# Presentation: 144296

## CAP Vehicle Familiarization Course 

## OBJECTIVE

- TO BECOME FAMILIAR WITH THE DAILY OPERATIONS OF CIVIL AIR PATROL VEHICLES

## SUBJECTS

- 1. CAP REGULATIONS AND FORMS
- 2. POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
- 3. KENTUCKY STATE LAWS
- 4. VEHICLE PERFORMANCE
- 5. WEATHER/ROAD CONDITIONS
- 6. GOOD PRACTICE OF SAFETY HABITS

## CAP REGULATIONS

- 62-2 MISHAP REPORTING AND INVESTIGATION
- 77-1 OPERATION and MAINTENANCE of CAP VEHICLES
- 900-5 The CAP INSURANCE/BENEFITS PROGRAM

## CAPR 62-2

**4. CAP Mishap Notification Procedures:**
**a. ****The unit or activity commander will immediately notify the ****Wing commander**** and ****Wing Safety officer**** in accordance with the procedures outlined in the Wing’s accident reporting procedures when any mishap occurs during a CAP activity**.

## CAPR 77-1

- OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF CIVIL AIR PATROL VEHICLES
- This regulation outlines policies relating to vehicle acquisitions, definitions, ownership, maintenance, wing/unit responsibilities, forms, and reports for Civil Air Patrol (CAP) vehicles. It explains necessary operator qualification and defines prudent use. These procedures ensure acceptable vehicle appearance, maintenance, accountability, and operation standards throughout CAP. Additional guidance is found in CAPR 67-1, Civil Air Patrol Supply Regulation. Note: This regulation revises/consolidates CAPR 77-1 and CAPR 900-7 in their entirety.

## CAPR 77-1cont’d

**1. Definitions. **
**a. **CAP owned vehicle (COV). Any wheel-mounted vehicle or trailer for highway or land use, owned by and titled in the name of Civil Air Patrol.

## CAPR 77-1 cont’d

**5. Licenses/Drivers’ Records (not applicable to CAP employees). Vehicle operators will: **
**a****. **Operate COVs in strict compliance with federal, state, commonwealth, local laws, regulations, and ordinances governing the operation of motor vehicles.
**b. **Possess both a valid state driver’s license (copy to be filed with CAP member’s personnel record) and a CAPF 75, CAP Motor Vehicle Operator Identification Card, (Attachment 4) certified and signed by the Region Commander/Logistics officer/Wing Commander, Logistics officer, or Transportation officer.
**c. **Obtain a CAPF 75 by furnishing the issuing authority a current copy of member’s state driver’s record showing any driving infractions incurred within the last 2 years..

## CAPR 77-1 cont’d

**6. Vehicle Operators and Authorized Passengers. **
**a. **Members 21 years of age or older, who are properly licensed to operate specific vehicle types according to applicable local and state laws and possess a valid CAPF 75, are permitted to operate COVs or TUVs.
- Kentucky policy must be 25 years of age.

## CAPR 77-1 cont’d

**8. Safety. **
**a. **Prior to use, the first vehicle operator of the day will perform a safety check on COVs or TUVs using CAPF 73. Any item(s) on the daily inspection checklist that are not in safe working order must be repaired before the vehicle is used for any CAP mission/activity.
**b. **The stenciling of proper tire pressure recommended by the vehicle manufacturer on the wheel hub or the placement of 1 inch numbers on the bottom of fender above tire indicating proper tire inflation on COVs is permitted and recommended.
**d. **The use of seat belts or seat belt/shoulder harness combination is mandatory.

## CAPR 77-1

**9. COV Maintenance. **
**a. **The CAP vehicle maintenance program provides for optimum use of vehicles at the lowest possible cost and assures maximum readiness and capability to perform designated functions efficiently and safely.

## CAPR 77-1 cont’d

**10. COV Appearance, Identification, and Marking. **
**c. **Vehicles are to be cleaned monthly and waxed once a year.

## CAP FORMS

- CAPF-73 CAP VEHICLE INSPECTION and USEAGE DATA
- CAPF-75 CAP MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATOR IDENTIFICATION CARD
- CAPF-78 MISHAP REPORT FORM
- CAPF-79 CAP MISHAP INVESTIGATION FORM

## FORM 73

## CAP F75

- These are issued thru Logistics
- To apply for one you will need a current status check of your Kentucky operators License sent to Logistics

## CAPF-78 Mishap Reporting

## CAPF-79 Investigation

## 900-510. CAP's Vehicle Liability Insurance: 

- a. CAP Owned Vehicles. CAP’s vehicle liability policy provides protection for CAP and CAP members driving CAP owned vehicles

## 900-512 SECTION C—AIR FORCE-ASSIGNED MISSIONS LIABILITY COVERAGE

**b. CAP Vehicle Liability. The ****FTCA ****will provide liability protection to CAP and CAP members arising out of the use of CAP owned vehicles or CAP member owned/furnished vehicles while such operation or use is on an Air Force assigned mission. Travel to and from Air Force-assigned missions is also covered by both ****FTCA**** and ****FECA****. See CAPRs 60-3 and 77-1 for further guidance.**
**c. Damage to CAP Owned or Member Owned/Furnished Aircraft or Vehicles. ****The Air Force assumes no responsibility for damage or loss to CAP owned or member owned/furnished aircraft or vehicles used on Air Force-assigned missions. Members are encouraged to furnish their own hull coverage or collision insurance for protection.**
- .

## INSERT WINGS STATE LAW

- Kentucky Revised Statues
- (KRS) Chapter 189.00
- Classroom discussion

- _[http://www.lrc.state.ky.us/KRS/189-00/CHAPTER.HTM](http://www.lrc.state.ky.us/KRS/189-00/CHAPTER.HTM)__  _

## KENTUCKY STATE LAWS CONT’D

- KRS CHAPTER 189
- .030 Time when lights must be on
- .040 Front Lights---Flashing Lights
- .050 Rear, side and clearance Lights
- .055 Brake Lights
- 0125 Requirements of use of seat belts and child restraints systems--Exceptions

## KENTUCKY STATE LAWS CONT’D

- .300 Vehicles to keep to right
- .340 Overtaking vehicles--Traffic lanes—Following vehicles
- .390 Speeding--Parking
- .394 Fines for speeding--Doubling of fines in highway work zone
- .450 Stopping, standing, or repairing vehicles on roadway or shoulders of highway

## PRE-TRIP INSPECTIONS

- CAPF 73 is a checklist
- This checklist covers the necessary items to insure for a safe start of the day
- This inspection is to be done each and every day the vehicle is to be operated

## FOLLOW THE CAPF 73 CHECKLIST

- FOLLOW THE CAPF 73 CHECKLIST
- FOLLOW THE CAPF 73 CHECKLIST
- FOLLOW THE CAPF 73 CHECKLIST
- THE FOLLOWING ANOUCEMENT WAS BROUGHT TO YOU BY YOUR LOCAL DIRECTOR OF OPERATIONS

## CAP Policies

- Drive CAP vehicles with Headlights on
- Check tire pressure routinely
- Van drivers must stay below posted speed limit
- Drivers must be 25 years of age
- Seatbelts are Mandatory
- THESE ARE NATIONAL, REGIONAL, and or WING POLICIES

## PRE-TRIP PLANNING

- When “Planning a Long Distance Trip” consider the following things:
- ROUTE/MAP shortcuts may not always be beneficial to your Trip examples -multiple traffic lights or narrow curvy roads
- MILEAGE total miles start to finish
- DELAYS (Construction/Weather/Traffic)
- FUEL MILEAGE (mpg) miles per gallon and size of FUEL TANK
- STOPS/BREAKS for fuel and rest

## LOADING PROCEDURESweight and balance

- Proper loading is critical for the handling of the vehicle while in motion
- It can contribute to a rough ride as well as a dangerous situation
- Each vehicle will have its own cargo space  become familiar with any weight restriction or penalties: consult the Operators Handbook

## LOADING PROCEDURES cont’dweight and balance

- Driver plus Passengers, Baggage/Cargo and Fuel will make up the combined weight known as.....                      Example
- Empty Vehicle Weight (EVW)     4100 lb
- b.  Useful Load                  (1150)    875lb
- c. Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW)   4975lb
- d. Maximum (MGVW)         (275)  5250lb

## LOADING PROCEDURES CONT’DSECURING 

- SECURE ALL ITEMS USING: seatbelts, bungee cords or nylon straps
- Webb or weave items together

## ROAD HAZARDS

**The potential for road hazards are endless**
**Listed is some of the more common problems**
**Potholes**
**Curves/Blind Curves “mild to extreme”**
**Speed Bumps**
**Inclines/declines/Blind hills or valleys/Mountains **
**Construction Zones**
**Animals**

## ROAD HAZARDS cont’d

- Other vehicles
- Pedestrians/Crosswalks/Joggers
- Bicycles/Scooters/Skateboards
- Motorcycles
- Semis/Trucks
- Vehicles Towing Trailers
- Objects falling or being projected from other vehicles

## WEATHER CONDITIONS

- HAIL/SLEET pellets to softball size usually related with Thunderstorms
- RAIN light, moderate, or heavy
- SNOW blinding or whiteouts
- WIND strong or gusting
- BLACK ICE (unseen)
- CAUTION high profile vehicles are subjected to the possibility loss of control or being overturned

## WEATHER cont’d

- Driving Tips for Winter
- Bridges freeze before roadway
- Watch for slick conditions such as BLACK ICE very hard to see
- Mirror brackets will freeze first look for signs of ice cycles this will tell you if the roads are

## Weather cont’d

- Keep your speed down
- Keep your distance from  other vehicles
- Always steer into the skid
- Rear to the right steer right
- Rear to the left steer left

## MISHAPS

- MECHANICAL
- WEATHER
- PHYSIOLOGICAL
- NON COMPLIANT
- Concerns with 15 Passenger Vans

## 15 Passenger Van excerpt from NHTSA

**REDUCING THE RISK OF ROLLOVER CRASHES IN 15-PASSENGER VANS**
-  Fifteen-passenger vans typically have seating positions for a driver and 14 passengers. They are widely used by community organizations to take members on short trips and outings. Colleges use them to drive sports teams to intercollegiate games and vanpools use them for commuters. ** **
**What increases the risk of rollover crashes?**Recent research conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has found that the risk of a rollover crash is greatly increased when 10 or more people ride in a 15-passenger van. This increased risk occurs because the passenger weight raises the vehicle’s center of gravity and causes it to shift rearward. As a result, the van has less resistance to rollover and handles differently from other commonly driven passenger vehicles, making it more difficult to control in an emergency situation. Placing any load on the roof also raises the center of gravity and increases the likelihood of a rollover.
**What situations can cause a rollover?**A rollover crash is a complex event, heavily influenced by driver and road characteristics as well as the design of the vehicle. In studies of single-vehicle crashes, NHTSA has found that more than 90 percent of rollovers occur after a driver has lost control of the vehicle and has run off the road. Three major situations can lead to a rollover in a 15-passenger van.
- The van goes off a rural road. If this occurs, the van is likely to overturn when it strikes a ditch or embankment or when it is tripped by an object or runs onto soft soil.

| REDUCING THE RISK OF ROLLOVER CRASHES IN 15-PASSENGER VANS |
| --- |
|  
Fifteen-passenger vans typically have seating positions for a driver and 14 passengers. They are widely used by community organizations to take members on short trips and outings. Colleges use them to drive sports teams to intercollegiate games and vanpools use them for commuters. 

What increases the risk of rollover crashes?Recent research conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has found that the risk of a rollover crash is greatly increased when 10 or more people ride in a 15-passenger van. This increased risk occurs because the passenger weight raises the vehicle’s center of gravity and causes it to shift rearward. As a result, the van has less resistance to rollover and handles differently from other commonly driven passenger vehicles, making it more difficult to control in an emergency situation. Placing any load on the roof also raises the center of gravity and increases the likelihood of a rollover.
What situations can cause a rollover?A rollover crash is a complex event, heavily influenced by driver and road characteristics as well as the design of the vehicle. In studies of single-vehicle crashes, NHTSA has found that more than 90 percent of rollovers occur after a driver has lost control of the vehicle and has run off the road. Three major situations can lead to a rollover in a 15-passenger van.
The van goes off a rural road. If this occurs, the van is likely to overturn when it strikes a ditch or embankment or when it is tripped by an object or runs onto soft soil.   |

## 15 Passenger Van excerpt from NHTSA 

- The driver is fatigued or driving too fast for conditions. A tired driver can doze off and lose control. The driver can also lose control when traveling at a high speed causing the van to slide sideways off the road. The grassy or dirt medians that line highways can often cause the van to overturn when the tires dig into the dirt

## 15 Passenger Van excerpt from NHTSA

- The driver overcorrects the steering as a panic reaction to an emergency or to a wheel dropping off the pavement. Especially at freeway speeds, this situation can cause the driver to lose control, resulting in the van sliding sideways and rolling over

## 15 Passenger Van excerpt from NHTSA

**What can organizations do to protect their passengers?**Over the past decade, 80 percent of people killed in rollover crashes in 15-passenger vans were unbelted. Passengers can dramatically reduce their risk of being killed or seriously injured in a rollover crash by simply using their seat belts. Organizations that own 15-passenger vans should have a written seat belt use policy. Drivers should be responsible for enforcing the policy.
- Seat belt use is especially critical because large numbers of people die in rollover crashes when they are partially or completely thrown from the vehicle

## 15 Passenger Van excerpt from NHTSA 

- NHTSA estimates that people who wear their seat belts are about 75 percent less likely to be killed in a rollover crash than people who don’t.
**Does an experienced driver make a difference?**Significant differences in the design and handling characteristics of a 15-passenger van make it drive differently from other passenger vehicles. Therefore, an organization that owns a 15-passenger van should select one or two experienced drivers to drive the van on a regular basis. These drivers will gain valuable experience handling the van. This experience will help make each trip a safe one

## MISHAP cont’d

- SITUATIONAL AWARENESS (AS)
-  What is happening around you is very vital to know when:
- Reacting to a failure or emergency
- Be proactive and the outcome will be a better one

## PHYSICAL IMSAFE

- ILLNESS
- MEDICATION
- STRESS
- ALCOHOL
- FATIGUE
- EMOTION

## NON COMPLIANT

- IGNORING or DISOBEYING SIGNAGE
- TRAFFIC SIGNALS
- SPEEDING
- WEAVING THROUGH TRAFFIC
- DRIVING TO CLOSE TO VEHICLE (TAILGATING)
- POOR JUDGMENT

## EMERGENCIES

- Engine failure
- Tire deflation
- Drive train
- Brakes
- SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

## TROUBLE SHOOTING

- ENGINE WILL NOT CRANK OR TURNOVER possible problem
- BATTERY-loose or dirty cable connectors –low or dead battery several options replace battery, and or battery cables and or clean and tighten connections
- STARTER SOLENOID-faulty or loose connections replace starter and or tighten connections

## TROUBLE SHOOTING cont’d

- ENGINE CRANKS BUT WILL NOT RUN possible problem
- FUEL-starvation-fuel pump replace fuel pump and or lines
- IGNITION-coil, distributor, spark plugs or wires replace defected item (s) NOTE spark plugs can be cleaned and micrometer also known as gapping
- AIR-air filter or foreign object blocking air intake

## TROUBLE SHOOTING CONT’D

- WHEN ENGAGING AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION VEHICLE WILL NOT MOVE OR MOVES SLOWLY POSSIBLE PROBLEM
- TRANSMISSION FLUID-low quantity, burnt or transmission filter needs to be changed
- BRAKES-check emergency brake is released

## TROUBLE SHOOTING CONT’D

- SOME OF THE MENTIONED SYMPTONS MAY ALSO BE SIGNS OF MAJOR PROBLEMS
- IN DEALING WITH PROBLEMS USE THE SIMPLEST SOLUTION FIRST THEN MOVE ON TO THE NEXT MORE COMPLEX SOLUTION remember Civil Air Patrol has a small budget

## POST TRIP INSPECTION

- BEING A SEARCH AND RESCUE ORGANIZATION WE NEED TO BE READY TO BE ACTIVATED AT A MOMENTS NOTICE THIS INCLUDES ALL ASSETS SO WHEN YOU ARE FINISHED USING THE VEHICLE MAKE SURE THAT IT IS CLEAN, FUELED AND READY TO GO.

## POST TRIP INSPECTION cont’d

- TAKE NOTE OF ANY DISCREPENCIES
- REPORT ANY DISCREPENCEIES TO YOUR UNIT COMMANDER or designee
- MAKE REPAIRS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE TO HAVE THE VEHICLE READY FOR THE NEXT MISSION

## 	Miscellaneous

- Know the height of the vehicle...Bridges
- Remember most of these vans have many radios and the overall height of the antennas must be known...Garages
- When driving a large vehicle remember to use everything to your advantage to maneuver around and through obstacles
- Drive as if your life depended on it...it does

## SUMMARY

- How to pre-inspect, load, and secure the vehicle.
- Plan a route
- Maintain and troubleshoot vehicle
- How to operate vehicle in different types of conditions
- How the trip should not only end but help prepare for the next

## Test	

- What FORM request to be filled out when operating a vehicle daily?
- What regulation covers the insurance?
- Who needs to be contacted in the event of a mishap?

## TEST

- What is a CAPF 75 used for?
- Who is responsible for the safety of the vehicle?
- What department issues CAPF 75’s?
- What might make an engine not start?

## Test

- If the rear of the vehicle is skidding to the right which way does the steering wheel need to be turned?
- What causes a vehicle such as a 15 passenger van to rollover?
- What is the importance of an inspection?

## Answer

- CAPF 73
- CAPR 900-5
- Wing Commander and Wing Safety Officer
- Permission to drive a CAP vehicle
- The Driver
- Logistics
- Ignition, Fuel, or lack of oxygen

## Answer

- Center of gravity is raised, the driver loses control, the vehicle leaves the highway and depending on what is hit or how the driver reacts (over corrects) to put the vehicle back on the road
- SAFETY