# Presentation: 846093

## HRIBF Upgrades

**HRIBF Astrophysics Workshop**
**October 24, 2006**
**Jim Beene**

## Background

**HRIBF was developed at very low cost from an existing accelerator complex in the mid 1990s**
**Dedicated in December 1996**
**Need for significant upgrades apparent from beginning**

## HRIBF:Existing Systems2002

**HRIBF:****Existing Systems****2002**

## Facility Overview

**RIB Production:**
**Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron (ORIC)**
**IRIS1: RIB production station**
**25 MV tandem electrostatic accelerator**
**ISOL Development:**
**2 off-line Ion Source Test Facilities (ISTF1,2)**
**1 low-power On-Line Test Facility (OLTF)**
**1 High Power Target Laboratory (HPTL)**
**Experimental End Stations**
**Recoil Mass Spectrometer (RMS)**
**Daresbury Recoil Separator (DRS)**
**Enge Spectrograph**
**Several general purpose end stations**

## HRIBF Post-accelerated Beams

**HRIBF Post-accelerated Beams**

**175 RIB species available **
**(+26 more unaccelerated)**
**32 proton-rich species**
**143 neutron-rich species**

**Post-accelerated Intensity**

**Beam list increased by ~50% since 2003**

## Background to Facility Upgrade Program

**Consideration of upgrades began ~1995**
**Modest-scale upgrades of HRIBF endorsed by LE program review in 2001**
**Both production systems and experimental systems included**
**Now incorporated as part of HRIBF strategic plan**
**Science, Prod. Systems, Experimental Systems**
**DOE NP initial project ground rules:**
**Modest cost**
**Minimum downtime**
**Finish in time to be operated before RIA on line**

## AIP program

**AIP funding to improve ORIC began in 1996**
**$1.6M over 4 years**
**Major impact on performance**
**AIP applied to entire complex after 2000**
**Critical tandem and control system improvements**
**Significant fraction of AIP funds redirected to upgrade projects 2003-2006**
**Need to return to concentration on ORIC improvement.**
**e.g. rf upgrade 2006-2008**

## Major upgrade needs

**RIB production systems**
**Beam production and preparation system upgrade**
**HPTL, IRIS2**
**Driver accelerator upgrade**
**Post-accelerator upgrade**
**Experimental system upgrades**
******-detector (CLARION) upgrades**
**Gas target upgrades**
**Si array upgrades**
**Unaccelerated beam facility (LeRibss)**
**Neutron detection upgrades**
**Computing and data acquisition**
**New beamlines**

## LeRibss

## 8 Year Plan for Major Production Systems Upgrades

**FY03-FY05 ****	****HPTL**
**FY06-FY08 ****	****IRIS2 & RLIS development**
**FY07-FY11 ****	****ORIC axial injection external development**
**FY09-FY11 ****	****Electron driver (> $10M)**
**FY12 ****	****	****ORIC axial injection installation**

## Consequences of Operating HRIBF as a Single Production Station Facility

**Unavoidable downtime due to target/ion-source failure **
**More downtime for transition between campaigns.**
**More downtime for maintenance of hot equipment.**
**Inability to carry out target R&D at high power density. **
**High risk to mix R&D and production on single injector system.**
**Difficult (or risky)  to implement advanced beam preparation techniques or mods to injector operation**
**Space severely limited on IRIS1**
**Size and layout precludes implementation of ECRIS, laser ion sources or coolers (ion guides)**
**Potential downtime associated with mods a deterrent to changes**
**Limited flexibility in radioisotope inventory management.**

## HPTL and the HRIBF Science Program

**The HPTL is a beam development R&D facility**
**targets **
**ion sources **
**beam purification and manipulation techniques**
**HPTL does not provide immediate and direct augmentation of HRIBF science capability**
**HPTL does enhance our ability to advance ISOL science & technology – and as a consequence will substantially enhance the reach and impact of our science program**

## The IRIS2 Project

**IRIS2 is intended to provide operational redundancy in RIB production, i.e. a second “injector” system.**
**Additional highly shielded space beyond HPTL is prohibitively expensive, so we co-locate IRIS2 with HPTL.**
**Characteristics already designed into HPTL will simplify implementation of advanced beam preparation and purification techniques.**
**R&D functionality associated with HPTL will not be lost with IRIS2 – rather HPTL will be incorporated in HRIBF as a production station. **
**Sharing production and R&D activities among two “injector” systems is much less an issue than sharing these functions on a single system.**
**The space occupied by HPTL was laid out to facilitate ISOL R&D activities.**

## HRIBF with IRIS2

**IRIS1**

**IRIS2**

## IRIS2 Project Summary

**Cost: ~$4.7M, funded beginning Jan. 2006**
**Total Duration: 3  years  **
**Anticipated completion  Q1 FY2009**

## Driver upgrades

**It is possible to make major gains in n-rich beam intensity within the DOE-NP upgrade cost guidelines & our staff limitations**
**Major gains in p-rich beam intensity appear to require a much larger investment**
**Improvements to ORIC can enhance HRIBF performance across the board, especially for p-rich production**

## ORIC Axial Injection

**ORIC Axial Injection**

## Neutron-Rich RIB Production with High Power Electron Beams

**Bremsstrahlung from the electron beam induces photo-fission in a uranium carbide target system with a thickness of ~30 g/cm****2**** (10X****0****)**
**A 1 kW, 50 MeV electron beam incident on such a target would generate a total uranium fission rate 20 times greater than a 1 ****μ****A, 50 MeV proton beam, while depositing about the same power density in the target.  **
**Photofission is a “colder” process: the yield of neutron-rich species is shifted much farther from stability than for proton induced fission. **
**This electron-driver initiative could provide enhancements in excess of 10****3 ****for very neutron-rich RIBs at a much lower cost than hadron drivers.**
**The most cost-effective means of reaching 10****13**** f/s**
**Requires no major target breakthroughs  **

## Photofission yields

******U(********,f)**

-  **10****13 **** f/s “easily” achieved**
** ****About 20x current HRIBF**
** ****But real gain >> 20x**

## Photofission target issues

## Photofission at HRIBF

**************ph-f/s **
**10 ********A 40 MeV p**

## HRIBF Beams with an Electron Driverpost-accelerated intensities

**10****13**** f/s**
**20 kW 50MeV e****-**** direct**
**50 kW 50 MeV e****-****, 3X****0**** conv.**
**60 kW 25 MeV e****-****, 1.5X****0 ****conv.**

## Electron driver options

**50 MeV 50-100 kW CW SC linac**
**~$7M (not including cryo systems )**
**25 MeV 200 kW CW Rhodotron (IBA)**
**~$9M (includes controls, beam rastering)**

## Summary 

**We have developed an integrated strategic plan for the HRIBF (a work in progress)**
**Science program, experimental systems, and production systems upgrades, and are all included**
**Production system upgrades through 2008 (HPTL & IRIS2) are complete or in progress**
**The next major production sys. upgrade step:**
**Photofission driver: cost ~$16M + professional staff effort**
**ORIC axial injector upgrade **
**Modest cost ~$2M (AIP-scale)**
**Significant performance and reliability improvements**
**>8 mo facility downtime unless coupled to new driver**

## END

## Potential RhodotronImplementation at HRIBF

## ORIC Axial Injection

- The performance of the HRIBF driver accelerator, ORIC, is limited by aspects of the PIG-type internal ion source and the multi-stage extraction system.
- Internal ion source limitations are
- short cathode life time when used with helium, and
- poor beam quality
- Electrostatic deflector septum extraction limitations are
- efficiency is low and limits the intensity of production beams
- results in high machine activation that impedes maintenance
- risk to internal machine components** **

**PIG Source**

## HPTL Project 

**HPTL Project **

**Title: ****	****	****High Power Target Laboratory**
**Cost: ****	****	****Funded at $4.752M**
**Schedule: ****	****FY03 (Q4) – FY05 (Q4****)**
**Attributes:**
**Provides a dedicated facility for high-power R&D of RIB targets, ion sources, and production techniques that should result in higher RIB intensities, purities, and available species.**
**Separates R&D from production **
**Allows testing and optimization of novel target geometries, formats, and mechanisms for controlling high power deposition without risk to the production system**
**Allows tests to monitor target behavior in real time**
**Provided additional shielded space for future upgrades**

- High Power Target Laboraory

## High Power Target Laboratory

**High Power ****Target ****Laboratory**

**Shield walls**

**ORIC Beamline**

**Target Station**

**HV Platform System**

## ORIC Axial Injection

- Project Cost: $1.5M
- Implemented in two phases:
- Off-line test stand development of entire system
- Installation in ORIC including rf and extraction system modifications
- Features
- 40 kV ion source platform
- multi-cusp ion source for production of high intensity H and D beams
- ECR ion source for He++ and heavier ions such as Li, C
- magnetic beam transport components used to address space-charge effects
- multi-harmonic (MH) beam pulsing system and a spiral inflector
- Performance
- ~ 80 % of the analyzed DC beams extracted from the ion sources will be efficiently injected into and accelerated by ORIC.
- extract light ion beams from the ORIC with intensities up to 100 A using a newly designed foil stripping extraction system
- higher driver beam intensities combined with beam rastering will yield higher intensity RIBS

## Elevation View of IRIS2

## Roadmap (Timeline)

## Developed internally
Still a draft document
Consulted with HRIBF UEC
Consulted with Group Leaders

**Experiment and Theory**
**HRIBF and DOE Milestones**

**LIVING DOCUMENT**
**... ****to keep us focused**
**... ****to keep users and DOE informed**

**Developed internally**
**Still a draft document**
**Consulted with HRIBF UEC**
**Consulted with Group Leaders**

## Slide 34

## Slide 36

## Potential RhodotronImplementation at HRIBF

## Impact of IRIS2 on HRIBF Operations

**The primary direct justification for IRIS2 is improvement in operational effectiveness and efficiency of HRIBF.**
**Full implementation of IRIS2 will allow us to achieve ~50% increase in RIB hours for experiment.**
**With present HRIBF configuration ~2000 h RIB on target (~1700 h achieved to date) for 5+ day operation.**
**Goal with IRIS2 implemented - 3000 h RIB on target for 5+day ops**
**We project 4000 h of RIB on target out of 6000 h total operations is a reasonable goal for 7 day ops with IRIS2 fully implemented.**
**IRIS2 will enable us to significantly improve “availability” for **_**RIB production and delivery.**_
**We expect to achieve x5 intensity increase in many currently available RIBS within 1-2 years of IRIS2 commissioning.**
**Early implementation of laser photodetachment and RLIS will impact beam purity quickly.  Laser lab “designed in”.**
**Further increases in performance (RIB intensity and variety) will follow from R&D carried out on IRIS2 / HPTL**

## Background for IRIS2:Realities of ISOL Facility Operations 

**Primary radioactive species production occurs in an extremely harsh environment at any ISOL RIB facility.**
**Maintaining and servicing equipment in the vicinity of the production target is challenging and time consuming.**
**Relatively frequent changes of targets and ion sources are a fact of RIB operations life – and generate downtime at a facility with a single production site.**
**Redundancy is the best way yet devised to deal with these and other issues.**

## HRIBF

- Recoil Mass Spectrometer (RMS)

- Injector for Radioactive Ion Species 1 (IRIS1)

- 25MV Tandem Electrostatic Accelerator

- Daresbury Recoil Separator (DRS)

- Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron (ORIC)

- On-Line Test Facility (OLTF)

- High Power Target Laboratory (HPTL)

- Stable Ion Injector (ISIS)

- Enge Spectrograph

**HRIBF**

## Grand scale upgrade

**Booster linac**

**Driver linac**

**200 MeV p &  **
**100 MeVq/A=1/2**

**$80-$100M**
**3 to 5 yr downtime**
**Incompatible with DOE NP guidance**

## Fission product yields

## IBA RhodotronElectron AcceleratorWilling to scale their 10 MeV, 20mA unit (shown) to 25 MeV