# Presentation: 191231

## 
How do you decide if corporate body, person, or title should be the main entry?
What is the purpose of a uniform title? 
How and when is a uniform title assigned?
What types of qualifiers are used for uniform titles? 

- How do you decide if corporate body, person, or title should be the main entry?
- What is the purpose of a uniform title?
- How and when is a uniform title assigned?
- What types of qualifiers are used for uniform titles?

- Session 4 : Main Entry and Uniform Titles

**Notes:**
References
The trainer may want to consult the following documents for this session.

CONSER Cataloging Manual: Modules 4-5
CONSER Editing Guide: 100-111,130,240,700-711
AACR2 21.1B2/LCRI
LCRI 25.5B

## Main Entry and Serials

- The heading can be a corporate body, conference, jurisdiction, personal name, title, or uniform title
- Choice of entry is important because:
-    - It affects listings in single-entry files (check-in, etc.)
-   - It is a determining factor in major changes

**Notes:**
Personal name main entry is not commonly used for serials. The person would have to be solely responsible for the serial in order to justify entry under that person.

##  Y

-               Is
-     there a named
-   corporate body?

-        Does the
-   serial emanate
-   from the body?

-   Does it fall
-  into a category
-   of  21.1B2?

- Enter under the body

-  Y

- N

- Enter under title

-      Is there a
-   person solely
-     responsible?

-          Is a
-  uniform title
-   necessary?

- Enter under the person

- N

- Y

- N

- N

- Y

- Y

**Main Entry Decision Process**

**Notes:**
Instructors note: This slide is a good time to say that what will mainly be covered in this session is whether a serial falls under a category of 21.1B2 and whether a uniform title is necessary. In terms of main entry, the most common decision will be whether to enter the serial under corporate body or title.  Be sure to say that the most common form of entry will be under title. This would be a good place to use a pointer.

Possible points to be made:
Whether or not a corporate body is named or unnamed relates to the way in which it is presented, such as use of the definite article and capitalization. 
If a publisher’s role is solely that of publishing a serial, it is not given as main entry.
A serial emanates from a body if it is issued by the body, if it is caused to be issued by the body, or the contents originate with the body. A serial does not emanate from a body if it is only the subject of the serial.
Personal names are rarely chosen as main entry for serials. A serial is only entered under a person’s name when no corporate body is responsible for the serial or when the serial is unlikely to continue without the person.

## Does the Serial Fall into a Category of AACR2 21.1B2?

- A serial is entered under the body when:
- it is about the body (**A**)
- it is a special type of legal publication (B)
- it contains the opinion of the body (**C**)
- it reports the collective activity of a conference, etc. (**D**)
- it is the results of the activity of a performing group whose responsibility goes beyond performance (E)
- it is cartographic material of corporate body whose responsibility goes beyond publication or distribution (F)

**Notes:**
Most serials which are entered under corporate main entry follow under 21.1B2 categories A, C, and D.
Under AACR2, serials are much more likely to be entered under title than had been true with earlier catalog codes. Many serials do not deal with the corporate body that issues them and thus, according to AACR2 21.1B2 and 21.1C1, are entered under title.

##  21.1B2  Category A

- Includes serials that are of an “administrative nature” and contain information that is about a body’s activities or its internal operations
- Most serials entered under a body fall into this category
- In case of doubt, enter under title.

**Notes:**
The trainer may find it helpful to bring more examples of titles that meet the criteria of category A. Look also at LCRI 21.1B2.

## FINANCIAL REPORT

-               **COVER**

**Notes:**
Serials that fall under Category A are often annual reports, staff or membership directories, financial reports, and internal procedure manuals.

## Newsletters

- Deciding if a newsletter falls under Category A can be difficult:
- 	- Does it contain information about the body?
-     - Is there material not directly related to the body?
- The first issue is often misleading because it may focus on introducing the body

## LiNK

**The****	****	****	****	****Number 2****	****Winter 1994**
**LiNK**
**   ****Newsletter of the University of Nebraska – Lincoln Libraries****                   **

-  The sole purpose of the* Link* is to report
-  news of the Libraries and its staff.
-  The *Link* falls under Category A.

**Notes:**
When deciding if a newsletter follows under Category A, consider any statements of its purpose. The Link only reports on activities of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries.

## NEWSLETTER OF THE

- ARCHIVES OF AMERICAN ART
**SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION**
**VOL. 1 NO. 1                                                                                SPRING 1992**

- “The purpose of this publication is to provide information about matters likely to be of particular interest to this community – new publications, forthcoming seminars, the completion of special Archives projects, work in progress, etc.”
- This newsletter does not fall into Category A.

**Notes:**
The purpose of the Newsletter of the Archives of American art is provide information on archives of American art not necessarily report on the activities of the Smithsonian Institution.

## Audit Reports

- Enter a financial audit report under the name of the agency being audited even though it may be prepared by another body.
-    110 2    Nebraska Educational Telecommunication Commission.
-      245 10  Audit report of Nebraska Educational  	  	 	     Telecommunication Commission / $c prepared by  	 	     Auditor of Public Accounts.
-      710 1    Nebraska. $b Auditor of Public Accounts.

**Notes:**
If the report doesn’t fit category a of 21.1B2, enter under title.

## 21.1B2  Category C

- Includes serials that “report the collective thought of the body”
- In applying this category, consider the overall purpose of the publication and consider the body’s function

**Notes:**
This category rarely applies to serials. The trainer may find it helpful to bring more examples of titles that meet the criteria of category C.

If the report is by a consultant and the consultant is a corporate body, then test the serial in the context of that consulting body.

## TRANSPORT

- OF
- DANGEROUS GOODS
- Fifth revised edition
-  Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous  Goods
- UNITED NATIONS
- New York, 1988

-       TITLE PAGE

**Notes:**
Category C often applies to committee reports that are regularly issued and contain the committee’s opinions/recommendations. The above report comes out biennially and is issued as revised editions.

## 21.1B2  Category D

- Serials that “report the collective activity of a conference, of an expedition, or of an event”
- Do not enter a serial under a conference heading when the serial contains only a separate report presented at the conference
- Conference can be main entry if it is named in the item—does not have to be prominent

**Notes:**
The trainer may find it helpful to bring more examples of titles that meet the criteria of category D.

Note that 21.1B2d has been changed to allow entry under a conference named in the item, not just on the chief source or preliminaries.

Exhibition catalogs can be serials when the exhibition is held on a regular basis.  

## Conference Publications

- Named vs. unnamed conference (LCRI 21.1B1)
- A conference must have a name to be set up as a heading
- Some or all of the words begin with capital letters
- The definite article (the, le, etc.) is used with the name rather than the indefinite article (a, un, etc.)

## Conference Publications

- 111 2    Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications.
- 245 10  Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications :
-              $b [proceedings] / $c sponsored by IEEE Computer
-              Society, in cooperation with American Association for
-             Artificial Intelligence.

**Unnamed**

- 245 02   A conference on forestry management held at the
-               Society’s house [i.e., the Royal Society of Arts] in John
-              Adam Street, London, on Tuesday 25 November 1975.
- 710 2    Royal Society of Arts.

**Named**

## Title Main Entry

- Enter a serial under title:
- 	- when there is no responsible corporate body or person
- 	- when the serial does not emanate from a  body
- 	- when none of the 21.1B2 categories apply to the serial
- The majority of serials will be entered under title

## 	Computer Vision

**  ****Volume 82, Number 1**
**  ****April 2001**
- 	Computer Vision
- 	and Image
- 	Understanding
**Chief Editor**
**Avinsh C. Kak**
**Area Editors**
**Yiannis Aloimonsos**
**Andrew Blake**
-                   	         **ACADEMIC PRESS**

-                     **COVER**

**Notes:**
No corporate body or person is responsible for Computer vision and image understanding. Academic Press’ sole purpose is to publish the serial. Kak, Aloimonsos, and Blake are editors.

## Is a Uniform Title Necessary?

- Once a decision has been made on the choice of main entry, the cataloger must decide if a uniform title is necessary.
- For serials, uniform titles are used:
- to distinguish serials with the same title or catalog entry (25.5B and its LCRI)
- for translations and language editions to bring together different versions of the same serial (25.5C) (covered in Session 9)
- Uniform titles created according to 25.5B consist of the title proper ($a, $n, $p) and a qualifier

**Notes:**
Instructor’s note: Tell workshop attendees that the following four slides illustrate when a uniform title is used.

Also note that uniform titles are also used for laws and treaties. Legal materials are not covered in this course.

## When to Assign Uniform Titles (AACR2 25.5B)

- The title proper of a serial is identical to the title proper of another serial (including titles represented by series authority records)
-    130 0   Bulletin (Alaska Agricultural Experiment 		      Station)
-   	 130 0   Bulletin (Colorado Geological Survey)
-      130 0  Bulletin (East of Scotland College of  	 	       	     Agriculture)

## The serial has the same corporate main entry and title proper as another serial.

110 2    Missouri Highway and Transportation 	 	 	  Commission.
245 10  Annual report.    [Published 1981; different title published 1982-83]

110 2    Missouri Highway and Transportation 	 	  	  Commission.
240 10  Annual report (1983)
245 10  Annual report.   

- The serial has the same corporate main entry and title proper as another serial.
- 110 2    Missouri Highway and Transportation 	 	 	  Commission.
- 245 10  Annual report.    [Published 1981; different title published 1982-83]
- 110 2    Missouri Highway and Transportation 	 	  	  Commission.
- 240 10  Annual report (1983)
- 245 10  Annual report.

- When to Assign Uniform Titles

**Notes:**
Uniform titles are added to serials entered under corporate body main entry only in the rare cases where both the body and titles are the same.  This happens when the title changes back to an earlier title.  Date is usually the only qualifier used and the uniform title is given in field 240.  The cataloger should not go back and add a uniform title to the earlier serial.

## The physical medium of a serial has changed 
245 00  Consumer news & reviews.
580       Continued by online version with the same title.
785 10  $t Consumer news & reviews (Online)
		            Continued by:
130 0    Consumer news & reviews (Online)
245 10  Consumer news & reviews $h [electronic 		      resource].
580       Continues the print version with the same title.
780 10  $t Consumer news & reviews

Or, serial is also issued in electronic form with same title 

- The physical medium of a serial has changed
- 245 00  Consumer news & reviews.
- 580       Continued by online version with the same title.
- 785 10  $t Consumer news & reviews (Online)
- 		            **Continued by**:
- 130 0    Consumer news & reviews (Online)
- 245 10  Consumer news & reviews $h [electronic 		      resource].
- 580       Continues the print version with the same title.
- 780 10  $t Consumer news & reviews
- Or, serial is also issued in electronic form with same title

- When to Assign Uniform Titles

**Notes:**
 Note that in the above example that the paper format has ceased and been replaced by an online resource. The formats are not being published simultaneously.

Uniform titles are also used for electronic resource serials that are published in other formats when the titles are the same or the same as another serial, per LCRI 25.5B.

## When to Assign Uniform Titles

- The section title begins with an article.
- 130 0     Trade policy review. $p Republic of Peru.
- 245 10   Trade policy review. $p The Republic of Peru.

**Notes:**
This is needed for retrieval because there is no way to ignore the article in the subfield $p as we can do in subfield $a with the use of the 2nd indicator.

## When Not to Assign Uniform Titles

- When the titles aren’t exactly the same
- Don’t predict a conflict
- Don’t add a uniform title to an already cataloged title
- Don’t add a uniform title to a pre-AACR2 record
- Don’t add a uniform title to a hard-copy reprint or a microform reproduction of the same title to distinguish the reprint or reproduction from the original

**Notes:**
A uniform title is created only when the title in hand is identical to another title found in the catalog or when you know of the existence of another serial with the same title from other sources consulted.  If an identical title is not found do not assign a uniform title.

## Choice of Qualifier (LCRI 25.5B)

- Titles can be qualified by place and/or date of publication, corporate body, frequency, etc.
- No prescribed priority for choosing qualifier, except for generic titles. Place is often used because change in place does not require a new record
- Remember:  uniform titles are meant to distinguish like titles, not help identify serials.

**Notes:**
Mention here that some catalogers would like to see the qualifier be more meaningful to users. They would like to see corporate bodies used as qualifiers more often. A change in the body used as a qualifier means a new record. A change in place used as a qualifier does not mean a new record.  There will, not doubt, be further discussion on qualifiers in the future!

## 	     130 0   Chalk talk (Lincoln, Neb.)

Give the place of publication of the earliest issue (i.e., the place listed in the 260).
Use the place’s established form of name as qualifier
Separate higher jurisdiction from the city by a comma rather than parentheses

- Give the place of publication of the earliest issue (i.e., the place listed in the 260).
- Use the place’s established form of name as qualifier
- Separate higher jurisdiction from the city by a comma rather than parentheses

- Choice of Qualifier: Place

**Notes:**
Authority record:  Lincoln (Neb.)
Uniform title: Chalk talk (Lincoln, Neb.)  

## Changes of Place Used as Qualifier

- When the place in which the serial is published changes, do not change the uniform title qualifier
- Change the country code in the fixed field to reflect the current place.
- Give the change in a note when significant, especially when it helps with the identification of the serial
- When the place name itself changes (e.g., Soviet Union), change the qualifier but do not create a new record (LCRI 25.5B)

## Use for titles that consist only of generic words that indicate type of publication and/or frequency.
	        130 0   Bulletin (Colorado Geological Survey)

Use when more than one serial with the same title is published in the same place.
Note: When the name of a corporate body used as qualifier changes, or a different corporate body is now responsible, a new record is made
Use the established form of the corporate body’s name as a qualifier.

- 	        130 0   Bulletin (Colorado Geological Survey)
- Use when more than one serial with the same title is published in the same place.
- Note: When the name of a corporate body used as qualifier changes, or a different corporate body is now responsible, a new record is made
- Use the established form of the corporate body’s name as a qualifier.

- Choice of Qualifier: Corporate Body

**Notes:**
If more than one corporate body is associated with a serial, choose an issuing body rather than a publisher as a qualifier. If more than one body is responsible for same function, choose the first named body as the qualifier.

## Dates may be used alone or combined with the place or corporate body. 

130 0   American machinist (New York, N.Y. : 1968)
130 0   Universe (Doubleday and Company, inc. : 1990)

110 2   Advertising Research Foundation.
240 10 Annual report (1986)
245 10 Annual report / $c  Advertising Research 		  Foundation.  

- Dates may be used alone or combined with the place or corporate body.
- 130 0   American machinist (New York, N.Y. : 1968)
- 130 0   Universe (Doubleday and Company, inc. : 1990)
- 110 2   Advertising Research Foundation.
- 240 10 Annual report (1986)
- 245 10 Annual report / $c  Advertising Research 		  Foundation.

- Choice of Qualifier: Date

**Notes:**
Use the date alone when qualifying a uniform title given in field 240.  The date is also often used when the place or corporate body is part of the title.

CONSER practice is to use more than one qualifier when more information is needed to distinguish like titles. Combinations of qualifiers may include the place or corporate body and either the edition statement, frequency, physical format, or any term that distinguishes the two serial. 

## The date is often used when a title reverts to an earlier title and all other information is the same
    110 2    General Dynamics Corporation.
      245 10  Annual report.   {published <1987>- }
		continued by:
      110 2    General Dynamics Corporation.
      245 10  Shareholders report. 
		continued by:
      110 2   General Dynamics Corporation
      240 10  Annual report (1995)
      245 10 Annual report.

- The date is often used when a title reverts to an earlier title and all other information is the same
-     110 2    General Dynamics Corporation.
-       245 10  Annual report.   {published <1987>- }
- 		**continued by:**
-       110 2    General Dynamics Corporation.
-       245 10  Shareholders report.
- 		**continued by:**
-       110 2   General Dynamics Corporation
-       240 10  Annual report (1995)
-       245 10 Annual report.

- Choice of Qualifier: Date

## The date given is the publishing date (260 $c), not the chronological designation (362).
Dates: 1997,9999
110 2    American Museum of Natural History.
240 10  Annual report (1998)
245 10  Annual report.
260       New York : $b American Museum of Natural   	 	  History, $c c1998-
362 0   1996/97-

- The date given is the publishing date (260 $c), not the chronological designation (362).
- Dates: 1997,9999
- 110 2    American Museum of Natural History.
- 240 10  Annual report (1998)
- 245 10  Annual report.
- 260       New York : $b American Museum of Natural   	 	  History, $c c1998-
- 362 0   1996/97-

- Choice of Qualifier: Date

**Notes:**
If the beginning date of publication is unknown, use the publication date of the issue upon which the description is based.

## Used for a serial issued in editions with identical titles. Give edition statement exactly as it appears in field 250.

	 130 0    Adweek (Eastern ed.)
	 130 0    Adweek (Midwest ed.)
	 130 0    Adweek (New England ed.)

- 	 130 0    Adweek (Eastern ed.)
- 	 130 0    Adweek (Midwest ed.)
- 	 130 0    Adweek (New England ed.)

- Choice of Qualifier: Edition Statement

**Notes:**
Geographic editions are fairly common.  Other types of editions might be teachers’ ed., professional ed., physicians’ ed., etc.

## Choice of Qualifier: Physical Description

- Choice of Qualifier: Physical Description

- Qualifiers may indicate different physical characteristics.
- 110 1     United States. $b Dept. of the Army.
- 240 10   Army budget (Online)
- 245 14   The Army budget $h [electronic resource].
- 110 1     United States. $b Dept. of the Army.
- 245 14   The Army budget.

**Notes:**
A revision of LCRI 25.5B in 2003 contains the instruction to "generally avoid use of the terms "print" and "text" as qualifiers because they are vague and there is not a consensus as to their appropriate use." The LCRI instructs the cataloger to prefer adding a qualifier to the heading for the physical medium that isn't printed text on paper "(even if that means assigning a qualifier to a heading in an existing record)." Many CONSER records contain the term print and CONSER catalogers have been instructed that there is no need to go back and change or revise these records. 

Per LCRI 25.5B, qualifiers are not added to microform reproductions. Online versions are not considered reproductions.

## Use for serials that have the same title and issuing bodies but are published in different frequencies.

245 00    Great Lakes water levels 
			{pub. Annually}
130 0    Great Lakes water levels (Quinquennial)

- Use for serials that have the same title and issuing bodies but are published in different frequencies.
- 245 00    Great Lakes water levels
- 			{pub. Annually}
- 130 0    Great Lakes water levels (Quinquennial)

- Choice of Qualifier: Frequency

**Notes:**
The first title, published annually, didn’t have a 130, the second title is published Quinquennial
ly and has a 130.

## Summary

- In terms of main entry, the most common decision will be whether to enter a serial under title or corporate body, using the criteria given in 21.1B2. Most serials are entered under title.
- Uniform titles are used to distinguish serials with the same title or catalog entry and to bring together serials that are issued in translations or language editions and certain legal serials.
- Place, corporate body, date of publication, frequency, etc. are used as qualifiers in uniform titles.

## Exercises

## Exercise A1:

- Main entry:
- 110 1    Nebraska. $b Dept. of Roads.
- 245 10  Report to the State Board of Equalization and
-              Assessment.
- Falls under Category C of 21.1B2
- [Note: the publication is entered under the body responsible for the
- report, not the body reported to. ]

## Exercise A2:

- Main entry:
- 110 2    Nite Owl Quilters Guild.
- 245 14  The hoot owl.
- Or
- Main entry:
- 245 04  The hoot owl.
- 710 2    Nite Owl Quilters Guild.
- Falls under Category A of 21.1B2

**Notes:**
Some guidance may be needed here.  While this newsletter has a mix of internal and external information, it primarily focuses on the activities of the Guild and, thus, is entered under the Guild.

## Exercise B1:

- 130 0   Networks (Fort Worth, Tex.)
- 	or
- 130 0	 Networks (Sunny von Bulow National Victim
- 	 Advocacy Center)

## Exercise B2:

- Record A:
- 110 1    New Mexico. $b Bureau of Mines and Mineral
-              Resources.
- 245 10  Annual report.
- Record B:
- 110 1    New Mexico. $b Bureau of Mines and Mineral
- 	  Resources.
- 245 10  Biennial report.
- Record C:
- 110 1    New Mexico. $b Bureau of Mines and Mineral
- 	  Resources.
- 240 10  Annual report (1965)
- 245 10  Annual report.