# Presentation: 406685

## USDA Genetic Evaluations for Type Traits

## Type Traits

**Describe physical characteristics of animal**
**Final Score (overall assessment)**
**Scored  50-99**
**Linear traits (13 traits)**
**Scored 1-50**

## History of Type Evaluations

**1986 – Sire model for final score**
**1988 – Collection of linear traits**
**1989 – Sire model for linear traits**
**1995 – Multi-trait animal model**
** ****2000 – Base change**
** ****2005 – Base change**

## Numbers of Appraisals of Does

|  | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Alpine | 888 | 1,141 | 892 | 1,368 | 1,061 | 1,254 | 1,185 |
| Nubian | 1,099 | 1,059 | 916 | 1,345 | 1,161 | 1,173 | 1,330 |
| Toggenburg | 404 | 579 | 408 | 546 | 453 | 520 | 687 |
| LaMancha | 581 | 546 | 524 | 714 | 758 | 584 | 885 |
| Saanen | 326 | 552 | 422 | 436 | 439 | 541 | 539 |
| Oberhasli | 204 | 268 | 246 | 328 | 284 | 299 | 312 |
| Experimental | 190 | 263 | 204 | 244 | 238 | 182 | 262 |
| Sable | - | - | - | - | - | 40 | 38 |
| Total | 3,692 | 4,408 | 3,612 | 4,981 | 4,394 | 4,593 |  5,238 |

## Appraisals for Does in 2005(n=4,593)

| Trait | Mean | SD | Min |  | Max |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Final score | 85.8 | 4.0 | 55 |  | 93 |
| Stature | 24.8 | 7.5 | 1 |  | 50 |
| Strength | 27.0 | 5.3 | 3 |  | 48 |
| Dairyness | 33.2 | 3.7 | 12 |  | 45 |
| Teat diameter | 20.4 | 7.2 | 2 |  | 50 |
| Rear legs | 27.7 | 3.5 | 3 |  | 42 |
| Rump angle | 30.5 | 6.0 | 5 |  | 46 |
| Rump width | 28.2 | 5.2 | 4 |  | 50 |
| Fore udder attachment | 33.7 | 5.5 | 1 |  | 50 |
| Rear udder height | 36.7 | 6.6 | 5 |  | 50 |
| Rear udder arch | 24.1 | 6.2 | 5 |  | 48 |
| Udder depth | 33.2 | 7.1 | 5 |  | 50 |
| Suspensory ligament | 25.4 | 4.7 | 13 |  | 45 |
| Teat placement | 17.5 | 5.8 | 2 |  | 50 |

## Evaluation model 

**An equation that indicates what factors contribute to an observation**
**Separates the genetic component from other factors**
**Solutions used to predict the genetic potential of progeny**

## Type Evaluation Model

**MODEL:****	****y  =  h  +  a  +  p  +  e**
**	****y**** = Adjusted type record**
**	****h ****= Herd appraisal date**
**	****a**** = Animal genetic effect (breeding value)**
**	****p**** = Permanent environment**
**	****Non-genetic effect common to all a doe's appraisals**
**	****e ****= Unexplained residual**

## Multi-trait Model

**Scores from one trait affect the evaluation of other traits through the genetic correlations**

## Genetic Correlations 

|  | Final Score | Strength | Dairyness | Fore Udder Attachment |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Final Score | 1.00 | .30 | -.15 | .66 |
| Strength |  | 1.00 | -.51 | .15 |
| Dairyness |  |  | 1.00 | -.16 |
| F. Udder Att. |  |  |  | 1.00 |

## Genetic Parameters

**Heritability – Portion of variation due to genetics**
**Repeatability – Similarity of repeated records, includes genetic and permanent environmental effects**

## Heritability and Repeatability

## Genetic Change per year from does born 1990 – 2003

| Trait | Trend |  | R2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rear legs | -0. | 060 | 0.979 |
| Rear udder height | -0. | 058 | 0.931 |
| Udder depth | -0. | 028 | 0.675 |
| Fore udder attachment | -0. | 009 | 0.699 |
| Rear udder arch | 0. | 005 | 0.098 |
| Final score | 0. | 033 | 0.927 |
| Dairyness | 0. | 053 | 0.965 |
| Rump width | 0. | 059 | 0.829 |
| Teat diameter | 0. | 067 | 0.859 |
| Strength | 0. | 107 | 0.968 |
| Suspensory ligament | 0. | 119 | 0.970 |
| Teat placement | 0. | 195 | 0.983 |
| Rump angle | 0. | 240 | 0.987 |
| Stature | 0. | 389 | 0.957 |

## Breeding value trend for type

## Herds for Bucks Born 1999 – 2003(n=2,451)

## Daughters for Bucks Born 1999 – 2003(n=2,451)

## Distribution of Reliability for Final Score

## Methods of Expressing evaluations

**Estimated breeding value (****EBV****)**
**Animal’s own genetic value**
**Predicted transmitting ability (****PTA****)**
**1⁄2 EBV**
**Expected contribution to progeny**

## Combining type and production

**Production-Type index****	****(PTI)****	****	**
**Combines yield and type evaluations into a single value**
**There are 2 versions:**
**PTI 2:1, weights 2 production : 1 type **
**PTI 1:2, weights 2 type : 1 production**** **

## AIPL web services

_**[http://aipl.arsusda.gov/query/public/tdb.shtml#GoatsTBL](http://aipl.arsusda.gov/query/public/tdb.shtml#GoatsTBL)**_
**Queries provide display of:**
**Pedigree information**
**Yield records**
**Herd test characteristics **
**Genetic evaluations of does & bucks**
**Yield**
**Type**
**Access information using:**
**ID number**
**Animal name**
**Herd code**

## 1918

## 1947

## 1977

## 2003

## Summary

**Type data contributes to genetic evaluations of Final Score and 13 linear traits**
**Multi-trait Animal Model combines information from all relatives and traits**
**Few bucks have many daughters in many herds so reliability is low**
**Production-type index combines evaluations**
**Substantial genetic progress is occurring in several traits**