# Presentation: 656255

## FAA New Technologies Workshop III

**FAA New Technologies Workshop III**
**9 January 2007**
**“****Making Ground Based Landing Systems **
**a Reality”**
**Keith McPherson****	****	**
**Manager GNSS**

## Provide harmonious integration of navigation and surveillance systems to provide air space solutions that deliver safe and cost effective seamless gate to gate flight operations to all stakeholders

**What are we trying to do?**

**Provide harmonious integration of navigation and surveillance systems to provide air space solutions that deliver safe and cost effective seamless gate to gate flight operations to all stakeholders**
**Reduce controlled flights into terrain**
**Improve vertical navigation**
**Why?**

## Controlled Flight Into Terrain Accident Locations(US statistics, none available for Australia)

## Relative Locations of Controlled Flights Into Terrain 

**Lockhart River Accident**

## Regional Example

- On 7 May 2005, a Fairchild Metroliner, with two pilots and 13 passengers, was on a scheduled passenger service from Bamaga to Cairns via **Lockhart River**, Qld.

**Regional Example**

- Simulation from Flight Data Recorder information

**Notes:**
At that point in the approach, the min obstacle clearance altitude was 2,060 ft 
Wreckage found at an altitude of 1,210 ft
Scalloping below clouds is common practice

Studies conducted in the United States to quantify the risk reduction of introducing precision approaches (vertical guidance) found that approximately 141 accidents could have been prevented over a 20 year period, and more than 250 lives could be saved. Similar reports indicate sixty percent of ‘Controlled Flight Into Terrain’ (CFIT) occur at non precision approach airports. Whilst these statistics do not directly relate to the Australian environment, they indicate the potential safety implications within our region. 

## Aircraft was well established on GPS centreline, but 850 feet below published flight path at impact point.GRAS provides the vertical guidance required, but pilots must trust their instruments

**From:  INTERIM FACTUAL AVIATION SAFETY INVESTIGATION REPORT 200501977**

## Slide 7

## Mount Gambier, SA

**Accident Site**

**Mt Gambier Airport**

**Extended Centre Line**

**Mount Gambier, SA**
**10 December 2001**

## What have we done?

**What have we done?**

- 71% of the world’s airports are Cat-I (IATA)
- The world has been waiting for 15 years for GBAS Cat-I
- Industry had LAAS SCAT-I capability in 1992/93
- But international STANDARDS were missing
- US (FAA) brought GBAS Cat-I SARPs to ICAO
- Once approved, there was an expectation the system would become available immediately – didn’t happen due to integrity issues
- Qantas took delivery of 9 B737-NGs with GBAS Cat-I avionics
- Drove Airservices to look at investing to make the system happen

## Technology Overview

**Technology Overview**

**Regional Airport**

**Sydney Airport**

- Guided Departures
-  Situational Awareness
-  Accurate departure tracks
-  Environmental saving

- Increased Integrity
- Supports ADS-B - accurate surveillance
- Assists UPR & UPT
- Mixed Mode operation with RNP

-  Increased safety, accuracy & integrity
-  More efficient approaches
-  Reduced infrastructure & real estate
-  Increased Guided missed approaches

***GRAS Transmitters***

*GRAS 250ft*

*GBAS 200ft*

*NPA 400-600ft*

*GBAS is a precision landing system*

- GRAS enroute & *regional *approach system

## GBAS System

**GBAS System**

**Ground**
**Based **
**Augmentation**
**System**

**GBAS is Airport Based**
**GRAS Regional System**

-      **GBAS Features**
-  Replaces ILS
-  Covers all runway ends
-  Curved approaches
-  Terrain Issues
-  Environmental
-  Guided missed
-    approaches
-  Guided departures
-  Reduced real estate
-  More stability
-  Less signal Interference
-  Less maintenance

**One GBAS supports all runways within 23 nmiles (eg Sydney and Bankstown)**

## GNSS Operational Benefits

- Angled Approach

- Straight Approach

- Sectored Approach

- Parallel Approach

- Curved Approach

- Runways

- Terrain Restrictions

- Guided Departures

- Community Noise Concerns

- GRAS and GBAS provide
- Vertical Guidance and
- Flexible approaches

## GBAS Cat-1 Sydney

**GBAS Cat-1 Sydney**

## The “Hook” at Sydney airport extending into Botany Bay

**GLS Facility Shelter**

**VHF Data Link Antenna**

**GPS Reference Receiver Antennas**

## QANTAS:

**QANTAS:**
**First B737-NGs with operational GBAS Cat-I**
**First full fleet fitment of GLS**
**Lead customer for GLS on A-380s**

## Beta GBAS Cat-I in Australia

**Beta GBAS Cat-I in Australia**

**28 Aug 05:  **Decision to go ahead
**29 Oct 05:****	**First test flight by Qantas (Intermittent trials for 12 mths)
**31 Oct 06:****	**CASA approved Qantas to fly the GBAS Cat-1
**	**** ***(CASA Instrument 399/06)*
*	** **Must use Honeywell Beta+ GBAS facility*
***	****** ****Only usable by Qantas pilots in accordance with Qantas trial*
*	** **May fly below RTCC lowest altitude if:*
*	**	**Ceiling is at least 3000 feet above terrain*
*	**	**Flight crew has runway threshold in sight*
**03 Nov 06:****	**CASA approved Airservices to commence transmissions
**23 Nov 06:****	**Go live date
- 	*Other airlines with suitably equipped and approved GBAS* *avionics may apply for approval to use the approaches*

## ICAO Compliant GBAS Cat-I in Australia

**ICAO Compliant GBAS Cat-I in Australia**

- Airservices Australia contracted Honeywell International to bring an ICAO compliant GBAS Cat-I to completion – signed 10 Apr 06
- Approximately 22 months to complete RTCA DO-178B/278 compliant software – approximately 6 months of certification
- Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority involved from Day 1
- Aim is to have CASA approve Part 171 change to allow operation of completed system by mid 2008
- Technical Cooperation Agreement signed with the FAA (Feb 06) to share information, staff and procedures

## ICAO Compliant GBAS Cat-I in Australia

**ICAO Compliant GBAS Cat-I in Australia**

- Building and certifying to FAA Doc 2937A – some areas will be non compliant due to Australian laws eg. fire and intruder alarms must not be part of system but completely separate
- System will enable elliptical or horizontal polarised broadcasts
- FAA plans to issue System Design Approval for the ground station only as a “Non-Fed” system using Memphis
- Once SDA achieved, system migrates to Australia for the full Part 171 operational approval program
- Operational Approval involves ground station, site surveys, maintenance plans, logistics plans, flight inspection plans, pilot training, pilot licensing, ATC training

## Qantas has 9 x B737-800s with GBAS avionics

- Approval gained 22 Dec 06 to retrofit other 24 x B737s
- Qantas 20 x A380s will come fitted with GBAS avionics
- All new Boeing aircraft will be fitted with GBAS avionics
- (including B787s (2007), B747-8s (2009)
- B777-200/300 Block 2 avionics or above are candidates for retrofitting – growing demand from airlines for B777 retrofit
- Airbus aircraft has GBAS avionics as an option on future buys

## Availability

*	**Hardware and software as presented for certification but awaiting certification*
- Red Labels into Memphis, Sydney, Bremen, Malaga late 2007
- Red Label will be upgraded to black label if no changes during certification
- Black Label GBAS Cat-I available 1st quarter 2009

**Availability**

## Unexpected Outcomes

- The synergy between Performance Based Navigation (RNP) and GBAS
- Challenge of designing approaches to transition between an RNP approach and a Precision Approach or Approach with Vertical Guidance
- Renewed interest in GBAS Cat-I
- International Requests For Proposals and Requests for Expressions of Interest already issued for GBAS Cat-I systems
- Outstanding relationship developed between FAA and Airservices Australia GBAS staff and senior management for certification and operational approval of GBAS

**Unexpected Outcomes**

## Slide 22

## GRAS

**GRAS**

- Phase 1 System Design started 2005
- Phase 2 - Full development contract signed with Honeywell 10 Apr 06
- APV-I (0.999 availability) will be achieved in low density areas
- APV-I (0.9999 availability) will be achieved in high density areas
- APV-II was assessed and the benefit gained was considered not worth the additional investment
- ICAO only requires APV-I
- GRAS SARPs Applicability Date 23 Nov 06
- Operational Approval December 2008 (planned)

## MOPS cater for high end aircraft, regional, charter and general aviation 

**GRAS Avionics**

- RTCA GRAS MOPS (Avionics) now in penultimate draft
*To commence Final Review and Comments (FRAC) Jan 07*
- MOPS cater for high end aircraft, regional, charter and general aviation
- Queensland University of Technology PhD students are building a General Aviation low cost aircraft GRAS receiver

## GBAS/GRAS Synergies

**GBAS/GRAS Synergies**

- One set of ICAO SARPs covers both GBAS and GRAS
- GBAS and GRAS capability in the one avionics, not separate systems
- The synergy between GBAS and GRAS avionics is so close that the combination provides a cost effective solution to augmentation
- Provides vertical guidance for regional, charter and general aviation
- Airservices Australia and Honeywell are forging ahead with GBAS Cat-1 and GRAS development and certification

## Summary Plan

***Sydney Demonstration GBAS***
**GBAS Software Development**
***GRAS software Development***
*Phase 1 – Definition*
*Phase 2 – Development and Certification*
***Production***
***Operational & Deployment***
***GBAS Aircraft  ***
***GRAS Avionics***
* *

**CY07**

**CY08**

**CY05**

**CY06**

**Submit **
**Certification docs**

**IOC**

**First passenger**
**flight**

**PDR**

**SLS-4000 Beta**
**To Sydney**

**CDR**

**Summary Plan**

**27/10**

**27/1**

**TRR**

**14/10**

**PDR**
**HW**

**CDR**

**25/10**

**PDR**
**SW**

**SDA**

**30/4**

**23/11**

**CY09**

**Certification**

- B737-800

- A380

- A320

- A340

- B787

- B747-8

- 171 Certification

- Safety Case

- Procedure

- Tech Cert

- Remote Monitor

- Standards

- Hon MMR

- Low Cost
- Avionics

- Prototype

- Full Production

**Certification**

## Thank you

**Thank you**