# Presentation: 076969

## NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)

**Status Briefing for the**
**Investigators’ Working Group**
**June 15, 1999**

- R E Murphy
- NPP Mission Formulation Scientist

## NPPMission Objectives

**Provide NASA with continuation of global change parameters after Terra and EOS PM**
- atmospheric temperature and humidity sounding, sea surface temperature, land and ocean biological productivity, and cloud and aerosol properties
**Provide NPOESS with pseudo-operational risk-reduction demonstration and validation for 3 of the 4 critical NPOESS instruments and algorithms**
- VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS

**Joint NASA/IPO flight of critical imager and sounding systems**

## NPPKey Personnel	

**NASA/GSFC Project Formulation Manager: Raynor Taylor**
**IPO Space Segment Lead: Michael Crison**
**NASA/HQ Program Coordinator: Victoria Elsbernd**
**NASA/HQ Program Scientist: James Dodge**
**NASA/GSFC Mission Formulation Scientist: Robert Murphy**
**NASA/GSFC Sounder Suite Instrument Scientist: Joel Susskind**
**NASA/GSFC Imager Suite Instrument Scientist: Jeffrey Privette**

## NPPPreliminary Mission Concept

**Payloads:  CrIS, ATMS, VIIRS**
**Orbit:  833 km, Polar Sun-Synchronous, 1030 a.m. Descending Node**
**Launch Readiness Date:  2005**
**Mission Life:  5 years**
**Stored Mission Data Transmission to Polar Ground Stations (Ka- or X-band)**
**Direct Broadcast of Real-time Data (X-band)**
**Command and Control**
- Primary: S-band Space-Ground
- Back-up: S-band through TDRSS and AF Satellite Control Network

## Satellite Launch Schedule - Original

**EOS-AM2**

**EOS-AM3**

**EOS-PM3**

**EOS-PM2**

## Satellite Transition Schedule

## NPP Contributions to 24 NASA Measurements

**Primary source for 13 of 24 measurements**
**Secondary source for 1 of 24 measurements**
**VIIRS contributes to:**
- 4 (3 Primary)		Atmosphere Measurements
- 6 (4 Primary)		Land/Cryosphere Measurements
- 3 (2 Primary)		Ocean/Cryosphere Measurements
**CrIS/ATMS contributes to:**
- 4 (2 Primary)		Atmosphere Measurements
- 1 			Ocean/Cryoshpere Measurements

## NPP Contributions to NPOESS

**Sensor Risk Reduction**
- Early delivery, sensor-level tests, and system-level integration & test
- Provides lessons learned and allows for any required modifications in time to support C1 launch readiness
**Ground System Risk Reduction**
- Early delivery and pseudo-operational test of NPOESS ground system architecture and components
**Early user evaluation of NPOESS data products**
- Provides algorithm/sensor verification and opportunities for sensor calibration / validation
- VIIRS makes primary contributions to 26 of 61 EDRs
- CrIS/ATMS makes primary contributions to 3 of 61 EDRs
- Allows for algorithm modifications prior to C1 launch
- Provides opportunities for pseudo operational utilization/ demonstration of NPOESS imager and sounder data products

## NPP Status

**Agreement between NASA HQ and IPO to study feasibility**
- GSFC led concept study with IPO participation
- Determined mission feasible
- Determined ATMS feasible
**Results of feasibility study presented to Dr. Asrar and Mr. Winokur on April 8, 1999**
- Agreement in principle to proceed with next phase (Phase I/Phase B/Mission Formulation Phase)
- Concurrence with proposed division of responsibility and augmentation of VIIRS (pending concurrence of EXCOM)

## NPP Status (Cont.)

**Competitive Phase B Studies Underway for CrIS & VIIRS**
- ITT & SBRS were selected
- CrIS Downselect is underway. Decision by August, 1999
- VIIRS downselect in mid 2000
**ATMS Phase B study begins in fall 1999**
- Completed in 10 months
**Contracts are for sensor and algorithms**
- Each contractor has internal science team and external science advisors
- Government science oversight from Operational Algorithm Teams

## Environmental Data Records (EDR’s)

**IPO solicits solutions to provide “Environmental Data Records” - EDR’s**
**Interagency process developed Integrated Operational Requirements Document (IORD)**
- NASA participated in process
**Extensive competitive phase B studies for key sensors**
- NASA participated in process
**Contractors develop sensor and algorithm package to meet requirement.**
- Government does not write conventional specification

## Merging NASA Requirements into IPO’s

**Operational Algorithm Teams (OAT’s) provide science guidance to the IPO on specific measurement suites**
- NASA participates in process
**Sounding requirements deemed to be the same**
- Original plan used AIRS follow-on
**Imaging requirements updated after year long study to migrate selected MODIS products into VIIRS requirements**
- Both contractors studied impact
**Newly formed Interim Science Panel (ISP) works with OATS to guide continuing process**

## Level 1 Requirements IR & Microwave Sounding Suite

**Purpose is to**
- Monitor climate trends and variability
- Initialize global weather models
- Highest quality data from CrIS, all weather data from ATMS
**Uncertainty in temperature profiles**
- 1K in each 1km thick layer from the surface to near 300 mb
- 1K in each 3 km thick layer from 300 mb to 30 mb
- 1K in each 5 km thick layer from 30 mb to 1 mb.** **
**Uncertainty in moisture profiles**
- 5 % of the amount of precipitable water in each 2 km thick layer from the surface to near 200 mb

## CrIS & ATMS Characteristics

- CrIS extends the measurement series of AIRS
- Interferometer Based Design
- Contractor specifies design to meet “EDR” requirements
- Details are competition sensitive at this time
- ATMS extends the measurement series of AMSU A & HSB
- Compact design using miniaturized low noise amplifiers, etc
- Includes _x0008_(as options) AMSU A2 channels at 23.8 & 31.4 GHz and 118 GHz Channels
- NASA/GSFC point design shows capability to meet IPO mass/power/volume contraints

## Level 1 Requirements Visible & Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite

**Purpose**
- Provide continuous time series of a wide range of surface & atmospheric properties
**Measurement Quality**
- Comparable or better than heritage sensors (SeaWiFS, MODIS)
**Direct Broadcast of all data**
**Requirements described in other tables**

## VIIRS Characteristics

- VIIRS extends the measurement series of MODIS
- Approximately 20 bands (vs 36 on MODIS)
- Spectral range is 0.4 - 13 μm
- Includes a low light level imager capability
- Reminder: Sensor characteristics determined by contractor to meet “EDR” requirements. Number of bands etc are not yet determined.
- VIIRS will
- Provide Near MODIS Quality for Most Data Products
- Match MODIS quality for Selected Long Term Measurements (SST, Land Cover)
- Exceed MODIS Quality for a Few Measurements (Fires)
- Not Support Selected Advanced MODIS Features (Ocean Fluorescence, Sounding)

## Proposed NPP Ground Data System

- GCC Needs
- Continuity of data products
- Configuration control of science data products
- Capability for processing/reprocessing of a research quality Level 1B product
- Generation of selected, higher level science quality products
- Robust calibration and validation
- Flexible, long term access of archived data holdings
- Proposed NPP Data System Augmentation to Support the GCC
- Leverage use of IPO data routing and RDR handling; utilization of operational products having acceptable science quality
- Provide a Level 1B processing/reprocessing capability; data delivery for higher level product generation and analysis
- Provide a robust, science level calibration and validation capability

## Proposed NPP Ground 

- Data System Transition

- Identify active and long term archive needs; support NESDIS funding request efforts
- Support development/definition of IDPS
- Establish the cal/val process which can be transferred/incorporated  into NOAA
- Migrate improved processing algorithms; migrate mature Level 2/3 products to NOAA
- Transfer Level 1B processing/reprocessing capability/system to NOAA
- Support definition of upgrades to NESDIS systems to ensure GCC needs are incorporated; phased, incremental user load increase

## NPOESS Candidate Ground Data System Architecture

**Institutional**
**Systems**

**NOAA NESDIS**

**IDPS**

**Air Force Weather Agency**

**Institutional**
**Systems**

**Institutional**
**Systems**

**NAVOCEANO**

**Institutional**
**Systems**

**Data Routing &**
**Retrieval**

**RDRs**

**SDRs**
**EDRs**

**NPOESS Candidate Ground Data System Architecture**

**Global Change**
**Community**

- - IPO funded
- - Other

**55th Space Weather Sq**

**Institutional**
**Systems**

**Product Equivalents (approx.)**
**RDR = Level 0**
**SDR = Level 1**
**EDR = Level 2/3**

**RDRs**
**SDRs**
**EDRs**

- NPOESS

- Outside scope of NPOESS

## NPPScience Direction

**Interim Science Panel active until competitive downselects are completed**
**Small competed science team to be formed after downselect**
**Science Panel/Science Team provides study scientists with guidance on NASA needs**

## NPPInterim Science Panel

- Aumann, George (JPL)
- Esaias, Wayne (NASA/GSFC)
- Estes, Jack (UCSB)
- Janetos, Tony (WRI)
- Menzel, Paul (NOAA/SSEC)
- Minnett, Peter (U Fla)
- Murphy, Robert (NAS/GSFC)
- Privette, Jeffrey (NASA/GSFC) **	**
- Susskind, Joel (NASA/GSFC)
- Revercomb, Hank (UWI/SSEC)

## Atmospheric Measurements

- Cloud Properties		 **MODIS****, GLAS, AMSR-E**, _*MISR*_*, *_*AIRS*_*, *_*ASTER*_,
- (amount, optical properties, height)	 EOSP, SAGE III
- Radiative Energy Fluxes	 **CERES ACRIM, TSIM, ****MODIS****, AMSR-E**,
- (top of atmosphere, surface)	 _*GLAS*_*, *_*MISR*_*, *_*AIRS*_*,* ASTER, SAGE III
- Precipitation		 **AMSR-E**
- Tropospheric Chemistry	 **TES, MOPITT**, SAGE III, MLS, HIRDLS, LIS
- (ozone, precursor gases)
- Stratospheric Chemistry	 **MLS, HIRDLS, SAGE III, OMI**, _*TES*_
- (ozone, ClO, BrO, OH, trace gases)
- Aerosol Properties		 **SAGE III**, _*HIRDLS*_, **MODIS**, **MISR**
- (stratospheric, tropospheric)	 **EOSP**, _*OMI*_*, *_*GLAS*_
- Atmospheric Temperature	 **AIRS/AMSU****, MLS**, _*HIRDLS*_, TES, MODIS
- Atmospheric Humidity	 **AIRS/AMSU/HSB**, _*MLS*_*, *_*SAGE III*_*, *_*HIRDLS*_,
- 			 Poseidon 2/JMR, MODIS, TES
- Lightning			 **LIS**
- (events, area, flash structure)

## Solar Radiation and Land Measurements

_**SOLAR RADIATION**_
- Total Solar Irradiance		**ACRIM, TSIM**
- Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance		**SOLSTICE**
_**LAND**_
- Land Cover & Land Use Change	**ETM+, ****MODIS**, _*ASTER*_*, *_*MISR*_
- Vegetation Dynamics		**MODIS****, MISR, ETM+,** _*ASTER*_
- Surface Temperature		**ASTER, ****MODIS**, _*AIRS*_*,* ETM+
- Fire Occurrence			**MODIS****, ASTER,** _*ETM+*_
- (extent, thermal anomalies)
- Volcanic Effects			**MODIS****, ASTER,** _*ETM+*_, _*MISR*_
- (frequency of occurrence, thermal				anomalies, impact)
- Surface Wetness			**AMSR-E**

## Ocean and Cryosphere Measurements

_**OCEAN**_
- Surface Temperature	   **MODIS****, ****AIRS****,** _*AMSR-E*_
- Phytoplankton & Dissolved 	   **MODIS**
- Organic Matter
- Surface Wind Fields		   **SeaWinds,** _*AMSR-E*_, Poseidon 2/JMR
- Ocean Surface Topography	   **Poseidon 2/JMR/DORIS**
- (height, waves, sea level)
_**CRYOSPHERE**_
- Land Ice			   **GLAS, ASTER, ETM+**
- (ice sheet topography, ice sheet
- volume change, glacier change)
- Sea Ice			   **AMSR-E**, ***Poseidon 2/JMR***, MODIS,
- (extent, concentration, motion,   ETM+. ASTER
- temperature)
- Snow Cover		   **MODIS**, **AMSR-E**, _*ASTER*_*, *_*ETM+*_
- (extent, water equivalent)