**November 21, 1997**

Contract \# **TW-0928**

SPECIAL SPECIFICATION

SECTION 15250-S

[INSULATION - MECHANICAL SYSTEMS]{.underline}

Page

[PART 1 - GENERAL]{.underline}

1.01 Description of Work 2

1.02 References 2

1.03 Submittals 3

1.04 Quality Assurance 4

1.05 Delivery, Storage and Handling 4

1.06 Warranty 4

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 Insulation for Piping Systems 5

2.02 Insulation for Ductwork Systems 5

2.03 Insulation for Equipment 6

2.04 Insulation Requirements 7

2.05 Manufactured Units 7

2.06 Accessories 8

2.07 Sealants 8

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 Examination 10

3.02 Preparation 10

3.03 Installation - Piping Systems 10

3.04 Installation - Ductwork 15

3.05 Installation - Equipment Systems 17

3.06 Installation - Repair and Replacement 19

3.07 Field Quality Control 19

3.08 Cleaning 19

3.09 Commissioning 19

SPECIAL SPECIFICATION

SECTION 15250-S

[INSULATION - MECHANICAL SYSTEMS]{.underline}

# PART 1 - GENERAL

## 1.01 Description of Work

[Contractor shall furnish labor, equipment, materials and
accessories]{.underline} to perform operations required for the
installation of mechanical insulation in accordance with this
specification and other contract drawings and documents. Mechanical
insulation includes the broad categories of piping, equipment and
ductwork. Piping systems include, but are not limited to, potable cold
and hot water; non-potable hot and cold water; recirculating hot water;
heating hot water; cold condensate; chilled water; process chilled water
systems; roof drains, conductors, and leaders; underground chilled water
lines. Equipment includes, but is not limited to, converters, hot water
storage tanks; pumps, boilers, and flues. Ductwork includes, but is not
limited to, plenums; air conditioning, heating, ventilating and noted
exhaust ductwork.

## 1.02 References

The [current editions]{.underline} of the following references are to be
considered a part of this specification. They are listed in the order of
[governance]{.underline}.

A. [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Standard
Specifications]{.underline}

01065 Environment, Safety & Health Regulations for Construction
(Special)

01300-S Submittals

B. [Department of Justice]{.underline}

28 CFR Part 36 Non-discrimination on the Basis of Disability by Public
Accommodations and in Commercial Facilities

C. [National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)]{.underline}

90A Standard for Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilation
Systems

D. [Underwriter\'s Laboratories (UL)]{.underline}

Fire Resistance Directory

181 Factory-Made Air Ducts and Air Connectors

723 Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

E. [American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard
Specifications]{.underline}

C167 Thickness and Density of Blanket- or Batt Type Insulating Materials

C208 Insulating Board, Structural and Decorative

C533 Calcium Silicate Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation

C534 Preformed Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Thermal Insulation in Sheet
and Tubular Form

C547 Mineral Fiber Preformed Pipe Insulation

C552 Cellular Glass Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation

C553 Mineral Fiber Blanket and Felt Thermal Insulation (Industrial Type)

C585 Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Rigid Thermal Insulation
for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing

C612 Mineral Fiber Block and Board Insulation

C665 Mineral Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Light Frame
Construction and Manufactured Housing

C916 Adhesives for Duct Thermal Insulation

C921 Practice for Determining Properties of Jacketing Materials for
Thermal Insulation

C1146 Guide for Prefabricated Panel Insulation Systems for Ducts and
Equipment Operating at Temperatures Above Ambient Air

D 903 Test for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhesive Bonds

D3654 Test Method for Holding Power of Pressure Sensitive Tapes

E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building
Materials

## 1.03 Submittals

[Proposed substitutions]{.underline} to the manufacturers, products or
model numbers cited in this specification shall be performed in
accordance with section 01600-S. Submittals shall be in accordance with
Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) Standard Specification 01300-S.

A. [Product Data]{.underline}: Submit manufacturer\'s catalog data and
published certification data.

B. [Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)]{.underline}: Submit MSDSs on
insulation, sealants, cements, adhesives and mastics.

## 1.04 Quality Assurance

A. [Asbestos Free]{.underline}: Insulating and sealing materials must be
[certified]{.underline} to be free of asbestos.

B. [Manufacturer\'s Qualifications]{.underline}: Manufacturing firms
shall be regularly engaged in the manufacture of mechanical insulation
products, of the types and sizes required, whose products have been in
satisfactory use in similar service for not less than 3 years.

C. [Installer\'s Qualifications]{.underline}: Firms with at least 3
years successful installation experience on projects with similar
mechanical insulation.

D. [Flame/Smoke Ratings]{.underline}: Provide composite mechanical
insulation (insulation, jackets, coverings, sealers, mastics and
adhesives) with flame spread index of 25 or less and smoke developed
rating of 50 or less, as tested by ASTM E84 for interior applications.
For exterior applications, a composite flame spread index of 75 or less
with a smoke developed rating of 150 is allowable.

E. [Insulation and insulating materials]{.underline} shall be listed in
the UL Fire Resistance Directory, UL 181 or UL 723.

## 1.05 Delivery, Storage and Handling

A. Insulation and insulating materials (coatings, adhesives, coverings
and cements) shall be [delivered]{.underline} to the construction site
in containers suitable for protection from the elements.

B. Containers shall be [labeled]{.underline} with the manufacturer\'s
identification and with the fire hazard ratings.

C. Wet or otherwise visibly damaged insulation [shall not be
used]{.underline}.

D. Insulation shall be [stored]{.underline} in original containers to
preserve shop cleanliness levels prior to insulation.

## 1.06 Warranty

Insulation and components furnished under this contract shall be
[guaranteed]{.underline} against defective design, materials, and
workmanship for the full warranty time, which is standard with the
manufacturer or supplier, but in [no case less than one
year]{.underline} from the date of system acceptance.

#  

# PART 2 - PRODUCTS

## 2.01 Insulation for Piping Systems

A. [Fiberglass]{.underline}: Shall conform to requirements for
composition, dimensions, sizes and physical properties as set forth in
ASTM C665 or ASTM C547, Classes 1, 2 or 3. Material shall be
manufactured from glass, slag, rock or other mineral substances
processed from a molten state into a fibrous form. Insulation shall be
faced with laminated foil, reinforcing scrim and flame resistant Kraft
paper. Manufactured by Accessible Products, Owens-Corning, Certain Teed,
or Knauf.

2.02 Insulation for Ductwork Systems

A. [Rigid Fiberglass Board]{.underline}: Shall conform to requirements
for physical properties, dimensions and composition as set forth for
rigid and semi-rigid board in ASTM C612, class 1. Insulation shall be
faced with laminated foil, reinforcing scrim and flame resistant Kraft
paper. Manufactured by Certain Teed, Knauf or Owens-Corning.

B. [Flexible Fiberglass Blanket]{.underline}: Shall conform to
requirements for composition, physical properties, dimensions and sizes
as stated in ASTM C553, Type I, class B-4, resilient and flexible
fiberglass. Insulation fiber shall be derived from rock, slag, glass or
other mineral substances and processed from a molten state into a
fibrous form. Insulation shall be faced with laminated foil, reinforcing
scrim and flame-resistant Kraft paper. Manufactured by Certain Teed,
Knauf or Owens-Corning.

C. [Fire Wrap]{.underline}: Shall be 1/2-inch wrapping material such as
3M's fireproofing wrap or Nelson Firestop wrap (see FM approval guide).
2.03 Insulation for Equipment

D. [Rigid Fiberglass]{.underline}: Shall conform to requirements for
dimensions, composition and physical properties as set forth in ASTM
C612. Allowable Classes 1 through 5. Insulation shall be faced with
laminated foil, reinforcing scrim and flame resistant Kraft paper.
Manufactured by Certain Teed, Knauf or Owens Corning.

E. [Flexible Fiberglass Blanket]{.underline}: Shall conform to
requirements for composition, physical properties, dimensions and sizes
as stated in ASTM C553, Type I, class B-4, resilient and flexible
fiberglass. Insulation fiber shall be derived from rock, slag, glass or
other mineral substances and processed from a molten state into a
fibrous form. Insulation shall be face with laminated foil, reinforcing
scrim and flame-resistant Kraft paper. Manufactured by Certain Teed,
Knauf or Owens Corning.

2.04 Insulation Requirements

A. The following are recommended [minimum thermal conductivities
(k)]{.underline} and [density]{.underline} requirements for the generic
insulation types. The thermal conductivities are given at the indicated
mean temperatures.

Type Mean Temperature \"k\" Density

[°F (°C) Btu-in./h-ft²-F (W/m-K) lb./ft³ (kg/m³)]{.underline}

[Fiberglass]{.underline}:

ASTM C547

Class 1 75 (24) 0.26 (0.037) 10 (160)

ASTM C553

Class B-4 75 (24) 0.31 (0.045) 1.5 (24)

ASTM C612

Class 1 75 (24) 0.26 (0.037) 10 (160)

Class 2 75 (24) 0.26 (0.037) 12 (192)

Class 3 100 (38) 0.30 (0.043) 12 (192)

Class 4 300 (149) 0.42 (0.061) 12 (192)

Class 5 300 (149) 0.53 (0.076) 20 (320)

B. [Insulation]{.underline} shall meet thickness and density
requirements as set forth in 10 CFR 435. .

## 2.05 Manufactured Units

A. [Lavatory safety kit]{.underline}: Shall comply with the Americans
with Disabilities Act (ADA). Safety kit shall consist of durable,
chemical and UV resistant, 1/8\" (3.2 mm) thick vinyl plastisol covers
with nylon fasteners for hot and cold water valves, waste line, tail
piece and P-trap. Manufactured by Brocar Products, model Wrap Trap.

B. [Valve, flange and fitting coverings]{.underline}: Shall be supplied
by the insulation manufacturer, if available. Covers shall be
constructed from field fabricated aluminum or constructed of one-piece
pre-molded PVC.

C. [Jacketed Fiberglass Insulation]{.underline}: Shall be constructed of
fiberglass with an attached self-sealing PVC or polyester impregnated
PVC jacket. Manufactured by Accessible Products; type Thermazip, for
pipe, tank and vessel insulation.

## 2.06 Accessories

A. [Jackets]{.underline}: Shall conform to ASTM C921. Acceptable
manufacturers: Owens Corning, Accessible Products or Certain Teed, or
Knauf.

1\. [Classification]{.underline}:

a\. [Type I]{.underline}: Jacket with vapor barrier shall be used over
pipes, ducts or equipment operating at temperatures below ambient, or
wherever vapor barriers are required.

b\. [Type II]{.underline}: Water vapor permeable jacket shall be used
over pipes, ducts or equipment operating at temperatures above ambient.,
for use with temperatures above ambient, or wherever vapor barrier is
not required.

2\. [Materials]{.underline}

a\. [Aluminum]{.underline} jacketing shall be of the banded, embossed
type, coated on the interior to resist corrosion. Jacket shall be a
minimum of 0.016 inches thick ( 0.400 mm.)

b\. [Cloth]{.underline} jacketing shall be manufactured from white or
gray vinyl acrylic breather mastic reinforced with a minimum 7.8 ounce
per yard (0.26 kg/m²) glass or nylon cloth. B. [Shields, saddles and
sleeves]{.underline}: Shall be made from PVC or 16 ga. (1.25 mm)
galvanized steel. Size shall be a minimum of 3 times the insulation
diameter in length one third the insulation circumference in width.

C. [Staples, bands, wires, anchors, angles and similar
fasteners]{.underline} shall be as recommended by the insulation
manufacturer for the indicated applications.

D. [Mechanical fasteners]{.underline}: Shall be of galvanized steel,
suitable for adhesive, mechanical or welding attachment. Provide
fasteners that will not damage the insulation when applied as
recommended by the manufacturer, that do not cause leakage within the
duct and that will sustain a 50 pound (6.9 N) tensile dead load
perpendicular to duct wall.

E. [Tapes]{.underline}: Shall conform to ASTM D3654.

## 2.07 Sealants

A. [Sealants]{.underline}, mastics, adhesives, cements and protective
finishes shall be provided as recommended by the manufacturer and shall
conform to SNL Standard 07900 and the appropriate specification or test
method as outlined in the UL Fire Resistance Directory, UL 181, UL 723
or ASTM E84.

B. [Fire Resistant Sealant]{.underline}:

C. [Adhesives]{.underline} shall conform to ASTM C916 for ductwork and
D903 for other uses. Acceptable manufacturers: United McGill, Pittsburgh
Corning or Foster.

#  

# PART 3 - EXECUTION

## 3.01 Examination

[Examine]{.underline} areas and conditions under which mechanical
insulation is to be installed. [Do not]{.underline}
[proceed]{.underline} until unsatisfactory conditions have been
corrected in a manner acceptable to the SDR.

## 3.02 Preparation

A. [Protection]{.underline}: Insulation and insulating materials shall
be protected against damage from water, wind, dirt, chemical and
mechanical mishaps.

B. [Precleaning]{.underline}: Ductwork, equipment, piping, or other
surfaces to be insulated shall be cleaned and dried prior to insulating.

C. [Testing]{.underline}: Systems shall be tested before insulation is
applied. If this is not feasible, then joints shall be left exposed,
until tests have been performed.

D. [Installation]{.underline}: Contractor shall ensure that installation
is in compliance with the requirements for personnel protection set
forth in SNL Special Specification 01065: Environment, Safety and Health
Regulations for Construction.

## 3.03 Installation - Piping Systems

A. [General]{.underline}: Install insulation products in accordance with
manufacturer\'s written instructions and contract documents. Insulation
shall be installed neatly and professionally. Insulation shall be neatly
terminated at fire walls and fire dampers, unless otherwise permitted by
NFPA 90A and the SDR. Seal penetrations through floors, walls and
ceilings with fire resistant sealant.

B. [Piping application systems]{.underline} shall include the following,
unless otherwise noted on the contract documents:

1\. Potable and Non-Potable [Water]{.underline} [Piping]{.underline}:
Shall include potable and non-potable cold water piping concealed above
ceilings or within 24 in. (600 mm) of exterior walls, or concealed in
partitions, basements, equipment rooms or penthouses; and interior above
ground storm water piping. Insulation shall be fiberglass and shall
comply with the Table in Article 3.03, paragraph C.

2\. Potable and Non-Potable [Hot Water]{.underline}
[Piping]{.underline}: Shall include potable recirculating hot water
piping, potable hot water piping, and hot drain piping. Insulation shall
be fiberglass and shall comply with the Table in Article 3.03, paragraph
C.

3\. [Handicapped Fixtures]{.underline}: Shall include exposed lavatory
hot and cold piping supply and waste lines.

4\. [ChilledWater]{.underline} [and Heating]{.underline}
[Water]{.underline} [System Piping]{.underline}: Shall include the
following applications:

a\. [Cooling Systems]{.underline}: Chilled water supply and return
piping, process chilled water system water systems. Insulation shall be
fiberglass and shall comply with the Table in Article 3.03, paragraph C.

b\. [Heating Systems]{.underline}: Heating water supply and return
piping. Insulation shall be fiberglass for heating water and shall
comply with the Table in Article 3.03, paragraph C.

C. [Minimum insulation thicknesses]{.underline} for piping systems are
shown below:

Minimum Pipe Insulation (in)

Fluid Design

Operating Insulation Conductivity Nominal Pipe Diameter (In.)

Temperature

Range, °F Conductivity Mean Rating

Range Temperature Runouts^1^ 1 and 1-1/4 2-1/2 5 & 8 &

[Btu-in./F-h-ft^2^]{.underline} [°F]{.underline} [up to]{.underline} 2
[less]{.underline} [to 2]{.underline} [to 4]{.underline} [6]{.underline}
[up]{.underline}

> Heating Systems (Heating Water Systems)

Above 350 0.32-0.34 250 1.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.5

251-350 0.29-0.31 200 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.5 3.5

201-250 0.27-0.30 150 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 3.5

141-200 0.25-0.29 125 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

105-140 0.24-0.28 100 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5

Potable and Non-Potable Water and Hot Water Systems^2^

105 and greater 0.24-0.28 100 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5

Chilled Water Systems (Chilled Water, Process Chilled Water , and
Systems)^3^

40-55 0.23-0.27 75 0.5 0.5 0.75 1.0 1.0 1.0

Below 40 0.23-0.27 75 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Roof Drain System (Conductors and Leaders)

\_\_\_\_ 0.23-0.27 75 \_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_ 1.5 1.5 1.5

1\. Runouts to individual terminal units not exceeding 12 feet in
length.

2\. Applies to recirculating sections of potable and non-potable hot
water systems and first 8 feet from storage tank

for non-recirculating systems.

3\. The required minimum thicknesses do not consider watervapor
transmission and condensation. Add vapor

retarders as specified herein to limit water vapor transmission and
condensation.

Note: For exterior exposed piping, increase insulation thickness by 0.5
inch (12 mm.)

D. [Procedure for insulating aboveground piping]{.underline}: Install
insulation products in accordance with this specification and
manufacturer\'s instructions, in a neat and professional manner.

1\. [Insulate]{.underline} piping with full-length pieces of insulation
on continuous runs of piping.

2\. [Do not use]{.underline} scraps and cut pieces on continuous runs.

3\. [Butt]{.underline} joints firmly together to ensure a tight fit.

4\. [Butt]{.underline} pipe insulation firmly against pipe hanger
insulation inserts.

5\. [Cover]{.underline} valves, fittings and like items with insulation
of equivalent thicknesses and composition as that applied to pipe runs.

6\. [Apply]{.underline} vapor barrier tape or band over butt joints on
hot piping.

7\. [Protect]{.underline} vapor barrier jackets from punctures and other
damage.

8\. [Extend]{.underline} insulation without interruption through walls,
floors and ceiling penetrations.

E. [Procedure for installing underground and exposed]{.underline}
[insulation]{.underline}: Install per manufacturer\'s recommendations.

1\. [Clean]{.underline} and dry the piping.

2\. [Place]{.underline} insulation over pipe. Temporarily tape the
insulation to secure it, until longitudinal laps are sealed and butt
strips are applied.

3\. [Butt]{.underline} joints tightly and lap seal.

4\. [Apply]{.underline} a weather-proof coating to the insulation to
finish.

F. [Procedure for insulating handicapped fixtures]{.underline}: Install
lavatory safety kit as directed by manufacturer\'s instructions and in
accordance with section 4.19.4 of 28 CFR Part 36.

G. [Protection of piping insulation]{.underline}:

1\. Insulation on piping systems shall be [protected]{.underline} by
saddles from hangers, guides and rollers.

2\. Shields, saddles or sleeves shall be [installed]{.underline} at
hangers, guides and rollers.

3\. Piping exposed to weather and piping located between floor level and
an elevation of 8 feet (24 m) above the floor shall be
[protected]{.underline} by a 0.016\" (0.400 mm) thick corrugated
aluminum jacket. Jacket shall be attached to the insulation by aluminum
lock-type bands 12 inches (300 mm) apart.

4\. Piping exposed to the weather shall be [coated]{.underline} with two
layers of weatherproof coating of the type recommended by the
manufacturer and this specification.

## 3.04 Installation - Ductwork

A. [General]{.underline}:

1\. Install insulation products in accordance with manufacturer\'s
written instructions and with contract documents.

2\. Insulation shall be installed neatly and professionally.

3\. [Do not]{.underline} insulate FRP ductwork or externally insulate
lined ductwork. Installation shall comply with NFPA 90A.

4\. Insulation shall be [extended]{.underline} without interruption
through walls, floors and ceiling penetrations. Openings shall be sealed
with fire resistant sealant per NFPA 90A.

5\. Installation of prefabricated ductwork panels shall
[comply]{.underline} with ASTM C1146.

B. [Ductwork systems]{.underline}: Insulate the following ductwork
systems:

> **[System]{.underline}** **[Location]{.underline}** **[Insulation
> Type, Finish &Thickness]{.underline}**
>
> **Supply and** **Air Transfer(Rectangular)** **Exposed** **Rigid
> fiberglass and acrylic mastic cloth -**

**1-1/2 inch**

> **Supply and** **Air Transfer** **(Rectangular) Concealed Flexible
> Fiberglass Blanket - 1-1/2 inch**
>
> **Supply and Return (Round)** **Exposed Flexible fiberglass blanket
> and acrylic**

**mastic cloth - 1-1/2 inch**

> **Supply and Return (Round)** **Concealed Flexible fiberglass
> blanket - 1-1/2 inch**
>
> **Outdoor Air** **Intake** **Exposed Rigid fiberglass and acrylic
> mastic cloth -**
>
> **1-1/2 inch** **(As indicated on the Drawings)**
>
> **Outdoor Air Intake** **Concealed Flexible fiberglass blanket - 2
> inch**

**(As indicated on the Drawings)**

> Except drops to equipment

C [Installation Procedure for Rectangular Duct Insulation]{.underline}:
Install insulation in accordance with manufacturer\'s written
instructions and the contract documents.

1\. [Do not apply]{.underline} insulation to ductwork with surface
temperatures greater than 25 °F (14 °C) above or below ambient or when
ambient is below 50°F.

2\. [Apply]{.underline} insulation adhesive to outer edge of duct.

3\. [Butt]{.underline} insulation joints together to ensure a tight and
complete fit over surfaces to be covered.

4\. [Install]{.underline} insulation materials smoothly and evenly. [Do
not]{.underline} use sealers or mastics as fillers on poorly fitted
joints. Redo joints.

5\. [Maintain]{.underline} integrity of vapor barrier on ductwork
insulation by protecting it from punctures and other damages.

6\. [Extend]{.underline} ductwork insulation continuously through
floors, walls, ceilings and other penetrations, unless otherwise
directed by the SDR or the contract documents.

7\. [Provide]{.underline} neatly terminated edges at interruptions in
insulation, such as at locking quadrants or balancing dampers.

8\. [Protect]{.underline} outdoor insulation from the environment by
installing weather-barrier mastic protective finish or jacketing as
recommended by the manufacturer or as directed by the SDR.

9\. [Install]{.underline} corner angles on external corners of ductwork
insulation before covering with jacketing or insulating cement.

D. [Installation Procedure for Insulation of Round]{.underline}: Install
insulation in accordance manufacturer\'s written instructions and the
contract documents.

1\. [Do not apply]{.underline} insulation to ductwork with surface
temperatures at time of application greater than 25 °F (14 °C) above or
below ambient or when ambient is below 50° F. Allow to cool or heat up
to ambient temperature before application of insulation.

2\. [Apply]{.underline} adhesive to outer side of duct, as recommended
by manufacturer.

3\. [Roll]{.underline} insulation around adhesive.

4\. [Butt]{.underline} insulation joints together to ensure a tight and
complete fit over surfaces to be covered.

5\. [Install]{.underline} insulation materials smoothly and evenly. [Do
not]{.underline} use sealers or mastics as fillers on poorly fitted
joints. Redo joints.

6\. [Maintain]{.underline} integrity of vapor barrier on ductwork
insulation by protecting it from punctures and other damages.

7\. [Extend]{.underline} ductwork insulation continuously through
floors, walls, ceilings and other penetrations, unless otherwise
directed by the SDR or the contract documents.

8\. [Protect]{.underline} outdoor insulation from the environment by
installation of weather-barrier mastic protective finish or jacketing as
recommended by the manufacturer or as directed by the SDR.

## 3.05 Installation - Equipment Systems

A. [General]{.underline}: Install insulation products in accordance with
manufacturer\'s written instructions. Install insulation neatly and
professionally. Insulation shall be installed over cold and hot
equipment when not supplied by equipment manufacturer.

B. [Equipment application systems]{.underline} shall include the
following, unless otherwise indicated on the contract documents:

1\. [Cold equipment]{.underline} is defined as that operating at
temperatures below ambient. Its purpose is primarily for energy
conservation. Cold equipment includes such items as refrigeration
equipment, including, tanks, pumps, and drip pans; cold water storage
tanks; water softeners; cold and chilled water pumps; pneumatic water
tanks; chilled water cooler; and roof drain bodies.

2\. [Hot equipment]{.underline} is defined as equipment operating at
temperatures above ambient. Insulation is used over hot surfaces of
equipment for energy conservation and to prevent surface temperatures
above 140 °F (60 °C) where inadvertent contact is possible and to
prevent surface temperatures above 120 °F (49 °C) where contact is
likely or necessary for operation and maintenance of equipment. Hot
equipment includes boilers; hot water pumps, expansion and storage
tanks; heat exchangers; hot water pumps, storage; receivers and
separators; breechings, flues and stacks. Prefabricated panels on hot
equipment shall conform to ASTM C1146.

C. [Minimum insulation thicknesses]{.underline} for equipment systems
are shown below:

[System Insulation Thickness, in. (mm)]{.underline}

Cold, above 35ºF (2 ºC) Rigid Fiberglass 2.0 (50)

Flexible Fiberglass 2.0 (50)

Cold, below 35ºF (2 ºC) Rigid Fiberglass 3.0 (72)

Flexible Fiberglass 2.5 (64)

)

Hot,

Heating Water Pumps & Rigid Fiberglass 2.0 (50)

Storage Tanks,

Hot,

Expansion Tanks, Rigid Fiberglass 1.5 (238)

Receivers, Separators

Hot,

Generators, Boilers

D. [Installation procedure for equipment systems
insulation]{.underline}: Install insulation in accordance with
manufacturer\'s written instructions or as directed by the SDR.

1\. [Do not apply]{.underline} insulation to equipment with surface
temperatures at the time of application greater than 25 °F (14 °C) above
or below ambient. Allow to cool or heat up to ambient temperature or
when ambient is below 50° F.

2\. [Apply]{.underline} insulation using the staggered joint method for
[single layer only]{.underline} construction.

3\. [Install]{.underline} insulation materials smoothly and evenly. [Do
not]{.underline} use sealers or mastics as fillers on poorly fitted
joints. Redo joints.

4\. [Maintain]{.underline} integrity of vapor barrier on equipment
insulation by protecting it from punctures and other damages.

5\. [Coat]{.underline} insulated surfaces with a layer of insulating
cement and trowelled smooth, to leave a smooth continuous surface. Fill
in chipped edges, slight depressions, scored block, seams and wire
netting to remove surface irregularities.

6\. [Neatly fit]{.underline} 0.016 inch thick (0.400 mm) aluminum
all-service jacketing over the insulated surfaces. Lap seams a minimum
of 2 in. (50 mm), and firmly secure.

7\. [Provide]{.underline} neatly terminated edges at interruptions in
insulation.

8\. [Do not insulate]{.underline} boiler manholes, handholds, cleanouts,
nameplates and ASME certification stamps.

9\. [Provide]{.underline} insulation housings over areas that must be
periodically accessed for maintenance, including pumps, tanks,
generators, and converters. Include removable covers, fasteners,
flanges, frames and accessories.

10\. [Provide]{.underline} covers of rigid fiberglass, in the same
thickness as surrounding insulation, adhered to aluminum sheet metal.

11\. [Protect]{.underline} outdoor insulation from the environment by
installing weather-barrier mastic protective finish or jacketing as
recommended by the manufacturer or as directed by the SDR.

## 3.06 Installation - Repair and Replacement

[Repair]{.underline} damaged sections of insulation by first removing
damaged sections. Replace with insulation meeting or exceeding
properties of existing insulation. Lap new jacket over existing jacket
and seal, as stated in previous sections of this specification.

## 3.07 Field Quality Control

A. [Inspector]{.underline} shall ensure that insulation is installed
according to this specification in a neat and professional manner.

B. [Contractor]{.underline} shall be required to repair or replace
insulation that is not applied in strict accordance with this
specification.

## 3.08 Cleaning

Contractor shall allow any sealants, mastics or adhesives time to cure
before insulated items or systems are cleaned. Contractor shall ensure
that items or systems insulated are cleaned and that the insulation does
not affect the operation of system that it is insulating nor that of the
surrounding nor that of connecting systems.

3.09 [COMMISSIONING]{.underline}

Provide labor, material, equipment, etc., required to facilitate the
commissioning process. Perform tests and verification procedures
required by the commissioning process when requested by SNL'S
Commissioning Authority and directed by the General Contractor's Test
Engineer.

END OF SECTION