# Presentation: 245966

## Irradiation as a Commodity Treatment for Fruits and Vegetables

***Inder Paul Gadh, Ph.D.***
**Phytosanitary Issues Management**
**USDA, APHIS, PPQ**
**Riverdale, MD  20737**
**(301) 734-6799**

## Irradiation as a Commodity Treatment .. Cont.

**Background:**
**  ****Over 50 countries using food irradiation**
**  ****Hawaii irradiating F&Vs since 1995**
**  ****Increased interest to find MB alternative**
**  ****APHIS developing policies & analyzing ****	****research for treatment efficacy**

## Irradiation as a Commodity Treatment .. Cont.

**Background ..**
** ****May 1996: APHIS published a Notice for Public Feedback**
** ****May 2000: Published a Proposed Rule; received 2,212 comments**
** ****March 2002: Published a Supplemental Rule**

## APHIS Final Rule Published on October 23, 2002

**Irradiation as Phytosanitary Treatment  of  Fruits and Vegetables**
**7 CFR Parts 305 and 319**

## Objective of Irradiation

** ****Prevent establishment of pests**
**Mortality is **_**NOT**_** necessary**
**Preventing reproduction **_**IS**_** necessary**

## Critical Control Points 

**Dose**
**How is it delivered (Dosimetry)**
**Safeguards**

## APHIS Final Rule Provisions

**Approved doses for 12 pests**
**Other Issues to be discussed later**
**[Location & Certification of facilities **
**Compliance Agreement (inside/outside U.S.)**
**Other Agreements e.g. FEWP, Preclearance WP**
**Packaging & Other Requirements**
**Dosimetry systems**
**Recordkeeping Requirement]**

## Approved doses, Final Rule

_***Pest _***_			        _**Common name **_**        **_**Dose (**__**Gy**__**)   **_Bactrocera dorsalis		Oriental FF                 250  Ceratitis capitata		Mediterranean FF       225
- B. cucurbitae			Melon fly                    210 Anastrepha fraterculus	South American FF     150
- A. suspensa			Caribbean FF             	 150       A. ludens			Mexican FF                 150        A. obliqua 			West Indian FF            150 A.serpentina			Sapote FF                     150       B. tryoni			Queensland FF             150       B. jarvisi			(no common name)      150       B. latifrons	 		Malaysian FF               150 Sternochetus mangiferae 	Mango seed weevil      300

## Other Agreements

**Irradiation treatment framework equivalency work plan**** **
**	****-****	****Provides for reciprocal movement**
**Facility preclearance work plan**
**	****-  Verifies facility compliance**
**Trust fund agreement**
**	****-****	**** Covers all APHIS costs**

## New Recommendations

**Generic Dose for All Fruit flies****	****	****   150**
**Doses for 8 Additional Pests****	****	****60 - 300**
**	****	****False red spider mite, **
**	****	****Codling moth, **
**	****	****Koa seedworm, **
**	****	****Litchi fruit moth, **
**	****	****Oriental fruit moth, **
**	****	****Plum curculio, **
**	****	****Sweetpotato weevil, and **
**	****	****Apple maggot****	****	****  **

- Thank you

## ARS’ New Dose Recommendations

- _    __**Scientific name             Common name            Dose**__** (Gy)**_
**Tephritidae (family)****	****	****All Fruit flies****	****	****150**
*Anastrepha ludens*		Mexican fruit fly		  **70**
*Anastrepha obliqua*		West Indian fruit fly	**100**
*Anastrepha serpentina*		Sapote fruit fly		**100**
*Anastrepha suspensa**	**	*Caribbean fruit fly		 ** 70**
*Bactrocera jarvisi*		Jarvis fruit fly 		**100**
*Bactrocera tryoni*		Queensland fruit fly	**100**
***Brevipalpus chilensis*****	****	****False red spider mite****	****300**
***Cydia pomonella*****	****	****Codling moth****	****	****200**
***Cryptophlebia illepida******	******	*****Koa seedworm****	****	****250**
***Cryptophlebia ombrodelta*****	****Litchi fruit moth****	****	****250**
***Grapholita molesta*****	****	****Oriental fruit moth****	****200**
***Conotrachelus nenuphar******	*****Plum curculio****	****	****  92**
***Cylas formicarius elegantulus *****Sweetpotato weevil****	****165**
**Rhagoletis pomonella****	****	****Apple maggot****	****	****  60**
**Coccus viridis****	****	****Green scale****	****	****400**