BEE-spoke-data/govdocs1-by-extension huggingface dataset:
# Presentation: 910400

## The quizzes have been postponed!

- New dates for Quiz #2 and Quiz #3 are now set respectively at the 12th of November, and the 5th of December.
- There will be some homework assignments starting from next class.

## Climate modeling: Successes and Challenges

- A little history about climate modeling
- Some basic concepts in the numerical modeling of climate
- Successes
- Challenges
- The future of climate modeling

## A little  history about  climate modeling

- Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius

- (Year:1896)

## A little history about climate modeling

- Manabe’s 3D GCM

- Syukuro Manabe

- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)

## Some basic concepts

- The Newton’s law applied to the atmosphere and ocean; the conservation of mass, heat, water, etc....
- Represent the atmosphere, the ocean, and other components in the climate system by a set of boxes--the concept of grid and the issue of spatial resolution
- The time step for integration
- Numerical instability--constraints on the time step from the spatial resolution
- Parameterization of sub-grid scale phenomena

## Successes and challenges

- Simulation of the surface air temperature

## Successes and challenges

- Simulation of the precipitation

## Successes and challenges

- Simulation of the ocean temperature

## Successes and challenges

- Simulation of the sea-ice

## Successes and challenges

- Simulation of the snow extent

## Successes and challenges

- Variability--power spectrum

## Successes and challenges

- Vertical structure of temperature

## Successes and challenges

- Simulation of El Nino warming

## Successes and challenges

- Forecast of the 1997-98 El Nino

## The future of climate modeling

- High spatial and temporal resolution
- A better parameterization of sub-scale processes
- Better observations--improved spatial and temporal coverage of the observational network
- Improved understanding of the interactions/feedback loops among the components of the climate system
- A better understanding of the model world-model diagnostics

## Model Diagnostics: Evaluating Key Climate Feedbacks

## Model Diagnostics: Evaluating Key Climate Feedbacks

- Water vapor feedback
- Cloud feedbacks
- Atmospheric circulation feedbacks
- Ocean feedbacks
- Land surface feedbacks
- Biosphere feedbacks
- Societal feedbacks

## Model Diagnostics: Evaluating cloud feedbacks

## Model Diagnostics: Evaluating Cloud Feedbacks
# Presentation: 783293

## Section 3

_***Section 3***_
***Thermal Vacuum Testing Overview***

*** ******. . . Nicholas Speciale***
*EO-1 Mission Technologist*

## T/V II Test Overview 

***T/V II Test Overview ***

***Test includes 2 and 1/2 cycles (see profile) with full CPT’s at last hot and cold cycles***
***Full T/V II Script and required procedures  developed and approved by  test conductors, system, instrument  and lead subsystem engineers.  Swales document SAI-PROC-867.  In formulating script:***
***Subsystem engineers encouraged to include tests which further mitigate risks , respond to Red Team action items or close outstanding problem reports requiring operation at thermal extremes***
***Script developed and refined weekly since April 2 with full participation of entire EO-1 team***
***Final peer review held on Thursday 6/8 to finalize script and test profile***
***Code 300, Quality assurance approved original baseline test profile in early April***
***Script optimized to keep WARP powered on as long as possible without significant changes to procedures***

## T/V II Test Overview 

***T/V II Test Overview ***

***Test does not include thermal balance, previous T/V/TB performed in October 1999 validated thermal design***
***Full flight configuration (except for Solar Array) including full blankets***
***Tests included to re-verify nadir deck heater functionality***
***Also includes test to verify S/C operations from hot to cold transition (not tested in previous T/V)***
***Instrument turn-on simulations and AC/Hyperion Cross Calibration tests are secondary objectives (may be deferred to after T/V if they run into any major problem or if we need to troubleshoot a problem***
***Total test time from functional test to opening of chamber estimated at 16 days (current schedule June 17- July 3rd)  ***

## T/V II Test Profile

***T/V II Test Profile***

## Example of T/V II Test Script

## Summary 

***Summary ***

***Test profile and script meets or exceeds Red Team recommendations and Quality Assurance requirements for re-verification of EO-1 Observatory***
***Process of developing profile and script responsive to EO-1 subsystem leads and designed to significantly reduce any residual risk associated with EO-1 flight operations***
***Successful completion of primary test objectives will demonstrate the readiness of EO-1 for launch***
# Presentation: 437400

## Model of Stick-Slip Motion of Whillans Ice Stream, Antarctica

- Robert Bindschadler (NASA)
- Matt King (Univ. Newcastle)
- Richard Alley (Penn State)
- Sridhar Anandakrishnan (Penn State)
- Laurie Padman (ESR)
- (recent paper in *Science*, reprints available)

## 1999Study AreaIce plain of Whillans Ice Stream

-  lightly grounded
-  low driving stresses
-  300-600 m/a
-  decelerating

## 1 meter

- position every
- 5 minutes

- color change every hour

- flow

## Frictionless Bed

- LOG
- SCALE

## Slide 5

## Slide 6

## Acceleration/Deceleration

- 15 min.

- 15 min.

- Event initiation and cessation occur very rapidly

## Simple Model

**Ice plain**

**Till**

## Simple Model

**Ice plain**

**Till**

## Numerical Model

- V

- L

- H

- b

## Numerical Model

- E = 1010 Pa
- V = 500 m/a
- H = 750 m
- L = 100 km
- *yield* = 4 kPa

## Base Stress Evolution

- High tide

## Base Stress Evolution

- High tide

## Model Testing

- Julian Day (1999)

- Tidal Amplitude (m)

- at J10

## Model Testing

- Julian Day (1999)

- Tidal Amplitude (m)

- observed

- _not_ periodic

- periodic

## Model Testing

- Julian Day (1999)

- Tidal Amplitude (m)

- predicted

- observed

## Conclusions

- Speed during slip events consistent with frictionless bed
- Post-slip elastic recovery observed
- Acceleration/deceleration VERY fast
- Simple tide-resistive model with plastic till matches timing of observed slip events
- _Ice streams can change speed suddenly and by large amounts_

## Thank you for your attention!

## Ross Ice Streams

- Velocity (m/yr.)

- A

- C

- D

- E

- Whillans

- Ross Ice
- Shelf

- ice
- plain

**200 km**

**800**

**0**

- (from Joughin et al., 2002)

- Velocity Trends

## Events occur are near-synchronous across the ice plain

## Strongest 

- Strongest
- tides

## Slide 23

## Slide 24
# Presentation: 113866

## Ocean Vector Winds, the Alaska Region Perspective

- Aimee Fish, NWS Alaska Region
- Satellite Surface Vector Winds Requirements Workshop
- June 5, 2006

## Operational Perspective

- Enhances Observation Network
- Warning Decision Process
- Model initialization/analysis
- Verification
- Training
- Sea Ice

## Coastal Observation Network

- One buoy/CMAN per 43,000 miles2

## Real WFO-Shift Scenario

- 4 AM Forecast – NW 20 KT
- 9 AM Ship OB – NW 30G50 KT
- Observations – none representative of vessel's location
- Forecaster checked SAR – no passes
- Forecaster checked QuickScat ...

## Saturday, May 13, 2006

## Saturday, May 13, 2006

## Real WFO-Shift Scenario

- Primary forecast wind speed verified, with higher wind indicated near Wide Bay
- 9:20 AM update – 20 KT gusts to 45 KT

## OFF and CWF Pros and Cons 

- Pros:
- Great coverage in Alaska (northern latitudes)
- Cons:
- Higher wind speeds missed
- Resolution
- Complex coastline
- Number of passes

## Sea Ice Pros and Cons 

- Pros:
- Useful to determine the general extent of ice coverage during prolonged cloud cover
- Cons:
- 25 km resolution does not meet regional customer needs

## Studies and Training

- Extra-tropical cyclone evolution
- Barrier Jets
- Double bent-back occlusions
- SAR validation
- Future Studies (?)
- Polar Lows
# Presentation: 272488

## IDENTIFYING & RESOLVING TELEWORK ISSUES

- The Department of Energy’s EXPERIENCE.....

## 1.   Other Desirable Telework Goals 

-    cost savings
- office space
- computer upgrades
- transportation subsidies
-    energy savings
- gasoline /utilities
-    promoting the President’s agenda
- e-government

## 2.   “ Results” Beyond Deliverables

-   are the customers satisfied?
- is the supervisor well informed?
- are the colleagues overburdened?
-   are the teleworkers satisfied?
- do they feel pressure to “over-achieve”?
- are support services too hard to access?
- are documentation requirement excessive?

## 3.   Who is the “right” teleworking employee?

-   the “high performer”?
-   the “self starter”?
-   the right “relater”?

## 4.  What is the “right” position?

-   automatic inclusion of all positions - case by case exceptions
-   former factors that are no longer as      significant:
- 		interaction needs
- 		security
- 		supervisory responsibilities

## 5.  Managing Performance - Planning

- Standards:
- 		- product oriented
- 		- action plans with time tables a must
- 		- make tasks “do-able at a distance”
-  Time frames:
- 		- don’t  think in a line--think in  time 			blocks

## 6.  Managing Performance - Monitoring 

- Interacting:
- 		- understand distinctions between 			distance v. on-site interacting
- Reporting:
- 		- compare distance v. on-site 				requirements

## 7.  The Dreaded Poor Performer

- separate conduct from performance
- look for performance patterns (this is where planning comes in handy!)
- determine degree of supervisory review required for correction

## 8.  Handy Reminders

- telework IS another way of doing business
- teleworking is NOT a privilege OR a right
- teleworking CAN be flexible -- routine, situational, medical
- telework cost savings CAN be measured
# Presentation: 267467

## Treasury Debt Management

- Timothy Bitsberger Deputy Assistant Secretary U.S. Treasury Department

**Treasury Debt Management**

## Treasury Issuance of Inflation-Indexed Securities

- Potential to reduce borrowing cost over time
- Treasury spreads inflation risk
- Broadens investor base
- Diversifies funding risks
- Liquidity of nominal Treasuries is not an appropriate comparator
- Market still evolving

**Treasury Issuance of ****Inflation-Indexed Securities**

## TIIS Characteristics

- Deflation-protected principal at maturity
- Principal adjusted for inflation daily, but paid at maturity
- Inflation accretion is referenced to the CPI-U NSA, set with a 3-month lag
- First issue January 1997; 10 issues ranging from 2007 to 2032
- $140 billion market capitalization; total Treasury market capitalization $3.1 trillion
- Three 10-year TIIS auctions this year, increased issuance
- Average daily trading volume over $2 billion

**TIIS Characteristics**

## The Treasury is Committed to TIIS

- Expanded auction schedule for the 10-year TIIS from two to three a year. Committed to further expansion.
- Increased issuance size of TIIS.  Annualized 10-year TIIS issuance is up 100% year over year.
- Daily trading volume is up almost 100% in the past year.

**The Treasury is Committed to TIIS**

## Liquidity in TIISDealer Transactions in TIIS, 3-month Moving Average of Daily Volume 

- Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York

## 10-year TIIS Issuance Represents More Than a Quarter of Treasury’s Total 10-year Note Issuance

## Outstanding Treasury Inflation-Indexed Securities

- Source: US Treasury

## SIZE OF GLOBAL INFLATION-INDEXED BOND MARKET VS. OTHER ASSET CLASSES

- Source: Bridgewater

## Slide 9

## Return Profiles1997 - 2002

- Source: Barclays Capital

## TIIS Benefit Investors

- Closest thing to a risk free asset for long-term investors, who ultimately should care only about the future real purchasing power of their savings
- Highest credit quality
- Low volatility and attractive returns improve portfolio efficiency
- Better match to inflation than real estate, commodities, or other real assets
- Attractive expected returns relative to nominal bonds currently

## Structure

-  Principal value is adjusted for inflation by multiplying the value at issuance by an index ratio which changes daily. Inflation adjustment is paid at maturity.
- Coupon payments are a fixed percentage, determined at auction, of the inflation- adjusted value of the principal on the semiannual interest payment dates.
- The index ratio for a particular valuation date is the index number for that date divided by the index number for the issue date.
- Index Ratio Date = 	_Index number for value date_                                                 			Index number for dated date

## The Inflation-Indexed Security Market is Big

- Almost $150 billion TIIS outstanding
- Worldwide about $350 billion inflation-indexed securities outstanding
- In comparison to...
- Emerging market debt < $200 billion
- High grade European Corp. Debt Market ~ $400 billion
- Global High Yield < $400 billion
# Presentation: 791374

## Cyber vs. Brick & Mortar Sales

- *SOURCE:  2003 NCPA-Pfizer Digest New York, New York - June 26, 2003

- Average Independent ‘Brick & Mortar’ Pharmacy*

**‘****Cyber’ Pharmacy**

- Prescriptions Filled Per Day

**Noncontrolled R****X****s**
**(89%)**

**Noncontrolled R****X****s (5%)**

**Controlled Substance R****X****s**
**(95%)**

**Controlled Substance R****X****s (11%)**

- NOVEMBER 2006

##   Comparison of CY2006 Purchases of  Hydrocodone by Pharmacies

**DOSAGE UNITS**

**  ****Comparison of CY2006 Purchases of **** Hydrocodone by Pharmacies**

***Based on 34 Suspected Rogue Pharmacies (Operating via the Internet)**
**(as of 3/7/2007)**

- Date Prepared:   03/07/2007
- Source:  ARCOS

- 2.9 million

- 88,000

- NOVEMBER 2006

## Product supplied is generic.

- Product supplied is ***generic***.

| Rogue Internet Pharmacy | Lortab® 7.5/500 | 60 Tablets 7.5/500 mg | $293.00 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

| Legitimate Online Pharmacy | Lortab® 7.5/500 | 50 Tablets 7.5/500 mg | $50.59 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

- Product supplied is ***brand name***.

- NOVEMBER 2006
# Presentation: 498325

##  Neutron Reflectometry Advanced Topic:

**      ****Phase Determination & Inversion**
-                        NCNR Summer School
-                                      June 29, 2006
*                                     **C.F.Majkrzak*
*                        **Center for Neutron Research*
*          **National Institute of Standards and Technology*
*                                 **Gaithersburg, MD*

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# Presentation: 274557

## ACE and SPIDR: Connecting the Solar Wind to the Earth’s Magnetosphere

- Oscar Puente, NASA Apprentice
- Paul Marchese, Ph.D
- Queensborough Community College

## Previous Research

- Studied the Solar Wind using the Advanced Composition Explorer satellite
- Main purpose: to become familiar with data analysis and the solar wind

## Current Work

- Using the Space Physics Interactive Data Resource (SPIDR) database to download data reading of the earth’s magnetic field
- Finding correlating patterns in the ACE data and the SPIDR data
- Making very cool graphs that show said patterns

## Data

- Insert Graph here

## Data

- Insert another cool graph

## What Does It All Mean?

- clear link between outflow of solar wind radiation and changes in the earth’s magnetic field
- If we can understand this correlation and learn to predict it, communications can be improved
- Further data filtering and analysis will serve this function