# Presentation: 820743

## Leadership and Execution

- Brigadier General John J. Kelly, Jr., United States Air Force (Ret.)
- Deputy Under Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere
- NOAA Leadership Seminar
- 03.22.2005

## NOAA’s Mission

- To understand and predict changes in the Earth’s environment and conserve and manage coastal and marine resources to meet the Nation’s economic, social and environmental needs.

## Eye On The Mission 

- “Every business, if it is to succeed, must have a sense of direction and mission, so that no matter what you are doing, you know how you fit in, and that what you are doing is important.”
- —former IBM CEO Louis Gerstner

## NOAA’s Vision

- An informed society that uses a comprehensive understanding of the role of the oceans, coasts and atmosphere in the global ecosystem to make the best social and economic decisions.

## Eye On The Vision 

- “Everything you do is for a reason and that reason is contained within the vision*.*”
- — Merck & Co chair, president and CEO Raymond Gilmartin

## NOAA’s CurrentEnvironment

- U.S. Ocean Action Plan
- Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS)
- Climate Change Science Plan
- Research Review Team Report

- New Congress
- New Commerce Secretary
- Carlos M. Gutierrez
- Heavily ear-marked budget
- Administrative priorities
- Defense
- Homeland Security

## Budget Trends

- $ Billions

**Notes:**
NOAA has begun using a Planning, Programming, Budgeting and Execution System 
NOAA can plan several years in advance, keeping a firm eye on the goal of a program that fulfills 100% of its requirement
Allows NOAA programs to better justify their existence and importance to Congress
Makes for better arguments for a bigger slice of a smaller pie that is the President’s Annual Budget to Congress

## Major Occupations

- 66% of NOAA’s workforce are in scientific and technical occupations

**Notes:**
NOAA maintains and operates 
344 offices and research facilities
18 ships
13 aircraft
NOAA employs
≈ 12,500 FTEs
≈ 270 Commissioned Corps Officers

## Administrative Organization

**Notes:**
NOAA is organized with all of its administrative functions centralized at the HQ level
NOAA has 7 Line Offices that cover our programmatic and planning functions
NOAA also has 5 mission goal teams that plan and program across the Line Offices 

## Legislative Mandates
Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Management and Conservation Act - 1976
Marine Mammal Protection Act—1972
Endangered Species Act—1973
International Agreements
Convention for the International Trade of Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna
International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling

- Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Management and Conservation Act - 1976
- Marine Mammal Protection Act—1972
- Endangered Species Act—1973
- International Agreements
- Convention for the International Trade of Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna
- International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling

- NOAA’s Regulatory Responsibilities

**Notes:**
NOAA interacts with DOD on natural resources issues - in particular with marine mammals and endangered species.  
Both the MMPA and ESA, prohibit the “take,” of specific species:  marine mammals in the case of the MMPA and endangered or threatened species listed under the ESA.  Included in the definition of “take” is the issue of “harassment,” of marine mammals.  The definition of “harassment” in the MMPA basically encompasses marine mammal injury and disturbance:
MMPA:  The term "harassment" means any act of pursuit, torment, or annoyance which—
(i) has the potential to injure a marine mammal or marine mammal stock in the wild (Level A); or
(ii) has the potential to disturb a marine mammal or marine mammal stock in the wild by causing disruption of behavioral patterns, including, but not limited to, migration, breathing, nursing, breeding, feeding, or sheltering (Level B).
NDAA:  In the case of a military readiness activity...or a scientific research activity conducted by or on behalf of the Federal government consistent with section 104(c)(3), the term ‘harassment’ means—
(i) any act that injures or has the significant potential to injure a marine mammal or marine mammal stock in the wild (Level A); or
(ii) any act that disturbs or is likely to disturb a marine mammal or marine mammal stock in the wild by causing disruption of natural behavioral patterns including, but not limited to, migration, surfacing, nursing, breeding, feeding, or sheltering, to a point where such behavioral patterns are abandoned or significantly altered (Level B).

## NOAA and the Coastal Zone

- Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972
- Primary Objectives of the CZMA:
- Balancing Act.  Balance resource protection with economic, recreational and cultural needs
- States’ Rights.  States address local issues, but must consider national interests: defense, energy, fisheries, recreation, ports, transportation
- Participation.  Encourage participation of all levels of government, from local to federal, and the public

**Notes:**
Coastal Zone Management Act:   The Nation’s coastal and ocean resources are under increasing pressure from population growth and development.  Coastal areas host over 50% of the total U.S. population within only 17% of the Nation’s land area.  Between 1994 and 2015, coastal population is projected to increase by 28 million people.  This movement to the coast has presented difficult challenges for coastal resource managers. 
The National Coastal Management Program: federal-state partnership dedicated to comprehensive management of the Nation’s coastal resources, ensuring their protection for future generations while balancing competing national economic, cultural and environmental interests. 

State CZMA Programs 
Voluntary—States develop comprehensive programs to manage the State’s Coastal Zone —NOAA approval required
Two incentives: Federal implementation grants and “Federal Consistency”

Federal Consistency: It’s An “Effects Test”
Federal Consistency: Federal actions, in or outside the coastal zone, that affect any land or water use or natural resource of a State’s coastal zone must be consistent with the enforceable policies of State Coastal Management Programs.
No Geographical Boundaries
No Categorical Exemptions

## Global Earth Observing System of Systems

- Distributed system of systems built on current international cooperation efforts among existing Earth observing and processing systems
- Comprehensive—observations and products from all components
- Coordinated—leverages contributing members resources
- Sustained—by will and capacity of all members
- Enables the collection and distribution of accurate, reliable Earth Observation data, information, products, and services to both suppliers and consumers worldwide
- an end-to-end process

**Notes:**
Security linkage:  Conflict/regional stability?

## National Essential FunctionsNOAA’s Role in Domestic Security

|  | National Essential Functions |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| NOAA’s Priority Essential Functions | Defend Country | Conduct Foreign Affairs | Enforce Laws | Respond Rapidly to  Natural & Terrorist Disasters | Stabilize Economy | Provide for Critical Health, Safety & Welfare of Citizens |
| Weather Data and Forecasts | x | x |   | x | x | x |
| Satellites and other remote sensing | x | x |   | x | x | x |
| Nation’s Seafood & Law Enforcement |   |   | x | x |  | x |
| Safe navigation for commerce and transportation |   |   |   | x | x | x |

**Notes:**
National Essential Functions were recently identified by the White House.  They will be the primary focus of the President post-incident.   These NOAA Priority Mission Essential Functions were advanced as NOAA’s contributions for DOC as requested by White House.

Supported National Essential Functions 
Preserve our constitutional form of Government – ensure the continued functioning of our form of government, and in particular the functioning of the three independent branches of government.
Provide leadership that is visible to the Nation and the world; maintain the trust and confidence of the American people.
Defend the country against all enemies, foreign or domestic, and prevent or interdict future attacks.
Maintain and foster effective relationships with foreign nations.
Protect against threats to the homeland and bring to justice perpetrators of crimes or attacks against the nation, its citizens or interests.
Provide rapid and effective response to and recovery from the domestic consequences of an attack or other incident.
Protect and stabilize the nation’s economy; ensure confidence in our financial systems.
Provide for the critical health, safety, and welfare needs of the citizens.

## Transformation

- Holding Company
- Ad Hoc
- Subjective Decisions
- Talk

- Corporation
- Process
- Fact-based Decisions
- Execution

## NOAA “Business” Model

## Leadership

## Leader’s 7 Essential Behaviors

- Know your people and your business.
- Insist on realism.
- Set clear goals and priorities.
- Follow through.
- Reward the doers.
- Expand people’s capabilities through coaching.
- Know yourself.

## Life’s Paradoxes

- Centralized efficiencies vs. decentralized responsiveness
- Being disciplined vs. being innovative
- Taking risks vs. avoiding mistakes
- Knowing the details vs. delegating responsibility
- Fast decision process vs. correct decisions
- Respect for the individual vs. criticism

## NOAA “Business” Model

## Performance Measures

- Understandable and meaningful
- Organizational culture — achievement important
- Performance measures at several levels
- Information guide to action to improve performance

## Strategy...Metrics...Leaders...Actions

- Strategy

- Mission

- Goals

- Stakeholders

- Metrics

- Report

- Rationalize Resources

- Align Effort

- Manage Accountabilities

- Manage Processes

- Manage Capabilities

- Decide

- Implement Strategy

- Improve Performance

## Execution

- Leaders are central to execution.
- Know yourself.
- Be engaged in both the “whats and hows.”
- Be honest about all realities.
- Promote ongoing honest dialogue.
- Create and maintain an execution culture
- Translate visions and goals into tangible deliverables and actions.

## Execution

- Put the “right” people in the “right” places.
- Be involved in selections.
- Reward the doers.
- Expand the capabilities through coaching.
- Put processes and mechanisms in place to effectively operationalize execution.
- Strategic plan – stretch goals.
- Strategy reviews.
- Operating plans.
- Realistic resources and budgets.

## EXECUTION???

- FY 2004 NOAA Aircraft Flight Hours

- JUNE VARIANCE:
- Flew 62 hrs less than planned overall
- Primarily due to flying 0 of 50 planned Snow Survey hours.

## West Point Motto

- Risk more than others think safe
- Care more than others think wise
- Dream more than others think practical
- Expect more than others think possible