# Presentation: 029728

## Thomas R. KarlIntegrated Surface Observing SystemNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information ServiceNational Climatic Data CenterJuly 20, 2004

## A View from the Top on Integrated Observations

**A View from the Top on Integrated Observations**

## Weather & Water/Climate Goals Response:

- We **agree**
- Taking steps to integrate the two into an Integrated Surface Observing System (ISOS)
- ISOS – 8000 weather and climate observing stations needed to meet NOAA’s data coverage requirements. (ASOS, COOP, CRN)
**CRN** configuration consists of upgraded sensors to meet climate accuracy and reliability requirements
- Sited to avoid measurement influences caused by land-use changes
- Some elements measured for climate requirements only

## Weather & Water/Climate Goals Response:

**COOP** consists of temperature and precipitation sensors meeting less stringent accuracy, reliability and siting requirements
- Measurements are required for regional climate analysis.
**ASOS** sensors required for weather analysis and forecasting, and to support aviation safety, e.g., visibility, humidity, wind, surface pressure and other weather-related elements.

## The Near-Term Future

- Single integrated data maintenance, data ingest, quality control system
- CRN, COOP and ASOS will be used to support the weather analysis and forecasting mission
- This workshop should provide the basis for an ISOS implementation strategy

## 20TH Century

**20****TH**** Century**

**OBSERVING SYSTEM TIMELINE**

**21****st**** Century**

| Atmospheric Observations |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Data Systems |  |  |
|  |  |  |
|  |  |  |
| Technology Development |  |  |
|  |  |  |

**Innovations**

**Breakthrough**

**Efficiencies Cost**

**Mass Productions**

- Space Observations

- Ocean Observations

**Innovations**

**Breakthrough**

**Efficiencies Cost**

**Mass Productions**

## NOAA’s Climate-Related Observation SystemAn End-to-End Issue and User Driven System

**NOAA Climate Program Observing & Data Systems**

**Surface Fresh Water**

**Atmosphere**

**Land**

**Ocean**

- GOES
- POES
- NPP
- NPOESS
- METOP
- EOS
- Lightning
- Weather Balloons
- ASOS
- PORTS
- Profiler
- Ocean Vessels
- Buoys
- XBT
- TAO
- Argo
- Dual Polarized
- Doppler
- Profiling Radar
- MDCRS
- WVSS

**Radar**

**Satellites**

**Surface Observations**

**NOAA Climate-Related Observations**

**USER**
**COMMUNITIES**

**INPUTS**

**Societal ****Benefit Drivers**

**GCOS**

**Reference Sondes**

**DATA SYSTEMS**

**MAJOR ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVING SYSTEMS**

**Scientific Data Stewardship**

**Private Sector Observing Systems**

- Mesonets
- LightningDetection
- Future?
- Future?
- Future?
- Future?

- WWWGlobalObservingSystem (GOS)
- Global AtmosphericWatch (GAW)
- Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)
- Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS)
- World Hydrological Cycle Observing System (WHYCOS)

**REQUIREMENTS**

**NEEDS**

**NOAA’s Climate-Related Observation System****An End-to-End Issue and User Driven System**

**Integrated Global Climate Observing Strategy**

**USER**
**COMMUNITIES**

**SURF RAD**

**OUTPUTS**

**USER COMMUNITIES**

**USER COMMUNITIES**

**OUTPUTS**

**OUTPUTS**

**Aircraft**

- Ocean Resources
- Energy
- Disasters
- Weather
- Climate
- Agriculture
- Human Health
- Ecological Forecasts
- Water Resource Management

**Radar**

**Satellites**

**Surface Observations**

**Aircraft**

**MAJOR OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEMS**

**OSV   Argo  Buoy   TAO   Others**

- WVSS
- MDCRS

- IKONOS
- Orbital Science
- Future?

- Doppler
- Future?

## IWGEO Overview of Integration Process

## Optimizing Observing Systems

**Optimizing Observing Systems**

_**Immature**_

_**Mostly Mature**_*Existing Paradigm*

- _Trade Space_

- Scientific Data Stewardship

**Strategic Criteria**

**Implementation Criteria**

**Demand Criteria**

- NOSA

- Ocean Resources
- Energy
- Disasters
- Weather
- Climate
- Agriculture
- Human Health
- Ecological Forecasts
- Water Resource Management

-  Monte Carlo Experiments
-  Model Simulations

***21st Century Vision***

- Scientific Data Stewardship

- Estimated Data Quality Statistics

- Known Data Quality Statistics

***For all related ******Observing Systems***

- New Observing Systems

- Enhancement of Existing Systems

**Observing System Requirements**

- Today

- Today

## Integrating Weather & Climate-Related Surface Observations

- Numerous observing systems measuring important  weather and climate-related observations
- Networks built for specific purposes (related but different priorities)
- A few examples:
- USCRN		(NOAA)
- COOP		(NOAA)
- ASOS		(NOAA)
- SCAN		(USDA)
- RAWS		(BLM)
- MESONETS	Regional Climate Centers, States
- SNOTEL		(USDA)

##       Installed Pair  (14)

-       **Installed Pair  (14)**
**               **

**USCRN Deployments**

**As of July 12, 2004**

**Scheduled by July 31 (2)**

**Installed Single (45)**

**Collocated with Canadian Reference Climate Network**

## KA Manhattan 6 SSW, Kansas State University, (Konza Prairie Biological Station) 

**KA Manhattan 6 SSW, Kansas State University, (Konza Prairie Biological Station)**** **
**39.1027 N  96.6 W  1139’**
**October 1, 2003**

**ID Murphy 10 W, ARS, NW Watershed Research Center**
**43.2 N  116.8 W  3950’**
**June 29, 2003**

**GA Newton 8 W, Robert W. Woodruff Foundation (Ichauway-George Site)**
**31.3 N  84.5 W  201’**
**August 20, 2002**

**NE Lincoln 11 SW, Audubon Society (Spring Creek Prairie Site)**
**40.7 N  96.8 W  1364’   January 14, 2002**

## Location of 100-station USCRN in CONUSSeptember 2007 (100* stations)

**Location of 100-station USCRN in CONUS****September 2007 (100* stations)**

## Cooperative Network (~7,000 stations)

**Cooperative Network (~7,000 stations)**

## Lake Effect Snow Belt from COOP Stations

**Lake Effect Snow Belt from COOP Stations**

## Modernized Cooperative Station Instrumentation

**Modernized Cooperative Station Instrumentation**

## ASOS Network (~800 stations)

**ASOS Network (~800 stations)**

## State and Regional Mesonets (~1,000 stations)

**State and Regional Mesonets (~1,000 stations)**

## SNOTEL Network (~600 stations)

**SNOTEL Network (~600 stations)**

## RAWS Network (~1,700 stations)

**RAWS Network (~1,700 stations)**

## SCAN Network (47 stations)

**SCAN Network (47 stations)**

## NETWORKS

|  | RAWS | ASOS | COOP  | SNOTEL | CRN | SCAN | REGIONAL & STATE MESONETS |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Wind Speed | H | H |  |  | H | H | 5 min to 1 Hr. |
| Wind Direction | H | H |  |  |  | H | 5 min to 1 Hr. |
| Temperature | H | H | D | H | H | H | 5 min to 1 Hr. |
| Relative Humidity | H | H |  |  | H | H | 5 min to 1 Hr. |
| Precipitation | H | H | D | H | H | H | 5 min to 1 Hr. |
| Pressure | H | H |  |  |  |  | 5 min to 1 Hr. |
| Soil Moisture |  |  |  |  |  | H |  |
| Soil Temperature |  |  |  | H |  | H | 15 min to 6 Hr. |
| Surface Temperature |  |  |  |  | H |  |  |
| Solar Radiation | H |  |  |  | H | H | 5 min to 1 Hr. |
| Maximum Temperature |  | D | D | D | D |  | D |
| Minimum Temperature |  | D | D | D | D |  | D |
| Snow Depth |  |  | D | H |  | H |  |
| Dewpoint |  | H |  |  | D |  | 5min to 1 Hr. |
| Visibility |  | H |  |  |  |  |  |
| Sky Condition |  | H |  |  |  |  |  |
| Wind Chill |  | H |  |  | D |  |  |

**NETWORKS**

## An Integrated Surface Observing System for the U.S.A. (ISOS)

**An Integrated Surface Observing System for the U.S.A. (ISOS)**