# Presentation: 791862

## Highlights From Flavor Physics at

- Alessandro Cerri

**Notes:**
Give babar and belle results when available
Systematics tables at the end of the talk for each analysis

## Contents

- Introduction
- Samples and modes
- Lifetimes & BR
- CP violation & Mixing
- Conclusions

## Caveat Emptor

- The B group at CDF is very active!
- At the moment we have:
- 48 “public” B physics results
- 18 since ICHEP ’04
- 8 published (lots of publications in the pipeline!)
- Too vast to be covered in 30 minutes!
- I made my choices, we can chat offline about your favorite analysis!
- Other little caveat:
- HEP is a ‘large’ community but CDF has been around for years... I will not cover explicitly detector performances and features!
- Minimal description of reference information

## The basics!

- CDF II has collected so far  ~0.8 fb-1 out of the delivered Tevatron luminosity
- Out of these there are 600 pb-1 available for B physics (tracking detectors restrictions)
- Most analyses shown today use between 250 pb-1 and 350 pb-1 of luminosity!

## The Tevatron is competitive in HF

- B factories program extensive and very successful BUT limited to Bu,Bd
- Tevatron experiments can produce all b species: Bu,Bd,Bs,Bc, B**, b, b

- Compare to:
- (4S)  1 nb (only B0, B+)
- Z0 7 nb
- Unfortunately
- pp 100 mb

- b production in pp collisions is so large (~300 Hz @ 1032 cm-2 Hz) that we could not even cope with writing it to tape!

**Notes:**
Discuss advantage first, problem then, not going forth and back
Stress that B production at 10^32 is so large (300Hz) that we can’t even write it all to tape!
Stress that 100mb can be brought down to much lower rates using basic trigger selections

## Samples

- J/ (dimuon trigger):                            ~  1,000,000 J/
- lDX (4 GeV lepton+displaced track)       ~     100,000 lD
- Fully hadronic (two displaced tracks)    ~       10,000 B
-                                                               ~   1,000,000 D

- Good lifetime (~100fs) and mass resolutions (~15 MeV)
- Mostly HF-dominated background  well modeled
- LARGE:

- KK

**Notes:**
Replace j/psi histogram with B peak based on j/psi??

Change the title to include ‘trigger’
Semileptinic plot
Pick Bs histogram (throw the others?) and use it to show the signal and how well we model the background

Large samples
High precision: good mass and lifetime resolution
Background is HF dominated (most components can be understood from MC)

Trigger slide in the backups

## Organizaton of this talk

- Time frame:
- New results since last users meeting (few exceptions...)
- Focus on results which are complementary to/competitive with B factories
- Emphasize the development of tools and techniques at each step

**Notes:**
Mention that B physics talks are there is a lot of B physics topics which are 

## Complementarity to B factories

- Hep-ex/0505076

- First signal of fully reconstructed Bc
- Direct mass measurement!

**Notes:**
Get rid of this slide or use it aggressively

Or get rid of lambda and Bs, and show the Bc case (table and fully reco’d – compared to the mass measurement)

Add also the Bs BR table
Point out how little it is known experimentally!
Good: lots of things to measure
Bad: normalization is totally floating

## Branching ratios

- We have measured several branching ratios...
- (and many more to come!)

- http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/new/bottom/050310.blessed-dsd/

- http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/new/bottom/050310.blessed-dsd/

- http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/new/bottom/031002.blessed-bs-br/

**Notes:**
One of the first benchmarks is measr=uring BR, the most important are bs and lb, bu and bd are kind of marginal
Too much stuff here
Pick the things we talk about
Move the lambda B to the lifetime section

## Branching Rations, continued: Baryons

- First observation of several b semileptonic decays that can ‘mimic’ the signal
- Estimate the BR based on the observation

- The field to explore is so extensive that we have been ‘stumbling’ upon unobserved signals all over the place, in the ‘easiest’ cases:

**Notes:**
Move to the lifetime section

## b Updated knowledge

- Mass m = 5619.9 **** 1.7 MeV/c2* *

- (4.1  2.0) x 10-3

- c l (5.5  1.8) %

- pK + p                                               < 2.2 x 10-5

- c(2593) + l seen
- c(2625) +l seen
- c++ l seen
- c0 l seen

- c+ seen

******b ****mass**

- Colors:
- PDG2004
- CDF contribution   beyond current PDG2004

## BR & Rare decays

- Exploit the large B production rate
- Measure relative BR (e.g.  to J/K)  to factor out absolute  and luminosity measurements
- SM: BR(Bs) <3.8E-9
- Sensitive to new physics!

- Publ: PRL 93, 032001 2004   Update: Hep-ex/0502044

- PRD 68, 091101 2003

## Lifetimes

**C. Tarantino, hep-ph/0310241 Oct 2003**

- Systematic shift in HQE predictions?
- We can test this: samples are at hand!

- Lifetimes are an important experimental reference:
- Overlap with B factories  understanding of detector/trigger/analysis biases
- Further test on species not produced at B factories

- Experiment

- Theory

**Notes:**
Jpsi lambda_0??

## Lifetimes: fully reconstructed hadronic modes

- (B+) = **1.661±0.027±0.013 ps **
- (B0) = **1.511±0.023±0.013 ps**
- (Bs) = **1.598±0.097±0.017 ps**

- Testbed for our ability to understand trigger biases
- Large, clean samples
- Prerequisite for mixing fits!

**http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/new/bottom/050303.blessed-bhadlife/**

- KK

- Systematics (m)

## Lifetimes: semileptonic

- Largest statistics B sample
- More complicated background
- Full statistics sample still under study. Statistical uncertainty expected:

-            (B+) = **1.653±0.029±0.032 ps, **
-            (B0) = **1.473±0.036±0.054 ps**
-  (B+)/(B0) = **1.123±0.040±0.040**

**http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/new/bottom/050224.blessed-bsemi-life/**

- Our understanding of sample composition tested with ‘inclusive lepton’ sample:
- Working on systematics!

| B+ |  0.025 ps |
| --- | --- |
| B0d |  0.035 ps |
| B0s |  0.04 ps |
| b |  0.05 ps |

- @ ~400 pb-1

**Notes:**
Understanding syst associated with lower momentum

## Constraining HQET tools for Vcb

- Moments: kinematic parameters in BlXc decays

- Mean

- RMS

- HQET Parameters

- Non-leptonic mass in BlXc

- PRDRC 71, 051102 2005

- CDF can probe HQET and constrain it!

**Notes:**
Lifetimes initially gave Vcb
Nowadays techniques are different but there’s interplay between hadron and e+e-
We provide constraints, they provide the numbers...

Expand the Lb lifetime
Have one slide on moments

## CP Violation & Mixing

## CP: Bhh modes

- Difficult competition with B factories for t-dependent tagged measurements
- Interesting B physics measurement of BR and 

- Signals overlap within mass resolution
- Exploit kinematic handles and dE/dX to disentangle components in a combined fit:
- M
- the two track’s momentum imbalance
- dE/dX
-    With perfect particle ID, separation
-             would be ’only’ ~60% better

**Notes:**
-Try to change by hand cyan to something else on top left
contextualize differently: we know we are not competitive with B factories, even though we can measure complementary stuff
Show that our sample is only 1.6 times less effective than a sample with perfect particle ID
Be ready to comment on why alpha is not measureable

## CP: hh modes

- http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/new/bottom/040722.blessed-bhh/

- Good agreement with B factories
- First measurement ever of BsKK

- http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/new/bottom/040624.blessed_Lb_hh_limit/

**Notes:**

Emphasize that one of the most important results to come is the Bs->kk lifetime
See how you measure gamma from this!
Be prepared with a backup on how you measure gamma this way (outstanding issue with fs/fd uncertainty?) 
       [paper from mathias etc from BR , and the standard fleisher method to extract gamma]

Comparison with world average with / without cdf
Add the BaBar results for comparison

Bd modes in good agreement
First ever mesaurement of Bs-> KK
Potentially measure gamma

## CP: sss

- bsss transitions are ‘misbehaving’ at B factories
- ...CDF II can look at them too. We started from K:

- Hep-ex/0502044

- ...With the advantage of being able to look at Bs too:

**Notes:**
First measurement of this mode (phiphi) add at the end of the slide

Add the phi phi result here, relate them together, have a reference to the psi ks thing

## Bs Mixing 101

- ms>>md
- Different oscillation regime        Amplitude Scan

- Perform a ‘fourier transform’ rather than fit for frequency

- ms [ps-1]

- 

- B lifetime

- A

**Notes:**
Start from difference in oscillations
Indicate what the lifetime is with a bar ontop of the histogram (show how many oscillations there are per lifetime)
Approach is then doing a fourier transform
Then point out actual formula
Point out that lifetime resolution is a critical factor
Put a picture of how the amplitude plot looks like, next to the time-dependent plot

## Bs Mixing Ingredients

- Event yield

- Flavor tagging

- Signal-to-noise

- Proper time resolution

## Bs Mixing: tagging performance

## Bs Mixing: semileptonic

- ms> 7.7 ps-1 @ 95% CL
- Sensitivity: 7.4 ps-1

- BsDsl
- Ds    (435594  3.1   )
- DsK*K  (175083  0.42 )
- Ds   (157388  0.32)

- Reach at large ms limited by incomplete reconstruction (ct)!

## Bs Mixing: hadronic

- ms> 0.0 ps-1 @ 95% CL
- Sensitivity: 0.4 ps-1

- BsDs
- Ds    (52633  1.8)
- DsK*K  (25421  1.7)
- Ds    (11618  1.0)

- Low statistics, but promising!

## Combined Bs mixing limit

- ms> 7.9 ps-1 @ 95% CL
- Sensitivity: 8.4 ps-1

- ms> 14.5 ps-1 @ 95% CL
- Sensitivity: 18.6 ps-1

## Bs Mixing Perspectives

- Analysis is pretty much defined! We know where we can improve:
- What happens for extremely large values of ms?
- We have a backup plan...

- Statistics
- Data (brute force)
- D2 :
- Additional taggers (SSK, OSK...)
- Improve existing algorithms
- Proper time resolution

## Probing at large ms: /

- Probing at large ms: /

- BsJ/
*B *VV, mixture of CP even/odd separate by angular analysis
- Combine two-lifetime fit + angular s=H-L
- SM s/s=0.120.06 (Dunietz, Fleischer & Nierste)
- Indirect Measurement of ms

- PRL 94, 101803 2005

- few ps-1 in ms !

**Notes:**
Add reference to ferminews (Konstantint got the URA thesis award for this... somebody else made a thesis out of this?)
Be less incisive on our deficiency, move to deltagamma
Point out that D0 uses our polarization in order to fix some of their fit parameters

Point out that KK can integrate this information

## Conclusions

- 48 public results so far: lots of successful h.f. physics!
- Well established samples and techniques
- Competitive with and complementary to B factories
- Infrastructure, tools and first measurements of Bs mixing are ready!
- Accumulating statistics is now crucial!
- ...still much more to come!

## Backup Slides

## Results Omitted

- Taggers calibration
- Semileptonic (050224)
- Hadronic (050224)
- B mixing with SST (040812)
- Mixing with combined taggers (040812)
- NN based JQT on semileptonics (050303)
- Improved JQT in semileptonics (040812)
- Likelihood based SET (040812)
- Likelihood based ST (040722)
- Relative BR and CP asym. For D0KK,K, (031211)
- b lifetime (030710)
- X(3872) (040624, 040920, 050324)
- M(Ds-D+) (030320)
- D1 and D2 masses (040805)
- B hadrons masses (040428)
- Pentaquark searches (040819, 040428,040219,040428)
- J/ inclusive cross section (030904)
- Direct charm cross section (030403)
- (Wrong sign) D0K PR (040930)
- QCD:
- Inclusive B jet production (Apr ‘05)
- Bbbar dijet production (Apr ’05)

**Notes:**
url to pages
Different color for published/submitted stuff

This is low priority

## Tracking:

- Tracking:
- COT (central wire chamber)
- ISL (Intermediate Silicon Layers)
- SVX II (silicon vertex detector)
- Layer 00 (Innermost layer of the Si detector, glued to the beam pipe)
- PID:
- dE/dX in COT
- TOF (Time of flight detector)

- Lepton ID:
- Muons: CMU, CMX, CMP
- Electrons: CEM (EM calorimeter)
-                   CPR (pre-shower detector)

## Exciting results in the B sector

- Bd,shh
- Bu,d,slD*/+/0X
- Bu,dlD**X
- BsDs
- BsK
- Bs
- Bs(2s)
- BcJ/
- BcJ/X

- Despite the great success of B factories, there is room for interesting B physics at an hadron machine!
- Lifetimes
- Branching ratios
- Rare decays
- CP violation
- Probing of HQET
- Mixing!

## We also have Baryons!

- blcX
- bJ/
- bc
- bph

- Nice probe of HQET
- Inaccessible to b factories
- Lifetimes
- BR
- CP violation?

## D0K//KK
D0
D+K
D*D0
J/
D**D

- D0
- D+K
- D*D0
- J/
- D**D

- Large statistics: charm factory!
- Mostly prompt production
- Many interesting questions:
- Production (, correlations, mechanisms)
- Branching ratios
- CP violation
- Masses and widths (excited states)

## More ‘exotic’ stuff

- Several nice results:
- Baryons
- X(3872)
- Mass
- Lifetime
- Pentaquarks
- ... I don’t have to cover them, but you can look at:
- http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/new/bottom/bottom.html

## Production

- HbX in 37 pb-1 of data!

- PRD 71, 032001 (2005)

|  | Pt thr.
GeV/c | (y<1)
b |
| --- | --- | --- |
| D0 | 5.5 | 13.30.20.5 |
| D*+ | 6.0 | 5.20.10.8 |
| D+ | 6.0 | 4.30.10.7 |
| Ds | 8.0 | 0.750.050.22 |

- PRL 91, 241804 (2003)

**Notes:**
Now In good agreement with theory
Based on low statistics, but we are systematics-dominated
Rates make sense -> input for acceptances and efficiencies established

Get rid of preliminary on the picture!

## Complementarity: Bc

- Hep-ex/0505076

- http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/new/bottom/050330.blessed-bc-jpsimu/

- 106 events

- 46.07.3 events

- First signal of fully reconstructed Bc
- Direct mass measurement!

- Mode that gave the first evidence of the Bc (CDF Run I)
- Large yield, no clean resonance though!

**Notes:**
Breaks the flow
Show the semileptonic signal as an afterthought (we also see the semileptonic signal we used in Run I)

## ...incidentals!

- First observation of several b semileptonic decays that can fake the signal
- Estimate the BR based on the observation

- c(2625)
- c(2593)

- c++,+,0

- The field to explore is so extensive that we have been ‘stumbling’ upon unobserved signals all over the place!

**Notes:**
Move to the lifetime section

## Lifetimes

- Critical testbed of HQE
- HQE vastly used for phenomenology predictions
- b-hadrons lifetime ratios accurately predicted
- Important experimental reference
- Overlap with B factories  understanding of detector/trigger/analysis biases
- Further test on species not produced at B factories

**Notes:**
Lifetimes are an inclusive measurement, not have to do directly with HQET

Change emphasis from theory to simply stating that we believe we should model the lifetime of the hadrons well, and that there is a known outstanding
Problem with the B baryons... then move to what we might be able to say there
(move lLambdac here to show the situation, emphasizing the sample composition issues with lLambdac)

## Lifetimes: J/ modes

- This was the starting point:
- Clean unbiased sample
- Precision measurement
- Reference for biased (e.g. displaced track) triggers
- Crucial test of our understanding of:
- Detector
- Analysis technique
- Sample composition

**http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/new/bottom/040428.blessed-lft2/**

## HQET: baryon lifetimes and B moments

- B lifetimes  Vcb
- Dominant uncertainty comes from HQET extraction!
- CDF can probe HQET and constrain it!

- Probing: b lifetime

**C. Tarantino, hep-ph/0310241 Oct 2003**

- LO

- NLO

- LO

- NLO

- LO

- NLO

**http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/new/bottom/030710.blessed-lambdab-lifetime/**

**Notes:**
Lifetimes initially gave Vcb
Nowadays techniques are different but there’s interplay between hadron and e+e-
We provide constraints, they provide the numbers...

Expand the Lb lifetime
Have one slide on moments

## Bhh kinematics

## Extracting  from Bhh

- Measure ACP(BsKK), ACP(Bd): 4 parameters:
- With each asimmetry:

- Where d and  are different for Bs and Bd, but related under U-spin by:

- Fleischer Hep-ph/9903456

## Extracting  from Bhh

- Assuming also d=, s=0 we can constrain to the BKs value and constrain simultaneously (,,d,)
- SU(3) breaking of the order of 10-15% will lead to systematic effects on this determination of the order of 3o

- This method requires measuring ACP(t) for BsKK...
- Rather unlikely at CDF

- Fleischer Hep-ph/9903456

## Extracting  from Bhh

- Assuming also SU(3) (dd= ds, d=s) we have 3 unknowns (dd, d,) and 3 measurements (including the value of sin2)  we can determine 
- SU(3) breaking effects are parameterized as well

- London & Matias Hep-ph/0404009

## CP: K

- Hep-ex/0502044

- BR systematics

- ACP systematics

## bsss

## Bs Mixing 101

- It’s an Asymmetry measurement!!
- Reconstruct signal
- Hadronic:
- good momentum resolution
- low statistics
- Semileptonic:
- worse momentum resolution
- higher statistics
- Determine “time” of Decay
- measure decay length
- apply boost
- Sort the mixed from unmixed via b charge at production and decay
*S*** = Nmix+Nunmix
*D* = “Dilution” = 1-2Pmistag
- S  SD2
- Fix m and fit A
- Scan vs m

- K

- K

- 

- 

- Ds

- Bs

**Notes:**
Start from difference in oscillations
Indicate what the lifetime is with a bar ontop of the histogram (show how many oscillations there are per lifetime)
Approach is then doing a fourier transform
Then point out actual formula
Point out that lifetime resolution is a critical factor
Put a picture of how the amplitude plot looks like, next to the time-dependent plot

## Bs Mixing: proper time

- Samples (N, S/B)
- Proper decay length resolution

- K

- K

- 

- 

- Ds

- Bs

## Bs Mixing: systematics

- Semileptonic sample

- Hadronic sample

## Bs Mixing: perspectives

- 4x effective statistics

- 20% improvement in c resolution

- Improvements:
- Yield
- Tagger performance
- Proper time resolution

**Notes:**
Bulleted list of things that are going to go in
Give an idea of what the improvements could possibly bring
“we think this improvement will cover SM deltams values”
Slide layout:
improvement in statistics
Tagger power
Int lum
Lifetime is important for hadronics: we’ve got to understand our lifetime resolution better

## Transversity angles

- J/ rest frame
- (x,y) from KK
- X axis along  momentum
- (,) polar and azimuthal angles of +
-  helicity angle of 

## CP violation in charm

- PDG 2004 averages:
- A(D0KK): 0.51.6 %
- A(D0): 2.12.6 %

- Best single exp. (CLEO02):
- A(D0KK): 0.02.20.8 %
- A(D0): 21.93.20.8 %

- http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/new/bottom/040428.blessed-bphik_acp/

- Large statistics gives access to detailed features!
- We will soon improve the knowledge of BR(D++--)
- Theory predicts that direct CP asymmetry could be O(10-3)
- [hep-ex/9612005]
- E792: -0.0170.042 [hep-ex/9612005]

- For the future:
- Increase statistics
- Mixing: