# Presentation: 416920

## Open Systems Architecture (OSA)

**Dale Waldo 314 233-1515**
**Space IPT-Lead**
**Open Systems Architecture****Boeing Phantom Works**

**Increasing Reliability using Open Systems Architecture**

***Open Systems Architecture (OSA)***

**12 December 2001**

## Key to Innovation is Communication

- The Roman Roads in the Mediterranean Region and Europe.

- Tools for woodblock printing (Sung Dynasty 960-1279AD)

- Communication remains the key to stability and growth

## Why Open SystemsProcess solution offered by AIAA R-100

- Why Open SystemsProcess solution offered by AIAA R-100

## Why Open Systems

-  AIAA-R100 Issues
-  It did not address _solutions_ 				(It was Process oriented)
-  Requires MORE upfront design $$

-  Open Systems begins to addresses these issues

## What is Open Systems

-  **Open Systems Architecture (OSA) is a ****Boeing ****enterprise avionics affordability strategy leveraging commercial technologies and processes across ****Boeing**** product lines.  **

## Moore’s Law

**Power of Compounding Rates**
**The fable states that a servant volunteered to work for the king at the rate of 1 penny on the first day, with his salary doubling every consecutive workday**
**If the servant has worked a full year**
**52 weeks with 5 workday per week**
**On the 260 day (one full year) his day’s salary for that day would have been $9.26X10****75**

## Moore’s Law

**1965-Gordon Moore, Intel CEO, stated that transistor density in semiconductors would double every 2 years (24 months)**
**1973-Medwick & Associates invented CMOS at RCA **
**Resulted in Moore Law being revised to transistor density in semiconductors doubling every 18  months**
**CMOS scaling results in lower power per transistor-offsetting power generated by larger transistor quantity**
**In recent history the effect of compounding capacity has significantly affected the world economy**
**Extremely powerful microprocessors have emerged**
**Personal computer sales has mushroomed**
**Software businesses have become major employers****	****	**

## Moore’s Law

## Moore’s Law

## Semiconductor Business

## State-of-Art Semiconductor Sales

**Cost per chip limits high tech semiconductor sales**

- Source – Electronic News, 2001

## Military TrendsLosing Market Leverage

***Defense Spending is Declining...***

**Defense Outlays As a Share of Gross Domestic Product**

***Market Share is Decreasing...***

**DOD Has Minimal Impact in the Electronics Industry**
**Obsolescence is Market Driven**
- It Won’t Go Away
- We Can’t Change The Environment
**DMS Results in Unaffordable NRE**

**99**

**00**

**01**

**02**

**03**

**04**

**05**

**‘****2000 President’s Budget Request**
**For Avionics Modernization**

**$1B**

## Technology Trends

**Architecture**

**Product Life**

**Parts**

**System**

**0**

**5**

**10**

**15**

**20**

**25**

**30**

**Years**

**Military**

**Commercial**

**Trend**

**Product Cycle - Military Vs Commercial**

**Time to Obsolescence (Years)**

**Board Level Products**

**Processors**

**Components**

**2**

**5**

**30**

**Software Tools**

**Software Language**

**Interfaces (H/W & S/W)**

**Device Density**

**1B**

**100M**

**10M**

**1M**

**100,000**

**10,000**

**1,000**

- 1K

- 4K

- 16K

- 64K

- 250K

- 1M

- 4M

- 4004

**Memory **
**Chips**

**Processor**
** ****Chips**

- 8008

- 8080

- 8085

- 8048

- 8086

- 68000

- 80286

- 68020

- 80386

- 80860

- 80486

**Rate of Growth/Year = 40%**
** ****- Doubles Every 2 Years**
** ****- Cost/ Part Decreases**
-    **10,000 : 1in 20 Years**

## Why Open Systems Architectures?

-     Improved Performance

**Operational Readiness**
**Mission Effectiveness **

- Rapid Insertion

**Reduced Development & Testing**
**Plug and Play Upgrades**

- Affordable

**Lower Acquisition and ****Operation & Support Costs**

**Why Open Systems Architectures?**

**An Open System Is Characterized by:**
**Widely Used, Non-Proprietary Interfaces**
**Use of Commercial Standards**
**Definition of All System Interfaces**
**Provision for Expansion or Upgrading**

## Open Systems Architecture

_**System**_** – *****A Group of Interacting, Interrelated, or Interdependent Elements Forming a Complex Whole.  A Functionally Related Group of Elements.***

_**Architecture**_** – A set of Practices Which Govern The Form and Function of a Design. *****A Style and Method of Design and Construction.***

**Open Systems Architecture** –  A Technical & Business Strategy Architecting Open Functional Elements To Support The Design Life of The System.

- System

- Embedded Systems

- Sub-System

**Software**

**Hardware**

**System Engineering**

***System of System***
***Ready***

**Open Systems Architecture**

## Open System Definition*

**An Open System Is Characterized by the Following:**
**Well Defined, Widely Used, Preferably Non-Proprietary Interfaces/Protocols;**
**Use of Standards Which Are Developed/Adopted by Recognized Standards Bodies or the Commercial Market Place;**
**Definition of All Aspects of System Interfaces to Facilitate New or Additional Systems Capabilities for a Wide Range of Applications; and**
**Explicit Provision for Expansion or Upgrading Through the Incorporation ****of Additional or Higher Performance Elements With Minimal Impact... **

***INTEROPERABILITY***

**Devices**

**Chips**

**Modules**

***MODULE / BOARD LEVEL***

***INTRAOPERABILITY***

****SOURCE: Open System Joint Task Force 1998***

## Benefits of Open Systems

***INTEROPERABILITY***

***MODULE / BOARD LEVEL***
***INTERCHANGABILITY***

***INTRAOPERABILITY***

**Devices**

**Chips**

**Modules**

**Open Systems Architectures Reduces Ownership Costs and Allows for Affordable Modernization and Growth**

** ****Affordable Avionics Designs, Production and Support **
** ****Designed for Ease of Change and Ease of Validation**
** ****Permits Affordable Evolutionary Acquisition**
** ****Multi-Platform Leverage: Design Once - Use Often**
** ****Resistant to Parts Obsolescence and DMS Issues**

## Technology Insertion 

**Planned Growth**

**Life Cycle Savings**

## Software Architecture

**Hierarchical layered architecture**
**Isolation from hardware changes**
**Plug-n-play software modularity**
**Reuse applications**
**Improved maintainability**
**Improved productivity**

**Hardware (CPU, memory, I/O)**

**Board support package**

**Operating system**

**Infrastructure**

**Application software**

**Infrastructure**

**Hardware**

**COTS**

## Bold Stroke

**GP94217046.ppt**

- A *Fundamental Change*  in the Way
- We Develop and Field Avionics Systems

## Open Systems Architecture

**011.ppt**

**Open Systems Architecture**

**An Enterprise Avionics Affordability Initiative to Reduce Customer’s Total Ownership Costs Across Boeing’s Military and Commercial Platforms**

**Dramatic Goals to Reduce**
** ****Avionics Flyaway Costs**
** ****Software Development Costs **
** ****Development and O&S Costs**
** ****Time to Field**

**Vigilare**

**Australia**

**GROUND & SEA**

**ABL**

**Wedgetail**

**Nimrod**

**Air Force**

**Foreign **

**Air Force**

**ABL, B-1B**

**Nimrod, Wedgetail  Foreign**

**Air Force**

**AWACS**

**C****4**** ****I**

**By Leveraging Commercial Hardware, Software, Tools and Processes, Enterprise Reuse, and Acquisition Reform**

**DD-21**

**Navy**

**Deepwater**

**Coast Guard**

**COMMERCIAL**

**SPACE**

## Reliability 

-  Reliability predictions today are based a few rules of thumb and predictive curves fit to past experience.
-  New COTS based designs (based on Moore’s Law) may not have past experience to draw from.
-  Old designs can not be maintained or built from parts we don’t have.

-  To have reliably systems in the future we need to find systems (and parts) which can maintain a legacy within the market place.
-  By definition systems and system interfaces which can exhibit some longevity in the market place will become our common standards

- Note:  Architecting Open Systems is not all Engineering a bit of art may need to be added.

-  **Reliability, Maintainability, and Usability are all dependent on our ability to properly deploy Open Systems.  **

## Open Systems Architecture

**Open Systems Architecture**

- CC12340001a2.ppt