# Presentation: 239656

## The Challenge of High Luminosity and Shrinking ResourcesYoung-Kee Kim and Rob RoserFor the CDF Collaboration

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Detector Operations

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Data Taking Efficiencies

- Initial Luminosity (1030 cm-2s-1)       Data Taking Efficiency(%)

- Detector/trigger/DAQ downtime ~5%
- Beam Conditions, Start/end stores ~5%
- Trigger deadtime ~5%: our choice

- ~85% of Run IIb Upgrade Projects were
- commissioned with beam during this period.

**Record 1.8 x 10****32**

**83.5%**

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

**Notes:**
Data taking efficiency is a good measure of how well the CDF experiment is operating.
Our goal is to operate consistently at high efficiency.
~5% deadtime in triggers over the duration of a store is an explicit choice we made.
In FY05, some of inefficiency is due to Run IIb trigger and DAQ commissioning.
About 85% of upgrade projects are operational now.

## Data for Physics

**Data up to Aug. 2004**
-         Recorded: 530 pb-1
-         Physics: 320 - 470 pb-1

**Data up to now**
-         Recorded: 1,154 pb-1
-         Physics: 800 ~ 1060 pb-1

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Tracking Systems: COT and Silicon

- COT Aging - Fully Recovered
- Aging due to hydrocarbons
- 	coating sense wires
- Fixed by adding Oxygen
- Fully recovered May 2004
- 99.7% working!
- Silicon detector lifetime is a complex issue involving
- Component failures
- ~93% powered; ~84% working + 4% recoverable in offline
- Secondary vertex trigger requires 4 layers: 21 out of 24 wedges
- Beam incidents
- lost ~2% of chips: conditions improved, but still concern
- Long-term radiation damage

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

**Notes:**
COT aging was due to a coating on the sense wires.
Analysis of coating shows that it is mostly carbon and hydrogen with some oxygen.
Aging enhanced on exhaust side of COT.
Assumption is that polymers are formed in the gas (CH2) and plate out on the sense wires when the strings get long enough.
Aging was worse in areas with high radiation (inner superlayers).
We built a gas recirculation system which enabled us to flow gas at 10 x the original system (limit the polymer build-up)

## Silicon Detectors

- Radiation damage
- > 90% of total radiation is due to collisions: NIM A514, 188-193 (2003)
- Bias voltage scans as luminosity accumulates
- Study collected charge (hits on tracks) and mean noise
- Measurements agree with predictions up to 1 fb-1.
- Efforts to increase the Silicon lifetime
- Lowered Silicon operating temp. gradually from -6oC to -10oC.
- Thermally isolated SVX from COT inert regions such that the silicon can be kept cold during COT work.

**Lifetime    0           10 fb****-1          ****20 fb****-1****      30 fb****-1****       40 fb****-1**

**8 fb****-1**

**Predicted Silicon Lifetime**

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

**Notes:**
Depletion (bias) voltage evolves under irradiation.

## Detector Upgrades

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## CDF Detectors

- Performing very well.
- Even Run IIb Detectors! - Operational since early 2005

- Run IIb Upgrades: Complete
- Central Preshower Detector
- Replacing with a finer segmentation system
- Electron tagger, / separation
- Installed fall 2004
- Electromagnetic Timing
- New system for rejecting beam-halo and cosmic ray
- Searches with  (e.g. GMSB SUSY, long-lived particles)
- Installed fall 2004

**For the future, tracking systems are our main concerns.**

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Instantaneous Luminosity: 2 x 1032 cm-2s-1 (IIa)  3 x 1032 cm-2s-1 (IIb)
Ave # of interactions = 10, more hits / event

Level-1: Tracking Triggers
low pT tracks + hits from extra interactions mimic high pT tracks
Lower purity  higher Level-1 trigger rate
Upgrade: 2D to 3D tracking  high purity and lower rate

Level-2: Decision System and Secondary Vertex Trigger
Upgrade: Lower processing time  higher bandwidth, more flexible

DAQ, Level-3 computing, Data Logging:
Upgrade: higher bandwidth + event size increase

- Ave # of interactions = 10, more hits / event
- Level-1: Tracking Triggers
- low pT tracks + hits from extra interactions mimic high pT tracks
- Lower purity  higher Level-1 trigger rate
- Upgrade: 2D to 3D tracking  high purity and lower rate
- Level-2: Decision System and Secondary Vertex Trigger
- Upgrade: Lower processing time  higher bandwidth, more flexible
- DAQ, Level-3 computing, Data Logging:
- Upgrade: higher bandwidth + event size increase

- Run IIb Trigger / DAQ Upgrades

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## DAQ / Trigger Specifications

|  | Run IIa Specification | Run IIa Achieved (typical) | Run IIb Specification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Luminosity | 0.9 x 1032 | 1.5 x 1032 | 3.0 x 1032 |
| Level-1 Accept | 45 kHz | 25 kHz * | 30 kHz |
| Level-2 Accept | 300 Hz | 350 Hz | 1000 Hz |
|      Event Builder | 75 MB/s | 75 MB/s | 500 MB/s |
| Level-3 Accept | 75 Hz | 80 Hz | 100 Hz |
|      Data Logging | 20 MB/s | 20 MB/s | 60 MB/s |
| Deadtime Trigger | 5% | 5% | 5% + 5% ** |

- Run IIa Level-1 Accept not achieved due to
- higher than specified Silicon Readout and Level-2 Trigger execution times.
- ** Assume ~5% from readout and ~5% from L2 processing

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Run IIb Project Status

- Trigger and DAQ Upgrades
- Level-1 Track Trigger (XFT):
- Add *z* (stereo) info for 3D tracking
- Installation complete, now in commissioning
- COT TDC modification to achieve L2 rate of 1000 Hz (readout time)
- 19 out of 20 crates are operational, (20th to be done next week)
- Level 2 decision system: faster,flexible - operational since April 2005
- Level 2 Silicon Vertex Trigger (SVT)
- Faster - 3 step upgrade: the first 2 steps are operational.
- Event Builder: operational since August 2005
- Level-3 Computing Farm
- All Hardware here, now being assembled and commissioned
- Data Logging (20 MB/s  60 MB/s)
- 1st step operational (~40MB/s), complete by early 2006

- Installation & commissioning parasitically with minimal impact on operations.

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Run IIb Upgrade Status

- Very successful so far:
- 90% complete
- Will finish by early 2006
- Upgrade success due to:
- Highly successful Run IIa detector/trigger design & operation
- Carefully targeted to specific high luminosity needs
- This allowed for incremental and parasitic implementation and commissioning with minimal impact on operations.
- Some cases (e.g. COT TDC), instead of building new detectors, we gradually improved the systems.

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Offline Status

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Offline Analysis Goals

- Goals
- Enable physicists to complete their physics analysis this spring utilizing 1 fb-1 of data
- Our “1 fb-1 challenge”
- Be prepared for the 2 fb-1 challenge in 2007
- Continue to improve tools and infrastructure to reduce overhead required to perform physics analysis

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Data Reconstruction

- Recently achieved 6 week turn-around time between data taking and availability of physics-quality data with final calibrations.
- This reduced resource needs (person and computing).
- Reconstruction code has achieved a high level of physics performance and operational stability.
- Incorporated Run II detector upgrades
- No major changes anticipated
- Plan to process all the data until the end of Run II at Fermilab.

**Ave. inv. mass at Z peak [GeV]**

**Run Number (up to July 20, 2005)**

**CDF Run2 Prelim.**
**L=790 pb****-1**

- yellow band: ±0.5% E scale

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Monte Carlo Simulation and Production 

- Detector simulation reaching maturity - matching data
- Incorporated detector configuration changes with time (run number)
- Incorporated multiple interactions for data instantaneous luminosity
- Increasing access to global computing resources (GRID philosophy) to match physics needs.
- Running on worldwide computing clusters - shared with LHC
- ~100% of MC samples are generated outside of US.
- Planning data analysis centers at remote sites
- Physics analyses produced with remotely located datasets
- Italian inst.s, Karlsruhe: J/ lifetime, B tagging, Single top
- Worldwide computing resources transparent to physicists.
- Aim to support more computing with fewer FTEs

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Preparations for the FutureTrigger 

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Preparation for Future

- Average Peak Luminosity Projections (design)

- We are here.

- Shutdown Rescheduled:
- 14 weeks from Mar. 1, 2006
- No shutdown until 2007

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Physics Triggers for 3 x 1032 cm-2s-1

- Trigger Table in current operations is good to ~1.5 x 1032 cm-2s-1
- Kept improving as luminosity increases.  Significant efforts!
- Multiple interaction veto, dynamic prescales, fractional prescales, luminosity enabled triggers.
- We make the most out of lum delivered!
- Even with all triggers/DAQ upgrades, we can	not maintain an “all inclusive” trigger table for L > 1.5~2 x 1032 cm-2s-1
- We will be forced to sacrifice _some fraction_ of our physics program at high luminosity
- Need to establish priorities based on physics goals
- Run IIb physics priorities and triggers committee formed about a year ago
- Initially chaired by Spokespersons and now by Luciano Ristori
- Charged with establishing a “straw” trigger table for 3e32
- Goal is for the high pt program to occupy 50% of available bandwidth
- Develop high purity b triggers to fill in gap at high luminosity

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

**Notes:**
Even with all triggers/DAQ upgrades, we can not maintain 
physics program at high luminosityNeed to establish priorities based on physics goals.Run II Physics priorities and Triggers committee formed about a year agoinitially chaired by Spokespersons, now by Luciano

## Physics Triggers for 3 x 1032 cm-2s-1

**66%**

**34%**

**   ****L****peak**** = 3 x 10****32**
**   ****In 3.5 hours,**
**    ****L**** < 1.5 x 10****32**

- Duration of Store in hours

**Typical Store Lifetime**

- Inst. Lum in e32

**Use Inclusive Trigger Table**

**Use Straw Trigger Table**

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

**Notes:**
Even with all triggers/DAQ upgrades, we can not maintain 
physics program at high luminosityNeed to establish priorities based on physics goals.Run II Physics priorities and Triggers committee formed about a year agoinitially chaired by Spokespersons, now by Luciano

## Extrapolation to 3 x 1032cm-1s-1

- at 3 x 1032 cm-2s-1
-          ~3% of Level-2 bandwidth

- ~50% of Level-2 bandwidth.
- Reduce to ~10 % with XFT upgrade

-  Triggers are sensitive to multiple interactions.
-  Measure cross section vs # of primary interaction vertices.
-  Calculate cross sec vs lum. using Poisson distribution of # of primary vertices.
-  Good agreement with bunch-by-bunch data.

- Stereo confirmation
- of tracking triggers

- Level-2 high pT electron               Level-2 high pT muon

- (0.6 < || < 1.1)

- a highly non-linear behavior

- _trigger rate = cross section x __L_

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

**Notes:**
3E32 --> 1kHz L2 Bandwidth --> 3.3 microbarn
2E32 --> 1kHz L2 Bandwidth --> 5 microbarn
1E32 --> 1kHz L2 Bandwidth --> 10 microbarn

## Extrapolation to 3 x 1032cm-1s-1

- ~1/3 of Level-2 bandwidth at 3x1032 cm-2s-1: studying further improvements such as track trigger upgrade to improve purity
- Studied triggers for “full” high pT physics program:
- ~2/3 of bandwidth.  Aim for 50% of bandwidth

- Cross sections of high pT triggers (high pT e,,,jet,ET) with Level-1 upgrade
- Covers W, Z, Top, WH, ZH, HWW, SUSY (partial), LED, Z’

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Operating the Experiment through 2009

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## 2004 HEPAP Survey -- Summary Plot of Needs

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## “The Shot Heard Round the World”

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Do We Have a Problem?

- Established a joint CDF/D0/FNAL committee to understand our needs and available resources in July 2005
- Performed a bottoms up analysis of what it takes to operate the experiments and get the physics out
- Acknowledgement, that we can not operate CDF in 2008 in the identical fashion that we do now
- Divided the experiment down into 4 categories:
- Detector Operations, Offline Operations, Algorithms/Calibrations, Core Physics Analysis
- Core Physics -- Picked 10 physics analyses that are scientifically compelling measurements and demonstrate the potential of the collider program AND provide all tools necessary for the broader physics pgm.
- combination of precision meas. and searches/discovery potential
- SM and MSSM Higgs,  SUSY searches, Z’, LED, *B**s** * 
- Top mass, Vtb, W mass, Vtb, *B**s* mixing, *B**s* lifetime

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Summary of Needs in FTE’s

|  | 2007 | 2009 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Operations | 55 | 55 |
| Offline | 26 | 20 |
| Management | 10 | 10 |
| Algorithms | 35 | 26 |
| Total Service | 126 | 111 |

- FTE  fraction of _total_ working week.
- NOT: fraction of research time; NOT fraction of 40 hour week!

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Summary of Subgroups...(needs)

|  | 2007 | 2009 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Core Physics | 81 | 64 |
| Total Service | 126 | 111 |
| Core+Service | 207 | 175 |

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Results of Institutional Survey by Country

|  | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| U.S. | 242.8 | 221.2 | 176.6 | 110.2 | 82.8 |
| Spain  | 11.8 | 13.2 | 8.7 | 7.7 | 7.7 |
| Italy | 63.4 | 59.7 | 52.2 | 42.2 | 41.6 |
| Canada | 15.7 | 15.8 | 9.3 | 5.1 | 2.1 |
| Switz. | 6.6 | 4.1 | 3.1 | 2 | 2 |
| Germany | 15 | 10.6 | 7.9 | 4.8 | 2.6 |
| Russia | 0.6 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Korea | 12.9 | 9.9 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.5 |
| U.K. | 26.5 | 25.5 | 18.3 | 10.6 | 5.2 |
| Japan | 21.7 | 18.2 | 17 | 13.3 | 8.8 |

- _In FTE’s_

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Comparison of FTE availability and needs: 2007

**Sufficient effort to operate experiments and support a broad physics program**

- Assumes people spend 50% of time on “service” and 50% doing “physics”

| “Service” |   126 |
| --- | --- |
| “Core” physics |  86 |
| Total needs 1:
    (service*2) | 252 |
| Total needs 2: 
 (service+“core physics”)  | 207 |
| Available FTE | 304 |
| Available-needs 1: | 52 |
| Available-needs 2: | 97 |

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Gap Analysis for 2009

-        Calculated from 2007 MOU FTEs using HEPAP ratio for 2009/2007

|  |  Expt. |    CDF |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Available FTEs | non-US | 75 |
|  | US | 116 |
|  | all.expt | 191 |
| Needed FTEs | 1: service*2 | 222 |
|  | 2: service+core physics | 175 |
| Available -needed FTEs | 1: | -31 |
|  | 2: | 16 |

- If we used the survey,  Total available is 162 FTE

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Concluding Remarks/Strategies

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Concluding Remarks

- CDF experiment is operating well. Better than ever!
- Typical data taking efficiencies in the mid 80%’s with increasing inst. Luminosity and Run IIb commissioning
- All detectors are in excellent conditions
- Stable offline software
- Established fast calibrations, data processing scheme
- Good detector simulation
- MC production at remote sites
- Challenging ahead...
- x2 higher instantaneous luminosity
- x8 higher integrated luminosity
- Physicist Resources going down
- CDF Strategies in preparation for the future
- Planning ahead: we have been identifying those areas that need further development and are beginning to address them immediately. Goal is to complete the work by mid 2006.

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Concluding Remarks (cont.)

- To be done by early 2006
- Complete Run IIb upgrades (~90% currently operational)
- Expected to be done by the end of this year.
- Physics trigger table up to 3 x 1032 cm-2s-1 being prepared.
- Goal to run physics version of Straw Table in February
- Tuning simulation
- Need one more iteration for analyses with L > 1 fb-1
- Calibrations and algorithms that require large resources
- Reducing Jet energy scale uncertainty  (needs one more iteration)
- Implementing algorithms for better Jet energy resolution
- Improving forward tracking and B tagging
- Preparing reconstruction algorithms for high inst. Lum.
- Tracking and B tagging
- Work with Universities, Funding Agencies, and the Lab  to insure we continue to have the resources necessary to carry on this important physics program

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Backup

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Results of survey: 2005-2007

**- Fall off for both US and non-US roughly consistent with HEPAP survey**

|  |                CDF |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| non-US | 100% |  91% |  74% |
| US | 100% |  91% |  73% |
| all.expt | 100% |  91% |  73% |
| HEPAP | 100% |  88% |  69% |
| FTEs |  434 |   381 | 304 |

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Algorithm Development

|  |  | CDF |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ALGORITHMS | FY05 | FY07 | FY09 |  |  |  |
| Muon Reconstruction | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |  |  |  |
| Tracking | 8.9 | 5.1 | 3.4 |  |  |  |
| Calorimetry | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.2 |  |  |  |
| Taus | 1.8 | 1.7 | 0.9 |  |  |  |
| Jet Energy Scale | 10.0 | 4.8 | 2.8 |  |  |  |
| b-tagging | 3.5 | 2.5 | 1.3 |  |  |  |
| Trigger | 6.5 | 7.8 | 4.1 |  |  |  |
| Simulation | 5.5 | 3.0 | 2.7 |  |  |  |
| Luminosity | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 |  |  |  |
| High Level Data Handling | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 |  |  |  |
| Infrastructure | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |  |  |  |
| TOTAL ALGORITHMS | 47.2 | 35.4 | 25.6 |  |  |  |

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting

## Core Physics Analysis

|  |  | CDF |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| PHYSICS | FY05 | FY07 | FY09 | FY05 |  |  |
| Bs (Mixing, Rare Decay, Lifetime) | 18.5 | 16.0 | 13.0 | 22.0 |  |  |
| EW(W mass) | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 13.0 |  |  |
| Higgs(SM and SUSY) | 17.0 | 17.0 | 15.5 | 19.5 |  |  |
| New Phenomena(Trilepton,Squarks & | 14.5 | 11.5 | 7.0 | 13.0 |  |  |
|     Gluinos, Stop&Sbottom, LED, Z') |   |  |   |   |  |  |
| Top (Mass and Single) | 19.5 | 17.5 | 11.5 | 22.5 |  |  |
| Core physics management | 7.0 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 |  |  |
| Tevatron Combination | 0.3 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.3 |  |  |
| Godparents/Ed.Boards | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |  |  |
| TOTAL PHYSICS | 88.5 | 81.0 | 64.0 | 101.3 |  |  |

- CDF Status:   Young-Kee Kim and Rob Roser,   December 8, 2005, PAC Meeting