# Presentation: 296894

## Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Physics ProgramsMike LeitchPhysics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory

## LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program

**Outline**

-  Personal, activities, collaborators
-  Physics highlights
-  dAu & AA J/’s
-  1st Upsilons at RHIC
-  J/ spin asymmetry in polarized p+p
-  Hadron correlations
-  CMS/LHC gamma-jet studies
-  Technical accomplishments
-  Muon tracker operations
-  Forward Silicon Vertex detector upgrade
-  Future goals
-  Budget

## LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program Current Personnel

- Physics Analysis
-     Brooks, Butsyk(PD), Camacho(PD), Constantin(PD), Kunde, Lee, Leitch, Liu, McGaughey, Miranov(PD), Purwar(PD), van Hecke
- Forward Silicon Vertex Upgrade*
- add Kapustinsky, Sondheim, Boissevain
- CMS Heavy Ion*
-       Constantin(PD), Kunde, Miranov(PD)
- Theory
- 	 Ivan Vitev(Oppenheimer PD)*
- * with LDRD support

## LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program Major Collaborators

- _Muon Spectrometers in PHENIX_
- LANL, ORNL, Ecole Polytechnique ,Saclay,
- Riken, Kyoto, Korean Universities,
- University of Colorado, UNM, NMSU
- _Forward Si Vertex (FVTX) PHENIX upgrade_
- LANL, BNL, Charles University(Prague),
- Columbia, FNAL, HYTEC, Inc.
- Iowa State University,
- New Mexico State University
- University of New Mexico

## LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program PHENIX Activities

- Physics working groups: all, Brooks (heavy-quark physics convener & speakers bureau)
- Paper writing:  Brooks, Constantin, Kunde, Leitch, Liu, McGaughey, Purwar
- Internal paper review committee: Lee, Leitch, McGaughey, van Hecke
- Muon Tracking operations & repairs: Leitch, Butsyk, Lee, Liu, Sondheim, Purwar...                                                                                                                     Period coordinator: Leitch (run03,04,05,06)
- FVTX Upgrade proposal: Brooks, Kunde, Lee, Leitch, Liu, McGaughey, van Hecke
- Integration & Engineering: Sondheim, Boissevain
- Detector Council Members:  van Hecke(past MVD), Brooks(past muon),	  	Leitch(past muon),McGaughey (past muon)                                                                                                    Subsystem manager: Lee (muon mechanical)
- Executive Council: Leitch (past)
- PHENIX Physics Impact Panel for QM05 – Leitch
- Convenor of RHIC II pA/Forward physics group – Leitch
- NSAC Heavy Ion Review: Barnes

## LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program PHENIX Activities

- Organized Annual Muon Workshop in Santa Fe in June, 3 days including invited theory talks
- 	2003, 2004, 2005 ~50+ attendees
- Organized Muon Software Workshop in BNL February 2005
- Organized FVTX workshop at LANL on triggering
- PANIC organizing Committees and operations + LHC Panic satellite workshop
- APS Hadron Physics Topical Group Executive Committee - Leitch
- Host for students, postdocs, staff from elsewhere for physics analysis:
-     _NMSU_ - Xiaorong Wang, Han Liu, Hisham Al-Bathaineh (in residence with LANL group)
-     _Korea U. & Yonsei_ - Minjung Kweon, Woojin Park, DongJo Kim, MinKung Lee, BeomSu Chang
-     _Saclay_ - Hugo Pereria; _UNM_ - Imran Younis; _UCR_ - Vasili Dzhordzhadze
-     _UIC_ - Miroslav Mihaylov; _NMSU_ -Alberto Canabal-Rey
- Many former postdocs or staff now contributing elsewhere – John Sullivan, Jane Burward-Hoy, Ben Norman (LANL); David Silvermyr (ORNL); Rusty Towell (ACU); Paul Reimer (ANL); Shekhar Mishra (FNAL) to name a few.

## LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program Applications & Spinoffs

- Muon Radiography Front End Preamplifier:
- Using analog electronics expertise developed for the PHENIX muon spectrometer, we designed a preamplifier circuit for the Muon Radiography program at LANL. This low noise, differential output amplifier solved a crosstalk problem in their front-end circuitry, as well as providing reduced detection threshold in their drift tubes. 128 channels have been installed and are performing well. Hundreds more channels are either under construction or planned for the near future.
- Low Cost Radiation Monitor for Remote Borders:
- Based upon our experience with scintillation detectors and low noise electronics, we wrote a proposal to DNDO/DHS for the development of a low cost gamma-ray and neutron detection system which could instrument long sections of the US border. The detector would consist of long tubes of liquid scintillator, whose light would be detected using vacuum photo-diodes and processed with low-noise current integrators. $600K of first year funding was requested, with a decision expected in early spring of 2006.

## LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program 

**Spin Physics at RHIC with Muons**

- 1st measurement of single-spin asymmetry for J/ in polarized p+p (M. Liu)
- Only LANL is working on spin measurements with muons

## LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program 

- CNM calculations with weak shadowing and absorption – need more precise dAu data.

- AA suppression is somewhat stronger than CNM calculations predict

- 0 mb

- 5 mb

- 1 mb

- 3 mb

- R. Vogt CNM calcs.

**Low x****2**** ~ 0.003**
**(shadowing region)**

- Also developing case for RHIC-II dA physics

- 200 GeV  d+Au  J/

**LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program**
**Cold Nuclear Matter (CNM) Suppression of J/******
**(1st RHIC dAu J/******** PRL - Leitch)**

## LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program 

- 1st Upsilons at RHIC from ~3pb-1 2005 p+p (Leitch, Butsyk)

- 1st comprehensive AA J/ results from RHIC!
- (Brooks and many others)
-  regeneration compensates for QGP screening
-  OR sequential screening – the J/ never dissolved (as recent recent lattice-QCD calculations suggest)

- screening

- regeneration

- total

**LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program**
**Regeneration or Screening – That is the Question?**

## D

- Trigger on one leading hadron, and look for associated particles, “near” and “away”
-  Is jet production modified in medium?
- _Yes -- Away-side shape modification:_
-  broadening - pp, dAu, peripheral AuAu
-  splitting - central and mid-central AuAu (and not more broadening)

- AuAu  0-10% centrality
- AuAu 30-40% centrality
- AuAu 60-92% centrality

- p-p

- d-Au

**Δφ****  [rad]**

***PHENIX Preliminary***

**D**

- Dijet event in a hot QCD medium

**  ****p****Trigger**** = 2-3 GeV**
**p****Associated**** = 1-2 GeV**

**LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program**
**Interaction of Hadronic Dijets with the QGP****Splitting of away-side jets (Constantin)**

## LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program 

- In-medium fragmentation functions Dqh(z,Q2) via Virtual-photon/Z0 tagged jet

-  Could give 1st direct measurement of energy-loss
-  Virtual   μμ avoids π0 backgrounds

**CMS Simulation**

**Large CMS Acceptance is Crucial **

- G.J.Kunde P.Constantin M.Mihaylov C.Mironov

**LANL-LDRD-ER FY06-08**

- Other LHC interests: Quarkonia and pA collisions in the small-x gluon saturation region

**LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program**
**LANL in CMS at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)**
**(Kunde, Constantin, Mironov, Mihaylov)**

## LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program 

- Continuing operations and repairs of muon tracking systems
- lead along with Ecole Polytechnique

**LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program**
**The PHENIX Muon Spectrometers**

## LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program 

- Enable a complete onia + open-heavy flavor physics picture
-  open-charm constraints on J/ regeneration
-  consistent gluon saturation picture from onia and charm/beauty
-  gluon polarization via charm & beauty over broad x range
- Identification of forward/backward detached vertices:
-  B  J/ X  &   B,D  μ at large pT
-  rejection of π & K decays to clean single & pair spectra
-  improved J/, ’ mass resolution/separation

- Proposal: https://www.phenix.bnl.gov/phenix/WWW/publish/leitch/fvtx/fvtx_xx.doc

- Detector/project synopsis (Manager M. Brooks):
-  <200μm zvtx resolution; <1.5% central AuAu occupancy
-  4 mini-strip silicon umbrellas in front of each muon arm
-  fast trigger to enrich & enable timely physics
-  $4.5M cost with completion target end FY10

**LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program**
**Forward Silicon Vertex (FVTX) Upgrade Proposal**
**(will be sent to DOE before March retreat)**

## LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program 

-  Prepare & push for new Au+Au and d+Au runs to obtain more precise data to allow disentangling the physics of J/ suppression in both d+A and A+A .
-  Extract open charm production in Au+Au collisions via single muons to help disentangle J/ suppression due to the QGP and small-x physics from nuclear medium effects.
-  Study spin physics measurements (gluon polarization via J/ and open charm asymmetry measurements) in polarized p-p collisions & look for 1st W’s in run6 500 GeV pp run.
-  Submit proposal for forward silicon vertex detector upgrade and continue  R+D towards a 1st prototype and the full detector.
-  Continue the process of establishing a role in the LHC heavy ion program with study of gamma-jet correlations & p+A onia physics.

**LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program**
**Research Goals, FY06 and beyond**

## LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program 

-  need to add a new young energetic physicist to help Liu and LANL push this physics
- LANL leading major new effort for FVTX upgrade to PHENIX
-  we cannot shut down our physics efforts while we do this like largely happened during the muon tracker construction!
-  need to maintain strong physics while building FVTX
- Lee probably retiring or phasing out over next few years
-  need replacement with superb detector and management skills in order to assure success in the FVTX project

**LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program**
**Summary of Strategy for Staffing and Effort**

## LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program 

| Year | FY06 | FY07 | FY08 |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | presidents | -5% | flat | +3.5% | proposed |
| KB02+KB01 | $2132+896k | $2320+1100k | 2204+1045 | 2320+1100 | 2401+1139 | 2552+1210 |
| Budget | $3028k | $3420k | $3249k | $3420k | $3540k | $3762k |
| FTE | 5.8+3.2PD | 6.8+3.2PD | 5.8+3.2PD | 6.8+3.2PD | 7.1+3.2PD | 7.5+3.2PD |
| J/,  p+p,d+A,A+A | subcritical AuAu | good | subcritical | marginal | good |  |
| single-μ       c,b quarks | too thin | good | subcritical | marginal | good |  |
| gluon polarization | good for beginning | good | subcritical | marginal | good | fully engaged |
| jet  correlations | small effort |  |  |  |  |  |
| FVTX | Major new effort |  |  |  |  |  |
| CMS/LHC | LDRD |  |  |  |  | add pA? |

- no new
- staff

- M&S
- tight

- maintain
- physics & FVTX

- robust FVTX
- + more LHC

**LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program**
**Resource Distribution & Comments – FY08**

## LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program 

| Activity | FY06 |  | FY07 |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | KB01 | KB02 | KB01 |  | KB02 |
| J/,  - p+p,d+A,A+A | 0.8 + 0.5 PD | 0.5 + 0.5 PD | 1 + 0.5 PD |  | 0.7 + 0.5 PD |
| single-μ - c,b quarks |  | 0.8 + 0.5 PD |  |  | 1 + 0.5 PD |
| gluon polarization | 0.9 + 0.5 PD |  | 1.3 + 0.5 PD |  |  |
| jet  correlations |  | 0.25 + 0.5 PD |  |  | 0.25 + 0.5 PD |
| FVTX | 0.2 | 2.35 + 0.75  PD | 0.2 |  | 2.35 + 0.75 PD |
| CMS/LHC | LDRD |  | LDRD |  |  |
| KB01 or KB02 | 1.9 + 1 PD | 3.9 + 2.2 PD | 2.5 + 1 PD | 4.3 + 2.2 PD |  |
| total | 5.8 + 3.2 PD |  | 6.8 + 3.2 PD |  |  |

- With LDRD for FVTX also

**LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program**
**Resource Distribution &  approximate **
**KB01, KB02 FTE Breakdown**

## LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program 

-  need to add a new young energetic physicist to help Liu and LANL push this physics
- LANL leading major new effort for FVTX upgrade to PHENIX
-  we cannot shut down our physics efforts while we do this like largely happened during the muon tracker construction!
-  need to maintain strong physics while building FVTX
- Lee probably retiring or phasing out over next few years
-  need replacement with superb detector and management skills in order to assure success in the FVTX project

**LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program**
**Summary of Strategy for Staffing and Effort**

## BACKUP SLIDES

## Out-year Plan for “proposed” (+10%/yr) Scenario

| FY | FY08 | FY09 | FY10 | FY11 | FY12 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| KB01+KB02 | 1210+2552 | 1295+2731 | 1385+2922 | 1482+3126 | 1586+3345 |
| +FTE | +1.75 | +2.25 | +2.75 | +3.5 | +4.25 |
| evolution | Robust HI, CNM, Spin + FVTX, some LHC | Ramp up Spin, LHC  Add         J-PARC? |  |  |  |

**Out-year Plan for “proposed” (+10%/yr) Scenario**

-  loss of present LDRD projects (DR & ER) after FY08
-  unlikely to get new DR but ER(s) possible, e.g. for J-PARC or E906/FNAL
-  construction funding for FVTX HOPEFULLY will start flowing in FY08
-  in out years proposed funding levels, besides giving robust heavy-ion, cold nuclear matter, and spin program at RHIC; could allow:
-  substantial program at LHC (heavy ions and pA)
-  J-PARC or E906 program started through LDRD-ER

## Heavy Quarks as a Probe of a New State of Matter

**Principal Investigators:**
-  Patrick McGaughey, Emil Mottola
-  **Additional Investigators:**
-  Melynda Brooks, Rajan Gupta, Gerd Kunde, David Lee, Ivan Vitev,
-  **Abstract**
- Intriguing evidence that a new state of matter, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), is formed in collisions of ultra-relativistic heavy ions has been presented during the past year by physicists working at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. We propose to develop a unique capability at RHIC for the direct identification of heavy quarks which will be used to accurately determine the properties of this new state of matter produced in central collisions,. We will construct a Silicon micro-vertex detector (SVD) covering the forward collision region, which will provide the world’s best determination of heavy quarks in the high multiplicity environment of nuclear collisions.  We will develop novel theoretical and computational tools to model and interpret the data, with the goal of establishing the nature of the strongly interacting non-equilibrium plasma.

**Los Alamos RHIC Program**
**LDRD-DR Proposal**

## LANL LDRD-ER, “A New Probe for the Quark Gluon Plasma”

**LANL LDRD-ER, “A New Probe for the Quark Gluon Plasma”**
**Kunde, Constantin, (Norman), Mihaylov, Mironov**

##       https://www.phenix.bnl.gov/phenix/WWW/publish/leitch/fvtx/fvtx_9feb06.doc

- K.A. Drees, R. Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY USA
- M. Finger, M. Finger
- Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- J. Klaus
- Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
- P. Mikes, J. Popule, L. Tomasek, M. Tomasek, V. Vrba
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- B. Cole, E. Mannel, D. Winter, W. Zajc
- Columbia University, NewYork, NY
- J.C. Hill, J.G. Lajoie, C.A. Ogilvie, A. Lebedev, H. Pei, G.Skank,
- A. Semenov, G. Sleege, F. Wei
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 56011, USA
- N. Saito, M. Togawa, M. Wagner
- Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan
- J.G. Boissevain, M.L. Brooks, S. Butsyk, H.W. van Hecke, J. Kapustinsky, G.J. Kunde, D.M.  Lee,
- M.J. Leitch, M.X. Liu, P.L. McGaughey, A.K. Purwar, W.E. Sondheim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- Hisham Albataineh, G. Kyle, H. Liu, S. Pate, X.R. Wang
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
- B. Bassalleck, D.E. Fields, M. Hoeferkamp, M. Malik, J. Turner
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

- Also Interested – ANL, Ecole Poly, FSU, Korea U., Saclay, Yonsei

-       https://www.phenix.bnl.gov/phenix/WWW/publish/leitch/fvtx/fvtx_9feb06.doc

## Cost
R&D - $360k LANL + $495k BNL
Construction - $3.56M + 27% contingency  $4.52M
LANL/LDRD prototype - $1.25M/yr for 3 yrs (including theory and includes $360k above R&D)

Schedule
Installed & commissioning by end FY10
Construction start October 2007 (FY08)
R&D start January 2006

Proposal schedule
PHENIX review Dec. 2005
BNL review ~ Jan 2005  March 2006
Submit to DOE for FY08 budget planning ~March 2006

- R&D - $360k LANL + $495k BNL
- Construction - $3.56M + 27% contingency  $4.52M
- LANL/LDRD prototype - $1.25M/yr for 3 yrs (including theory and includes $360k above R&D)
- Schedule
- Installed & commissioning by end FY10
- Construction start October 2007 (FY08)
- R&D start January 2006
- Proposal schedule
- PHENIX review Dec. 2005
- BNL review ~ Jan 2005  March 2006
- Submit to DOE for FY08 budget planning ~March 2006

**FVTX Cost & Schedule Summary**

## FVTX Funding Profile

**FVTX Funding Profile**

## Baseline: Lead-Lead collisions
“Early Pb Scheme” – much easier to achieve – for 2008 (and 2009?)
Allows study of performance limitations.
“Nominal Pb Scheme” by 2009 (or 2010?)    
Pb-Pb is perceived as posing the most difficult accelerator physics problems

Future “upgrades” not in Baseline: 	
p-Pb collisions under study
Effects of revolution frequency difference at injection expected to be much weaker than at RHIC
lighter ion-ion collisions (e.g. Ca, Ar, O, ...) appear possible without major upgrades, to be studied.

- “Early Pb Scheme” – much easier to achieve – for 2008 (and 2009?)
- Allows study of performance limitations.
- “Nominal Pb Scheme” by 2009 (or 2010?)
- Pb-Pb is perceived as posing the most difficult accelerator physics problems
- Future “upgrades” not in Baseline:
- p-Pb collisions under study
- Effects of revolution frequency difference at injection expected to be *much* *weaker* than at RHIC
- lighter ion-ion collisions (e.g. Ca, Ar, O, ...) appear possible without major upgrades, to be studied.

*from talk at PANIC05 Heavy-Ion LHC satellite meeting presented by Bolek Wyslouch*

**Heavy Ion Collisions - LHC Planning**

**Notes:**
For p-Pb see my slides at the pA workshop in CERN.    More coming in a paper.    

## DRAFT  LOI

**Nucleon Sea Asymmetry & Parton Energy Loss at JPARC?**
**(descendent of E866/NuSea at FNAL)**

*DRAFT  LOI*

## Heavy Quarks with Single Muons

- 1st measurement nuclear dependence in d+A of forward prompt (charm & beauty) muons at RHIC. Suppression at large rapidity (small-x shadowing region) and enhancement at negative rapidity. (M. Liu, X-R Wang)

**Heavy Quarks with Single Muons**

## Flow with the MVD & anticipation of forward 

- Azimuthal asymmetry v2 (elliptic flow) as function of pseudo rapidity & centrality for minimum bias A-A collisions at 200 GeV. The measurement from run4 with the MVD pad detectors is colored in magenta; the FVTX will cover the same range in pseudo rapidity. (The MVD is now removed, but the FVTX is, hopefully, coming.) [Norman, Kunde, van Hecke]

**Flow with the MVD & anticipation of forward **
**silicon upgrade**

## World’s fastest chips (840 Mbit/sec), 0.25um CMOS, developed by FNAL.
Hits are read out in real-time  direct triggering.
Lowest power per pixel and lowest noise (90 uW, 220e-).
Large channel count per chip (up to 2816).
Our vertex detector is first to use this new technology.
Prototypes being tested at LANL and FNAL.

- Hits are read out in real-time  direct triggering.
- Lowest power per pixel and lowest noise (90 uW, 220e-).
- Large channel count per chip (up to 2816).
- Our vertex detector is first to use this new technology.
- Prototypes being tested at LANL and FNAL.

- Prototype
- Si Strip
- Detector

- FPIX
- Readout
- Chip

**FVTX – Working in the lab with the FPIX **
**Readout & 2 Sensors**