# Presentation: 718305

## Dr. John R. Haines
Microbiologist
USEPA-NRMRL-Ci
513-569-7446
Haines.john@epa.gov
December 2004  

- Microbiologist
- USEPA-NRMRL-Ci
- 513-569-7446
- Haines.john@epa.gov
- December 2004

*REDUCTION OF POLLUTANT TRANSPORT:  WHERE ARE WE?*

## Minimizing Pollutant Movement

- 1.  Soil Erosion Control-USDA Guidance
- 2.  Sediment Control
- 3.  Phosphorus Control
- 4.  Nitrogen Control
- 5.  Microorganism Control

## Removal of N, P, Sediment by buffers and wetlands

|  | N | P | Sediment |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| VBS | 18-99% | 12-98% | 33-99% |
| Wetlands | 38-80% | 50-73%  |  |
| Slopes ranged from 2-20% and widths ranged from 2-30 m. |  |  |  |

## Removal of microorganisms in buffer strips and wetlands

|  | Protozoans | Fecal coliforms | Fecal streptococci | Viruses |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| VBS | 35-99% | 43-91% | 70-95% |  |
| Wetlands |  |  |  | 85% |
| Widths ranged from 1 to 70 m, slopes ranged from 3 to 30% |  |  |  |  |

## TILE DRAIN EFFECTS

- POTENTIAL RAPID MOVEMENT OF CONTAMINANTS
- ZONE OF INFLUENCE

## USDA Guidance

- www.info.usda.gov/CED/default.cfm
- www.info.usda.gov/CED/ftp/CED/neh16.pdf
- www.groundwatersystems.com/agwaste.html
- www.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/awmfh.html
- www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/standards/nhcp.html
- www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/standards/nhcp_notices.html
- National Practice Standards of interest include 328, 329, 330, 332, 344, 393, 585, and 586
- www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/land
- www.nrcs.usda.gov/awm
- www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/nutrient/html
- www.nrcs.usda.gov/sitemap.html
- www.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm
- http://policy.nrcs.usda.gov/scripts/lpsiis.dll/M/M_190_NAM.htm
- http://soils.usda.gov
- http://efotg.nrcs.usda.gov/efotg_locator

## LAND APPLICATION

- LAGOON CONTENT,    lb/1000 gal
-                               N                  P
- Liquid range all sp.  0.17-6.25      0.08-0.83
- Solid range (sludge)  24-51.7       17.5-45.8
- 1 acre inch = 102,778 L =27154 gal
-     NH3-N at 100 mg/L = 10.3 Kg/acre in

## Manure Nutrient Production

|  | N lb/d/1000 lb | P lb/d/1000 lb |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Dairy | 0.3-0.5 | 0.04-0.07 |
| Beef | 0.3-0.33 | 0.09-0.12 |
| Swine | 0.2-0.6 | 0.05-0.16 |
| Poultry | 0.6-1.1 | 0.24-0.34 |
| Veal | 0.2 | 0.03 |
| Sheep | 0.45 | 0.07 |
| Horses | 0.28 | 0.05 |

- Values are as excreted, combines several types

## MANURE NUTRIENT LOAD

|  | Tons/acre to =100lb/ac N | P content lbs | Tons/acre to = 50lb/acre P |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Dairy | 8-13.3 | 8-23.3 | 28.6-50 |
| Beef | 8.9-9.8 | 30-36.5 | 12.3-16.4 |
| Swine, grower/finisher | 5.3-15.9 | 25.7-80.3
 | 9.9-31.7
 |
| Poultry, broilers | 3.6 | 30.6 | 5.8 |
| Turkeys | 2.9 | 37.2 | 3.9 |

## TIMING, LOCATION, METHOD

- SEASONAL
- RAINFALL
- LOCATION
- VEGETATION
- SURFACE
- INCORPORATED

## INTEGRATED SYSTEMS

- MANURE STORAGE PRIOR TO LAND APPLICATION
- CAN BE A COMPOSTING SYSTEM
- CAN REDUCE MICROORGANISM LOAD
- CAN REDUCE NITROGEN LOSSES

## INTEGRATED SYSTEMS

- VEGETATED BUFFERS ABOVE WETLANDS
- REDUCE SEDIMENT AND P TRANSPORT
- REDUCE MICROORGANISM TRANSPORT
- ENCOURAGE DENITRIFICATION
- LIMITED GROUNDWATER TREATMENT

## INTEGRATED SYSTEMS

- CH4 DIGESTER TO SOLIDS COMPOSTING TO LAND APPLICATION
- REDUCES MASS
- REDUCES MICROORGANISMS LOAD
- GENERATES ENERGY

## INTEGRATED SYSTEMS

- LAGOONS TO LAND APPLICATION TO VBS TO WETLANDS
- CAN REDUCE N AND P
- CAN REDUCE MICROORGANISMS
- CAN BE MODIFIED TO RECOVER CH4

## RESEARCH NEEDS

- EVALUATION OF INTEGRATED SYSTEMS
- METHODS OF MICROORGANISM EVALUATION
- TOOLBOX OF MULTIPLE METHODS TO ADDRESS DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ANALYTICAL NEEDS

## RESEARCH NEEDS

- MODELING NEEDS
- VADOSE ZONE TRANSPORT
- OPTIMAL MONITORING DESIGN
- PATHOGEN FATE AND TRANSPORT
- MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUE EFFECTS