# Presentation: 872242

## Quarkonium suppression from SPS to RHIC 

- Raphaël Granier de Cassagnac
- LLR – École polytechnique / IN2P3
- Hard Probes 2006
- Asilomar, California, June 13th

- 	 (and from pA to AA)

## Are we there yet ?

- density ?

- J/ψ survival
- probability ?

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## A couple of historical facts

- In 1986, Matsui & Satz (happy birthday Helmut) predicted an “unambiguous” signature of QGP, that was immediately                                     (1992) seen by NA38                                         in SU collisions...

- NA38, NPA544 (1992) 209

- Matsui & Satz, PLB178 (1986) 416

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## First, beware of cold nuclear matter effects !

## Cold nuclear matter effects ?

- gluons in Pb / gluons in p

- x

- J/ψ (or cc) absorption
- (Anti) shadowing
- (gluon saturation, CGC...)
- Energy loss of initial parton
- pT broadening (Cronin effect)
- Complications from feeddown ψ’ & χc ?
- Something else ?

- Eskola, Kolhinen, Vogt
- NPA696 (2001) 729

- _An example of gluon shadowing prediction_

- Anti
- Shadowing

- Shadowing

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Cold nuclear matter effects ?

- open charm

- dE/dx ?
- Intrinsic
- Charm ?

- Shadowing ?

- Absorption ?

- σψ(pA) =
- σψ(pp) x A****

-  = xp- xA

-  = xA

- A real puzzle ! Especially when one goes to low x2, high xF...

- See Ming Liu,
- Kirill Tuchin,
- Ivan Vitev...
- in this meeting

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

**Notes:**
NA50 from pA only...
E866 is Be, Fe, W...

## Nobody is perfect...

- @SPS: many pA ! High statistics ! But small kinematics (-0.1 < xF < 0.1)
- Nuclear absorption does a splendid job
- @FNAL: less pA... High statistics ! Large rapidity (xF) coverage... No AA...
- Many cold nuclear effects needed !
- @RHIC: only dAu, low statistics, but rapidity (-2.2 to 2.2) and _centrality dependence_
- Absorption + (anti)shadowing

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Cold nuclear matter @ SPS

- _Normal_ nuclear absorption does a _splendid job_ in describing pA, SU, peripheral Pb-Pb...
- (1992 SU suppression was normal)
- exp(-σabs ρ° L) with
- L nuclear thickness &
- σabs = 4,18 ± 0,35 mb

- NA50, EPJ C39 (2005) 335

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## From pA to AA...

- Cold nuclear matter extrapolations always rely on some _models_ and pA _data_ with various balance between the two...
- @SPS, plug measured nuclear absorption either as exp(-ρ σ L) or in Glauber model
- Is there room for (anti)shadowing ?
- Is the pA absorption applicable to AA ?
- ψ’ absorption differs ! (7.9 ± 0.6 mb)
- And feed down ratios may change in AA !
- Not taken care of, but again, absorption does a splendid job from pp to peripheral Pb-Pb

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## First centrality dependence in dA (or pA) measurement
Colored lines:
FGS shadowing for 3 mb
Black lines:
EKS98 shadowing
+ σabs = 0 to 3 mb
Together with rapidity shape, this favours EKS98 + moderate absorption...

- First centrality dependence in dA (or pA) measurement
- Colored lines:
- FGS shadowing for 3 mb
- Black lines:
- EKS98 shadowing
- + σabs = 0 to 3 mb
- Together with rapidity shape, this favours EKS98 + moderate absorption...

**High x****2**** ~ 0.09**

**Low x****2**** ~ 0.003**

- RdA

- RdAu vs Ncoll @ RHIC

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## RdAu vs rapidity @ RHIC

- RdA

- RdAu vs rapidity @ RHIC

- Data favours
- (weak) shadowing
- Eskola, Kolhinen, Salgado
- prescription matches better
- (weak) absorption
- σabs ~ 1 to 3 mb !
- (4.18 ± 0.35 mb @SPS)
- But with limited statistics difficult to disentangle nuclear effects !

- PHENIX, PRL96 (2006) 012304
- Klein,Vogt, PRL91 (2003) 142301
- Kopeliovich, NPA696 (2001) 669

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## From dA to AA @ RHIC

- What is on the market ?
- First, the dA data are poor...
- A model of nuclear absorption + (anti)shadowing
- (Ramona Vogt, nucl-th/0507027)
- exp -(σdiss(y)+σdiss(-y))n0L
- (Karsch, Kharzeev & Satz PLB637(2006)75)
- σdiss from fits on dA data 
- But shadowing doesn’t go like L...
- My own toy model
- (next 3 slides)

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## My own toy model (1/3)

- Data driven, as much as possible...
- Phenomenological fit to RdA(b) 
- Plug this in AuAu Glauber: RAA(y,bAA) = Σcollisions                      		[ RdA(-y,b1) x RdA (y,b2) ]
- Works for absorption & shadowing since: production ~ pdf1 x pdf2 x exp –nσ(L1+L2)

- Y = -1.7

- Y = 0

- Y = 1.8

- RdA

- b(fm)

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## My own toy model (2/3)

- Bands are statistical and systematic errors from dAu
- No systematics from the method itself (work in progress)
- Average on AuAu centrality classes to compare to data...

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## My own toy model (3/3)

- Comparison to AuAu data and Ramona’s model...

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Then... What’s going on with the anomalous suppression ?

## What’s going on @SPS ?

- Several models could fit NA50
- Plasma (either thermal or percolative)
- Comovers (hadronic or partonic ?)
- Now NA60...
- Difficult to
- reproduce...

- Roberta Arnaldi, QM05
- + new analysis, this meeting

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## What’s going on @ RHIC ?

- What’s going on @ RHIC ?

- Shadowing + nuclear absorption (crucial !)

- PHENIX, QM05, nucl-ex/0510051
- + Abigail Bickley, this meeting
- Vogt, nucl-th/0507027

- Error bar code : bars = statistical,
- bracket = systematic, box : global.

- 1.2 < |y| < 2.2

-  -0.35 < y < 0.35

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## “NA50 only” effects

- Capella, Ferreiro, EPJC42 (2005) 419
- Grandchamp et al, PRL92 (2004) 212301
- Kotstyuk et al, PRC68 (2003) 041902
-  Digal, Fortuno, Satz, EPJC32 (2004) 547
- 	       + Private communications +

- Cold effects + ...
- Comovers (hadrons or partons?)
- Kinetic model (J/ψ  c c )
- Thermal plasma
- All overestimate suppression !
- So does parton percolation
- Onset at Npart ~ 90
- Simultaneous J/ψ + χc + ψ’

- (AuAu only)

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## 1st. Recombination ?

- 1st. Recombination ?

- A variety of recombination & coalescence models can accommodate the suppression...
*“ **But early results suggest some competing mechanism, such as reformation of J/**ψ** particles, *_*may*_* occur at these densities. ”    *Riordan & Zajc,
- Scientific American
- To know more, look at y, pT...

- Grandchamp et al, PRL92 (2004) 212301
- Bratkoskaya et al, PRC69 (2004) 054903
- Andronic et al, PLB571 (2003) 36
- Thews & Mangano, PRC73 (2006) 014904c
-                       + Private communications +

- (AuAu only)

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

**Notes:**
+ régénération
Zhu Phys.Lett.B607:107-114,2005
Bratkoskaya Phys.Rev.C69:054903,2004 
Andronic Phys.Lett.B571:36-44,2003 
Hadron string dynamics
+ statistical coalescence
+ statistical hadronization

## y shape (vs recombination)

- Recombination emphasizes quark y-distribution
- Quark (open charm)         y-distribution unknown
- No significant change in rapidity in data...

- Recombined only !

-  Thews & Mangano, PRC73 (2006) 014904c

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

**Notes:**
Thews, Phys.Rev.C73:014904,2006 

## <pT2> (vs Cronin effect)

- <pT2> (vs Cronin effect)

- <pT2>AA = <pT2>pp +   pT2 x L [nuclear matter thickness]
- (random walk of initial gluons)

- VN Tram, Moriond 2006 & PhD thesis

- Lower energy survey
- pp, pA and AA

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Cronin versus recombination

- At forward rapidity (closed symbols)
- from pp & dA:
- <pT2> = 2.51 + 0.32 L
- (L <-> Ncoll conversion)
- No sign of recombination !
- At mid rapidity       (open symbols)
- Negligible Cronin !?...
- Need better pp !

- VN Tram, Moriond 2006 & PhD thesis
- See Bob Thews talk tomorrow !

- p+p d+Au       Au+Au

- Open symbol: y ~ 0
- Full & curves: y ~ 2

- <pT2> = 2.51 + 0.32 L

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## 2nd. Hydro + J/ψ transport

- One detailed QGP hydro + J/ψ transport (Zhu et al)
- g + J/ψ  c + c
- First published without cold nuclear effects, but here :
- + Nuclear absorption (1 or 3 mb)
- + Cronin effect from dAu
- <pT2> ok (as on previous slide)
- Model should be valid for y=0
- But match y=1.7
- (and central y=0)

- Zhu, Zhuang, Xu,
- PLB607 (2005) 107
- + private communication

- Predicted RAA for y=0

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

**Notes:**
Y=0 is very close !

## 3rd (simple) explanation

- Amount of anomalous suppression depends on cold nuclear effects amplitude
- But could be as low as 30 to 40%
- Compatible to feed-down ratio
- J/ψ ~ 0.6 J/ψ + 0.3 χc + 0.1 ψ’
- Recent lattice Tdψ ~ 1.5 - 2.5 Tc
- ε x (TdJ/ψ ~ 2Tc)4 = 2 εc                                           εdJ/ψ ~ 32 εc !
- Wait for LHC to melt J/ψ ?

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Back to SPS + RHIC

- Sequential melting scenario
- J/ψ survival only
- Excited states melting from ψ’ suppression pattern @ SPS
- Be careful when showing this!
- NA60 and PHENIX are PRELMINARY...
- No systematic uncertainties on PHENIX points
- (see Abigail Bickley’s)
- No uncertainties from cold nuclear matter effects
- However, it does a good job and sequential melting clearly is a _possibility_ !...

- Karsch, Kharzeev & Satz
- PLB637(2006)75

- ???

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Now, can we plot everybody together ?

## x-axis : energy density ?...

- Should be _the_ right variable...
- But we really don’t know how to compare RHIC & SPS !
- ****0 > 1 fm/c @ SPS
- (nuclei take 1.6 fm/c to cross each other)
- ****0 < 1 fm/c @ RHIC
- (formation time ~ 0.35 ?
- thermalization ~ 0.6 to 1 ?)

- All RHIC

- All SPS

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## That’s it for today... 

- NA60 new points from Roberta Arnaldi

- RHIC for 3mb normal absorption

- RHIC for 1mb normal absorption

- (global SPS uncertainty not included)

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Anomalous conclusions

- For now, no model to “explain” NA60:
- But maybe sequential melting ?
- For now, 3 models to “explain” RHIC:
- 1st Recombination ?
- But no sign of y or pT2 modifications...
- J/ψ  (Ncc)2   (but how much is Ncc ?)
- 2nd J/ψ detailed transport in hydro QGP
- 3rd Sequential melting ?
- J/ψ may still survive @ RHIC...
- (this three models assume a QGP...)

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## The show must go on...

- What is coming from SPS ?
- J/ψ flow (Cf. Francesco Prino tomorrow)
- ψ’ from InIn ? Χc from pA ?
- J/ψ pA @ 158 AGeV
- What is coming from RHIC ?
- Final AA analysis
- A bit more data & more bins !
- With a better pp ref (run 5)
- With J/ψ elliptic flow ? 
- First look at ψ’, χc and upsilons
- Going on with run 5 pp...
- STAR entering the game (Cf. Pibero Djawotho)
- What is needed at RHIC !
- More dA ! Better handle cold nuclear effects...
- More AA ! With open charm, ψ’,...
- Better open charm measurements				(SiVTX upgrades 
- And then, we’ll have another story at the LHC !

- Zhu, Zhuang, Xu, PLB607 (2005) 107

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

**Notes:**
17 bins en CuCu
?? en AuAu !

## Back-up slides

## Some more HERA-B points...

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## RAA versus Ncoll

- Hugo Pereira da Costa, for PHENIX, QM05, nucl-ex/0510051

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

**Notes:**
Versus Ncoll !

## Deuteron             Gold 

- In PHENIX, J/ψ mostly produced by gluon fusion, and thus sensitive to gluon pdf
- Three rapidity ranges probe different momentum fraction of Au partons
- South (y < -1.2) : large x2 (in gold)   ~ 0.090
- Central (y ~ 0) : intermediate x2        ~ 0.020
- North (y > 1.2) : small x2 (in gold)    ~ 0.003

- d

- Au

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Quick look to open charm

- Through semileptonic decays (D  e)

- PHENIX, PRL94 (2005) 082301

- ~25% systematic uncertainties
- (without Silicon vertex
- detector upgrade)

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

**Notes:**
14 paires dans les événements les plus centraux !

## Charm quench & flow

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Na50/Phenix comparisons

- NA50 expected 4.18mb

- PHENIX expected

- 1mb

- 3mb

- PHENIX expected

- 1mb

- NA50 expected 4.18 mb

- 3mb

- Consistent suppression amplitude observed
- but cold nuclear effects may be different

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

**Notes:**
Le problème de ces plots, c’est qu’il n’y a pas les points à mi rapidité... 

## measured/expected vs Bj

- Below unity !
- Suppression amplitude consistent within error bars

- abs = 1 mb

- abs = 3 mb

- (x 0) !

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## measured/expected vs Npart

- Under unity
- Larger difference when 1mb but compatible within error bars

- abs = 1 mb

- abs = 3 mb

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## recombination/suppression

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## <pT2> (vs recombination)

- <pT2> (vs recombination)

- Robert Thews, SQM06

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Cronin effect

-  nuclear density,  elastic gluon-nucleon scattering cross section, (<pt2>)
- kick given by each scattering and L average thickness of nuclear matter

*√* s =17.3 GeV : NA50/60  Pb+Pb, In+In
*√* s = 19.4 GeV : NA3 p+p, NA38 p+Cu, p+U,O+U, S+U
*√* s = 27.4 GeV : NA50 p+Be, p+Al, p+Cu, p+W
*√* s = 29.1 GeV :NA51 p+p, p+d, NA50 p+Al, p+W
*√* s = 38.8 GeV : E866/789/771

- Scattering of initial gluons of nucleon before ccbar formation random walk : <pt2>AA = <pt2>pp + (<pt2>) LAA

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Cronin effect

- Cronin : <pt2>AA = <pt2>pp + (<pt2>) LAA

- Extrapolation curve from PHENIX J/ψ results  in p+p and d+Au

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Cronin effect

- At forward rapidity, <pt2> variation compatible with this Cronin extrapolation
- At mid rapidity, measurements in p+p and d+Au indicate a weak Cronin effect

- Cronin : <pt2>AA = <pt2>pp + (<pt2>) LAA
- Extrapolation curve from PHENIX J/ψ results  in p+p and d+Au

- p+p d+Au Au+Au

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## A busy plot about <pT2>

- ( curves to be compared with AA @ 1.2<|y|<2.2 )

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Rapidity width

- No noticeable change in rapidity width

- Width pp =  1.75  0.21

- VN Tram thesis

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## More on transport model...

- 2+1D hydro
- Boltzman-type transport
- Local equilibrium
- (0.8 & 0.6 fm/c)
- Normal to anomalous
- Tc = 165 MeV
- Tfo = 60 MeV
- g+Ψ  cc
- 40% feeddown
- No in-medium mod.
- No absorption @RHIC (here)

- Zhu, Zhuang, Xu,
- PLB607 (2005) 107

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## First upsilons...

- Run 5 pp (3 pb-1)

- Hie Wei, Quark Matter 2005

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Centrality analysis

- Au breaks up in our south beam counter
- Define 4 centrality classes
- Relate centrality to <Ncoll>
- through Glauber computation
- <Ncoll> = 8.4 ± 0.7

**<N****coll****> = 3.2 ± 0.3**

**<N****coll****> = 15.0 ± 1.0**

- South BBC Charge

- Central

- Peripheral

- Counts

- MB

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Centrality analysis

- BBC charge versus ZDC energy

- Most central
- 0 - 5 %
- < Npart > = 351 ± 2.9
- < Ncoll > = 1065 ± 105

- Most peripheral
- 80 – 92.2%
- < Npart > = 6.3 ± 1.2
- < Ncoll > = 4.9 ± 1.2

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Cross section versus pT

- Cross section versus pT

- Some pT broadening

- PHENIX, PRL96 (2006) 012304

- <pT2> =  <pT2>dAu – <pT2>pp
-  Backward: 1.77 ± 0.37 GeV 2
- Mid: (-1.28 ± 0.94 GeV 2 )
- Forward: 1.12 ± 0.35 GeV 2

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

**Notes:**
Draw the electron points on the same graphs as muons !
pp dielectron point is close to old pp dimuon point...
Clear that this are muons !!!

## Dielectron pp and dA

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## RdAu versus pT

- RdAu versus pT

**Low x****2**

**High x****2**

- Broadening comparable to lower energy       (s = 39 GeV in E866)

- RdA

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Cross section vs rapidity

- Total cross section
-  (pp  J/ψ)
- 2.61 ± 0.20 ± 0.26 μb
- Error from fit      (incl. syst and stat)
- Error on absolute normalization

- PHENIX, PRL96 (2006) 012304

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

**Notes:**
RUN2 = 234 +/- 36 +/- 34 +/- 24 ! 1.3 sigma appart
« Measure both rapidity »

## Cross section versus pT

- Fit the function
- <pT2> = 2.51 ± 0.21
- ( GeV2 )

- PHENIX, PRL96 (2006) 012304

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

**Notes:**
Draw the electron points on the same graphs as muons !
pp dielectron point is close to old pp dimuon point...
Clear that this are muons !!!

## p+p perspectives

- Production mechanism
- Color Octet Model does the job
- In AA (or dA)
- Large combinatorial background
- Low physics background
- (Drell-Yan or dileptons from open charm)
- p+p is our baseline
- Nuclear modification factor
- Run5 pp analysis going on
- > 10 times statistics

- PRL96, 012304 (2006)

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## NA50 versus NA60 (QM05)

- No overlap...

- Good agreement !

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

##  versus X compared to lower s

-  versus X compared to lower s

- Not universal versus X2 : shadowing is not the whole story.
- Same versus XF for diff s. Incident parton energy loss ? (high Xd = high XF)
- Energy loss expected to be weak at RHIC energy.

- X2 (in gold)

- E866, PRL 84, (2000) 3256 NA3, ZP C20, (1983) 101
- PHENIX, PRL96 (2006) 012304

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

**Notes:**
Définir X_F et X_2 !!! Initial state energy loss !!!

## How to get xF scaling ?

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

**Notes:**
FS ? Final State energy loss ! (Kharzeev and Satz)
IC ? Intrinsic charm ! (prendre des grandes énergies)

## Naive picture

- Less absorption
- Shadowing
- Energy loss

- (Kopeliovich)

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Tuchin & Kharzeev 

- Hard probes 2004
- _hep-ph/0504133_
- Coherent production of charm (open or closed)
- (y<0 production time to low to make computation)
- Shadowing from CGC computation...

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## Tuchin & Kharzeev...

- + absorption for
- SPS & fermilab

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th

## ... gold+gold extrapolation ...

- Quarkonium at SPS & RHIC - raphael@in2p3.fr

- HP2006, June 13th