# Presentation: 498312

## Highway Recording SystemsA Report on European and USExperiences

- Highway Recording SystemsA Report on European and USExperiences

- Dr. Gerhard Lehmann
- Mannesmann VDO AG, Germany

## Highway Recording Systems (HRS)

-  HRS - a useful investment?
-  Which HRS are available?
-  Case Histories of HRS
-  Recommendations to the US 		    Transportation Policy

## Tachograph Legislation Worldwide

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**Full Legislation**
*Western Europe, Turkey, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Brazil, Venezuela** *

**Full Legislation for Border Crossing Transport**
*AETR-Countries *

**Partial Legislation**
**or in Progress**
*Mexico, Argentina, *
*Chile, Peru, Uruguay, **Singapore, Australia*

**No legislation**
*Sources: BMV, VK**Status: April 1999*

##  The main Purposes of HRS

-  The main Purposes of HRS

- Improvement of Road Safety
- Harmonization of Competitive Conditions
- Accident Analysis
- Fleet Management

## Which HRS are Available?

-  Tachographs
- traditional
- digital
- Accident Data Recorder
-  On-board Computer

##  New Digital Tachograph

-  New Digital Tachograph

**Speedometer/**
**Instrument cluster**

- print out

**Intelligent**
**Sensor KITAS**

*interface for *
*service/diagnosis *
*devices*

**Recording unit**

*data interface *
*for mass memory*

##  Accident Data Recorder

-  Accident Data Recorder

##  On-Board Computer

-  On-Board Computer

- status-
- inputs

**display**

**keyboard**

**GPS**

** ****Communic.**

- programmable

- outputs

**OBC**

- digital /analog
- and frequency
- inputs

- rpm

**driver related data**

**trip related data**

**vehicle related data**

##  Case Histories of HRS

-  Case Histories of HRS

-  The Tachograph in the European Union
-  The Benefits of the Accident Data Recorder
-  US Experiences with On-board Computers

## Regulatory Background in European Union

- Main Objective: Enforcement of
- 	Driver‘s Hours and Speeding Violations
- Tachographs Compulsory for
- Trucks above 3,5 Tons
- Buses with more than 9 Seats
- The Device is Fully Specified by Law

## The Success of the European Tachograph Regulation

- Drivers, Unions, Motor Carriers are in favour of the Regulation, because of its
- contribution to equal competitive conditions
- contribution to a better reputation of the transport business
- protection of the drivers from exploitation

## The Success of the European Tachograph Regulation

**0**

**200.000**

**400.000**

**600.000**

**800.000**

**1.000.000**

**1.200.000**

**1.400.000**

**1965**

**1970**

**1975**

**1980**

**1985**

**1990**

**TRUCKS **

**PASSENGER CARS**

- km / accident

**Kilometers travelled per accident with personal injury in Germany**

##  The Benefits of the AccidentData Recorder

-  The Benefits of the AccidentData Recorder

- Accident Analysis and Reconstruction
- Accident Prevention

## Accident Analysis

- _Situation:_
- The driver coming from the left is accusing the driver coming from the right that:
-  He was driving too fast
-  He was turning on the right indicator

- Intersection Accident

## Accident Analysis

## Accident Prevention

- 5 Years of Experiences
- In Fleets Significant Accident Reduction
- Examples: Police of Berlin
-                      EU-Project SAMOVAR
- International Project: Young Drivers
- Pre-Crash Phase Analysis

##  US Experiences with On-board Computers

-  US Experiences with On-board Computers

- Regulatory Background:
- since 1988 HRS is allowed in lieu of handwritten records of duty status (grids)
- The Market Penetration of HRS
- 300.000 Units are installed
- No Overwiew on usage for duty status available

## Case Study: Bridgeport Fleet of Laidlaw Inc.

- Laidlaw Inc. is largest Contractor Operator of  School Bus Fleets.
- 50 % of its Bridgeport Fleet were fitted with On-board Computers, supplied by VDO NA
- A Field Test of 6 Months was conducted

## Results of Laidlaw Field Test

- Reduction of Accidents and Cost
- Fleet Management Control restored
- The Investment pays back twice

##  Recommendations to the US Transportation Policy

-  Recommendations to the US Transportation Policy

-  The Situation of Accidents with Trucks 	involved in USA
- The Climate for Mandating HRS in USA
-  Digression: NAFTA
-  Conclusions

##  The Situation of Accidents with Trucks involved in USA

-  The Situation of Accidents with Trucks involved in USA

- In 1997 new High of the Decade of Fatalties
- 90% of the Accidents by Human Errors
- Driving Fatique and Speeding Major Factors
- Driver Behaviors need Modification

## The Situation of Accidents with Trucks involved in USA

- “ One out of eight traffic fatalities in 1997 resulted from a collision involving a large truck. ”
- NHTSA, Traffic Safety Facts 1997

##  The Climate for Mandating HRS in USA

-  The Climate for Mandating HRS in USA

- There are Two Points of View:
- The Motor Carriers campain against it and point at the Decrease of Trucks involved in Fatal Accidents measured in Miles driven.
- NTSB puts the Fitting of Recording Equipment on its Most Wanted List of Safety Improvements

## NTSB’s Most Wanted List:

-  “Require automated / tamper-proof on-board recording devices such as tachographs or computerized logs to identify commercial truck drivers who exceed hours of service regulations.”

##  Digression: NAFTA

-  Digression: NAFTA

- Beginning 1st. January 2000 Trucks from Mexico will travel throughout the Country
- New Competitive Challenge
- Technical and Social Conditions will differ

##  Conclusions

-  Conclusions

- The Contribution of HRS to Road Safety is Proven
- The Intrinsic Mechanisms are
- give the Driver a “feed-back” on his driving style
- give the Management a Tool to train Drivers
- give the Authorities a Means for Enforcement

## Summary

-    The best Summary  I can give is quoting Congressman Frank R. Wolf:
- 	 “ This must be our goal: a reduction in both actual and per-vehicle-mile deaths on our highways. We are talking about real people - not just statistics. ”