# Presentation: 779892

## GPM program status in Japan

**Masahiro Kojima**
**GPM/DPR Project Manager, JAXA**
**November 6, 2006**

## Japan’s Basic Strategy for Earth Observation

**Council for Science & Technology Policy (March 2006)**

**Needs for an integral observation by satellites, ships, buoys, ground stations and so on,**
**Establishment of a integral observation system from the user’s point of view,**
**One of the tools for policy making,**
**Contribution to GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of Systems) especially on following 3 Societal Benefit Areas**
- Water, Climate & Disaster

- A National Key Technology
- “Integrated Marine Exploration and Earth Observation System”
- Earth Observation
- Disaster Monitoring
- Marine Exploration

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

##    “Integrated Marine Exploration and Earth Observation System”

**Future marine exploration technology**

**・****Global environment problem**
**・****GHG**
**・****Understand of weather anomaly and climate change**

**Earth Observation**

**GOSAT**

**ALOS**

**GPM/DPR**

**GCOM**

- Cloud
- Aerosol

- GHG

**Quasi-Zenith Satellite **

- Ocean color

- Rainfall

**・****Marine exploration**** under ocean bottom **
**・****Resource exploration**** by satellite and marine probe**

**Marine exploration**

**Deep sea drilling**

- Vegetation

- Positioning

**・****Disaster monitoring**** of earthquake, heavy rain etc. **
**・****Trench giant earthquake**

**Disaster Monitoring**

- Ocean wind
- SST

**Integration of observation data**

**Users**

- Integrated dataset

**Policy making**

**Data Integration & Analysis**

- Research institutes

- Ministry and agency

**   ****“****Integrated Marine Exploration and Earth Observation System”**

**Establishment of a fundamental system for Earth observation, disaster monitoring and marine exploration system as a national key technology for Japanese national security**

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

## The Long Term Plan of JAXA Earth Observation for GEOSS

**The Long Term Plan of JAXA Earth Observation for GEOSS**

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

**Notes:**
The next chart illustrates JAXA’s Long-Term Plan for Earth-Observation programs.
Following the unfortunate failure of ADEOS-II, JAXA will explore more reliable and competitive satellites and focus on the continuity of on-orbit operation. Large-scale, multipurpose satellite programs will not be optimum solutions, but rather programs will be traded-off through extensive pre-phase-A and phase-A studies. 
As you see, in the JAXA plan, the next disaster-monitoring mission following ALOS, which will be launched this fiscal year, seeks to mitigate and prevent disasters. The concept of this satellite is now under study. A future Geo-synchronous Earth-observation satellite capable of continuous monitoring will also be pursued. ADEOS-II follow-on missions and EarthCARE will investigate climate change including water cycle variation. Wind characteristics will be measured primarily by microwave sensors, and cloud cover measured primarily by optical sensors. These satellites correspond to GCOM-W and GCOM-C. EarthCARE is a joint program with ESA. A greenhouse gas observation satellite called the GOSAT follow-on will help us understand global warming and the carbon cycle change. 

## JAXA Earth Observation Program for GEOSS

**JAXA Earth Observation Program for GEOSS**

**A plan of advanced low Earth orbit satellites**

- GOSAT

- CPR/EarthCARE

| 

Water SBA | Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (GPM) |
| --- | --- |
|  | AMSR2(GCOM-W) |
|  | Scatterometer  (GCOM-W) |
|  | SGLI (GCOM-C) |
|  | Cloud Profiling Radar (EarthCARE) |
| Climate SBA | Greenhouse Gas Observation Sensor (GOSAT)
 |
| Disaster SBA | SAR(disaster monitoring satellites), Optical Sensor(Geo-stationary EO satellite) |

- To develop and operate an Earth Observation System for GEOSS

- With ESA

- DPR/GPM

- With NASA

- Optical Sensor/
- Geo-stationary EO satellite

- SAR/disaster monitoring satellites

- GCOM-W

- GCOM-C

- With NASA

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

**Notes:**
Corresponding to the nine societal benefit areas of GEOSS in space applications, Japan emphasizes disaster monitoring, climate change due to water cycle variation, and global warming due to carbon cycle change. JAXA will develop Earth-observation programs that facilitate cutting-edge complementary systems contributing to WWW and NPOESS.
JAXA will develop and operate disaster monitoring satellites, Global Climate Observing Missions called GCOM-W and GCOM-C, and a Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) installed on the EarthCARE satellite, a Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar named DPR to be installed in the Global Precipitation Measurement satellite called GPM, a Greenhouse Gases Observation Satellite named GOSAT. I will now present these satellite programs in detail.
This Earth-observation system will provide useful information on disasters, sea-surface wind vectors and temperature, cloud structure, aerosols, carbon dioxide concentration, and precipitation.

## Necessity and Importance of GPM in Japan  - Contribution to the social benefit -

- GPM greatly contributes to the operational use and practical application, such as
**Improvement of numerical weather forecast**
**Improvement of typhoon prediction**
**Contribution to the flood alert system**
- Global precipitation observation, and observation of the three dimensional precipitation system by GPM core spacecraft, which carries DPR with high sensitivity of 0.2mm/h, contributes to various studies and activities such as
**Effect of the climate change to the precipitation **
**Water cycle study in global scale**
**Geo 10 year implementation plan**

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

## From TRMM to GPM

- DPR
- Improvement of
-    sensitivity
-    0.7  0.2 mm/h
- Dual frequency
-    (KuPR and KaPR)
- Core S/C
- Inclination change
-    35  65 degree
- Constellation satellites

- Improvement of the
-    observation accuracy
- Improvement of the
-    sensitivity, which enables
-    detection of weak rain and
-    snowfall
- Improvement of precipitation
-    estimation accuracy by
-    MWRs on constellation
-    satellites
- Global observation
- Improvement of observation
-    frequency

- Accurate and
-    frequent global
-    precipitation
-   observation
- Generation of the global precipitation map

- Difference between TRMM and GPM

- Improvement of observation by GPM

- Goal of GPM

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

## GPM program status in Japan (General)

- DPR DRR (Development Readiness Review) was successfully completed in Dec, 2005.
- Approved to start preliminary design and engineering model development of DPR in JAXA
- GPM/DPR science and application meeting was held in March, 2006
- Review and discussion about mission success criteria, mission requirements, DPR specification
- Overview of the  research and application activities in Japan
- Science plan
- CAPACITY BUILDING IN ASIA
-      "EARTH OBSERVATIONS IN THE SERVICE OF WATER MANAGEMENT"** **
- Held successfully at Bangkok, Tyland in September, 2006
- Participation of about 120 persons from 22 countries
- CEOS precipitation constellation activity
- Jointly led by NASA & JAXA, with participation of various organizations
- Draft of the scoping paper was discussed in CEOS SIT-19, and will be submitted to CEOS Plenary-20
- One year study is planned to generate implementation plan

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

## GPM program status in Japan (DPR development) 

- DPR development schedule was  re-defined for accommodating June 2013 GPM core spacecraft launch.
- DPR observable range specification was changed based on the science requirements, and design has been modified to accommodate this new requirement
- Was : 18km to surface
- Is    : 19km to surface
- KaPR Engineering Model (EM)
- Engineering model development & test  has been continued under NICT contract
- KuPR Bread Board Model (BBM) and EM
- T/R unit BBM evaluation & test completed.
- Device fabrication for EM components has been started.
- KaPR and KuPR preliminary design has been continued
- DPR – S/C technical interface coordination activity has been continued with NASA.
- Interface control document for GPM core S/C and DPR initial version to be issued soon
- Preliminary Design Review (PDR)
- KuPR and KaPR components PDR will be held in December, 2006
- DPR – S/C interface PDR planned in March, 2007
- DPR system PDR planned in April, 2007

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

## KuPR T/R unit BBM

- Consists of 8 T/R modules and control
-    circuit
- 2 T/M modules are actual, remaining 6 are
-    thermal dummy
- All the electrical performances verified in the
-    ambient condition

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

## KaPR engineering model (NICT)

- EM

- PFM

- View of the EM

- Close look of the antenna

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

## GPM program status in Japan (Ground system development,  science and application activity)

- Ground system
**System study has been continued**
- Science and application activity
**Algorithm development**
**Simulation data generation for algorithm development started**
**Investigation about DPR level 1 and level 2 algorithm (KuPR, KaPR, and dual frequency algorithm), and  DPR & GMI combined algorithm have been continued.**
**Development of precipitation map generation algorithm including microwave radiometer data has been continued**
**Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) under Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) framework**
**Validation plan has been investigated.**
**GPM science document was prepared**
**Importance of GPM from science and social benefit point of view, Outline of the mission, DPR, Algorithm, Calibration & Validation**
**Joint research with International Centre for Water Hazard ****and Risk Management (ICHARM)/** **Public Works Research Institute (PWRI) has been started regarding utilization of the satellite rainfall information in  future flood early warning system**
**Preliminary survey about utilization of microwave sounder data for GPM has been started**

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

## Example of GSMaP real-time version

- Observation time (hrs) of Microwave Radiometers at each pixel is denoted by hours from/to present hour.

- IR images

- GSMaP_MV (Precipitation) [mm/hr]

- Diff. of MWR obs. hrs. from/to present.

**Proto-type of real-time system for producing high-frequent and high-accurate global rainfall map has been developed and tested at JAXA/EORC, in collaboration with GSMaP team**

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

## GPM/DPR development schedule

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

## JAXA GPM/DPR Organization

- Executive Director, Office of Space Application (Dr. Horikawa)

- Program Director for Space Application
- (Mr. Kozawa)

- GPM/TRMM Program
-  Kojima

- EORC
- Mr. Doura

- GPM/DPR Project
- Kojima
- Furukawa, Hanado,
-  Ishii, Hyakusoku

- Ground system
- Tsuchiya
- Takeshima, Nio

- Data analysis
- & Validation
- Oki, Shimizu, Kachi, Higashiuwatoko

- Application
- Matsuura

**JAXA GPM/DPR Organization**

- Director for International Relations (Mr.Inada)

- GPM Science Team
- Prof.Nakamura

- SAPC
- Mr.Fukuda

- International Relations
- Ishida

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

## GPM/DPR JAXA member list

| 

Program | GPM/DPR Program | Mr. Kojima (Program Manager)
Dr. R.Oki (Program Scientist) | JAXA GPM/DPR Project
JAXA EORC |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | International Coordination | Mr.Ishida (Manager)
Ms.Tanabe | JAXA SAPC
JAXA International Relations Dep. |
| 

Project | DPR | Mr.Kojima (Project Manager)
Mr.Furukawa, Mr.Hanado, Mr.Ishii, Mr.Hyakusoku | JAXA GPM/DPR Project |
|  | Ground syatem | Mr.Tsuchiya (Manager)
Mr.Takeshima, Ms.Nio | JAXA EORC |
|  | Data Analysis & Validation | Dr.R.Oki, Dr.Shimizu, Ms.Kachi, Mr.Higashiuwatoko | JAXA EORC |
|  | Application | Mr.Matsuura (Manager) | JAXA SAPC |
| 

Science Team |  | Prof.Nakamura (Project Scientist)
Prof.Koike
Dr.Nakazawa
Prof.Sumi
Dr.Iguchi
Dr.T.Oki | Nagoya University
Tokyo University
MRI
Tokyo University
NICT
Tokyo University |

- GPM/DPR JAXA member list

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

## GCOM-W status

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

## GCOM Mission objectives

**Establish and demonstrate the global and long-term Earth observing system (contribute to GEOSS)**
**Contribute to improving climate change prediction in concert with climate model research institutions**
**Contribute to operational users such as meteorological agencies**
**Promote comprehensive data use in conjunction with other satellite and ground data **
**Investigate potential data analysis methodology**

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

## GCOM System Overview

| GCOM-W & -C characteristics |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Configuration | GCOM-W

 | GCOM-C

 |
| Orbit (TBD)  | Sun-synchronous
Altitude: 699.6km
Inclination: 98.19deg
Descending local time: 1:30 | Sun-synchronous
Altitude: 798km
Inclination: 99.36deg
Descending local time: 10:30 |
| Instruments | AMSR2
SeaWinds F/O (-W2, -W3:TBD) | SGLI |
| Launch Date | 2010 | 2011 |
| Mission Life | 5 years (3 satellites; total 13 years) |  |
| Launch Vehicle | H-IIA |  |

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

## GCOM-W 

***Targets of GCOM-W/AMSR2 are water-energy cycle.***

| GCOM-W AMSR2 characteristics |  |
| --- | --- |
| Scan | Conical scan microwave radiometer |
| Swath width | 1450km |
| Antenna | 2.0m offset parabola antenna |
| Digitalization | 12bit |
| Incident angle | Apporox. 55 degree |
| Polarization | Vertical and Horizontal |
| Dynamic range | 2.7-340K |

| Band
(GHz) | Band width (MHz) | Polarization | Beam width [deg] (Ground resolution [km]) | Sampling interval [km] |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6.925 | 350 | V
and 
H | 1.8 (35 x 62) | 10 |
| 10.65 | 100 |  | 1.2 (24 x 42) |  |
| 18.7 | 200 |  | 0.65 (14 x 22) |  |
| 23.8 | 400 |  | 0.75 (15 x 26) |  |
| 36.5 | 1000 |  | 0.35 (7 x 12) |  |
| 89.0 | 3000 |  | 0.15 (3 x 5) | 5 |

- AMSR2

- AMSR-2 will continue AMSR-E observations (water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, wind speed, sea ice concentration etc.).
*If GCOM-W2, W3 has scatterometer,*
- GCOM-W scatterometer in afternoon orbit will increase time resolution and data coverage in combination with the METOP/ASCAT in morning orbit (to achieve every 6 hours observation).

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006

## GCOM-W1 Development Schedule

- JFY

- Items

- 4

- 6

- 8

- 10

- 12

- 2

- 4

- 6

- 8

- 10

- 12

- 2

- 4

- 6

- 8

- 10

- 12

- 2

- 4

- 6

- 8

- 10

- 12

- 2

- 4

- 6

- 8

- 10

- 12

- 2

- 4

- 6

- 8

- 10

- 12

- 2

- 4

- 6

- 8

- 10

- 12

- 2

- 4

- 6

- 8

- 10

- 12

- 2

- Mile Stone

- X Phase-up review

- GCOM-W 1

- Concept Study

- Preliminary Design

-     GCOM-W Satellite bus

- Critical Design

- Satellite Development

- (

- 3.5y

- )

- AIT

- AMSR2 Shipping

- Preliminary Design / BBM

-      AMSR2

- AMSR2 Development (2.5y)

- 2005

- (

- H17

- )

- 2012

- (

- H24

- )

- 2008

- (

- H20

- )

- 2007

- (

- H19

- )

- 2006

- (

- H18

- )

- 2009

- (

- H21

- )

- 2010

- (

- H22

- )

- 2011

- (

- H23

- )

- X SAC review

- _X Configuration Decision_

- X GCOM-W Launch

- Phase-A

- Phase-B/C/D

- Phase-E

- The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop in Annapolis

- Nov.6-8, 2006