# Presentation: 215451

## Overview of the GJXDM

## Acronyms

- DOJ: Department of Justice
- BJA: Bureau of Justice Assistance
- OJP: Office of Justice Programs
- GJXDM: Global Justice XML Data Model
- NIEM: National Information Exchange Model
- NDR: Naming and Design Rules
- COIs: Communites of Interest
- LoBs: Lines of Business
- BRM: Business Reference Model
- IEPD: Information Exchange Package Documentation
- Nlets: International Justice and Public Safety Information Sharing Network
- SOA: Service Oriented Architecture

- XSTF: XML Structure Task Force
- SIGs: Special Interest Groups
- NTAC: NIEM Technical Advisory Committee
- NBAC: NIEM Business Advisory Committee
- GTRI: Georgia Tech Research Institute
- SSGT: Subset Schema Generation Tool
- IIR: Institute for Intergovernmental Research
- NCSC: National Center for State Courts
- JRA: Justice Reference Architecture
- JIEM: Justice Information Exchange Model

## The Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative(“Global”)and theGlobal Advisory Committee

## What is Global?

- Initiative operating under the support and guidance of Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) and Office of Justice Programs (OJP), U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ)
- Global – through its Global Advisory Committee (GAC) – is a **Federal Advisory Committee to the highest law enforcement officer in the nation:  the U.S. Attorney General**
- GAC Mission—improve the administration of justice and protect the nation’s public by promoting practices and technologies for the secure sharing of justice-related information
- GAC consists of broad membership (“group of groups”) – **fundamental tenet of inclusiveness and collaboration**
- GAC recommendations are informed by work of four Working Groups:
- Global Intelligence Working Group (GIWG)
- Global Infrastructure/Standards Working Group (GISWG)
- Global Privacy and Information Quality Working Group (GPIQWG)
- Global Security Working Group (GSWG)

**Notes:**
Created to promote broadscale sharing of pertinent justice information to support public safety 
The Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative (Global) Advisory Committee (GAC) reports to the Assistant Attorney General, Office of Justice Programs (OJP), and the U.S. Attorney General in an advisory capacity
Consists of key officials from local, state, tribal, federal, and other justice-related entities (“group of groups”)

Global’s mission:  To improve the administration of justice and protect the nation’s public by promoting practices and technologies for the secure sharing of justice-related information

## GAC Membership

- Administration Office of the United States Courts
- American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators
- American Correctional Association
- American Probation and Parole Association
- Association of State Correctional Administrators
- Conference of State Court Administrators
- Criminal Intelligence Coordinating Council
- Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Advisory Board
- Executive Office for United States Attorneys
- Federal Bureau of Investigation
- International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)
- IACP – Division of State and Provincial Police
- IACP – Indian Country Law Enforcement Section
- INTERPOL – United States National Central Bureau
- Major Cities Chiefs Association
- National Association of Attorneys General

## GAC Membership (continued)

- National Association of Court Management
- National Association of State Chief Information Officers
- National Center for State Courts
- National Conference of State Legislators
- National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
- National Criminal Justice Association
- National District Attorneys Association
- National Governors Association
- National Legal Aid & Defender Association
- National Sheriffs’ Association
- NLETS – The International Justice and Public Safety Information Sharing Network
- SEARCH, The National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security
- U.S. Department of Justice – Justice Management Division
- U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration

## Area of Emphasis:Developing and Implementing the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan (NCISP)(GIWG Activity)

**Notes:**
The process of developing the Plan began in December 2002
The GIWG committees addressed specific issues/needs
The GIWG developed 28 recommendations and action items for implementation of the NCISP
Vetting process involved local, state, tribal, and federal law enforcement agencies and regional, state, and national organizations
Attorney General Ashcroft accepted and endorsed all 28 recommendations in October 2003
A National Kick-Off Event was held on May 14, 2004, at the Great Hall of Justice.  The Plan was endorsed by U.S. Attorney General Ashcroft, FBI Director Mueller, and DHS Undersecretary Libutti.  The establishment of the Criminal Intelligence Coordinating Council (CICC) was announced at this event

The National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan is a key tool that law enforcement agencies can employ to support their crime-fighting and public safety efforts.

The Plan is intended to be a “living document” and will be periodically updated.   Those charged with developing and implementing the Plan will continue to solicit the involvement of the law enforcement and intelligence communities, national organizations, and other government and public safety entities, in order to ensure that the Plan is responsive to their needs for information and intelligence development and sharing. 

## Area of Emphasis:Development of Recommended Fusion Center Standards (GIWG Activity) 

**Notes:**
What Is a Fusion Center?
A collaborative effort of two or more agencies who provide resources, expertise, and/or information to the center with the goal of maximizing the ability to detect, prevent, apprehend, and respond to criminal and terrorist activity

Maximizes resources, streamlines operations, and improves the ability to fight crime and terrorism by merging data from a variety of sources

Compiles, blends, analyzes, and disseminates criminal intelligence and other information from public safety, law enforcement, public health, social service, and public works  

Implements portions of the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan

## Area of Emphasis:  Privacy (GPIQWG Activity)

*Privacy and Information Quality Policy Development for the Justice Decision Maker (*Completed)
- Targets executives with a high-level, educational policy piece underscoring the need for their attention and response to privacy and data quality issues
*Privacy Policy Development Guide*
- Builds on the Policy Paper (above)
- Targets those charged with actually *developing *the privacy policy
- In-depth, hands-on manual including templates, tools, and resources
- Anticipated drop date:  summer 2005

**Notes:**
RE:  * Global Justice XML Data Model (Global JXDM) training – hand out flyers for the: 
Executive Training (February 28) and 
Developer’s Workshop (March 1-3), both of which will be held in Arlington, Virginia
RE: SOA – 
Tom Clarke, chair of the Services Subcommittee of GISWG, will be at this meeting to specifically address SOA/GISWG activities  
He will have spoken about GISWG/SOA in the session from 8:00–10:00 a.m., “Systems & Technology Program Advisory Committee,” on which you also are sitting.  He will have handed out hard copies of the SOA report  
If Tom is sticking around awhile and/or if he has leftover copies of the report, you might refer any related questions to him

## Areas of Emphasis:   Information Sharing Standards and Architecture (GISWG Activities)

- Global Justice XML Data Model (Global JXDM) and NIEM
- Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) for the justice community – Justice Reference Architecture

**Notes:**
RE:  * Global Justice XML Data Model (Global JXDM) training – hand out flyers for the: 
Executive Training (February 28) and 
Developer’s Workshop (March 1-3), both of which will be held in Arlington, Virginia 
RE: SOA – 
Tom Clarke, chair of the Services Subcommittee of GISWG, will be at this meeting to specifically address SOA/GISWG activities
He will have spoken about GISWG/SOA in the session from 8:00–10:00 a.m., “Systems & Technology Program Advisory Committee,” on which you also are sitting.  He will have handed out hard copies of the SOA report  
If Tom is sticking around awhile and/or if he has leftover copies of the report, you might refer any related questions to him7

## Collaborative Relationships

- Global tenets: ***collaboration with other agencies*** and
***leveraging complementary activities:***
- Fusion Centers
- International Association of Chiefs of Police
- International Association of Law Enforcement Intelligence Analysts (IALEIA)
- Law Enforcement Intelligence Unit (LEIU)
- NLETS – The International Justice and Public Safety Information Sharing Network
- Regional Information Sharing Systems (RISS) Program
- U.S. DOJ
- Justice Intelligence Coordinating Council
- Law Enforcement Information Sharing Project (LEISP)
- Law Enforcement National Data Exchange (N-DEx)
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security (National Information Exchange Model, or “NIEM”)

## Global Areas of Emphasis are Important

- Promote standards-based, electronic information exchange
- Consistency and widespread adoption = decrease stovepipes, increase in capabilities
- Promote information sharing that is timely, accurate, complete, and accessible in a secure and trusted environment while ***vigorously*** considering privacy issues
- Recommendations informed by input from across the entire justice spectrum – strength in GAC composition
- Emphasis on incremental strategies and support of legacy systems
- Not “all or nothing” propositions, while at the same time informing agency’s “next steps”
- Emphasis on reuse (Global JXDM) and leveraging/building on existing efforts (NIEM) and justice IT expertise = resource conservation
- No need to reinvent the wheel – save time, money, and manpower
- Providing real guidance and tools to the field
- Global gives a _powerful voice_ to local, state, and tribal justice information sharing issues

## GJXDM Training and Technical Assistance Committee (GTTAC)

- GJXDM training programs
- Reference document development
- Technical assistance
- National help desk
- Knowledge management system

| Nlets | SEARCH |
| --- | --- |
| NLECTC | GTRI |
| NCSC | LEITSC |
| XSTF | IJIS Institute
 |

**Notes:**
GTTAC is an informal organization of national technical assistance and training providers who use Federal grant funding to help agencies build ways to share information

## GTTAC member organizations

- Nlets
- National Center for State Courts
- SEARCH
- National Governors Association
- National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers
- Georgia Tech Research Institute
- Law Enforcement Information Technology Standards Council (IACP, PERF, NOBLE, NSA)
- Global XML Structure Task Force
- Justice Information Sharing Professionals
- National Association of State CIOs
- IJIS Institute

- Chair—Tom Clarke
- VP, NCSC

**GTTAC Executive Steering Committee**
- Paul Wormeli, Chair, IJIS Institute
- Steve Correll, Nlets
- Ron Hawley, SEARCH
- Mary McQueen, NCSC

## Who Created the GJXDM?

**of the Global Infrastructure/Standards Working Group**

*Global XML Structure Task Force*

## What is the GJXDM?

- The GJXDM, or Global Justice XML Data Model, is a large-scale, object-oriented data model with extensive inheritance, instantiated as XML Schema; composed of reusable components (~2000 data elements and ~500 data types); and designed to facilitate disparate justice entities in exchanging information quickly, accurately, and reliably

**Notes:**
Instructor Note: Take a deep breath and say this in one quick shot.  Then say, although technically correct, what the model really is a large data model to help standardize the sharing of information.  

## What the GJXDM REALLY is

- A data dictionary and reference model in the form of an XML Schema
- A framework that can be adapted/extended by local, state, tribal, and federal jurisdictions to support information sharing
- A work in progress
- Intentionally overinclusive

**Notes:**
Definitions – semantics, precise 
Structure
It is more than a data dictionary 
It has an XML representation
Has object-oriented properties
Standard Foundation for Information Exchanges
Not specific to one application
Not specific to one organization or community
An “Erector Set” – Pieces for you to use

It is more than a data dictionary.  It defines a person.  If you are going to talk about a person, what is useful about a person – gender, date of birth, etc.
Erector set is a tool box.  Intentionally over-inclusive,  Not done, follow the rules

## What the GJXDM is NOT

- Database technology
- Just XML—it is a set of objects and their definitions
- Big “J” (U.S. Department of Justice) specific
- Does include courts, corrections, juvenile, etc.
- A programming language
- A silver bullet
- A replacement for exchanges and interagency agreements, which must still be defined
- A definition of interoperability (messaging, etc.)

**Notes:**
Speaker note: Make sure to say NOT before each bullet – except for the indented bullet
At the end, GJXDM it is a dictionary, it defines pieces, it does not contain the structure of ANY exchange.

## An AstonishinglyBrief History

- Many separate data dictionary efforts
- Major data dictionary reconciliation effort
- Created the Reconciled Data Dictionary (RDD)
- GJXDM starts with the RDD and adds structure
- More on this in just a moment...
- GJXDM 3.0.3 is the current release

## Governance(Also Astonishingly Brief)

- Global XML Structure Task Force (XSTF)sets the direction of the GJXDM
- Wide representation:
- Courts
- State and local law enforcement
- Probation and parole
- Federal government
- Vendor community
- Academia
- Global Advisory Committee directs the XSTF
- DOJ, OJP funds GJXDM development

## What Do You Need to Succeed With GJXDM?

- Governance
- Tools
- Training
- Resources
- Follow best practices
- GJXDM
- Software development
- Domain-specific

## GJXDM Design

- Standards-based
- Structured data dictionary
- Represented by XML Schema
- Object-oriented
- Extension
- Reuse
*Enables local additions of data components*

**Notes:**
Use International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 11179—Specification and Standardization of Data Elements and other applicable standards

## GJXDM Design (continued)

- Overinclusive and optional
- Requirements, solutions, and time constraints from rational compromises

## Why Structure?

- What’s wrong with a giant Data Dictionary?
- Lack of consistency
- Each person-ish object might be different
- Lack of re-use
- Adding something new means adding multiple copies
- Quickly becomes unmanageable

## Why Structure?

- Structure buys you:
- Consistency
- All people-based objects share commonalities
- All document-based objects share commonalities
- Etc.
- Ease of Re-use
- Add new types of info in one place only
- At whatever level is appropriate

## Using the GJXDM

- GJXDM is a toolbox
- Over-inclusive and optional
- <Citation></Citation> is a valid document
- Don’t use it “as is”
- Use it to create your own versions, following certain rules
- This creates a number of other schemas...

## Other Schemas

- Subset Schema (or is that “Schema Subset?”)
- Contains just the parts you need
- Extension Schema
- GJXDM is huge, but not all-inclusive
- Can add elements of your own via extension
- Document Schema
- Defines root element and acts as a wrapper for your XML documents
- GJXDM itself doesn’t have a root element
- Constraint Schema
- Applies other business rules, e.g. cardinality

## By Hand?

- You _can_ deal with all this by hand
- You _can_ learn about the model by reading the schema
- You _can_ create schema subsets by hand
- But I wouldn’t recommend it!

## Tools

- GTRI Spreadsheet
- Look up types and elements
- it.ojp.gov/jxdm/3.0.3/
- GTRI SSGT
- Ditto, plus generate subset schemas
- gjxdmtools.gtri.gatech.edu/
- Wayfarer
- Inheritance and a whole lot more
- www.ncsconline.org/d_tech/wayfarer/

## What Do YouDo With It?

- Define exchanges
- Combine schemas and documentation into collections called IEPDs
- IEPDs = Information Exchange Package Documentation
- No, I don’t like the name either

## IEPD Development Life Cycle

**Notes:**
Paul E. will change this diagram to show the S/W development lifecycle
Paul E may provide, Classical S/W development lifecycle

## Look Before You Create

- Someone may have already done it
- Someone may be working on it
- Someone may be thinking about it
- IEPD Clearinghouse, _[http://it.ojp.gov/iepd/](http://it.ojp.gov/iepd/)_
- Be sure to register your project

**Notes:**
Do a live demo of the IEPD site and show the structure of the ZIP file.  Specify the exact one that should be used in these speaker notes.

## Technical Assistance Sources

- GJXDM Training and Technical Assistance Committee
- GJXDM Executive Briefing
- GJXDM Developer Training
- GJXDM Help Desk and Listserv
- Technical Assistance
- IACP
- IJIS Institute
- NCSC
- NGA
- NLECTC
- SEARCH

## Resources for Understanding the Model

- GJXDM Help Desk
- it.ojp.gov/gjxdm/helpdesk/
- GJXDM Listserv
- www.it.ojp.gov/topic.jsp?topic_id=97
- GJXDM User Guide
- it.ojp.gov/documents/GJXDMUserGuide.pdf
- GJXDM Technical Overview
- www.ncsconline.org/D_Tech/gjxdm/ctc9/articles/carlson.pdf

## GJXDM Training

- Regional focus
- Class size of 40–100
- New format focused on
- Basic knowledge of GJXDM
- Tools
- Information exchanges

**Notes:**
Railroads

Standards must reach critical mass, but when they do, the value to everyone increases exponentially.  Example standards:  electrical outlets & plugs, telephones & jacks, railroad gauges, Morse code, Ethernet, IP, HTTP, XML.

## GJXDM Conformance

- DOJ Special Conditions Language
- Requires conformance with the GJXDM
- DHS Special Conditions Language
- Mirrors the DOJ language
- DOJ-DHS Memorandum of Understanding
- Executive Order 13356, replaced by E.O. 13388 (October 25, 2005)
- Establishes an Information Systems Council
- Focus on information sharing and interoperable systems

**Notes:**
EO 13356:  Establish common security and access standards for managing and handling intelligence systems, information  and products....

Facilitate the fullest and most prompt sharing of information practicable

Establish interface standards for an interoperable information sharing enterprise

## Semantic Conformance

- What do we mean by **conformance**?
- Conformance means the ability to share accurate and reliable information using the GJXDM such that the information has **the same** meaning for the sender as it does for the receiver

## Technical Conformance

- Import and reference GJXDM namespace or a correct subset
- If it exists, use the appropriate GJXDM component (i.e., do not create a duplicate of one that exists)
- Be semantically consistent
- Use GJXDM components in accordance with their definitions
- Do not use an element to represent data other than what its definition describes

## Technical Conformance (continued)

- Apply XML Schema extension rules correctly and consistently
- Naming and Design Rules (NDR)
- Exchanges conform, NOT systems
- What you call data or how you use it in your own system does not impact conformance
- What counts is how you package data as XML for exchange
- There is no concept of partial conformance