# Presentation: 808590

## Integrated Flood Management  Challenges and Opportunities

**  ****International Workshop on Flash Flood Forecasting**
**13 to 17 March 2006 San José Costa Rica**

**Integrated Flood Management  Challenges and Opportunities**
**Gestión Integrada de Crecidas**
**Desafíos y Oportunidades**
**Gabriel Arduino**
**Water Resources Division**
**División Recursos Hídricos**
**WMO/OMM**
**Weather, Climate and Water**
**Tiempo, Clima y Agua**

**3 316 000 CHF**

**Notes:**
3 316 000 CHF

## Slide 2

## Las pérdidas por crecidas aumentan, pero...Flood losses increase, but... 

**Las p****é****rdidas por crecidas aumentan, pero...****Flood losses increase, but...**** **

## Flood policy is a neglected water policy issue on the international as well as, in many cases, the national level
La política de crecidas es una política de aguas ignorada internacionalmente y en muchos casos nacionalmente

**Carencias de pr****á****cticas de GC del pasado**

**Ad-hoc and stand alone ****– Ad-hoc y aisladas**

**Reactive rather than proactive**
**Reactivas en lugar de proactivas**

**Emphasis on structural measures **
**Enfasis en medidas estructurales**

**Monodisciplinary  ****-Monodisciplinarias**

**Lessons from past failure not learnt**
**Lecciones del pasado no tomadas en cuenta**

**Flood policy is a neglected water policy issue on the international as well as, in many cases, the national level**
**La pol****íti****ca de crecidas es una pol****íti****ca de aguas ignorada internacionalmente y en muchos casos nacionalmente**

## Challenges of Flood ManagementDesafíos de la gestión de crecidas

## Challenges of Flood ManagementDesafíos de la gestión de crecidas

**Challenges of Flood Management****Desaf****í****os de la gesti****ó****n de crecidas**

## Integrated Flood Management (IFM) Gestión integrada de crecidas (GIC/IFM)

**Integrated Flood Management (IFM)**** ****Gesti****ó****n integrada de crecidas (GIC/IFM)**

**La ****Gesti****ó****n integrada de crecidas (GIC/IFM)**
**se refiere a la integraci****ó****n de la gesti****ón de la tierra y del agua en el contexto de la ****gesti****ón integrada de recursos hídricos**** **

## Integrated Flood Management: Objectives

**Sustainable development: ****balancing development needs ****	****and ****	****	****	****	****	****	****	****flood risks**
**Desarrollo sostenible**: **balancendo necesidades de desarollo ****	****	****	****	****	****con riesgos de crecidas**

**Maximizing benefits: ****ensure livelihood security, poverty ****	****	****	****	****           alleviation and managing vulnerability**
**Maximizando beneficios: ****Asegurando fuentes de ingreso, reduciendo la pobreza y gestionando la vulnerabilidad**

**Minimizing loss of life**
**Minimizando p****é****rdidas de vidas**

**Environmental preservation**
**Preservaci****ó****n ambiental**

## IFM: PRINCIPLES

**Risk Management**
**Gesti****ó****n del Riesgo**

**Water Cycle as a whole**
**Ciclo hidrol****ó****gico como un todo**

## Cross-sectoral integration of disaster management strategies
Integración transversal de estrategias de gestión de desastres
Disaster risk assessment
Evaluación del riesgo asociado a desastres
Early warning and forecasts
Alerta temprana y predicción 

**Risk Management**
**Gesti****ó****n del Riesgo**

**Water Cycle as a whole**
**Ciclo hidrol****ó****gico como un todo**

**Multi-hazard approach**
**Enfoque multi peligro**

**Cross-sectoral integration of disaster management strategies**
**Integraci****ó****n transversal de estrategias de gesti****ó****n de desastres**
**Disaster risk assessment**
**Evaluaci****ó****n del riesgo asociado a desastres**
**Early warning and forecasts**
**Alerta temprana y predicci****ó****n **

**Risk Management**
**Gesti****ó****n del Riesgo**

**Water Cycle as a whole**
**Ciclo hidrol****ó****gico como un todo**

**Multi-hazard approach**
**Enfoque multi peligro**

**River basin approach**
**Enfoque de cuenca**

**Risk Management**
**Gesti****ó****n del Riesgo**

**Water Cycle as a whole**
**Ciclo hidrol****ó****gico como un todo**

**Multi-hazard approach**
**Enfoque multi peligro**

**River basin approach**
**Enfoque de cuenca**

**Public Participation**
**Participaci****ó****n p****ú****blica**

## Land and Water Management   Gestión de aguas y tierras
Upstream and Downstream       Aguas arriba y aguas abajo
Structural and Non-structural   Medidas estructurales y no             				            estructurales
Short term and Long-term        Corto y largo plazo
Local and basin level measures Medidas locales y de cuenca
Top down and Bottom up          Toma de decisiones de arriba a 
     decision making                             abajo y de abajo a arriba
Development needs with            Necesidades de desarrollo con
    ecologic and economic                    consideraciones ambientales y 
    concerns                                           económicas
 Functional Integration             Integración funcional de
      of Institutions                                instituciones

**Upstream and Downstream       ****Aguas arriba y aguas abajo**
**Structural and Non-structural   ****Medidas estructurales y no             ****	****	****	****	****            estructurales**
**Short term and Long-term        ****Corto y largo plazo**
**Local and basin level measures ****Medidas locales y de cuenca**
**Top down and Bottom up          ****Toma de decisiones de arriba a**** **
**     ****decision making                             ****abajo y de abajo a arriba**
**Development needs with            ****Necesidades de desarrollo con**
**    ****ecologic and economic                    ****consideraciones ambientales y**** **
**    ****concerns                                           ****económicas**
** ****Functional Integration             ****Integración funcional de**
**      ****of Institutions                                ****instituciones**

**IFM: Towards Integration of**
**GIC: Hacia la integraci****ó****n de**

## Characteristics of IFM

**Reconocimiento de que un río es un sistema dinámico con muchas interacciones/flujos entre cuerpo de agua y tierra **

**Characteristics of IFM**

## Characteristics of IFM

**Notes:**
Upstream changes in land use can drastically change the characteristics of a flood and associated water quality and sediment transport characteristics. Upstream urbanization can cause an accentuation of flood peaks and their early occurrence in downstream reaches. Using low lying depressions that play an important role in flood attenuation for dumping solid waste may worsen hygienic conditions and increase flood peaks in downstream reaches during floods. Ignoring these linkages in the past has lead to failures. These linkages need to be recognized, understood and accounted for to lead to synergies in improving river basin performance in several different ways simultaneously. Taking advantage of these potential synergies will, however, require a wider perspective of the issues of development of the river basin in its entirety, rather than attempting to resolve local problems in an isolated manner.
By adopting a functional approach to flood management, a problem orientation is an almost inevitable consequence. Taking a wider perspective can allow the situation to be viewed as one of opportunities, of looking for ways in which the performance of the basin as a whole can be enhanced.

## Characteristics of IFM	

**Integración transversal y asegurar consistencia en los enfoques de todos los peligros naturales **

**Characteristics of IFM****	**

**Effective dissemination of  forecasts and  early warnings by a single designated authority**
**Diseminación efectiva de predicciones y alertas tempranas por una sola autoridad competente**

**“****Multi-hazard” emergency planning and management on        appropriate institutional levels **
**Planificación de emergencias “multi-peligros” y gestión en los niveles institucionales apropiados **

**Integrated hazard management approaches****              ****Enfoques de gestión integrada de peligros**

**Notes:**
Communities are exposed to various natural and man-made hazards and risks. A wide range of activities and agencies are involved in the successful implementation of disaster management strategies. They involve individuals, families and communities along with a cross-section of civil society such as research institutions, governments and voluntary organizations. All these institutions play vital roles in transforming warnings into preventive action. Members from all sectors, involving different disciplines must be involved in the process and carry out activities to ensure the implementation of disaster management plans.
The success of disaster mitigation will be measured from the public understanding of the adoption of appropriate strategies and their implementation and preparedness. Integrated natural hazard impact mitigation to address all hazards holistically (“all hazard” emergency planning and management) is preferable to hazard specific approaches and hence IFM should be integrated into a wider risk management system. This helps in structured information exchange and the formation of effective organizational relationships. The approach has the benefit of improved treatment of common risks to life, efficient use of resources and personnel and includes development concerns along with emergency planning, prevention, recovery and mitigation schemes. It consequently ensures consistency in approaches to natural hazard management in all relevant national or local plans.

Early warnings and forecasts are key links to the series of steps required to reduce the social and economic impact of all natural hazards including floods. However, to be effective, early warnings of all forms of natural hazards must emanate from a single officially designated authority with a legally assigned responsibility. 

## Characteristics of IFM

**Involucramiento de todos los interesados en el diálogo/proceso de toma de decisiones**
**Decentralization of decision-making with appropriate mechanisms**
**Descentralización de la toma de decisiones con mecanismos apropiados**
**Optimal mix of bottom-up and top-down approaches**
**Optima combinación de efoques arriba-abajo y abajo-arriba**
**	****Effective conflict resolution mechanisms**
**Efectivos mecanismos de resolución de conflictos**

**Characteristics of IFM**

**Participatory Approach ****Enfoque**** ****Participativo**

**Notes:**
The definition of sustainable development agreed at the Rio Conference specifies two defining conditions: the involvement of the public at all levels of decision making and recognition of the role of women.
Identification and Participation of Stakeholders: IFM, like IWRM, should be based on a participatory approach, involving users, planners and policy makers at all levels. For the approach to be participatory it needs to be open, transparent, inclusive and communicative and requires decentralization of decision making with full public consultation and involvement of stakeholders in planning and implementation. All the upstream and downstream stakeholders representing different parts of the river basin need to be involved. The core of the debate in the stakeholder consultation process is frequently not what the objectives are but what they ought to be. Two aspects of this argument are: who has standing in the decision, what is the legitimacy of their standing, and by what right are they entitled to be heard; and, secondly, how to ensure that the powerful do not dominate the debate.
It is essential that a good representative range of stakeholders is involved in the dialogue/decision making process leading to IFM. The impacts of flooding and of interventions are often differentially distributed between members of households and sections of a community. Women are usually the primary child and health care providers and so commonly experience a disproportionate share of the burdens of recovering from floods. They also play a central part in the provision, management and safeguarding of water, and their special requirements in dealing with flood situations need to be reflected in the institutional arrangements. Integrated Flood Management has to keep gender based, religious and cultural differences in perspective. The participation of minorities/indigenous people and weaker sections of society needs to be ensured. The interests of other vulnerable sections of society, such as children and the elderly need to be specifically addressed while planning and executing interventions to reduce risks from flooding in the future, during a flood and its aftermath. The form of participation could vary, depending upon the social, political and cultural setup of the society. The participation can also take place through democratically elected representatives and spokespersons or through the various user groups such as water users associations, forest user groups etc. As IWRM and the IFM are not isolated issues, and usually mirror society’s general characteristics and problems, the adopted model for stakeholder participation will vary with the specific circumstances.

## Characteristics of IFM

**Integration - particularly institutional arrangements**
**Integración – en especial acuerdos institucionales **

## Regional Pilot Projects

## Regional Pilot Project - South Asia

**Regional Pilot Project - South Asia**

**Community Approach to Flood Management**

-  **Formation of “Community Flood Management Committee (CFMC)”**
** ****Preparation of a manual on Community Approach to Flood Management**

## Regional Pilot Project - Africa

**Regional Pilot Project - Africa**

**Strategy for Flood Management in Kenya**

** ****JICA has started working on IFM plan for Nyando River Basin**

**Establishment of the Strategy**

**Launched by Honourable Martha Karua, MWRMD, Government of Kenya**

## Regional Pilot Project - South America

**Purpose**
-  To develop a flood management plan    	within the framework of IFM
**Achievement**
-  Design and implementation of a flood 	forecast system
-  Planning and design of an emergency 	plan
-  Territorial ordering as well as measures 	that can be effective for flood 	management.

**Trans-boundary issues**

## Regional Pilot Project - CEE

**Regional Pilot Project - CEE**

**Flash Floods**

**Poland**

**Slovakia**

- Community resilience to cope with the effects of flash floods especially under the circumstance where early warnings are not readily available

**Economic Aspects**
**Aspectos económicos**

**Legal ****Aspects**
**Aspectos legales**

**Supplementary papers**

**Key Paper**

**Environmental ****Aspects**
**Aspectos ambientales**

**Compilation of ****supplementary**** papers**

**Social Aspects**
**Aspectos sociales**

## Las pérdidas por crecidas aumentan, pero...Flood losses increase, but... 

**Las p****é****rdidas por crecidas aumentan, pero...****Flood losses increase, but...**** **

## Las pérdidas por crecidas aumentan, pero hay que pensarFlood losses increase, but we shall think

**Las p****é****rdidas por crecidas aumentan, pero hay que pensar****Flood losses increase, but we shall think**

## “In the case of flooding, the appropriate economic objective is thus to maximize the efficiency of use of the catchment and not to minimize flood losses. Trends in national flood losses need not provide any guide to the success or failure of the national hazard management strategy adopted: It can be easily shown that efficient flood management policy can be accompanied by a rise in both flood losses and the cost of flood management.”

- “In the case of flooding, the appropriate economic objective is thus to maximize the efficiency of use of the catchment and not to minimize flood losses. Trends in national flood losses need not provide any guide to the success or failure of the national hazard management strategy adopted: It can be easily shown that efficient flood management policy can be accompanied by a rise in both flood losses and the cost of flood management.”
- “En el caso de inundaciones, el objetivo económico apropiado es por lo tanto maximizar el uso eficiente de la cuenca y no de minimizar las pérdidas por crecidas. Las estadísticas en materia de pérdidas por crecidas no proporcionan ninguna guía sobre el éxito o fracaso de una estrategia de gestión de crecidas. Puede mostrase fácilmente que una política eficiente en materia de gestión de crecidas puede estar acompañada de un aumento en las pérdidas por crecidas y del costo de gestión de crecidas.”

## Summary: Challenges from the past: the Water Sector’s recommendations of the 90’s. New challenges: the disaster community.

- Opportunities: Implementing IFM as a sustainable development policy, preventing the perverse impact of reducing flood losses as the overall objective.
- Immediate need: Training in the field of risk management
- Resumen: Desafíos del pasado: las recomendaciones del Sector Hídrico de los 90. Nuevos desafíos: la comunidad que se ocupa de desastres.
- Oportunidades: Poner en práctica la GIC como una política de desarrollo sostenible, impidiendo los efectos perversos de reducir pérdidas por crecidas como objetivo final.
- Necesidad inmediata: Formación en gestión de riesgo.

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