# Presentation: 896744

## Landsat Data Continuity Mission

**January 8, 2008**

**Landsat Data Continuity Mission**
**HQ Actions/Issues **

## Topics

**Introduction/Overview**
**LDCM Draft Level – 1 Requirements changes**
**Requirements review process and results**
**Potential Directed Instrument Manifests**
**Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS)**
**Thermal Infrared Radiometer Sensor (TIRS)**
**Conclusion/Actions**

## Introduction/Overview

- NET July 2011 LRD and L-5/7 fuel depletion in 2010  =  6-12 month data gap
- Schedule driver has resulted in “aggressive” instrument schedule
**40 mo vs. 60 mo typical**
- Aggressive Instrument Schedule driving OLI Development Risk
- Ball implementation “out-of-phase” with typical development
- Procurements of major components in-place and many deliveries expected before Critical Design complete
- Schedule Risk accepted with Contract award
- Risk highlighted at Source Selection Decision briefing
- 6-month schedule risk identified
- SMD AA requested “requirements analysis” to determine options for potential risk reduction/mitigation
- Requested legal compliance correlation to performance and
- Areas/ideas to reduce schedule driving performance requirements

**Introduction/Overview**

## LDCM Draft Level – 1 Requirements

- * Contingent upon funding, and requirement trades between program elements, technical requirements,
- and mission risk as part of the LDCM procurement.

_**To Be Removed**_

## Requirements Review Process 

**Actions:**
***   ******	******1) Analyze performance requirements for LDCM that are required by law******2) Prepare a list of potential schedule risk mitigation actions for the Operational Land Imager that would simplify the instrument development but keep the performance required by the law ***
**Approach:**
- ESD engaged the EOS Program Office with the following course of action:
- Identify the legal and policy functional and performance requirements for the mission
- Trace the legal and policy requirements of "continuity" to OLI
- Identify the variances and document the justification for the variance,
- Analyze the risk (technical, cost, schedule, programmatic and political) associated with each item, and document the results for review.
**Expected Outcome**
- A rigorous analysis of the “development impact” for every identifiable actions:
- Trace impact of action from requirement, to design, to fabrication, to integration, to test, to acceptance and through to operations
- Develop a tailored Government process and procedure including contractor oversight and interaction

## Requirements Review Process 

- Continuity is defined as “data sufficiently consistent (in terms of: acquisition geometry, coverage characteristics, and spectral characteristics) with previous Landsat data to allow comparisons for global and regional change detection and characterization”
- Change detection requires sufficient consistency with Landsat 7:
**Acquisition geometry**: synoptic field of view (185 km swath); comparable spatial resolution (30 m multispectral, 15 m pan); geolocated, conformal imagery (65 m accuracy, band-to-band registration)
**Coverage characteristics**: seasonal coverage of the global land mass including coastal (400 scenes per day)
**Spectral characteristics**: multispectral coverage of the visible, near-infrared, shortwave infrared, thermal infrared; radiometric calibration (5% accuracy); spatial and temporal radiometric stability

**Requirements Review Process **

## Requirements Review Process 

| Option | Science Impact | Assessment | Risk |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Critical Path ROM |
| Refine Testing | None | Cal/Val team interaction with BATC.  | Low: primarily redundancy elimination and acceptable reduction | TBR day decrease to critical path |
| Eliminate on-orbit SNR incentive | None | SNR incentive Driving Yield Requirements.  | Provides up to 10 weeks of schedule risk mitigation
Elimination frees up $1.2M to be reallocated | No critical path savings |
| Eliminate pixel-to-pixel uniformity incentive
 | None | PPU performance limited by filter and detector technology   | Provides up to 10 weeks of schedule risk mitigation
Elimination frees up $1.2M to be reallocated | No critical path savings |
| Eliminate radiometric stability incentives
and Relax requirements | Relaxation of cirrus band has minimal impact on science | Cirrus band stability need not be as stringent as other bands; can be relaxed with minimal science impact.  | Provides up to 9 weeks of schedule risk mitigation
Elimination frees up $1.2M to be reallocated | No critical path savings |
| Relax Mission Assurance Requirements | None unless sensor degrades or fails | GSFC Code 300 working with project to reduce compliance requirements |  | No critical path savings |
| Reduce CDRL items | None | CDRLs were well scrubbed prior to RFP release. A small number of efficiencies found in CDRLs. |  | No critical path savings |
| Relax pixel-to-pixel uniformity requirements | Some relaxation can be tolerated | Relaxation likely reduces requirement below ETM+ performance...  | Provides up to 4 weeks of schedule risk mitigation | No critical path savings |

**Requirements Review Process **

## Potential Directed Instrument Manifests

**Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) **
- De-manifest of capability from NPOESS - OSTP chartered continuity study (NOAA led)
- Study identified LDCM as potential near-term gap-filler platform
- Initiated vendor (LASP) accommodation study to reduce risk
- Included in spacecraft accommodation studies
- Final spacecraft RFO includes TSIS accommodation through design and as option for implementation
_**Manifest remains unauthorized and TBD**_
**Thermal Infrared Radiometer Sensor (TIRS)**
- Removed from baseline in 2002 - determined to be not commercially viable
- NPOESS OLI: Technical (volume and mass) and budget constrained manifest
- Currently, budget profile cannot support development
- Following 2005 OSTP re-direction, user community lobbying increased and stakeholder inquiries escalated
- Congressional interest manifested in draft NASA 2008 appropriations language
- The term “thermal” missing from final appropriation-now reads: “...data continuity...”
- Final spacecraft RFO includes TIR accommodation through design and as option for implementation: _**Manifest remains unauthorized and TBD**_
- Potential threat to LRD: 12-months currently, but will increase

## Conclusion

- Baseline Mission (OLI-only) currently on-track for July 2011 LRD
- Requirements driver reviews conducted to mitigate OLI development risk
- TSIS and TIRS manifest unauthorized
- Initiated risk mitigation
- TIRS Instrument Team Study completed
- Accommodation studies completed
- Inclusion in s/c design and options for implementation
- Potential threat to mission LRD due to TIRS development schedule

## BACK-UP

## Implementation Roles and Responsibilities NASA

- Lead the mission development
- Mission-level systems engineering
- Develop the LDCM Space Segment
- Instrument, Spacecraft and Launch Vehicle procurements
- Satellite integration and launch
- Procure the Mission Operations Element for the USGS
- Command  & Control, Scheduling, Long-Term Trending/Analysis, and Flight Dynamics capabilities
- Support for Observatory I&T/Launch Site
- On-Orbit Sustaining Engineering
- Lead the pre-launch and orbital verification, calibration, validation and characterization
- Manage on-orbit checkout of the LDCM system
- Transfer the LDCM instrument and mission operations contract to DOI/USGS following on-orbit check-out and acceptance
- After launch and on-orbit acceptance, support DOI/USGS with calibration, validation, and instrument characterization
- Provide scientific and technical support for the Landsat Science Team
- Support DOI/USGS operations anomaly investigations

## Provide funding for the LDCM mission operations procurement
Implement a ground data processing capability 
Implement a capability to ingest, archive, process, and distribute LDCM data
Following on-orbit check-out and acceptance, assume contract management and funding responsibility for the LDCM instrument and mission operations contracts
Provide long-term archive services 
Convene a Landsat Mission Science Team 
After on-orbit acceptance 
Lead the calibration, validation, and characterization
Lead anomaly investigations

- Implement a ground data processing capability
- Implement a capability to ingest, archive, process, and distribute LDCM data
- Following on-orbit check-out and acceptance, assume contract management and funding responsibility for the LDCM instrument and mission operations contracts
- Provide long-term archive services
- Convene a Landsat Mission Science Team
- After on-orbit acceptance
- Lead the calibration, validation, and characterization
- Lead anomaly investigations

**Implementation Roles and Responsibilities USGS**

## LANDSAT30+ Years of Continuous Land Observations

## Landsat Data Continuity Mission

**Operational Land Imager (OLI)**
** ****procured by GSFC**

**Spacecraft Bus:**
**Rapid Spacecraft Development Office Catalog**
** ****procured by GSFC**

***Organizations***

**NASA GSFC Provides the LDCM Space Segment**
**NASA KSC Provides the launch vehicle**
**USGS Provides modifications to the Eros Data Center (EDC) and also coordinates the International Cooperator network.**

**Landsat Data Continuity Mission**

## Introduction/Overview

- Public Law 102-555, the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992 and Presidential Decision Directive/NSTC-3
- NASA and DOI/USGS established as Landsat Program Management
- LDCM schedule is driven by need to minimize data gap with Landsat 7
- NET July 2011 LRD and L-5/7 fuel depletion in 2010  =  6-12 month data gap
- Schedule driver has resulted in “Aggressive” instrument schedule
**40 mo vs. 60 mo typical**
- USGS spearheading, with NASA co-chairing, the Landsat Data Gap Study Team investigation of alternatives to at least partially offset the data gap
- Technical investigations of data from India’s ResourceSat and China/Brazil CBERS satellites complete: Targeting Summer 2007 for  “Data Gap Implementation” Report
- LDCM will not have a thermal infrared capability
- Cost estimate for thermal infrared exceeds available budget
- If added to the development, an extension of the Data Gap will occur

**Introduction/Overview**

## Land Imaging Policy is now under consideration for ratification:
The Future of Land Imaging Interagency Working Group (FLI IWG) was convened by the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) to address technical, financial, and managerial stability for operational land imaging (Marburger Dec 2005 memo)
FLI IWG convened from Feb-Nov 06 and performed systematic analysis of the state of U.S. civil land imaging.
The IWG has completed a report with recommended U.S. Policy change
 “A PLAN FOR A NATIONAL LAND IMAGING PROGRAM”
published Aug 2007

- The Future of Land Imaging Interagency Working Group (FLI IWG) was convened by the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) to address technical, financial, and managerial stability for _operational_ land imaging (Marburger Dec 2005 memo)
- FLI IWG convened from Feb-Nov 06 and performed systematic analysis of the state of U.S. civil land imaging.
- The IWG has completed a report with recommended U.S. Policy change
-  **“****A PLAN FOR A NATIONAL LAND IMAGING PROGRAM”**
**published Aug 2007**

**Background**
**– ****continued-**

## Acquisition approach includes separate procurements for:
instrument
spacecraft 
launch vehicle and
mission operations element (MOE)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) will serve as the mission system integrator 
Launch services provided by the NASA Launch Services at Kennedy Space Center (KSC)
Open competition for the instrument
Contract awarded to Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp – Jul 2007
Rapid Spacecraft Development Office (RSDO) contract procurement for the spacecraft
RSDO spacecraft studies awarded Apr 2007 : Ball, Loral, General Dynamics, OSC
NASA in coordination with the USGS will compete the Mission Operations Element (MOE) 
To be released and awarded in early CY 2008. 
LDCM will have a 5-year mission life 
Following on-orbit verification, ownership will transfer to the USGS 
USGS will operate the spacecraft and manage the data

- instrument
- spacecraft
- launch vehicle and
- mission operations element (MOE)
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) will serve as the mission system integrator
- Launch services provided by the NASA Launch Services at Kennedy Space Center (KSC)
- Open competition for the instrument
- Contract awarded to Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp – Jul 2007
- Rapid Spacecraft Development Office (RSDO) contract procurement for the spacecraft
- RSDO spacecraft studies awarded Apr 2007 : Ball, Loral, General Dynamics, OSC
- NASA in coordination with the USGS will compete the Mission Operations Element (MOE)
- To be released and awarded in early CY 2008.
- LDCM will have a 5-year mission life
- Following on-orbit verification, ownership will transfer to the USGS
- USGS will operate the spacecraft and manage the data

**LDCM Development Status**
**Acquisition Approach**

## Acquisition includes separate procurements for:
Operational Land Imager (OLI) Instrument
Final RFP released Jan 8, 2007
Awarded to Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp in Jul., 2007
Award protested, GAO denied protest Nov. 9, 2007
Instrument Systems Requirements Review held Nov. 6-7, 2007
Successful Integrated Baseline Review held Nov. 13-15, 2007
Mission Design Review to be held Mar., 2008
Spacecraft Procurement
RSDO on-ramp opened Oct 25, 2006, closed Dec 15, 2006
Four contractors (Ball, Loral, GD and OSC) selected for 4-month study phase (accommodation risk reduction) : Apr 30, 2007 
RFO to be released in the early Dec., 2007 

**Operational Land Imager (OLI) Instrument**
- Final RFP released Jan 8, 2007
- Awarded to Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp in Jul., 2007
- Award protested, GAO denied protest Nov. 9, 2007
- Instrument Systems Requirements Review held Nov. 6-7, 2007
- Successful Integrated Baseline Review held Nov. 13-15, 2007
- Mission Design Review to be held Mar., 2008
**Spacecraft Procurement**
- RSDO on-ramp opened Oct 25, 2006, closed Dec 15, 2006
- Four contractors (Ball, Loral, GD and OSC) selected for 4-month study phase (accommodation risk reduction) : Apr 30, 2007
- RFO to be released in the early Dec., 2007

**LDCM Development Status**

## LDCM Development Status-continued-

**Launch Vehicle **
- Launch services provided by the NASA Launch Services at Kennedy Space Center
- Request for Offer issued March 30, 2007
- Awarded to ULA for Atlas V 401 (Vandenberg launch) Oct., 2007
- ATP NLT April 2009 (L-27)
**Operations and Ground Systems**
- Mission Operations Element  (Small Business Set Aside)
- PSM conducted Nov. 8, 2007
- Draft RFP schedule for release early Dec., 2007, final to be released Jan., 2008
- To be awarded  Apr., 2008
- Ground System Requirement Review held Sept. 26-27, 2007
- USGS strategizing Contracting of development effort for Ground segment areas
- Data Processing and Archive Segment (DPAS)
- Science
- Flight Operations Segment (FOS)
- Infrastructure Support
- MOC location at EROS, Sioux Falls, SD**	**

## Mission Lifetime: At least 5 years.
Consumable Resources: At least 10 years of mission operation.
Earth Spatial-Temporal Coverage: At least seasonal coverage of the global land mass.
Landsat Data Consistency: Consistent with Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data 
in terms of acquisition geometry, calibration, coverage characteristics, spectral and spatial characteristics, output product quality and data availability
to allow comparisons for the detection and quantitative characterization of changes on the global land surface.  
Acquisition Geometry
Worldwide Reference System: Worldwide Reference System (WRS-2).
Equatorial Observation Time: 10:00 a.m. + or – 15 minutes.
Coverage Characteristics: At least once every 16 days.
Spectral Characteristics: (SEE TABLE)
Acquisition of thermal data is under investigation

- _Consumable Resources_: At least 10 years of mission operation.
- _Earth Spatial-Temporal Coverage_: At least seasonal coverage of the global land mass.
- _Landsat Data Consistency:_ Consistent with Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data
- in terms of acquisition geometry, calibration, coverage characteristics, spectral and spatial characteristics, output product quality and data availability
- to allow comparisons for the detection and quantitative characterization of changes on the global land surface.
- _Acquisition Geometry_
- _Worldwide Reference System: _Worldwide Reference System (WRS-2).
- _Equatorial Observation Time_: 10:00 a.m. + or – 15 minutes.
- _Coverage Characteristics_: At least once every 16 days.
- _Spectral Characteristics_: (SEE TABLE)
- Acquisition of thermal data is under investigation

**LDCM Draft Level – 1 Requirements**

## Radiometric Performance: Sufficient to detect land cover change using historic Landsat data
Geometric Performance: Sufficient to detect land cover change using historic Landsat data
Scene Collection Rate: At least 400 WRS-2 scenes/24 hour period 
Scene Generation and Distribution: 400 WRS-2 scenes/day
Public Access: Allow the Landsat user community and the general public to search the LDCM data archive and order LDCM data products on a nondiscriminatory basis per U.S. Code Title 15, Chapter 82.  
Algorithm Release: Document and publicly release all algorithms 
International Cooperator Support: Capable of transmitting to ICs
Science Team: Sustain a Landsat Science Team to provide guidance and address issues concerning the requirements for and applications of LDCM systems and data.

- _Geometric Performance:_ Sufficient to detect land cover change using historic Landsat data
- _Scene Collection Rate:_ At least 400 WRS-2 scenes/24 hour period
- _Scene Generation and Distribution:_ 400 WRS-2 scenes/day
- _Public Access_: Allow the Landsat user community and the general public to search the LDCM data archive and order LDCM data products on a nondiscriminatory basis per U.S. Code Title 15, Chapter 82.
- _Algorithm Release:_ Document and publicly release all algorithms
- _International Cooperator Support:_ Capable of transmitting to ICs
- _Science Team:_ Sustain a Landsat Science Team to provide guidance and address issues concerning the requirements for and applications of LDCM systems and data.

**LDCM Draft Level – 1 Requirements**

## LDCM Development StatusCritical Milestones

## LDCM Development StatusDraft Master Schedule

## LDCM Development StatusDraft Master Schedule

**LDCM Development Status****Draft Master Schedule**

## Band Elimination Impact to Science

- Page

- 31

**Band Elimination Impact to Science**

**Elimination will impair the mitigation of current limitations to the systematic monitoring of **

**the global land surface and coastal zones for change detection. **

- •

**Cirrus Band Elimination**

- •

**Precludes ability to detect thin cirrus cloud contamination of other spectral bands**

- •

**Increases uncertainty of surface reflectance retrievals**

- •

**Increases errors of commission (false positives) in change detection**

- •

**Coastal / Aerosol Band Elimination**

- •

**Restricts ability to assess coastal zone and inland lake water quality; **
**limits retrieval of chlorophyll, suspended matter, and colored dissolved **
**organic matter concentrations. **

- •

**Precludes aerosol retrievals leading to improved **

**atmospheric correction**

- •

**Reduction of SNR, quantization, saturation levels**

- •

**Reduce accuracy of land cover maps, land cover characterization, **
**and change detection by reducing radiometric sensitivity and dynamic range**

- •

**Inability to map bright surfaces: ice, snow, deserts inability to detect glacial **
**flow velocities **

**-**

## TIR

| Top Level Science Requirements |  |
| --- | --- |
| Thermal Bands, Center Wavelength | #10:  10.8 micron
#11:  12.0 micron |
| Ground Sample Distance | <=120 m |
| Ground Swath | 185 km |
| Absolute Radiometric Accuracy | 260K - 330K:  2%240K - 260K, 330K - 360K:  4% |
| Noise Equivalent Delta Temperature (NEDT) | 0.4K at 300K
0.35K at 320K |
| Spatial Edge Response Slope | 0.005 / meter Cross track0.007 / meter Along track |
| Line of Sight Stability | 27 arc seconds, 3σ |
| Field of View | 15 degrees |
| Data Continuity | 77 contiguous scenes (~ 34 minutes) |
| On Board Calibrator | Calibrate at 260K and 330K |

| Instrument Allocations |  |
| --- | --- |
| Mass | 200 kg |
| Power | 250 W |
| Data Rate | <15 Mbps (TBD) |
| Data Storage | 267 Gbits/day |

**Potential Directed Instrument Manifests:**
**TIR**

## LASP involved to provide accommodation studies 
Initiated development of mechanical and electrical ICDs, ops con, disturbance sources, support study, etc.
LASP has provided a no cost modification to the TSIS design
Allows accommodation by any S/C vendor 
Reduced mass by 12kg
Reduces jitter
TSIS added to RSDO Accommodation Study
Jitter, mass, power, T&C
Launch vehicle interface
Orbital debris mitigation
Field-of-view
Operations, calibration
Expanded Jitter Study
Jitter analysis being performed by GSFC, LASP, and S/C Vendors
Manifest remains unauthorized and TBD

- Initiated development of mechanical and electrical ICDs, ops con, disturbance sources, support study, etc.
- LASP has provided a no cost modification to the TSIS design
- Allows accommodation by any S/C vendor
- Reduced mass by 12kg
- Reduces jitter
- TSIS added to RSDO Accommodation Study
- Jitter, mass, power, T&C
- Launch vehicle interface
- Orbital debris mitigation
- Field-of-view
- Operations, calibration
- Expanded Jitter Study
- Jitter analysis being performed by GSFC, LASP, and S/C Vendors
_**Manifest remains unauthorized and TBD**_

**Potential Directed Instrument Manifests:**
**TSIS**

## TSIS

**Potential Directed Instrument Manifests:**
**TSIS**

## Collaboration with International partners explored, but remains unfruitful
HQ chartered TIRS Risk Reduction Activity for summer 2006
Independent studies conducted from 2004 – 2006
Led to selection of microbolometer as cost effective solution
Risk Reduction Activity completed the following tasks:
Proof of feasibility of the technical concept with appropriate system technical and performance margins.
Developed schedule and cost for the TIRS 
System Definition Review held September 12, 2007
Risk Reduction effort stopped Sep., 2007
Final spacecraft RFO includes TIRS accommodation through design and as option for implementation
Manifest remains unauthorized and TBD

- HQ chartered TIRS Risk Reduction Activity for summer 2006
- Independent studies conducted from 2004 – 2006
- Led to selection of microbolometer as cost effective solution
- Risk Reduction Activity completed the following tasks:
- Proof of feasibility of the technical concept with appropriate system technical and performance margins.
- Developed schedule and cost for the TIRS
- System Definition Review held September 12, 2007
- Risk Reduction effort stopped Sep., 2007
- Final spacecraft RFO includes TIRS accommodation through design and as option for implementation
- _Manifest remains unauthorized and TBD_

**Potential Directed Instrument Manifests:**
**TIRS**

**Notes:**
The baseline of this study was the result of the ISAL studies previously conducted.  These traded a cryocooled Mercad Teleride detector system with a microbolometer focal plane array.  Due to cost savings of a room temperature microbolometer, this path was selected.

## TIRS

**260 K Blackbody **
**Calibrator**

**330K Blackbody **
**Calibrator**

**Scene Select Mechanism**
**Rotation Frame**

**Telescope Assembly**

**SC Interface Plate**

**Focus Mechanism**

**Focal Plane Assembly**

**Nadir Aperture**

**FPA Radiator**

_**Optical Sensor Unit (OSU)**_

**Potential Directed Instrument Manifests:**
**TIRS**