BEE-spoke-data/govdocs1-by-extension huggingface dataset:
# Presentation: 258798

## 1. Cable connection

-  Adjust ‘Gain’ to make Mn Ksignal (5.895 keV) around 2 V on
-   oscilloscope. (Full range : 10 V)

## 2. Set up at 8ID-E

- (1) Canberra AIM Multichannel Analyzer
- (2) MCA with ROIs
- (3) ADC 1

- EPICS MCA display

- IDL MCA display

## 2-1. ADC 

- Make sure of
- 4096 channels

- Adjust LLD to eliminate undesirably high intensities at low channels

## 2-2. EPICS MCA display

## 2-3. IDL MCA display

- Mn K

- Mn K

## 2-3 continued

- File -> Foreground -> Open detector -> 8ide:mca1
- ROIs (left panel) -> Clear All
- Set ROIs for Mn K (taller peak)  using mouse buttons
- 	mouse middle button : left marker of ROI
- 		     right	             : right
- 		     left                  : setting this ROI
- Put a name ‘Mn Ka’ for this ROI
- Repeat (3) and (4) for Mn K (shorter peak)
- Control -> Calibrate energy -> compute calibration

## 2-4. Work with real signals

- Repeat ROI setup for real signals
-  Clear all previous ROIs
-  Typically
-    (1) “elastic” for elastic x-rays
-    (2) “fluo” for fluorescence
-    (3) “full” for full mca
-    (4) see also these ROIs in EPICS MCA display
- Unfortunately, the order of ROIs is determined by the counts of
-    each ROI (see how the order of ROIs changes in EPICS MCA display)

## 3. Data acquisition in SPEC

- Start SPEC:  topaz% spec8IDE
- 	(if not working,  type /home/users1/S8SPEC/bin/spec8IDE)
- 	- Note that ‘/home/user1/S8SPEC/macros/common/epics_mca_3.3.mac’
- 		is assumed to be installed automatically.
- SPEC> qdo /home/users/8IDEUSER/local_macros/mcadet_3.mac
- To activate MCA counters in SPEC,
- 	SPEC> mcadet_use 1  ( mcadet_use 0 to inactivate)
- SPEC> ct 10
- 	- Note that in “mcadet_3.mac” ‘mca’ always reads the 1st ROI
- 		in EPICS MCA panel, ‘sca1’ the 2nd ROI, and ‘sca2’ the 3rd ROI.
- To save a whole MCA spectrum,
- 	SPEC> mca_setup
- 	SPEC> getandsave_mca
- 	- Make sure that a filename for SPEC was assigned.

## 3-1. Read MCA in C-PLOT

-   To read a MCA spectra save in SPEC, use C-PLOT
-      C-PLOT> f1 scans.4
- 	.....
- 	Normalize points ? No
- 	Get MCA data if present ? Yes
- 	....
-      Note that x-axis denotes energy in keV, which has been
- 	calibrated in IDL MCA panel.

- Questions? drlee@aps.anl.gov
# Presentation: 245486

## WNV Surveillance UpdateUnited States, July 2005

**Matthew J. Kuehnert, MD**
**Assistant Director For Blood Safety**
**Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases**
**Theresa L. Smith, MD, MPH**
**Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases**

## The ArboNET Team 2004

**Amy Bode**
**Jennifer Brown**
**Grant Campbell**
**Margaret Collins**
**Nicholas Crall**
**Lora Davis**
**Edward Hayes**
**Alison Hinckley**

**John Jones**
**Krista Kniss**
**Stephanie Kuhn**
**Jennifer Lehman**
**Anthony Marfin**
**Susan Montgomery**
**Daniel O’Leary**
**Theresa Smith**

## ArboNET

**Arbovirus national electronic surveillance system**
**Ecologic data**
**Human data**
**Disease reports  **
**West Nile fever (WNF)**
**West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND)**
**Presumptively Viremic Donors (PVDs)**

## U.S. Counties Reporting Human WNV Disease Cases, 2004

**U.S. Counties Reporting Human WNV Disease Cases, 2004**

**2,470 WNF**
**1,142 WNND**
**505 counties**
**100 deaths**
**40 states and DC**

## WNND County Level Incidence per Million, United States, 2004*

**WNND County Level Incidence per Million, United States, 2004***

***Reported as of 6/21/2005**

## Slide 6

## WNV Transfusion-associated Transmission Investigations, 2004 

**14 case investigations initiated**
**8 non-cases**
**5 inconclusive**
**1 probable case**
**MMWR 9/17/04**
**Maricopa County, AZ**
**WNND s/p RBC transfusion**
**First human infection detected in ****county of residence**

## Slide 8

## West Nile virus cases by week of onset and week of report, US , 2004

|  | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Human Cases | 1 | 108 | 25 |
| # States reporting human cases | 1 | 10 | 11 |
| PVDs | 1 | 18  | 7 |
| # States reporting PVD’s | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| # States reporting any activity | 31 | 34 and PR | 26 |

**Comparisons to this time in 2003 and 2004**
**MMWR Week 28**

## Comparisons to this time in 2003 and 2004

|  | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Human Cases | 5 | 182 | 41 |
| # States reporting human cases | 3 | 11 | 15* |
| PVDs | 1 | 23  | 19 |
| # States reporting PVD’s | 1 | 3 | 6** |
| # States reporting any activity | 32 | 35 and PR | 27 |

**Comparisons to this time in 2003 and 2004**
**MMWR Week 29**

***AZ, AR, CA, CO, GA, IN, KS, LA, MN, MS, MO, NM, OH, SD, TX**
****AZ, CA, ****IA****, LA, MS, TX**

## WNV Activity Summary, July 2005

**2005 vs. 2004 season comparisons**
**2005 season starting slower**
**more geographic variation, but similar patterns**
**South, Midwest and West now affected; North may have increase in activity later in season**
**PVD activity in areas without known WNV disease may provide prevention opportunity (e.g., IA)**
# Presentation: 493080

## Human Exploration of the Moon

- and Mars

## Launch configuration

## Slide 3

## Crew Exploration Vehicle

## Service module carries the CEV to the Moon

## Slide 6

## Lunar Surface Module

## Site Selection for Moon

- Near-side

- Far-side

- Optimal Science Base

- * Numbers indicate sortie sites

- 1

- 2

- 3

- 4

- 5

- 6

- 7

- 8

- 9

- 17

- 18

- 19

- 20

- 21

- 25

- 26

- 29

- 33

- 31

- 10

- 11

- 12

- 13

- 15

- 16

- 23

- 58

- 27

- 28

- 32

- 34

- 35

- 36

- 37

- 38

- 39

- 40

- 41

- 42

- 43

- 46

- 47

- 49

- 50

- 52

- 53

- 54

- 55

- 56

- 57

- 30

- 45

- 22

- 24

## Do it on the Moon first

**Do it on the Moon first**

**Partial gravity**
**Radiation**
**Planetary protection**

## Slide 10

## NASA Mars Reference mission

## NASA Mars Reference mission

## Advanced Life Support Requirements Document. JSC-38571C/CTSD-ADV-245C Feb 2003, NASA JSC

## Advanced Life Support Requirements Document. JSC-38571C/CTSD-ADV-245C Feb 2003, NASA JSC

## Human requirements and products kg/person-day

- _Requirements_
- Food
- 0.6
- Water
- 3
- Oxygen
- 0.8
- Total
- 4.5

- _Outputs_
- Solids
- 0.2
- Water
- 3.3
- CO2
- 1.0
- Total
- 4.5

## NASA Advaced Life support

## Biosphere II

## Near-term missions

## NASA Mars Reference mission

## McMurdo Station: 50 years of science exploration

## The Antarctica Model

- Fifty years of continuous operations, 1-15 month tours.
- Three permanent bases with temporary field camps.
- Dec 1956:  Bases established, IGY Cold War competition.
- Science exploration was rationale, NSF had responsibility for science.
- 1970s, 1980s:  US Antarctic research program operated as a part of foreign policy & military preparedness for cold weather operations.
- 1990s:  Cold War ends, military activities in USARP reduced.
- 2000:  Helicopter transport provided by private sector.
- 2005:  Civilian science (NSF) managed program entirely. Contractor operation of base (Ratheon Polar Services)
- Air Force provides transport to Antarctica, Coast Guard provides ice breaker.
- 2006:  NSF directed to assume operation of ice breakers.

## Don’t send humans 

**because they will contaminate Mars before we have a chance to determine if it has life and its potential for life**

## We’ve already contaminated Mars

- <date/time>

**We’ve already contaminated Mars**

## Spirit Rover with 105 bacteria at Gusev Crater

- Spirit Rover with 105 bacteria at Gusev Crater
# Presentation: 817630

## Integrated Luminosity

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Peak Luminosity

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Initial Luminosity

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Protons to Collision

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Pbars to Collision

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Tevatron Studies Summary

- 150 GeV Lifetime
- Parse the Squeeze (tune up)
- Collimators (no beam available)
- 36 X 12 to test new Helix

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Tevatron Studies Summary

**Store #1128**

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Tevatron Studies Summary

**First 36 X 12**

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Tevatron Studies Summary

**Most recent 36 X 12**

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Pbar Studies Summary

- New lattice IBS studies
- Pbar stack moved to central orbit
- change the lattice
- compare heating rates
- Conclusions;
- The 4-D and 6-D phase space products showed almost a factor of 3 lower emittance and growth rate
- The initial conditions between the current lattice and the study lattice were not the same, another study needed

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Pbar Studies Summary

**Transverse Heating terms**

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Pbar Studies Summary

**Transverse Heating Rates**

- All Experimenters Meeting

## Pbar Studies Summary

**6-D Phase Space Growth Rate**

- All Experimenters Meeting

## MI Studies Summary

- Beam loading compensation
- Transverse emittance (growth) vs. Booster intensity

- All Experimenters Meeting

## MI Studies Summary

**Beam loading Compensation on Station 2**

**Beam loading Compensation on Station 1**

- All Experimenters Meeting

## MI Studies Summary

**Horizontal Emittance at 150 GeV for 8 Booster Turns vs # of Bunches**

- All Experimenters Meeting

## MI Studies Summary

**7.5 MHz Coalescing for RR Injection**

- All Experimenters Meeting
# Presentation: 167378

## Daily Weather Update

- 1600 EDT 18 June 2008
- Regis Walter
- NOAA Meteorologist

## Current Weather Situation

**Ideal weather is expected thru the weekend for the rivers to return to normal**
**Thru tomorrow morning some light showers expected across IA/IL/IN morning but rain free elsewhere**
**Thursday:  Scattered showers (.25” or less) across MN/WI **
**Friday:  Light rain (.25”) drops south across IA/IL/MO**
**Saturday:  Rain across WI (up to .5”) but mostly dry elsewhere**
**Sunday:  Widely scattered showers across the region with light amounts**
**Current as of 2:00pm EDT June 18, 2008**

## River Cresting Projections

**Cedar Rapids, IA – Cedar River**
**River continues to recede from June 13 crest of 31.1’**
**River still at moderate flood stage**
**Iowa City, IA – Iowa River**
**River continues to recede from its June 15 crest of 31.6’**
**River is still above the 1993 record stage of 28.5’**
**Des Moines, IA – Des Moines River**
**River continues to recede from its June 13 crest of 35.3’**
**River still at moderate flood stage**
**Rock Island, IL- Mississippi River**
**River continues to recede from its June 17 crest of 21.49’**
**River still at moderate flood stage**
**Current as of 2:00pm EDT June 18, 2008**

## River Cresting Projections

**Quincy, IL - Mississippi River**
**Projected to crest Thursday, June 19 at 32.2’ (record)**
**Record crest 32.1’ July 13, 1993**
**Hannibal, MO – Mississippi River**
**Projected to crest Friday, June 20 at 31.8’ (record)**
**Record crest 31.8’ July 15, 1993**
**St Louis, MO – Mississippi River**
**Projected to crest Monday evening June 23 at 40.2’ **
**Major flood stage: 40.0’**
**Record crest 49.6’ Aug 1, 1993**
**Chester, IL– Mississippi River**
**Projected to crest Wednesday June 25 at 41.9’ (long crest is expected)**
**Record crest 49.74’ Aug 7, 1993**
**Cape Girardeau, MO– Mississippi River**
**River will continue to rise thru the weekend (43.3’ by Monday morning)**
**Record crest 48.49’ Aug 8, 1993**
**Current as of 2:00pm EDT June 18, 2008**
# Presentation: 897170

## Locomotive Digital Video Recording SystemMaintenance Programs and Practice 

- SAE/NTSB 2003 Recorder Symposium
- Alexandria, Virginia
- June 5, 2003

- Greg Lowe & Adam Mastrangelo

## Slide 2

## “RailView” System

- What is a locomotive digital video recording system (LDVRS) or “RailView” system?

## Recorder Mounting Location

## Recorder Mounting Location

## Recorder Mounting Location

## Recorder Mounting Location

## Camera Mounting Location

## Camera Mounting Location

## System I/O’s

- Inputs:
- Horn
- Forward, neutral, reverse
- “PC” (i.e. Emergency brake application)
- Speed
- Video
- Audio
- Outputs:
- Status indicators

## Status Indicators

- System and Trouble Status:
- L1 Steady Green:  Ready to record data
- L1 Flashing Green: Acquiring data
- L2 Steady Red:  System failure
- L2 Flashing Red: Reduced system functions
- L2 Dark: System OK

## Status Indicators

- L3 Steady Green: Horn activated
- L4 Steady Green: Reverser thrown forward
- L5 Steady Green: Reverser thrown reverse
- L6 Steady Green: Reverser centered
- L7 Steady Green: PC activated
- L8 Steady Green: Speed input active

## Slide 13

## Wayne, IL - Derailment02/21/03 - 6:50 PM

- Direction - East
- Speed - 42 MPH
- Weather: Cloudy; Temp: 41°
- 2 Units, 32 Cars (34 Total)

## Wayne Derailment

## Wayne Derailment

## Wayne Derailment

## Wayne, IL - Derailment 

- Cost: $3.25 Million

## New Dimension in Derailment  Investigation

- Video from the engineer’s view
- Distinct audio information
# Presentation: 664050

## Course Agenda

- Monday
- 9:00	-	9:30	Course Overview
- 9:30	-	10:30	EPICS Overview	#1
- 10:30	-	10:45	Break
- 10:45	-	11:30	Channel Access Concepts	#2
- 1:15	-	2:00	Demo - CA Clients
- 2:00	-	...	Lab #1 - CA Clients	Lab #1
- Tuesday
- 9:00	-	10:30	What is an EPICS Database	#3
- 10:30	-	10:45	Break
- 10:45	-	11:45	EPICS Database II	#4
- 1:15	-	2:00	Working With an IOC	#5
- 2:00	-	...	Lab #2 - Database 	Lab #2
- Wednesday
- 9:00	-	10:00	State Notation Language	#6
- 10:00	-	10:30	Questions/Answers
- 10:30	-	10:45	Break
- 10:45	-	11:45	IOC Development Environment	#7
- 1:15	-	...	Lab #3 - SNL and Project 	Lab #3
- Thursday
- 9:00	-	10:00	Flow of Control	#8
- 10:00	-	10:20	Break
- 10:20	-	11:45	Device/Driver Support	#9
- 1:15	-	2:30	Record Support	#10
- 2:30	-	...	Lab #4 - Device/Record Support 	Lab #4
- Friday
- 9:00	-	9:30	Writing CA Clients	#11
- 9:30	-	10:00	Portable CA Server	#12
- 10:00	-	10:30	CA Configuration	#13
- 10:30	-	10:45	Break
- 10:45	-	11:15	Supported Hardware	#14
- 11:15	-	12:00	Questions/Answers
- 1:15	-	...	Projects	Lab #5
# Presentation: 223377

## Jet-A Vaporization at Subatmospheric Pressures

- Robert I. Ochs
- Rutgers University
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

## Introduction

- Several incidents in recent years linked to explosions in center wing tanks of commercial airplanes
- Explosions caused by heating and vaporization of thin layers of nearly empty fuel tanks
- Goal is to eliminate the likelihood of having a flammable mixture

## Reducing Flammability

- Maintain a sufficient amount of fuel in CWT to eliminate fuel temperature rise and vaporization
- Reduce the amount of O2 in tank such that the vapors are not flammable

## Fuel Tank Inerting

- Reducing the O2 concentration by pumping N2 into the tank
- Have developed a system that can be adapted to different planes
- Uses engine bleed air to make NEA to inert fuel tanks
- Scale model and full-scale tests underway

## Jet Fuel Flammability

- 23 ASTM D1655 specifications for jet fuel
- Exact composition not specified, other parameters such as distillation temp, flash point, etc. are specified
- Flammability properties-limits, ignition energy, quenching distance also not specified

## Jet Fuel Flammability

## Jet Fuel Flammability

- Vapor accumulates in closed tank until equilibrium is reached
- Constant temperature-number of molecules leaving fuel equals the number of molecules returning to liquid surface
- Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by fuel molecules in the vapor space
- Can determine the amount of vapor in ullage with temperature and ullage volume known

## Predicting Flammability

- Can use fuel properties to determine flammability (vapor pressure, flash point)
- Use of thermal modeling to determine heat transfer from external source through tank walls to the fuel
- Computer model written by Professor Polymeropoulos
- Uses properties of fuel and experimental parameters to determine flammability as a function of time

## Model Inputs

- Equilibrium temperature
- Tank dimensions
- Fuel volume
- Pressure
- Surface and fuel temperature profiles

## Model Outputs

- Equilibrium vapor concentration
- Hydrocarbon concentration as a function of time
- Ullage temperature profile

## Experimental Setup

- Rectangular fuel tank – 36”x36”x24”, 1⁄4” aluminum
- Sample ports – heated hydrocarbon sample lines
- 12 thermocouples
- Blanket heater for uniform heating
- FID hydrocarbon analyzer, cal. w/2% propane
- JP-8 jet fuel

## Experimental Setup

## Experimental Procedure

- Fill tank with specified quantity of fuel
- Let sit for 1-2 hours until equilibrium is reached
- Take initial hydrocarbon reading to get equilibrium concentration
- Set fuel temperature setpoint and begin heating fuel
- Experiment concludes when hydrocarbon concentration levels off and decreases

## Experimental Results

## Experimental Results

## Slide 16

## What’s Next

- Complete preliminary sea-level tests and “iron out” the test procedure
- Perform tests at constant subatmospheric pressures, verify accuracy of model
- Perform flight profile tests, with varying atmospheric conditions simulating climb, cruise, and descent
# Presentation: 392105

## Nuclear Power Plants . . . 

- Operate in most States and produce about 20 percent of the Nation’s power.  Nearly 3 million Americans live within 10 miles of an operating nuclear power plant.

## What Is Radiation? 

- Radioactive materials are composed of unstable atoms. Unstable atoms give off excess energy until they become stable.  The energy emitted is radiation.

## Hazards

- Major hazards to people in the vicinity of the plume:
- Radiation exposure to the body from the cloud and particles deposited on the ground.
- Inhalation of radioactive materials.
- Ingestion of radioactive materials.

## Emergency Planning Zones

- Within a 10-mile radius, people could be harmed by direct radiation exposure.
- Within a 50-mile radius, radioactive materials could contaminate water supplies, food crops, livestock.

## Minimizing Radiation Exposure 

- Time
- Distance
- Shielding

## Nuclear Emergency Terms 

- Notification of Unusual Event
- Alert
- Site Area Emergency
- General Emergency

## Awareness Measures 

- Learn community’s warning system.
- Obtain emergency public information.
- Learn emergency plans.

## During a Nuclear Power Plant Emergency

- Listen to warnings.
- Stay tuned to local radio or television.
- Evacuate, if advised to do so.
- If not advised to evacuate, you may be advised to shelter in place.

## Shelter and feed livestock, if time permits.
Do not use the telephone.
If you suspect exposure, shower thoroughly.
Cover or refrigerate food.

- Do not use the telephone.
- If you suspect exposure, shower thoroughly.
- Cover or refrigerate food.

- During a Nuclear Power Plant Emergency

## After a Nuclear Power Plant Emergency  

- Return home only when advised by authorities.
- If at home, remain inside until advised.
- Get medical treatment, if needed.
# Presentation: 134389

## DataSpeak

- Contextual Analysis:Applying the Statistical Concepts to Real Data

- July 11, 2007

## Previous Events

- Archives Available at:
- _www.mchb.hrsa.gov/mchirc/dataspeak_
**2007 Series:**
- HIV/AIDS among Women: Maternal and Child Health and HIV/AIDS Partnerships for Prevention, Testing, and Care (June 28, 2007—available soon!)
- Contextual Analysis #2: Methods for Understanding and Interpreting Multilevel Analysis (June 6, 2007)
- Contextual Analysis #1: A Tool for Understanding Disparities in Preterm Birth (May ’07)
- New Findings from the National Survey of Children’s Health (February ’07)

## Today’s Presenter

_**Patricia O’Campo**_, Ph.D., Director of the Centre for Research on Inner City Health, St. Michael's Hospital; Professor of Public Health Sciences, the University of Toronto
# Presentation: 544015

## Steve Letro 

**Steve Letro **
**Meteorologist in Charge**
**www.nwsjax.noaa.gov**

## Tropical Cyclones

**Tropical Cyclones**

## Slide 3

## Slide 4

## Slide 5

## Slide 6

## Slide 7

## Slide 8

## Slide 9

## Slide 10

## Slide 11

## 1.  A pre-existing disturbance with thunderstorms 
  Warm (at least 80oF) ocean temperatures to a depth of about 150 feet 
  Light upper level winds

**1.  ****A pre-existing disturbance with thunderstorms **
**  ****Warm (at least 80oF) ocean temperatures to a depth of about 150 feet **
**  ****Light upper level winds**

## Slide 13

## Slide 14

## Slide 15

## Slide 16

## Slide 17

## Slide 18

## Slide 19

## Slide 20

## Slide 21

## Slide 22

## Slide 23

## Slide 24

## Slide 25

## Slide 26

## Slide 27

## Slide 28

## Slide 29

## Slide 30

## Slide 31

## Slide 32

## Hurricane Hazards

** ****Storm Surge**
** ****High Wind**
** ****Heavy Rains**
** ****Tornadoes**

## Slide 34

## Slide 35

## The Richelieu Apartments 

**The Richelieu Apartments**** **

## Slide 37

## Slide 38

## Slide 39

## Slide 40

## Slide 41

## Slide 42

## Slide 43

## Slide 44

## Slide 45

## Slide 46

## Slide 47

## Slide 48

## Slide 49

## Tropical Storm Alberto

**July 3-7 1994**
**21.1 inches in 24 hrs - Americus**
**33 Dead**
**50,000 Evacuated**
**$750 Million in Damage**

## Slide 51

## Slide 52

## Slide 53

## Slide 54

## Slide 55

## Slide 56

## Slide 57

## Slide 58

## Slide 59

## Slide 60

## 8W Live Oak, Suwannee County – 9/29/98

**600K**
**Tornado F0-F2**
**5 Injured, 12+ Homes Damaged or Destroyed**, 12+ Vehicles

## Slide 62

## Slide 63

## Slide 64

## Slide 65

## Slide 66

## Slide 67

## Slide 68

## Slide 69

## Slide 70

## Hurricane Forecasting

** ****Process**
** ****Models**
** ****Uncertainly**

## Slide 72

## Slide 73

## Slide 74

## Slide 75

## Slide 76

## Intensity Guidance Models 

**Intensity Guidance Models**** **

## Slide 78

## Slide 79

## Slide 80

## Slide 81

## Steve Letro 

**Steve Letro **
**Meteorologist in Charge**
**www.nwsjax.noaa.gov**
# Presentation: 281717

## AFTRCC PRESENTATIONto the Intergovernmental Radio Advisory Committee GPS Re-radiationDevices Applications

## Introduction

- AFTRCC founded nearly 50 years ago
- Represents aerospace industry interests on radio spectrum policy issues
- Recognized by FCC and NTIA as Non-Government coordinator for the shared, Government/Non-Government flight-test frequencies
- Membership:
**-  ****Agilent Technologies****	****-  Northrop Grumman**
**-  Bechtel****	****	****	****-  Raytheon**
**-  Boeing****	****	****	****-  Rockwell Collins**
**-  Bombardier****	****	****-  Spectrum Certification Solutions**
**-  Herley Lancaster****	****	****-  Textron (Bell Helicopter and Cessna)**
**-  L-3****	****	****	****-  United Technologies (Sikorsky)**
**-  Lockheed Martin****	****	**

## Aerospace Industry Vital to US Economy

- Generates 15 % of GDP and over 11 million jobs
- Over 40 % of industry’s products are exported
- Largest net exporter of manufactured goods
- Central to US lead in technology

## AFTRCC Use of and Need for GPS Re-radiation Devices

- Allows Indoor Maintenance and Testing of GPS-Dependent Equipment and Systems
- Enables receipt of a GPS signal within Hangar
- No Longer Dependent Upon the Weather
- Saves Time/Money
- Allows schedules to be met
- Avoids delivery penalties
- Testing Navigation and Other Aircraft Systems

## AFTRCC Supports

- Regulatory Conditions in Section 8.3.28 of the NTIA Manual
- Properly address the potential for interference
- Individual FCC Licensing of Devices/Systems
- Need to ensure application process is not overly burdensome
- Limited GPS Re-radiation device use

## AFTRCC Proposes

- Single approach to FAA coordination – Regional Office
- Determination that NTIA Manual Section 8.3.16 is not applicable to FCC applications for GPS Re-radiation devices
- FCC licensing maximum power designation be consistent with NTIA Manual, EIRP not ERP
# Presentation: 382257

## Otto Prohaska
Science and Technology Group
Otto.Prohaska@PerkinElmer.com

**Otto Prohaska**
**Science and Technology Group**
**Otto.Prohaska@PerkinElmer.com**

## PerkinElmer Instruments

**Analytical Instrument Manufacturer**
**GC, GC/MS, HPLC**
**ICP-OES, ICP-MS, AA**
**UV/Vis, FTIR, FT Imaging**
**Research new technologies**
**New instrument development for total and speciated sulfur monitoring**
**New sulfur detection technology – patents filed**

## Summary of Key Technical Results

**Resolution - 0.15 pgmS/s;  sample used for the study: thiophene**
**Response Time - PWHM: 0.95 sec**
**Selectivity - versus HCs is > 10****6**
**Precision - < 3% for 10 runs**
**Stability - drift < 5% per day**
**Interferents - < 0.3% for nitrogen, phosphorous, chlorine compounds**
**Linear Dynamic Range - 10****5** **(concentration range with linear response)**

## Thiophene Response with PKI and SCD Detectors

- Concentration: 200 ppm Thiophene
- Split Ratio: 100:1
- PWHM=1.4 s
- Signal/Noise = 4700
- Peak Asymmetry factor at 5 % =1.22

***Thiophene Response with PKI and SCD Detectors***

-  PKI Detector Response

- 300

- 400

- 500

- 600

- 2.22

- 2.26

- 2.30

- 100

- 200

- 2.20

- 2.25

- 2.30

- SCD Signal(mV)

- Time (min)

- Amount Injected 0.5 uL
- Concentration: 200 ppm Thiophene
- Split Ratio: 100:1
- PWHM=1.2 s
- Signal/Noise = 5400
- Peak Asymmetry factor at 5 %=1.3

- 1

- 2

- 3

- 4

- 1 Dimethyl Sulfide
- 2 Ethyl Methyl Sulfide
- 3 Thiophene
- 4 Toluene Solvent

- PKI Detector Response

- Time(min)

***Sulfur Compound Standard from Sievers:***
***Results with PKI Detector***

## Gasoline Sample

- 0 Unidentified Sulfur Compound
- 1 Thiophene
- 2 2-Methyl Thiophene
- 3 3-Methyl Thiophene
- 4 2-Ethyl Thiophene
- 5 Alkyl Thiophene
- 6 BenzoThiophene
- 7 Methyl Benzothiophene
- 8 Dimethyl Benzothiophene

- Time(min)

## Gasoline Response with PKI and SCD Detector

- 1

- 2

- 3

- 4

- 5

- 6

- 7

- 1 Thiophene
- 2 2-Methyl Thiophene
- 3 3-Methyl Thiophene
- 4 Alkyl Thiophene
- 5 Benzo-Thiophene
- 6 Methylbenzo-Thiophene
- 7 Dimethyl Benzo- Thiophene

***Gasoline Response with PKI and SCD Detector***

-  PKI Detector Response

- 1 Thiophene
- 2 2-Methyl Thiophene
- 3 3-Methyl Thiophene
- 4 Alkyl Thiophene
- 5 Benzo-Thiophene
- 6 Methylbenzo-Thiophene
- 7 Dimethyl Benzo- Thiophene

- SCD Signal(mV)

- Time(min)

- 1

- 2

- 3

- 4

- 5

- 6

- 7

## Long –Term Stability - Gasoline

##  Total Sulfur Measurement in Gasoline

- PKI Detector Response

## Summary of Key Technical Results

**Resolution - 0.15 pgmS/s;  sample used for the study: thiophene**
**Response Time - PWHM: 0.95 sec**
**Selectivity - versus HCs is > 10****6**
**Precision - < 3% for 10 runs**
**Stability - drift < 5% per day**
**Interferents - < 0.3% for nitrogen, phosphorous, chlorine compounds**
**Linear Dynamic Range - 10****5** **(concentration range with linear response)**
# Presentation: 376457

## THE EXCITEMENT OF SCIENCE

**THE EXCITEMENT OF SCIENCE**

**Classroom Presentations & Ask-a-Scientist**

- M. Bardeen, UEC Workshop, May 2007

## Going to school is really cool!

**Going to school is really cool!**

- M. Bardeen, UEC Workshop, May 2007

## Electricity and Magnetism

**Electricity and Magnetism**

**Force and Motion**

**The Physics of Sports**

**Light and Color**

**Cryogenic Show**

**Space, Time and Einstein**

## Ask-a-Scientist

**Ask-a-Scientist**

**"Seeing the Unseen" - M. Albrow**
**"Accelerator Basics" - T. Johnson**
**"How Strong is the Strong Force" -  P. Skands**

## QuarkNet Cosmic Ray Studies

**QuarkNet Cosmic Ray Studies**

- M. Bardeen, UEC Workshop, May 2007
# Presentation: 003373

## RECENT PRECIPITATION INDEX* (PI) IMPROVEMENTS

**AIRS/AMSU/HSB Team Meeting**
**February 25-27, 2003**

- Added 13-km resolution precipitation product to JPL software
- Made code more robust
- Developed 4-quadrant precipitation taxonomy predicting accuracy
- Performed preliminary PI assessment in three taxonomy quadrants:
- Ice-topped convection, icy stratiform, warm rain precipitation

**RECENT PRECIPITATION INDEX********* (PI) IMPROVEMENTS**

## PRECIPITATION INDEX TAXONOMY

|  | Ice Aloft > 100 microns | Other cases |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Convective Precipitation (vertical velocity > ~4 ms-1) | Rain and snow retrievals
Good accuracies expected and observed (vs NEXRAD)
Two journal papers (2000, 2003)
Extensive evaluation planned
Significant improvement planned | Rain retrievals
Uncommon
Usable accuracies expected
Searching for examples |
| Stratiform Precipitation (vertical velocity < ~4 ms-1) | Rain and snow retrievals
Poorer accuracies expected and observed (BALTEX, polar snow, U.S. snow)
Journal papers planned
Collaboration using MM5 model | Rain retrievals (warm rain)
Poorer accuracies expected
Evaluation beginning
Physics to be added |

## BALTRAD COMPARISONS WITH PRECIPITATION INDEX (PI)

- Sarah Franquet, PhD thesis completed
- Storms in summer and winter compared with all working BALTRAD radars (bordering Baltic Sea; latitude > ~55N)
- BALTRAD calibration varies significantly day-to-day and site-to-site
- General tendency to overestimate Baltic BALTRAD summer precipitation rates using U.S.-tuning, and to underestimate winter storm rates (after September); reasons being studied

## POLAR SNOW

- Several storms studied
- Care required to distinguish precipitation from “dry-air holes” over reflective ice
- Excellent morphological agreement with MM5 precipitation predictions based on ECMWF initialization (Le-Sheng Bai and David H. Bromwich, personal communication)

## AIRS/AMSU/HSB vs PREDICTED MM5* PRECIPITATION

- *Le-Sheng Bai and David H. Bromwich, personal communication, July 20, 2002 snow storm

- ~220 km

- No Data

- North Pole

- Aqua

- MM5
- (V3.5)

- North Pole

- 1118 UTC

- 1248 UTC

- 20-km cells
- 28  levels
- ECMWF 00 UTC

- 1000-1100 UTC

- 1300-1400 UTC
# Presentation: 498959

## Summary of Results from Questionnaire on Possible Teleconference Topics

**ORO Bimonthly Teleconference**
**Paula Squire Waterman**
**Office of Research Oversight**

## Suggestions of possible opics for future teleconferences

**2/22/08 - Questionnaires sent to the list of those receiving announcements for ORO Bimonthly Teleconference**

## The most popular  topics

_**Data Repositories and Tissue banking (ORD)(34)**_
_**Breakdown of VA Handbook 6500 – how it relates to research (33) **_
_**QA/QI projects for HRPPs (national/local panel including field personnel) (32)**_
**Compliance case studies taken from ORO site visits (25)**
** ****Possible strategies for IRB review of privacy/data security in both biomedical and behavioral research (25)**
** ****Special HSR&D issues (especially the line between QA and research) (25)**

## The least popular topics

- Procedures for debarment of research investigators (31)
- How to manage/run IRB meetings (29)
- MIRECC issues (24)
- Differences/similarities between human subject protection and animal welfare programs (23)
- Communication between VA facility and affiliate when they use the same IRB or IACUC (20)
- Compliance in animal research programs (16)

## It is not too late to submit your suggestions

- Questionnaire included with agenda   –or-
- Send an e-mail to
- 	_[Paula.waterman@va.gov](mailto:Paula.waterman@va.gov)_
- I will e-mail you a copy of the questionnaire
- Complete and return as instructed

## Questions?

**Comments?**
# Presentation: 528525

## Fault Tolerant Condor-PVM (FATCOP):A Mixed Integer Program Solver

- Michael C. Ferris
- Qun Chen
- University of Wisconsin

## Condor and Modeling Languages

- Use Condor within GAMS and AMPL
- Described at previous meeting
- Joint work with Todd Munson
- Paper now available
- Application in Feature Selection
-  Solves 1600 MIPS on 200 machines over 3 days

- FATCOP

## Summary

**FATCOP **is a new parallel mixed integer program solver written using PVM in Condor's opportunistic environment.
- Features:
- Task farm implementation under Condor-PVM framework
- Tolerant to task exit and host deletion
- Options on branching, searching and preprocessing similar to commercial software such as CPLEX
- Accepts both MPS and GAMS models as input
- Object oriented implementation (using SOPLEX) for easy modification of code

- FATCOP

## Condor and PVM

- FATCOP

## Master-Slave Paradigm for FATCOP

**Three Branch and Bound parallelism types:**
- Solving LP relaxation in parallel for each subproblem
- does not achieve sufficient parallelism
- Introduce parallelism when building the BB tree
- widely used
- appropriate for implementation on asynchronous MIMD system
- Includes:
- single-pool algorithm (e.g. Master-slave)
- multi-pool algorithm
- Building several BB trees in parallel
- not been studied fully, rarely used

- FATCOP

## Slide 6

- FATCOP

## Performance of FATCOP

**Serial code:**  performs very well on problems from MIPLIB and GAMS library
**Parallel code:** suffers big delay in startup phase
- Total execution time includes:
- Startup time
- Error handling time
- Solution time
- GAMS model generation time

- FATCOP

## Current Work

- More efficient node add and deletion scheme
- Generating cutting planes at the top node to strengthen serial code and/or lift and cut
- Solving the nonlinear MIP
- Interaction between metaNEOS groups

- FATCOP

## Problem

- Setup

- Create
- Work Pool

- Spawn Slave
- Request Host

- Host Add

- Sub Solved

- Error

- Receive
- Solve
- Report

- Send Data
- Send Problem
- Request Host

- Clean Up

- Remove Prob
- Update Pool
- Send New

- FATCOP

## Future Implementation FATCOP

- Get problem(MPS/GAMS)

- Preprocess

- Solve LP relaxation of the reduced model

- Create M subproblems in work pool

- Spawn a single slave and request one more host

- Send subproblems from the pool and mark them

- Receive any message from anywhere

- Feasible and not optimal?

- yes

- Feasible?

- yes

- Pool and busy list empty?

- yes

- Kill all slaves

- no

- Unmark the subproblem, update idle/busy list

- If get error message

- If get solution message

- Update work pool using received bounds

- Update idle/busy list then send a new subproblem

- stop

- no

*Message receiving loop*

- stop

- Receive any message from master

- Receive LP model

- Perform bounding operations on P+ and P-

- Send new bounds back to master

**Master**
**program**

**Slave **
**program**

*Reduced LP model*

*Modified bounds,optimal *
*basis and branching variable*

*Bounds of P+ and P-*

**Future Implementation FATCOP**

- If get host add message

- FATCOP
# Presentation: 135709

## Primary Outreach Strategies

**   *****Community Events, Education Campaign***
**Hispanic Health Council, Hartford, CT**
**Lone Star Legal Aid, Houston, TX**
**Legal Aid of Nebraska, Omaha, NE**
**Congreso de Latinos Unidos, Philadelphia, PA**
**City of Oakland, CA**
**Southern Good Faith Fund, Pine Bluff, AR**
**Harbor Interfaith Services, San Pedro, CA**

## Primary Outreach Strategies

** *****Working with Employers***
**Jewish Vocational Service, Boston, MA**
**Alamo Area Development Corp, San Antonio, TX**
*** ******Working with Retailers***
**FoodChange, New York, NY**

## Primary Outreach Strategies

** *****Working with Other FNS Programs***
**Community Food Bank, Tucson, AZ **
*** ******Outstationing, Site Visiting ***
**The Outreach Center, Morganton, NC**
**Shared Harvest Food Bank, Fairfield, OH**
**Food Bank of Northern Nevada, Sparks, NV**
**City Housing Authority, Milwaukee, WI**
**Community Action Council, Worcester, MA**

## Primary Challenges

**Assisting the homeless**
**Follow up**
**Encouraging seniors to apply**
**Addressing client transportation issues**
**No auto**
**No money for fuel**
**No mass transportation**
**Aiding those who want help but refuse to apply.**

## Most Effective Techniques

** ****Give presentations followed by an opportunity to make private appointments for pre-screening.**
** ****Address audiences/clients in their own language.**
** ****Take the application process to the people.**
**Out-stationing at pantries**
**Mobile units**
**Establish processing sites in the community**

## Most Gratifying Experience

** ****Inspired by the work**
** ****Witnessing the improvement in client’s quality of life**
**Helping clients rise above circumstances improves their self esteem. **
**They get jobs and better housing as a result.**
** ****Local office comments **
**People prepped by the FSO worker get benefits quickly.**
**Gratifying to be involved with other agencies to achieve a common goal.**
# Presentation: 100426

## Review of Packet Contents (we provided)

- CM/ECF Assistance Quick List
- Civil and Criminal Events Lists
- Attorney Issues
- Notice of Appeal
- No combination documents
- Docket pleadings in proper order
- Docket in correct case - or main case in consolidated
- Terming Deadlines
- Extra text
- Filing paper documents with the Court
- Sealed Motion vs. Motion to Seal - Make sure wording is clear on document as to whether it is sealed or is requesting to seal another document

## Review of Packet Contents (we provided)

- Privacy Policy - Attorney is responsible for redacting - *No minors names, financial account numbers, home addresses or SSN - file motion to seal if necessary.  Also use caution when filing any documents listed on second page.*
- Top 10 E-Filer Problems
- Documents Not E-Filed
- Scanning Tips - DO NOT USE OCR OR TEXTBRIDGE
- CM/ECF E-Filers Checklist
- Registration Form

## Registration Process

- Must be active and paid member of the Utah federal court
- Must meet training requirements - this class is one of those
- Submit Registration Form with original signature to the Court
- Court will mail user name and password to you
- Password is randomly generated and can be changed by contacting the Court
- By registering you are consenting to only receive notice via e-mail (see first bullet point on registration form.)
# Presentation: 245691

## Service Organization “Then”

- Office of Research and Development

## Office of Research and Development

- Service Organization Now...

## Biomedical Laboratory R&D

- Supports investigator-initiated research to  study basic biological or physiological principles related to disorders and diseases of importance to the health of veterans.
- Funded programs may use human tissues, blood or other biological specimens or animal models, but do not involve intact human beings.

## Biomedical Laboratory R&D

- _Research Funding Mechanisms_

-   Merit Review: 3-5 year duration
-   Associate Investigator (AI): 1-2 year duration
-   Merit Review Entry Program (MREP): 3 year duration
-   Career Development: 3 year RCD, 3 year ARCD
-   Research Enhancement Award Program (REAP)
-   Centers : HIV, Schizophrenia, Alcohol, Environmental Hazards

## Biomedical Laboratory R&D

- _Opportunities for Additional Funding_

-   Epidemiology Program
-   Clinical Research Program (single site clinical trials)
-   Parkinson’s Disease & Related Neurodegenerative    Disorders RFA
-   Other Research & Development Programs     (RR&D, HSR&D, CSR&D)

## Biomedical Laboratory R&D

- _FY 2003 Budget ~ $169 Million_

## Biomedical Laboratory R&D

- _Combined Program Review_

## Biomedical Laboratory R&D

- _Portfolio Management_

-   Aging/Geriatric/Behavioral/Psychiatric
-   Immunological/Infectious Disease
-   Oncology
-   Cardiology/Pulmonary
-   Endocrine/Renal
-   GI/Liver/Trauma/Surgery
-   Neurobiology

## Neurological and Sensory Disorders

- (1) _Neural Injury and Repair_
-      Stroke
-      SCI and Nervous System Trauma
-      Epilepsy
-      Sleep Disorders
- (2) _Neurodegeneration and Dementia_
-       PD and Neurodegenerative Diseases
-       AD, Dementias, and Aging
-       Neurocognitive Disorders (Non-AD)
- (3) _Special Senses_
-       Vision
-       Hearing
-       Taste and Smell
- (4) _Neuromuscular and Autonomic Function_
-       Neuromuscular Disorders
-       Autonomic Control
-       Pain
-       Neuroendocrine Function

- (5) _Substance Abuse and Metabolic Disorders_
-      Alcohol and Other Toxins
-      Persian Gulf (neurological Complications)
- (6) _Immune and Infectious Disorders_
-      Infections of the Nervous System
-      MS and Neuroimmunological Disorders
- (7) _Genomics and Proteomics_
-      Genetics and Metabolic Disorders
-      Neuro-Oncology
# Presentation: 854630

## PD Front End Focusing Solenoids

- Status

- PD Focusing System Meeting

- 06/03/05

## Requirements

- _Requirements as of May 2005_:
- RT          – FI = 156 T2cm
- SSS       -- FI =  630 T2cm
- DSS       -- FI =  960 T2cm

- PD Focusing System Meeting

- 06/03/05

## Requirements – New Reading

- Source – two talks of G.R.:
- 				January 13 and April 14
- Still requirements are controversial.

- PD Focusing System Meeting

- 06/03/05

## RT Section Solenoid

- FI = 500 T^2*cm @ 300 A
- FI = 264 T^2*cm @ 212 A (B = 5 T, margin 45%)

- PD Focusing System Meeting

- 06/03/05

## Single Spoke Resonator Section Solenoid

- 150 mm in length

- FI = 440 T2-cm @ 188 A;
- FI = 313 T2-cm @ 170 A;
- B = 7.2 T, Margin ~ 18%
**Plenty of space ????**

- PD Focusing System Meeting

- 06/03/05

## SSR Solenoid. Dressing 

- Almost there on paper.
- Need more space to fit into
- Option of  2 K operation
- Option of making Nb3Sn insert

- PD Focusing System Meeting

- 06/03/05

## DSR Solenoid

- Cold Mass Length – 290 mm

- FI = 1412 T2-cm @ 169 A;
- FI =  480 T2-cm  @ 100 A;
- B = 5.1 T, Margin ~ 70%
- Can reduce length a bit ??

- All design features are similar to SSRS

- PD Focusing System Meeting

- 06/03/05

## Other World Solenoids

- PD Focusing System Meeting

- 06/03/05

## Conclusion

- 1. RT section solenoid – ready to start  design and making mockups. Some paper work is still needed in the field of prestress application.
- 2. SSRS  -  do not meet criteria of sufficient margin, but taking into the account space, ....
- 3. DSRS – looks like an overshoot.
- 3. Can we think about increasing space as we think we need?

- PD Focusing System Meeting

- 06/03/05
# Presentation: 736937

## POLARORBITINGSATELLITES

## Slide 2

## NATIONAL WEATHER

- SERVICE
- ALASKA REGION

- RADARSAT
- SAR

- DMSP

- NOAA
- POES

- FENG
- YUN

- MODIS

- QUICK SCAT

- METOPS

- POLAR ORBITING SATELLITES

- SEA ICE/SST

- AVIATION
- PROGRAM

- HYDROLOGY
- PROGRAM

- FIRE
- WEATHER

- PUBLIC
- PROGRAM

- MARINE
- PROGRAM

- CLIMATE
- MONITORING

## Slide 4

## Slide 5

## Polar Satellite Data For Decision Support

- Must be timely
-       - within a few minutes of receipt
-       - forecast watched and warnings are event driven
- (2) Products must be “user friendly”
-       - rapid and accurate analysis and interpolation
-       - assumes forecasters well trained
- 93) Product must be adaptable
-       - cover unique situations
- (4) Must have an effective backup
-       - minimize delays of products
# Presentation: 226789

## Issues with Continuous  Mercury Monitoring Data

**Utility MACT W. G. Meeting **
**Washington, DC**
**March 4, 2003**

## “Longer-Term” Sampling Sites

## Slide 3

## Test 1

**Two identical measurement systems.**
**Downstream cold-side ESP.**
**Sampling probes ~ 3 ft  apart.**
**Operated ~72 hours.**

## Slide 5

## Slide 6

## Test 2

**One sampling system, two Hg analyzers.**
**Otherwise identical to Test 1.**

## Slide 8

## Future Activities/Research

**Complete analysis of parametric SCEM data.**
**Improve understanding of root causes of “spurious” signals.**
** ****Determine if feasible to eliminate or at least mitigate such instrument responses.  **
# Presentation: 755028

##  OUTSOURCING OF AIR FORCE LIBRARIES

**Barbara Wrinkle, Director**
**Air Force Libraries**

## Air Force Overview

**Identified libraries as commercial activities**
**Identified libraries as mission essential**
**Vital for mission and education support**
**Listed libraries among first candidates for contracting out**
**Contract out staff functions**
**Maintain Air Force control**

## Current Options

**A-76**
**Full study**
**Direct conversion**
**Nonappropriated Fund Instrumentality Memorandum of Agreement (NAFI MOA)**

## Current Status

**39 contract operations**
**32 general libraries**
**39% of general libraries**
**7 technical libraries**
**47% of technical libraries**
**6 NAFI MOAs (****as of 30 Sep 02****)**
**7% of general libraries**
**Adding others in FY03**
**4 remained in-house as MEO**

## Strategic SourcingNAFI MOA

**Achieve mandated savings**
**Flexibility**
**Provides better control of resources**
**Provider of service remains an **
**Air Force resource**

## Outsourcing Impact

**Employee and organizational attitude**
**Loss of corporate knowledge**
**Turbulent transition**
**Three types of library management**
**APF, Contractor, NAFI MOA**
**Learning to accept each other**
**Non threatening atmosphere**
**Maintaining cohesive program**
**Leadership + Partnership = Success**

## Customer Feedback

**Customer satisfaction may decrease during transition**
**Within one year back up to Air Force average**
**Type of management is transparent to most customers**

## Problem Areas

**Authority versus Responsibility**
**Transitions**
**Contract evaluators**
**Increased security requirements**

## Lessons Learned

**Strategic planning **
**Identify core competencies**
**Staffing**
**Professionals**
**Standards and measurements**
**Training**

## QUESTIONS?

**Barbara D. Wrinkle**
**HQ AFSVA/SVPAL**
**10100 Reunion Place, Ste 502**
**San Antonio TX 78216-4138**
**Voice (210) 652-4589**
**Fax (210) 652-7039**
**Barbara.Wrinkle@agency.afsv.af.mil**
# Presentation: 422168

## Many body effects in electronic dynamics and transport

- Electron-electron interaction in the Spin Hall Effect

- Giovanni Vignale, University of Missouri-Columbia, DMR-0313681

- The Spin Hall Effect is the generation of a lateral spin current from a regular electric current.  It attracts great interest as a method to separate electrons of opposite spin by purely electrical means (see Figure).  The main driving mechanism for the Spin Hall Effect is the scattering of electrons by impurities in the presence of spin-orbit interaction. The figure shows the two main processes through which impurities separate the spins: they are known as  _**skew scattering**_ and  _**side jump**_.
- In addition, the magnitude of the spin current is strongly influenced by the Coulomb interaction between the electrons.   When electrons of opposite spin travel in opposite directions they exert a force on each other, tending to reduce the relative motion.  This is the phenomenon of the _spin Coulomb drag_ and we have studied its impact on the Spin Hall Effect.

## How to distinguish different contributions to the spin Hall effect

- Our results are summarized in the top figure on the right. We found that the spin Coulomb drag *reduces* the skew-scattering contribution.   The contributions with and without Coulomb drag are shown by the dotted and the dashed green lines respectively. The side-jump contribution (blue dashed line) remains unaffected.  The figure also shows the typical magnitude of the two contributions at different temperatures in a clean GaAs spin Hall bar.

- A crucial experiment
- We propose an experiment to distinguish the skew-scattering and side-jump contributions.  We observe that the side jump and the skew scattering have opposite signs. But the side jump is independent of  temperature while the skew scattering is directly proportional to the electronic mobility - a measure of how fast the electron can drift in an electric field - which in turn is strongly dependent on temperature (green circles on the right).  Hence we expect a transition from a skew-scattering-dominated to a side-jump-dominated regime as the temperature is reduced. A change in sign of the spin accumulation will reveal the transition.