# Presentation: 878612

## Slide 1

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## Earth Observing System Mission

- Part of the Earth Science Enterprise as NASA’s Contribution to the U.S. Global Change Research Program
- 	EOS GOAL:
- 15 continuous years of Satellite Measurement
- Scientific Research
- Accessible Data

**Earth Observing System Mission**

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## Earth Observing System Mission

- 15 continuous years of Satellite Measurement

-       1999		      2002			2004

**Earth Observing System Mission**

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## MODIS INSTRUMENTATION

- • Sun-synchronous, near-polar orbit (705 km)
- • 2330 x 10 km scan
- • 250, 500, or 1000 meter spatial resolution
- • GLOBAL COVERAGE EVERY 1-2 DAYS

**MODIS INSTRUMENTATION**

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## MODIS INSTRUMENTATION: CALIBRATION

- _ON-BOARD CALIBRATORS (OBC’s)_
- 1.  Blackbody (BB)
- 2.  Spectroradiometric Calibration Assembly (SRCA)
- 3.  Solar Diffuser (SD)
- Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor (SDSM)** **
**SPATIAL AND RADIOMETRIC FIDELITY**

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## MODIS INSTRUMENTATION: BROAD SPECTRAL COVERAGE

| Band | Λ (μm) | Res.(m) | Band | Λ (μm) | Res.(m) | Band | Λ (μm) | Res.(m) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 0.62-0.67 | 250 | 13 | 0.662-0.672 | 1000 | 25 | 4.482-4.549 | 1000 |
| 2 | 0.841-0.876 | 250 | 14 | 0.673-0.683 | 1000 | 26 | 1.360-1.390 | 1000 |
| 3 | 0.459-0.479 | 500 | 15 | 0.743-0.753 | 1000 | 27 | 6.535-6.895 | 1000 |
| 4 | 0.545-0.565 | 500 | 16 | 0.862-0.877 | 1000 | 28 | 7.175-7.475 | 1000 |
| 5 | 1.230-1.250 | 500 | 17 | 0.890-0.920 | 1000 | 29 | 8.400-8.700 | 1000 |
| 6 | 1.628-1.652 | 500 | 18 | 0.931-0.941 | 1000 | 30 | 9.580-9.880 | 1000 |
| 7 | 2.105-2.155 | 500 | 19 | 0.915-0.965 | 1000 | 31 | 10.780-11.280 | 1000 |
| 8 | 0.405-0.420 | 1000 | 20 | 3.660-3.840 | 1000 | 32 | 11.770-12.270 | 1000 |
| 9 | 0.438-0.448 | 1000 | 21 | 3.929-3.989 | 1000 | 33 | 13.185-13.485 | 1000 |
| 10 | 0.483-0.493 | 1000 | 22 | 3.929-3.989 | 1000 | 34 | 13.485-13.785 | 1000 |
| 11 | 0.526-0.536 | 1000 | 23 | 4.020-4.080 | 1000 | 35 | 13.785-14.085 | 1000 |
| 12 | 0.546-0.556 | 1000 | 24 | 4.433-4.498 | 1000 | 36 | 14.085-14.385 | 1000 |

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## EOS SCIENCE Challenge

- Moderate resolution remote sensing for
- quantifying land surface characteristics
- 	 • land cover type/extent
- 	 • snow cover extent
- 	 • surface temperature
- 	 • leaf area index
- 	 • fire occurrence
- ...input of parameters to climate and
- 	ecosystem process models

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## FULFILLING EOS MISSION GOALS

-      Superior Instrumentation
-      Synergistic 	Science
*Relevant Science **	**Data*

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## SCIENCE TEAM TASKS:

- • Develop algorithms suitable for global-to-regional monitoring, modeling, and assessment
- • Generate and validate high level products that remove the burden of certain types of data processing from the user community

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## MODIS LAND DATA OVERVIEW

- Energy Budget	Vegetation Parameters  Land Cover/Use

- Surface Reflectance	    Vegetation Index    Thermal Anomalies/Fire
- BRDF/Albedo		             LAI/FPAR                    Land Cover
- Temperature/Emissivity	      NPP 		VCC/VCF

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## LAND PRODUCTS at LP DAAC

**MOD/MYD 09****	**Surface Reflectance
**MOD/MCD 43****	**BRDF / Albedo
**MOD/MYD 11****	**Land Surf. Temp. / Emissivity
**MOD/MYD 14****	**Thermal Anomalies / Fire
**MOD/MYD 12****	**Land Cover / Change
**MOD/MYD 13****	**Vegetation Indices
**MOD/MYD 15****	**Leaf Area Index / FPAR
**MOD/MYD 17****	**Veg.Net Primary Production
**MOD 44****	**Vegetation Cov. Conv/Cont. Fields

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**Notes:**
MODIS will collect information from this broad spectral range to make products for Atmospheric, Oceanic and Land studies.  

EROS Data Center will be handling the land products, which are outlined here. 

There are actually about 47 products expected, as each of these categories can be produced at different resolutions.  

There is a concentration in the Land group on surface reflectance, radiation, land cover and all the wonderful things we can do with vegetation.

## LAND PRODUCTS at LP DAAC: Data Characteristics

| Temporal  | 1-, 8-, 16-, 32-day, monthly, quarterly, yearly |
| --- | --- |
| Spatial | 250m, 500m, 1000m, 5600m |
| Level 2 | Derived geophysical variables at the same resolution and location as Level 1 source data |
| Level 2G | Level 2 data mapped on uniform space-time grid scales |
| Level 3 | Variables mapped on uniform space-time grid scales in derived spatial and/or temporal resolutions  |
| Level 4 | Model output or results from analyses of lower-level data. |

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## MODIS LAND PRODUCTS at LP DAAC: Quality Assurance

- • Quality assurance is an integral part of the MODIS
- 	production chain
- • Each PI is responsible for producing QA fields for their
- 	particular product
- • QA fields vary, depending on the product characteristics

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## DATA MATURITY STATUS

_**Provisional products**_**  ****Version 003**
- • product quality may not be optimal
- • incremental product improvements are still occurring
- • general research community is encouraged to participate in the QA and 	validation of the product, but need to be aware that product 	validation and QA are ongoing
- • users are urged to contact science team representatives prior to use of the 	data in publications
- • may be replaced in the archive when the validated product becomes available

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## DATA MATURITY STATUS

- • formally validated product, although validation is still ongoing
- • uncertainties are well defined
- • ready for use in scientific publications, and by other agencies
- • there are three successive stages of validation dependent on 	number and types of field site comparisons

**DATA MATURITY STATUS**

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## MODIS Surface Reflectance

| DATATYPE | LEVEL | TEMPORAL  | SPATIAL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| MOD09GHK | 2G | DAILY | 500M |
| MOD09GQK | 2G | DAILY | 250M |
| MOD09GST | 2G | DAILY | 1000M |
| MOD09A1 | 3 | 8-DAY | 500M |
| MOD09Q1 | 3 | 8-DAY | 250M |
| MOD09CMG | 3 | DAILY | 0.05 deg |

- • Surface reflectance for 7 spectral bands as if measured at ground level with no atmospheric scattering or absorption.

- • Corrections for gases, aerosols, cirrus clouds

**MODIS Surface Reflectance**

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## MODIS Surface Reflectance

- Area 					~ 10° x 10° lat/longImage Dimensions			2400 x 2400 File Size				~161 MBResolution				500 metersProjection				SinusoidalData type				16-bit IntegerScience Data Sets (Bands)	13

**MODIS Surface Reflectance**

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## MODIS Surface Reflectance

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## MODIS Surface Reflectance

**MODIS Surface Reflectance**

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## BRDF/Albedo

| DATATYPE | LEVEL | TEMPORAL  | SPATIAL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| MOD43B1- Model BRDF/Albedo | 3 | 16-DAY | 1000M |
| MOD43B3-Albedo | 3 | 16-DAY | 1000M |
| MOD43B4-NBAR | 3 | 16-DAY | 1000M |
| MOD43C1-Global Albedo | 3 | 16-DAY | 0.05o |
| MOD43C2-Global BRDF/Albedo Parameters | 3 | 16-DAY | 0.05o |
| MOD43C3-Global NBAR | 3 | 16-DAY | 0.05o |

- • Coefficients for mathematical description of pixel BRDF used to simultaneously 	derive albedo measurements
- Removes geometric effects from multi-date images
- • Quantifies directional information in signal
- • Provides a surface radiation-scattering model

**BRDF/Albedo**

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity

| DATATYPE | LEVEL | TEMPORAL  | SPATIAL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| MOD11_L2 | 2 | 1-DAY | 1000M |
| MOD11A1 | 3 | 1-DAY | 1000M |
| MOD11A2 | 3 | 8-DAY | 1000M |
| MOD11B1 | 3 | DAILY | 5000M |
| MOD11C1 | 3 | DAILY | 0.05deg |
| MOD11C2 | 3 | 8-DAY | 0.05deg |
| MOD11C3 | 3 | MONTHLY | 0.05deg |

- Temperatures are extracted in Kelvin with a view-angle dependent algorithm applied to direct observations.
- Emissivities are estimates derived from applying algorithm output to database information

- • **1****o**** K accuracy**

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## Thermal Anomalies/Fire

| DATATYPE | LEVEL | TEMPORAL  | SPATIAL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| MOD14 | 2 | 1-DAY | 1000M |
| MOD14A1 | 3 | 1-DAY | 1000M |
| MOD14A2 | 3 | 8-DAY | 1000M |
| MOD40A | 3 | 8-DAY | 500M |

- • Fire location and Energy calculation
- • Smoldering/flaming ratio

- • Volcano alerts / monitoring
- • Burn scars

- Effects related to deforestation, gas release, particulate release, ecological biomes

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## Land Cover/Phenology

| DATATYPE | LEVEL | TEMPORAL | SPATIAL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| MOD12Q1 | 3 | 96-DAY | 1000M |
| MOD12Q2 | 3 | YEARLY | 1000M |

- • **Identifies land cover using 5 different classification schemes**
**IGBP; UMD; LAI/FPAR; BCC; PFT**
- • Supervised decision-tree method
- • Natural vs. Human induced changes

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## Vegetation Indices

| DATATYPE | LEVEL | TEMPORAL  | SPATIAL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| MOD13A1 | 3 | 16-DAY | 500M |
| MOD13A2 | 3 | 16-DAY | 1000M |
| MOD13Q1 | 3 | 16-DAY | 250M |
| MOD13A3 | 3 | MONTHLY | 1000M |

- NDVI as continuity index with AVHRR NDVI
- EVI Enhanced Vegetation Index
- 	Band 3 Blue (470 nm)
- 	remove smoke and sub-pixel/thin clouds
- 	minimize background variations
- 	enhance sensitivity to sparse vs. dense conditions.

**Vegetation Indices**

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## Leaf Area Index/FPAR

| DATATYPE | LEVEL | TEMPORAL  | SPATIAL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| MOD15A2 | 4 | 8-DAY | 1000M |

**• **Derived directly from EVI, land cover type, and background, which are combined using a 3-D radiative transfer model to produce values.
**• **These products are essential in calculating terrestrial energy, carbon, water cycle processes, and biogeochemistry of vegetation.

**Leaf Area Index/FPAR**

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## Net Primary Production

| DATATYPE | LEVEL | TEMPORAL  | SPATIAL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| MOD17A2-GPP | 4 | 8-DAY | 1000M |
| MOD17A3-NPP | 4 | YEARLY | 1000M |

**• **EVI -> FPAR -> GPP -> NPP
**• **NPP=yearly integral of Net Photosynthesis
**• **Theoretical use defining seasonally dynamic flux of CO2 for specific vegetation types

**• **Practical use in estimating crop yield and forest production

**Net Primary Production**

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## Vegetation Cover Conversion

| DATATYPE   | LEVEL | TEMPORAL | SPATIAL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| MOD44A | 4 | 96-DAY | 250M |

- MOD44A – Percentage of land cover change
- 0- No Change
- 1- Tree Cover Change
- 255 – Fill Value

**Vegetation Cover Conversion**

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## Vegetation Continuous Fields

| DATATYPE | LEVEL | TEMPORAL | SPATIAL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| MOD44B | 4 | YEARLY | 500m |

- The current version (V003) of the MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields
- product contains only
- percent tree cover
- percent nontree vegetation
- percent bare
- with the other layers to follow in later releases.

**Vegetation Continuous Fields**

- Bare ground

- Grass/shrubs/moss

- Trees

- 0%

- 100%

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## Future MODIS Land Products

**MOD12Q2****	****Phenology**
**MOD40A****	****Burn Scar**
**MOD16****	****	****Fraction Evaporative Water**
**MOD??****	****	****Canopy Water**

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## Phenology MOD12Q2

- Global Results -2001
- (e.g., Northern Hemisphere Green Wave)

- Credit: Xiaoyang Zhang

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## Burn Scar MOD40A

- 500m burned areas
- 5 months 2002
- Angola
- 650*500km

**Burn Scar MOD40A**

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## MOD16 - Land Surface Evaporative Fraction 

- transport of heat away from the surface
- MOD16 will be based on SEBS (Surface Energy Budget System)
- Ground heat flux is parameterized using fractional 	vegetation and net radiation
- Potential inputs: MOD11, MOD43, MOD15, MOD13, MOD12; meteorological and radiative forcing terms, surface pressure, air temperature, specific humidity, wind speed, insolation, downward longwave radiation
- Hoping to have sample products over a limited area in July 	2005, routine regional  production by July 2006

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## Canopy Water Content

- H2O absorption bands at 980 and 1240
- MODIS sees 858 and 1240 bands, which can be used 	to make a NDWI (normalized difference water 	index)
- Looking for seasonal changes
- Units will be mm/pixel of EWT (equivalent water 	thickness)
- Probably start with NBAR for input

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## DATA VERSIONS

- C*n* – Collection Version *n*

- 2000

- 2001

- 2002

- 2003

- 2004

- Beta

- 2005

- 2006

- 2007

- Validated (Stage 1)

- Provisional

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## NAMING CONVENTIONS: DATA SET NAMES

_**MOD09A1  MODIS/Terra  Surface Reflectance  8-Day  L3  Global   500m   ISIN Grid**_

- ShortName

- Instrument

- Platform

- Parameter

- Temporal Resolution

- Processing Level

- Global or Swath

- Spatial Resolution

- Grid or not

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## NAMING CONVENTIONS:  FILE NAMES

- ShortName

- Julian Acquisition Date

- TileID

- Processing Version

- Julian Processing Date

**NAMING CONVENTIONS:  FILE NAMES**

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## MODIS DATA FORMAT:  HDF-EOS

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## LP-DAAC HDF-EOS HELP

**EOSView** - ftp://lake.nascom.nasa.gov/software/trmm_software/
**JHV** - http://hdf.ncsa.uiuc.edu/java-hdf-html/
**view_hdf** - http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/HPDOCS/view_hdf.html
**Web Winds** - http://webwinds.jpl.nasa.gov/
**HDFLook**  - http://www-loa.univ-lille1.fr/Hdflook/hdflook_gb.html
- http://lpdaac.usgs.gov/dataformat.asp

**No cost software options**

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## MODIS V004 Map Projection

- Most image processing/conversion software handles the Sinusoidal projection with ease.

- All higher level products in most recent reprocessing (V004) are in conventional Sinusoidal projection.

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## MODIS Actual Spatial Resolution

- 250 M 		=	7.5 ARCSEC		= 	230 M
- 500 M		=	15 ARCSEC		=	460 M
- 1000 M		=	30 ARCSEC		=	920 M
- The processing of higher level MODIS products includes binning and projection operations.  These operations reducing the pixel size slightly.

- Grid Cell (Pixel) at Equator  (arcsec)

- IGARSS JULY 2001

## MODIS REPROJECTION TOOL

**BEFORE**

**AFTER**

- http://edcdaac.usgs.gov/landdaac/tools/modis/index.asp

**MODIS REPROJECTION TOOL**

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**Notes:**
No need for words, the pictures say it all.

## QABits – Science Data Sets in hdf files

- 8-32 bit integers describing the quality of geophysical parameters

| bit | Long Name | Key |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 00-01 | Mandatory QA flags | 00=LST produced, good quality, not necessary to examine more detailed QA01=LST produced, other quality, recommend examination of more detailed QA10=LST not produced due to cloud effects11=LST not produced primarily due to reasons other than cloud |
| 02-03 | Data quality flag | 00=good data quality 01=other quality data 10=LST affected by nearby clouds and/or sub-grid clouds and/or ocean11=LST screened off |
| 04-05 | Emis Error flag | 00=average emissivity error <= 0.01 01=average emissivity error <= 0.02 10=average emissivity error <= 0.04 11=average emissivity error > 0.04 |
| 06-07 | LST Error flag | 00=average LST error <= 1K 01=average LST error <= 2K 
10=average LST error <= 3K 11=average LST error > 3K |

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## MODIS LDOPE Tools

- Can perform any processing function necessary for manipulating MODIS Land data, except reprojection
- QABits, mosaicking, subsetting, format conversion, multidimensionality, etc.
- stand-alone executables invoked from a 	command-line interface
- supported on Irix, Solaris, Linux, and 	Windows operating systems

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## MODIS CHALLENGES

- • MODAPS production generally less than 1 week behind real time
- • Goal to stay within 15 days of Level 1 production

**Data Format **
**Map Projection**
**QABit Interpretation**
**Timeliness**

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## MODIS DATA TOOLS

**http://edcdaac.usgs.gov/datatools.asp**
**MRT**
**MRTSwath**
**LDOPE**
**HDF-EOS **

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