# Presentation: 603202

## Zelimir Djurcic
Physics Department
Columbia University

***Physics Department***
***Columbia University***

***MiniBooNE, NO************A, MINER************A***

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## Fermilab Neutrino Program

-      Detectors
- MINOS – running
- NOvA – CD1 recommended approval
- MINERvA – PAC and internal lab
-      review approvals
- MiniBooNE - running
- SciBooNE -  PAC approval
- Advanced Initiatives – R&D

- Accelerator generated neutrino
- beamlines:
- NuMI
**120 GeV protons**
**Nominal Intensity 2.4x10****13**** ppp  with ~2 sec cycle time. **
- Booster neutrino beam
- 8 GeV horn-focused beam
- Peak intensity of 8.5 x 1016 POT /hour

**P. Adamson’s talk**

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## MiniBooNE

***(******Boo******ster****** N******eutrino****** E******xperiment)***

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## Before MiniBooNE: The LSND Experiment

- LSND took data from 1993-98  - 49,000 Coulombs of protons  - L = 30m and 20 < E< 53 MeV

**Saw an excess of********e**** :****87.9 ****± 22.4 ± 6.0 events.**
**With an oscillation probability of ****(0.264 ± 0.067 ± 0.045)%.**
**3.8 ******** significance for excess.**

***Oscillations?***

**Before MiniBooNE: The LSND Experiment**

- Signal:    p  e+ n
- 			 n p  d (2.2MeV)

**Need definitive study of ****************e**** at high ********m****2**** ...  MiniBooNE **

## Search for e appearance in  beam

**magnetic horn: ****meson focusing**

**decay region: **
****** ******** ************ ****,  K ******** **********

**absorber: ****stops undecayed mesons**

**“****little muon **
**      ****counters:” **
**         ****measure K flux **
**         ****in-situ**

********** →********e****?**

- 50 m decay pipe

- magnetic focusing horn

- FNAL 8 GeV Beamline

**Search for ********e**** appearance in ************ beam**

**************e ****???**

- Use protons from the 8 GeV booster  Neutrino Beam      <E>~ 1 GeV

**MiniBooNE Detector:**
**12m diameter sphere**
**950000 liters of oil ****(CH****2****)**
**1280 inner PMTs**
**240 veto PMTs**

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## Energy Calibration

** ****Michel electrons  from ******** decay**:
- provide E calibration at low energy **(52.8 MeV),**
- good monitor of light transmission, electron PID

******0**** mass peak**: energy scale & resolution
- at medium energy **(135 MeV),** reconstruction

- We have calibration sources spanning wide range of energies and all event types !

- 12%
- E res
-  at
- 52.8 MeV

**Energy Calibration**

**      ****cosmic ray ******** + tracker + cubes**:
-     energy scale & resolution at high energy
**(100-800 MeV),** cross-checks track reconstruction

- provides  tracks of
-  known length → E

## Particle Identification

******0**** ****→**** ******

**Michel e****-**
**candidate**

**beam ******
**candidate**

**beam ********0**
**candidate**

- Čerenkov rings provide primary means of identifying
-       products of  interactions in the detector

********** ****n ******** ********-**** p**

******e**** ****n ******** e****-**** ****p**

********** ****p ******** ************ p**** ********0**

**n          n**

- ring profile → can distinguish particles
- which shower from those which don’t

**Particle Identification**

## Signal Separation from Background

**Two complementary approaches **
**for Reducible background**

**“****Simple” cuts+Likelihood****: easy to understand**

**Boosted decision trees****: maximize sensitivity**

**Reducible**
**NC ********0 ****(1 or 2 e-like rings)**
******N******** decay (1 e-like ring)**
**Single ring ******** events**

**Irreducible**
**Intrinsic ********e**** events in **
**beam from K/******** decay**

- 0→

- Signal

- N

**Search for O(****10****2****) ********e**** oscillation events in O(****10****5****) ************ unoscillated events **

**Backgrounds**

**Details in Poster Session**

## Oscillation e
Example oscillation
signal
 m2 = 1 eV2
sin22 = 0.004
Fit for excess as 
function of 
reconstructed e 
energy

- Oscillation e
- Example oscillation
- signal
-  m2 = 1 eV2
- sin22 = 0.004
- Fit for excess as
- function of
- reconstructed e
- energy

- Full data sample ~5.3 x 1020 POT

**Appearance Signal and Backgrounds**

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## MisID 
of these...... 
~83% 0
Only ~1% of 0s are misIDed
Determined by clean 0 measurement
~7%   decay 
Use clean 0 measurement to estimate  production
~10% other
Use  CCQE rate to normalize and MC for shape

- MisID 
- of these......
- ~83% 0
- Only ~1% of 0s are misIDed
- Determined by clean 0 measurement
- ~7%   decay
- Use clean 0 measurement to estimate  production
- ~10% other
- Use  CCQE rate to normalize and MC for shape

**Appearance Signal and Backgrounds**

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## e from +

Measured with  CCQE sample
Same parent + kinematics
Most important background
Very highly constrained (a few percent)

- e from +
- Measured with  CCQE sample
- Same parent + kinematics
- Most important background
- Very highly constrained (a few percent)

**Appearance Signal and Backgrounds**

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## e from K+
Use High energy e and  to normalize
Use kaon production data for shape
Need to subtract off misIDs

- e from K+
- Use High energy e and  to normalize
- Use kaon production data for shape
- Need to subtract off misIDs

**Appearance Signal and Backgrounds**

**For more details on neutrino production see D. Schmitz’s talk tomorrow!**

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## High energy e 
data
Events below ~2.0 GeV still in closed box (blind analysis)

- High energy e
- data
- Events below ~2.0 GeV still in closed box (blind analysis)

**Appearance Signal and Backgrounds**

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## Important Cross-check... 

- ... comes from NuMI events detected in MiniBooNE detector!

- MiniBooNE

**D**e**cay Pipe**

**Beam Absorber**

- We get e ,  , 0 , +/- ,   ,etc. events
- from NuMI in MiniBooNE detector, all
- mixed together           **Use them to check**
**our ********e**** reconstruction and PID separation!**

- Remember that MiniBooNE
- conducts a blind data
- analysis! We do not look in
- MiniBooNE data region
-  where the osc. e are
- expected...

**NuMI events serve**
**as gold mine to **
**verify our analysis!**

- Electron Separation Variable

- e enhanced by K decay

- Fermilab Users Meeting

## MiniBooNE Oscillation Sensitivity

- LSND best fit sin22 = 0.003 m2 = 1.2 ev2

**MiniBooNE Oscillation Sensitivity**

- 

- MiniBooNE aims to cover LSND
- region.
- Almost there, with ongoing
- work on:
- -accurate prediction of rate
- -improved detector modeling
- -analysis of misID-ed 0
-  measurement in place

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## MiniBooNE CC+ Cross-Section

- prediction (QE with MA=1.03 GeV, BBA non-dipole vector form factors)

- ~25% lower than
- prediction,
- but within errors

**MiniBooNE CC******+** Cross-Section**

**Efficiency **
**corrected **
**CC ********+****/QE ******
**Ratio**
**measuremet **
**on CH****2**

- _current systematics estimate:_
-    - light propagation in oil: ~20%
-    -  cross sections: ~15%
-    - energy scale: ~10%
-    - statistics: ~5%

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## Total accumulated dataset 7.2 x 1020 POT, 

- world’s largest dataset in this energy range
- (Thanks to Fermilab Accelerator Division).
- Jan 2006: Started running with antineutrinos.
- Detected NuMI neutrinos – using in analysis.
- More cross-section measurements coming soon.
- Oscillation Analysis progress: on track for a
- result as soon as this summer.

**Recent MiniBooNE Accomplishments**

## SciBooNE

***SciBooNE***

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## SciBooNE

- Combine well developed detector with well understood running beam
- Goal - Precise knowledge of s necessary for T2K and other experiments
- Non quasi-elastic  interactions
- Excellent tracking for multiparticle final states
- Status
**PAC approval in Dec. 2005**
**Detector should arrive at Fermilab in June.**

**SciBooNE**

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

##       The NOvA Experiment

***     ******(******N******uMI ******O******ff-Axis ******v******e****** ******A******ppearance)***

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## ...exploits NuMI beam in a new way

- Off-axis neutrino beams provide narrow-band kinematics
- Reduces backgrounds
- mis-id NC
- e’s from K decay (wrong kinematics)
- Increases flux at oscillation maximum.
- This provides a good setting for e appearance experiments

- Oscillation probability (m2=0.0025 eV2 )

*Selected Site for NOvA detector, **810 km from Fermilab, ~12 km off-axis*

**NO********A...**

- Fermilab Users Meeting

## NOA Physics Objectives

**Solar**

- Measure 13, the unknown mixing angle in   e
- Improve knowledge of sin2223 and m232
- Study the mass hierarchy in atmospheric oscillations
- 	Requires _matter effects_ and therefore a _long-baseline_ experiment.
- Begin the study of CP violation effects in the neutrino sector.

**NO********A Physics Objectives**

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## Observation of sin2213>0

*Mixed neutrino and anti-neutrino running*

- Values of sin2213 for which NOvA can make 3 observation of e appearance are to the right of the lines for each mass ordering and CP phase .

**Observation of sin****2****2********13****>0**

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## NOvA coverage range for mass ordering

*NOvA coverage range for mass ordering*

- Upgraded Fermilab complex could produce more beam, on order 1 MW

*NOvA and T2K Phase I*

- Fraction of CP phase  space covered

*Later Phases*

**NOvA coverage range for mass ordering**

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

##  vs. sin2(213) Contours

****** ****vs. sin****2****(2********13****) Contours**

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## 20,088 Titanium dioxide loaded PVC extrusions (7 kton)

- 20,088* *Titanium dioxide loaded PVC extrusions (7 kton)
- ~640,000 cells
- 3.9 cm wide, 6-cm deep
- Active material liquid scintillator (18 kton).
- Looped wavelength-shifting fiber in each cell.
- 32 pixel Avalanche photodiode readout
- ~1700  CC events per 7e20 POT (m2 = 2.5  10-3 eV2)
- Electron ID efficiency 24%
- For sin2213 ~ 0.1 would see ~125 e interactions in 5 years

- Large, “totally active” structure, fine segmentation

**NO********A Detector**

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## MINERA

***(******M******ain ******IN******jector ******E******xpe******R******iment ****************

- *Minerva, pictured above, was the Roman goddess of wisdom and technical skill.

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

- ...is a compact, fully active neutrino detector designed to study neutrino-nucleus interactions with unprecedented detail
- The detector will be placed in the NuMI beam line upstream of the MINOS Near Detector
- MINERvA is unique in worldwide program
- The NuMI intensity provides
- Opportunity for precision neutrino interaction measurements
- Wide range of neutrino energies
- Detector with several different nuclear targets allows 1st study of neutrino nuclear effects
- Crucial input to current and future oscillation measurements

**MINER********A**

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

**Notes:**
Cartoon of the detector: walk through from inside

## MINERvA proposes to build a low-risk detector with simple, well-understood technology
Active core is segmented solid scintillator
Tracking (including low momentum recoil protons)
Particle identification
3 ns (RMS) per hit timing 
   (track direction, identify 
    stopped K±)
Core surrounded by electro-
    magnetic and hadronic 
    calorimeters
Photon (0) & hadron energy 
    measurement
MINOS Near Detector as 
    muon catcher

- Active core is segmented solid scintillator
- Tracking (including low momentum recoil protons)
- Particle identification
- 3 ns (RMS) per hit timing
-    (track direction, identify
-     stopped *K*±)
- Core surrounded by electro-
-     magnetic and hadronic
-     calorimeters
- Photon (0) & hadron energy
-     measurement
- MINOS Near Detector as
-     muon catcher

**Basic Detector**

*Nuclear Targets*

*Active Scintillator *

- EM, hadronic calorimetry

- 

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

**Notes:**
Cartoon of the detector: walk through from inside

## Reminder: proton tracks from QE events are typically short.  Want sensitivity to pp~ 300 - 500 MeV
“Thickness” of track proportional to dE/dx in figure above 
proton and muon tracks are clearly resolved
precise determination of vertex and measurement 
     of Q2 from tracking

- “Thickness” of track proportional to dE/dx in figure above
- proton and muon tracks are clearly resolved
- precise determination of vertex and measurement
-      of Q2 from tracking

- 

- p

- 

**Illustration**

- n–p

- 

- 

- 

- p0p

- two photons clearly resolved (tracked).can find vertex.
- some photons shower in ID,some in side ECAL (Pb absorber) region

- Fermilab Users Meeting

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**Notes:**
challenge: wide angle, low momentum proton.  plenty of hits!

## Cross-section Measurements

- The current status of
- neutrino **quasi-elastic**
**scattering** measurements
- compared to three current
- Monte Carlo predictions
- The expected MINERnA
- measurement accuracy of
**quasi-elastic scattering**

**Cross-section Measurements**

- (1.6E20 Protons on NuMI Target)

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## Coherent Pion Production

- MINERA
- 4-year run

**Expected MiniBooNE/SciBooNE**
**and K2K measurements in this range**

- Rein-Seghal model

- Paschos- Kartavtsev model

**MINER********A’s nuclear targets allow**
**the first measurement of the**
**A-dependence of ********coh**
**across a wide A range**

- A-range of
- current measurements

- A

- Data points: MINERA

**Coherent Pion Production**

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## Next Steps

***Next Steps***

- Fermilab Users Meeting

- 5/31/2006

## 2009:  complete construction, installation 

- -Complete e appearance analysis as highest priority, during this summer.
- -Cross-section measurements in neutrino and antineutrino modes.
-        -Possibility to build additional detectors closer or farther away  (BooNE)
- SciBooNE
- Construction of the enclosure should begin this summer.
- Data taking might start as early as November 2006.
- NOvA
- Prepare for CD-2 baseline review in the fall
- Prepare for beginning of construction in FY08
- MINERvA
- 2006-2007:  R&D and Prototyping
- Vertical Slice (“mini-plane”) tests complete
- Single Module prototype completed in 2006
- 20 Module Prototype constructed in 2007
- late 2007-2008:  construction begins
- 2009:  complete construction, installation** **

**Next Steps**