 $8 1.1 $a 2- $i 1986-

- 855     $8 1 $a v. $i (year)
- 865 41  $8 1.1 $a 1/10 $i 1985/1994

- 854 20  $8 1 $a v. $b suppl. $o Research Notes $u 2 $v r $i (year) $j  (month) $w f $x 06                                                                                           864 40  $8 1.1 $a 1-5 $b 1-1 $i 1985-1988 $ 06-06

**Notes:**
<Animated slide>
Combined holdings
This MARC display is for holdings of
base volumes, 
supplements,
and indexes.  
This process assumes that all of the accompanying items are cataloged on the main record.  Supplements and indexes cataloged separately will have their basic units coded in the 853/863, rather than 854/864 and 855/865.
Special note:  
Most systems can repeat sequence numbers as long as the tags are different.
However, most will also allow you to continue incrementing the sequence numbers: i.e., the 864s and 865’s could be numbered 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4.

<Is the latter a better method?  The author believes so, since it makes for a clearer record that is easier to sequence.>

## Combined OPAC display(if cataloged together) 

- Combined OPAC display(if cataloged together)

*Again—just *_*one*_* possibility for display:*
- HOLDINGS:    v.2(1986)-
- SUPPLS: 		“Research Notes”
- 			v.1:suppl.1(1985:June)-					v.5:suppl.1(1989:June)
- INDEXES:		v.1/10(1985/1994)

**Notes:**
Combined OPAC display

This screen shows how the previous holdings might display to the public.

## Holdings with Dates

**1996**
**Annual ****Report**

**1998**
**Annual ****Report**

- 853 20   $8 1  $a (year)
- 863 41   $8 1.1 $a 1996
- 863 41   $8 1.2 $a 1998
- 863 41   $8 1.3 $a 2000

**2000**
**Annual Report**

- $w a $w g
- $w n

- May display as:
- 1996,1998;2000

**Notes:**
<Animated slide>
B. Dates as enumeration
As stated in Session 3, dates may be used in enumeration subfields when there is no enumeration on the item.  

## Dates with divisions: Non-chronological

- 853 20  $8 1 $a (year) $b disc $u 2 $v r $w f
- 863 41  $8 1.1 $a 1998 $b 1
- 863 41  $8 1.2 $a 1998 $b 2
- 863 41  $8 1.3 $a 1999 $b 1
- 863 41  $8 1.4 $a 1999 $b 2
* *

***EVENING STAR***
***MarketShare***
***Database***
*** ******on ***
***CD-ROM***
***1998***
**           *****disc 1***

- may display as...
-    1998:disc 1
-    1998:disc 2
-    1999:disc 1
-    1999:disc 2

**Notes:**
<Animated slide> 
C.  Dates as primary enumeration with a second level of regular numbers (CD-ROM example)

Some non-print formats are especially likely to have a date as the primary division, with secondary divisions which are not chronological.
This example is a  CD-ROM serial.
There is a second-level division (here, disc) which is not chronological.
In the case where there is no enumeration, and all the chronology elements move into subfields $a-h, then the chronology pattern elements such as $w $x and $y follow the enumeration pattern elements such as $u and $v
Of course, this holding, if complete, could also be compressed.

## Dates with both kinds of division

**global**

**events**

**spring 1999**

**number 1**

- 853 20   $8 1 $a (year) $b no. $u 4 $v r $i (year) $j (season) $w q $x 21

- 863 41  $8 1.1 $a 1999 $b 1 $i 1999 $j 21

- may display as:

- 1999:no. 1(1999:spring)
*(The year is repeated.  When the statement is compressed, the chronology is dropped.)*

**Notes:**
<Animated slide>
Dates as primary enumeration with internal divisions that are both chronological and non-chronological

 If the primary division is chronological (by year), but the internal divisions have both a number and a date designation, the year is repeated on both the enumeration side and the chronological side.  
When the statement is compressed, the entire chronology can be dropped, and the holdings statement for a complete volume will consist of the year only.  For an incomplete year, the year and number will be given.  (Programming would have to accommodate dropping chronology in compressed statements where $a and $i are both (year).

## Holdings with successive series numbering

- Some serials, especially scholarly and society publications, come out in several successive series (new ser., ser.3, ser.4...)
- Combine the series designation with the next hierarchical unit designation in a single subfield.  A colon (:) joins the two designations:

- VERHANDLUNGEN
- DER
- AKADEMIE
- VON WISSENSCHAFTEN
- Neue Folge IV.Bd
- 1882

- 853 00  $8 1 $a n.F.:Bd. $i (year)
- 		$w a
- 863 41  $8 1.1 $a 4 $i 1882
- May display as:
-  n.F.:Bd.4(1882)

**Notes:**
D.  Series designations

Series designations are common within numbering schemes, particularly those for scholarly and society publications from abroad; many are nineteenth-century or earlier publications.
This is a German designation and its MFHD-coded equivalent.
Note the combination of the series designation with the volume designation.:  n.F.:Bd.  Because they represent two hierarchical levels, a colon separates them.
Also note the change from Roman numeral to Arabic, and the fact that  Roman numeral IV. is an ordinal number but is not transcribed as such in the record.  (Roman numerals will be discussed shortly).
<The next slide takes up ordinal numbers.>

## Ordinal numbers

- Often, we transcribe “4. Band” and “1. año” as a volume + cardinal number, rather than as an ordinal number + volume:
- Bd. 4
- Año 1.
- We can do this because this other syntax is also acceptable in the languages involved.  We have no choice when we combine designations like n.F.:Bd.
- However, there is a special provision that can be used in most cases where a caption *follows *an *ordinal*  number:

**Notes:**
E.  Ordinal Numbers
If we combine designations, we really have to use the syntax n.F.:Bd.4, rather than n.F.:4.Bd., which is on the piece.  Usually both word orders are acceptable.
In most cases, we can use the special provisions for ordinal numbers so that we can transcribe the numbering as we find it.

## Holdings with ordinals

-   853 10 $8 1 $a +ed. $i (year) $w x
-   863 41 $8 1.1 $a 12 $i 1990 $w g
-   863 41 $8 1.2 $a 14 $i 1997
* *may display (by means of Language code) as...   12th ed.(1990),   14th ed.(1997)

- 14th Edition 1997
***   ******P. Sarmiento's***
***   ******Guide to***
***    ******Colonial Mexico***

- 12th Edition 1990
***   ******P. Sarmiento's***
***   ******Guide to***
***    ******Colonial Mexico***

**Notes:**
<Animated slide>
Ordinal numbers, cont’d.
The screen shows how to code the holding of an edition with a reversal of the usual syntax and an ordinal number (This is an irregular, so there is no pattern).
In order to change the form of the number and its position, insert a plus sign before the caption in the 85X.
With programming, the online system uses the ordinal form of the number and changes its position to preceding the caption.  The language code determines the form of the ordinal:  whether, e.g.,   1st, or  1.  
This slide also shows
F.  Gaps
In order to show a break (displayed in the OPAC as a punctuation mark), insert a subfield $w in the 86X:  
value g for gap (displaying as a comma),
 n for non-gap break or “issue(s) not published” (displaying as a semicolon).
 It’s even allowable to code gap and non-gap breaks together if that’s the situation! i.e., with multiple subfields $w generating both commas and semicolons.

## Holdings with Roman numerals

- _New holding at time of check-in (Italian title)_853 20 $8 1 $a t. $b n. $u 24 $v r $i (year) $j (month) $k (day) $w s $x 0101 $ypd01,15863 41  $8 1.1 $a 4 $b 1 $i 1997 $j 01 $k 1

- May display in online system as...
- 		t.4:n.1(1997:genn.1)

**La Cultura**
**Romana**
**Tomo IV**
**Numero 1**
**1 gennaio**
** ****1997**

**(semimonthly)**

**Notes:**
<Animated slide> 
G.  Roman numerals (and other issues)

We saw this slide before in Session 3.  Here it is again to illustrate some more common problems:
Roman numerals should be changed to Arabic according to the NISO display standards.  This issue is under examination (Individual systems may allow either input or output (i.e., display) in Roman numerals and use a translation table to effect the translation).
The online system has translated the 863 $j from a numeric value 01 (numeric values are necessary for prediction), into the Italian abbreviation for January. There is a third level of chronology, “day”, in this statement, which is also translated from 01 to 1 in display.
No colon displays between the month and the day according to the NISO standard. 
NISO standard does not render foreign chronology according to vernacular rules (1 gennaio becomes genn.1.)

## Captionless enumeration

- Many serials have enumeration alone, with no caption.
- The symbol for this is				(*) -- non-displaying caption.

*                  **1976*
*Unearthly Visions ** **1*
*center for art and imagination*
*crossroads publications*
*petaluma ca*

- 853 00  $8 1 $a (*) $i (year)

- 863 41   $8 1.1 $a 1 $i 1976

- may display as: 1 (1976)

**Notes:**
<Animated slide>
H.  Captionless enumeration
This is an irregular with no pattern and a single issue held.  The library displays the holding without captions by enclosing an asterisk, denoting “no caption,” inside parentheses.

## Symbols, hyphens, coding challenges

- NISO standards prescribe hyphens as connectors within holdings statements.
- Some serials have symbols as captions, internal hyphens, and other coding challenges. _Unofficially_, the    Publication Patterns Initiative
-    substitutes a period for the
-    hyphen so as to distinguish
-    them from ranges.

- A

- Weekly Intelligence Notes #24-00June 17, 2000

- 853 20 $8 1 $a #  $i (year) $j (month) $k (day) $w w $x 0107
- 863 41  $8 1.1 $a 24.00 $i 2000 $j 06 $k 17

- May display as:    #24.00(2000:June 17)

**Notes:**
I.  Enumerations with symbols as captions, internal hyphens
Sometimes the “caption” is not a word but a symbol.   One common symbol is the number sign, #.   It is allowable as contents of a caption subfield.
NISO standards prescribe the hyphen as a connector between the beginning and the end of a holdings statement expressed as a range. 
 But hyphens are also found as part of printed enumerations. 
We suggest using the period as a substitute for the hyphen.  A computer will try to interpret the hyphen as signifying a compressed holdings statement.
Note:  This is one of the many cases where a compressed statement could not be given in coded fields, because it would be ambiguous.  It would have to be given in textual holdings fields (perhaps with explanatory notes).  Ideally, MFHD and NISO would have reserved punctuation such as hyphens to prevent ambiguity.

## Alphabetic enumeration

- Another problematic situation in some systems!
- Alpha enumeration should be input as given.
- Your system should be able to handle it; if it can’t, you need to insist that it get up to speed.

- OCEANOGRAPHIC
- RESEARCH MONTHLY
- Volume A1, Number 1
-  Oct. 1982
- Marine Biology

- OCEANOGRAPHIC
- RESEARCH MONTHLY
- Volume B1, Number 1
-  Oct. 1982
- Marine Geology and Physiography

**Notes:**
J.  Alphabetic enumeration
<The instructor might ask the attendees to do this 853/ 863 enumeration orally, in order to build confidence for the coming exercise.> 

[There is now a pattern subfield in the format designed to handle prediction of this type of numbering (853 $z), which is found in Appendix 2—if there is time it can be looked at.]

## Alternative enumeration

- Some kinds of publications have two numeric systems.
- It is not always necessary to record both.  If both systems are important, use the prescribed alternative enumeration subfields, $g-h, and (if necessary) chronology subfield, $m.
- Typical case: _Old series continues numbering, but contains new series._

- May display as:
- new ser.33=old ser.:v.149

- 853 00  $8 1 $a new ser. $g old ser.:v. $w a
- 863 41  $8 1.1 $a 33 $g 149

- ANNALS OF
- RELIGIOUS
- HISTORY
- NEW SERIES 33
- _  __OLD SERIES vol. 149_

**Notes:**
K.  Alternative enumeration.
In  special cases, as with monographic or other series, and some foreign scholarly or legal publications, there is more than one numeric system at work.
Particularly where there is a broader and a narrower aspect to the publication, both systems may be important.
Subfields $g and $h are for alternative enumeration.
Subfield $m is for a single level of alternative chronology..
The NISO display of the two systems together is with an equals sign to show the equivalency.  Therefore, it is important that the two numbers cover the same unit of publication.
True alternative numbering is illustrated by an overall series which is divided into chronological series 1, series 2, series 3, etc.  Each volume bears its number in both the larger and the smaller series.  

## Summary

*There are provisions for less common situations in the MARC Format for Holdings Data.*
*Some coding situations need clarification in MFHD, and many others need better implementations in our systems.*
*This is an area where librarians, vendor representatives, standards experts, and system designers must open discussion with each other.*

## Exercises

## Exercise Instructions

- Complete 86x fields to record holdings for each example. Use your *Handbook *and other resources provided to you.
- The Publication pattern is provided for you.
- Code the indicators for 86X as directed.
- Use all necessary subfield codes.
- Remember to code $8.
- Where directed, write how the holding will display.  Use NISO conventions (you will find examples on the slides).

## Exercise 1

**Spanned chronology**:  When the chronology includes more than one year or more than one month or one day, some systems may have trouble predicting correctly.  In some instances, the system supports spanned months only in certain increments, e.g., Jan.-Mar, Apr.-June, July-Sept., Oct.-Dec.  For a periodical with one of its issues bridging two years, you may be able to predict for the first year, but after the "bridge" issue arrives, you will need to alter the holdings manually by typing in the last year, e.g., 2000/2001.

## Exercise 1 cont.

*Scenario:* You are recording holdings for a quarterly serial that uses the following spans:
- Vol. 4, no. 1 (Feb./Apr. 2001)
- Vol. 4, no. 2 (May/July 2001)
- Vol. 4, no. 3 (Aug./Oct. 2001)
- Vol. 4, no. 4 (Nov. 2001/Jan. 2002)
- Publication pattern:
- 853 20 $8 1  $a** v.** $b **no.** $u **4** $v **r** $i **(year) **$j **(month)** $w **q** $x **02 $**y**pm02/04,05/07,08/10,11/01**

## Exercise 1 cont.

- Code the issues (as they would be generated by the system); code the second indicator of the 86x for uncompressed (itemized holdings).  What could you do to make the last issue display correctly?
- 	86_ 4_ $8
- 	86_ 4_ $8
- 	86_ 4_ $8
- 	86_ 4_ $8

## Exercise 2

**Three times a year with seasons**:  Record holdings fields for these basic issues of a  serial that publishes three times a year in Autumn, Winter, Spring.  There is no Summer issue.
- Vol. 1, issue 1 (Autumn 2002)
- Vol. 1, issue 2 (Winter 2002)
- Vol. 1, issue 3 (Spring 2003)
- Also record a holding for the index designated:  2002/2003.
- For both the serial issues and the index, code the second indicator of the 86x for uncompressed (itemized holdings), set to display.
- Publication pattern, Serial:
- 853 20 $8 1	$a** v.** $b **issue** $u **3** $v **r** $i **(year)** $j **(season)**   $w **t** $x **23** $y **os22**

## Exercise 2 cont.

- Publication pattern, Index:
- 855 $8 1	$a** (year)** $w **a**
- 	86_ 4_ $8
- 	86_ 4_ $8
- 	86_ 4_ $8
- 	86_ 4_ $8

**Notes:**
Instructors:  We no longer recommend doubling the year.  It may affect functionality in certain systems.

## Exercise 3

**Static series designation**:  Record a holdings field for these basic issues of a  serial that publishes monthly and uses the static series designation of **Series 3**.
- Ser. 3 vol. 4, release 1 (January 2002)
- Ser. 3 vol. 4, release 2 (February 2002)
- Ser. 3 vol. 4, release 3 (March 2002)
- Code the second indicator of the 86x for compressed holdings, set to display.
- Write how this compressed holding would display to the public.

## Exercise 3 cont.

- Publication pattern:
- 853 20 $8 1	$a** ser. 3:v.** $b **release** $u **12** $v **r** $i **(year)** $j **(month)** $w **m** $x **01**
- [Note: “Series 3” is incorporated as part of the first level of enumeration in $a of the 853 publication pattern field.]
- 86_ 4_ $8
- Display:

## Exercise 4

**Serials with ordinal enumeration**:  Record holdings fields for this English-language academic serial that comes out in annual volumes with an issue each semester.
-  Vol. 10, 1st semester      September 2000
-  Vol. 10, 2nd semester     January 2001
-  Vol. 11, 1st semester      September 2001
- Compress volume 10.  Itemize the first semester of volume 11.  Write how this should display to the public.

## Exercise 4 cont.

- Publication pattern:
- 853 20 $8 1  $a** v.** $b +**semester** $u **2** $v **r** $i **(year)** $j **(month)** $w **2** $x **09** $y **pm09,01 **
- [Note:  This is not strictly semiannual.]
-    86_ 4_ $8
-    86_ 4_ $8
-     Display:

## Exercise 5

**Publications lacking captions**:  Some enumerations are not preceded by a caption.  We use the convention of **(*)** to indicate that no caption is present for this part of the enumeration.  The example used for this exercise is an annual with number and year.
- 20 // 2000
- 21 // 2001
- 22 // 2002
- Code the second indicator of the three 86x for uncompressed, use textual display.  Give a textual holding that would correspond to this range.  (Be sure to check the *Handbook* for the meaning of the indicators in the textual field.)

## Exercise 5 cont.

- Publication pattern:
- 853 20 $8 1  $a** (*)** $i **(year)** $w **a**
-    86_ 4_ $8
-    86_ 4_ $8
-    86_ 4_ $8
-    86_  __ $8

## Exercise 6

**Publications with alternative numbering.  **Code the holdings for a title that has both a new series designation and a whole series designation.   This series is now complete.  Since it was all received years ago, no publication pattern was entered.
- 853 00  $8 1  $a  **new ser.:no.**  $g **no**. $i **(year)**
- The volumes have two numbering systems:  no. 1 1884 (no. 142 of entire series) to no. 80 1957 (no. 222 of entire series).  Code this numbering in compressed format.  Write how it should display to the public.

## Exercise 6 cont.

- [Note:  This can be coded as textual or coded holdings. We use a coded holding here.]
-    86_ 4_ $8
- 	Display:

## Answers—Exercise 1

- 863 **41****	****$8 1.1 $a 4 $b 1 $i 2001 $j 02/04**
- 863 **41****	****$8 1.2 $a 4 $b 2 $i 2001 $j 05/07**
- 863 **41 $8 1.3 $a 4 $b 3 $i 2001 $j 08/10**
- 863 **41 $8 1.4 $a 4 $b 4 $i 2001 $j 11/01**
**To alter 4th statement: **
**	****a. Change $i 2001 to $i 2001/2002 [will not look perfect!]**
**	****b. Include entire chronology in subfield $i and**
**	****    ****use natural language chronology:**
**	****	****$i 2001:Nov./2002:Jan.****	****	**

## Answers—Exercise 2

- 86**3** 4**1**	**$8 1.1 $a 1 $b 1 $i 2002 $j 23**
- 86**3** 4**1**	**$8 1.2 $a 1 $b 2 $i 2002 $j 24**
- 86**3** 4**1** 	**$8 1.3 $a 1 $b 3 $i 2003 $j 21**
- 86**5** 4**1**	**$8 1.1 $a 2002/2003**
- [Note that the link and even sequence number can be reused for base volumes, supplements, and indexes.]

## Answers—Exercise 3

- 86**3** 4**0** **$8 1.1 $a 4 $b 1-3 $i 2002 $j 01-03**

- Display:  ser.3:v.4:release 1(2002:Jan.)-4:3(2002:Mar.)

## Answers—Exercise 4

- 86**3** 4**0**	**$8 1.1 $a 10 $i 2000/2001**
- 863 41	$8 1.2 $a 11 $b 1 $i 2001 $j 09
- Display:  v. 10(2000/2001)
- 	     v. 11:1st semester(2001:Sept.)

## Answers—Exercise 5

- 86**3** 4**3**	$8 **1.1 $a 20 $i 2000**
- 86**3** 4**3**	$8 **1.2 $a 21 $i 2001**
- 86**3** 4**3**  	$8 **1.3 $a 22 $i 2002**
- 86**6** **41**	$8 **1 $a 20-22(2000-2002)**
**Display:  20-22(2000-2002)**
**(could also be keyed in adjacent format)**

## Answers—Exercise 6

- 863 40	$8 1.1 $a 1-80 $g 142-222 $i 1884-1957
- Display:
- new ser.:no.1(1884)-80 (1957) =no.142-222