# Presentation: 056148

## Slide 1

## MYSTERIES OF EARTHAND MARSUnit OnePhysical Science(or, getting there from here)

- An Overview By
- - Jack Forristel -

## Unit One Content

- Article 1.1 -  Destination  	          Mars
- Article 1.2 -  Energizing 	          An Orbiter
- Article 1.3 -  Building A 	          Rover
- Article 1.4 -  Water - 	            	          Water  		           ....Nowhere

- Activity 1.1 -  Build A 	           Rocket
- Activity 1.2 -  Facts Of 	           Friction
- Activity 1.3 -  Safe 	      	           Landing
- Activity 1. 4 -  Properties 	            Of Salt/Fresh 	            Water

## Science Topics Covered

- •  Orbits
- 	•  Gravity
- 		•  Newton's Laws Of Motion
- 			•  Force
- 				•  Mass
- 					•  Energy
- 						•  Potential Energy
- 							•  Kinetic Energy
- •  Energy Transfer
- 	•  Conservation Of Energy
- 		•  Friction
- 			•  Design (Considerations)
- 				•  Engineering Constraints
- 					•  Properties Of Water
- 						•  Phase Changes
- 							•  Atmospheric Pressure

## When To “Shoot”

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***When To “Shoot”***

- •  Closest @ 69M Km on 10/27/05?
- •  Furthest @ 390M Km on 9/27/06?
- •  Considerations
- 	- Daylight at  	   launch/arrival
- 	- Wx at launch
- 	-  Solar activity
- 	-  Flight time
- 	-  Length of flight
-      -  On & on & on & on

## ORBITAL MECHANICS

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***ORBITAL MECHANICS***

## ORBITAL MECHANICS

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***ORBITAL MECHANICS***

## ORBITAL MECHANICS

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***ORBITAL MECHANICS***

## Trajectory To Landing

## 27 August, 2003Closest to earth in thousands of years56M Km

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***27 August, 2003******Closest to earth in thousands of years******56M Km***

## 9/23/05 Positions

## SIR ISAAC NEWTON1642 - 1727

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***SIR ISAAC NEWTON***1642 - 1727

- •  Graduated from Cambridge University *WITHOUT DISTINCTION*.
- •  At age 23, began formulating his (1) Law of Universal Gravitation, (2) Calculus, (3) extended Galileo's work, (4) developed his 3 laws of motion and, (5), clarified the nature of light.

## ISAAC NEWTON1642 - 1727

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***ISAAC NEWTON***1642 - 1727

- When asked how he was able to make so many discoveries, he replied that he found his solutions to problems not by sudden insight but by thinking very long and hard about them until he worked them out.
***(I wish I had thought this way when I was a college student.  May have helped.)***

## NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION

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***NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION***

- 	A body at rest or in uniform motion will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless some external force is applied to it.
- 	*Often referred to as the”law of inertia”.*

## NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION

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***NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION***

- 	The _net_ _force_ on an object is equal to the product of its acceleration and its mass.
- F = ma
*One of the most famous formulas in our world.*

## NEWTON'S THIRD LAW OF MOTION

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***NEWTON'S THIRD LAW OF MOTION***

- 	To every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force.
- 	*Sometimes called the law of momentum.*
*M = mv*

## NEWTON’S LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION

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***NEWTON’S LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION***

- 	Every mass attracts every other mass with a force that, for any two masses, is directly proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating them.
- F = m1m2/d2

## FORCE(Any influence that can cause an object to be accelerated)

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***FORCE******(***Any influence that can cause an object to be accelerated)

***Typical Forces***
- •  Gravity
- •  Friction
- •  Turning moments
- •  Pressure
- •  Balanced
- •  Unbalanced

***Can Make Things***
- •  Speed up
- •  Slow down
- •  Change direction
- •  Change shape
- •  Turn
- •  Change Size
- •  Change Temperature

## ENERGY

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***ENERGY***

***POTENTIAL*** energy is stored energy.  It is there, it is available, it is useable.
- •  ***KINETIC*** energy is the energy of motion.  Falling and moving bodies posses kinetic energy.

## MORE ABOUT ENERGY

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***MORE ABOUT ENERGY***

## AEROBRAKING

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***AEROBRAKING***

-    A technique used by spacecraft in which it uses drag within a planetary atmosphere to reduce its velocity relative to the planet.  This removes a large amount of kinetic energy over a short period of time, most of which is converted into heat by shock heating the air ahead of the spacecraft.

## AEROBRAKINGGlobal Surveyor

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***AEROBRAKING******Global Surveyor***

## DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS(Going-Landing-Roving)

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***DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS***(Going-Landing-Roving)

- Structures (weight/strength)
- Energy (how much, what kind & when)
- Heating (going, entry, roving)
- Pressures (dynamic, atmospheric, gravity)
- Radiation (thermal, EMS)
- Others

## NEXT:  A FILM

***THEN:  FLY  A  ROCKET***

***FOLLOWED BY: DROPPING EGGS***

## From Here To There Via Newton (and others)

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***From Here To There Via Newton (and others)***